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Yaga M, Hasegawa K, Ikeda S, Matsubara M, Hiroshima T, Kimura T, Shirai Y, Tansri W, Uehara H, Tachikawa M, Okairi Y, Sone M, Mori H, Kogue Y, Akamine H, Okuzaki D, Kawagishi K, Kawanaka S, Yamato H, Takeuchi Y, Okura E, Kanzaki R, Okami J, Nakamichi I, Nakane S, Kobayashi A, Iwazawa T, Tokunaga T, Yokouchi H, Yano Y, Uchida J, Mori M, Komuta K, Tachi T, Kuroda H, Kijima N, Kishima H, Ichii M, Futami S, Naito Y, Shiroyama T, Miyake K, Koyama S, Hirata H, Takeda Y, Funaki S, Shintani Y, Kumanogoh A, Hosen N. CD98 heavy chain protein is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer and is a potential target for CAR T-cell therapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17917. [PMID: 39095551 PMCID: PMC11297167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are effective against hematological cancers, but are less effective against solid tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One of the reasons is that only a few cell surface targets specific for NSCLC cells have been identified. Here, we report that CD98 heavy chain (hc) protein is overexpressed on the surface of NSCLC cells and is a potential target for CAR T cells against NSCLC. Screening of over 10,000 mAb clones raised against NSCLC cell lines showed that mAb H2A011 bound to NSCLC cells but not normal lung epithelial cells. H2A011 recognized CD98hc. Although CAR T cells derived from H2A011 could not be established presumably due to the high level of H2A011 reactivity in activated T cells, those derived from the anti-CD98hc mAb R8H283, which had been shown to lack reactivity with CD98hc glycoforms expressed on normal hematopoietic cells and some normal tissues, were successfully developed. R8H283 specifically reacted with NSCLC cells in six of 15 patients. R8H283-derived CAR T cells exerted significant anti-tumor effects in a xenograft NSCLC model in vivo. These results suggest that R8H283 CAR T cells may become a new therapeutic tool for NSCLC, although careful testing for off-tumor reactivity should be performed in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain/metabolism
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Moto Yaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miwa Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hiroshima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Shirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wibowo Tansri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uehara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mana Tachikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Okairi
- Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sone
- Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mori
- Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kogue
- Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akamine
- Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kawagishi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawanaka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamato
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Takeuchi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Okura
- Department of Surgery, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryu Kanzaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiro Okami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itsuko Nakamichi
- Department of Pathology, Minoh City Hospital, Minoh, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakane
- Department of Surgery, Minoh City Hospital, Minoh, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aki Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwazawa
- Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiteru Tokunaga
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideoki Yokouchi
- Department of Surgery, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yano
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Mori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Komuta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Anti-Tuberculosis Association Osaka Fukujuji Hospital, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Kuroda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kijima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Futami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yujiro Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shiroyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Miyake
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Hu S, Zhao R, Xu Y, Gu Z, Zhu B, Hu J. Orally-administered nanomedicine systems targeting colon inflammation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: latest advances. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:13-38. [PMID: 38018424 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02302h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and idiopathic condition that results in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Commonly used treatments for IBD include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics. Fecal microbiota transplantation is also being explored as a potential treatment method; however, these drugs may lead to systemic side effects. Oral administration is preferred for IBD treatment, but accurately locating the inflamed area in the colon is challenging due to multiple physiological barriers. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems possess unique physicochemical properties that enable precise delivery to the target site for IBD treatment, exploiting the increased permeability and retention effect of inflamed intestines. The first part of this review comprehensively introduces the pathophysiological environment of IBD, covering the gastrointestinal pH, various enzymes in the pathway, transport time, intestinal mucus, intestinal epithelium, intestinal immune cells, and intestinal microbiota. The second part focuses on the latest advances in the mechanism and strategies of targeted delivery using oral nanoparticle drug delivery systems for colitis-related fields. Finally, we present challenges and potential directions for future IBD treatment with the assistance of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Runan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Zelin Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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Console L, Scalise M, Salerno S, Scanga R, Giudice D, De Bartolo L, Tonazzi A, Indiveri C. N-glycosylation is crucial for trafficking and stability of SLC3A2 (CD98). Sci Rep 2022; 12:14570. [PMID: 36028562 PMCID: PMC9418156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The type II glycoprotein CD98 (SLC3A2) is a membrane protein with pleiotropic roles in cells, ranging from modulation of inflammatory processes, host–pathogen interactions to association with membrane transporters of the SLC7 family. The recent resolution of CD98 structure in complex with LAT1 showed that four Asn residues, N365, N381, N424, N506, harbour N-glycosylation moieties. Then, the role of N-glycosylation on CD98 trafficking and stability was investigated by combining bioinformatics, site-directed mutagenesis and cell biology approach. Single, double, triple and quadruple mutants of the four Asn exhibited altered electrophoretic mobility, with apparent molecular masses from 95 to 70 kDa. The quadruple mutant displayed a single band of 70 kDa corresponding to the unglycosylated protein. The presence in the membrane and the trafficking of CD98 were evaluated by a biotinylation assay and a brefeldin assay, respectively. Taken together, the results highlighted that the quadruple mutation severely impaired both the stability and the trafficking of CD98 to the plasma membrane. The decreased presence of CD98 at the plasma membrane, correlated with a lower presence of LAT1 (SLC7A5) and its transport activity. This finding opens new perspectives for human therapy. Indeed, the inhibition of CD98 trafficking would act synergistically with LAT1 inhibitors that are under clinical trial for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Simona Salerno
- CNR Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scanga
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Deborah Giudice
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Loredana De Bartolo
- CNR Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy. .,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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4
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Fort J, Nicolàs-Aragó A, Palacín M. The Ectodomains of rBAT and 4F2hc Are Fake or Orphan α-Glucosidases. Molecules 2021; 26:6231. [PMID: 34684812 PMCID: PMC8537225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that 4F2hc and rBAT are the heavy subunits of the heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs). These heavy subunits are N-glycosylated proteins, with an N-terminal domain, one transmembrane domain and a bulky extracellular domain (ectodomain) that belongs to the α-amylase family. The heavy subunits are covalently linked to a light subunit from the SLC7 family, which is responsible for the amino acid transport activity, forming a heterodimer. The functions of 4F2hc and rBAT are related mainly to the stability and trafficking of the HATs in the plasma membrane of vertebrates, where they exert the transport activity. Moreover, 4F2hc is a modulator of integrin signaling, has a role in cell fusion and it is overexpressed in some types of cancers. On the other hand, some mutations in rBAT are found to cause the malfunctioning of the b0,+ transport system, leading to cystinuria. The ectodomains of 4F2hc and rBAT share both sequence and structure homology with α-amylase family members. Very recently, cryo-EM has revealed the structure of several HATs, including the ectodomains of rBAT and 4F2hc. Here, we analyze available data on the ectodomains of rBAT and 4Fhc and their relationship with the α-amylase family. The physiological relevance of this relationship remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Fort
- Laboratory of Amino Acid Transporters and Disease, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-A.); (M.P.)
- CIBERER (Centro Español en Red de Biomedicina de Enfermedades Raras), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Nicolàs-Aragó
- Laboratory of Amino Acid Transporters and Disease, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-A.); (M.P.)
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Laboratory of Amino Acid Transporters and Disease, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-A.); (M.P.)
