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Zhao C, Hu B, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Luo W, Li H, Zhang X. IGF2 promotes the differentiation of chicken embryonic myoblast by regulating mitochondrial remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38946060 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is crucial for animal movement and posture maintenance, and it serves as a significant source of meat in the livestock and poultry industry. The number of muscle fibers differentiated from myoblast in the embryonic stage is one of the factors determining the content of skeletal muscle. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a well-known growth-promoting hormone, is crucial for embryonic and skeletal muscle growth and development. However, the specific molecular mechanism underlying its impact on chicken embryonic myoblast differentiation remains unclear. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which IGF2 regulates chicken myoblast differentiation, we manipulated IGF2 expression in chicken embryonic myoblast. The results demonstrated that IGF2 was upregulated during chicken skeletal muscle development and myoblast differentiation. On the one hand, we found that IGF2 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC1/NRF1/TFAM pathway, thereby enhancing mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP synthesis during myoblast differentiation. This process is mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. On the other hand, IGF2 regulates BNIP3-mediated mitophagy, clearing dysfunctional mitochondria. Collectively, our findings confirmed that IGF2 cooperatively regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to remodel the mitochondrial network and enhance mitochondrial function, ultimately promoting myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Bagri KM, de Andrade Abraham C, Santos AT, da Silva WS, Costa ML, Mermelstein C. Rotenone inhibits embryonic chick myogenesis in a ROS-dependent mechanism. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102423. [PMID: 38875923 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function is highly dependent on the energy supply provided by mitochondria. Besides ATP production, mitochondria have several other roles, such as calcium storage, heat production, cell death signaling, autophagy regulation and redox state modulation. Mitochondrial function is crucial for skeletal muscle fiber formation. Disorders that affect mitochondria have a major impact in muscle development and function. Here we studied the role of mitochondria during chick skeletal myogenesis. We analyzed the intracellular distribution of mitochondria in myoblasts, fibroblasts and myotubes using Mitotracker labeling. Mitochondrial respiration was investigated in chick muscle cells. Our results show that (i) myoblasts and myotubes have more mitochondria than muscle fibroblasts; (ii) mitochondria are organized in long lines within the whole cytoplasm and around the nuclei of myotubes, while in myoblasts they are dispersed in the cytoplasm; (iii) the area of mitochondria in myotubes increases during myogenesis, while in myoblasts and fibroblasts there is a slight decrease; (iv) mitochondrial length increases in the three cell types (myoblasts, fibroblasts and myotubes) during myogenesis; (v) the distance of mitochondria to the nucleus increases in myoblasts and myotubes during myogenesis; (vi) Rotenone inhibits muscle fiber formation, while FCCP increases the size of myotubes; (vii) N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of ROS formation, rescues the effects of Rotenone on muscle fiber size; and (viii) Rotenone induces the production of ROS in chick myogenic cells. The collection of our results suggests a role of ROS signaling in mitochondrial function during chick myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Moreira Bagri
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Teixeira Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wagner Seixas da Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manoel Luis Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia Mermelstein
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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3
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Guimarães DSPSF, Barrios NMF, de Oliveira AG, Rizo-Roca D, Jollet M, Smith JAB, Araujo TR, da Cruz MV, Marconato E, Hirabara SM, Vieira AS, Krook A, Zierath JR, Silveira LR. Concerted regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and contractile properties by the orphan nuclear receptor Nr2f6. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 38682559 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maintenance of skeletal muscle plasticity upon changes in the environment, nutrient supply, and exercise depends on regulatory mechanisms that couple structural and metabolic adaptations. The mechanisms that interconnect both processes at the transcriptional level remain underexplored. Nr2f6, a nuclear receptor, regulates metabolism and cell differentiation in peripheral tissues. However, its role in the skeletal muscle is still elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of Nr2f6 modulation on muscle biology in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Global RNA-seq was performed in Nr2f6 knockdown C2C12 myocytes (N = 4-5). Molecular and metabolic assays and proliferation experiments were performed using stable Nr2f6 knockdown and Nr2f6 overexpression C2C12 cell lines (N = 3-6). Nr2f6 content was evaluated in lipid overload models in vitro and in vivo (N = 3-6). In vivo experiments included Nr2f6 overexpression in mouse tibialis anterior muscle, followed by gene array transcriptomics and molecular assays (N = 4), ex vivo contractility experiments (N = 5), and histological analysis (N = 7). The conservation of Nr2f6 depletion effects was confirmed in primary skeletal muscle cells of humans and mice. RESULTS Nr2f6 knockdown upregulated genes associated with muscle differentiation, metabolism, and contraction, while cell cycle-related genes were downregulated. In human skeletal muscle cells, Nr2f6 knockdown significantly increased the expression of myosin heavy chain genes (two-fold to three-fold) and siRNA-mediated depletion of Nr2f6 increased maximal C2C12 myocyte's lipid oxidative capacity by 75% and protected against lipid-induced cell death. Nr2f6 content decreased by 40% in lipid-overloaded myotubes and by 50% in the skeletal muscle of mice fed a high-fat diet. Nr2f6 overexpression in mice resulted in an atrophic and hypoplastic state, characterized by a significant reduction in muscle mass (15%) and myofibre content (18%), followed by an impairment (50%) in force production. These functional phenotypes were accompanied by the establishment of an inflammation-like molecular signature and a decrease in the expression of genes involved in muscle contractility and oxidative metabolism, which was associated with the repression of the uncoupling protein 3 (20%) and PGC-1α (30%) promoters activity following Nr2f6 overexpression in vitro. Additionally, Nr2f6 regulated core components of the cell division machinery, effectively decoupling muscle cell proliferation from differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel role for Nr2f6 as a molecular transducer that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance between skeletal muscle contractile function and oxidative capacity. These results have significant implications for the development of potential therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrius Santiago P S F Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ninon M F Barrios
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - David Rizo-Roca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maxence Jollet
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathon A B Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thiago R Araujo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Emilio Marconato
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sandro M Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André S Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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4
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Triolo M, Baker N, Agarwal S, Larionov N, Podinić T, Khacho M. Optic atrophy 1 mediates muscle differentiation by promoting a metabolic switch via the supercomplex assembly factor SCAF1. iScience 2024; 27:109164. [PMID: 38414856 PMCID: PMC10897915 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation is integral for the regeneration of skeletal muscle following tissue damage. Though high-energy post-mitotic muscle relies predominantly on mitochondrial respiration, the importance of mitochondrial remodeling in enabling muscle differentiation and the players involved are not fully known. Here we show that the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 is essential for muscle differentiation. Our study demonstrates that OPA1 loss or inhibition, through genetic and pharmacological means, abolishes in vivo muscle regeneration and in vitro myotube formation. We show that both the inhibition and genetic deletion of OPA1 prevent the early onset metabolic switch required to drive myoblast differentiation. In addition, we observe an OPA1-dependent upregulation of the supercomplex assembly factor, SCAF1, at the onset of differentiation. Importantly, preventing the upregulation of SCAF1, through OPA1 loss or siRNA-mediated SCAF1 knockdown, impairs metabolic reprogramming and muscle differentiation. These findings reveal the integral role of OPA1 and mitochondrial reprogramming at the onset of myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Triolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nicole Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Soniya Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nikita Larionov
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tina Podinić
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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5
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Zhang Z, Luo W, Chen G, Chen J, Lin S, Ren T, Lin Z, Zhao C, Wen H, Nie Q, Meng X, Zhang X. Chicken muscle antibody array reveals the regulations of LDHA on myoblast differentiation through energy metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127629. [PMID: 37890747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast proliferation and differentiation are highly dynamic and regulated processes in skeletal muscle development. Given that proteins serve as the executors for the majority of biological processes, exploring key regulatory factors and mechanisms at the protein level offers substantial opportunities for understanding the skeletal muscle development. In this study, a total of 607 differentially expressed proteins between proliferation and differentiation in myoblasts were screened out using our chicken muscle antibody array. Biological function analysis revealed the importance of energy production processes and compound metabolic processes in myogenesis. Our antibody array specifically identified an upregulation of LDHA during differentiation, which was associated with the energy metabolism. Subsequent investigation demonstrated that LDHA promoted the glycolysis and TCA cycle, thereby enhancing myoblasts differentiation. Mechanistically, LDHA promotes the glycolysis and TCA cycle but inhibits the ETC oxidative phosphorylation through enhancing the NADH cycle, providing the intermediate metabolites that improve the myoblasts differentiation. Additionally, increased glycolytic ATP by LDHA induces Akt phosphorylation and activate the PI3K-Akt pathway, which might also contribute to the promotion of myoblasts differentiation. Our studies not only present a powerful tool for exploring myogenic regulatory factors in chicken muscle, but also identify a novel role for LDHA in modulating myoblast differentiation through its regulation of cellular NAD+ levels and subsequent downstream effects on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Orthaepedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Genghua Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shudai Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Tuanhui Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zetong Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huaqiang Wen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xun Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Afsar B, Afsar RE. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and Sarcopenia: A controversy that must be solved. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2338-2352. [PMID: 37862820 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for muscle loss and sarcopenia. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) or "gliflozins" are one of the newest anti-hyperglycemic drugs. They reduce blood glucose levels by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption in the early proximal convoluted tubule. Various randomized trials showed that SGLT2i have cardio-protective and reno-protective action. SGLT2i also affect body composition. They usually decrease body fat percentage, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, regarding the muscle mass, there are conflicting findings some studies showing detrimental effects and others showed neutral or beneficial effects. This issue is extremely important not only because of the wide use of SGLT2i around globe; but also skeletal muscle mass consumes large amounts of calories during exercise and is an important determinant of resting metabolic rate and skeletal muscle loss hinders energy consumption leading to obesity. In this systematic review, we extensively reviewed the experimental and clinical studies regarding the impact of SGLT2i on muscle mass and related metabolic alterations. Importantly, studies are heterogeneous and there is unmet need to highlight the alterations in muscle during SGLT2i use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Isparta, Turkey
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7
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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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8
