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Patritti-Cram J, Rahrmann EP, Rizvi TA, Scheffer KC, Phoenix TN, Largaespada DA, Ratner N. NF1-dependent disruption of the blood-nerve-barrier is improved by blockade of P2RY14. iScience 2024; 27:110294. [PMID: 39100928 PMCID: PMC11294707 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-nerve-barrier (BNB) that regulates peripheral nerve homeostasis is formed by endoneurial capillaries and perineurial cells surrounding the Schwann cell (SC)-rich endoneurium. Barrier dysfunction is common in human tumorigenesis, including in some nerve tumors. We identify barrier disruption in human NF1 deficient neurofibromas, which were characterized by reduced perineurial cell glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression and increased endoneurial fibrin(ogen) deposition. Conditional Nf1 loss in murine SCs recapitulated these alterations and revealed decreased tight junctions and decreased caveolin-1 (Cav1) expression in mutant nerves and in tumors, implicating reduced Cav1-mediated transcytosis in barrier disruption and tumorigenesis. Additionally, elevated receptor tyrosine kinase activity and genetic deletion of Cav1 increased endoneurial fibrin(ogen), and promoted SC tumor formation. Finally, when SC lacked Nf1, genetic loss or pharmacological inhibition of P2RY14 rescued Cav1 expression and barrier function. Thus, loss of Nf1 in SC causes dysfunction of the BNB via P2RY14-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Patritti-Cram
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0713, USA
| | - Eric P. Rahrmann
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tilat A. Rizvi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Katherine C. Scheffer
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Timothy N. Phoenix
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Wrinkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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de Abreu Mello A, Motta Portal T, Allodi S, Nunes da Fonseca R, Monteiro de Barros C. Adrenoreceptor phylogeny and novel functions of nitric oxide in ascidian immune cells. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 203:108057. [PMID: 38176675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a simple molecule involved in many biological processes and functions in the cardiovascular, neural, and immune systems. In recent years, NO has also been recognized as a crucial messenger in communication between the nervous and immune systems. Together with NO, catecholamines are the main group of neurotransmitters involved in cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems. Catecholamines such as noradrenaline, can act on immune cells through adrenoreceptors (ARs) present on the cell surface, and NO can cross the cell membrane and interact with secondary messengers, modulating catecholamine production. Here, we analyzed the mutual modulation by noradrenaline and NO in Phallusia nigra immune cells for specific subtypes of ARs. We also investigated the involvement of protein kinases A and C as secondary messengers to these specific subtypes of ARs in the adrenergic signaling pathway that culminates in NO modulation, and the phylogenetic distribution of ARs in deuterostome genomes. This analysis provided evidence for single-copy orthologs of α1, α2 and β-AR in ascidian genomes, suggesting that NO and NA act on a less diverse set of ARs in urochordates. Pharmacological assays showed that high levels of NO can induce ascidian immune cells to produce catecholamines. We also observed that protein kinases A and C are the secondary messengers involved in downstream modulation of NO production through an ancestral β-AR. Taken together, these results provide new information on NO as a modulator of immune cells, and reveal the molecules involved in the signaling pathway of ARs. The results also indicate that ARs may participate in NO modulation. Finally, our results suggest that the common ancestor of urochordates possessed a less complex system of ARs required for immune action and diverse pharmacological responses, since the α-ARs are phylogenetically more related to D1-receptors than are the β-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Abreu Mello
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Taynan Motta Portal
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvana Allodi
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade- NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Monteiro de Barros
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
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Waknitz M, Berg Luecke L, Mesidor R, Wojtkiewicz M, Castro C, Gundry RL. The GENTIL Method for Isolation of Human Adult Cardiomyocytes from Cryopreserved Tissue for Proteomic Analyses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2735:145-167. [PMID: 38038848 PMCID: PMC11232436 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3527-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious clinical and economic health care problem, and its clinical progression is linked to pathological cardiac remodeling. Due to the heterogeneity of heart failure, lack of animal models to accurately represent advanced heart failure, and limited access to fresh human cardiac tissue, little is known regarding cell-type-specific mechanisms and context-specific functions of cardiomyocytes during disease development processes. While mass spectrometry has been increasingly applied to unravel changes in the proteome associated with cardiovascular physiology and disease, most studies have used homogenized tissue. Therefore, new studies using isolated cardiomyocytes are necessary to gain a better understanding of the intricate cell-type-specific molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of heart failure. This chapter describes the GENTIL method, which incorporates recent technological developments in sample handling, for isolation of cardiomyocytes from cryopreserved human cardiac tissues for use in proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Waknitz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Linda Berg Luecke
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Roneldine Mesidor
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chase Castro
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Sirbu C. The Role of Endogenous Opioids in Cardioprotection. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:381-395. [PMID: 38874733 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The opioid system involves opioid receptors (OPRs) and endogenous opioid peptides.This chapter will focus on the distribution of OPRs in the cardiovascular system, the expression pattern in the heart, the activation by opioid peptides, and the effects of OPRs activation with potential relevance in cardiovascular performance. In the heart, OPRs are co-expressed with beta adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, functionally cross-talk with β-Ars and modify catecholamine-induced effects. They are involved in cardiac contractility, energy metabolism, myocyte survival or death, vascular resistance. The effects of the opioid system in the regulation of systemic circulation at both the central and peripheral level are presented. The pathways are discussed under physiological (i.e., aging) and pathological conditions (atherosclerosis, heart failure, essential hypertension, ischemic stress). Stimulation of OPRs not only inhibits cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, but also protects the heart against hypoxic and ischemic injury. An enhanced sensitivity to opioids of endocrine organs and neuronal systems is operative in hypertensive patients. The opioid system can be pharmacologically engaged to selectively mimic these responses via cardiac and nervous signaling. The clinical opportunities for the use of cardioprotective effects of opioids require future investigations to provide more specific details of the impact on cardiac performance and electrophysiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sirbu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France
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Two-step structural changes in M3 muscarinic receptor activation rely on the coupled G q protein cycle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1276. [PMID: 36882424 PMCID: PMC9992711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate diverse intracellular signaling pathways through the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. However, the effects of the sequential activation-deactivation cycle of G protein on the conformational changes of GPCRs remains unknown. By developing a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) tool for human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3R), we find that a single-receptor FRET probe can display the consecutive structural conversion of a receptor by G protein cycle. Our results reveal that the G protein activation evokes a two-step change in the hM3R structure, including the fast step mediated by Gq protein binding and the subsequent slower step mediated by the physical separation of the Gαq and Gβγ subunits. We also find that the separated Gαq-GTP forms a stable complex with the ligand-activated hM3R and phospholipase Cβ. In sum, the present study uncovers the real-time conformational dynamics of innate hM3R during the downstream Gq protein cycle.