- CIBERER (Centro Español en Red de Biomedicina de Enfermedades Raras), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Pellizzari G, Martinez O, Crescioli S, Page R, Di Meo A, Mele S, Chiaruttini G, Hoinka J, Batruch I, Prassas I, Grandits M, López-Abente J, Bugallo-Blanco E, Ward M, Bax HJ, French E, Cheung A, Lombardi S, Figini M, Lacy KE, Diamandis EP, Josephs DH, Spicer J, Papa S, Karagiannis SN. Immunotherapy using IgE or CAR T cells for cancers expressing the tumor antigen SLC3A2. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002140. [PMID: 34112739 PMCID: PMC8194339 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies can benefit from selection of new targets with high levels of tumor specificity and from early assessments of efficacy and safety to derisk potential therapies. Methods Employing mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, immuno-mass spectrometry and CRISPR/Cas9 we identified the target of the tumor-specific SF-25 antibody. We engineered IgE and CAR T cell immunotherapies derived from the SF-25 clone and evaluated potential for cancer therapy. Results We identified the target of the SF-25 clone as the tumor-associated antigen SLC3A2, a cell surface protein with key roles in cancer metabolism. We generated IgE monoclonal antibody, and CAR T cell immunotherapies each recognizing SLC3A2. In concordance with preclinical and, more recently, clinical findings with the first-in-class IgE antibody MOv18 (recognizing the tumor-associated antigen Folate Receptor alpha), SF-25 IgE potentiated Fc-mediated effector functions against cancer cells in vitro and restricted human tumor xenograft growth in mice engrafted with human effector cells. The antibody did not trigger basophil activation in cancer patient blood ex vivo, suggesting failure to induce type I hypersensitivity, and supporting safe therapeutic administration. SLC3A2-specific CAR T cells demonstrated cytotoxicity against tumor cells, stimulated interferon-γ and interleukin-2 production in vitro. In vivo SLC3A2-specific CAR T cells significantly increased overall survival and reduced growth of subcutaneous PC3-LN3-luciferase xenografts. No weight loss, manifestations of cytokine release syndrome or graft-versus-host disease, were detected. Conclusions These findings identify efficacious and potentially safe tumor-targeting of SLC3A2 with novel immune-activating antibody and genetically modified cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pellizzari
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Olivier Martinez
- Immunoengineering Group, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Robert Page
- Immunoengineering Group, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Ashley Di Meo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Jan Hoinka
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ihor Batruch
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Grandits
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Jacobo López-Abente
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | | | | | - Heather J Bax
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Elise French
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Sara Lombardi
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Biomarker Unit, Dipartimento di Ricerca Applicata e Sviluppo Tecnologico (DRAST), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Sophie Papa
- Immunoengineering Group, King's College London, London, England, UK .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK .,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
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6
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Schumacher S, Vazquez Nunez R, Biertümpfel C, Mizuno N. Bottom-up reconstitution of focal adhesion complexes. FEBS J 2021; 289:3360-3373. [PMID: 33999507 PMCID: PMC9290908 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FA) are large macromolecular assemblies relevant for various cellular and pathological events such as migration, polarization, and metastatic cancer formation. At FA sites at the migrating periphery of a cell, hundreds of players gather and form a network to respond to extra cellular stimuli transmitted by the integrin receptor, the most upstream component within a cell, initiating the FA signaling pathway. Numerous cellular experiments have been performed to understand the FA architecture and functions; however, their intricate network formation hampers unraveling the precise molecular actions of individual players. Here, in vitro bottom‐up reconstitution presents an advantageous approach for elucidating the FA machinery and the hierarchical crosstalk of involved cellular players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schumacher
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roberto Vazquez Nunez
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Biertümpfel
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Potla R, Hirano-Kobayashi M, Wu H, Chen H, Mammoto A, Matthews BD, Ingber DE. Molecular mapping of transmembrane mechanotransduction through the β1 integrin-CD98hc-TRPV4 axis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs248823. [PMID: 32989042 PMCID: PMC7657480 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most rapid (less than 4 ms) transmembrane cellular mechanotransduction events involves activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channels by mechanical forces transmitted across cell surface β1 integrin receptors on endothelial cells, and the transmembrane solute carrier family 3 member 2 (herein denoted CD98hc, also known as SLC3A2) protein has been implicated in this response. Here, we show that β1 integrin, CD98hc and TRPV4 all tightly associate and colocalize in focal adhesions where mechanochemical conversion takes place. CD98hc knockdown inhibits TRPV4-mediated calcium influx induced by mechanical forces, but not by chemical activators, thus confirming the mechanospecificity of this signaling response. Molecular analysis reveals that forces applied to β1 integrin must be transmitted from its cytoplasmic C terminus via the CD98hc cytoplasmic tail to the ankyrin repeat domain of TRPV4 in order to produce ultrarapid, force-induced channel activation within the focal adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Potla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariko Hirano-Kobayashi
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Benjamin D Matthews
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Merle NS, Singh P, Rahman J, Kemper C. Integrins meet complement: The evolutionary tip of an iceberg orchestrating metabolism and immunity. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2754-2770. [PMID: 32562277 PMCID: PMC8359198 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologists have recently realized that there is more to the classic innate immune sensor systems than just mere protection against invading pathogens. It is becoming increasingly clear that such sensors, including the inflammasomes, toll-like receptors, and the complement system, are heavily involved in the regulation of basic cell physiological processes and particularly those of metabolic nature. In fact, their "non-canonical" activities make sense as no system directing immune cell activity can perform such task without the need for energy. Further, many of these ancient immune sensors appeared early and concurrently during evolution, particularly during the developmental leap from the single-cell organisms to multicellularity, and therefore crosstalk heavily with each other. Here, we will review the current knowledge about the emerging cooperation between the major inter-cell communicators, integrins, and the cell-autonomous intracellularly and autocrine-active complement, the complosome, during the regulation of single-cell metabolism. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non-canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Merle
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Parul Singh
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jubayer Rahman
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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9
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Deuschle FC, Morath V, Schiefner A, Brandt C, Ballke S, Reder S, Steiger K, Schwaiger M, Weber W, Skerra A. Development of a high affinity Anticalin ® directed against human CD98hc for theranostic applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:2172-2187. [PMID: 32089738 PMCID: PMC7019167 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced amino acid supply and dysregulated integrin signaling constitute two hallmarks of cancer and are pivotal for metastatic transformation of cells. In line with its function at the crossroads of both processes, overexpression of CD98hc is clinically observed in various cancer malignancies, thus rendering it a promising tumor target. Methods: We describe the development of Anticalin proteins based on the lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) scaffold against the human CD98hc ectodomain (hCD98hcED) using directed evolution and protein design. X-ray structural analysis was performed to identify the epitope recognized by the lead Anticalin candidate. The Anticalin - with a tuned plasma half-life using PASylation® technology - was labeled with 89Zr and investigated by positron emission tomography (PET) of CD98-positive tumor xenograft mice. Results: The Anticalin P3D11 binds CD98hc with picomolar affinity and recognizes a protruding loop structure surrounded by several glycosylation sites within the solvent exposed membrane-distal part of the hCD98hcED. In vitro studies revealed specific binding activity of the Anticalin towards various CD98hc-expressing human tumor cell lines, suggesting broader applicability in cancer research. PET/CT imaging of mice bearing human prostate carcinoma xenografts using the optimized and 89Zr-labeled Anticalin demonstrated strong and specific tracer accumulation (8.6 ± 1.1 %ID/g) as well as a favorable tumor-to-blood ratio of 11.8. Conclusion: Our findings provide a first proof of concept to exploit CD98hc for non-invasive biomedical imaging. The novel Anticalin-based αhCD98hc radiopharmaceutical constitutes a promising tool for preclinical and, potentially, clinical applications in oncology.
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10
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Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, these receptors have critical functions in intracellular signaling, but are also taking center stage in many physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide some historical, structural, and physiological notes so that the diverse functions of these receptors can be appreciated and put into the context of the emerging field of mechanobiology. We propose that the exciting journey of the exploration of these receptors will continue for at least another new generation of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
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11
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Deuschle F, Schiefner A, Skerra A. Structural differences between the ectodomains of murine and human CD98hc. Proteins 2019; 87:693-698. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - André Schiefner
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische ChemieTechnische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische ChemieTechnische Universität München Freising Germany
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12
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13
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Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer EMMPRIN (CD147) in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020507. [PMID: 29419744 PMCID: PMC5855729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor EMMPRIN is involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases and in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. There are several binding partners of EMMPRIN mediating the effects of EMMPRIN in cardiovascular diseases. EMMPRIN interaction with most binding partners leads to disease progression by mediating cytokine or chemokine release, the activation of platelets and monocytes, as well as the formation of monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPAs). EMMPRIN is also involved in atherosclerosis by mediating the infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells. There is also evidence that EMMPRIN controls energy metabolism of cells and that EMMPRIN binding partners modulate intracellular glycosylation and trafficking of EMMPRIN towards the cell membrane. In this review, we systematically discuss these multifaceted roles of EMMPRIN and its interaction partners, such as Cyclophilins, in cardiovascular disease.
