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Yang L, Yang X, Shen B, Jin J, Li L, Fan D, Xiaokelaiti S, Hao Q, Niu J. Effects of high-temperature stress on gene expression related to photosynthesis in two jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) varieties. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2357367. [PMID: 38775124 PMCID: PMC11139005 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2357367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Elevated temperatures critically impact crop growth, development, and yield, with photosynthesis being the most temperature-sensitive physiological process in plants. This study focused on assessing the photosynthetic response and genetic adaptation of two different heat-resistant jujube varieties 'Junzao' (J) and 'Fucuimi' (F), to high-temperature stress (42°C Day/30°C Night). Comparative analyses of leaf photosynthetic indices, microstructural changes, and transcriptome sequencing were conducted. Results indicated superior high-temperature adaptability in F, evidenced by alterations in leaf stomatal behavior - particularly in J, where defense cells exhibited significant water loss, shrinkage, and reduced stomatal opening, alongside a marked increase in stomatal density. Through transcriptome sequencing 13,884 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, significantly enriched in pathways related to plant-pathogen interactions, amino acid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Key findings include the identification of photosynthetic pathway related DEGs and HSFA1s as central regulators of thermal morphogenesis and heat stress response. Revealing their upregulation in F and downregulation in J. The results indicate that these genes play a crucial role in improving heat tolerance in F. This study unveils critical photosynthetic genes involved in heat stress, providing a theoretical foundation for comprehending the molecular mechanisms underlying jujube heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bingqi Shen
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dingyu Fan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Subina Xiaokelaiti
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing Hao
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianxin Niu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Hani U, Krieger-Liszkay A. Manganese deficiency alters photosynthetic electron transport in Marchantia polymorpha. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109042. [PMID: 39173366 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is considered as an essential element for plant growth. Mn starvation has been shown to affect photosystem II, the site of the Mn4CaO5 cluster responsible for water oxidation. Less is known on the effect of Mn starvation on photosystem I. Here we studied the effects of Mn deficiency in vivo on redox changes of P700 and plastocyanin (Pc) in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using the KLAS-NIR spectrophotometer. Far-red illumination is used to excite preferentially photosystem I, thus facilitating cyclic electron transport. Under Mn starvation, we observed slower oxidation of P700 and a decrease in the Pc signal relative to P700. The lower Pc content under Mn deficiency was confirmed by western blots. Re-reduction kinetics of P700+ and Pc+ were faster in Mn deficient thalli than in the control. The above findings show that the kinetics studied under Mn deficiency not only depend on the number of available reductants but also on how quickly electrons are transferred from stromal donors via the intersystem chain to Pc+ and P700+. We suggest that under Mn deficiency a structural reorganization of the thylakoid membrane takes place favoring the formation of supercomplexes between ferredoxin, cytochrome b6f complex, Pc and photosystem I, and thus an enhanced cyclic electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umama Hani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
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3
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Yang Q, Xin C, Xiao QS, Lin YT, Li L, Zhao JL. Codon usage bias in chloroplast genes implicate adaptive evolution of four ginger species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1304264. [PMID: 38169692 PMCID: PMC10758403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1304264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Codon usage bias (CUB) refers to different codons exhibiting varying frequencies of usage in the genome. Studying CUB is crucial for understanding genome structure, function, and evolutionary processes. Herein, we investigated the codon usage patterns and influencing factors of protein-coding genes in the chloroplast genomes of four sister genera (monophyletic Roscoea and Cautleya, and monophyletic Pommereschea and Rhynchanthus) from the Zingiberaceae family with contrasting habitats in southwestern China. These genera exhibit distinct habitats, providing a unique opportunity to explore the adaptive evolution of codon usage. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of nucleotide composition and codon usage on protein-coding genes in the chloroplast genomes. The study focused on understanding the relationship between codon usage and environmental adaptation, with a particular emphasis on genes associated with photosynthesis. Nucleotide composition analysis revealed that the overall G/C content of the coding genes was ˂ 48%, indicating an enrichment of A/T bases. Additionally, synonymous and optimal codons were biased toward ending with A/U bases. Natural selection is the primary factor influencing CUB characteristics, particularly photosynthesis-associated genes. We observed differential gene expressions related to light adaptation among sister genera inhabiting different environments. Certain codons were favored under specific conditions, possibly contributing to gene expression regulation in particular environments. This study provides insights into the adaptive evolution of these sister genera by analyzing CUB and offers theoretical assistance for understanding gene expression and regulation. In addition, the data support the relationship between RNA editing and CUB, and the findings shed light on potential research directions for investigating adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing-Song Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Ting Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian-Li Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Wu J, Chen S, Wang C, Lin W, Huang C, Fan C, Han D, Lu D, Xu X, Sui S, Zhang L. Regulatory dynamics of the higher-plant PSI-LHCI supercomplex during state transitions. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1937-1950. [PMID: 37936349 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
State transition is a fundamental light acclimation mechanism of photosynthetic organisms in response to the environmental light conditions. This process rebalances the excitation energy between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II through regulated reversible binding of the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) to PSI. However, the structural reorganization of PSI-LHCI, the dynamic binding of LHCII, and the regulatory mechanisms underlying state transitions are less understood in higher plants. In this study, using cryoelectron microscopy we resolved the structures of PSI-LHCI in both state 1 (PSI-LHCI-ST1) and state 2 (PSI-LHCI-LHCII-ST2) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Combined genetic and functional analyses revealed novel contacts between Lhcb1 and PsaK that further enhanced the binding of the LHCII trimer to the PSI core with the known interactions between phosphorylated Lhcb2 and the PsaL/PsaH/PsaO subunits. Specifically, PsaO was absent in the PSI-LHCI-ST1 supercomplex but present in the PSI-LHCI-LHCII-ST2 supercomplex, in which the PsaL/PsaK/PsaA subunits undergo several conformational changes to strengthen the binding of PsaO in ST2. Furthermore, the PSI-LHCI module adopts a more compact configuration with shorter Mg-to-Mg distances between the chlorophylls, which may enhance the energy transfer efficiency from the peripheral antenna to the PSI core in ST2. Collectively, our work provides novel structural and functional insights into the mechanisms of light acclimation during state transitions in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shuaijiabin Chen
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chengxu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dexian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - SenFang Sui
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Xu Y, Song D, Qi X, Asad M, Wang S, Tong X, Jiang Y, Wang S. Physiological responses and transcriptome analysis of soybean under gradual water deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269884. [PMID: 37954991 PMCID: PMC10639147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an important food and oil crop widely cultivated globally. However, water deficit can seriously affect the yield and quality of soybeans. In order to ensure the stability and increase of soybean yield and improve agricultural water use efficiency (WUE), research on improving drought tolerance and the efficiency of water utilization of soybeans under drought stress has become particularly important. This study utilized the drought-tolerant variety Heinong 44 (HN44) and the drought-sensitive variety Suinong 14 (SN14) to analyze physiological responses and transcriptome changes during the gradual water deficit at the early seed-filling stage. The results indicated that under drought conditions, HN44 had smaller stomata, higher stomatal density, and lower stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate as compared to SN14. Additionally, HN44 had a higher abscisic acid (ABA) content and faster changes in stomatal morphology and Gs to maintain a dynamic balance between net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and Gs. Additionally, drought-tolerant variety HN44 had high instantaneous WUE under water deficit. Further, HN44 retained a high level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and proline content, mitigating malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and drought-induced damage. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome data revealed that HN44 had fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under light drought stress, reacting insensitivity to water deficit. At the initial stage of drought stress, both varieties had a large number of upregulated DEGs to cope with the drought stress. Under severe drought stress, HN44 had fewer downregulated genes enriched in the photosynthesis pathway than SN14, while it had more upregulated genes enriched in the ABA-mediated signaling and glutathione metabolism pathways than SN14. During gradual water deficit, HN44 demonstrated better drought-tolerant physiological characteristics and water use efficiency than SN14 through key DEGs such as GmbZIP4, LOC100810474, and LOC100819313 in the major pathways. Key transcription factors were screened and identified, providing further clarity on the molecular regulatory pathways responsible for the physiological differences in drought tolerance among these varieties. This study deepened the understanding of the drought resistance mechanisms in soybeans, providing valuable references for drought-resistant soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Xu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Di Song
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Xingliang Qi
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Sui Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Green Food Science/National Soybean Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin, China
| | - Shaodong Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
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Xu W, Wuyun T, Chen J, Yu S, Zhang X, Zhang L. Responses of Trollius chinensis to drought stress and rehydration: From photosynthetic physiology to gene expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107841. [PMID: 37331075 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress occurs more frequently in recent years due to the global climate change. Widely distributed in northern China, Mongolia, and Russia, Trollius chinensis Bunge has high medicinal and ornamental values and is often exposed to drought stress, while the mechanism underlying its drought response is still unclear. In this study, we applied 74-76% (control, CK), 49-51% (mild drought), 34-36% (moderate drought), and 19-21% (severe drought, SD) of the soil gravimetric water content to T. chinensis, and measured leaf physiological characteristics on the 0, 5th, 10th, 15th day after the soil reaching the set drought severities, and on the 10th day after rehydration. The results showed that many physiological parameters, such as chlorophyll contents, Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡ, Pn, and gs decreased with the deepening of severity and duration of drought stress and recovered to some extent after rehydration. On the 10th day of drought stress, leaves in SD and CK were selected for RNA-Seq, and 1649 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, including 548 up-regulated and 1101 down-regulated DEGs. Gene Ontology enrichment found that the DEGs were mainly enriched in catalytic activity and thylakoid. Koyto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment found that DEGs were enriched in some metabolic pathways such as carbon fixation and photosynthesis. Among them, the differential expression of genes related to photosynthesis process, ABA biosynthesis and signaling pathway, such as NCED, SnRK2, PsaD, PsbQ, and PetE, might explain why T. chinensis could tolerate and recover from as long as 15 days of severe drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tana Wuyun
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia.