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Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases as therapeutic targets in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:90-108. [PMID: 36050457 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) modulate the neurohormonal regulation of cardiac function by degrading cAMP and cGMP. In cardiomyocytes, multiple PDE isozymes with different enzymatic properties and subcellular localization regulate local pools of cyclic nucleotides and specific functions. This organization is heavily perturbed during cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF), which can contribute to disease progression. Clinically, PDE inhibition has been considered a promising approach to compensate for the catecholamine desensitization that accompanies HF. Although PDE3 inhibitors, such as milrinone or enoximone, have been used clinically to improve systolic function and alleviate the symptoms of acute HF, their chronic use has proved to be detrimental. Other PDEs, such as PDE1, PDE2, PDE4, PDE5, PDE9 and PDE10, have emerged as new potential targets to treat HF, each having a unique role in local cyclic nucleotide signalling pathways. In this Review, we describe cAMP and cGMP signalling in cardiomyocytes and present the various PDE families expressed in the heart as well as their modifications in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and HF. We also appraise the evidence from preclinical models as well as clinical data pointing to the use of inhibitors or activators of specific PDEs that could have therapeutic potential in HF.
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Xu S, Yu W, Zhang X, Wang W, Wang X. The regulatory role of Gnao1 protein in diabetic encephalopathy in KK-Ay mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Brain Res 2022; 1792:148012. [PMID: 35839930 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the regulation and functional role of Gnao1 in the brain of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) in various animal models. RESULTS Data from the biochemical and behavioral studies showed that DE models were successful induced in streptozotocin treatment animals and KK-Ay mice. Gnao1 was down regulated in the brain tissues of these two diabetes animal models with significant cognition deficiency. It suggested that the changes in DE are also related to dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study also showed that the expression of adrenergic α2 receptor (Adr-α2R), the upstream protein of Gnao1, was decreased in DE animal models. Furthermore, many downstream proteins of Gnao1 also altered, among which cAMP and PKA proteins were increased, CREB and BDNF proteins were decreased both in animal models and in the cell levels. In addition, Gnao1 silencing leads to the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decreased proliferation in cultured primary astrocytes, which means that the deficiency of Gnao1 might not be benefit for DE. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated the importance of Gnao1 in DE and suggested Gnao1 as a novel marker and a promising therapeutic target for DE and dementia in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Wei W, Smrcka AV. Subcellular β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Cardiac Physiology and Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:334-341. [PMID: 35881897 PMCID: PMC9452480 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adrenergic receptors are critical regulators of cardiac function with profound effects on cardiac output during sympathetic stimulation. Chronic stimulation of the adrenergic system of the heart under conditions of cardiac stress leads to cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and ultimately failure. Emerging data have revealed that G protein-coupled receptors in intracellular compartments are functionally active and regulate distinct cellular processes from those at the cell surface. β2 adrenergic receptors internalize onto endosomes in various cell types where they have recently been shown to continue to stimulate cAMP production to selectively regulate gene expression. Other studies have identified β1 adrenergic receptors at the nuclear envelope and the Golgi apparatus. Here, we discuss data on signaling by β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors in the heart and the possible influence of their subcellular locations on their divergent physiological functions in cardiac myocytes and in cardiac pathology. Understanding the relative roles of these receptors at these locations could have a significant impact on pharmacological targeting of these receptors for the treatment of heart failure and cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Li N, Shan S, Li XQ, Chen TT, Qi M, Zhang SN, Wang ZY, Zhang LL, Wei W, Sun WY. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 as Novel Therapeutic Target in Fibrotic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:822345. [PMID: 35111168 PMCID: PMC8801426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.822345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), an important subtype of GRKs, specifically phosphorylates agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Besides, current research confirms that it participates in multiple regulation of diverse cells via a non-phosphorylated pathway, including interacting with various non-receptor substrates and binding partners. Fibrosis is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in the repair process of many tissues due to various pathogenic factors such as inflammation, injury, drugs, etc. The characteristics of fibrosis are the activation of fibroblasts leading to myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation, subsequent aggerate excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Then, a positive feedback loop is occurred between tissue stiffness caused by ECM and fibroblasts, ultimately resulting in distortion of organ architecture and function. At present, GRK2, which has been described as a multifunctional protein, regulates copious signaling pathways under pathophysiological conditions correlated with fibrotic diseases. Along with GRK2-mediated regulation, there are diverse effects on the growth and apoptosis of different cells, inflammatory response and deposition of ECM, which are essential in organ fibrosis progression. This review is to highlight the relationship between GRK2 and fibrotic diseases based on recent research. It is becoming more convincing that GRK2 could be considered as a potential therapeutic target in many fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Qi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
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Ehlen JC, Forman CM, Ostrowski D, Ostrowski TD. Autonomic Dysfunction Impairs Baroreflex Function in an Alzheimer's Disease Animal Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1449-1464. [PMID: 36278348 PMCID: PMC9742304 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients frequently present with orthostatic hypotension. This inability to reflexively increase blood pressure on standing is a serious health concern and increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE Since there are no clear mechanisms for orthostatic hypotension in human AD, the present study assessed the autonomic changes that could explain this comorbidity in an AD animal model. METHODS We used the established streptozotocin-induced rat model of AD (STZ-AD), which mimics many hallmark symptoms of sporadic AD in humans. Baroreflex responses were analyzed in anesthetized STZ-AD rats using femoral catheterization for blood pressure and heart rate, and autonomic activity was assessed using specific blockers and splanchnic sympathetic nerve recordings. Expression levels of autonomic receptors at the heart were examined using the western blot technique. RESULTS Baroreflex function in STZ-AD showed a blunted heart rate (HR) response to low blood pressure challenges, and the maximal sympathetic nerve activity was reduced. Conversely, HR responses to high blood pressure were similar to control, indicating no change in parasympathetic nerve activity. Under resting conditions, autonomic blockade demonstrated a baseline shift to increased sympathetic tone in STZ-AD. Protein expression levels of beta-1 adrenergic receptor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 in the heart were unchanged. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first data on the pathological influence of AD on baroreflex function, which primarily affected the sympathetic nervous system in STZ-AD. These results represent the first mechanisms that may correlate with the orthostatic hypotension in human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Ehlen
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Tim D. Ostrowski
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA
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Agarwal SR, Sherpa RT, Moshal KS, Harvey RD. Compartmentalized cAMP signaling in cardiac ventricular myocytes. Cell Signal 2022; 89:110172. [PMID: 34687901 PMCID: PMC8602782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of different receptors that act by generating the common second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can elicit distinct functional responses in cardiac myocytes. Selectively sequestering cAMP activity to discrete intracellular microdomains is considered essential for generating receptor-specific responses. The processes that control this aspect of compartmentalized cAMP signaling, however, are not completely clear. Over the years, technological innovations have provided critical breakthroughs in advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cAMP compartmentation. Some of the factors identified include localized production of cAMP by differential distribution of receptors, localized breakdown of this second messenger by targeted distribution of phosphodiesterase enzymes, and limited diffusion of cAMP by protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent buffering or physically restricted barriers. The aim of this review is to provide a discussion of our current knowledge and highlight some of the gaps that still exist in the field of cAMP compartmentation in cardiac myocytes.