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14
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Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL34 Protein Regulates the Global Architecture of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Infected Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00271-17. [PMID: 28356536 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00271-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, the CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) is redistributed around the nuclear membrane (NM), where it promotes viral de-envelopment during the nuclear egress of nucleocapsids. In this study, we attempted to identify the factor(s) involved in CD98hc accumulation and demonstrated the following: (i) the null mutation of HSV-1 UL34 caused specific dispersion throughout the cytoplasm of CD98hc and the HSV-1 de-envelopment regulators, glycoproteins B and H (gB and gH); (ii) as observed with CD98hc, gB, and gH, wild-type HSV-1 infection caused redistribution of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers calnexin and ERp57 around the NM, whereas the UL34-null mutation caused cytoplasmic dispersion of these markers; (iii) the ER markers colocalized efficiently with CD98hc, gB, and gH in the presence and absence of UL34 in HSV-1-infected cells; (iv) at the ultrastructural level, wild-type HSV-1 infection caused ER compression around the NM, whereas the UL34-null mutation caused cytoplasmic dispersion of the ER; and (v) the UL34-null mutation significantly decreased the colocalization efficiency of lamin protein markers of the NM with CD98hc and gB. Collectively, these results indicate that HSV-1 infection causes redistribution of the ER around the NM, with resulting accumulation of ER-associated CD98hc, gB, and gH around the NM and that UL34 is required for ER redistribution, as well as for efficient recruitment to the NM of the ER-associated de-envelopment factors. Our study suggests that HSV-1 induces remodeling of the global ER architecture for recruitment of regulators mediating viral nuclear egress to the NM.IMPORTANCE The ER is an important cellular organelle that exists as a complex network extending throughout the cytoplasm. Although viruses often remodel the ER to facilitate viral replication, information on the effects of herpesvirus infections on ER morphological integrity is limited. Here, we showed that HSV-1 infection led to compression of the global ER architecture around the NM, resulting in accumulation of ER-associated regulators associated with nuclear egress of HSV-1 nucleocapsids. We also identified HSV-1 UL34 as a viral factor that mediated ER remodeling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that UL34 was required for efficient targeting of these regulators to the NM. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that a herpesvirus remodels ER global architecture. Our study also provides insight into the mechanism by which the regulators for HSV-1 nuclear egress are recruited to the NM, where this viral event occurs.
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15
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Canup BSB, Song H, Le Ngo V, Meng X, Denning TL, Garg P, Laroui H. CD98 siRNA-loaded nanoparticles decrease hepatic steatosis in mice. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:188-196. [PMID: 27939923 PMCID: PMC6475075 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid hepatic accumulation. Here, we investigated whether a reduction of CD98 expression mediated by CD98 siRNA-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) could attenuate liver disease markers in a mouse model of NAFLD. NPs were generated using a double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. Mice fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks to induce fatty liver were treated with vein tail injections of CD98 siRNA-loaded NPs. In vitro, HepG2 treated with CD98 siRNA-loaded NPs showed significant downregulation of CD98 leading to a significant decrease of major pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers. In vivo, CD98 siRNA-loaded NPs strongly decreased all markers of NAFLD, including the blood levels of ALT and lipids accumulation, fibrosis evidence and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, our results indicate that CD98 appears to function as a key actor/inducer in NAFLD, and that our NPs approach may offer a new targeted therapeutic for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S B Canup
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heliang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vu Le Ngo
- Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiangxiao Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pallavi Garg
- Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hamed Laroui
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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16
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Integrins and Cell Metabolism: An Intimate Relationship Impacting Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010189. [PMID: 28106780 PMCID: PMC5297821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are important regulators of cell survival, proliferation, adhesion and migration. Once activated, integrins establish a regulated link between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Integrins have well-established functions in cancer, such as in controlling cell survival by engagement of many specific intracellular signaling pathways and in facilitating metastasis. Integrins and associated proteins are regulated by control of transcription, membrane traffic, and degradation, as well as by a number of post-translational modifications including glycosylation, allowing integrin function to be modulated to conform to various cellular needs and environmental conditions. In this review, we examine the control of integrin function by cell metabolism, and the impact of this regulation in cancer. Within this context, nutrient sufficiency or deprivation is sensed by a number of metabolic signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1, which collectively control integrin function by a number of mechanisms. Moreover, metabolic flux through specific pathways also controls integrins, such as by control of integrin glycosylation, thus impacting integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration. Integrins also control various metabolic signals and pathways, establishing the reciprocity of this regulation. As cancer cells exhibit substantial changes in metabolism, such as a shift to aerobic glycolysis, enhanced glucose utilization and a heightened dependence on specific amino acids, the reciprocal regulation of integrins and metabolism may provide important clues for more effective treatment of various cancers.
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17
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Bajaj J, Konuma T, Lytle NK, Kwon HY, Ablack JN, Cantor JM, Rizzieri D, Chuah C, Oehler VG, Broome EH, Ball ED, van der Horst EH, Ginsberg MH, Reya T. CD98-Mediated Adhesive Signaling Enables the Establishment and Propagation of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:792-805. [PMID: 27908736 PMCID: PMC5137811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease associated with drug resistance and relapse. To improve therapeutic strategies, it is critical to better understand the mechanisms that underlie AML progression. Here we show that the integrin binding glycoprotein CD98 plays a central role in AML. CD98 promotes AML propagation and lethality by driving engagement of leukemia cells with their microenvironment and maintaining leukemic stem cells. Further, delivery of a humanized anti-CD98 antibody blocks growth of patient-derived AML, highlighting the importance of this pathway in human disease. These findings indicate that microenvironmental interactions are key regulators of AML and that disrupting these signals with targeted inhibitors such as CD98 antibodies may be a valuable therapeutic approach for adults and children with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevisha Bajaj
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takaaki Konuma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nikki K Lytle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jailal N Ablack
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph M Cantor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Rizzieri
- Division of Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles Chuah
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Vivian G Oehler
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, WA 98109, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Broome
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Edward D Ball
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Division, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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18
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Cormerais Y, Giuliano S, LeFloch R, Front B, Durivault J, Tambutté E, Massard PA, de la Ballina LR, Endou H, Wempe MF, Palacin M, Parks SK, Pouyssegur J. Genetic Disruption of the Multifunctional CD98/LAT1 Complex Demonstrates the Key Role of Essential Amino Acid Transport in the Control of mTORC1 and Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4481-92. [PMID: 27302165 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The CD98/LAT1 complex is overexpressed in aggressive human cancers and is thereby described as a potential therapeutic target. This complex promotes tumorigenesis with CD98 (4F2hc) engaging β-integrin signaling while LAT1 (SLC7A5) imports essential amino acids (EAA) and promotes mTORC1 activity. However, it is unclear as to which member of the heterodimer carries the most prevalent protumoral action. To answer this question, we explored the tumoral potential of each member by gene disruption of CD98, LAT1, or both and by inhibition of LAT1 with the selective inhibitor (JPH203) in six human cancer cell lines from colon, lung, and kidney. Each knockout respectively ablated 90% (CD98 KO: ) and 100% (LAT1 KO: ) of Na(+)-independent leucine transport activity. LAT1 KO: or JPH203-treated cells presented an amino acid stress response with ATF4, GCN2 activation, mTORC1 inhibition, and severe in vitro and in vivo tumor growth arrest. We show that this severe growth phenotype is independent of the level of expression of CD98 in the six tumor cell lines. Surprisingly, CD98 KO: cells with only 10% EAA transport activity displayed a normal growth phenotype, with mTORC1 activity and tumor growth rate undistinguishable from wild-type cells. However, CD98 KO: cells became extremely sensitive to inhibition or genetic disruption of LAT1 (CD98 KO: /LAT1 KO: ). This finding demonstrates that the tumoral potential of CD98 KO: cells is due to residual LAT1 transport activity. Therefore, these findings clearly establish that LAT1 transport activity is the key growth-limiting step of the heterodimer and advocate the pharmacology development of LAT1 transporter inhibitors as a very promising anticancer target. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4481-92. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Cormerais
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Sandy Giuliano
- Institute for Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Renaud LeFloch
- Institute for Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Benoît Front
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Jerome Durivault
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Eric Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | | | | | - Hitoshi Endou
- Research & Development, Fuji Biomedix Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael F Wempe
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Manuel Palacin
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Barcelona and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott K Parks
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco. Institute for Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
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19
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Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Recruits CD98 Heavy Chain and β1 Integrin to the Nuclear Membrane for Viral De-Envelopment. J Virol 2015; 89:7799-812. [PMID: 25995262 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00741-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Herpesviruses have evolved a unique mechanism for nucleocytoplasmic transport of nascent nucleocapsids: the nucleocapsids bud through the inner nuclear membrane (INM; primary envelopment), and the enveloped nucleocapsids then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane (de-envelopment). Little is known about the molecular mechanism of herpesviral de-envelopment. We show here that the knockdown of both CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) and its binding partner β1 integrin induced membranous structures containing enveloped herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) virions that are invaginations of the INM into the nucleoplasm and induced aberrant accumulation of enveloped virions in the perinuclear space and in the invagination structures. These effects were similar to those of the previously reported mutation(s) in HSV-1 proteins gB, gH, UL31, and/or Us3, which were shown here to form a complex(es) with CD98hc in HSV-1-infected cells. These results suggested that cellular proteins CD98hc and β1 integrin synergistically or independently regulated HSV-1 de-envelopment, probably by interacting directly and/or indirectly with these HSV-1 proteins. IMPORTANCE Certain cellular and viral macromolecular complexes, such as Drosophila large ribonucleoprotein complexes and herpesvirus nucleocapsids, utilize a unique vesicle-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport: the complexes acquire primary envelopes by budding through the inner nuclear membrane into the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes (primary envelopment), and the enveloped complexes then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane to release de-enveloped complexes into the cytoplasm (de-envelopment). However, there is a lack of information on the molecular mechanism of de-envelopment fusion. We report here that HSV-1 recruited cellular fusion regulatory proteins CD98hc and β1 integrin to the nuclear membrane for viral de-envelopment fusion. This is the first report of cellular proteins required for efficient de-envelopment of macromolecular complexes during their nuclear egress.