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Cao J, Wang X, Advani V, Lu YW, Malizia AP, Singh GB, Huang Z, Liu J, Wang C, Oliveira EM, Mably JD, Chen K, Wang D. mt-Ty 5'tiRNA regulates skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13416. [PMID: 36756712 PMCID: PMC10392060 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sought to determine the role of tRNA-derived fragments in the regulation of gene expression during skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. We employed cell culture to examine the function of mt-Ty 5' tiRNAs. Northern blotting, RT-PCR as well as RNA-Seq, were performed to determine the effects of mt-Ty 5' tiRNA loss and gain on gene expression. Standard and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize cell and sub-cellular structures. mt-Ty 5'tiRNAs were found to be enriched in mouse skeletal muscle, showing increased levels in later developmental stages. Gapmer-mediated inhibition of tiRNAs in skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts resulted in decreased cell proliferation and myogenic differentiation; consistent with this observation, RNA-Seq, transcriptome analyses, and RT-PCR revealed that skeletal muscle cell differentiation and cell proliferation pathways were also downregulated. Conversely, overexpression of mt-Ty 5'tiRNAs in C2C12 cells led to a reversal of these transcriptional trends. These data reveal that mt-Ty 5'tiRNAs are enriched in skeletal muscle and play an important role in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Our study also highlights the potential for the development of tiRNAs as novel therapeutic targets for muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Faculty of Environment and LifeBeijing University of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vivek Advani
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrea P. Malizia
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gurinder Bir Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Zhan‐Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Vertex pharmaceuticalsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chunbo Wang
- UNC McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Edilamar M. Oliveira
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - John D. Mably
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Da‐Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
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9
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Pozzi G, Presta V, Masselli E, Condello G, Cortellazzi S, Arcari ML, Micheloni C, Vitale M, Gobbi G, Mirandola P, Carubbi C. Interplay between Protein Kinase C Epsilon and Reactive Oxygen Species during Myogenic Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:1792. [PMID: 37443826 PMCID: PMC10340168 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are currently recognized as a key driver of several physiological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that ROS levels can affect myogenic differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon (PKCe) promotes muscle stem cell differentiation and regeneration of skeletal muscle after injury. PKCs play a tissue-specific role in redox biology, with specific isoforms being both a target of ROS and an up-stream regulator of ROS production. Therefore, we hypothesized that PKCe represents a molecular link between redox homeostasis and myogenic differentiation. We used an in vitro model of a mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12) to study the PKC-redox axis. We demonstrated that the transition from a myoblast to myotube is typified by increased PKCe protein content and decreased ROS. Intriguingly, the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is significantly higher in the late phases of myogenic differentiation, mimicking PKCe protein content. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PKCe inhibition increases ROS and reduces SOD2 protein content while SOD2 silencing did not affect PKCe protein content, suggesting that the kinase could be an up-stream regulator of SOD2. To support this hypothesis, we found that in C2C12 cells, PKCe interacts with Nrf2, whose activation induces SOD2 transcription. Overall, our results indicate that PKCe is capable of activating the antioxidant signaling preventing ROS accumulation in a myotube, eventually promoting myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Valentina Presta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Elena Masselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Condello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Samuele Cortellazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Arcari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Micheloni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
- Italian Foundation for Research in Balneotherapy (FoRST), 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
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10
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Deng K, Liu Z, Su Y, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Wang F. RUNX1T1 modulates myogenic differentiation by regulating the calcium signaling pathway and the alternative splicing of ROCK2. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23044. [PMID: 37342905 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300677r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
RUNX1T1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1, translocated to 1) plays a wide-ranging and diverse role in cellular development, including hematopoiesis and adipogenesis. However, little is known about the function of RUNX1T1 in the skeletal muscle development. Here, we assessed the impact of RUNX1T1 on the proliferation and myogenic differentiation of goat primary myoblasts (GPMs). It was observed that RUNX1T1 is highly expressed during the early stages of myogenic differentiation and the fetal stage. Moreover, the knockdown of RUNX1T1 promotes the proliferation and inhibits myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of GPMs. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that significantly differentially expressed genes in RUNX1T1 knockdown cells were enriched in the calcium signaling pathway. Additionally, we discovered that RUNX1T1 regulates alternative splicing (AS) events involved in myogenesis. We also show that silencing RUNX1T1 blocked the Ca2+ -CAMK signaling pathway and reduced the expression levels of muscle-specific isoforms of recombinant rho associated coiled coil containing crotein kinase 2 (ROCK2) during myogenic differentiation, partially explaining why RUNX1T1 deficiency leads to the impairment of myotube formation. These findings suggest that RUNX1T1 is a novel regulator of myogenic differentiation that regulates the calcium signaling pathway and AS of ROCK2. Overall, our results highlight the critical role of RUNX1T1 in myogenesis and broaden our understanding of myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yalong Su
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Hu B, Zhao C, Pan X, Wei H, Mo G, Xian M, Luo W, Nie Q, Li H, Zhang X. Local GHR roles in regulation of mitochondrial function through mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:148. [PMID: 37337300 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoblast differentiation requires metabolic reprogramming driven by increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. The canonical GH-GHR-IGFs axis in liver exhibits a great complexity in response to somatic growth. However, the underlying mechanism of whether local GHR acts as a control valve to regulate mitochondrial function through mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation remains unknown. METHODS We manipulated the GHR expression in chicken primary myoblast to investigate its roles in mitochondrial biogenesis and function during myoblast differentiation. RESULTS We reported that GHR is induced during myoblast differentiation. Local GHR promoted mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation, as determined by the fluorescence intensity of Mito-Tracker Green staining and MitoTimer reporter system, the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1α, NRF1, TFAM) and mtDNA encoded gene (ND1, CYTB, COX1, ATP6), as well as mtDNA content. Consistently, local GHR enhanced mitochondrial function during myoblast differentiation, as determined by the oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level and ROS production. We next revealed that the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function by GHR depends on IGF1. In terms of the underlying mechanism, we demonstrated that IGF1 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis via PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. Additionally, GHR knockdown repressed myoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data corroborate that local GHR acts as a control valve to enhance mitochondrial function by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis via IGF1-PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway during myoblast differentiation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangchun Pan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjian Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Odame E, Li L, Nabilla JA, Cai H, Xiao M, Ye J, Chen Y, Kyei B, Dai D, Zhan S, Cao J, Guo J, Zhong T, Wang L, Zhang H. miR-145-3p Inhibits MuSCs Proliferation and Mitochondria Mass via Targeting MYBL1 in Jianzhou Big-Eared Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098341. [PMID: 37176056 PMCID: PMC10179409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle growth and injury-induced regeneration are controlled by skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) through myogenesis in postnatal animals. Meanwhile, myogenesis is accompanied by mitochondrial function and enzyme activity. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms involving non-coding RNAs including circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) remain largely unsolved. Here, we explored the myogenic roles of miR-145-3p and MYBL1 on muscle development and mitochondrial mass. We noticed that overexpression of miR-145-3p inhibited MuSCs proliferation and reduced the number of viable cells. Meanwhile, deficiency of miR-145-3p caused by LNAantimiR-145-3p or an inhibitor retarded the differentiation of MuSCs. miR-145-3p altered the mitochondrial mass in MuSCs. Moreover, miR-145-3p targeted and negatively regulated the expression of CDR1as and MYBL1. The knockdown of the MYBL1 using ASO-2'MOE modification simulated the inhibitory function of miR-145-3p on cell proliferation. Additionally, MYBL1 mediated the regulation of miR-145-3p on Vexin, VCPIP1, COX1, COX2, and Pax7. These imply that CDR1as/miR-145-3p/MYBL1/COX1, COX2, VCPIP1/Vexin expression at least partly results in a reduction in mitochondrial mass and MuSCs proliferation. These novel findings confirm the importance of mitochondrial mass during myogenesis and the boosting of muscle/meat development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odame
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Joshua Abdulai Nabilla
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - He Cai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Miao Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bismark Kyei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dinghui Dai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Hocaoglu H, Sieber M. Mitochondrial respiratory quiescence: A new model for examining the role of mitochondrial metabolism in development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 138:94-103. [PMID: 35450766 PMCID: PMC9576824 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles with a central role in all aspects of cellular metabolism. As a means to support the ever-changing demands of the cell, mitochondria produce energy, drive biosynthetic processes, maintain redox homeostasis, and function as a hub for cell signaling. While mitochondria have been widely studied for their role in disease and metabolic dysfunction, this organelle has a continually evolving role in the regulation of development, wound repair, and regeneration. Mitochondrial metabolism dynamically changes as tissues transition through distinct phases of development. These organelles support the energetic and biosynthetic demands of developing cells and function as key structures that coordinate the nutrient status of the organism with developmental progression. This review will examine the mechanisms that link mitochondria to developmental processes. We will also examine the process of mitochondrial respiratory quiescence (MRQ), a novel mechanism for regulating cellular metabolism through the biochemical and physiological remodeling of mitochondria. Lastly, we will examine MRQ as a system to discover the mechanisms that drive mitochondrial remodeling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Hocaoglu
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Matthew Sieber
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Role of SIRT3 in Microgravity Response: A New Player in Muscle Tissue Recovery. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050691. [PMID: 36899828 PMCID: PMC10000945 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Life on Earth has evolved in the presence of a gravity constraint. Any change in the value of such a constraint has important physiological effects. Gravity reduction (microgravity) alters the performance of muscle, bone and, immune systems among others. Therefore, countermeasures to limit such deleterious effects of microgravity are needed considering future Lunar and Martian missions. Our study aims to demonstrate that the activation of mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) can be exploited to reduce muscle damage and to maintain muscle differentiation following microgravity exposure. To this effect, we used a RCCS machine to simulate microgravity on ground on a muscle and cardiac cell line. During microgravity, cells were treated with a newly synthesized SIRT3 activator, called MC2791 and vitality, differentiation, ROS and, autophagy/mitophagy were measured. Our results indicate that SIRT3 activation reduces microgravity-induced cell death while maintaining the expression of muscle cell differentiation markers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that SIRT3 activation could represent a targeted molecular strategy to reduce muscle tissue damage caused by microgravity.