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Cholesterol-dependent endocytosis of GPCRs: implications in pathophysiology and therapeutics. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1007-1017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Vaiciuleviciute R, Bironaite D, Uzieliene I, Mobasheri A, Bernotiene E. Cardiovascular Drugs and Osteoarthritis: Effects of Targeting Ion Channels. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102572. [PMID: 34685552 PMCID: PMC8534048 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) share many similar features, including similar risk factors and molecular mechanisms. A great number of cardiovascular drugs act via different ion channels and change ion balance, thus modulating cell metabolism, osmotic responses, turnover of cartilage extracellular matrix and inflammation. These drugs are consumed by patients with CVD for many years; however, information about their effects on the joint tissues has not been fully clarified. Nevertheless, it is becoming increasingly likely that different cardiovascular drugs may have an impact on articular tissues in OA. Here, we discuss the potential effects of direct and indirect ion channel modulating drugs, including inhibitors of voltage gated calcium and sodium channels, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, β-adrenoreceptor inhibitors and angiotensin-aldosterone system affecting drugs. The aim of this review was to summarize the information about activities of cardiovascular drugs on cartilage and subchondral bone and to discuss their possible consequences on the progression of OA, focusing on the modulation of ion channels in chondrocytes and other joint cells, pain control and regulation of inflammation. The implication of cardiovascular drug consumption in aetiopathogenesis of OA should be considered when prescribing ion channel modulators, particularly in long-term therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raminta Vaiciuleviciute
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.V.); (D.B.); (I.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.V.); (D.B.); (I.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.V.); (D.B.); (I.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.V.); (D.B.); (I.U.); (A.M.)
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.V.); (D.B.); (I.U.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Harvey RD, Clancy CE. Mechanisms of cAMP compartmentation in cardiac myocytes: experimental and computational approaches to understanding. J Physiol 2021; 599:4527-4544. [PMID: 34510451 DOI: 10.1113/jp280801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The small diffusible second messenger 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is found in virtually every cell in our bodies, where it mediates responses to a variety of different G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In the heart, cAMP plays a critical role in regulating many different aspects of cardiac myocyte function, including gene transcription, cell metabolism, and excitation-contraction coupling. Yet, not all GPCRs that stimulate cAMP production elicit the same responses. Subcellular compartmentation of cAMP is essential to explain how different receptors can utilize the same diffusible second messenger to elicit unique functional responses. However, the mechanisms contributing to this behaviour and its significance in producing physiological and pathological responses are incompletely understood. Mathematical modelling has played an essential role in gaining insight into these questions. This review discusses what we currently know about cAMP compartmentation in cardiac myocytes and questions that are yet to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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15
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Mi X, Ding WG, Toyoda F, Kojima A, Omatsu-Kanbe M, Matsuura H. Selective activation of adrenoceptors potentiates I Ks current in pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes through the protein kinase A and C signaling pathways. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 161:86-97. [PMID: 34375616 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) is a key contributor to repolarization of action potentials. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the adrenoceptor-induced potentiation of IKs in pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes (PVC). PVC were isolated from guinea pig pulmonary vein. The action potentials and IKs current were recorded using perforated and conventional whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The expression of IKs was examined using immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. KCNQ1, a IKs pore-forming protein was detected as a signal band approximately 100 kDa in size, and its immunofluorescence signal was found to be mainly localized on the cell membrane. The IKs current in PVC was markedly enhanced by both β1- and β2-adrenoceptor stimulation with a negative voltage shift in the current activation, although the potentiation was more effectively induced by β2-adrenoceptor stimulation than β1-adrenoceptor stimulation. Both β-adrenoceptor-mediated increases in IKs were attenuated by treatment with the adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. Furthermore, the IKs current was increased by α1-adrenoceptor agonist but attenuated by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. PVC exhibited action potentials in normal Tyrode solution which was slightly reduced by HMR-1556 a selective IKs blocker. However, HMR-1556 markedly reduced the β-adrenoceptor-potentiated firing rate. The stimulatory effects of β- and α1-adrenoceptor on IKs in PVC are mediated via the PKA and PKC signal pathways. HMR-1556 effectively reduced the firing rate under β-adrenoceptor activation, suggesting that the functional role of IKs might increase during sympathetic excitation under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Mi
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Wei-Guang Ding
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Futoshi Toyoda
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akiko Kojima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mariko Omatsu-Kanbe
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuura
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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16
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Xu X, Kaindl J, Clark MJ, Hübner H, Hirata K, Sunahara RK, Gmeiner P, Kobilka BK, Liu X. Binding pathway determines norepinephrine selectivity for the human β 1AR over β 2AR. Cell Res 2021; 31:569-579. [PMID: 33093660 PMCID: PMC8089101 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta adrenergic receptors (βARs) mediate physiologic responses to the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine released by the sympathetic nervous system. While the hormone epinephrine binds β1AR and β2AR with similar affinity, the smaller neurotransmitter norepinephrine is approximately tenfold selective for the β1AR. To understand the structural basis for this physiologically important selectivity, we solved the crystal structures of the human β1AR bound to an antagonist carazolol and different agonists including norepinephrine, epinephrine and BI-167107. Structural comparison revealed that the catecholamine-binding pockets are identical between β1AR and β2AR, but the extracellular vestibules have different shapes and electrostatic properties. Metadynamics simulations and mutagenesis studies revealed that these differences influence the path norepinephrine takes to the orthosteric pocket and contribute to the different association rates and thus different affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jonas Kaindl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, Erlangen, 91058 Germany
| | - Mary J. Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, Erlangen, 91058 Germany
| | - Kunio Hirata
- Advanced Photon Technology Division, Research Infrastructure Group, SR Life Science Instrumentation Unit, RIKEN/SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto Sayo-cho Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148 Japan ,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Roger K. Sunahara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, Erlangen, 91058 Germany
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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17
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Chen JJ, Fan Y, Boehning D. Regulation of Dynamic Protein S-Acylation. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:656440. [PMID: 33981723 PMCID: PMC8107437 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.656440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is the reversible addition of fatty acids to the cysteine residues of target proteins. It regulates multiple aspects of protein function, including the localization to membranes, intracellular trafficking, protein interactions, protein stability, and protein conformation. This process is regulated by palmitoyl acyltransferases that have the conserved amino acid sequence DHHC at their active site. Although they have conserved catalytic cores, DHHC enzymes vary in their protein substrate selection, lipid substrate preference, and regulatory mechanisms. Alterations in DHHC enzyme function are associated with many human diseases, including cancers and neurological conditions. The removal of fatty acids from acylated cysteine residues is catalyzed by acyl protein thioesterases. Notably, S-acylation is now known to be a highly dynamic process, and plays crucial roles in signaling transduction in various cell types. In this review, we will explore the recent findings on protein S-acylation, the enzymatic regulation of this process, and discuss examples of dynamic S-acylation.
