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Bauer CD, Mosley DD, Samuelson DR, Poole JA, Smith DR, Knoell DL, Wyatt TA. Zinc Protects against Swine Barn Dust-Induced Cilia Slowing. Biomolecules 2024; 14:843. [PMID: 39062557 PMCID: PMC11274422 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Agricultural workers exposed to organic dust from swine concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have increased chances of contracting chronic lung disease. Mucociliary clearance represents a first line of defense against inhaled dusts, but organic dust extracts (ODEs) from swine barns cause cilia slowing, leading to decreased bacterial clearance and increased lung inflammation. Because nutritional zinc deficiency is associated with chronic lung disease, we examined the role of zinc supplementation in ODE-mediated cilia slowing. Ciliated mouse tracheal epithelial cells were pretreated with 0-10 µg/mL ZinProTM for 1 h, followed by treatment with 5% ODE for 24 h. Cilia beat frequency (CBF) and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) activity were assayed. ODE treatment resulted in cilia slowing after 24 h, which was reversed with 0.5 and 1.0 µg/mL ZinPro pre-treatment. No zinc protection was observed at 50 ng/mL, and ciliated cells detached at high concentrations (100 µg/mL). ZinPro alone produced no changes in the baseline CBF and showed no toxicity to the cells at concentrations of up to 10 µg/mL. Pre-treatment with ZinPro inhibited ODE-stimulated PKCε activation in a dose-dependent manner. Based on ZinPro's superior cell permeability compared to zinc salts, it may be therapeutically more effective at reversing ODE-mediated cilia slowing through a PKCε pathway. These data demonstrate that zinc supplementation may support the mucociliary transport apparatus in the protection of CAFO workers against dust-mediated chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.D.B.); (D.D.M.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Deanna D. Mosley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.D.B.); (D.D.M.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Derrick R. Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.D.B.); (D.D.M.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Deandra R. Smith
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (D.R.S.); (D.L.K.)
| | - Daren L. Knoell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (D.R.S.); (D.L.K.)
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.D.B.); (D.D.M.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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Gucký A, Hamuľaková S. Targeting Biometals in Alzheimer's Disease with Metal Chelating Agents Including Coumarin Derivatives. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:507-532. [PMID: 38829443 PMCID: PMC11182807 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Numerous physiological processes happening in the human body, including cerebral development and function, require the participation of biometal ions such as iron, copper, and zinc. Their dyshomeostasis may, however, contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases. Chelation of biometal ions is therefore a therapeutic strategy against AD. This review provides a survey of natural and synthetic chelating agents that are or could potentially be used to target the metal hypothesis of AD. Since metal dyshomeostasis is not the only pathological aspect of AD, and the nature of this disorder is very complex and multifactiorial, the most efficient therapeutics should target as many neurotoxic factors as possible. Various coumarin derivatives match this description and apart from being able to chelate metal ions, they exhibit the capacity to inhibit cholinesterases (ChEs) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) while also possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and numerous other beneficial effects. Compounds based on the coumarin scaffold therefore represent a desirable class of anti-AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gucký
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Slávka Hamuľaková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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3
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Chen Y. Advances in Organic Fluorescent Probes for Intracellular Zn 2+ Detection and Bioimaging. Molecules 2024; 29:2542. [PMID: 38893419 PMCID: PMC11173588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc ions (Zn2+) play a key role in maintaining and regulating protein structures and functions. To better understand the intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis and signaling role, various fluorescent sensors have been developed that allow the monitoring of Zn2+ concentrations and bioimaging in live cells in real time. This review highlights the recent development of organic fluorescent probes for the detection and imaging of intracellular Zn2+, including the design and construction of the probes, fluorescent response mechanisms, and their applications to intracellular Zn2+ detection and imaging on-site. Finally, the current challenges and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Cao J, Wang M, She Y, Zheng L, Jin F, Shao Y, Wang J, Abd El-Aty AM. Highly Sensitive and Rapid Screening Technique for the Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides and Copper Compounds Using Bifunctional Recombinant TrxA-PvCarE1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5003-5013. [PMID: 38408326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Enabling the detection of organophosphate pesticide (OP) residues through enzyme inhibition-based technology is crucial for ensuring food safety and human health. However, the use of acetylcholinesterase, the primary target enzyme for OPs, isolated from animals in practical production poses challenges in terms of sensitivity and batch stability. To address this issue, we identified a highly sensitive and reproducible biorecognition element, TrxA-PvCarE1, derived from red kidney beans and successfully overexpressed it in Escherichia coli. The resulting recombinant TrxA-PvCarE1 exhibited remarkable sensitivity toward 10 OPs, surpassing that of commercial acetylcholinesterase. Additionally, this approach demonstrated the capability to simultaneously detect copper compounds with high sensitivity, expanding the range of pesticides detectable using the traditional enzyme inhibition method. Spiking recovery tests conducted on cowpea and carrot samples verified the suitability of the TrxA-PvCarE1-based technique for real-life sample analysis. In summary, this study highlights a promising comprehensive candidate for the rapid detection of pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunling Shao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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BALTACI SB, GÜMÜŞ H, ÜNAL Ö, ACAR G, BAYIROĞLU AF. Zinc Supplementation Improves ZIP14 (SLC39A14) Levels in Cerebral Cortex Suppressed by icv-STZ Injection. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2024; 61:11-14. [PMID: 38496222 PMCID: PMC10943940 DOI: 10.29399/npa.28426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic dysfunctions are critical in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Impaired zinc homeostasis, in particular, is a significant issue in this disease that has yet to be explained. Gene expression of ZIP14 in brain tissue has been previously reported. But to date, only one study has reported reduced ZIP14 levels in aged brain tissue. We investigated how dietary zinc deprivation and supplementation impact ZIP14 levels in the cerebral cortex in rats with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAH) produced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ). Impaired zinc homeostasis, in particular, is a significant issue with this condition that has yet to be elucidated. Methods Animals were divided into 5 groups in equal numbers (n=8): Sham 1 group: icv received artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF); Sham 2 group: retrieved icv aCSF and intraperitoneal (ip) saline, STZ group: received 3 mg/kg icv-STZ; STZ-Zn-Deficient group: received 3 mg/kg icv-STZ and fed a zinc-deprived diet; STZ-Zn-Supplemented: It received 3 mg/kg icv-STZ and ip zinc sulfate (5 mg/kg/day ZIP 14 levels (ng/L) in cortex tissue samples taken from animals sacrificed under general anesthesia were determined by ELISA at the final stage of the experimental applications. Results Decreased ZIP14 levels in the sporadic Alzheimer's group were severely by zinc deficiency. Zinc supplementation treated the reduction in ZIP14 levels. Conclusion The results of the current study show that ZIP14 levels in cerebral cortex tissue, which are suppressed in the experimental rat Alzheimer model and are even more critically reduced in zinc deficiency, can be restored by zinc supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltuk Buğra BALTACI
- İstanbul Medipol University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Haluk GÜMÜŞ
- Selçuk University Medical Faculty, Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ömer ÜNAL
- Kırıkkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Gözde ACAR