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Zhang Y, Beketaev I, Ma Y, Wang J. Sumoylation-deficient phosphoglycerate mutase 2 impairs myogenic differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1052363. [PMID: 36589741 PMCID: PMC9795042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1052363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (PGAM2) is a critical glycolytic enzyme that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. In humans, naturally occurring mutations in Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 have been etiologically linked to glycogen storage disease X (GSDX). Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity is regulated by several posttranslational modifications such as ubiquitination and acetylation. Here, we report that Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity is regulated by sumoylation-a covalent conjugation involved in a wide spectrum of cellular events. We found that Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 contains two primary SUMO acceptor sites, lysine (K)49 and K176, and that the mutation of either K to arginine (R) abolished Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 sumoylation. Given that K176 is more highly evolutionarily conserved across paralogs and orthologs than K49 is, we used the CRISPR-mediated homologous recombination technique in myogenic C2C12 cells to generate homozygous K176R knock-in cells (PGAM2K176R/K176R). Compared with wild-type (WT) C2C12 cells, PGAM2K176R/K176R C2C12 cells exhibited impaired myogenic differentiation, as indicated by decreased differentiation and fusion indexes. Furthermore, the results of glycolytic and mitochondrial stress assays with the XF96 Extracellular Flux analyzer revealed a reduced proton efflux rate (PER), glycolytic PER (glycoPER), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in PGAM2K176R/K176R C2C12 cells, both at baseline and in response to stress. Impaired mitochondrial function was also observed in PGAM2K176R/K176R P19 cells, a carcinoma cell line. These findings indicate that the PGAM2-K176R mutation impaired glycolysis and mitochondrial function. Gene ontology term analysis of RNA sequencing data further revealed that several downregulated genes in PGAM2K176R/K176R C2C12 cells were associated with muscle differentiation/development/contraction programs. Finally, PGAM2 with either of two naturally occurring missense mutations linked to GSDX, E89A (conversion of glutamic acid 89 to alanine) or R90W (conversion of arginine 90 to tryptophan), exhibited reduced Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 sumoylation. Thus, sumoylation is an important mechanism that mediates Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity and is potentially implicated in Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 mutation-linked disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ilimbek Beketaev
- Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,*Correspondence: Yanlin Ma, ; Jun Wang,
| | - Jun Wang
- Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Yanlin Ma, ; Jun Wang,
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Sun H, Shen L, Zhang P, Lin F, Ma J, Wu Y, Yu H, Sun L. Inhibition of High-Temperature Requirement Protein A2 Protease Activity Represses Myogenic Differentiation via UPRmt. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911761. [PMID: 36233059 PMCID: PMC9569504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles require muscle satellite cell (MuSC) differentiation to facilitate the replenishment and repair of muscle fibers. A key step in this process is called myogenic differentiation. The differentiation ability of MuSCs decreases with age and can result in sarcopenia. Although mitochondria have been reported to be involved in myogenic differentiation by promoting a bioenergetic remodeling, little is known about the interplay of mitochondrial proteostasis and myogenic differentiation. High-temperature-requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi) is a protease that regulates proteostasis in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). Mice deficient in HtrA2 protease activity show a distinct phenotype of sarcopenia. To investigate the role of IMS proteostasis during myogenic differentiation, we treated C2C12 myoblasts with UCF101, a specific inhibitor of HtrA2 during differentiation process. A key step in this process is called myogenic differentiation. The differentiation ability of MuSCs decreases with age and can result in sarcopenia. Further, CHOP, p-eIF2α, and other mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt)-related proteins are upregulated. Therefore, we suggest that imbalance of mitochondrial IMS proteostasis acts via a retrograde signaling pathway to inhibit myogenic differentiation via the UPRmt pathway. These novel mechanistic insights may have implications for the development of new strategies for the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huimei Yu
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (L.S.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9495 (H.Y. & L.S.)
| | - Liankun Sun
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (L.S.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9495 (H.Y. & L.S.)
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Lv XH, Cong XX, Nan JL, Lu XM, Zhu QL, Shen J, Wang BB, Wang ZT, Zhou RY, Chen WA, Su L, Chen X, Li ZZ, Lin YN. Anti-diabetic drug canagliflozin hinders skeletal muscle regeneration in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2651-2665. [PMID: 35217814 PMCID: PMC9525290 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Canagliflozin is an antidiabetic medicine that inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in proximal tubules. Recently, it was reported to have several noncanonical effects other than SGLT2 inhibiting. However, the effects of canagliflozin on skeletal muscle regeneration remain largely unexplored. Thus, in vivo muscle contractile properties recovery in mice ischemic lower limbs following gliflozins treatment was evaluated. The C2C12 myoblast differentiation after gliflozins treatment was also assessed in vitro. As a result, both in vivo and in vitro data indicate that canagliflozin impairs intrinsic myogenic regeneration, thus hindering ischemic limb muscle contractile properties, fatigue resistance recovery, and tissue regeneration. Mitochondrial structure and activity are both disrupted by canagliflozin in myoblasts. Single-cell RNA sequencing of ischemic tibialis anterior reveals a decrease in leucyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (LARS2) in muscle stem cells attributable to canagliflozin. Further investigation explicates the noncanonical function of LARS2, which plays pivotal roles in regulating myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration by affecting mitochondrial structure and activity. Enhanced expression of LARS2 restores the differentiation of canagliflozin-treated myoblasts, and accelerates ischemic skeletal muscle regeneration in canagliflozin-treated mice. Our data suggest that canagliflozin directly impairs ischemic skeletal muscle recovery in mice by downregulating LARS2 expression in muscle stem cells, and that LARS2 may be a promising therapeutic target for injured skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Huang Lv
- Research Institute of Experimental Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Cong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Liang Nan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xing-Mei Lu
- Provincial Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qian-Li Zhu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhi-Ting Wang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ri-Yong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei-An Chen
- Research Institute of Experimental Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lan Su
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Zheng-Zheng Li
- Research Institute of Experimental Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Yi-Nuo Lin
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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18
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Flierl A, Schriner SE, Hancock S, Coskun PE, Wallace DC. The mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporters in myogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:312-327. [PMID: 35714845 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenine Nucleotide Translocator isoforms (ANTs) exchange ADP/ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane, are also voltage-activated proton channels and regulate mitophagy and apoptosis. The ANT1 isoform predominates in heart and muscle while ANT2 is systemic. Here, we report the creation of Ant mutant mouse myoblast cell lines with normal Ant1 and Ant2 genes, deficient in either Ant1 or Ant2, and deficient in both the Ant1 and Ant2 genes. These cell lines are immortal under permissive conditions (IFN-γ + serum at 32 °C) permitting expansion but return to normal myoblasts that can be differentiated into myotubes at 37 °C. With this system we were able to complement our Ant1 mutant studies by demonstrating that ANT2 is important for myoblast to myotube differentiation and myotube mitochondrial respiration. ANT2 is also important in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defenses. ANT2 is also associated with increased oxidative stress response and modulation for Ca++ sequestration and activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mtPTP) pore during cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Flierl
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Samuel E Schriner
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Saege Hancock
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Pinar E Coskun
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
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19
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Zumbaugh MD, Johnson SE, Shi TH, Gerrard DE. Molecular and biochemical regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6652332. [PMID: 35908794 PMCID: PMC9339271 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a culmination of catabolic and anabolic processes that are interwoven into major metabolic pathways, and as such modulation of skeletal muscle metabolism may have implications on animal growth efficiency. Muscle is composed of a heterogeneous population of muscle fibers that can be classified by metabolism (oxidative or glycolytic) and contractile speed (slow or fast). Although slow fibers (type I) rely heavily on oxidative metabolism, presumably to fuel long or continuous bouts of work, fast fibers (type IIa, IIx, and IIb) vary in their metabolic capability and can range from having a high oxidative capacity to a high glycolytic capacity. The plasticity of muscle permits continuous adaptations to changing intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli that can shift the classification of muscle fibers, which has implications on fiber size, nutrient utilization, and protein turnover rate. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the major metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and the associated regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Zumbaugh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Tim H Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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20