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18
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Bondar A, Jang W, Sviridova E, Lambert NA. Components of the G s signaling cascade exhibit distinct changes in mobility and membrane domain localization upon β 2 -adrenergic receptor activation. Traffic 2021; 21:324-332. [PMID: 32096320 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The G protein signaling cascade is a key player in cell signaling. Cascade activation leads to a redistribution of its members in various cellular compartments. These changes are likely related to the "second wave" of signaling from endosomes. Here, we set out to determine whether Gs signaling cascade members expressed at very low levels exhibit altered mobility and localize in clathrin-coated structures (CCSs) or caveolae upon activation by β2 -adrenergic receptors (β2 AR). Activated β2 AR showed decreased mobility and sustained accumulation in CCSs but not in caveolae. Arrestin 3 translocated to the plasma membrane after β2 AR activation and showed very low mobility and pronounced accumulation in CCSs. In contrast, Gαs and Gγ2 exhibited a modest reduction in mobility but no detectable accumulation in or exclusion from CCSs or caveolae. The effector adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5) showed a slight mobility increase upon β2 AR stimulation, no redistribution to CCSs, and weak activation-independent accumulation in caveolae. Our findings show an overall decrease in the mobility of most activated Gs signaling cascade members and confirm that β2 AR and arrestin 3 accumulate in CCSs, while Gαs , Gγ2 and AC5 can transiently enter CCSs and caveolae but do not accumulate in and are not excluded from these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bondar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
| | - Wonjo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ekaterina Sviridova
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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19
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Turner MJ, Abbott-Banner K, Thomas DY, Hanrahan JW. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutic interventions for cystic fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107826. [PMID: 33662448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung disease results from mutations in the CFTR anion channel that reduce anion and fluid secretion by airway epithelia. Impaired secretion compromises airway innate defence mechanisms and leads to bacterial colonization, excessive inflammation and tissue damage; thus, restoration of CFTR function is the goal of many CF therapies. CFTR channels are activated by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. The second messengers 3'5'-cAMP and 3'5'-cGMP are hydrolysed by a large family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases that provide subcellular spatial and temporal control of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signalling. Selective inhibition of these enzymes elevates cyclic nucleotide levels, leading to activation of CFTR and other downstream effectors. Here we examine members of the PDE family that are likely to regulate CFTR-dependent ion and fluid secretion in the airways and discuss other actions of PDE inhibitors that can influence cyclic nucleotide-regulated mucociliary transport, inflammation and bronchodilation. Finally, we review PDE inhibitors and the potential benefits they could provide as CF therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Turner
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - David Y Thomas
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Zhu J, Steinberg SF. β 1-adrenergic receptor N-terminal cleavage by ADAM17; the mechanism for redox-dependent downregulation of cardiomyocyte β 1-adrenergic receptors. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:70-79. [PMID: 33556394 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β1-adrenergic receptors (β1ARs) are the principle mediators of catecholamine action in cardiomyocytes. We previously showed that the β1AR extracellular N-terminus is a target for post-translational modifications that impact on signaling responses. Specifically, we showed that the β1AR N-terminus carries O-glycan modifications at Ser37/Ser41, that O-glycosylation prevents β1AR N-terminal cleavage, and that N-terminal truncation influences β1AR signaling to downstream effectors. However, the site(s) and mechanism for β1AR N-terminal cleavage in cells was not identified. This study shows that β1ARs are expressed in cardiomyocytes and other cells types as both full-length and N-terminally truncated species and that the truncated β1AR species is formed as a result of an O-glycan regulated N-terminal cleavage by ADAM17 at R31↓L32. We identify Ser41 as the major O-glycosylation site on the β1AR N-terminus and show that an O-glycan modification at Ser41 prevents ADAM17-dependent cleavage of the β1-AR N-terminus at S41↓L42, a second N-terminal cleavage site adjacent to this O-glycan modification (and it attenuates β1-AR N-terminal cleavage at R31↓L32). We previously reported that oxidative stress leads to a decrease in β1AR expression and catecholamine responsiveness in cardiomyocytes. This study shows that redox-inactivation of cardiomyocyte β1ARs is via a mechanism involving N-terminal truncation at R31↓L32 by ADAM17. In keeping with the previous observation that N-terminally truncated β1ARs constitutively activate an AKT pathway that affords protection against doxorubicin-dependent apoptosis, overexpression of a cleavage resistant β1AR mutant exacerbates doxorubicin-dependent apoptosis. These studies identify the β1AR N-terminus as a structural determinant of β1AR responses that can be targeted for therapeutic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Susan F Steinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
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21
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Abstract
The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal coding. This realization has changed our understanding of cAMP signaling from a model in which cAMP connects a receptor at the plasma membrane to an intracellular effector in a linear pathway to a model in which cAMP signals propagate within a complex network of alternative branches and the specific functional outcome strictly depends on local regulation of cAMP levels and on selective activation of a limited number of branches within the network. In this review, we cover some of the early studies and summarize more recent evidence supporting the model of compartmentalized cAMP signaling, and we discuss how this knowledge is starting to provide original mechanistic insight into cell physiology and a novel framework for the identification of disease mechanisms that potentially opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: cAMP mediates the intracellular response to multiple hormones and neurotransmitters. Signal fidelity and accurate coordination of a plethora of different cellular functions is achieved via organization of multiprotein signalosomes and cAMP compartmentalization in subcellular nanodomains. Defining the organization and regulation of subcellular cAMP nanocompartments is necessary if we want to understand the complex functional ramifications of pharmacological treatments that target G protein-coupled receptors and for generating a blueprint that can be used to develop precision medicine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zerio
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel J Lobo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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22
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Puddu A, Maggi D. Emerging Role of Caveolin-1 in GLP-1 Action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:668012. [PMID: 33935978 PMCID: PMC8079975 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.668012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone mainly produced in the intestinal epithelial endocrine L cells, involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. The use of GLP-1 analogous and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors is well-established in Type 2 Diabetes. The efficacy of these therapies is related to the activation of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is widely expressed in several tissues. Therefore, GLP-1 is of great clinical interest not only for its actions at the level of the beta cells, but also for the extra-pancreatic effects. Activation of GLP-1R results in intracellular signaling that is regulated by availability of downstream molecules and receptor internalization. It has been shown that GLP-1R co-localizes with caveolin-1, the main component of caveolae, small invagination of the plasma membrane, which are involved in controlling receptor activity by assembling signaling complexes and regulating receptor trafficking. The aim of this review is to outline the important role of caveolin-1 in mediating biological effects of GLP-1 and its analogous.