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuhan Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Dobesova M, Kolackova M, Pencik O, Capal P, Chaloupsky P, Svec P, Ridoskova A, Motola M, Cicmancova V, Sopha H, Macak JM, Richtera L, Adam V, Huska D. Transcriptomic hallmarks of in vitro TiO 2 nanotubes toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106419. [PMID: 36807021 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, more accessible transcriptomic approaches have provided a new and deeper understanding of environmental toxicity. The present study focuses on the transcriptomic profiles of green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to new industrially promising material, TiO2 nanotubes (NTs), as an example of a widely used one-dimensional nanomaterial. The first algal in vitro assay included 2.5 and 7.5 mg/L TiO2 NTs, resulting in a dose-dependent negative effect on biological endpoints. At a working concentration of 7.5 mg/L, RNA-sequencing showed a mainly negative effect on the cells. In summary, the results indicated metabolic disruption, such as ATP loss, damage to mitochondria and chloroplasts, loss of solutes due to permeated membranes, and cell wall damage. Moreover, apoptosis-induced transcripts were detected. Interestingly, reactivation of transposons was observed. In signalling and transcription pathways, including chromatin remodelling and locking, the annotated genes were downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Dobesova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Pencik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Capal
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Slechtitelu 241/27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Chaloupsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ridoskova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Motola
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Cicmancova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Sopha
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan M Macak
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Huska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Santana‐Sánchez A, Nikkanen L, Werner E, Tóth G, Ermakova M, Kosourov S, Walter J, He M, Aro E, Allahverdiyeva Y. Flv3A facilitates O 2 photoreduction and affects H 2 photoproduction independently of Flv1A in diazotrophic Anabaena filaments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:126-139. [PMID: 36128660 PMCID: PMC10092803 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (Anabaena) is a typical example of a multicellular organism capable of simultaneously performing oxygenic photosynthesis in vegetative cells and O2 -sensitive N2 -fixation inside heterocysts. The flavodiiron proteins have been shown to participate in photoprotection of photosynthesis by driving excess electrons to O2 (a Mehler-like reaction). Here, we performed a phenotypic and biophysical characterization of Anabaena mutants impaired in vegetative-specific Flv1A and Flv3A in order to address their physiological relevance in the bioenergetic processes occurring in diazotrophic Anabaena under variable CO2 conditions. We demonstrate that both Flv1A and Flv3A are required for proper induction of the Mehler-like reaction upon a sudden increase in light intensity, which is likely important for the activation of carbon-concentrating mechanisms and CO2 fixation. Under ambient CO2 diazotrophic conditions, Flv3A is responsible for moderate O2 photoreduction, independently of Flv1A, but only in the presence of Flv2 and Flv4. Strikingly, the lack of Flv3A resulted in strong downregulation of the heterocyst-specific uptake hydrogenase, which led to enhanced H2 photoproduction under both oxic and micro-oxic conditions. These results reveal a novel regulatory network between the Mehler-like reaction and the diazotrophic metabolism, which is of great interest for future biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Santana‐Sánchez
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Elisa Werner
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Maria Ermakova
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Sergey Kosourov
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Julia Walter
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Meilin He
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Eva‐Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
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Rathore N, Kumar P, Mehta N, Swarnkar MK, Shankar R, Chawla A. Time-series RNA-Seq transcriptome profiling reveals novel insights about cold acclimation and de-acclimation processes in an evergreen shrub of high altitude. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15553. [PMID: 36114408 PMCID: PMC9481616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19834-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-altitude alpine regions are characterized by highly variable and harsh environmental conditions. However, relatively little is known about the diverse mechanisms adopted by alpine plants to adapt to these stressful conditions. Here, we studied variation in transcriptome and physiological adjustments occurring across the year at high elevation environments in the leaf tissue of Rhododendron anthopogon, an evergreen shrub of Himalaya. The samples were collected at 12 different time-points, from August until snowfall in November 2017, and then from June to September 2018. It was observed that with a drop in both ambient air temperature and photoperiod towards onset of winter, the freezing resistance of plants increased, resulting in 'cold acclimation'. Further, 'de-acclimation' was associated with a decrease in freezing resistance and increase in photosynthetic efficiency of leaves during spring. A considerable amount of variation was observed in the transcriptome in a time-dependent sequential manner, with a total of 9,881 differentially expressed genes. Based on gene expression profiles, the time-points could be segregated into four clusters directly correlating with the distinct phases of acclimation: non-acclimation (22-August-2017, 14-August-2018, 31-August-2018), early cold acclimation (12-September-2017, 29-September-2017), late cold acclimation (11-October-2017, 23-October-2017, 04-November-2017, 18-September-2018) and de-acclimation (15-June-2018, 28-June-2018, 14-July-2018). Cold acclimation was a gradual process, as indicated by presence of an intermediate stage (early acclimation). However, the plants can by-pass this stage when sudden decrease in temperature is encountered. The maximum variation in expression levels of genes occurred during the transition to de-acclimation, hence was 'transcriptionally' the most active phase. The similar or higher expression levels of genes during de-acclimation in comparison to non-acclimation suggested that molecular functionality is re-initiated after passing through the harsh winter conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Rathore
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, H.P, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, H.P, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Studio of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The Himalayan Centre for High-Throughput Computational Biology (HiCHiCoB, A BIC of Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, H.P, India
| | - Nandita Mehta
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, H.P, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | | | - Ravi Shankar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, H.P, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India. .,Studio of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The Himalayan Centre for High-Throughput Computational Biology (HiCHiCoB, A BIC of Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, H.P, India.