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Trewin AJ, Silver J, Dillon HT, Della Gatta PA, Parker L, Hiam DS, Lee YP, Richardson M, Wadley GD, Lamon S. Long non-coding RNA Tug1 modulates mitochondrial and myogenic responses to exercise in skeletal muscle. BMC Biol 2022; 20:164. [PMID: 35850762 PMCID: PMC9295458 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria have an essential role in regulating metabolism and integrate environmental and physiological signals to affect processes such as cellular bioenergetics and response to stress. In the metabolically active skeletal muscle, mitochondrial biogenesis is one important component contributing to a broad set of mitochondrial adaptations occurring in response to signals, which converge on the biogenesis transcriptional regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and is central to the beneficial effects of exercise in skeletal muscle. We investigated the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), which interacts with PGC-1α in regulating transcriptional responses to exercise in skeletal muscle. Results In human skeletal muscle, TUG1 gene expression was upregulated post-exercise and was also positively correlated with the increase in PGC-1α gene expression (PPARGC1A). Tug1 knockdown (KD) in differentiating mouse myotubes led to decreased Ppargc1a gene expression, impaired mitochondrial respiration and morphology, and enhanced myosin heavy chain slow isoform protein expression. In response to a Ca2+-mediated stimulus, Tug1 KD prevented an increase in Ppargc1a expression. RNA sequencing revealed that Tug1 KD impacted mitochondrial Ca2+ transport genes and several downstream PGC-1α targets. Finally, Tug1 KD modulated the expression of ~300 genes that were upregulated in response to an in vitro model of exercise in myotubes, including genes involved in regulating myogenesis. Conclusions We found that TUG1 is upregulated in human skeletal muscle after a single session of exercise, and mechanistically, Tug1 regulates transcriptional networks associated with mitochondrial calcium handling, muscle differentiation and myogenesis. These data demonstrate that lncRNA Tug1 exerts regulation over fundamental aspects of skeletal muscle biology and response to exercise stimuli. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01366-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Jessica Silver
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Hayley T Dillon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Human Integrated Physiology and Sports Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Danielle S Hiam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yin Peng Lee
- Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Richardson
- Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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21
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Cioffi F, Giacco A, Goglia F, Silvestri E. Bioenergetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Actions of Thyroid Hormones. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060997. [PMID: 35326451 PMCID: PMC8947633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known, but there is also much more to discover, about the actions that thyroid hormones (TH) exert on metabolism. Indeed, despite the fact that thyroid hormones are recognized as one of the most important regulators of metabolic rate, much remains to be clarified on which mechanisms control/regulate these actions. Given their actions on energy metabolism and that mitochondria are the main cellular site where metabolic transformations take place, these organelles have been the subject of extensive investigations. In relatively recent times, new knowledge concerning both thyroid hormones (such as the mechanisms of action, the existence of metabolically active TH derivatives) and the mechanisms of energy transduction such as (among others) dynamics, respiratory chain organization in supercomplexes and cristes organization, have opened new pathways of investigation in the field of the control of energy metabolism and of the mechanisms of action of TH at cellular level. In this review, we highlight the knowledge and approaches about the complex relationship between TH, including some of their derivatives, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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22
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Zhao L, Law NC, Gomez NA, Son J, Gao Y, Liu X, de Avila JM, Zhu M, Du M. Obesity Impairs Embryonic Myogenesis by Enhancing BMP Signaling within the Dermomyotome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102157. [PMID: 34647690 PMCID: PMC8596142 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy leads to adverse health outcomes in offspring. However, the initial effects of maternal obesity (MO) on embryonic organogenesis have yet to be thoroughly examined. Using unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analyses (scRNA-seq), the effects of MO on the myogenic process is investigated in embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) mouse embryos. The results suggest that MO induces systematic hypoxia, which is correlated with enhanced BMP signaling and impairs skeletal muscle differentiation within the dermomyotome (DM). The Notch-signaling effectors, HES1 and HEY1, which also act down-stream of BMP signaling, suppress myogenic differentiation through transcriptionally repressing the important myogenic regulator MEF2C. Moreover, the major hypoxia effector, HIF1A, enhances expression of HES1 and HEY1 and blocks myogenic differentiation in vitro. In summary, this data demonstrate that MO induces hypoxia and impairs myogenic differentiation by up-regulating BMP signaling within the DM, which may account for the disruptions of skeletal muscle development and function in progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Sciencesand School of Molecular BioscienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
- Department of Animal SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | - Nathan C. Law
- Department of Animal SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
- Center for Reproductive BiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | - Noe A. Gomez
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Sciencesand School of Molecular BioscienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
- Department of Animal SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | - Junseok Son
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Sciencesand School of Molecular BioscienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
- Department of Animal SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | - Yao Gao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Sciencesand School of Molecular BioscienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
- Department of Animal SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Sciencesand School of Molecular BioscienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
- Department of Animal SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | - Jeanene M. de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Sciencesand School of Molecular BioscienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
- Department of Animal SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | - Mei‐Jun Zhu
- School of Food ScienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Sciencesand School of Molecular BioscienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
- Department of Animal SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
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23
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Luo N, Yue F, Jia Z, Chen J, Deng Q, Zhao Y, Kuang S. Reduced electron transport chain complex I protein abundance and function in Mfn2-deficient myogenic progenitors lead to oxidative stress and mitochondria swelling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21426. [PMID: 33749882 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial remodeling through fusion and fission is crucial for progenitor cell differentiation but its role in myogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we characterized the function of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein critical for mitochondrial fusion, in muscle progenitor cells (myoblasts). Mfn2 expression is upregulated during myoblast differentiation in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo. Targeted deletion of Mfn2 gene in myoblasts (Mfn2MKO ) increases oxygen-consumption rates (OCR) associated with the maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Skeletal muscles of Mfn2MKO mice exhibit robust mitochondrial swelling with normal mitochondrial DNA content. Additionally, mitochondria isolated from Mfn2MKO muscles have reduced OCR at basal state and for complex I respiration, associated with decreased levels of complex I proteins NDUFB8 (NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8) and NDUFS3 (NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S3). However, Mfn2MKO has no obvious effects on myoblast differentiation, muscle development and function, and muscle regeneration. These results demonstrate a novel role of Mfn2 in regulating mitochondrial complex I protein abundance and respiratory functions in myogenic progenitors and myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjian Luo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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24
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Blum J, Epstein R, Watts S, Thalacker-Mercer A. Importance of Nutrient Availability and Metabolism for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Front Physiol 2021; 12:696018. [PMID: 34335302 PMCID: PMC8322985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.696018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is fundamentally important for quality of life. Deterioration of skeletal muscle, such as that observed with advancing age, chronic disease, and dystrophies, is associated with metabolic and functional decline. Muscle stem/progenitor cells promote the maintenance of skeletal muscle composition (balance of muscle mass, fat, and fibrotic tissues) and are essential for the regenerative response to skeletal muscle damage. It is increasing recognized that nutrient and metabolic determinants of stem/progenitor cell function exist and are potential therapeutic targets to improve regenerative outcomes and muscle health. This review will focus on current understanding as well as key gaps in knowledge and challenges around identifying and understanding nutrient and metabolic determinants of skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Blum
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rebekah Epstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anna Thalacker-Mercer
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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25