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23
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Calebiro D, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, Miljus T, O'Brien S. G protein-coupled receptor-G protein interactions: a single-molecule perspective. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:857-906. [PMID: 33331229 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many cellular and physiological processes, responding to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli including hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and light. Decades of biochemical and pharmacological studies have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms of GPCR signaling. Thanks to recent advances in structural biology, we now possess an atomistic understanding of receptor activation and G protein coupling. However, how GPCRs and G proteins interact in living cells to confer signaling efficiency and specificity remains insufficiently understood. The development of advanced optical methods, including single-molecule microscopy, has provided the means to study receptors and G proteins in living cells with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. The results of these studies reveal an unexpected level of complexity, whereby GPCRs undergo transient interactions among themselves as well as with G proteins and structural elements of the plasma membrane to form short-lived signaling nanodomains that likely confer both rapidity and specificity to GPCR signaling. These findings may provide new strategies to pharmaceutically modulate GPCR function, which might eventually pave the way to innovative drugs for common diseases such as diabetes or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Miljus
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Xing G, Woo AYH, Pan L, Lin B, Cheng MS. Recent Advances in β 2-Agonists for Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Heart Failure. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15218-15242. [PMID: 33213146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β2-Adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonists are widely used as bronchodilators. The emerge of ultralong acting β2-agonists is an important breakthrough in pulmonary medicine. In this review, we will provide mechanistic insights into the application of β2-agonists in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure (HF). Recent studies in β-AR signal transduction have revealed opposing functions of the β1-AR and the β2-AR on cardiomyocyte survival. Thus, β2-agonists and β-blockers in combination may represent a novel strategy for HF management. Allosteric modulation and biased agonism at the β2-AR also provide a theoretical basis for developing drugs with novel mechanisms of action and pharmacological profiles. Overlap of COPD and HF presents a substantial clinical challenge but also a unique opportunity for evaluation of the cardiovascular safety of β2-agonists. Further basic and clinical research along these lines can help us develop better drugs and innovative strategies for the management of these difficult-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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25
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TASK channels: channelopathies, trafficking, and receptor-mediated inhibition. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:911-922. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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MacDonald EA, Rose RA, Quinn TA. Neurohumoral Control of Sinoatrial Node Activity and Heart Rate: Insight From Experimental Models and Findings From Humans. Front Physiol 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 32194439 PMCID: PMC7063087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial node is perhaps one of the most important tissues in the entire body: it is the natural pacemaker of the heart, making it responsible for initiating each-and-every normal heartbeat. As such, its activity is heavily controlled, allowing heart rate to rapidly adapt to changes in physiological demand. Control of sinoatrial node activity, however, is complex, occurring through the autonomic nervous system and various circulating and locally released factors. In this review we discuss the coupled-clock pacemaker system and how its manipulation by neurohumoral signaling alters heart rate, considering the multitude of canonical and non-canonical agents that are known to modulate sinoatrial node activity. For each, we discuss the principal receptors involved and known intracellular signaling and protein targets, highlighting gaps in our knowledge and understanding from experimental models and human studies that represent areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh A. MacDonald
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robert A. Rose
- Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T. Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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27
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Membrane cholesterol oxidation downregulates atrial β-adrenergic responses in ROS-dependent manner. Cell Signal 2020; 67:109503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Zuniga-Hertz JP, Patel HH. The Evolution of Cholesterol-Rich Membrane in Oxygen Adaption: The Respiratory System as a Model. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1340. [PMID: 31736773 PMCID: PMC6828933 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in atmospheric oxygen levels imposed significant environmental pressure on primitive organisms concerning intracellular oxygen concentration management. Evidence suggests the rise of cholesterol, a key molecule for cellular membrane organization, as a cellular strategy to restrain free oxygen diffusion under the new environmental conditions. During evolution and the increase in organismal complexity, cholesterol played a pivotal role in the establishment of novel and more complex functions associated with lipid membranes. Of these, caveolae, cholesterol-rich membrane domains, are signaling hubs that regulate important in situ functions. Evolution resulted in complex respiratory systems and molecular response mechanisms that ensure responses to critical events such as hypoxia facilitated oxygen diffusion and transport in complex organisms. Caveolae have been structurally and functionally associated with respiratory systems and oxygen diffusion control through their relationship with molecular response systems like hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), and particularly as a membrane-localized oxygen sensor, controlling oxygen diffusion balanced with cellular physiological requirements. This review will focus on membrane adaptations that contribute to regulating oxygen in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Zuniga-Hertz
- Department of Anesthesiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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29
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Bedioune I, Lefebvre F, Lechêne P, Varin A, Domergue V, Kapiloff MS, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G. PDE4 and mAKAPβ are nodal organizers of β2-ARs nuclear PKA signalling in cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1499-1511. [PMID: 29733383 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) produce different acute contractile effects on the heart partly because they impact on different cytosolic pools of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). They also exert different effects on gene expression but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms by which β1- and β2-ARs regulate nuclear PKA activity in cardiomyocytes. Methods and results We used cytoplasmic and nuclear targeted biosensors to examine cAMP signals and PKA activity in adult rat ventricular myocytes upon selective β1- or β2-ARs stimulation. Both β1- and β2-AR stimulation increased cAMP and activated PKA in the cytoplasm. Although the two receptors also increased cAMP in the nucleus, only β1-ARs increased nuclear PKA activity and up-regulated the PKA target gene and pro-apoptotic factor, inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE)4, but not Gi, PDE3, GRK2 nor caveolae disruption disclosed nuclear PKA activation and ICER induction by β2-ARs. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic PKI prevented nuclear PKA activation and ICER induction by β1-ARs, indicating that PKA activation outside the nucleus is required for subsequent nuclear PKA activation and ICER mRNA expression. Cytoplasmic PKI also blocked ICER induction by β2-AR stimulation (with concomitant PDE4 inhibition). However, in this case nuclear PKI decreased ICER up-regulation by only 30%, indicating that other mechanisms are involved. Down-regulation of mAKAPβ partially inhibited nuclear PKA activation upon β1-AR stimulation, and drastically decreased nuclear PKA activation upon β2-AR stimulation in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Conclusions β1- and β2-ARs differentially regulate nuclear PKA activity and ICER expression in cardiomyocytes. PDE4 insulates a mAKAPβ-targeted PKA pool at the nuclear envelope that prevents nuclear PKA activation upon β2-AR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bedioune
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM
| | - Patrick Lechêne
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM
| | - Audrey Varin
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM
| | - Valérie Domergue
- Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMS IPSIT, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Cardiac Signal Transduction and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM.,Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMS IPSIT, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Chen JJ, Marsden AN, Scott CA, Akimzhanov AM, Boehning D. DHHC5 Mediates β-Adrenergic Signaling in Cardiomyocytes by Targeting Gα Proteins. Biophys J 2019; 118:826-835. [PMID: 31547976 PMCID: PMC7036738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational modification that plays an important role in regulating protein localization, trafficking, and stability. Recent studies have shown that some proteins undergo extremely rapid palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycles after cellular stimulation supporting a direct signaling role for this posttranslational modification. Here, we investigated whether β-adrenergic stimulation of cardiomyocytes led to stimulus-dependent palmitoylation of downstream signaling proteins. We found that β-adrenergic stimulation led to rapidly increased Gαs and Gαi palmitoylation. The kinetics of palmitoylation was temporally consistent with the downstream production of cAMP and contractile responses. We identified the plasma membrane-localized palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC5 as an important mediator of the stimulus-dependent palmitoylation in cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of DHHC5 showed that this enzyme is necessary for palmitoylation of Gαs, Gαi, and functional responses downstream of β-adrenergic stimulation. A palmitoylation assay with purified components revealed that Gαs and Gαi are direct substrates of DHHC5. Finally, we provided evidence that the C-terminal tail of DHHC5 can be palmitoylated in response to stimulation and such modification is important for its dynamic localization and function in the plasma membrane. Our results reveal that DHHC5 is a central regulator of signaling downstream of β-adrenergic receptors in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Autumn N Marsden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - C Anthony Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Askar M Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey.