- Selçuk University Medical Faculty, Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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Jolly J, Cheatham TC, Blackburn JS. Phosphatase and Pseudo-Phosphatase Functions of Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver 3 (PRL-3) Are Insensitive to Divalent Metals In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30578-30589. [PMID: 37636930 PMCID: PMC10448674 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) is associated with cancer metastasis and has been shown to interact with the cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator (CNNM) family of proteins to regulate the intracellular concentration of magnesium and other divalent metals. Despite PRL-3's importance in cancer, factors that regulate PRL-3's phosphatase activity and its interactions with CNNM proteins remain unknown. Here, we show that divalent metal ions, including magnesium, calcium, and manganese, have no impact on PRL-3's structure, stability, phosphatase activity, or CNNM binding capacity, indicating that PRL-3 does not act as a metal sensor, despite its interaction with CNNM metal transporters. In vitro approaches found that PRL-3 is a broad but not indiscriminate phosphatase, with activity toward di- and tri-nucleotides, phosphoinositols, and NADPH but not other common metabolites. Although calcium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc-binding sites were predicted near the PRL-3 active site, these divalent metals did not specifically alter PRL-3's phosphatase activity toward a generic substrate, its transition from an inactive phospho-cysteine intermediate state, or its direct binding with the CBS domain of CNNM. PRL-3's insensitivity to metal cations negates the possibility of its role as an intracellular metal content sensor for regulating CNNM activity. Further investigation is warranted to define the regulatory mechanisms governing PRL-3's phosphatase activity and CNNM interactions, as these findings could hold potential therapeutic implications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery
T. Jolly
- Department
of Cellular & Molecular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Markey
Cancer Center at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Ty C. Cheatham
- Department
of Cellular & Molecular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Markey
Cancer Center at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jessica S. Blackburn
- Department
of Cellular & Molecular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Markey
Cancer Center at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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7
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Lima CKF, Sisnande T, Silva RVDA, Silva VDCSDA, Amaral JJDO, Ochs SM, Santos BLRD, Miranda ALPDE, Lima LMTR. Zinc deficiency disrupts pain signaling promoting nociceptive but not inflammatory pain in mice. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220914. [PMID: 37585970 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient involved in the physiology of nervous system and pain modulation. There is little evidence for the role of nutritional Zn alternations to the onset and progression of neuropathic (NP) and inflammatory pain. The study investigated the effects of a zinc restricted diet on the development of pain. Weaned mice were submitted to a regular (38 mg/kg of Zn) or Zn deficient (11 mg/kg of Zn) diets for four weeks, pain responses evaluated (mechanical, cold and heat allodynia; formalin- and carrageenan-induced inflammatory hypernociception), plasma and tissues collected for biochemical and metabolomic analysis. Zn deficient diet inhibited animal growth (37%) and changed mice sensitivity pattern, inducing an intense allodynia evoked by mechanical, cold and heat stimulus for four weeks. The inflammatory pain behavior of formalin test was drastically reduced or absent when challenged by an inflammatory stimulus. Zn restriction also reduce plasma TNF, increase neuronal activation, oxidative stress, indicating a disruption of the immune response. Liver metabolomic analyses suggest a downregulation of lipid metabolism of arachidonic acid. Zn restriction since weaned disrupts pain signaling considerably and reduce inflammatory pain. Zn could be considered a predisposing factor for the onset of chronic pain such as painful neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleverton Kleiton F Lima
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica e Nutricional (pbiotech), CCS, Bloco Bss24, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Estudos em Farmacologia Experimental (LEFEx), CCS, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tháyna Sisnande
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica e Nutricional (pbiotech), CCS, Bloco Bss24, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela V DA Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Estudos em Farmacologia Experimental (LEFEx), CCS, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Domitilla C S DA Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Estudos em Farmacologia Experimental (LEFEx), CCS, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julio J DO Amaral
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, Laboratório de Macromoléculas (LAMAC-DIMAV), Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém, 25250-020 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Soraya M Ochs
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, Laboratório de Macromoléculas (LAMAC-DIMAV), Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém, 25250-020 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna L R Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica e Nutricional (pbiotech), CCS, Bloco Bss24, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Estudos em Farmacologia Experimental (LEFEx), CCS, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa P DE Miranda
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Estudos em Farmacologia Experimental (LEFEx), CCS, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luís Maurício T R Lima
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica e Nutricional (pbiotech), CCS, Bloco Bss24, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, Laboratório de Macromoléculas (LAMAC-DIMAV), Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém, 25250-020 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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8
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Zhu B, Yang C, Liu D, Zhi Q, Hua ZC. Zinc depletion induces JNK/p38 phosphorylation and suppresses Akt/mTOR expression in acute promyelocytic NB4 cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127264. [PMID: 37473591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid leukemia is associated with reduced serum zinc and increased intracellular zinc. Our previous studies found that zinc depletion by TPEN induced apoptosis with PML-RARα oncoprotein degradation in acute promyelocytic NB4 cells. The effect of zinc homeostasis on intracellular signaling pathways in myeloid leukemia cells remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examined how zinc homeostasis affected MAPK and Akt/mTOR pathways in NB4 cells. METHODS We used western blotting to detect the activation of p38 MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, and Akt/mTOR pathways in NB4 cells stimulated with the zinc chelator TPEN. Whether the effects of TPEN on these pathways could be reversed by zinc or the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was further explored by western blotting. We used Zinpyr-1 staining to assess the role of SNP on labile zinc levels in NB4 cells treated with TPEN. In additional, we evaluated expressional correlations between the zinc-binding protein Metallothionein-2A (MT2A) and genes related to MAPKs and Akt/mTOR pathways in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on the TCGA database. RESULTS Zinc depletion by TPEN activated p38 and JNK phosphorylation in NB4 cells, whereas ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased first and then decreased. The protein expression levels of Akt and mTOR were downregulated by TPEN. The nitric oxide donor SNP promotes zinc release in NB4 cells under zinc depletion conditions. We further found that the effects of zinc depletion on MAPK and Akt/mTOR pathways in NB4 cells can be reversed by exogenous zinc supplementation or treatment with the nitric oxide donor SNP. By bioinformatics analyses based on the TCGA database, we demonstrated that MT2A expression was negatively correlated with the expression of JNK, and was positively correlated with the expression of ERK1 and Akt in AML. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that zinc plays a critical role in leukemia cells and help understanding how zinc depletion induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Chunhao Yang
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Dekang Liu
- School of Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qi Zhi
- School of Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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9
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Menzikov SA, Zaichenko DM, Moskovtsev AA, Morozov SG, Kubatiev AA. Zinc Inhibits the GABA AR/ATPase during Postnatal Rat Development: The Role of Cysteine Residue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032764. [PMID: 36769085 PMCID: PMC9917249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc ions (Zn2+) are concentrated in various brain regions and can act as a neuromodulator, targeting a wide spectrum of postsynaptic receptors and enzymes. Zn2+ inhibits the GABAARs, and its potency is profoundly affected by the subunit composition and neuronal developmental stage. Although the extracellular amino acid residues of the receptor's hetero-oligomeric structure are preferred for Zn2+ binding, there are intracellular sites that, in principle, could coordinate its potency. However, their role in modulating the receptor function during postembryonic development remains unclear. The GABAAR possesses an intracellular ATPase that enables the energy-dependent anion transport via a pore. Here, we propose a mechanistic and molecular basis for the inhibition of intracellular GABAAR/ATPase function by Zn2+ in neonatal and adult rats. The enzymes within the scope of GABAAR performance as Cl-ATPase and then as Cl-, HCO3-ATPase form during the first week of postnatal rat development. In addition, we have shown that the Cl-ATPase form belongs to the β1 subunit, whereas the β3 subunit preferably possesses the Cl-, HCO3-ATPase activity. We demonstrated that a Zn2+ with variable efficacy inhibits the GABAAR as well as the ATPase activities of immature or mature neurons. Using fluorescence recording in the cortical synaptoneurosomes (SNs), we showed a competitive association between Zn2+ and NEM in parallel changes both in the ATPase activity and the GABAAR-mediated Cl- and HCO3- fluxes. Finally, by site-directed mutagenesis, we identified in the M3 domain of β subunits the cysteine residue (C313) that is essential for the manifestation of Zn2+ potency.