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Keriel A, Botella E, Estrach S, Bragagnolo G, Vergunst AC, Feral CC, O'Callaghan D. Brucella Intracellular Life Relies on the Transmembrane Protein CD98 Heavy Chain. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1769-78. [PMID: 25505297 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella are intracellular bacterial pathogens that use a type IV secretion system (T4SS) to escape host defenses and create a niche in which they can multiply. Although the importance of Brucella T4SS is clear, little is known about its interactions with host cell structures. In this study, we identified the eukaryotic protein CD98hc as a partner for Brucella T4SS subunit VirB2. This transmembrane glycoprotein is involved in amino acid transport, modulation of integrin signaling, and cell-to-cell fusion. Knockdown of CD98hc expression in HeLa cells demonstrated that it is essential for Brucella infection. Using knockout dermal fibroblasts, we confirmed its role for Brucella but found that it is not required for Salmonella infection. CD98hc transiently accumulates around the bacteria during the early phases of infection and is required for both optimal bacterial uptake and intracellular multiplication of Brucella. These results provide new insights into the complex interplay between Brucella and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Keriel
- INSERM, U1047 Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Nîmes
| | - Eric Botella
- INSERM, U1047 Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Nîmes
| | - Soline Estrach
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | - Chloe C Feral
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France
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Honda S, Shirotani-Ikejima H, Tadokoro S, Tomiyama Y, Miyata T. The integrin-linked kinase-PINCH-parvin complex supports integrin αIIbβ3 activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85498. [PMID: 24376884 PMCID: PMC3871693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an important signaling regulator that assembles into the heteroternary complex with adaptor proteins PINCH and parvin (termed the IPP complex). We recently reported that ILK is important for integrin activation in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell system. We previously established parental CHO cells expressing a constitutively active chimeric integrin (αIIbα6Bβ3) and mutant CHO cells expressing inactive αIIbα6Bβ3 due to ILK deficiency. In this study, we further investigated the underlying mechanisms for ILK-dependent integrin activation. ILK-deficient mutant cells had trace levels of PINCH and α-parvin, and transfection of ILK cDNA into the mutant cells increased not only ILK but also PINCH and α-parvin, resulting in the restoration of αIIbα6Bβ3 activation. In the parental cells expressing active αIIbα6Bβ3, ILK, PINCH, and α-parvin were co-immunoprecipitated, indicating the formation of the IPP complex. Moreover, short interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments targeting PINCH-1 or both α- and β-parvin mRNA in the parent cells impaired the αIIbα6Bβ3 activation as well as the expression of the other components of the IPP complex. In addition, ILK mutants possessing defects in either PINCH or parvin binding failed to restore αIIbα6Bβ3 activation in the mutant cells. Kindlin-2 siRNA in the parental cells impaired αIIbα6Bβ3 activation without disturbing the expression of ILK. For CHO cells stably expressing wild-type αIIbβ3 that is an inactive form, overexpression of a talin head domain (THD) induced αIIbβ3 activation and the THD-induced αIIbβ3 activation was impaired by ILK siRNA through a significant reduction in the expression of the IPP complex. In contrast, overexpression of all IPP components in the αIIbβ3-expressing CHO cells further augmented THD-induced αIIbβ3 activation, whereas they did not induce αIIbβ3 activation without THD. These data suggest that the IPP complex rather than ILK plays an important role and supports integrin activation probably through stabilization of the active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Honda
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Seiji Tadokoro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tomiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyata
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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22
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Poettler M, Unseld M, Braemswig K, Haitel A, Zielinski CC, Prager GW. CD98hc (SLC3A2) drives integrin-dependent renal cancer cell behavior. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:169. [PMID: 24359579 PMCID: PMC3879186 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of CD98hc (SLC3A2) occurs in a variety of cancers and is suspected to contribute to tumor growth. CD98, a heterodimeric transmembrane protein, physically associates with certain integrin β subunit cytoplasmic domains via its heavy chain, CD98hc. CD98hc regulates adhesion-induced intracellular signal transduction via integrins, thereby, affecting cell proliferation and clonal expansion. Disruption of CD98hc led to embryonic lethality in mice (E 3.5 and E 9.5) and CD98hc −/− embryonic stem cell transplantation failed to form teratomas, while CD98hc over-expression in somatic cells resulted in anchorage-independent growth. However, it is unclear whether interference with CD98hc expression tumor cell behavior. Methods Renal cell cancer cell lines have been used to determine the effect of CD98hc expression on cancer cell behavior using cell adhesion, cell trans-migration and cell spreading assays. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to study the rate of apoptosis after detachment or serum starvation. shRNA-lentiviral constructs were used to stably knockdown or reconstitute full length or mutated CD98hc. The role of CD98 as a promotor of tumorigenesis was evaluated using an in in vivo tumor transplantation animal model. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to analyze cell proliferation and CD98 expression in tumors. Results This report shows that CD98hc silencing in clear cell renal cancer cells reverts certain characteristics of tumorigenesis, including cell spreading, migration, proliferation and survival in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. Acquisition of tumorigenic characteristics in clear cell renal cancer cells occurred through the integrin binding domain of CD98hc. A CD98hc/integrin interaction was required for adhesion-induced sustained FAK phosphorylation and activation of the major downstream signaling pathways PI3k/Akt and MEK/ERK, while overexpression of a constitutive active form of FAK rescued the CD98hc deficiency. Conclusions In this study we demonstrate that loss of CD98hc blocks tumorigenic potential in renal cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Maldonado-Báez L, Williamson C, Donaldson JG. Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a cargo-centric view. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2759-69. [PMID: 23954817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-independent endocytosis occurs in all cells and interest in this mode of cellular entry has grown. Although this form of endocytosis was first described for entry of bacterial toxins, here we focus our attention on the endogenous cell surface "cargo" proteins that enter cells by this mechanism. The cargo proteins entering by this mechanism are varied and include nutrient transporters, ion channels, cell adhesion molecules and proteins associated with the immune system. Despite the apparent lack of selection at the cell surface, we provide some examples of specific sorting of these cargo proteins after entry, leading to distinct itineraries and cellular fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lymarie Maldonado-Báez
- Cell Biology & Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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24
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Ofloxacin induces apoptosis via β1 integrin-EGFR-Rac1-Nox2 pathway in microencapsulated chondrocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 267:74-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Intestinal epithelial CD98 directly modulates the innate host response to enteric bacterial pathogens. Infect Immun 2013; 81:923-34. [PMID: 23297381 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01388-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CD98 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein whose expression increases in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during intestinal inflammation. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a food-borne human pathogen that attaches to IECs and injects effector proteins directly into the host cells, thus provoking an inflammatory response. In the present study, we investigated CD98 and EPEC interactions in vitro and ex vivo and examined FVB wild-type (WT) and villin-CD98 transgenic mice overexpressing human CD98 in IECs (hCD98 Tg mice) and infected with Citrobacter rodentium as an in vivo model. In vivo studies indicated that CD98 overexpression, localized to the apical domain of colonic cells, increased the attachment of C. rodentium in mouse colons and resulted in increased expression of proinflammatory markers and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory markers. The proliferative markers Ki-67 and cyclin D1 were significantly increased in the colonic tissue of C. rodentium-infected hCD98 Tg mice compared to that of WT mice. Ex vivo studies correlate with the in vivo data. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) studies with Caco2-BBE cells showed a decrease in adherence of EPEC to Caco2 cells in which CD98 expression was knocked down. In vitro surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments showed direct binding between recombinant hCD98 and EPEC/C. rodentium proteins. We also demonstrated that the partial extracellular loop of hCD98 was sufficient for direct binding to EPEC/C. rodentium. These findings demonstrate the importance of the extracellular loop of CD98 in the innate host defense response to intestinal infection by attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens.