| | - Amit Chawla
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, H.P, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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10
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Wang Y, Xie Z, Wang X, Peng X, Zheng J. Fluorescent carbon-dots enhance light harvesting and photosynthesis by overexpressing PsbP and PsiK genes. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:260. [PMID: 34454524 PMCID: PMC8403421 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescent carbon-dots (CDs) with multifaceted advantages have provided hope for improvement of crop growth. Near infrared (NIR) CDs would be more competitive and promising than short-wavelength emissive CDs, which are not directly utilized by chloroplast. The molecular targets and underlying mechanism of these stimulative effects are rarely mentioned. RESULTS NIR-CDs with good mono-dispersity and hydrophily were easily prepared by a one-step microwave-assisted carbonization manner, which showed obvious UV absorptive and far-red emissive properties. The chloroplast-CDs complexes could accelerate the electron transfer from photosystem II (PS II) to photosystem I (PS I). NIR-CDs exhibited a concentration-dependent promotion effect on N. benthamiana growth by strengthening photosynthesis. We firstly demonstrated that potential mechanisms behind the photosynthesis-stimulating activity might be related to up-regulated expression of the photosynthesis and chloroplast synthesis related genes, among which PsbP and PsiK genes are the key regulators. CONCLUSION These results illustrated that NIR-CDs showed great potential in the applications to increase crop yields through ultraviolet light harvesting and elevated photosynthesis efficiency. This work would provide a theoretical basis for the understanding and applications of the luminescent nanomaterials (not limited to CDs) in the sunlight conversion-related sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuomi Xie
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Zheng
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zhang Z, Zhao LS, Liu LN. Characterizing the supercomplex association of photosynthetic complexes in cyanobacteria. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202142. [PMID: 34295515 PMCID: PMC8278045 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in thylakoid membranes that are densely packed with a series of photosynthetic complexes. The lateral organization and close association of photosynthetic complexes in native thylakoid membranes are vital for efficient light harvesting and energy transduction. Recently, analysis of the interconnections between photosynthetic complexes to form supercomplexes has garnered great interest. In this work, we report a method integrating immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy to identify the inter-complex associations of photosynthetic complexes in thylakoid membranes from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. We characterize the preferable associations between individual photosynthetic complexes and binding proteins involved in the complex-complex interfaces, permitting us to propose the structural models of photosynthetic complex associations that promote the formation of photosynthetic supercomplexes. We also identified other potential binding proteins with the photosynthetic complexes, suggesting the highly connecting networks associated with thylakoid membranes. This study provides mechanistic insight into the physical interconnections of photosynthetic complexes and potential partners, which are crucial for efficient energy transfer and physiological acclimatization of the photosynthetic apparatus. Advanced knowledge of the protein organization and interplay of the photosynthetic machinery will inform rational design and engineering of artificial photosynthetic systems to supercharge energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Zhang
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Long-Sheng Zhao
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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12
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Che Y, Kusama S, Matsui S, Suorsa M, Nakano T, Aro EM, Ifuku K. Arabidopsis PsbP-Like Protein 1 Facilitates the Assembly of the Photosystem II Supercomplexes and Optimizes Plant Fitness under Fluctuating Light. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1168-1180. [PMID: 32277833 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In green plants, photosystem II (PSII) forms multisubunit supercomplexes (SCs) containing a dimeric core and light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). In this study, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana PsbP-like protein 1 (PPL1) is involved in the assembly of the PSII SCs and is required for adaptation to changing light intensity. PPL1 is a homolog of PsbP protein that optimizes the water-oxidizing reaction of PSII in green plants and is required for the efficient repair of photodamaged PSII; however, its exact function has been unknown. PPL1 was enriched in stroma lamellae and grana margins and associated with PSII subcomplexes including PSII monomers and PSII dimers, and several LHCII assemblies, while PPL1 was not detected in PSII-LHCII SCs. In a PPL1 null mutant (ppl1-2), assembly of CP43, PsbR and PsbW was affected, resulting in a reduced accumulation of PSII SCs even under moderate light intensity. This caused the abnormal association of LHCII in ppl1-2, as indicated by lower maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and accelerated State 1 to State 2 transitions. These differences would lower the capability of plants to adapt to changing light environments, thereby leading to reduced growth under natural fluctuating light environments. Phylogenetic and structural analyses suggest that PPL1 is closely related to its cyanobacterial homolog CyanoP, which functions as an assembly factor in the early stage of PSII biogenesis. Our results suggest that PPL1 has a similar function, but the data also indicate that it could aid the association of LHCII with PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Che
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shoko Kusama
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shintaro Matsui
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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13
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Dall'Osto L, Cazzaniga S, Zappone D, Bassi R. Monomeric light harvesting complexes enhance excitation energy transfer from LHCII to PSII and control their lateral spacing in thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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15
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Frank S, Hollmann J, Mulisch M, Matros A, Carrión CC, Mock HP, Hensel G, Krupinska K. Barley cysteine protease PAP14 plays a role in degradation of chloroplast proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6057-6069. [PMID: 31403664 PMCID: PMC6859807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast protein degradation is known to occur both inside chloroplasts and in the vacuole. Genes encoding cysteine proteases have been found to be highly expressed during leaf senescence. However, it remains unclear where they participate in chloroplast protein degradation. In this study HvPAP14, which belongs to the C1A family of cysteine proteases, was identified in senescing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves by affinity enrichment using the mechanism-based probe DCG-04 targeting cysteine proteases and subsequent mass spectrometry. Biochemical analyses and expression of a HvPAP14:RFP fusion construct in barley protoplasts was used to identify the subcellular localization and putative substrates of HvPAP14. The HvPAP14:RFP fusion protein was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and in vesicular bodies. Immunological studies showed that HvPAP14 was mainly located in chloroplasts, where it was found in tight association with thylakoid membranes. The recombinant enzyme was activated by low pH, in accordance with the detection of HvPAP14 in the thylakoid lumen. Overexpression of HvPAP14 in barley revealed that the protease can cleave LHCB proteins and PSBO as well as the large subunit of Rubisco. HvPAP14 is involved in the normal turnover of chloroplast proteins and may have a function in bulk protein degradation during leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Frank
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Solana Research, Eichenallee 9, Windeby, Germany
| | - Maria Mulisch
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Central Microscopy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Matros
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Cristian C Carrión
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP, cc 327, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Götz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence:
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16
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Nikkanen L, Guinea Diaz M, Toivola J, Tiwari A, Rintamäki E. Multilevel regulation of non-photochemical quenching and state transitions by chloroplast NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:211-225. [PMID: 30578537 PMCID: PMC6850073 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In natural growth habitats, plants face constant, unpredictable changes in light conditions. To avoid damage to the photosynthetic apparatus on thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts, and to avoid wasteful reactions, it is crucial to maintain a redox balance both within the components of photosynthetic electron transfer chain and between the light reactions and stromal carbon metabolism under fluctuating light conditions. This requires coordinated function of the photoprotective and regulatory mechanisms, such as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and reversible redistribution of excitation energy between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). In this paper, we show that the NADPH-dependent chloroplast thioredoxin system (NTRC) is involved in the control of the activation of these mechanisms. In plants with altered NTRC content, the strict correlation between lumenal pH and NPQ is partially lost. We propose that NTRC contributes to downregulation of a slow-relaxing constituent of NPQ, whose induction is independent of lumenal acidification. Additionally, overexpression of NTRC enhances the ability to adjust the excitation balance between PSII and PSI, and improves the ability to oxidize the electron transfer chain during changes in light conditions. Thiol regulation allows coupling of the electron transfer chain to the stromal redox state during these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Manuel Guinea Diaz
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jouni Toivola
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Arjun Tiwari
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eevi Rintamäki
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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17
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Liu J, Moyankova D, Lin CT, Mladenov P, Sun RZ, Djilianov D, Deng X. Transcriptome reprogramming during severe dehydration contributes to physiological and metabolic changes in the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:351. [PMID: 30541446 PMCID: PMC6291977 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water shortage is a major factor that harms agriculture and ecosystems worldwide. Plants display various levels of tolerance to water deficit, but only resurrection plants can survive full desiccation of their vegetative tissues. Haberlea rhodopensis, an endemic plant of the Balkans, is one of the few resurrection plants found in Europe. We performed transcriptomic analyses of this species under slight, severe and full dehydration and recovery to investigate the dynamics of gene expression and associate them with existing physiological and metabolomics data. RESULTS De novo assembly yielded a total of 142,479 unigenes with an average sequence length of 1034 nt. Among them, 18,110 unigenes were differentially expressed. Hierarchical clustering of all differentially expressed genes resulted in seven clusters of dynamic expression patterns. The most significant expression changes, involving more than 15,000 genes, started at severe dehydration (~ 20% relative water content) and were partially maintained at full desiccation (< 10% relative water content). More than a hundred pathways were enriched and functionally organized in a GO/pathway network at the severe dehydration stage. Transcriptomic changes in key pathways were analyzed and discussed in relation to metabolic processes, signal transduction, quality control of protein and DNA repair in this plant during dehydration and rehydration. CONCLUSION Reprograming of the transcriptome occurs during severe dehydration, resulting in a profound alteration of metabolism toward alternative energy supply, hormone signal transduction, and prevention of DNA/protein damage under very low cellular water content, underlying the observed physiological and metabolic responses and the resurrection behavior of H. rhodopensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700 China