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Abstract
Lipid microenvironments in the plasma membrane are known to influence many signal transduction pathways. Several of those pathways are critical for both the etiology and treatment of depression. Further, several signaling proteins are modified, covalently, by lipids, a process that alters their interface with the microenvironments mentioned above. This review presents a brief discussion of the interface of the above elements as well as a discussion about the participation of lipids and lipid moieties in the action of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Wray
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Chicago, IL, United States; The Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Chicago, IL, United States; The Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, United States; The Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Adrenergic stimulation of adiponectin secretion in visceral mouse adipocytes is blunted in high-fat diet induced obesity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10680. [PMID: 31337827 PMCID: PMC6650418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone adiponectin is secreted by white adipocytes and has been put forward as a key mediator of obesity-linked insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Although adiponectin was discovered two decades ago, the knowledge about the molecular and cellular regulation of its secretion is incomplete. Here we have investigated the adrenergic regulation of adiponectin secretion in primary visceral (gonadal) adipocytes isolated from lean or obese/diabetic mice. We show that visceral adipocyte adiponectin release is triggered by cAMP/catecholamines via signalling pathways involving adrenergic beta-3-receptors (β3ARs) and Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP, isoform 1 (Epac1). The adrenergically stimulated adiponectin secretion is blunted in visceral adipocytes isolated from obese and diabetic mice and our results suggest the existence of a secretory defect. We have previously shown that adiponectin secretion in subcutaneous adipocytes is abolished in the obese/diabetic state due to reduced abundance of β3ARs and Epac1. However, here we show that protein levels of β3ARs and Epac1 are maintained in visceral adipocytes from obese/diabetic mice proposing that other molecular defects underlie the blunted adiponectin release. Gene expression analysis indicate diabesity-associated disturbances of the signalling downstream of Epac1 and/or the exocytotic process itself. Our study proposes that visceral adipocytes partake in the regulated secretion of adiponectin and may thus influence circulating levels of the hormone, in health and in metabolic disease.
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Nguyen AH, Marsh P, Schmiess-Heine L, Burke PJ, Lee A, Lee J, Cao H. Cardiac tissue engineering: state-of-the-art methods and outlook. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:57. [PMID: 31297148 PMCID: PMC6599291 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to assess the state-of-the-art fabrication methods, advances in genome editing, and the use of machine learning to shape the prospective growth in cardiac tissue engineering. Those interdisciplinary emerging innovations would move forward basic research in this field and their clinical applications. The long-entrenched challenges in this field could be addressed by novel 3-dimensional (3D) scaffold substrates for cardiomyocyte (CM) growth and maturation. Stem cell-based therapy through genome editing techniques can repair gene mutation, control better maturation of CMs or even reveal its molecular clock. Finally, machine learning and precision control for improvements of the construct fabrication process and optimization in tissue-specific clonal selections with an outlook of cardiac tissue engineering are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H. Nguyen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Paul Marsh
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Lauren Schmiess-Heine
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Peter J. Burke
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Abraham Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - Hung Cao
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Local membrane charge regulates β 2 adrenergic receptor coupling to G i3. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2234. [PMID: 31110175 PMCID: PMC6527575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signals through both Gs and Gi in cardiac myocytes, and the Gi pathway counteracts the Gs pathway. However, Gi coupling is much less efficient than Gs coupling in most cell-based and biochemical assays, making it difficult to study β2AR−Gi interactions. Here we investigate the role of phospholipid composition on Gs and Gi coupling. While negatively charged phospholipids are known to enhance agonist affinity and stabilize an active state of the β2AR, we find that they impair coupling to Gi3 and facilitate coupling to Gs. Positively charged Ca2+ and Mg2+, known to interact with the negative charge on phospholipids, facilitates Gi3 coupling. Mutational analysis suggests that Ca2+ coordinates an interaction between phospholipid and the negatively charged EDGE motif on the amino terminal helix of Gi3. Taken together, our observations suggest that local membrane charge modulates the interaction between β2AR and competing G protein subtypes. In the healthy heart, the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signals through Gs and Gi proteins but the mechanism underlying G protein selectivity is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that membrane charge and intracellular cations modulate the β2AR−Gi3 interaction.
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Yang HQ, Wang LP, Gong YY, Fan XX, Zhu SY, Wang XT, Wang YP, Li LL, Xing X, Liu XX, Ji GS, Hou T, Zhang Y, Xiao RP, Wang SQ. β
2
-Adrenergic Stimulation Compartmentalizes β
1
Signaling Into Nanoscale Local Domains by Targeting the C-Terminus of β
1
-Adrenoceptors. Circ Res 2019; 124:1350-1359. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qian Yang
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Li-Peng Wang
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Yun-Yun Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, and School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China (Y.-Y.G)
| | - Xue-Xin Fan
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Si-Yu Zhu
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Xiao-Ting Wang
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Yu-Pu Wang
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Xin Xing
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Guang-Shen Ji
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - TingTing Hou
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
| | - Shi-Qiang Wang
- From the State Key Lab of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.-Q.Y., L.-P.W., X.-X.F., S.-Y.Z., X.-T.W., Y.-P.W., L.-L.L., X.X., X.-X.L., G.-S.J., T.T.H., Y.Z., R.-P.X., S.-Q.W.)
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Cosson MV, Hiis HG, Moltzau LR, Levy FO, Krobert KA. Knockout of adenylyl cyclase isoform 5 or 6 differentially modifies the β 1-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 131:132-145. [PMID: 31009605 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although only β2-adrenergic receptors (βAR) dually couple with stimulatory G protein (Gs) and inhibitory G protein (Gi), inactivation of Gi enhances both β1AR and β2AR responsiveness. We hypothesize that Gi restrains spontaneous adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity independent of receptor activation. Subcellular localization of the AC5/6 subtypes varies contributing to the compartmentation of βAR signaling. The primary objectives were to determine: (1) if β1AR-mediated inotropic responses were dependent upon either AC5 or AC6; (2) if intrinsic Gi inhibition is AC subtype selective and (3) the role of phosphodiesterases (PDE) 3/4 to regulate β1AR responsiveness. β1AR-mediated increases in contractile force and cAMP accumulation in cardiomyocytes were measured from wild type, AC5 and AC6 knockout (KO) mice, with or without pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment to inactivate Gi and/or after selective inhibition of PDEs 3/4. Noradrenaline potency at β1ARs was increased in AC6 KO. PDE4 inhibition increased noradrenaline potency in wild type and AC5 KO, but not AC6 KO. PTX increased noradrenaline potency only in wild type but increased the maximal β1AR response in all mouse strains. PDE3 inhibition increased noradrenaline potency only in AC5 KO that was treated prior with PTX. β1AR-evoked cAMP accumulation was increased more by PDE4 inhibition than PDE3 inhibition in wild type and AC5 KO that was amplified by Gi inhibition. These data indicate that β1AR-mediated inotropic responses are not dependent upon either AC5 or AC6 alone. Inactivation of Gi enhanced β1AR-mediated inotropic responses despite not coupling to Gi, consistent with Gi exerting a tonic receptor independent inhibition upon AC5/6. PDE4 seems the primary regulator of β1AR signaling through AC6 in wild type. AC6 KO results in a reorganization of β1AR compartmentation characterized by signaling through AC5 regulated by Gi, PDE3 and PDE4 that maintains normal contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Victoire Cosson
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Halvard Gautefall Hiis
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Román Moltzau
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kurt Allen Krobert