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Ludikhuize MC, Rodríguez Colman MJ. Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cells and Differentiation: A Forkhead Box O Transcription Factor Perspective. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1004-1024. [PMID: 32847377 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Stem cell activation and differentiation occur along changes in cellular metabolism. Metabolic transitions translate into changes in redox balance, cell signaling, and epigenetics, thereby regulating these processes. Metabolic transitions are key regulators of cell fate and exemplify the moonlighting nature of many metabolic enzymes and their associated metabolites. Recent Advances: Forkhead box O transcription factors (FOXOs) are bona fide regulators of cellular homeostasis. FOXOs are multitasking proteins able to regulate cell cycle, cellular metabolism, and redox state. Recent and ongoing research poses FOXOs as key factors in stem cell maintenance and differentiation in several tissues. Critical Issues: The multitasking nature of FOXOs and their tissue-specific expression patterns hinders to disclose a possible conserved mechanism of regulation of stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Moreover, cellular metabolism, cell signaling, and epigenetics establish complex regulatory interactions, which challenge the establishment of the causal/temporal nature of metabolic changes and stem cell activation and differentiation. Future Directions: The development of single-cell technologies and in vitro models able to reproduce the dynamics of stem cell differentiation are actively contributing to define the role of metabolism in this process. This knowledge is key to understanding and designing therapies for those pathologies where the balance between proliferation and differentiation is lost. Importantly, metabolic interventions could be applied to optimize stem cell cultures meant for therapeutical applications, such as transplantations, to treat autoimmune and degenerative disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1004-1024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Corine Ludikhuize
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - María José Rodríguez Colman
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Chabi B, Hennani H, Cortade F, Wrutniak-Cabello C. Characterization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes involved in the regulation of myoblast differentiation. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1676-1684. [PMID: 33764610 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During myoblast differentiation, mitochondria undergo numerous changes that are necessary for the progression of the myogenic program. Notably, we previously showed that alteration in mitochondrial activity was able to control the expression of keys regulator of cell cycle withdrawal and terminal differentiation. Here, we assessed whether inhibition of one of the respiratory complexes was a key factor in the regulation of myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells, and was associated with alteration in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. C2C12 cells were treated from proliferation to differentiation with specific inhibitors of mitochondrial complexes at a concentration that were inhibiting respiration but not altering cell morphology. Proliferation was significantly repressed with inhibition of complexes I, II, and III, or mitochondrial protein synthesis (using Chloramphenicol treatment), while complex IV inhibition did not alter myoblast proliferation compared to control cells. Moreover, inhibition of complexes I and II altered cell cycle regulators, with p21 protein expression upregulated since proliferation and p27 protein expression reduced at differentiation. Myotubes formation and myogenin expression were blunted with complexes I and II inhibitors while MyoD protein expression was maintained, suggesting an alteration in its transcriptional activity. Finally, a decrease in overall ROS production was observed with continuous inhibition of mitochondrial complexes I-IV. In summary, our data provide evidence that complexes I and II may be the primary regulators of C2C12 myogenic differentiation. This occurs through specific regulation of myogenic rather than cell cycle regulators expression and ROS production at mitochondrial rather than cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Chabi
- DMEM, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Hanane Hennani
- DMEM, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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27
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Zocchi M, Béchet D, Mazur A, Maier JA, Castiglioni S. Magnesium Influences Membrane Fusion during Myogenesis by Modulating Oxidative Stress in C2C12 Myoblasts. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041049. [PMID: 33804939 PMCID: PMC8063816 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is essential to skeletal muscle where it plays a key role in myofiber relaxation. Although the importance of Mg in the mature skeletal muscle is well established, little is known about the role of Mg in myogenesis. We studied the effects of low and high extracellular Mg in C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Non-physiological Mg concentrations induce oxidative stress in myoblasts. The increase of reactive oxygen species, which occurs during the early phase of the differentiation process, inhibits myoblast membrane fusion, thus impairing myogenesis. Therefore, correct Mg homeostasis, also maintained through a correct dietary intake, is essential to assure the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Daniel Béchet
- INRAE, UNH, Unitéde Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.B.); (A.M.)
| | - André Mazur
- INRAE, UNH, Unitéde Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Creatine Supplementation, Physical Exercise and Oxidative Stress Markers: A Review of the Mechanisms and Effectiveness. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030869. [PMID: 33800880 PMCID: PMC8000194 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their elimination by antioxidant mechanisms. ROS degrade biogenic substances such as deoxyribonucleic acid, lipids, and proteins, which in turn may lead to oxidative tissue damage. One of the physiological conditions currently associated with enhanced oxidative stress is exercise. Although a period of intense training may cause oxidative damage to muscle fibers, regular exercise helps increase the cells' ability to reduce the ROS over-accumulation. Regular moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to increase antioxidant defense. Endogenous antioxidants cannot completely prevent oxidative damage under the physiological and pathological conditions (intense exercise and exercise at altitude). These conditions may disturb the endogenous antioxidant balance and increase oxidative stress. In this case, the use of antioxidant supplements such as creatine can have positive effects on the antioxidant system. Creatine is made up of two essential amino acids, arginine and methionine, and one non-essential amino acid, glycine. The exact action mechanism of creatine as an antioxidant is not known. However, it has been shown to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the capability to eliminate ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It seems that the antioxidant effects of creatine may be due to various mechanisms such as its indirect (i.e., increased or normalized cell energy status) and direct (i.e., maintaining mitochondrial integrity) mechanisms. Creatine supplement consumption may have a synergistic effect with training, but the intensity and duration of training can play an important role in the antioxidant activity. In this study, the researchers attempted to review the literature on the effects of creatine supplementation and physical exercise on oxidative stress.
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Kourakis S, Timpani CA, de Haan JB, Gueven N, Fischer D, Rybalka E. Targeting Nrf2 for the treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101803. [PMID: 33246292 PMCID: PMC7695875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in redox homeostasis can result in oxidative stress, which is implicated in various pathological conditions including the fatal neuromuscular disease Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a complicated disease, with many druggable targets at the cellular and molecular level including calcium-mediated muscle degeneration; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; inflammation; insufficient muscle regeneration and dysregulated protein and organelle maintenance. Previous investigative therapeutics tended to isolate and focus on just one of these targets and, consequently, therapeutic activity has been limited. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that upregulates many cytoprotective gene products in response to oxidants and other toxic stressors. Unlike other strategies, targeted Nrf2 activation has the potential to simultaneously modulate separate pathological features of DMD to amplify therapeutic benefits. Here, we review the literature providing theoretical context for targeting Nrf2 as a disease modifying treatment against DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kourakis
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Developmental- and Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Emma Rybalka
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
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Félix LM, Luzio A, Antunes L, Coimbra AM, Valentim AM. Malformations and mortality in zebrafish early stages associated with elevated caspase activity after 24 h exposure to MS-222. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 412:115385. [PMID: 33370555 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is a commonly used anaesthetic agent for immobilization of aquatic species. However, delayed development and malformations have been observed in 24 hpf (hours post-fertilization) zebrafish embryos after long-term immobilization. Still, no comprehensive study has been described regarding zebrafish exposure to MS-222 during the first hours of development, which are one of the most sensitive life stages to toxicants. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the toxicity of a 24 h exposure to MS-222 on zebrafish embryonic development. Based on the MS-222 LC50, early blastula stage embryos (~2 hpf) were exposed to 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg L-1 for 24 h and then allowed to develop up to 144 hpf. The chromatographic analysis showed that this anaesthetic agent bioaccumulates in 26 hpf zebrafish larvae in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, increased mortalities and skeletal abnormalities were observed at 144 hpf, namely in the highest tested concentration. Yet, no craniofacial anomalies were observed either by alcian blue or calcein staining methods. Independently of the tested concentration, decreased speed and distance travelled were perceived in 144 hpf larvae. At the biochemical level, decreased in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis was observed. Additionally, catalase activity was increased at 26 hpf while results of mRNA expression showed a decreased gclc transcript content at the same time-point. Overall, data obtained highlight the toxicological risk of MS-222 and support ROS-mediated cell death signalling changes through the elevation of catalase activity as an adaptative or protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M Félix