| | - Daniela Moyankova
- Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Chih-Ta Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Petko Mladenov
- Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Run-Ze Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Dimitar Djilianov
- Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
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18
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Locke AM, Slattery RA, Ort DR. Field-grown soybean transcriptome shows diurnal patterns in photosynthesis-related processes. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00099. [PMID: 31245700 PMCID: PMC6508813 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many plant physiological processes have diurnal patterns regulated by diurnal environmental changes and circadian rhythms, but the transcriptional underpinnings of many of these cycles have not been studied in major crop species under field conditions. Here, we monitored the transcriptome of field-grown soybean (Glycine max) during daylight hours in the middle of the growing season with RNA-seq. The analysis revealed 21% of soybean genes were differentially expressed over the course of the day. Expression of some circadian-related genes in field-grown soybean differed from previously reported expression patterns measured in controlled environments. Many genes in functional groups contributing to and/or depending on photosynthesis showed differential expression, with patterns particularly evident in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway. Gene regulatory network inference also revealed seven diurnally sensitive gene nodes involved with circadian rhythm, transcription regulation, cellular processes, and water transport. This study provides a diurnal overview of the transcriptome for an economically important field-grown crop and a basis for identifying pathways that could eventually be tailored to optimize diurnal regulation of carbon gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Locke
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research UnitUSDA‐ARSRaleighNorth Carolina
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - Rebecca A. Slattery
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA‐ARSUrbanaIllinois
| | - Donald R. Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA‐ARSUrbanaIllinois
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
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19
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Pinnola A, Alboresi A, Nosek L, Semchonok D, Rameez A, Trotta A, Barozzi F, Kouřil R, Dall'Osto L, Aro EM, Boekema EJ, Bassi R. A LHCB9-dependent photosystem I megacomplex induced under low light in Physcomitrella patens. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:910-919. [PMID: 30374091 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I of the moss Physcomitrella patens has special properties, including the capacity to undergo non-photochemical fluorescence quenching. We studied the organization of photosystem I under different light and carbon supply conditions in wild-type moss and in moss with the lhcb9 (light-harvesting complex) knockout genotype, which lacks an antenna protein endowed with red-shifted absorption forms. Wild-type moss, when grown on sugars and in low light, accumulated LHCB9 proteins and a large form of the photosystem I supercomplex, which, besides the canonical four LHCI subunits, included a LHCII trimer and four additional LHC monomers. The lhcb9 knockout produced an angiosperm-like photosystem I supercomplex with four LHCI subunits irrespective of the growth conditions. Growth in the presence of sublethal concentrations of electron transport inhibitors that caused oxidation or reduction of the plastoquinone pool prevented or promoted, respectively, the accumulation of LHCB9 and the formation of the photosystem I megacomplex. We suggest that LHCB9 is a key subunit regulating the antenna size of photosystem I and the ability to avoid the over-reduction of plastoquinone: this condition is potentially dangerous in the shaded and sunfleck-rich environment typical of mosses, whose plastoquinone pool is reduced by both photosystem II and the oxidation of sugar substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani'(DBB), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Lukáš Nosek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Semchonok
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arshad Rameez
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Fabrizio Barozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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20
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Mao H, Chen M, Su Y, Wu N, Yuan M, Yuan S, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Zhang H, Chen Y. Comparison on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3006. [PMID: 30279334 PMCID: PMC6213355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the evolutionary differences of wheat with different ploidy levels and octoploid Triticale, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant defenses system were compared within and between diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, and octoploid Triticale seedlings. The results showed that seed germination rate, chlorophyll content, and photochemical activity of photosystems, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in hexaploid wheat and octoploid Triticale were significantly higher than in diploid and tetraploid wheat. Compared to other two wheat species and octoploid Triticale, hexaploid wheat presented lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we found that the levels of photosystem II reaction center protein D1, light-harvesting complex II b4 (CP29), and D subunit of photosystem I (PsaD) in diploid wheat were significantly lower compared with hexaploid wheat and octoploid Triticale. Taken together, we concluded that hexaploid wheat and octoploid Triticale have higher photosynthetic capacities and better antioxidant systems. These findings indicate that different ploidy levels of chromosome probably play an important regulatory role in photosystems and antioxidative systems of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Mengying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Yanqiu Su
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610061, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Yanger Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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21
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Chen YE, Ma J, Wu N, Su YQ, Zhang ZW, Yuan M, Zhang HY, Zeng XY, Yuan S. The roles of Arabidopsis proteins of Lhcb4, Lhcb5 and Lhcb6 in oxidative stress under natural light conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:267-276. [PMID: 30032070 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Under light conditions, highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated in the antenna systems and the reaction center of photosystems (PS). The protective roles of Lhcb4 (CP29), Lhcb5 (CP26) and Lhcb6 (CP24), three minor chlorophyll binding antenna proteins during photoinhibition have been well studied. However, their regulatory mechanisms against oxidative damages under natural light conditions remain unknown. Here we investigated their specific roles in oxidative stress responses and photosynthetic adaptation by using the Arabidopsis thaliana knockout lines grown in the field condition. All three mutant lines exhibited decreased energy-transfer efficiency from the LHCII (light-harvesting complex II) to the PSII reaction center. Oxygen evolution capacity decreased slightly in the plants lacking Lhcb4 (koLHCB4) and Lhcb6 (koLHCB6). Photosynthetic rates and fitness for the plants lacking Lhcb5 (koLHCB5) or koLHCB6 grown in the field were affected, but not in the plants lacking Lhcb4. Antioxidant analysis indicated the lowest antioxidant enzyme activities and the lowest levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants in koLHCB6 plants. In addition, koLHCB6 plants accumulated much higher levels of superoxide and hydrogen, and suffered more severe oxidative-damages in the field. Our results clearly demonstrate that Lhcb6 may be involved in alleviating oxidative stress and photoprotection under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Su
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Huai-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Xian-Yin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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22
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Bressan M, Bassi R, Dall'Osto L. Loss of LHCI system affects LHCII re-distribution between thylakoid domains upon state transitions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:251-261. [PMID: 28918549 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
LHCI, the peripheral antenna system of Photosystem I, includes four light-harvesting proteins (Lhca1-Lhca4) in higher plants, all of which are devoid in the Arabidopsis thaliana knock-out mutant ΔLhca. PSI absorption cross-section was reduced in the mutant, thus affecting the redox balance of the photosynthetic electron chain and resulting in a more reduced PQ with respect to the wild type. ΔLhca plants developed compensatory response by enhancing LHCII binding to PSI. However, the amplitude of state transitions, as measured from changes of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo, was unexpectedly low than the high level of PSI-LHCII supercomplex established. In order to elucidate the reasons for discrepancy, we further analyzed state transition in ΔLhca plants. The STN7 kinase was fully active in the mutant as judged from up-regulation of LHCII phosphorylation in state II. Instead, the lateral heterogeneity of thylakoids was affected by lack of LHCI, with LHCII being enriched in stroma membranes with respect to the wild type. Re-distribution of this complex affected the overall fluorescence yield of thylakoids already in state I and minimized changes in RT fluorescence yield when LHCII did connect to PSI reaction center. We conclude that interpretation of chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of state transitions becomes problematic when applied to mutants whose thylakoid architecture is significantly modified with respect to the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Bressan
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
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23
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Ramamoorthy R, Vishal B, Ramachandran S, Kumar PP. The OsPS1-F gene regulates growth and development in rice by modulating photosynthetic electron transport rate. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:377-385. [PMID: 29149369 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ds insertion in rice OsPS1-F gene results in semi-dwarf plants with reduced tiller number and grain yield, while genetic complementation with OsPS1-F rescued the mutant phenotype. Photosynthetic electron transport is regulated in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by multi-protein complexes. Studies about photosynthetic machinery and its subunits in crop plants are necessary, because they could be crucial for yield enhancement in the long term. Here, we report the characterization of OsPS1-F (encoding Oryza sativa PHOTOSYSTEM 1-F subunit) using a single copy Ds insertion rice mutant line. The homozygous mutant (osps1-f) showed striking difference in growth and development compared to the wild type (WT), including, reduction in plant height, tiller number, grain yield as well as pale yellow leaf coloration. Chlorophyll concentration and electron transport rate were significantly reduced in the mutant compared to the WT. OsPS1-F gene was highly expressed in rice leaves compared to other tissues at different developmental stages tested. Upon complementation of the mutant with proUBI::OsPS1-F, the observed mutant phenotypes were rescued. Our results illustrate that OsPS1-F plays an important role in regulating proper growth and development of rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore.