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10
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Dischler AM, Maslar D, Zhang C, Qin Y. Development and Characterization of a Red Fluorescent Protein-Based Sensor RZnP1 for the Detection of Cytosolic Zn 2. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3838-3845. [PMID: 36508266 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent sensors have been developed to record Zn2+ dynamics and measure Zn2+ concentrations within the cell. Most previous efforts on developing single-wavelength sensors are focused on green sensors. Here, we engineer a genetically encoded, single red fluorescent protein-based Zn2+ sensor, Red Zinc Probe (RZnP1), which can detect intracellular concentrations of Zn2+. RZnP1 demonstrates a sensitive response to cytosolic Zn2+ (Kd = 438 pM), decent brightness (quantum yield (QY) = 0.15), good in situ dynamic range (Fmax/Fmin = 4.0), and specificity for Zn2+ over other biologically relevant metal cations. RZnP1 offers a way to image Zn2+ with multiple intracellular ions in tandem. We demonstrate the simultaneous recording of Zn2+ and Ca2+ using RZnP1 alongside the Ca2+ sensor GCaMP5G in HeLa cells. We also use RZnP1 with mito-GZnP2, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based mitochondrial Zn2+ sensor, to track Zn2+ dynamics in the cytosol and mitochondria concurrently in rat primary neuron culture. Our work not only expands the toolbox of Zn2+ sensors but also demonstrates techniques for imaging Zn2+ dynamics along with other cations and between multiple subcellular compartments simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Dischler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado80210, United States
| | - Drew Maslar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado80210, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado80210, United States
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado80210, United States
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11
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Voloshina M, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Vechkanov E, Mandzhieva S, Mazarji M, Churyukina E, Plotnikov A, Krepakova M, Wong MH. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2759. [PMID: 36297783 PMCID: PMC9607964 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the toxic implications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the physio-biochemical responses of spring barley (Hordeum sativum L.). The experiments were designed in a hydroponic system, and H. sativum was treated with two concentrations of ZnO NPs, namely 300 and 2000 mg/L. The findings demonstrated that ZnO NPs prevent the growth of H. sativum through the modulation of the degree of oxidative stress and the metabolism of antioxidant enzymes. The results showed increased malondialdehyde (MDA) by 1.17- and 1.69-fold, proline by 1.03- and 1.09-fold, and catalase (CAT) by 1.4- and 1.6-fold in shoots for ZnO NPs at 300 and 2000 mg/L, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 2 and 3.3 times, ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) by 1.2 and 1.3 times, glutathione-s-transferase (GST) by 1.2 and 2.5 times, and glutathione reductase (GR) by 1.8 and 1.3 times in roots at 300 and 2000 mg/L, respectively. However, the level of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) decreased by 1.4 and 1.3 times in roots and by 1.1 times in both treatments (nano-300 and nano-2000), respectively, indicating changes in the chlorophyll metabolic pathway. The outcomes can be utilized to create a plan of action for plants to withstand the stress brought on by the presence of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Voloshina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Vechkanov
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Mahmoud Mazarji
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Ella Churyukina
- Division for Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases, Rostov State Medical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Andrey Plotnikov
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Maria Krepakova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong 999077, China
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12
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Zhang C, Dischler A, Glover K, Qin Y. Neuronal signalling of zinc: from detection and modulation to function. Open Biol 2022; 12:220188. [PMID: 36067793 PMCID: PMC9448499 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that stabilizes protein structures and allosterically modulates a plethora of enzymes, ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Labile zinc (Zn2+) acts as an intracellular and intercellular signalling molecule in response to various stimuli, which is especially important in the central nervous system. Zincergic neurons, characterized by Zn2+ deposits in synaptic vesicles and presynaptic Zn2+ release, are found in the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb and spinal cord. To provide an overview of synaptic Zn2+ and intracellular Zn2+ signalling in neurons, the present paper summarizes the fluorescent sensors used to detect Zn2+ signals, the cellular mechanisms regulating the generation and buffering of Zn2+ signals, as well as the current perspectives on their pleiotropic effects on phosphorylation signalling, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, as well as sensory and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Anna Dischler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Glover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
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13
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Asghari K, Shargh Z, Fatehfar S, Chodari L, Sameei P. The impact of zinc on the molecular signaling pathways in the diabetes disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126985. [PMID: 35429747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Since there's been an upsurge in people with diabetes or pre-diabetes conditions, many studies have been conducted to evaluate approaches for reducing the complications of diabetes. One of the most common therapeutic elements suggested for this purpose is zinc (Zn). Zn has long been shown to positively improve complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review aims to provide comprehensive information about the influence of Zn on the various signaling pathways in multiple tissues with diabetic conditions, with great attention to the treatment period and effective dose of Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Asghari
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Shargh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Fatehfar
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Parsa Sameei
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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14
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Recent development in chemosensor probes for the detection and imaging of zinc ions: a systematic review. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Zn2+ ions are essential in many physiological processes, including enzyme catalysis, protein structural stabilization, and the regulation of many proteins. The affinities of proteins for Zn2+ ions span several orders of magnitude, with catalytic Zn2+ ions generally held more tightly than structural or regulatory ones. Metal carrier proteins, most of which are not specific for Zn2+, bind these ions with a broad range of affinities that overlap those of catalytic, structural, and regulatory Zn2+ ions and are thought to be responsible for distributing the metal through most cells, tissues, and fluid compartments. While little is known about how many proteins obtain or release these ions, there is now considerable experimental evidence suggesting that metal carrier proteins may be responsible for transferring metals to and from some Zn2+-dependent proteins, thus serving as a major regulatory factor for them. In this review, the biological roles of Zn2+ and structures of Zn2+ binding sites are examined, and experimental evidence demonstrating the direct participation of metal carrier proteins in enzyme regulation is discussed. Mechanisms of metal ion transfer are also offered, and the potential physiological significance of this phenomenon is explored.
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16
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Abstract
The functions, purposes, and roles of metallothioneins have been the subject of speculations since the discovery of the protein over 60 years ago. This article guides through the history of investigations and resolves multiple contentions by providing new interpretations of the structure-stability-function relationship. It challenges the dogma that the biologically relevant structure of the mammalian proteins is only the one determined by X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. The terms metallothionein and thionein are ambiguous and insufficient to understand biological function. The proteins need to be seen in their biological context, which limits and defines the chemistry possible. They exist in multiple forms with different degrees of metalation and types of metal ions. The homoleptic thiolate coordination of mammalian metallothioneins is important for their molecular mechanism. It endows the proteins with redox activity and a specific pH dependence of their metal affinities. The proteins, therefore, also exist in different redox states of the sulfur donor ligands. Their coordination dynamics allows a vast conformational landscape for interactions with other proteins and ligands. Many fundamental signal transduction pathways regulate the expression of the dozen of human metallothionein genes. Recent advances in understanding the control of cellular zinc and copper homeostasis are the foundation for suggesting that mammalian metallothioneins provide a highly dynamic, regulated, and uniquely biological metal buffer to control the availability, fluctuations, and signaling transients of the most competitive Zn(II) and Cu(I) ions in cellular space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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17
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Majumder A, Dutta N, Dey S, Sow P, Samadder A, Vijaykumar G, Rangan K, Bera M. A Family of [Zn 6] Complexes from the Carboxylate-Bridge-Supported Assembly of [Zn 2] Building Units: Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic, and Systematic Biological Studies. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17608-17626. [PMID: 34761905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The three discrete [Zn6] complexes [Na3Zn6(cpdp)3(μ-Bz)3(CH3OH)6][ZnCl4][ZnCl3(H2O)]·3CH3OH·1.5H2O (1), [Na3Zn6(cpdp)3(μ-p-OBz)3(CH3OH)6]·2H2O (2), and [Na3Zn6(cpdp)3(μ-p-NO2Bz)3(CH3OH)6]Cl3·2H2O (3), supported by the carboxylate-based multidentate ligand N,N'-bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N'-bis[2-pyridylmethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol (H3cpdp), have been successfully synthesized and fully characterized (Bz = benzoate; p-OBz = dianion of p-hydroxybenzoic acid; p-NO2Bz = p-nitrobenzoate). The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-vis, NMR spectroscopy, PXRD, and thermal analysis, including single-crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 and 2. The molecular architectures of 1-3 are built from the self-assembly of their corresponding [Zn2] units, which are interconnected to the central [Na3(CH3OH)6]3+ core by six endogenous benzoate groups, with each linking one Zn(II) and one Na(I) ion in a μ2:η1:η1-syn-anti bidentate fashion. The composition of the (cpdp3-)3/(Zn2+)6 complexes in 1-3 has been observed to be 1:2, on the basis of the UV-vis titration and NMR spectroscopic results, which is further supported by X-ray crystallography. Systematic biological studies performed with a mice model suggested possible antidiabetic efficacy as well as anticancer activities of the complexes. When complexes 1-3 were administered intraperitoneally in mice, 1 showed a lowering in the blood glucose level, overall maintenance of the pancreatic tissue mass, restriction of DNA damage in pancreatic cells, and retention of lipid droplet (LD) frequency, whereas 2 and 3 showed hepatic tissue mass consistency by inhibiting the DNA damage in hepatic cells, prior to the exposure to a potent diabetic inducer, alloxan (ALX). Similar trends of results were observed in inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pancreatic and hepatic cells, as examined by spectrofluorometric methods. Thus, 1 seems to be a better compound for overall diabetic management and control, whereas 2 and 3 seem to be promising compounds for designing chemopreventive drugs against hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Nityananda Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Sudatta Dey
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Priyanka Sow
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Gonela Vijaykumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Manindranath Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
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18
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Narwane M, Dorairaj DP, Chang YL, Karvembu R, Huang YH, Chang HW, Hsu SCN. Tris-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazolyl Borate Zinc(II) Complexes: Synthesis, DNA/Protein Binding and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:7341. [PMID: 34885924 PMCID: PMC8659194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn(II) complexes bearing tris[3-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazolyl] borate (Tppy) ligand (1-3) was synthesized and examined by spectroscopic and analytical tools. Mononuclear [TppyZnCl] (1) has a Zn(II) centre with one arm (pyrazolyl-pyridyl) dangling outside the coordination sphere which is a novel finding in TppyZn(II) chemistry. In complex [TppyZn(H2O)][BF4] (2) hydrogen bonding interaction of aqua moiety stabilizes the dangling arm. In addition, solution state behaviour of complex 1 confirms the tridentate binding mode and reactivity studies show the exogenous axial substituents used to form the [TppyZnN3] (3). The complexes (1-3) were tested for their ability to bind with Calf thymus (CT) DNA and Bovine serum albumin (BSA) wherein they revealed to exhibit good binding constant values with both the biomolecules in the order of 104-105 M-1. The intercalative binding mode with CT DNA was confirmed from the UV-Visible absorption, viscosity, and ethidium bromide (EB) DNA displacement studies. Further, the complexes were tested for in vitro cytotoxic ability on four triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, HCC1937, and Hs 578T). All three complexes (1-3) exhibited good IC50 values (6.81 to 16.87 μM for 24 h as seen from the MTS assay) results which indicated that these complexes were found to be potential anticancer agents against the TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmath Narwane
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Centre, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.N.); (D.P.D.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Dorothy Priyanka Dorairaj
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Centre, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.N.); (D.P.D.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India;
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Centre, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.N.); (D.P.D.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India;
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sodio C. N. Hsu
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Centre, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.N.); (D.P.D.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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19
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Zinc-mediated activation of CREB pathway in proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:103. [PMID: 34635097 PMCID: PMC8504081 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor CREB is involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the role and regulatory signaling of CREB in PH. METHODS A series of techniques, including bioinformatics methods, western blot, cell proliferation and luciferase reporter assay were used to perform a comprehensive analysis of the role and regulation of CREB in proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PH. RESULTS Using bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the development of monocrotaline (MCT)- and hypoxia-induced PH, we found the overrepresentation of CRE-containing DEGs. Western blot analysis revealed a sustained increase in total- and phosphorylated-CREB in PASMCs isolated from rats treated with MCT. Similarly, an enhanced and prolonged serum-induced CREB phosphorylation was observed in hypoxia-pretreated PASMCs. The sustained CREB phosphorylation in PASMCs may be associated with multiple protein kinases phosphorylated CREB. Additionally, hierarchical clustering analysis showed reduced expression of the majority of CREB phosphatases in PH, including regulatory subunits of PP2A, Ppp2r2c and Ppp2r3a. Cell proliferation analysis showed increased PASMCs proliferation in MCT-induced PH, an effect relied on CREB-mediated transcriptional activity. Further analysis revealed the raised intracellular labile zinc possibly from ZIP12 was associated with reduced phosphatases, increased CREB-mediated transcriptional activity and PASMCs proliferation. CONCLUSIONS CREB pathway was overactivated in the development of PH and contributed to PASMCs proliferation, which was associated with multiple protein kinases and/or reduced CREB phosphatases and raised intracellular zinc. Thus, this study may provide a novel insight into the CREB pathway in the pathogenesis of PH. Video abstract.