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Laboratory Animal Science, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana M Coimbra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana M Valentim
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Laboratory Animal Science, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Cairns G, Thumiah-Mootoo M, Burelle Y, Khacho M. Mitophagy: A New Player in Stem Cell Biology. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E481. [PMID: 33352783 PMCID: PMC7766552 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental importance of functional mitochondria in the survival of most eukaryotic cells, through regulation of bioenergetics, cell death, calcium dynamics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, is undisputed. However, with new avenues of research in stem cell biology these organelles have now emerged as signaling entities, actively involved in many aspects of stem cell functions, including self-renewal, commitment and differentiation. With this recent knowledge, it becomes evident that regulatory pathways that would ensure the maintenance of mitochondria with state-specific characteristics and the selective removal of organelles with sub-optimal functions must play a pivotal role in stem cells. As such, mitophagy, as an essential mitochondrial quality control mechanism, is beginning to gain appreciation within the stem cell field. Here we review and discuss recent advances in our knowledge pertaining to the roles of mitophagy in stem cell functions and the potential contributions of this specific quality control process on to the progression of aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cairns
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 7K4, Canada;
| | - Madhavee Thumiah-Mootoo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Yan Burelle
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 7K4, Canada;
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Benlebna M, Balas L, Pessemesse L, Bonafos B, Fouret G, Pavlin L, Goustard B, Gaillet S, Durand T, Coudray C, Feillet-Coudray C, Casas F. FAHFAs Regulate the Proliferation of C2C12 Myoblasts and Induce a Shift toward a More Oxidative Phenotype in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239046. [PMID: 33260741 PMCID: PMC7729663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Since skeletal muscle is a major target for insulin, the aim of this study is to explore for the first time the influence of several FAHFAs in C2C12 myoblasts and in skeletal muscle phenotype in mice. Here, we show that eleven FAHFAs belonging to different families inhibit C2C12 myoblast proliferation. In addition, all FAHFAs decreased mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity without affecting reactive oxygen species production and the mitochondrial network. During C2C12 myoblasts differentiation, we found that two of the most active lipids, 9-PAHPA and 9-OAHPA, did not significantly affect the fusion index and the expression of myosin heavy chains. However, we found that three months’ intake of 9-PAHPA or 9-OAHPA in mice increased the expression of more oxidative myosin in skeletal muscle without affecting skeletal muscle mass, number, and mean fiber area, mitochondrial activity, and oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, our study indicated that the eleven FAHFAs tested decreased the proliferation rate of C2C12 myoblasts, probably through the inhibition of mitochondrial activity. In addition, we found that 9-PAHPA or 9-OAHPA supplementation in mice induced a switch toward a more oxidative contractile phenotype of skeletal muscle. These data suggest that the increase in insulin sensitivity previously described for these two FAHFAs is of muscular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melha Benlebna
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
| | - Laurence Balas
- IBMM (Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron), CNRS, ENSCM, University Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Laurence Pessemesse
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
| | - Béatrice Bonafos
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
| | - Gilles Fouret
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
| | - Laura Pavlin
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
| | - Bénédicte Goustard
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
| | - Sylvie Gaillet
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM (Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron), CNRS, ENSCM, University Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Charles Coudray
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
| | - François Casas
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme), INRAE, University Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.P.); (B.B.); (G.F.); (L.P.); (B.G.); (S.G.); (C.C.); (C.F.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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Levitt DE, Chalapati N, Prendergast MJ, Simon L, Molina PE. Ethanol-Impaired Myogenic Differentiation is Associated With Decreased Myoblast Glycolytic Function. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2166-2176. [PMID: 32945016 PMCID: PMC7680427 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopathy affects nearly half of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and impaired skeletal muscle regenerative potential is a probable contributing factor. Previous findings from our laboratory indicate that chronic in vivo and in vitro ethanol (EtOH) treatment decreases myogenic potential of skeletal muscle myoblasts. Myogenesis, a highly coordinated process, requires shifts in cellular metabolic state allowing for myoblasts to proliferate and differentiate into mature myotubes. The objective of this study was to determine whether alcohol interferes with myoblast mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism and impairs myogenic differentiation. METHODS Myoblasts were isolated from vastus lateralis muscle excised from alcohol-naïve adult male (n = 5) and female (n = 5) rhesus macaques. Myoblasts were proliferated for 3 days (day 0 differentiation; D0) and differentiated for 5 days (D5) with or without 50 mM EtOH. Metabolism was assessed using a mitochondrial stress test to measure oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification (ECAR) rates at D0. Differentiation was examined at D5. Expression of mitochondrial and glycolytic genes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was measured at D0 and D5. RESULTS Ethanol significantly (p < 0.05) increased myoblast maximal OCR and decreased ECAR at D0, and decreased fusion index, myotubes per field, and total nuclei at D5. The EtOH-induced decrease in ECAR was associated with the EtOH-mediated decreases in fusion index and myotubes per field. EtOH did not alter the decrease in glycolytic gene expression and increase in mtDNA from D0 to D5. CONCLUSION During myoblast proliferation, EtOH decreased glycolytic metabolism and increased maximal OCR, suggesting that myoblast metabolic phenotype was dysregulated with EtOH. The EtOH-induced decrease in ECAR was associated with decreased differentiation. These findings suggest that EtOH-mediated shifts in metabolic phenotype may underlie impaired differentiation, which has important clinical implications for myogenesis in those affected by alcoholic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Levitt
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Naveena Chalapati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Matthew J. Prendergast
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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Bhattacharya D, Scimè A. Mitochondrial Function in Muscle Stem Cell Fates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:480. [PMID: 32612995 PMCID: PMC7308489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is also integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. Recently, a role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. Mitochondrial function is associated with maintaining and dictating SC fates, linked to metabolic programming during quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Notably, mitochondrial adaptation might take place to alter SC fates and function in the presence of different environmental cues. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Bhattacharya
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Scimè
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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EDMD-Causing Emerin Mutant Myogenic Progenitors Exhibit Impaired Differentiation Using Similar Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061463. [PMID: 32549231 PMCID: PMC7349064 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding emerin (EMD) cause Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD1), an inherited disorder characterized by progressive skeletal muscle wasting, irregular heart rhythms and contractures of major tendons. The skeletal muscle defects seen in EDMD are caused by failure of muscle stem cells to differentiate and regenerate the damaged muscle. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Most EDMD1 patients harbor nonsense mutations and have no detectable emerin protein. There are three EDMD-causing emerin mutants (S54F, Q133H, and Δ95–99) that localize correctly to the nuclear envelope and are expressed at wildtype levels. We hypothesized these emerin mutants would share in the disruption of key molecular pathways involved in myogenic differentiation. We generated myogenic progenitors expressing wildtype emerin and each EDMD1-causing emerin mutation (S54F, Q133H, Δ95–99) in an emerin-null (EMD−/y) background. S54F, Q133H, and Δ95–99 failed to rescue EMD−/y myogenic differentiation, while wildtype emerin efficiently rescued differentiation. RNA sequencing was done to identify pathways and networks important for emerin regulation of myogenic differentiation. This analysis significantly reduced the number of pathways implicated in EDMD1 muscle pathogenesis.
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Apoptosome-dependent myotube formation involves activation of caspase-3 in differentiating myoblasts. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:308. [PMID: 32366831 PMCID: PMC7198528 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2, -9, and -3 are reported to control myoblast differentiation into myotubes. This had been previously explained by phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic myoblasts inducing differentiation in neighboring cells. Here we show for the first time that caspase-3 is activated in the myoblasts undergoing differentiation. Using RNAi, we also demonstrate that differentiation requires both cytochrome c and Apaf-1, and by using a new pharmacological approach, we show that apoptosome formation is required. We also show that Bid, whose cleavage links caspase-2 to the mitochondrial death pathway, was required for differentiation, and that the caspase cleavage product, tBid, was generated during differentiation. Taken together, these data suggest that myoblast differentiation requires caspase-2 activation of the mitochondrial death pathway, and that this occurs in the cells that differentiate. Our data also reveal a hierarchy of caspases in differentiation with caspase-2 upstream of apoptosome activation, and exerting a more profound control of differentiation, while caspases downstream of the apoptosome primarily control cell fusion.