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26
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Boulter E, Estrach S, Errante A, Pons C, Cailleteau L, Tissot F, Meneguzzi G, Féral CC. CD98hc (SLC3A2) regulation of skin homeostasis wanes with age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:173-90. [PMID: 23296466 PMCID: PMC3549711 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Loss of CD98hc expression in young adult skin induces changes similar to those associated with aging, including improper skin homeostasis and epidermal wound healing. Skin aging is linked to reduced epidermal proliferation and general extracellular matrix atrophy. This involves factors such as the cell adhesion receptors integrins and amino acid transporters. CD98hc (SLC3A2), a heterodimeric amino acid transporter, modulates integrin signaling in vitro. We unravel CD98hc functions in vivo in skin. We report that CD98hc invalidation has no appreciable effect on cell adhesion, clearly showing that CD98hc disruption phenocopies neither CD98hc knockdown in cultured keratinocytes nor epidermal β1 integrin loss in vivo. Instead, we show that CD98hc deletion in murine epidermis results in improper skin homeostasis and epidermal wound healing. These defects resemble aged skin alterations and correlate with reduction of CD98hc expression observed in elderly mice. We also demonstrate that CD98hc absence in vivo induces defects as early as integrin-dependent Src activation. We decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in vivo by revealing a crucial role of the CD98hc/integrins/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG)/RhoA pathway in skin homeostasis. Finally, we demonstrate that the deregulation of RhoA activation in the absence of CD98hc is also a result of impaired CD98hc-dependent amino acid transports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boulter
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice, AVENIR Team, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice 06107, France
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New insights into adhesion signaling in bone formation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 305:1-68. [PMID: 23890379 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407695-2.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mineralized tissues that are protective scaffolds in the most primitive species have evolved and acquired more specific functions in modern animals. These are as diverse as support in locomotion, ion homeostasis, and precise hormonal regulation. Bone formation is tightly controlled by a balance between anabolism, in which osteoblasts are the main players, and catabolism mediated by the osteoclasts. The bone matrix is deposited in a cyclic fashion during homeostasis and integrates several environmental cues. These include diffusible elements that would include estrogen or growth factors and physicochemical parameters such as bone matrix composition, stiffness, and mechanical stress. Therefore, the microenvironment is of paramount importance for controlling this delicate equilibrium. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent data highlighting the role of cell-adhesion molecules during bone formation. Due to the very large scope of the topic, we focus mainly on the role of the integrin receptor family during osteogenesis. Bone phenotypes of some deficient mice as well as diseases of human bones involving cell adhesion during this process are discussed in the context of bone physiology.
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CD98 increases renal epithelial cell proliferation by activating MAPKs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40026. [PMID: 22768207 PMCID: PMC3386947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) is a multifunctional transmembrane spanning scaffolding protein whose extracellular domain binds with light chain amino acid transporters (Lats) to form the heterodimeric amino acid transporters (HATs). It also interacts with β1 and β3 integrins by its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. This interaction is proposed to be the mechanism whereby CD98 mediates cell survival and growth via currently undefined signaling pathways. In this study, we determined whether the critical function of CD98-dependent amino acid transport also plays a role in cell proliferation and defined the signaling pathways that mediate CD98-dependent proliferation of murine renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. We demonstrate that downregulating CD98hc expression resulted in IMCD cell death. Utilizing overexpression studies of CD98hc mutants that either lacked a cytoplasmic tail or were unable to bind to Lats we showed that CD98 increases serum-dependent cell proliferation by a mechanism that requires the CD98hc cytoplasmic tail. We further demonstrated that CD98-dependent amino acid transport increased renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation by a mechanism that does not require the CD98hc cytoplasmic tail. Both these mechanisms of increased renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation are mediated by Erk and p38 MAPK signaling. Although increased amino transport markedly activated mTor signaling, this pathway did not alter cell proliferation. Thus, these studies demonstrate that in IMCD cells, the cytoplasmic and extracellular domains of CD98hc regulate cell proliferation by distinct mechanisms that are mediated by common MAPK signaling pathways.
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29
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Weatheritt RJ, Gibson TJ. Linear motifs: lost in (pre)translation. Trends Biochem Sci 2012; 37:333-41. [PMID: 22705166 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pretranslational modification by alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage and RNA editing enables the production of multiple protein isoforms from a single gene. A large quantity of data now supports the notion that short linear motifs (SLiMs), which are protein interaction modules enriched within intrinsically disordered regions, are key for the functional diversification of these isoforms. The inclusion or removal of these SLiMs can switch the subcellular localisation of an isoform, promote cooperative associations, refine the affinity of an interaction, coordinate phase transitions within the cell, and even create isoforms of opposing function. This article discusses the novel functionality enabled by the addition or removal of SLiM-containing exons by pretranslational modifications, such as alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage, and how these alterations enable the creation and modulation of complex regulatory and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Weatheritt
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Uematsu T, Konishi C, Hoshino D, Han X, Tomari T, Egawa N, Takada Y, Isobe T, Seiki M, Koshikawa N. Identification of proteins that associate with integrin α2 by proteomic analysis in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3072-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cantor JM, Ginsberg MH. CD98 at the crossroads of adaptive immunity and cancer. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1373-82. [PMID: 22499670 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.096040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity, a vertebrate specialization, adds memory and exquisite specificity to the basic innate immune responses present in invertebrates while conserving metabolic resources. In adaptive immunity, antigenic challenge requires extremely rapid proliferation of rare antigen-specific lymphocytes to produce large, clonally expanded effector populations that neutralize pathogens. Rapid proliferation and resulting clonal expansion are dependent on CD98, a protein whose well-conserved orthologs appear restricted to vertebrates. Thus, CD98 supports lymphocyte clonal expansion to enable protective adaptive immunity, an advantage that could account for the presence of CD98 in vertebrates. CD98 supports lymphocyte clonal expansion by amplifying integrin signals that enable proliferation and prevent apoptosis. These integrin-dependent signals can also provoke cancer development and invasion, anchorage-independence and the rapid proliferation of tumor cells. CD98 is highly expressed in many cancers and contributes to formation of tumors in experimental models. Strikingly, vertebrates, which possess highly conserved CD98 proteins, CD98-binding integrins and adaptive immunity, also display propensity towards invasive and metastatic tumors. In this Commentary, we review the roles of CD98 in lymphocyte biology and cancer. We suggest that the CD98 amplification of integrin signaling in adaptive immunity provides survival benefits to vertebrates, which, in turn, bear the price of increased susceptibility to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Cantor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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32
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Integrin β1 mediates vaccinia virus entry through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. J Virol 2012; 86:6677-87. [PMID: 22496232 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06860-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus has a broad range of infectivity in many cell lines and animals. Although it is known that the vaccinia mature virus binds to cell surface glycosaminoglycans and extracellular matrix proteins, whether additional cellular receptors are required for virus entry remains unclear. Our previous studies showed that the vaccinia mature virus enters through lipid rafts, suggesting the involvement of raft-associated cellular proteins. Here we demonstrate that one lipid raft-associated protein, integrin β1, is important for vaccinia mature virus entry into HeLa cells. Vaccinia virus associates with integrin β1 in lipid rafts on the cell surface, and the knockdown of integrin β1 in HeLa cells reduces vaccinia mature virus entry. Additionally, vaccinia mature virus infection is reduced in a mouse cell line, GD25, that is deficient in integrin β1 expression. Vaccinia mature virus infection triggers the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, and the treatment of cells with inhibitors to block P13K activation reduces virus entry in an integrin β1-dependent manner, suggesting that integrin β1-mediates PI3K/Akt activation induced by vaccinia virus and that this signaling pathway is essential for virus endocytosis. The inhibition of integrin β1-mediated cell adhesion results in a reduction of vaccinia virus entry and the disruption of focal adhesion and PI3K/Akt activation. In summary, our results show that the binding of vaccinia mature virus to cells mimics the outside-in activation process of integrin functions to facilitate vaccinia virus entry into HeLa cells.