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20
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Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) is an essential metal in biology, and its bioavailability is highly regulated. Many cell types exhibit fluctuations in Zn2+ that appear to play an important role in cellular function. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which Zn2+ dynamics influence cell physiology remain enigmatic. Here, we use a combination of fluorescent biosensors and cell perturbations to define how changes in intracellular Zn2+ impact kinase signaling pathways. By simultaneously monitoring Zn2+ dynamics and kinase activity in individual cells, we quantify changes in labile Zn2+ and directly correlate changes in Zn2+ with ERK and Akt activity. Under our experimental conditions, Zn2+ fluctuations are not toxic and do not activate stress-dependent kinase signaling. We demonstrate that while Zn2+ can nonspecifically inhibit phosphatases leading to sustained kinase activation, ERK and Akt are predominantly activated via upstream signaling and through a common node via Ras. We provide a framework for quantification of Zn2+ fluctuations and correlate these fluctuations with signaling events in single cells to shed light on the role that Zn2+ dynamics play in healthy cell signaling.
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21
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Abstract
Evidence for the importance of zinc for all immune cells and for mounting an efficient and balanced immune response to various environmental stressors has been accumulating in recent years. This article describes the role of zinc in fundamental biological processes and summarizes our current knowledge of zinc's effect on hematopoiesis, including differentiation into immune cell subtypes. In addition, the important role of zinc during activation and function of immune cells is detailed and associated with the specific immune responses to bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The association of zinc with autoimmune reactions and cancers as diseases with increased or decreased immune responses is also discussed. This article provides a broad overview of the manifold roles that zinc, or its deficiency, plays in physiology and during various diseases. Consequently, we discuss why zinc supplementation should be considered, especially for people at risk of deficiency. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | | | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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22
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Shellaiah M, Chen YT, Thirumalaivasan N, Aazaad B, Awasthi K, Sun KW, Wu SP, Lin MC, Ohta N. Pyrene-Based AIEE Active Nanoprobe for Zn 2+ and Tyrosine Detection Demonstrated by DFT, Bioimaging, and Organic Thin-Film Transistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28610-28626. [PMID: 34110776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) active nanoprobes without any synthetic complication for solution-state and organic thin-film transistor (OTFT)-based sensory applications is still a challenging task. In this study, the novel pyrene-incorporated Schiff base (5-phenyl-4-((pyren-1-ylmethylene)amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol; PT2) with an AIEE property was synthesized via a one-pot reaction and was reported for detecting Zn2+ and tyrosine in the solution state and OTFT. In the AIEE studies of PT2 (in CH3CN) at various water fractions (fw: 0-97.5%), the existence of J-aggregation, crystalline changes, and nanofibers formation was confirmed by ultraviolet absorption/photoluminescence (UV/PL) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic-light scattering (DLS) techniques. Similarly, PT2-based Zn2+ detection and sensory reversibility with tyrosine were demonstrated by UV/PL studies with evidence related to crystalline/nanolevel changes in PXRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, and DLS data. Distinct decay profiles associated with the AIEE and sensory responses of PT2 were observed in time-resolved photoluminescence spectra. From the standard deviation and linear fittings of PL titrations, detection limits (LODs) of the Zn2+ with PT2 and the tyrosine with PT2-Zn2+ were estimated as 0.79 and 45 nM, respectively. High-resolution mass and 1H NMR results confirmed 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometry and binding sites of PT2-Zn2+-PT2* and tyrosine-Zn2+ complexes. Moreover, the values of association constants determined by linear fittings were 4.205 × 10-7 and 1.73 × 10-8 M-2, correspondingly. Optimization via the density functional theory disclosed the binding sites and suppression of twisted intramolecular charge transfer/photoinduced electron transfer (TICT/PET) as well as the involvement of restricted intramolecular rotation in the AIEE and PET "ON-OFF-ON" mechanisms in the Zn2+ and tyrosine sensors. Results from the B16-F10 cellular and zebrafish imaging of AIEE, Zn2+, and tyrosine sensors further attested the applicability of PT2 in biological samples. Finally, the PT2 and pentacene-incorporated OTFT devices were fabricated. The devices displayed more than 90% change in drain-source current when reacted with Zn2+ with an LOD of 5.46 μM but showed no response to tyrosine, thereby confirming the reversibility. Moreover, the OTFT devices also demonstrated Zn2+ ion detection in tap water and lake water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Shellaiah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Natesan Thirumalaivasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Basheer Aazaad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kamlesh Awasthi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kien Wen Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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23
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Zhang C, Maslar D, Minckley TF, LeJeune KD, Qin Y. Spontaneous, synchronous zinc spikes oscillate with neural excitability and calcium spikes in primary hippocampal neuron culture. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1838-1849. [PMID: 33638177 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc has been suggested to act as an intracellular signaling molecule due to its regulatory effects on numerous protein targets including enzymes, transcription factors, ion channels, neurotrophic factors, and postsynaptic scaffolding proteins. However, intracellular zinc concentration is tightly maintained at steady levels under natural physiological conditions. Dynamic changes in intracellular zinc concentration have only been detected in certain types of cells that are exposed to pathologic stimuli or upon receptor ligand binding. Unlike calcium, the ubiquitous signaling metal ion that can oscillate periodically and spontaneously in various cells, spontaneous zinc oscillations have never been reported. In this work, we made the novel observation that the developing neurons generated spontaneous and synchronous zinc spikes in primary hippocampal cultures using a fluorescent zinc sensor, FluoZin-3. Blocking of glutamate receptor-dependent calcium influx depleted the zinc spikes, suggesting that these zinc spikes were driven by the glutamate-mediated spontaneous neural excitability and calcium spikes that have been characterized in early developing neurons. Simultaneous imaging of calcium or pH together with zinc, we uncovered that a downward pH spike was evoked with each zinc spike and this transient cellular acidification occurred downstream of calcium spikes but upstream of zinc spikes. Our results suggest that spontaneous, synchronous zinc spikes were generated through calcium influx-induced cellular acidification, which liberates zinc from intracellular zinc binding ligands. Given that changes in zinc concentration can modulate activities of proteins essential for synapse maturation and neuronal differentiation, these zinc spikes might act as important signaling roles in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Drew Maslar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Taylor F Minckley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kate D LeJeune
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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24
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Interactions of zinc- and redox-signaling pathways. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101916. [PMID: 33662875 PMCID: PMC7937829 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc and cellular oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) each participate in a multitude of physiological functions. There is considerable overlap between the affected events, including signal transduction. While there is no obvious direct connection between zinc and ROS, mainly because the bivalent cation zinc does not change its oxidation state in biological systems, these are linked by their interaction with sulfur, forming the remarkable triad of zinc, ROS, and protein thiols. First, zinc binds to reduced thiols and can be released upon oxidation. Thereby, redox signals are translated into changes in the free zinc concentration, which can act as zinc signals. Second, zinc affects oxidation of thiols in several ways, directly as well as indirectly. A protein incorporating many of these interactions is metallothionein (MT), which is rich in cysteine and capable of binding up to seven zinc ions in its fully reduced state. Zinc binding is diminished after (partial) oxidation, while thiols show increased reactivity in the absence of bound metal ions. Adding still more complexity, the MT promoter is controlled by zinc (via metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF-1)) as well as redox (via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)). Many signaling cascades that are important for cell proliferation or apoptosis contain protein thiols, acting as centers for crosstalk between zinc- and redox-signaling. A prominent example for shared molecular targets for zinc and ROS are active site cysteine thiols in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), their activity being downregulated by oxidation as well as zinc binding. Because zinc binding also protects PTP thiols form irreversible oxidation, there is a multi-faceted reciprocal interaction, illustrating that zinc- and redox-signaling are intricately linked on multiple levels.