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Hansen JM, Jones DP, Harris C. The Redox Theory of Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:715-740. [PMID: 31891515 PMCID: PMC7047088 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The geological record shows that as atmospheric O2 levels increased, it concomitantly coincided with the evolution of metazoans. More complex, higher organisms contain a more cysteine-rich proteome, potentially as a means to regulate homeostatic responses in a more O2-rich environment. Regulation of redox-sensitive processes to control development is likely to be evolutionarily conserved. Recent Advances: During early embryonic development, the conceptus is exposed to varying levels of O2. Oxygen and redox-sensitive elements can be regulated to promote normal development, defined as changes to cellular mass, morphology, biochemistry, and function, suggesting that O2 is a developmental morphogen. During periods of O2 fluctuation, embryos are "reprogrammed," on the genomic and metabolic levels. Reprogramming imparts changes to particular redox couples (nodes) that would support specific post-translational modifications (PTMs), targeting the cysteine proteome to regulate protein function and development. Critical Issues: Major developmental events such as stem cell expansion, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell fate decisions are controlled through oxidative PTMs of cysteine-based redox nodes. As such, timely coordinated redox regulation of these events yields normal developmental outcomes and viable species reproduction. Disruption of normal redox signaling can produce adverse developmental outcomes. Future Directions: Furthering our understanding of the redox-sensitive processes/pathways, the nature of the regulatory PTMs involved in development and periods of activation/sensitivity to specific developmental pathways would greatly support the theory of redox regulation of development, and would also provide rationale and direction to more fully comprehend poor developmental outcomes, such as dysmorphogenesis, functional deficits, and preterm embryonic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig Harris
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Horibata Y, Mitsuhashi S, Shimizu H, Maejima S, Sakamoto H, Aoyama C, Ando H, Sugimoto H. The phosphatidylcholine transfer protein StarD7 is important for myogenic differentiation in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and human primary skeletal myoblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2845. [PMID: 32071354 PMCID: PMC7029042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
StarD7 is a phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific lipid transfer protein essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial PC composition, morphogenesis, and respiration. Here, we studied the role of StarD7 in skeletal myoblast differentiation using mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and human primary myoblasts. Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy revealed that StarD7 was distributed in the cytosol, inner mitochondria space, and outer leaflet of the outer mitochondrial membrane in C2C12 cells. Unlike human kidney embryonic cell line HEK293 cells, the mitochondrial proteinase PARL was not involved in the processing and maturation of StarD7 in C2C12 cells. StarD7 was constantly expressed during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of StarD7 in C2C12 cells and human primary myoblasts significantly impaired myogenic differentiation and reduced the expression of myomaker, myomerger and PGC-1α. The reduction in mitochondrial PC levels and oxygen consumption rates, decreased expression of myomaker, myomerger and PGC-1α, as well as impaired myogenic differentiation, were completely restored when the protein was reintroduced into StarD7-knockout C2C12 cells. These results suggest that StarD7 is important for skeletal myogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Horibata
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Sho Maejima
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Chieko Aoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ando
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
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Gothié J, Vancamp P, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of neural stem cell fate: From development to ageing. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13316. [PMID: 31121082 PMCID: PMC9286394 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the vertebrate brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate both neuronal and glial cells throughout life. However, their neuro‐ and gliogenic capacity changes as a function of the developmental context. Despite the growing body of evidence on the variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating NSC physiology, their precise cellular and molecular actions are not fully determined. Our review focuses on thyroid hormone (TH), a vital component for both development and adult brain function that regulates NSC biology at all stages. First, we review comparative data to analyse how TH modulates neuro‐ and gliogenesis during vertebrate brain development. Second, as the mammalian brain is the most studied, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying TH action in this context. Lastly, we explore how the interplay between TH signalling and cell metabolism governs both neurodevelopmental and adult neurogenesis. We conclude that, together, TH and cellular metabolism regulate optimal brain formation, maturation and function from early foetal life to adult in vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐David Gothié
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute & Hospital, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | | | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
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Ciuffoli V, Lena AM, Gambacurta A, Melino G, Candi E. Myoblasts rely on TAp63 to control basal mitochondria respiration. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3558-3573. [PMID: 30487319 PMCID: PMC6286837 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
p53, with its family members p63 and p73, have been shown to promote myoblast differentiation by regulation of the function of the retinoblastoma protein and by direct activation of p21Cip/Waf1 and p57Kip2, promoting cell cycle exit. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that the TAp63γ isoform is the only member of the p53 family that accumulates during in vitro myoblasts differentiation, and that its silencing led to delay in myotube fusion. To better dissect the role of TAp63γ in myoblast physiology, we have generated both sh-p63 and Tet-On inducible TAp63γ clones. Gene array analysis of sh-p63 C2C7 clones showed a significant modulation of genes involved in proliferation and cellular metabolism. Indeed, we found that sh-p63 C2C7 myoblasts present a higher proliferation rate and that, conversely, TAp63γ ectopic expression decreases myoblasts proliferation, indicating that TAp63γ specifically contributes to myoblasts proliferation, independently of p53 and p73. In addition, sh-p63 cells have a defect in mitochondria respiration highlighted by a reduction in spare respiratory capacity and a decrease in complex I, IV protein levels. These results demonstrated that, beside contributing to cell cycle exit, TAp63γ participates to myoblasts metabolism control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ciuffoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry laboratory, Rome, Italy
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41
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Regulation of mitochondrial activity controls the duration of skeletal muscle regeneration in response to injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12249. [PMID: 31439911 PMCID: PMC6706433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a major regulator of skeletal muscle development and repair, and also a key regulator of mitochondrial activity. We have previously identified a 43 kDa truncated form of the nuclear T3 receptor TRα1 (p43) which stimulates mitochondrial activity and regulates skeletal muscle features. However, its role in skeletal muscle regeneration remains to be addressed. To this end, we performed acute muscle injury induced by cardiotoxin in mouse tibialis in two mouse models where p43 is overexpressed in or depleted from skeletal muscle. The measurement of muscle fiber size distribution at different time point (up to 70 days) upon injury lead us to unravel requirement of the p43 signaling pathway for satellite cells dependent muscle regeneration; strongly delayed in the absence of p43; whereas the overexpression of the receptor enhances of the regeneration process. In addition, we found that satellite cells derived from p43-Tg mice display higher proliferation rates when cultured in vitro when compared to control myoblasts, whereas p43-/- satellites shows reduced proliferation capacity. These finding strongly support that p43 plays an important role in vivo by controling the duration of skeletal muscle regeneration after acute injury, possibly through the regulation of mitochondrial activity and myoblasts proliferation.
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42
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Mohiuddin M, Lee NH, Moon JY, Han WM, Anderson SE, Choi JJ, Shin E, Nakhai SA, Tran T, Aliya B, Kim DY, Gerold A, Hansen LM, Taylor WR, Jang YC. Critical Limb Ischemia Induces Remodeling of Skeletal Muscle Motor Unit, Myonuclear-, and Mitochondrial-Domains. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9551. [PMID: 31266969 PMCID: PMC6606576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia, the most severe form of peripheral artery disease, leads to extensive damage and alterations to skeletal muscle homeostasis. Although recent research has investigated the tissue-specific responses to ischemia, the role of the muscle stem cell in the regeneration of its niche components within skeletal muscle has been limited. To elucidate the regenerative mechanism of the muscle stem cell in response to ischemic insults, we explored cellular interactions between the vasculature, neural network, and muscle fiber within the muscle stem cell niche. Using a surgical murine hindlimb ischemia model, we first discovered a significant increase in subsynaptic nuclei and remodeling of the neuromuscular junction following ischemia-induced denervation. In addition, ischemic injury causes significant alterations to the myofiber through a muscle stem cell-mediated accumulation of total myonuclei and a concomitant decrease in myonuclear domain size, possibly to enhance the transcriptional and translation output and restore muscle mass. Results also revealed an accumulation of total mitochondrial content per myonucleus in ischemic myofibers to compensate for impaired mitochondrial function and high turnover rate. Taken together, the findings from this study suggest that the muscle stem cell plays a role in motor neuron reinnervation, myonuclear accretion, and mitochondrial biogenesis for skeletal muscle regeneration following ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Mohiuddin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Nan Hee Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - June Young Moon
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shannon E Anderson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeongmoon J Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Eunjung Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shadi A Nakhai
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Thu Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Berna Aliya
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Do Young Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Aimee Gerold
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Laura M Hansen
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Young C Jang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Govoni KE, Reed SA, Zinn SA. CELL BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: METABOLIC RESPONSES TO STRESS: FROM ANIMAL TO CELL: Poor maternal nutrition during gestation: effects on offspring whole-body and tissue-specific metabolism in livestock species1,2. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3142-3152. [PMID: 31070226 PMCID: PMC6606510 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition, both restricted-feeding and overfeeding, during gestation can negatively affect offspring growth, body composition, and metabolism. The effects are observed as early as the prenatal period and often persist through postnatal growth and adulthood. There is evidence of multigenerational effects demonstrating the long-term negative impacts on livestock production. We and others have demonstrated that poor maternal nutrition impairs muscle growth, increases adipose tissue, and negatively affects liver function. In addition to altered growth, changes in key metabolic factors, increased glucose concentrations, insulin insensitivity, and hyperleptinemia are observed during the postnatal period. Furthermore, there is recent evidence of altered metabolism in specific tissues (e.g., muscle, adipose, and liver) and stem cells. The systemic and local changes in metabolism demonstrate the importance of determining the mechanism(s) by which maternal diet programs offspring growth and metabolism in an effort to develop novel management practices to improve the efficiency of growth and health in these offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Sarah A Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Steven A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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44
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Chattergoon NN. Thyroid hormone signaling and consequences for cardiac development. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:T145-T160. [PMID: 31117055 PMCID: PMC6613780 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The fetal heart undergoes its own growth and maturation stages all while supplying blood and nutrients to the growing fetus and its organs. Immature contractile cardiomyocytes proliferate to rapidly increase and establish cardiomyocyte endowment in the perinatal period. Maturational changes in cellular maturation, size and biochemical capabilities occur, and require, a changing hormonal environment as the fetus prepares itself for the transition to extrauterine life. Thyroid hormone has long been known to be important for neuronal development, but also for fetal size and survival. Fetal circulating 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels surge near term in mammals and are responsible for maturation of several organ systems, including the heart. Growth factors like insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulate proliferation of fetal cardiomyocytes, while thyroid hormone has been shown to inhibit proliferation and drive maturation of the cells. Several cell signaling pathways appear to be involved in this complicated and coordinated process. The aim of this review was to discuss the foundational studies of thyroid hormone physiology and the mechanisms responsible for its actions as we speculate on potential fetal programming effects for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N Chattergoon
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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45
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Cytoplasmic sequestration of the RhoA effector mDiaphanous1 by Prohibitin2 promotes muscle differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8302. [PMID: 31165762 PMCID: PMC6549159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle differentiation is controlled by adhesion and growth factor-dependent signalling through common effectors that regulate muscle-specific transcriptional programs. Here we report that mDiaphanous1, an effector of adhesion-dependent RhoA-signalling, negatively regulates myogenesis at the level of Myogenin expression. In myotubes, over-expression of mDia1ΔN3, a RhoA-independent mutant, suppresses Myogenin promoter activity and expression. We investigated mDia1-interacting proteins that may counteract mDia1 to permit Myogenin expression and timely differentiation. Using yeast two-hybrid and mass-spectrometric analysis, we report that mDia1 has a stage-specific interactome, including Prohibitin2, MyoD, Akt2, and β-Catenin, along with a number of proteosomal and mitochondrial components. Of these interacting partners, Prohibitin2 colocalises with mDia1 in cytoplasmic punctae in myotubes. We mapped the interacting domains of mDia1 and Phb2, and used interacting (mDia1ΔN3/Phb2 FL or mDia1ΔN3/Phb2-Carboxy) and non-interacting pairs (mDia1H + P/Phb2 FL or mDia1ΔN3/Phb2-Amino) to dissect the functional consequences of this partnership on Myogenin promoter activity. Co-expression of full-length as well as mDia1-interacting domains of Prohibitin2 reverse the anti-myogenic effects of mDia1ΔN3, while non-interacting regions do not. Our results suggest that Prohibitin2 sequesters mDia1, dampens its anti-myogenic activity and fine-tunes RhoA-mDia1 signalling to promote differentiation. Overall, we report that mDia1 is multi-functional signalling effector whose anti-myogenic activity is modulated by a differentiation-dependent interactome. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012257.