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24
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Düner M, Lambertz J, Mügge C, Hemschemeier A. The soluble guanylate cyclase CYG12 is required for the acclimation to hypoxia and trophic regimes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:311-337. [PMID: 29161457 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic phototrophs frequently encounter environmental conditions that result in intracellular energy crises. Growth of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in hypoxia in the light depends on acclimatory responses of which the induction of photosynthetic cyclic electron flow is essential. The microalga cannot grow in the absence of molecular oxygen (O2 ) in the dark, although it possesses an elaborate fermentation metabolism. Not much is known about how the microalga senses and signals the lack of O2 or about its survival strategies during energy crises. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged to be required for the acclimation of C. reinhardtii to hypoxia. In this study, we show that the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) CYG12, a homologue of animal NO sensors, is also involved in this response. CYG12 is an active sGC, and post-transcriptional down-regulation of the CYG12 gene impairs hypoxic growth and gene expression in C. reinhardtii. However, it also results in a disturbed photosynthetic apparatus under standard growth conditions and the inability to grow heterotrophically. Transcriptome profiles indicate that the mis-expression of CYG12 results in a perturbation of responses that, in the wild-type, maintain the cellular energy budget. We suggest that CYG12 is required for the proper operation of the photosynthetic apparatus which, in turn, is essential for survival in hypoxia and darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Düner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Workgroup Photobiotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Lambertz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Workgroup Photobiotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carolin Mügge
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Hemschemeier
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Workgroup Photobiotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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25
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Extensive gain and loss of photosystem I subunits in chromerid algae, photosynthetic relatives of apicomplexans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13214. [PMID: 29038514 PMCID: PMC5643376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis the initial photochemical processes are carried out by photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII). Although subunit composition varies between cyanobacterial and plastid photosystems, the core structures of PSI and PSII are conserved throughout photosynthetic eukaryotes. So far, the photosynthetic complexes have been characterised in only a small number of organisms. We performed in silico and biochemical studies to explore the organization and evolution of the photosynthetic apparatus in the chromerids Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis, autotrophic relatives of apicomplexans. We catalogued the presence and location of genes coding for conserved subunits of the photosystems as well as cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase in chromerids and other phototrophs and performed a phylogenetic analysis. We then characterised the photosynthetic complexes of Chromera and Vitrella using 2D gels combined with mass-spectrometry and further analysed the purified Chromera PSI. Our data suggest that the photosynthetic apparatus of chromerids underwent unique structural changes. Both photosystems (as well as cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase) lost several canonical subunits, while PSI gained one superoxide dismutase (Vitrella) or two superoxide dismutases and several unknown proteins (Chromera) as new regular subunits. We discuss these results in light of the extraordinarily efficient photosynthetic processes described in Chromera.
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26
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Mazor Y, Borovikova A, Caspy I, Nelson N. Structure of the plant photosystem I supercomplex at 2.6 Å resolution. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:17014. [PMID: 28248295 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Four elaborate membrane complexes carry out the light reaction of oxygenic photosynthesis. Photosystem I (PSI) is one of two large reaction centres responsible for converting light photons into the chemical energy needed to sustain life. In the thylakoid membranes of plants, PSI is found together with its integral light-harvesting antenna, light-harvesting complex I (LHCI), in a membrane supercomplex containing hundreds of light-harvesting pigments. Here, we report the crystal structure of plant PSI-LHCI at 2.6 Å resolution. The structure reveals the configuration of PsaK, a core subunit important for state transitions in plants, a conserved network of water molecules surrounding the electron transfer centres and an elaborate structure of lipids bridging PSI and its LHCI antenna. We discuss the implications of the structure for energy transfer and the evolution of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Mazor
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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27
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Schöttler MA, Thiele W, Belkius K, Bergner SV, Flügel C, Wittenberg G, Agrawal S, Stegemann S, Ruf S, Bock R. The plastid-encoded PsaI subunit stabilizes photosystem I during leaf senescence in tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1137-1155. [PMID: 28180288 PMCID: PMC5429015 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PsaI is the only subunit of PSI whose precise physiological function has not yet been elucidated in higher plants. While PsaI is involved in PSI trimerization in cyanobacteria, trimerization was lost during the evolution of the eukaryotic PSI, and the entire PsaI side of PSI underwent major structural remodelling to allow for binding of light harvesting complex II antenna proteins during state transitions. Here, we have generated a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) knockout mutant of the plastid-encoded psaI gene. We show that PsaI is not required for the redox reactions of PSI. Neither plastocyanin oxidation nor the processes at the PSI acceptor side are impaired in the mutant, and both linear and cyclic electron flux rates are unaltered. The PSI antenna cross section is unaffected, state transitions function normally, and binding of other PSI subunits to the reaction centre is not compromised. Under a wide range of growth conditions, the mutants are phenotypically and physiologically indistinguishable from wild-type tobacco. However, in response to high-light and chilling stress, and especially during leaf senescence, PSI content is reduced in the mutants, indicating that the I-subunit plays a role in stabilizing PSI complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Karolina Belkius
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Bergner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Claudia Flügel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gal Wittenberg
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shreya Agrawal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sandra Stegemann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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28
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Alboresi A, Le Quiniou C, Yadav SKN, Scholz M, Meneghesso A, Gerotto C, Simionato D, Hippler M, Boekema EJ, Croce R, Morosinotto T. Conservation of core complex subunits shaped the structure and function of photosystem I in the secondary endosymbiont alga Nannochloropsis gaditana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:714-726. [PMID: 27620972 PMCID: PMC5216901 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a pigment protein complex catalyzing the light-driven electron transport from plastocyanin to ferredoxin in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Several PSI subunits are highly conserved in cyanobacteria, algae and plants, whereas others are distributed differentially in the various organisms. Here we characterized the structural and functional properties of PSI purified from the heterokont alga Nannochloropsis gaditana, showing that it is organized as a supercomplex including a core complex and an outer antenna, as in plants and other eukaryotic algae. Differently from all known organisms, the N. gaditana PSI supercomplex contains five peripheral antenna proteins, identified by proteome analysis as type-R light-harvesting complexes (LHCr4-8). Two antenna subunits are bound in a conserved position, as in PSI in plants, whereas three additional antennae are associated with the core on the other side. This peculiar antenna association correlates with the presence of PsaF/J and the absence of PsaH, G and K in the N. gaditana genome and proteome. Excitation energy transfer in the supercomplex is highly efficient, leading to a very high trapping efficiency as observed in all other PSI eukaryotes, showing that although the supramolecular organization of PSI changed during evolution, fundamental functional properties such as trapping efficiency were maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alboresi
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
| | - Clotilde Le Quiniou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and BiophotonicsFaculty of SciencesVU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10811081 HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sathish K. N. Yadav
- Electron Microscopy GroupGroningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterMünster48143Germany
| | - Andrea Meneghesso
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
| | - Caterina Gerotto
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
| | - Diana Simionato
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterMünster48143Germany
| | - Egbert J. Boekema
- Electron Microscopy GroupGroningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and BiophotonicsFaculty of SciencesVU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10811081 HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
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29
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Suorsa M, Rossi F, Tadini L, Labs M, Colombo M, Jahns P, Kater MM, Leister D, Finazzi G, Aro EM, Barbato R, Pesaresi P. PGR5-PGRL1-Dependent Cyclic Electron Transport Modulates Linear Electron Transport Rate in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:271-288. [PMID: 26687812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants need tight regulation of photosynthetic electron transport for survival and growth under environmental and metabolic conditions. For this purpose, the linear electron transport (LET) pathway is supplemented by a number of alternative electron transfer pathways and valves. In Arabidopsis, cyclic electron transport (CET) around photosystem I (PSI), which recycles electrons from ferrodoxin to plastoquinone, is the most investigated alternative route. However, the interdependence of LET and CET and the relative importance of CET remain unclear, largely due to the difficulties in precise assessment of the contribution of CET in the presence of LET, which dominates electron flow under physiological conditions. We therefore generated Arabidopsis mutants with a minimal water-splitting activity, and thus a low rate of LET, by combining knockout mutations in PsbO1, PsbP2, PsbQ1, PsbQ2, and PsbR loci. The resulting Δ5 mutant is viable, although mature leaves contain only ∼ 20% of wild-type naturally less abundant PsbO2 protein. Δ5 plants compensate for the reduction in LET by increasing the rate of CET, and inducing a strong non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) response during dark-to-light transitions. To identify the molecular origin of such a high-capacity CET, we constructed three sextuple mutants lacking the qE component of NPQ (Δ5 npq4-1), NDH-mediated CET (Δ5 crr4-3), or PGR5-PGRL1-mediated CET (Δ5 pgr5). Their analysis revealed that PGR5-PGRL1-mediated CET plays a major role in ΔpH formation and induction of NPQ in C3 plants. Moreover, while pgr5 dies at the seedling stage under fluctuating light conditions, Δ5 pgr5 plants are able to survive, which underlines the importance of PGR5 in modulating the intersystem electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Tadini