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Homeostatic and innate immune responses: role of the transmembrane glycoprotein CD98. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3015-26. [PMID: 22460579 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein CD98 is a potential regulator of multiple functions, including integrin signaling and amino acid transport. Abnormal expression or function of CD98 and disruption of the interactions between CD98 and its binding partners result in defects in cell homeostasis and immune responses. Indeed, expression of CD98 has been correlated with diseases such as inflammation and tumor metastasis. Modulation of CD98 expression and/or function therefore represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of such pathologies. Herein, we review the role of CD98 with focus on its functional importance in homeostasis and immune responses, which could help to better understand the pathogenesis of CD98-associated diseases.
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The lipid raft-associated protein CD98 is required for vaccinia virus endocytosis. J Virol 2012; 86:4868-82. [PMID: 22345471 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06610-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature vaccinia virus (vaccinia MV) infects a broad range of animals in vivo and cell cultures in vitro; however, the cellular receptors that determine vaccinia MV tropism and entry pathways are poorly characterized. Here, we performed quantitative proteomic analyses of lipid raft-associated proteins upon vaccinia MV entry into HeLa cells. We found that a type II membrane glycoprotein, CD98, is enriched in lipid rafts upon vaccinia MV infection compared to mock-infected HeLa cells. The knockdown of CD98 expression in HeLa cells significantly reduced vaccinia MV entry. Furthermore, CD98 knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) also exhibited reduced vaccinia MV infectivity without affecting MV attachment to cells, suggesting a role for CD98 in the postbinding step of virus entry. Further characterization with inhibitors and dominant negative proteins that block different endocytic pathways revealed that vaccinia MV entry into MEFs occurs through a clathrin-independent, caveolin-independent, dynamin-dependent, fluid-phase endocytic pathway, implying that CD98 plays a specific role in the vaccinia MV endocytic pathway. Infections of wild-type and CD98 KO MEF cells with different strains of vaccinia MV provided further evidence that CD98 plays a specific role in MV endocytosis but not in plasma membrane fusion. Finally, different CD98-C69 chimeric proteins were expressed in CD98 KO MEFs, but none were able to reconstitute MV infectivity, suggesting that the overall structure of the CD98 protein is required for vaccinia MV endocytosis.
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35
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Prager GW, Poettler M. Angiogenesis in cancer. Basic mechanisms and therapeutic advances. Hamostaseologie 2011; 32:105-14. [PMID: 21837355 DOI: 10.5482/ha-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Etiological concepts on cancer development, malignant growth and tumour propagation have undergone a revolutionary development during recent years: Among other aspects, the discovery of angiogenesis - the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature - as a key element in the pathogenesis of malignancy has opened an abundance of biologic insights and subsequent therapeutic options, which have led to improved prognosis in many cancers including those originating from colon, lung, breast and kidney. Thereby, targeting the major pro-angiogenic stimulus vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) became the focus for therapeutic interventions. However, the use of VEGF-targeting drugs has been shown to be of limited efficacy, which might lie in the fact that tumor angiogenesis is mediated by a variety of different subcellular systems. This review focuses on the basic mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, which potentially represent novel targets for pharmacological agents in the treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Prager
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Smith AL, Friedman DB, Yu H, Carnahan RH, Reynolds AB. ReCLIP (reversible cross-link immuno-precipitation): an efficient method for interrogation of labile protein complexes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16206. [PMID: 21283770 PMCID: PMC3024417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The difficulty of maintaining intact protein complexes while minimizing non-specific background remains a significant limitation in proteomic studies. Labile interactions, such as the interaction between p120-catenin and the E-cadherin complex, are particularly challenging. Using the cadherin complex as a model-system, we have developed a procedure for efficient recovery of otherwise labile protein-protein interactions. We have named the procedure “ReCLIP” (Reversible Cross-Link Immuno-Precipitation) to reflect the primary elements of the method. Using cell-permeable, thiol-cleavable crosslinkers, normally labile interactions (i.e. p120 and E-cadherin) are stabilized in situ prior to isolation. After immunoprecipitation, crosslinked binding partners are selectively released and all other components of the procedure (i.e. beads, antibody, and p120 itself) are discarded. The end result is extremely efficient recovery with exceptionally low background. ReCLIP therefore appears to provide an excellent alternative to currently available affinity-purification approaches, particularly for studies of labile complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Smith
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David B. Friedman
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Huapeng Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Carnahan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Albert B. Reynolds
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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CD98hc (SLC3A2) is a key regulator of keratinocyte adhesion. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 61:169-79. [PMID: 21282044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhesion of keratinocytes is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the skin, as demonstrated by the number of dermatological disorders of genetic origin that are associated with a defect of basal keratinocyte adhesion. Integrins are the main component of the molecular networks involved in this phenomenon, but there are many others. In a recent description of proteins associated to caveolae at the plasma membrane of human basal epidermal cells, we demonstrated that CD98hc is localized with β1 integrin. OBJECTIVES We investigated the CD98hc proteins interactions and the role of CD98hc in keratinocyte adhesion. METHODS CD98hc protein interaction was identified following co-immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis using LTQ-FT mass spectrometer. Extinction of CD98hc gene expression using specific short hairpin RNA or over-expression of CD98hc lacking the β1 integrin binding site was used to evaluate the role of this protein in keratinocyte fate. RESULTS We show that CD98hc forms molecular complexes with β1 and β4 integrins in primary human keratinocytes and, using immunofluorescence, that these complexes are localized at the plasma membrane, in keeping with a role in adhesion. We confirmed that this protein is a key player of keratinocyte adhesion because in absence of interaction between CD98hc and integrins, β1 integrin failed to translocate from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane and keratinocytes expressed epidermal differentiation markers. CONCLUSIONS All these data strongly suggested that CD98hc is involved in integrin trafficking and by consequence, in keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation.