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Sagliocchi S, Cicatiello AG, Di Cicco E, Ambrosio R, Miro C, Di Girolamo D, Nappi A, Mancino G, De Stefano MA, Luongo C, Raia M, Ogawa-Wong AN, Zavacki AM, Paladino S, Salvatore D, Dentice M. The thyroid hormone activating enzyme, type 2 deiodinase, induces myogenic differentiation by regulating mitochondrial metabolism and reducing oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101228. [PMID: 31153038 PMCID: PMC6543119 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is a key metabolic regulator that acts by coordinating short- and long-term energy needs. Accordingly, significant metabolic changes are observed depending on thyroid status. Although it is established that hyperthyroidism augments basal energy consumption, thus resulting in an enhanced metabolic state, the net effects on cellular respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remain unclear. To elucidate the effects of augmented TH signal in muscle cells, we generated a doxycycline-inducible cell line in which the expression of the TH-activating enzyme, type 2 deiodinase (D2), is reversibly turned on by the "Tet-ON" system. Interestingly, increased intracellular TH caused a net shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and a consequent increase in the extracellular acidification rate. As a result, mitochondrial ROS production, and both the basal and doxorubicin-induced production of cellular ROS were reduced. Importantly, the expression of a set of antioxidant genes was up-regulated, and, among them, the mitochondrial scavenger Sod2 was specifically induced at transcriptional level by D2-mediated TH activation. Finally, we observed that attenuation of oxidative stress and increased levels of SOD2 are key elements of the differentiating cascade triggered by TH and D2, thereby establishing that D2 is essential in coordinating metabolic reprogramming of myocytes during myogenic differentiation. In conclusion, our findings indicate that TH plays a key role in oxidative stress dynamics by regulating ROS generation. Our novel finding that TH and its intracellular metabolism act as mitochondrial detoxifying agents sheds new light on metabolic processes relevant to muscle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Girolamo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mancino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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47
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Sala D, Cunningham TJ, Stec MJ, Etxaniz U, Nicoletti C, Dall'Agnese A, Puri PL, Duester G, Latella L, Sacco A. The Stat3-Fam3a axis promotes muscle stem cell myogenic lineage progression by inducing mitochondrial respiration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1796. [PMID: 30996264 PMCID: PMC6470137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an active regulator of stem cell fate choices, and successful stem cell differentiation in different compartments requires the induction of oxidative phosphorylation. However, the mechanisms that promote mitochondrial respiration during stem cell differentiation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Stat3 promotes muscle stem cell myogenic lineage progression by stimulating mitochondrial respiration in mice. We identify Fam3a, a cytokine-like protein, as a major Stat3 downstream effector in muscle stem cells. We demonstrate that Fam3a is required for muscle stem cell commitment and skeletal muscle development. We show that myogenic cells secrete Fam3a, and exposure of Stat3-ablated muscle stem cells to recombinant Fam3a in vitro and in vivo rescues their defects in mitochondrial respiration and myogenic commitment. Together, these findings indicate that Fam3a is a Stat3-regulated secreted factor that promotes muscle stem cell oxidative metabolism and differentiation, and suggests that Fam3a is a potential tool to modulate cell fate choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sala
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Cunningham
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stec
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Usue Etxaniz
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chiara Nicoletti
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alessandra Dall'Agnese
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00142, Italy
| | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lucia Latella
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00142, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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48
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the evidence from recent studies on the shared genetics between bone and muscle in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified a multitude of loci influencing the variability of different bone or muscle parameters, with multiple loci overlapping between the traits. In addition, joint analyses of multiple correlated musculoskeletal traits (i.e., multivariate GWAS) have underscored several genes with possible pleiotropic effects on both bone and muscle including MEF2C and SREBF1. Notably, several of the proposed pleiotropic genes have been validated using human cells or animal models. It is clear that the study of pleiotropy may provide novel insights into disease pathophysiology potentially leading to the identification of new treatment strategies that simultaneously prevent or treat both osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, the role of muscle factors (myokines) that stimulate bone metabolism, as well as osteokines that affect muscles, is in its earliest stage of understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA.
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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49
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Leng X, Ji X, Hou Y, Settlage R, Jiang H. Roles of the proteasome and inhibitor of DNA binding 1 protein in myoblast differentiation. FASEB J 2019; 33:7403-7416. [PMID: 30865843 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800574rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to further understand the mechanism that controls myoblast differentiation, a key step in skeletal muscle formation. RNA sequencing of primary bovine myoblasts revealed many genes encoding the ubiquitin-proteasome system were up-regulated during myoblast differentiation. This up-regulation was accompanied by increased proteasomal activity. Treating myoblasts with the proteasome-specific inhibitor lactacystin impeded myoblast differentiation. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) protein inhibited myoblast differentiation too. Further experiments were conducted to determine whether the proteasome promotes myoblast differentiation by degrading ID1 protein. Both ID1 protein and mRNA expression decreased during myoblast differentiation. However, treating myoblasts with lactacystin reversed the decrease in ID1 protein but not in ID1 mRNA expression. Surprisingly, this reversal was not observed when myoblasts were also treated with the mRNA translation inhibitor cycloheximide. Direct incubation of ID1 protein with proteasomes from myoblasts did not show differentiation stage-associated degradation of ID1 protein. Furthermore, ubiquitinated ID1 protein was not detected in lactacystin-treated myoblasts. Overall, the results of this study suggest that, during myoblast differentiation, the proteasomal activity is up-regulated to further myoblast differentiation and that the increased proteasomal activity improves myoblast differentiation partly by inhibiting the synthesis, not the degradation, of ID1 protein.-Leng, X., Ji, X., Hou, Y., Settlage, R., Jiang, H. Roles of the proteasome and inhibitor of DNA binding 1 protein in myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Leng
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xu Ji
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yuguo Hou
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert Settlage
- Advanced Research Computing Unit, Division of Information Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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50
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Chang CN, Singh AJ, Gross MK, Kioussi C. Requirement of Pitx2 for skeletal muscle homeostasis. Dev Biol 2019; 445:90-102. [PMID: 30414844 PMCID: PMC6289786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is generated by the successive incorporation of primary (embryonic), secondary (fetal), and tertiary (adult) fibers into muscle. Conditional excision of Pitx2 function by an MCKCre driver resulted in animals with histological and ultrastructural defects in P30 muscles and fibers, respectively. Mutant muscle showed severe reduction in mitochondria and FoxO3-mediated mitophagy. Both oxidative and glycolytic energy metabolism were reduced. Conditional excision was limited to fetal muscle fibers after the G1-G0 transition and resulted in altered MHC, Rac1, MEF2a, and alpha-tubulin expression within these fibers. The onset of excision, monitored by a nuclear reporter gene, was observed as early as E16. Muscle at this stage was already severely malformed, but appeared to recover by P30 by the expansion of adjoining larger fibers. Our studies demonstrate that the homeodomain transcription factor Pitx2 has a postmitotic role in maintaining skeletal muscle integrity and energy homeostasis in fetal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ning Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Molecular Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Arun J Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Michael K Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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