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mathias Labs
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Monica Colombo
- Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin M Kater
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Roberto Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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30
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Sui N, Yang Z, Liu M, Wang B. Identification and transcriptomic profiling of genes involved in increasing sugar content during salt stress in sweet sorghum leaves. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:534. [PMID: 26186930 PMCID: PMC4506618 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet sorghum is an annual C4 crop considered to be one of the most promising bio-energy crops due to its high sugar content in stem, yet it is poorly understood how this plant increases its sugar content in response to salt stress. In response to high NaCl, many of its major processes, such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis, energy and lipid metabolism, are inhibited. Interestingly, sugar content in sweet sorghum stems remains constant or even increases in several salt-tolerant species. RESULTS In this study, the transcript profiles of two sweet sorghum inbred lines (salt-tolerant M-81E and salt-sensitive Roma) were analyzed in the presence of 0 mM or 150 mM NaCl in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that lead to higher sugar content during salt stress. We identified 864 and 930 differentially expressed genes between control plants and those subjected to salt stress in both M-81E and Roma strains. We determined that the majority of these genes are involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Genes important for maintaining photosystem structure and for regulating electron transport were less affected by salt stress in the M-81E line compared to the salt-sensitive Roma line. In addition, expression of genes encoding NADP(+)-malate enzyme and sucrose synthetase was up-regulated and expression of genes encoding invertase was down-regulated under salt stress in M-81E. In contrast, the expression of these genes showed the opposite trend in Roma under salt stress. CONCLUSIONS The results we obtained revealed that the salt-tolerant genotype M-81E leads to increased sugar content under salt stress by protecting important structures of photosystems, by enhancing the accumulation of photosynthetic products, by increasing the production of sucrose synthetase and by inhibiting sucrose decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of life science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of life science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
| | - Mingli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of life science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of life science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
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31
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Nelson CJ, Millar AH. Protein turnover in plant biology. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15176. [PMID: 27246884 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The protein content of plant cells is constantly being updated. This process is driven by the opposing actions of protein degradation, which defines the half-life of each polypeptide, and protein synthesis. Our understanding of the processes that regulate protein synthesis and degradation in plants has advanced significantly over the past decade. Post-transcriptional modifications that influence features of the mRNA populations, such as poly(A) tail length and secondary structure, contribute to the regulation of protein synthesis. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and non-enzymatic processes such as nitrosylation and carbonylation, govern the rate of degradation. Regulators such as the plant TOR kinase, and effectors such as the E3 ligases, allow plants to balance protein synthesis and degradation under developmental and environmental change. Establishing an integrated understanding of the processes that underpin changes in protein abundance under various physiological and developmental scenarios will accelerate our ability to model and rationally engineer plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark J Nelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Betterle N, Ballottari M, Baginsky S, Bassi R. High light-dependent phosphorylation of photosystem II inner antenna CP29 in monocots is STN7 independent and enhances nonphotochemical quenching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:457-71. [PMID: 25501945 PMCID: PMC4326754 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.252379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the photosystem II antenna protein CP29 has been reported to be induced by excess light and further enhanced by low temperature, increasing resistance to these stressing factors. Moreover, high light-induced CP29 phosphorylation was specifically found in monocots, both C3 and C4, which include the large majority of food crops. Recently, knockout collections have become available in rice (Oryza sativa), a model organism for monocots. In this work, we have used reverse genetics coupled to biochemical and physiological analysis to elucidate the molecular basis of high light-induced phosphorylation of CP29 and the mechanisms by which it exerts a photoprotective effect. We found that kinases and phosphatases involved in CP29 phosphorylation are distinct from those reported to act in State 1-State 2 transitions. In addition, we elucidated the photoprotective role of CP29 phosphorylation in reducing singlet oxygen production and enhancing excess energy dissipation. We thus established, in monocots, a mechanistic connection between phosphorylation of CP29 and nonphotochemical quenching, two processes so far considered independent from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Betterle
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
| | - Sacha Baginsky
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
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Yang H, Liu J, Wen X, Lu C. Molecular mechanism of photosystem I assembly in oxygenic organisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:838-48. [PMID: 25582571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I, an integral membrane and multi-subunit complex, catalyzes the oxidation of plastocyanin and the reduction of ferredoxin by absorbed light energy. Photosystem I participates in photosynthetic acclimation processes by being involved in cyclic electron transfer and state transitions for sustaining efficient photosynthesis. The photosystem I complex is highly conserved from cyanobacteria to higher plants and contains the light-harvesting complex and the reaction center complex. The assembly of the photosystem I complex is highly complicated and involves the concerted assembly of multiple subunits and hundreds of cofactors. A suite of regulatory factors for the assembly of photosystem I subunits and cofactors have been identified that constitute an integrative network regulating PSI accumulation. This review aims to discuss recent findings in the field relating to how the photosystem I complex is assembled in oxygenic organisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xiaogang Wen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Bo V, Curtis T, Lysenko A, Saqi M, Swift S, Tucker A. Discovering study-specific gene regulatory networks. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106524. [PMID: 25191999 PMCID: PMC4156366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarrays are commonly used in biology because of their ability to simultaneously measure thousands of genes under different conditions. Due to their structure, typically containing a high amount of variables but far fewer samples, scalable network analysis techniques are often employed. In particular, consensus approaches have been recently used that combine multiple microarray studies in order to find networks that are more robust. The purpose of this paper, however, is to combine multiple microarray studies to automatically identify subnetworks that are distinctive to specific experimental conditions rather than common to them all. To better understand key regulatory mechanisms and how they change under different conditions, we derive unique networks from multiple independent networks built using glasso which goes beyond standard correlations. This involves calculating cluster prediction accuracies to detect the most predictive genes for a specific set of conditions. We differentiate between accuracies calculated using cross-validation within a selected cluster of studies (the intra prediction accuracy) and those calculated on a set of independent studies belonging to different study clusters (inter prediction accuracy). Finally, we compare our method's results to related state-of-the art techniques. We explore how the proposed pipeline performs on both synthetic data and real data (wheat and Fusarium). Our results show that subnetworks can be identified reliably that are specific to subsets of studies and that these networks reflect key mechanisms that are fundamental to the experimental conditions in each of those subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bo
- Department of Information System and Computing, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Swift
- Department of Information System and Computing, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Tucker
- Department of Information System and Computing, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
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35
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Cotton photosynthesis-related PSAK1 protein is involved in plant response to aphid attack. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3191-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Cazzaniga S, Dall' Osto L, Kong SG, Wada M, Bassi R. Interaction between avoidance of photon absorption, excess energy dissipation and zeaxanthin synthesis against photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:568-79. [PMID: 24033721 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved photoprotective mechanisms in order to counteract the damaging effects of excess light in oxygenic environments. Among them, chloroplast avoidance and non-photochemical quenching concur in reducing the concentration of chlorophyll excited states in the photosynthetic apparatus to avoid photooxidation. We evaluated their relative importance in regulating excitation pressure on photosystem II. To this aim, genotypes were constructed carrying mutations impairing the chloroplast avoidance response (phot2) as well as mutations affecting the biosynthesis of the photoprotective xanthophyll zeaxanthin (npq1) or the activation of non-photochemical quenching (npq4), followed by evaluation of their photosensitivity in vivo. Suppression of avoidance response resulted in oxidative stress under excess light at low temperature, while removing either zeaxanthin or PsbS had a milder effect. The double mutants phot2 npq1 and phot2 npq4 showed the highest sensitivity to photooxidative stress, indicating that xanthophyll cycle and qE have additive effects over the avoidance response. The interactions between non-photochemical quenching and avoidance responses were studied by analyzing the kinetics of fluorescence decay and recovery at different light intensities. phot2 fluorescence decay lacked a component, here named as qM. This kinetic component linearly correlated with the leaf transmittance changes due to chloroplast relocation induced by white light and was absent when red light was used as actinic source. On these basis we conclude that a decrease in leaf optical density affects the apparent non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) rise kinetic. Thus, excess light-induced fluorescence decrease is in part due to avoidance of photon absorption rather than to a genuine quenching process.