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Austin P, Heller M, Williams DE, McIntosh LP, Vogl AW, Foster LJ, Andersen RJ, Roberge M, Roskelley CD. Release of membrane-bound vesicles and inhibition of tumor cell adhesion by the peptide Neopetrosiamide A. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10836. [PMID: 20520768 PMCID: PMC2877099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neopetrosiamide A (NeoA) is a 28-amino acid tricyclic peptide originally isolated from a marine sponge as a tumor cell invasion inhibitor whose mechanism of action is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings We show that NeoA reversibly inhibits tumor cell adhesion, disassembles focal adhesions in pre-attached cells, and decreases the level of β1 integrin subunits on the cell surface. NeoA also induces the formation of dynamic, membrane-bound protrusions on the surface of treated cells and the release of membrane-bound vesicles into the culture medium. Proteomic analysis indicates that the vesicles contain EGF and transferrin receptors as well as a number of proteins involved in adhesion and migration including: β1 integrin and numerous α integrin subunits; actin and actin-binding proteins such as cofilin, moesin and myosin 1C; and membrane modulating eps15 homology domain (EHD) proteins. Surface labeling, trafficking inhibition, and real-time imaging experiments all suggest that β1 integrin-containing vesicles are released directly from NeoA-induced cell surface protrusions rather than from vesicles generated intracellularly. The biological activity of NeoA is dependent on its disulfide bond pattern and NMR spectroscopy indicates that the peptide is globular with a continuous ridge of hydrophobic groups flanked by charged amino acid residues that could facilitate a simultaneous interaction with lipids and proteins in the membrane. Conclusions/Significance NeoA is an anti-adhesive peptide that decreases cell surface integrin levels through a novel, yet to be elucidated, mechanism that involves the release of adhesion molecule-containing vesicles from the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Austin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Markus Heller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lawrence P. McIntosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A. Wayne Vogl
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Calvin D. Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The Program in Breast Cancer Metastasis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Ye F, Hu G, Taylor D, Ratnikov B, Bobkov AA, McLean MA, Sligar SG, Taylor KA, Ginsberg MH. Recreation of the terminal events in physiological integrin activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 188:157-73. [PMID: 20048261 PMCID: PMC2812850 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200908045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro analysis confirms talin binding is sufficient for activation and extension of membrane-embedded integrin. Increased affinity of integrins for the extracellular matrix (activation) regulates cell adhesion and migration, extracellular matrix assembly, and mechanotransduction. Major uncertainties concern the sufficiency of talin for activation, whether conformational change without clustering leads to activation, and whether mechanical force is required for molecular extension. Here, we reconstructed physiological integrin activation in vitro and used cellular, biochemical, biophysical, and ultrastructural analyses to show that talin binding is sufficient to activate integrin αIIbβ3. Furthermore, we synthesized nanodiscs, each bearing a single lipid-embedded integrin, and used them to show that talin activates unclustered integrins leading to molecular extension in the absence of force or other membrane proteins. Thus, we provide the first proof that talin binding is sufficient to activate and extend membrane-embedded integrin αIIbβ3, thereby resolving numerous controversies and enabling molecular analysis of reconstructed integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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40
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Fogelstrand P, Féral CC, Zargham R, Ginsberg MH. Dependence of proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells on CD98hc (4F2hc, SLC3A2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2397-406. [PMID: 19841087 PMCID: PMC2768859 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to migrate and proliferate is essential for the formation of intimal hyperplasia. Hence, selectively targeting activated VSMCs is a potential strategy against vaso-occlusive disorders such as in-stent restenosis, vein-graft stenosis, and transplant vasculopathy. We show that CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) is markedly up-regulated in neointimal and cultured VSMCs, and that activated but not quiescent VSMCs require CD98hc for survival. CD98hc mediates integrin signaling and localizes amino acid transporters to the plasma membrane. SMC-specific deletion of CD98hc did not affect normal vessel morphology, indicating that CD98hc was not required for the maintenance of resident quiescent VSMCs; however, CD98hc deletion reduced intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Ex vivo and in vitro, loss of CD98hc suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in VSMCs. Furthermore, reconstitution with CD98hc mutants showed that CD98hc interaction with integrins was necessary for the survival of VSMCs. These studies establish the importance of CD98hc in VSMC proliferation and survival. Furthermore, loss of CD98hc was selectively deleterious to activated VSMCs while sparing resident quiescent VSMCs, suggesting that activated VSMCs are physiologically dependent on CD98hc, and hence, CD98hc is a potential therapeutic target in vaso-occlusive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Fogelstrand
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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41
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Drosophila expresses a CD98 transporter with an evolutionarily conserved structure and amino acid-transport properties. Biochem J 2009; 420:363-72. [PMID: 19335336 DOI: 10.1042/bj20082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian CD98 heterodimeric amino acid transporters consist of a promiscuous single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, CD98hc (CD98 heavy chain), and one of six multipass transmembrane proteins or 'light chains'. The heterodimeric complexes of CD98hc and the light chains LAT1 (L-type amino acid transporter 1) or LAT2 specifically promote sodium-independent System L exchange of neutral amino acids, including leucine. CD98hc is also implicated in other processes, including cell fusion, cell adhesion and activation of TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling. Surprisingly, recent reports suggested that insects lack a membrane-bound CD98hc, but in the present study we show that Drosophila CG2791 encodes a functional CD98hc orthologue with conservation in intracellular, transmembrane and extracellular domains. We demonstrate by RNA-interference knockdown in Drosophila Schneider cells that CG2791 and two Drosophila homologues of the mammalian CD98 light chains, Mnd (Minidiscs) and JhI-21, are required for normal levels of System L transport. Furthermore, we show that System L activity is increased by methoprene, an analogue of the developmentally regulated endocrine hormone juvenile hormone, an effect that is potentially mediated by elevated Mnd expression. Co-expression of CG2791 and JhI-21, but not CG2791 and Mnd, in Xenopus oocytes mediates System L transport. Finally, mapping of conserved sequences on to the recently determined crystal structure of the human CD98hc extracellular domain highlights two conserved exposed hydrophobic patches at either end of the domain that are potential protein-protein-interaction surfaces. Therefore our results not only show that there is functional conservation of CD98hc System L transporters in flies, but also provide new insights into the structure, functions and regulation of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
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42
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Legate KR, Fässler R. Mechanisms that regulate adaptor binding to beta-integrin cytoplasmic tails. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:187-98. [PMID: 19118211 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.041624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells recognize and respond to their extracellular environment through transmembrane receptors such as integrins, which physically connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Integrins provide the basis for the assembly of intracellular signaling platforms that link to the cytoskeleton and influence nearly every aspect of cell physiology; however, integrins possess no enzymatic or actin-binding activity of their own and thus rely on adaptor molecules, which bind to the short cytoplasmic tails of integrins, to mediate and regulate these functions. Many adaptors compete for relatively few binding sites on integrin tails, so regulatory mechanisms have evolved to reversibly control the spatial and temporal binding of specific adaptors. This Commentary discusses the adaptor proteins that bind directly to the tails of beta integrins and, using talin, tensin, filamin, 14-3-3 and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as examples, describes the ways in which their binding is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Legate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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43
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CD98hc facilitates B cell proliferation and adaptive humoral immunity. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:412-9. [PMID: 19270713 PMCID: PMC2672195 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of antigen-specific lymphocytes and resulting clonal expansion are essential for adaptive immunity. We report here that B cell-specific deletion of the heavy chain of CD98 (CD98hc) resulted in lower antibody responses due to total suppression of B cell proliferation and subsequent plasma cell formation. Deletion of CD98hc did not impair early B cell activation but did inhibit later activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk1/2 and downregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27. Reconstitution of CD98hc-deficient B cells with CD98hc mutants showed that the integrin-binding domain of CD98hc was required for B cell proliferation but that the amino acid-transport function of CD98hc was dispensable for this. Thus, CD98hc supports integrin-dependent rapid proliferation of B cells. We propose that the advantage of adaptive immunity favored the appearance of CD98hc in vertebrates.