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Finan A, Demion M, Sicard P, Guisiano M, Bideaux P, Monceaux K, Thireau J, Richard S. Prolonged elevated levels of c-kit+ progenitor cells after a myocardial infarction by beta 2 adrenergic receptor priming. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18283-18296. [PMID: 30912139 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous progenitor cells may participate in cardiac repair after a myocardial infarction (MI). The beta 2 adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR) pathway induces proliferation of c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) in vitro. We investigated if ß2-AR pharmacological stimulation could ameliorate endogenous CPC-mediated regeneration after a MI. C-kit+ CPC ß1-AR and ß2-AR expression was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. A significant increase in the percentage of CPCs expressing ß1-AR and ß2-AR was measured 7 days post-MI. Accordingly, 24 hrs of low serum and hypoxia in vitro significantly increased CPC ß2-AR expression. Cell viability and differentiation assays validated a functional role of CPC ß2-AR. The effect of pharmacological activation of ß2-AR was studied in C57 mice using fenoterol administered in the drinking water 1 week before MI or sham surgery or at the time of the surgery. MI induced a significant increase in the percentage of c-kit+ progenitor cells at 7 days, whereas pretreatment with fenoterol prolonged this response resulting in a significant elevated number of CPC up to 21 days post-MI. This increased number of CPC correlated with a decrease in infarct size. The immunofluorescence analysis of the heart tissue for proliferation, apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, cardiomyocytes surface area, and vessel density showed significant changes on the basis of surgery but no benefit due to fenoterol treatment. Cardiac function was not ameliorated by fenoterol administration when evaluated by echocardiography. Our results suggest that ß2-AR stimulation may improve the cardiac repair process by supporting an endogenous progenitor cell response but is not sufficient to improve the cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Finan
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Demion
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Guisiano
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Bideaux
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin Monceaux
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Thireau
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Odnoshivkina UG, Sytchev VI, Starostin O, Petrov AM. Brain cholesterol metabolite 24-hydroxycholesterol modulates inotropic responses to β-adrenoceptor stimulation: The role of NO and phosphodiesterase. Life Sci 2019; 220:117-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lang D, Glukhov AV. Functional Microdomains in Heart's Pacemaker: A Step Beyond Classical Electrophysiology and Remodeling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1686. [PMID: 30538641 PMCID: PMC6277479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous beating of the sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the heart, is initiated, sustained, and regulated by a complex system that integrates ion channels and transporters on the cell membrane surface (often referred to as "membrane clock") with subcellular calcium handling machinery (by parity of reasoning referred to as an intracellular "Ca2+ clock"). Stable, rhythmic beating of the SAN is ensured by a rigorous synchronization between these two clocks highlighted in the coupled-clock system concept of SAN timekeeping. The emerging results demonstrate that such synchronization of the complex pacemaking machinery at the cellular level depends on tightly regulated spatiotemporal signals which are restricted to precise sub-cellular microdomains and associated with discrete clusters of different ion channels, transporters, and regulatory receptors. It has recently become evident that within the microdomains, various proteins form an interacting network and work together as a part of a macromolecular signaling complex. These protein-protein interactions are tightly controlled and regulated by a variety of neurohormonal signaling pathways and the diversity of cellular responses achieved with a limited pool of second messengers is made possible through the organization of essential signal components in particular microdomains. In this review, we highlight the emerging understanding of the functionality of distinct subcellular microdomains in SAN myocytes and their functional role in the accumulation and neurohormonal regulation of proteins involved in cardiac pacemaking. We also demonstrate how changes in scaffolding proteins may lead to microdomain-targeted remodeling and regulation of pacemaker proteins contributing to SAN dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Senese NB, Rasenick MM, Traynor JR. The Role of G-proteins and G-protein Regulating Proteins in Depressive Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1289. [PMID: 30483131 PMCID: PMC6244039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress toward new antidepressant therapies has been relatively slow over the past few decades, with the result that individuals suffering from depression often struggle to find an effective treatment – a process often requiring months. Furthermore, the neural factors that contribute to depression remain poorly understood, and there are many open questions regarding the mechanism of action of existing antidepressants. A better understanding of the molecular processes that underlie depression and contribute to antidepressant efficacy is therefore badly needed. In this review we highlight research investigating the role of G-proteins and the regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins, two protein families that are intimately involved in both the genesis of depressive states and the action of antidepressant drugs. Many antidepressants are known to indirectly affect the function of these proteins. Conversely, dysfunction of the G-protein and RGS systems can affect antidepressant efficacy. However, a great deal remains unknown about how these proteins interact with antidepressants. Findings pertinent to each individual G-protein and RGS protein are summarized from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas B Senese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John R Traynor
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Vinogradova TM, Kobrinsky E, Lakatta EG. Dual Activation of Phosphodiesterases 3 and 4 Regulates Basal Spontaneous Beating Rate of Cardiac Pacemaker Cells: Role of Compartmentalization? Front Physiol 2018; 9:1301. [PMID: 30356755 PMCID: PMC6189467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous firing of sinoatrial (SA) node cells (SANCs) is regulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated, protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent (cAMP/PKA) local subsarcolemmal Ca2+ releases (LCRs) from ryanodine receptors (RyR). The LCRs occur during diastolic depolarization (DD) and activate an inward Na+/Ca2+ exchange current that accelerates the DD rate prompting the next action potential (AP). Basal phosphodiesterases (PDEs) activation degrades cAMP, reduces basal cAMP/PKA-dependent phosphorylation, and suppresses normal spontaneous firing of SANCs. The cAMP-degrading PDE1, PDE3, and PDE4 represent major PDE activities in rabbit SANC, and PDE inhibition by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) increases spontaneous firing of SANC by ∼50%. Though inhibition of single PDE1–PDE4 only moderately increases spontaneous SANC firing, dual PDE3 + PDE4 inhibition produces a synergistic effect hastening the spontaneous SANC beating rate by ∼50%. Here, we describe the expression and distribution of different PDE subtypes within rabbit SANCs, several specific targets (L-type Ca2+ channels and phospholamban) regulated by basal concurrent PDE3 + PDE4 activation, and critical importance of RyR Ca2+ releases for PDE-dependent regulation of spontaneous SANC firing. Colocalization of PDE3 and PDE4 beneath sarcolemma or in striated patterns inside SANCs strongly suggests that PDE-dependent regulation of cAMP/PKA signaling might be executed at the local level; this idea, however, requires further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Evgeny Kobrinsky