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37
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Busch A, Petersen J, Webber-Birungi MT, Powikrowska M, Lassen LMM, Naumann-Busch B, Nielsen AZ, Ye J, Boekema EJ, Jensen ON, Lunde C, Jensen PE. Composition and structure of photosystem I in the moss Physcomitrella patens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:2689-99. [PMID: 23682117 PMCID: PMC3697952 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bryophytes, which diverged from the ancestor of seed plants more than 400 million years ago, came into focus in photosynthesis research as they can provide valuable insights into the evolution of photosynthetic complexes during the adaptation to terrestrial life. This study isolated intact photosystem I (PSI) with its associated light-harvesting complex (LHCI) from the moss Physcomitrella patens and characterized its structure, polypeptide composition, and light-harvesting function using electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, biochemical, and physiological methods. It became evident that Physcomitrella possesses a strikingly high number of isoforms for the different PSI core subunits as well as LHCI proteins. It was demonstrated that all these different subunit isoforms are expressed at the protein level and are incorporated into functional PSI-LHCI complexes. Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports, it was demonstrated that Physcomitrella assembles a light-harvesting complex consisting of four light-harvesting proteins forming a higher-plant-like PSI superstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Busch
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mariam T. Webber-Birungi
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Powikrowska
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lærke Marie Münter Lassen
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bianca Naumann-Busch
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Juanying Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Egbert J. Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ole Nørregaard Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christina Lunde
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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de Bang TC, Pedas P, Schjoerring JK, Jensen PE, Husted S. Multiplexed Quantification of Plant Thylakoid Proteins on Western Blots Using Lanthanide-Labeled Antibodies and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Anal Chem 2013; 85:5047-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400561q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Christian de Bang
- Department of Plant
and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | - Pai Pedas
- Department of Plant
and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Department of Plant
and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Plant
and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Department of Plant
and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
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39
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Grimaud F, Renaut J, Dumont E, Sergeant K, Lucau-Danila A, Blervacq AS, Sellier H, Bahrman N, Lejeune-Hénaut I, Delbreil B, Goulas E. Exploring chloroplastic changes related to chilling and freezing tolerance during cold acclimation of pea (Pisum sativum L.). J Proteomics 2013; 80:145-59. [PMID: 23318888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) productivity is linked to its ability to cope with abiotic stresses such as low temperatures during fall and winter. In this study, we investigate the chloroplast-related changes occurring during pea cold acclimation, in order to further lead to genetic improvement of its field performance. Champagne and Térèse, two pea lines with different acclimation capabilities, were studied by physiological measurements, sub-cellular fractionation followed by relative protein quantification and two-dimensional DIGE. The chilling tolerance might be related to an increase in protein related to soluble sugar synthesis, antioxidant potential, regulation of mRNA transcription and translation through the chloroplast. Freezing tolerance, only observed in Champagne, seems to rely on a higher inherent photosynthetic potential at the beginning of the cold exposure, combined with an early ability to start metabolic processes aimed at maintaining the photosynthetic capacity, optimizing the stoichiometry of the photosystems and inducing dynamic changes in carbohydrate and protein synthesis and/or turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Grimaud
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France; Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, Department of Environment and Agrobiotechnologies (EVA), 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, Department of Environment and Agrobiotechnologies (EVA), 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Estelle Dumont
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, Department of Environment and Agrobiotechnologies (EVA), 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Anca Lucau-Danila
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Blervacq
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Hélène Sellier
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Nasser Bahrman
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Isabelle Lejeune-Hénaut
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Bruno Delbreil
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Estelle Goulas
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
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40
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Nath K, Elizabeth J, Poudyal RS, Ko SY, Lim WK, Lee CH. Mobilization of Photosystem II-Light Harvesting Complex II Supercomplexes during High Light Illumination and State Transitions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5857/rcp.2013.2.1.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Wunder T, Liu Q, Aseeva E, Bonardi V, Leister D, Pribil M. Control of STN7 transcript abundance and transient STN7 dimerisation are involved in the regulation of STN7 activity. PLANTA 2013; 237:541-58. [PMID: 23086342 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of LHCII, the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II, controls its migration between the two photosystems (state transitions), and serves to adapt the photosynthetic machinery of plants and green algae to short-term changes in ambient light conditions. The thylakoid kinase STN7 is required for LHCII phosphorylation and state transitions in vascular plants. Regulation of STN7 levels occurs at the post-translational level, depends on the thylakoid redox state, and might involve reversible autophosphorylation. Here, we have analysed the effects of different light conditions and chemical inhibitors on the abundance of STN7 transcripts and their products. This analysis was performed in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants, in several photosynthetic mutants, and in lines overexpressing STN7 (oeSTN7) or expressing mutant variants of STN7 carrying single or double cysteine-serine exchanges. It was found that accumulation of the STN7 protein is also controlled at the level of transcript abundance. Under certain conditions, exposure to high light or far-red light treatment, the relative decreases in LHCII phosphorylation can be attributed to decreases in STN7 abundance. Nevertheless, inhibitor experiments showed that redox control of LHCII kinase activity persists in oeSTN7 plants. STN7 dimers were found in oeSTN7 plants and in lines with single cysteine-serine exchanges, indicating that dimerisation involves disulphide bridges. We speculate that transient STN7 dimerisation is required for STN7 activity, and that the altered dimerisation behaviour of oeSTN7 plants might be responsible for the unusually high phosphorylation of LHCII in the dark found in this genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wunder
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Großhaderner Strasse 2, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Liu J, Yang H, Lu Q, Wen X, Chen F, Peng L, Zhang L, Lu C. PsbP-domain protein1, a nuclear-encoded thylakoid lumenal protein, is essential for photosystem I assembly in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:4992-5006. [PMID: 23221595 PMCID: PMC3556971 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.106542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the molecular details of photosystem I (PSI) biogenesis, we characterized the PsbP-domain protein1 (ppd1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that specifically lacks PSI activity. Deletion of PPD1 results in an inability of the mutant to grow photoautotrophically and a specific loss of the stable PSI complex. Unaltered transcription and translation of plastid-encoded PSI genes indicate that PPD1 acts at the posttranslational level. In vivo protein labeling experiments reveal that the rate of synthesis of PSI reaction center proteins PsaA/B in ppd1 is comparable to that of wild-type plants, whereas the rate of turnover of PsaA/B proteins is higher in ppd1 than in wild-type plants. With increasing leaf age, PPD1 content decreases considerably, while PSI content remains constant. PPD1 is a nuclear-encoded thylakoid lumenal protein and is associated with PSI but is not an integral subunit of PSI. Biochemical and molecular analyses reveal that PPD1 interacts directly and specifically with PsaB and PsaA. Yeast two-hybrid experiments show that PPD1 interacts with some lumenal loops of PsaB and PsaA. Our results suggest that PPD1 is a PSI assembly factor that assists the proper folding and integration of PsaB and PsaA into the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qingtao Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaogang Wen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100093, China
- Address correspondence to
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43
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Hallik L, Niinemets U, Kull O. Photosynthetic acclimation to light in woody and herbaceous species: a comparison of leaf structure, pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics measured in the field. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:88-99. [PMID: 21972867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of foliage photosynthetic properties occurs with varying time kinetics, but structural, chemical and physiological factors controlling the kinetics of acclimation are poorly understood, especially in field environments. We measured chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf total carotenoid (Car), chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) content and leaf dry mass per area (LMA) along vertical light gradients in natural canopies of the herb species, Inula salicina and Centaurea jacea, and tree species, Populus tremula and Tilia cordata, in the middle of the growing season. Presence of stress was assessed on the basis of night measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence. Our aim was to compare the light acclimation of leaf traits, which respond to light availability at long (LMA and N), medium (Chl a/b ratio, Car/Chl ratio) and short time scales (fluorescence characteristics). We found that light acclimation of nitrogen content per unit leaf area (N(area)), chlorophyll content per unit dry mass (Chl(mass)) and Chl/N ratio were related to modifications in LMA. The maximum PSII quantum yield (F(v) /F(m)) increased with increasing growth irradiance in I. salicina and P. tremula but decreased in T. cordata. Leaf growth irradiance, N content and plant species explained the majority of variability in chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, up to 90% for steady-state fluorescence yield, while the contribution of leaf total carotenoid content was generally not significant. Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics did not differ strongly between growth forms, but differed among species within a given growth form. These data highlight that foliage acclimation to light is driven by interactions between traits with varying time kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hallik