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Cuajungco MP, Ramirez MS, Tolmasky ME. Zinc: Multidimensional Effects on Living Organisms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020208. [PMID: 33671781 PMCID: PMC7926802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a redox-inert trace element that is second only to iron in abundance in biological systems. In cells, zinc is typically buffered and bound to metalloproteins, but it may also exist in a labile or chelatable (free ion) form. Zinc plays a critical role in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, ranging from structural to catalytic to replication to demise. This review discusses the influential properties of zinc on various mechanisms of bacterial proliferation and synergistic action as an antimicrobial element. We also touch upon the significance of zinc among eukaryotic cells and how it may modulate their survival and death through its inhibitory or modulatory effect on certain receptors, enzymes, and signaling proteins. A brief discussion on zinc chelators is also presented, and chelating agents may be used with or against zinc to affect therapeutics against human diseases. Overall, the multidimensional effects of zinc in cells attest to the growing number of scientific research that reveal the consequential prominence of this remarkable transition metal in human health and disease.
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Kambe T, Taylor KM, Fu D. Zinc transporters and their functional integration in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100320. [PMID: 33485965 PMCID: PMC7949119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a ubiquitous biological metal in all living organisms. The spatiotemporal zinc dynamics in cells provide crucial cellular signaling opportunities, but also challenges for intracellular zinc homeostasis with broad disease implications. Zinc transporters play a central role in regulating cellular zinc balance and subcellular zinc distributions. The discoveries of two complementary families of mammalian zinc transporters (ZnTs and ZIPs) in the mid-1990s spurred much speculation on their metal selectivity and cellular functions. After two decades of research, we have arrived at a biochemical description of zinc transport. However, in vitro functions are fundamentally different from those in living cells, where mammalian zinc transporters are directed to specific subcellular locations, engaged in dedicated macromolecular machineries, and connected with diverse cellular processes. Hence, the molecular functions of individual zinc transporters are reshaped and deeply integrated in cells to promote the utilization of zinc chemistry to perform enzymatic reactions, tune cellular responsiveness to pathophysiologic signals, and safeguard cellular homeostasis. At present, the underlying mechanisms driving the functional integration of mammalian zinc transporters are largely unknown. This knowledge gap has motivated a shift of the research focus from in vitro studies of purified zinc transporters to in cell studies of mammalian zinc transporters in the context of their subcellular locations and protein interactions. In this review, we will outline how knowledge of zinc transporters has been accumulated from in-test-tube to in-cell studies, highlighting new insights and paradigm shifts in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of mammalian zinc transporter functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dax Fu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Increase of the Intracellular Zinc Concentration Leads to an Activation and Internalisation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010326. [PMID: 33396916 PMCID: PMC7795919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Zinc is suggested to play a major role in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell regeneration and proliferation. To deepen the knowledge on the underlying mechanisms zinc’s effects on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and its endocytosis was investigated in the alveolar carcinoma cell line A549. (2) Methods: An increase of intracellular zinc was generated by adding zinc extracellularly compared to the intracellular release of zinc from zinc-binding proteins by stimulation with a nitric oxide donor. Zinc-initiated EGFR phosphorylation was checked by Western blotting and receptor endocytosis assays were performed by using flow cytometry. (3) Results: Besides a dose-dependent EGFR phosphorylation, a dose- and time dependent significant receptor internalisation was initiated by both types of zinc increases. In addition, both increased intracellular zinc levels further promoted EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation and internalisation. (4) Conclusion: This report confirms a transactivating effect of zinc on the EGFR for A549 cells and is the first describing an influence of zinc on the EGFR endocytosis. The transferability of the fine-tuning of EGFR-induced signalling by zinc needs to be verified in vivo, but the presented data underline that zinc might be helpful during treatment of disturbed regeneration and tissue repair.
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Zinc and Cadmium in the Aetiology and Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010053. [PMID: 33375344 PMCID: PMC7824316 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inflammatory articular conditions with different aetiology, but both result in joint damage. The nutritionally essential metal zinc (Zn2+) and the non-essential metal cadmium (Cd2+) have roles in these arthritic diseases as effectors of the immune system, inflammation, and metabolism. Despite both metal ions being redox-inert in biology, they affect the redox balance. It has been known for decades that zinc decreases in the blood of RA patients. It is largely unknown, however, whether this change is only a manifestation of an acute phase response in inflammation or relates to altered availability of zinc in tissues and consequently requires changes of zinc in the diet. As a cofactor in over 3000 human proteins and as a signaling ion, zinc affects many pathways relevant for arthritic disease. How it affects the diseases is not just a question of zinc status, but also an issue of mutations in the many proteins that maintain cellular zinc homoeostasis, such as zinc transporters of the ZIP (Zrt-/Irt-like protein) and ZnT families and metallothioneins, and the multiple pathways that change the expression of these proteins. Cadmium interferes with zinc's functions and there is increased uptake under zinc deficiency. Remarkably, cadmium exposure through inhalation is now recognized in the activation of macrophages to a pro-inflammatory state and suggested as a trigger of a specific form of nodular RA. Here, we discuss how these metal ions participate in the genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors that lead to joint destruction. We conclude that both metal ions should be monitored routinely in arthritic disease and that there is untapped potential for prognosis and treatment.
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Blanden AR, Yu X, Blayney AJ, Demas C, Ha JH, Liu Y, Withers T, Carpizo DR, Loh SN. Zinc shapes the folding landscape of p53 and establishes a pathway for reactivating structurally diverse cancer mutants. eLife 2020; 9:61487. [PMID: 33263541 PMCID: PMC7728444 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the p53 DNA-binding domain (DBD) contribute to half of new cancer cases annually. Here we present a thermodynamic model that quantifies and links the major pathways by which mutations inactivate p53. We find that DBD possesses two unusual properties—one of the highest zinc affinities of any eukaryotic protein and extreme instability in the absence of zinc—which are predicted to poise p53 on the cusp of folding/unfolding in the cell, with a major determinant being available zinc concentration. We analyze the 20 most common tumorigenic p53 mutations and find that 80% impair zinc affinity, thermodynamic stability, or both. Biophysical, cell-based, and murine xenograft experiments demonstrate that a synthetic zinc metallochaperone rescues not only mutations that decrease zinc affinity, but also mutations that destabilize DBD without impairing zinc binding. The results suggest that zinc metallochaperones have the capability to treat 120,500 patients annually in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Blanden
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, Syracuse, United States
| | - Xin Yu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Alan J Blayney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Christopher Demas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Jeung-Hoi Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Yue Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Tracy Withers
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Darren R Carpizo
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Wilmot Cancer Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Stewart N Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
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Kocyła A, Tran JB, Krężel A. Galvanization of Protein-Protein Interactions in a Dynamic Zinc Interactome. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:64-79. [PMID: 32958327 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Zn2+ at protein-protein interfaces modulates complex function, stability, and introduces structural flexibility/complexity, chemical selectivity, and reversibility driven in a Zn2+-dependent manner. Recent studies have demonstrated that dynamically changing Zn2+ affects numerous cellular processes, including protein-protein communication and protein complex assembly. How Zn2+-involved protein-protein interactions (ZPPIs) are formed and dissociate and how their stability and reactivity are driven in a zinc interactome remain poorly understood, mostly due to experimental obstacles. Here, we review recent research advances on the role of Zn2+ in the formation of interprotein sites, their architecture, function, and stability. Moreover, we underline the importance of zinc networks in intersystemic communication and highlight bioinformatic and experimental challenges required for the identification and investigation of ZPPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kocyła
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Ba Tran
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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31
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Thingholm TE, Rönnstrand L, Rosenberg PA. Why and how to investigate the role of protein phosphorylation in ZIP and ZnT zinc transporter activity and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3085-3102. [PMID: 32076742 PMCID: PMC7391401 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is required for the regulation of proliferation, metabolism, and cell signaling. It is an intracellular second messenger, and the cellular level of ionic, mobile zinc is strictly controlled by zinc transporters. In mammals, zinc homeostasis is primarily regulated by ZIP and ZnT zinc transporters. The importance of these transporters is underscored by the list of diseases resulting from changes in transporter expression and activity. However, despite numerous structural studies of the transporters revealing both zinc binding sites and motifs important for transporter function, the exact molecular mechanisms regulating ZIP and ZnT activities are still not clear. For example, protein phosphorylation was found to regulate ZIP7 activity resulting in the release of Zn2+ from intracellular stores leading to phosphorylation of tyrosine kinases and activation of signaling pathways. In addition, sequence analyses predict all 24 human zinc transporters to be phosphorylated suggesting that protein phosphorylation is important for regulation of transporter function. This review describes how zinc transporters are implicated in a number of important human diseases. It summarizes the current knowledge regarding ZIP and ZnT transporter structures and points to how protein phosphorylation seems to be important for the regulation of zinc transporter activity. The review addresses the need to investigate the role of protein phosphorylation in zinc transporter function and regulation, and argues for a pressing need to introduce quantitative phosphoproteomics to specifically target zinc transporters and proteins involved in zinc signaling. Finally, different quantitative phosphoproteomic strategies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Thingholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - L Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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32