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Kim SM, Hahn JH. CD98 activation increases surface expression and clusteringof beta1 integrins in MCF-7 cells through FAK/Src- and cytoskeleton-independent mechanisms. Exp Mol Med 2009; 40:261-70. [PMID: 18587263 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2008.40.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CD98, a disulfide-linked 125-kDa heterodimeric type II transmembrane glycoprotein, regulates beta1 integrin- mediated cell adhesion. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CD98-mediated activation of beta1 integrin are presently unclear. In this study, the effects of CD98 signaling on the expression and clustering of beta1 integrin were investigated. Activation of CD98 augmented surface expression of beta1 integrin on MCF-7 cells. Cross-linking CD98 induced clustering of beta1 integrins. Inhibition of phosphorylation of focal adhesion kimase (FAK) by PP2, an inhibitor of Src family kinase, reduced cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, but not surface expression and clustering of beta1 integrin on MCF-7 cells. This result was confirmed by over-expression of dominant negative forms of FAK. In addition, phalloidin or cytochalasin D inhibited CD98-mediated induction of cell-ECM adhesion, but not surface expression and clustering of beta1 integrins. The inhibitory effects of PP2, cytochalasin D or phalloidin on CD98-stimulated cell adhesion were diminished by pretreatment of cells with Mn2+, which is shown to induce conformational change of integrins. These results provide the first evidence that CD98 activation increases not only beta1 integrin affinity but also its surface expression and clustering and the latter is independent of FAK/Src and cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Vascular System Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
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45
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Yan Y, Vasudevan S, Nguyen HTT, Merlin D. Intestinal epithelial CD98: an oligomeric and multifunctional protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2008; 1780:1087-92. [PMID: 18625289 PMCID: PMC2602860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial cell-surface molecule, CD98 is a type II membrane glycoprotein. Molecular orientation studies have demonstrated that the C-terminal tail of human CD98 (hCD98), which contains a PDZ-binding domain, is extracellular. In intestinal epithelial cells, CD98 is covalently linked to an amino-acid transporter with which it forms a heterodimer. This heterodimer associates with beta(1)-integrin and intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM-1) to form a macromolecular complex in the basolateral membranes of polarized intestinal epithelial cells. This review focuses on the multifunctional roles of CD98, including involvement in extracellular signaling, adhesion/polarity, and amino-acid transporter expression in intestinal epithelia. A role for CD98 in intestinal inflammation, such as Intestinal Bowel Disease (IBD), is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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46
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Kobayashi K, Ohnishi A, Promsuk J, Shimizu S, Kanai Y, Shiokawa Y, Nagane M. Enhanced tumor growth elicited by L-type amino acid transporter 1 in human malignant glioma cells. Neurosurgery 2008; 62:493-503; discussion 503-4. [PMID: 18382329 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000316018.51292.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression and function of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), a major catalytic subunit of system L that is responsible for the transport of large neutral amino acids, including most essential amino acids, in concert with the covalently bound 4F2 heavy chain, and is implicated in tumorigenesis. METHODS Human glioma cell lines and tumor specimens were analyzed for LAT1 expression using Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The rate of neutral amino acid uptake was measured using L-[C]leucine. The proliferation and apoptosis rates were analyzed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling assays, respectively, on inhibition of system L by 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid. The effects on proliferation and tumor growth caused by exogenously overexpressed LAT1 were similarly analyzed. RESULTS LAT1 was expressed in most human high-grade gliomas and glioma cell lines at various levels, with more ubiquitous expression of 4F2 heavy chain. Glioma cells with high LAT1 expression exhibited a marked increase in the uptake rate of L-[C]leucine. 2-Aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid treatment not only suppressed deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in association with the up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 but also enhanced apoptosis with caspase activation, thereby exerting both cytostatic and cytocidal effects in glioma cells with high LAT1 expression levels. Furthermore, overexpression of LAT1 in glioma cells with low endogenous LAT1 expression significantly enhanced the rates of tumor cell growth in athymic mice. CONCLUSION LAT1, the major transporter of system L, is frequently expressed at higher levels in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas and brain tissues, and it may play an important role in enhancing the rates of tumor cell proliferation and growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Cyclophilin B induces integrin-mediated cell adhesion by a mechanism involving CD98-dependent activation of protein kinase C-delta and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:616-28. [PMID: 18054915 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Initially identified as a cyclosporin-A binding protein, cyclophilin B (CyPB) is an inflammatory mediator that induces adhesion of T lymphocytes to fibronectin, by a mechanism dependent on CD147 and alpha 4 beta 1 integrins. Recent findings have suggested that another cell membrane protein, CD98, may cooperate with CD147 to regulate beta1 integrin functions. Based on these functional relationships, we examined the contribution of CD98 in the pro-adhesive activity of CyPB, by utilizing the responsive promonocyte cell line THP-1. We demonstrated that cross-linking CD98 with CD98-AHN-18 antibody mimicked the responses induced by CyPB, i.e. homotypic aggregation, integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin and activation of p44/42 MAPK. Consistent with previous data, immunoprecipitation confirmed the existence of a heterocomplex wherein CD147, CD98 and beta1 integrins were associated. We then demonstrated that CyPB-induced cell adhesion and p44/42 MAPK activation were dependent on the participation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and subsequent activation of protein kinase C-delta. Finally, silencing the expression of CD98 by RNA interference potently reduced CyPB-induced cell responses, thus confirming the role of CD98 in the pro-adhesive activity of CyPB. Altogether, our results support a model whereby CyPB induces integrin-mediated adhesion via interaction with a multimolecular unit formed by the association between CD147, CD98 and beta1 integrins.
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48
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Prager GW, Féral CC, Kim C, Han J, Ginsberg MH. CD98hc (SLC3A2) Interaction with the Integrin β Subunit Cytoplasmic Domain Mediates Adhesive Signaling. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:24477-84. [PMID: 17597067 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702877200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, beta1 integrin adhesion receptors generate signals that mediate cell spreading, migration, proliferation, and survival. CD98, a heterodimeric transmembrane protein, physically associates with certain integrin beta subunit cytoplasmic domains (tails) via its heavy chain, CD98hc (SLC3A2), and loss of CD98hc impairs integrin signaling. Here we have used the lack of CD98hc interaction with the Drosophila integrin betaPS tail for a homology scanning analysis that implicated the C-terminal 8 residues of beta3 (Thr(755)-Thr(802)) in CD98hc binding. We then identified point mutations in the beta3 C terminus (T755K and T758M) that abolish CD98hc association and a double mutation in the corresponding residues in the betaPS tail (K839T,M842T), which resulted in gain of CD98hc interaction. Furthermore, the loss of function beta3(T755K) mutation or the gain of function beta3/betaPS(K839T,M842T) led to a loss or gain of integrin-mediated cell spreading, respectively. Thus, we have identified critical integrin residues required for CD98hc interaction and in doing so have shown that CD98c interaction with the integrin beta tail is required for its ability to mediate integrin signaling. These studies also provide new insights into how CD98hc may cooperate with other cytoplasmic domain binding proteins to modulate integrin functions and into the evolution of integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Prager
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Yan Y, Vasudevan S, Nguyen H, Bork U, Sitaraman S, Merlin D. Extracellular Interaction between hCD98 and the PDZ Class II Domain of hCASK in Intestinal Epithelia. J Membr Biol 2007; 215:15-26. [PMID: 17437146 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-007-9001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular domain of the glycoprotein-associated integrin hCD98 protrudes into the basolateral extracellular space of the intestine and contains a PDZ class II-binding domain (GLLLRFPYAA, amino acids 520-529). Protein-protein interaction studies in vitro as well as in human colonic sections and Caco2-BBE cells have revealed that hCD98 coimmunoprecipitated with the basolateral membrane-associated guanylate kinase hCASK and that this interaction occurred in a PDZ domain-dependent manner. These novel results, which provide the first evidence for a PDZ domain-dependent interaction between a membrane protein and an extracellular protein, open a new field of investigation related to extracellular signaling in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Yan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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50
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Lee SJ, Kim KH, Park JS, Jung JW, Kim YH, Kim SK, Kim WS, Goh HG, Kim SH, Yoo JS, Kim DW, Kim KP. Comparative analysis of cell surface proteins in chronic and acute leukemia cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357:620-6. [PMID: 17449014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify the cell surface protein markers that can differentiate between chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (APL). The differentially expressed plasma membrane proteins were analyzed between CML cell line (K562) and APL cell line (NB4) using the comparative proteomic approach. The cell membrane proteins were enriched by labeling with a membrane-impermeable biotinylation reagent, sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, and subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). By comparative proteomic analysis of K562 and NB4 cells, we identified 25 membrane and 14 membrane-associated proteins. The result of LC-MS/MS combined with chemical tagging method was validated by confirming the expression and localization of one of the differentially expressed plasma membrane proteins, CD43, by FACS and confocal microscopy. Our results indicate that CD43 could be a potential candidate for differentiating CML from APL.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/chemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/isolation & purification
- Biotinylation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Cytophotometry/methods
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukosialin/analysis
- Leukosialin/chemistry
- Leukosialin/isolation & purification
- Mass Spectrometry/methods
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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