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
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44
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Drop B, Webber-Birungi M, Fusetti F, Kouřil R, Redding KE, Boekema EJ, Croce R. Photosystem I of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains nine light-harvesting complexes (Lhca) located on one side of the core. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44878-87. [PMID: 22049081 PMCID: PMC3247965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.301101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have purified the Photosystem I (PSI) complex of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to homogeneity. Biochemical, proteomic, spectroscopic, and structural analyses reveal the main properties of this PSI-LHCI supercomplex. The data show that the largest purified complex is composed of one core complex and nine Lhca antennas and that it contains all Lhca gene products. A projection map at 15 Å resolution obtained by electron microscopy reveals that the Lhcas are organized on one side of the core in a double half-ring arrangement, in contrast with previous suggestions. A series of stable disassembled PSI-LHCI intermediates was purified. The analysis of these complexes suggests the sequence of the assembly/disassembly process. It is shown that PSI-LHCI of C. reinhardtii is larger but far less stable than the complex from higher plants. Lhca2 and Lhca9 (the red-most antenna complexes), although present in the largest complex in 1:1 ratio with the core, are only loosely associated with it. This can explain the large variation in antenna composition of PSI-LHCI from C. reinhardtii found in the literature. The analysis of several subcomplexes with reduced antenna size allows determination of the position of Lhca2 and Lhca9 and leads to a proposal for a model of the organization of the Lhcas within the PSI-LHCI supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Drop
- From the Department of Biophysical Chemistry and
- the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fabrizia Fusetti
- Department of Biochemistry and the Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Groningen Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Kouřil
- From the Department of Biophysical Chemistry and
| | - Kevin E. Redding
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, and
| | | | - Roberta Croce
- From the Department of Biophysical Chemistry and
- the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Ignatova LK, Rudenko NN, Mudrik VA, Fedorchuk TP, Ivanov BN. Carbonic anhydrase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid membrane and fragments enriched with PSI or PSII. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 110:89-98. [PMID: 22006267 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The procedure of isolating the thylakoids and the thylakoid membrane fragments enriched with either photosystem I or photosystem II (PSI- and PSII-membranes) from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was developed. It differed from the one used with pea and spinach in durations of detergent treatment and centrifugation, and in concentrations of detergent and Mg(2+) in the media. Both the thylakoid and the fragments preserved carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities. Using nondenaturing electrophoresis followed by detection of CA activity in the gel stained with bromo thymol blue, one low molecular mass carrier of CA activity was found in the PSI-membranes, and two carriers, a low molecular mass one and a high molecular mass one, were found in the PSII-membranes. The proteins in the PSII-membranes differed in their sensitivity to acetazolamide (AA), a specific CA inhibitor. AA at 5 × 10(-7) M inhibited the CA activity of the high molecular mass protein but stimulated the activity of the low molecular mass carrier in the PSII-membranes. At the same concentration, AA moderately inhibited, by 30%, the CA activity of PSI-membranes. CA activity of the PSII-membranes was almost completely suppressed by the lipophilic CA inhibitor, ethoxyzolamide at 10(-9) M, whereas CA activity of the PSI-membranes was inhibited by this inhibitor even at 5 × 10(-7) M just the same as for AA. The observed distribution of CA activity in the thylakoid membranes from A. thaliana was close to the one found in the membranes of pea, evidencing the general pattern of CA activity in the thylakoid membranes of C3-plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila K Ignatova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia 142290.
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Abstract
Plants are light-driven "green" factories able to synthesize more than 200,000 different bioactive natural products, many of which are high-value products used as drugs (e.g., artemisinin, taxol, and thapsigargin). In the formation of natural products, cytochrome P450 (P450) monooxygenases play a key role in catalyzing regio- and stereospecific hydroxylations that are often difficult to achieve using the approaches of chemical synthesis. P450-catalyzed monooxygenations are dependent on electron donation typically from NADPH catalyzed by NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR). The consumption of the costly cofactor NADPH constitutes an economical obstacle for biotechnological in vitro applications of P450s. This bottleneck has been overcome by the design of an in vitro system able to carry out light-driven P450 hydroxylations using photosystem I (PSI) for light harvesting and generation of reducing equivalents necessary to drive the P450 catalytic cycle. The in vitro system is based on the use of isolated PSI and P450 membrane complexes using ferredoxin as an electron carrier. The turnover rate of the P450 in the light-driven system was 413 min(-1) compared to 228 min(-1) in the native CPR-catalyzed system. The use of light as a substitute for costly NADPH offers a new avenue for P450-mediated synthesis of complex bioactive natural products using in vitro synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Jensen
- Department
of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, ‡VKR Research Centre “Pro-Active Plants”, and §Center for Synthetic
Biology, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department
of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, ‡VKR Research Centre “Pro-Active Plants”, and §Center for Synthetic
Biology, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Department
of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, ‡VKR Research Centre “Pro-Active Plants”, and §Center for Synthetic
Biology, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Sárvári E, Solti A, Basa B, Mészáros I, Lévai L, Fodor F. Impact of moderate Fe excess under Cd stress on the photosynthetic performance of poplar (Populus jacquemontiana var. glauca cv. Kopeczkii). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:499-505. [PMID: 21420307 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium interference with Fe nutrition has a strong impact on the development and efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus. To shed more light on the interaction between Fe and Cd, it was studied how iron given in moderate excess under Cd stress affects the development and functioning of chlorophyll-protein complexes. Poplar plants grown in hydroponics up to four-leaf stage were treated with 10 μM Cd(NO₃)₂ in the presence of 50 μM Fe([III])-citrate as iron supply (5xFe + Cad) for two weeks. Though leaf area growth was inhibited similarly to that of Cad (10 μM Cd(NO₃)₂ + 10 μM Fe([III])-citrate) plants, chlorophyll content, ¹⁴CO₂ fixation and quenching parameters calculated from PAM fluorescence induction measurements were control-like in 5xFe+Cad leaves. Increased chloroplast iron content (measured photometrically by the bathophenanthroline disulfonate method) without changes in the iron and cadmium content of leaves (determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) pointed out that a key factor in the observed protection of photosynthesis is the iron-excess-induced redistribution of iron in the leaf. However, the chlorophyll a/b ratio and the chlorophyll-protein pattern obtained by Deriphat PAGE remained similar to that of Cad leaves. The decreased amount of PSII core and PSI in mature and developing leaves, respectively, refers to developmental stage-dependent remodelling of thylakoids in the presence of Cd. The results underline not only the beneficial effect of iron excess under Cd stress, but also refer to the importance of a proper Fe/Cd ratio and light environment to avoid its possible harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sárvári
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
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49
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Busch A, Hippler M. The structure and function of eukaryotic photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:864-77. [PMID: 20920463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic photosystem I consists of two functional moieties: the photosystem I core, harboring the components for the light-driven charge separation and the subsequent electron transfer, and the peripheral light-harvesting complex (LHCI). While the photosystem I-core remained highly conserved throughout the evolution, with the exception of the oxidizing side of photosystem I, the LHCI complex shows a high degree of variability in size, subunits composition and bound pigments, which is due to the large variety of different habitats photosynthetic organisms dwell in. Besides summarizing the most current knowledge on the photosystem I-core structure, we will discuss the composition and structure of the LHCI complex from different eukaryotic organisms, both from the red and the green clade. Furthermore, mechanistic insights into electron transfer between the donor and acceptor side of photosystem I and its soluble electron transfer carrier proteins will be given. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Busch
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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50
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Ozawa SI, Onishi T, Takahashi Y. Identification and characterization of an assembly intermediate subcomplex of photosystem I in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:20072-9. [PMID: 20413595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.098954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a multiprotein complex consisting of the PSI core and peripheral light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) that together form the PSI-LHCI supercomplex in algae and higher plants. The supercomplex is synthesized in steps during which 12-15 core and 4-9 LHCI subunits are assembled. Here we report the isolation of a PSI subcomplex that separated on a sucrose density gradient from the thylakoid membranes isolated from logarithmic growth phase cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Pulse-chase labeling of total cellular proteins revealed that the subcomplex was synthesized de novo within 1 min and was converted to the mature PSI-LHCI during the 2-h chase period, indicating that the subcomplex was an assembly intermediate. The subcomplex was functional; it photo-oxidized P700 and demonstrated electron transfer activity. The subcomplex lacked PsaK and PsaG, however, and it bound PsaF and PsaJ weakly and was not associated with LHCI. It seemed likely that LHCI had been integrated into the subcomplex unstably and was dissociated during solubilization and/or fractionation. We, thus, infer that PsaK and PsaG stabilize the association between PSI core and LHCI complexes and that PsaK and PsaG bind to the PSI core complex after the integration of LHCI in one of the last steps of PSI complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kita-ku, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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