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Samet JM, Chen H, Pennington ER, Bromberg PA. Non-redox cycling mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by PM metals. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:26-37. [PMID: 31877355 PMCID: PMC7803379 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metallic compounds contribute to the oxidative stress of ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure. The toxicity of redox inert ions of cadmium, mercury, lead and zinc, as well as redox-active ions of vanadium and chromium is underlain by dysregulation of mitochondrial function and loss of signaling quiescence. Central to the initiation of these effects is the interaction of metal ions with cysteinyl thiols on glutathione and key regulatory proteins, which leads to impaired mitochondrial electron transport and persistent pan-activation of signal transduction pathways. The mitochondrial and signaling effects are linked by the production of H2O2, generated from mitochondrial superoxide anion or through the activation of NADPH oxidase, which extends the range and amplifies the magnitude of the oxidative effects of the metals. This oxidative burden can be further potentiated by inhibitory effects of the metals on the enzymes of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Along with the better-known Fenton-based mechanisms, the non-redox cycling mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by metals constitute significant pathways for cellular injury induced by PM inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Stewart TJ. Across the spectrum: integrating multidimensional metal analytics for in situ metallomic imaging. Metallomics 2020; 11:29-49. [PMID: 30499574 PMCID: PMC6350628 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To know how much of a metal species is in a particular location within a biological context at any given time is essential for understanding the intricate roles of metals in biology and is the fundamental question upon which the field of metallomics was born. Simply put, seeing is powerful. With the combination of spectroscopy and microscopy, we can now see metals within complex biological matrices complemented by information about associated molecules and their structures. With the addition of mass spectrometry and particle beam based techniques, the field of view grows to cover greater sensitivities and spatial resolutions, addressing structural, functional and quantitative metallomic questions from the atomic level to whole body processes. In this perspective, I present a paradigm shift in the way we relate to and integrate current and developing metallomic analytics, highlighting both familiar and perhaps less well-known state of the art techniques for in situ metallomic imaging, specific biological applications, and their use in correlative studies. There is a genuine need to abandon scientific silos and, through the establishment of a metallomic scientific platform for further development of multidimensional analytics for in situ metallomic imaging, we have an incredible opportunity to enhance the field of metallomics and demonstrate how discovery research can be done more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora J Stewart
- King's College London, Mass Spectrometry, London Metallomics Facility, 4th Floor Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK.
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34
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Threshold in the toxicology of metals: Challenges and pitfalls of the concept. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sub-nanomolar sensitive GZnP3 reveals TRPML1-mediated neuronal Zn 2+ signals. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4806. [PMID: 31641116 PMCID: PMC6805855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous fluorescent Zn2+ sensors have been reported, it is unclear whether and how Zn2+ can be released from the intracellular compartments into the cytosol due to a lack of probes that can detect physiological dynamics of cytosolic Zn2+. Here, we create a genetically encoded sensor, GZnP3, which demonstrates unprecedented sensitivity for Zn2+ at sub-nanomolar concentrations. Using GZnP3 as well as GZnP3-derived vesicular targeted probes, we provide the first direct evidence that Zn2+ can be released from endolysosomal vesicles to the cytosol in primary hippocampal neurons through the TRPML1 channel. Such TRPML1-mediated Zn2+ signals are distinct from Ca2+ in that they are selectively present in neurons, sustain longer, and are significantly higher in neurites as compared to the soma. Together, our work not only creates highly sensitive probes for investigating sub-nanomolar Zn2+ dynamics, but also reveals new pools of Zn2+ signals that can play critical roles in neuronal function. Numerous fluorescent Zn2+ sensors are available but most are unsuitable to detect physiological dynamics of cytosolic Zn2+. In this study, the authors present a genetically encoded sensor with sub-nanomolar sensitivity and show that Zn2 + is released from endolysosomal vesicles via TRPML1 in neurons.
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Zlobin IE, Kartashov AV, Nosov AV, Fomenkov AA, Kuznetsov VV. The labile zinc pool in plant cells. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:796-805. [PMID: 31072451 DOI: 10.1071/fp19064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is the most abundant and important transition metal in plants; however, the dynamic aspects of zinc homeostasis in plant cells are poorly understood. In this study we explored the pool of labile exchangeable zinc complexes in plant cells, and the potential influence of changes in intracellular zinc availability on cellular physiology. Work was performed on cultivated cell extracts of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and Thellungiella salsuginea (Pall.) O.E. Schulz grown under control (3.48 µM Zn2+), 10-fold Zn excess or Zn starvation conditions. The free and labile Zn contents in the extracts were then determined by fluorimetric titration. We observed for the first time that plant cells contain micromolar concentrations of labile zinc complexes that account for a low percentage of the total zinc content. Labile zinc is mainly protein bound. Zn starvation inhibits cell proliferation and leads to the disappearance of the labile zinc pool, whereas Zn excess drastically increases the labile zinc pool. Free Zn2+ is buffered at picomolar concentrations in the intracellular milieu, and the increase in free Zn2+ concentrations to low nanomolar values clearly modulates enzyme activity by direct reversible binding. Such increases in free Zn2+ can be achieved by the substantial influx of additional zinc or by the oxidation of zinc-binding thiols. The observed features of the labile zinc pool in plant cells suggest it has a role in intracellular zinc trafficking and zinc signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Zlobin
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Alexander V Kartashov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Nosov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A Fomenkov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Zinc(II) ions are redox-inert in biology. Yet, their interaction with sulfur of cysteine in cellular proteins can confer ligand-centered redox activity on zinc coordination sites, control protein functions, and generate signalling zinc ions as potent effectors of many cellular processes. The specificity and relative high affinity of binding sites for zinc allow regulation in redox biology, free radical biology, and the biology of reactive species. Understanding the role of zinc in these areas of biology requires an understanding of how cellular Zn2+ is homeostatically controlled and can serve as a regulatory ion in addition to Ca2+, albeit at much lower concentrations. A rather complex system of dozens of transporters and metallothioneins buffer the relatively high (hundreds of micromolar) total cellular zinc concentrations in such a way that the available zinc ion concentrations are only picomolar but can fluctuate in signalling. The proteins targeted by Zn2+ transients include enzymes controlling phosphorylation and redox signalling pathways. Networks of regulatory functions of zinc integrate gene expression and metabolic and signalling pathways at several hierarchical levels. They affect enzymatic catalysis, protein structure and protein-protein/biomolecular interactions and add to the already impressive number of catalytic and structural functions of zinc in an estimated three thousand human zinc proteins. The effects of zinc on redox biology have adduced evidence that zinc is an antioxidant. Without further qualifications, this notion is misleading and prevents a true understanding of the roles of zinc in biology. Its antioxidant-like effects are indirect and expressed only in certain conditions because a lack of zinc and too much zinc have pro-oxidant effects. Teasing apart these functions based on quantitative considerations of homeostatic control of cellular zinc is critical because opposite consequences are observed depending on the concentrations of zinc: pro- or anti-apoptotic, pro- or anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective or cytotoxic. The article provides a biochemical basis for the links between redox and zinc biology and discusses why zinc has pleiotropic functions. Perturbation of zinc metabolism is a consequence of conditions of redox stress. Zinc deficiency, either nutritional or conditioned, and cellular zinc overload cause oxidative stress. Thus, there is causation in the relationship between zinc metabolism and the many diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Maret
- Metal Metabolism Group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Exploration of Zinc(II) Complexes as Potent Inhibitors Against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Intracellular Zn 2+ Signaling Facilitates Mossy Fiber Input-Induced Heterosynaptic Potentiation of Direct Cortical Inputs in Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Cells. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3812-3831. [PMID: 30833508 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2130-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive action potentials (APs) in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells (CA3-PCs) backpropagate to distal apical dendrites, and induce calcium and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent downregulation of Kv1.2, resulting in long-term potentiation of direct cortical inputs and intrinsic excitability (LTP-IE). When APs were elicited by direct somatic stimulation of CA3-PCs from rodents of either sex, only a narrow window of distal dendritic [Ca2+] allowed LTP-IE because of Ca2+-dependent coactivation of PTK and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), which renders non-mossy fiber (MF) inputs incompetent in LTP-IE induction. High-frequency MF inputs, however, could induce LTP-IE at high dendritic [Ca2+] of the window. We show that MF input-induced Zn2+ signaling inhibits postsynaptic PTP, and thus enables MF inputs to induce LTP-IE at a wide range of [Ca2+]i values. Extracellular chelation of Zn2+ or genetic deletion of vesicular zinc transporter abrogated the privilege of MF inputs for LTP-IE induction. Moreover, the incompetence of somatic stimulation was rescued by the inhibition of PTP or a supplement of extracellular zinc, indicating that MF input-induced increase in dendritic [Zn2+] facilitates the induction of LTP-IE by inhibiting PTP. Consistently, high-frequency MF stimulation induced immediate and delayed elevations of [Zn2+] at proximal and distal dendrites, respectively. These results indicate that MF inputs are uniquely linked to the regulation of direct cortical inputs owing to synaptic Zn2+ signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Zn2+ has been mostly implicated in pathological processes, and the physiological roles of synaptically released Zn2+ in intracellular signaling are little known. We show here that Zn2+ released from hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) terminals enters postsynaptic CA3 pyramidal cells, and plays a facilitating role in MF input-induced heterosynaptic potentiation of perforant path (PP) synaptic inputs through long-term potentiation of intrinsic excitability (LTP-IE). We show that the window of cytosolic [Ca2+] that induces LTP-IE is normally very narrow because of the Ca2+-dependent coactivation of antagonistic signaling pairs, whereby non-MF inputs become ineffective in inducing excitability change. The MF-induced Zn2+ signaling, however, biases toward facilitating the induction of LTP-IE. The present study elucidates why MF inputs are more privileged for the regulation of PP synapses.
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40
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Zinc regulates ERp44-dependent protein quality control in the early secretory pathway. Nat Commun 2019; 10:603. [PMID: 30723194 PMCID: PMC6363758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc ions (Zn2+) are imported into the early secretory pathway by Golgi-resident transporters, but their handling and functions are not fully understood. Here, we show that Zn2+ binds with high affinity to the pH-sensitive chaperone ERp44, modulating its localization and ability to retrieve clients like Ero1α and ERAP1 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Silencing the Zn2+ transporters that uptake Zn2+ into the Golgi led to ERp44 dysfunction and increased secretion of Ero1α and ERAP1. High-resolution crystal structures of Zn2+-bound ERp44 reveal that Zn2+ binds to a conserved histidine-cluster. The consequent large displacements of the regulatory C-terminal tail expose the substrate-binding surface and RDEL motif, ensuring client capture and retrieval. ERp44 also forms Zn2+-bridged homodimers, which dissociate upon client binding. Histidine mutations in the Zn2+-binding sites compromise ERp44 activity and localization. Our findings reveal a role of Zn2+ as a key regulator of protein quality control at the ER-Golgi interface. Zinc ions (Zn2+) are imported by Golgi-resident transporters but the function of zinc in the early secretory pathway has remained unknown. Here the authors find that Zn2+ regulates protein quality control in the early secretory pathway by demonstrating that the pH-sensitive chaperone ERp44 binds Zn2+ and solving the Zn2+-bound ERp44 structure.
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The pro-inflammatory stimulus of zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes in whole blood assay via protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1315. [PMID: 30718726 PMCID: PMC6362009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An asymptomatic systemic inflammation after exposure to zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes has been described as mild form of metal fume fever in recent studies. Since chronic systemic inflammation leads to a higher cardiovascular risk, examining the inflammation with the underlying pathomechanism is necessary to estimate and hopefully prevent long-term effects of welding. We established a whole blood assay to investigate the effects of zinc- and copper-containing welding fume particles on the blood immune response. Increased levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and IL-1β determined after 24 hours of exposure indicated an acute systemic inflammatory reaction. In vitro increases of IL-6 were comparable to in vivo increases of serum IL-6 levels in a study with welding fume exposure of human subjects. Inhibition of PTP1B was identified as one pathway responsible for the effects of zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes and therefore welding fume fever. In conclusion, the whole blood assay is a reliable and feasible method to investigate effects of zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes on the immune system and as a surrogate for systemic inflammation and welding fume fever. Future research can utilize whole blood assays to reduce and partially replace human exposure studies for further investigations of welding fume fever.
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42
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Xu Y, Qian LL, Yang J, Han RM, Zhang JP, Skibsted LH. Kaempferol Binding to Zinc(II), Efficient Radical Scavenging through Increased Phenol Acidity. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10108-10117. [PMID: 30295482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b08284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc(II) enhances radical scavenging of the flavonoid kaempferol (Kaem) most significantly for the 1:1 Zn(II)-Kaem complex in equilibrium with the 1:2 Zn(II)-Kaem complex both with high affinity at 3-hydroxyl and 4-carboxyl coordination. In methanol/chloroform (7/3, v/v), 1:1 Zn(II)-Kaem complex reduces β-carotene radical cation, β-Car•+, with a second-order rate constant, 1.88 × 108 L·mol-1·s-1, while both Kaem and 1:2 Zn(II)-Kaem complex are nonreactive, as determined by laser flash photolysis. In ethanol, 1:1 Zn(II)-Kaem complex reduces the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH•, with a second-order rate constant, 2.48 × 104 L·mol-1·s-1, 16 times and 2 times as efficient as Kaem and 1:2 Zn(II)-Kaem complex, respectively, as determined by stopped-flow spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculation results indicate significantly increased acidity of Kaem as ligand in 1:1 Zn(II)-Kaem complex other than in 1:2 Zn(II)-Kaem complex. Kaem in 1:1 Zn(II)-Kaem complex loses two protons (one from 3-hydroxyl and one from phenolic hydroxyl) forming 1:1 Zn(II)-(Kaem-2H) during binding with Zn(II), while Kaem in 1:2 Zn(II)-Kaem complex loses one proton in each ligand forming Zn(II)-(Kaem-H)2, as confirmed by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Zn(II)-(Kaem-2H) is a far stronger reductant than Kaem and Zn(II)-(Kaem-H)2 as determined by cyclic voltammetry. Significant rate increases for the 1:1 complex in both β-Car•+ scavenging by electron transfer and DPPH• scavenging by hydrogen atom transfer were ascribed to decreases of ionization potential and of bond dissociation energy of 4'-OH for deprotonated Zn(II)-(Kaem-2H), respectively. Increased phenol acidity of plant polyphenols by 1:1 coordination with Zn(II) may explain the unique function of Zn(II) as a biological antioxidant and may help to design nontoxic metal-based drugs derived from natural bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Ling-Ling Qian
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Rui-Min Han
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Leif H Skibsted
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30 , Frederiksberg C DK-1058 , Denmark
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43
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Barresi V, Valenti G, Spampinato G, Musso N, Castorina S, Rizzarelli E, Condorelli DF. Transcriptome analysis reveals an altered expression profile of zinc transporters in colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9707-9719. [PMID: 30129075 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a transition metal and catalytic cofactor involved in many biological processes including proliferation, development, differentiation, and metabolism. Zinc transporters (ZnTs) play a fundamental role in cellular zinc homeostasis. ZnTs are responsible of zinc efflux and are encoded by 10 genes belonging to solute carrier family 30A (SLC30A1-10), while zinc-regulated transporter (ZRT)/iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein (ZIP) transporters are responsible for the influx of zinc into the cytoplasm and are encoded by 14 genes belonging to solute carrier family 39A (SLC39A1-14). In this study, we analyzed, by transcriptome analysis, the microRNA levels of ZnT-encoding and ZIP-encoding genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples matched to normal colon tissues and in CRC cell lines. Results revealed an upregulation of specific ZnT and ZIP transcripts in CRC. Upregulation of SLC30A5, SLC30A6, SLC30A7 transcripts, encoding zinc efflux transporters ZnT5, ZnT6, ZnT7, localized on endoplasmic reticulum membranes, might be part of a coordinated transcriptional program associated to the increased activity of the early secretory pathway, while transcriptional upregulation of several specific ZIP transporters (SLC39A6, SLC39A7, SLC39A9, SLC39A10, and SLC39A11) could contribute in meeting the increased demand of zinc in cancer cells. Moreover, exon-level analysis of SLC30A9, a nuclear receptor coactivator involved in the transcriptional regulation of Wnt-responsive genes, revealed the differential expression of alternative transcripts in CRC and normal colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Barresi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) - Unità di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Surgical Medical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Fondazione Mediterranea "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) - Unità di Catania, Catania, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, UOS Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Filippo Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) - Unità di Catania, Catania, Italy
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44
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Fudge DH, Black R, Son L, LeJeune K, Qin Y. Optical Recording of Zn 2+ Dynamics in the Mitochondrial Matrix and Intermembrane Space with the GZnP2 Sensor. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1897-1905. [PMID: 29912548 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The zinc ion (Zn2+) is emerging as an important signaling molecule. Here, we engineered an improved Zn2+ probe GZnP2 based on a previously developed fluorescent sensor GZnP1 to provide a higher fluorescent readout (2-fold higher) that is proportional to cellular labile Zn2+ concentrations. We further developed a set of GZnP2 derived imaging tools to determine the labile Zn2+ concentrations in the mitochondrial matrix, mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), and cytosol in four different cell lines (HeLa, Cos-7, HEK293, and INS-1). The labile Zn2+ concentration in the matrix was less than 1 pM, while the labile Zn2+ concentration in the IMS was comparable to the cytosol (∼100 pM). With these sensors, we showed that upon exposure to high Zn2+, only the cytosol and the IMS were overloaded with Zn2+, while the mitochondrial matrix was unable to sequester excess labile Zn2+ in depolarized INS-1 cells. This work highlighted the importance of distinguishing the labile Zn2+ concentrations and dynamics between the mitochondrial matrix and IMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H. Fudge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Raymond Black
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Lea Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Kate LeJeune
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
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45
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Georgiadou EC, Kowalska E, Patla K, Kulbat K, Smolińska B, Leszczyńska J, Fotopoulos V. Influence of Heavy Metals (Ni, Cu, and Zn) on Nitro-Oxidative Stress Responses, Proteome Regulation and Allergen Production in Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:862. [PMID: 30026745 PMCID: PMC6041727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant biosphere contamination problems worldwide is derived from heavy metals. Heavy metals can be highly reactive and toxic according to their oxidation levels. Their toxic effects are associated with the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular damage induced in plants. The present study focuses on the effects of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) applied to the soil on the antioxidant response and allergen production in the aromatic plant basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) following a combined physiological, biochemical and analytical approach. The concentrations used for the three heavy metals were based on the 2002 Regulation of the Polish Ministry of the Environment on Soil Quality Standards [(i) agricultural land (group B): Ni 100 ppm, Ni 210 ppm, Cu 200 ppm, Cu 500 ppm, Zn 720 ppm and (ii) industrial land (group C): Ni 500 ppm, Cu 1000 ppm, Zn 1500 ppm, Zn 3000 ppm]. The highest physiological and cellular damage in basil plants was caused by Cu and Zn. Increasing concentrations of Cu resulted in a further increase in cellular damage and nitro-oxidative stress, correlating with an induction in activity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species metabolism enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, NR). Treatment with Cu led to increased concentration of the allergenic protein profilin, while increasing concentrations of Cu and Zn led to a decrease in the concentration of total proteins (likely due to proteolysis) and antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, severe Cu stress resulted in the accumulation of specific proteins related to transpiration and photosynthetic processes. On the basis of these findings, Ni stress in basil plants appears to be less damaging and with lower allergenic potential compared with Cu and Zn stress, while Cu-stressed basil plants experience most detrimental effects and display highest allergen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egli C. Georgiadou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ewa Kowalska
- Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Patla
- Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Kamila Kulbat
- Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Smolińska
- Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Leszczyńska
- Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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46
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Eron SJ, MacPherson DJ, Dagbay KB, Hardy JA. Multiple Mechanisms of Zinc-Mediated Inhibition for the Apoptotic Caspases-3, -6, -7, and -8. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1279-1290. [PMID: 29364645 PMCID: PMC5959779 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is emerging as a widely used and important biological regulatory signal. Cellular zinc levels are tightly regulated by a complex array of zinc importers and exporters to control processes such as apoptotic cell death. While caspase inhibition by zinc has been reported previously, the reported inhibition constants were too weak to suggest a critical biological role for zinc-mediated inhibition. In this work, we have adopted a method of assessing available zinc. This allowed assessment of accurate inhibition constants for apoptotic caspases, caspase-3, -6, -7, and -8. Each of these caspases are inhibited by zinc at intracellular levels but with widely differing inhibition constants and different zinc binding stoichiometries. Caspase-3, -6, and -8 appear to be constitutively inhibited by typical zinc levels, and this inhibition must be lifted to allow activation. The inhibition constant for caspase-7 (76 nM) is much weaker than for the other apoptotic caspases (2.6-6.9 nM) suggesting that caspase-7 is not inactivated by normal zinc concentrations but can be inhibited under conditions of zinc stress. Caspase-3, -7, and -8 were found to bind three, one, and two zincs, respectively. In each of these caspases, zinc was present in the active site, in contrast to caspase-6, which binds one zinc allosterically. The most notable new mechanism to emerge from this work is for zinc-mediated inhibition of caspase-8. Zinc binds caspase-8 directly at the active site and at a second site. Zinc binding inhibits formation of the caspase-8 dimer, the activated form of the enzyme. Together these findings suggest that zinc plays a critical role in regulation of apoptosis by direct inactivation of caspases, in a manner that is unique for each caspase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Eron
- Department of Chemistry, 104 LGRT, 710 N. Pleasant St. University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Derek J. MacPherson
- Department of Chemistry, 104 LGRT, 710 N. Pleasant St. University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kevin B. Dagbay
- Department of Chemistry, 104 LGRT, 710 N. Pleasant St. University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jeanne A. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, 104 LGRT, 710 N. Pleasant St. University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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47
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Nimmanon T, Ziliotto S, Morris S, Flanagan L, Taylor KM. Phosphorylation of zinc channel ZIP7 drives MAPK, PI3K and mTOR growth and proliferation signalling. Metallomics 2018; 9:471-481. [PMID: 28205653 PMCID: PMC5451890 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element participating in diverse biological processes. Cellular zinc levels are strictly controlled by two families of transport proteins: ZIP channels (SLC39A) and ZnT transporters (SLC30A). ZIP channels increase cytosolic zinc levels by importing zinc into cells or releasing zinc from intracellular stores such as the ER. Among all the 14 human members of the ZIP family, ZIP7 is a gatekeeper of zinc release from intracellular stores, requiring post-translational activation by phosphorylation on residues S275 and S276, resulting in activation of multiple downstream pathways. Employing site-directed mutagenesis, we investigated the importance of these individual serine residues as well as other predicted phosphorylation sites on ZIP7, showing that all four sites are required for maximal ZIP7 activation. Using phosphor-protein arrays, we also discovered the major signalling pathways that were activated as a direct result of ZIP7-mediated zinc release from intracellular stores. These data reveal the role of ZIP7-mediated zinc release from intracellular stores in driving major pathways, such as MAPK, mTOR and PI3K-AKT, involved in providing cell survival and proliferation and often over activated in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nimmanon
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
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48
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Bellomo E, Abro A, Hogstrand C, Maret W, Domene C. Role of Zinc and Magnesium Ions in the Modulation of Phosphoryl Transfer in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4446-4454. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bellomo
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Abro
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Domene
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, 1 South Building, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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49
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Sun W, Yang J, Wang W, Hou J, Cheng Y, Fu Y, Xu Z, Cai L. The beneficial effects of Zn on Akt-mediated insulin and cell survival signaling pathways in diabetes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 46:117-127. [PMID: 29413101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the essential trace elements and participates in numerous physiological processes. Abnormalities in zinc homeostasis often result in the pathogenesis of various chronic metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and its complications. Zinc has insulin-mimetic and anti-diabetic effects and deficiency has been shown to aggravate diabetes-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury in diabetic rodent models and human subjects with diabetes. Akt signaling pathway plays a central role in insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and cell survival. Anti-diabetic effects of zinc are largely dependent on the activation of Akt signaling. Zn is also an inducer of metallothionein that plays important role in anti-oxidative stress and damage. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying zinc-induced activation of Akt signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. This review summarizes the recent advances in deciphering the possible mechanisms of zinc on Akt-mediated insulin and cell survival signaling pathways in diabetes conditions. Insights into the effects of zinc on epigenetic regulation and autophagy in diabetic nephropathy are also discussed in the latter part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Jiaxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, The Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yaowen Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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50
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Kocyła A, Adamczyk J, Krężel A. Interdependence of free zinc changes and protein complex assembly – insights into zinc signal regulation. Metallomics 2018; 10:120-131. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00301c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Small and local changes in cellular free zinc concentration affect protein assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kocyła
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Justyna Adamczyk
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
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