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Liu JJ, Hezghia A, Shaikh SR, Cenido JF, Stark RE, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. Regulation of monoamine transporters and receptors by lipid microdomains: implications for depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2165-2179. [PMID: 30022062 PMCID: PMC6135777 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid microdomains ("rafts") are dynamic, nanoscale regions of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, that possess distinctive physicochemical properties including higher order than the surrounding membrane. Lipid microdomain integrity is thought to affect neurotransmitter signaling by regulating membrane-bound protein signaling. Among the proteins potentially affected are monoaminergic receptors and transporters. As dysfunction of monoaminergic neurotransmission is implicated in major depressive disorder and other neuropsychiatric conditions, interactions with lipid microdomains may be of clinical importance. This systematic review evaluates what is known about the molecular relationships of monoamine transporter and receptor regulation to lipid microdomains. The PubMed/MeSH database was searched for original studies published in English through August 2017 concerning relationships between lipid microdomains and serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine transporters and receptors. Fifty-seven publications were identified and assessed. Strong evidence implicates lipid microdomains in the regulation of serotonin and norepinephrine transporters; serotonin 1A, 2A, 3A, and 7A receptors; and dopamine D1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. Results were conflicting or more complex regarding lipid microdomain associations with the dopamine transporter, D2, D3, and D5 receptors; and negative with respect to β1 adrenergic receptors. Indirect evidence suggests that antidepressants, lipid-lowering drugs, and polyunsaturated fatty acids may exert effects on depression and suicide by altering the lipid milieu, thereby affecting monoaminergic transporter and receptor signaling. The lipid composition of membrane subdomains is involved in localization and trafficking of specific monoaminergic receptors and transporters. Elucidating precise mechanisms whereby lipid microdomains modulate monoamine neurotransmission in clinical contexts can have critical implications for pharmacotherapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Chestnut Hill Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adrienne Hezghia
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua F Cenido
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruth E Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Park M, Steinberg SF. Carvedilol Prevents Redox Inactivation of Cardiomyocyte Β 1-Adrenergic Receptors. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:521-532. [PMID: 30175276 PMCID: PMC6116783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism that leads to a decrease in β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) expression in the failing heart remains uncertain. This study shows that cardiomyocyte β1AR expression and isoproterenol responsiveness decrease in response to oxidative stress. Studies of mechanisms show that the redox-dependent decrease in β1AR expression is uniquely prevented by carvedilol and not other βAR ligands. Carvedilol also promotes the accumulation of N-terminally truncated β1ARs that confer protection against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in association with activation of protein kinase B. The redox-induced molecular controls for cardiomyocyte β1ARs and pharmacologic properties of carvedilol identified in this study have important clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Key Words
- AKT
- AKT, protein kinase B
- CREB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate binding response element protein
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- FL, full-length
- GFX, GF109203X
- GRK, G protein–coupled receptor kinase
- HF, heart failure
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PTX, pertussis toxin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cardiomyocytes
- cardioprotection
- oxidant stress
- β1-adrenergic receptor
- βAR, β-adrenergic receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Anwar MA, Samaha AA, Baydoun S, Iratni R, Eid AH. Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) Evokes Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation of Rat Aorta: Involvement of the cAMP and cGMP Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:688. [PMID: 30002626 PMCID: PMC6031713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is widely used in traditional remedies and cuisine of countries of the Mediterranean as well as Central and South-West Asia. Administration of sumac to experimental models and patients with diverse pathological conditions generates multi-faceted propitious effects, including the quality as a vasodilator. Together, the effects are concertedly channeled toward cardiovasobolic protection. However, there is paucity of data on the mechanism of action for sumac’s vasodilatory effect, an attribute which is considered to be advantageous for unhealthy circulatory system. Accordingly, we sought to determine the mechanisms by which sumac elicits its vasorelaxatory effects. We deciphered the signaling networks by application of a range of pharmacological inhibitors, biochemical assays and including the quantification of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates. Herein, we provide evidence that an ethanolic extract of sumac fruit, dose-dependently, relaxes rat isolated aorta. The mechanistic effect is achieved via stimulation of multiple transducers namely PI3-K/Akt, eNOS, NO, guanylyl cyclase, cGMP, and PKG. Interestingly, the arachidonic acid pathway (cyclooxygenases), adenylyl cyclase/cAMP and ATP-dependent potassium channels appear to partake in this sumac-orchestrated attenuation of vascular tone. Clearly, our data support the favorable potential cardio-vasculoprotective action of sumac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali A Samaha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Public Health IV, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa Baydoun
- Research Center for Environment and Development, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kilar CR, Diao Y, Sautina L, Sekharan S, Keinan S, Carpino B, Conrad KP, Mohandas R, Segal MS. Activation of the β-common receptor by erythropoietin impairs acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in mouse mesenteric arterioles. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13751. [PMID: 29939494 PMCID: PMC6016622 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, erythropoietin (EPO) is known to increase systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure. However, EPO stimulates the production of the potent vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO), in culture endothelial cells. The mechanism by which EPO causes vasoconstriction despite stimulating NO production may be dependent on its ability to activate two receptor complexes, the homodimeric EPO (EPOR2 ) and the heterodimeric EPOR/β-common receptor (βCR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of each receptor to the vasoactive properties of EPO. First-order, mesenteric arteries were isolated from 16-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, and arterial function was studied in pressure arteriographs. To determine the contribution of each receptor complex, EPO-stimulating peptide (ESP), which binds and activates the heterodimeric EPOR/βCR complex, and EPO, which activates both receptors, were added to the arteriograph chamber 20 min prior to evaluation of endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine, bradykinin, A23187) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilator responses. Only ACh-induced vasodilation was impaired in arteries pretreated with EPO or ESP. EPO and ESP pretreatment abolished ACh-induced vasodilation by 100% and 60%, respectively. EPO and ESP did not affect endothelium-independent vasodilation by SNP. Additionally, a novel βCR inhibitory peptide (βIP), which was computationally developed, prevented the impairment of acetylcholine-induced vasodilation by EPO and ESP, further implicating the EPOR/βCR complex. Last, pretreatment with either EPO or ESP did not affect vasoconstriction by phenylephrine and KCl. Taken together, these findings suggest that acute activation of the heterodimeric EPOR/βCR in endothelial cells leads to a selective impairment of ACh-mediated vasodilator response in mouse mesenteric resistance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R. Kilar
- Division of NephrologyHypertension, and TransplantationCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - YanPeng Diao
- Division of NephrologyHypertension, and TransplantationCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Larysa Sautina
- Division of NephrologyHypertension, and TransplantationCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Sivakumar Sekharan
- Cloud PharmaceuticalsInc. 6 Davis DrResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
- Present address:
The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre174 Frelinghuysen RoadPiscatawayNew Jersey08854
| | - Shahar Keinan
- Cloud PharmaceuticalsInc. 6 Davis DrResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Bianca Carpino
- Division of NephrologyHypertension, and TransplantationCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Kirk P. Conrad
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Rajesh Mohandas
- Division of NephrologyHypertension, and TransplantationCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health SystemGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Mark S. Segal
- Division of NephrologyHypertension, and TransplantationCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health SystemGainesvilleFlorida
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Singh H, Wray N, Schappi JM, Rasenick MM. Disruption of lipid-raft localized Gα s/tubulin complexes by antidepressants: a unique feature of HDAC6 inhibitors, SSRI and tricyclic compounds. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1481-1491. [PMID: 29463911 PMCID: PMC5983546 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Current antidepressant therapies meet with variable therapeutic success and there is increasing interest in therapeutic approaches not based on monoamine signaling. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which also deacetylates α-tubulin shows altered expression in mood disorders and HDAC6 knockout mice mimic traditional antidepressant treatments. Nonetheless, a mechanistic understanding for HDAC6 inhibitors in the treatment of depression remains elusive. Previously, we have shown that sustained treatment of rats or glioma cells with several antidepressants translocates Gαs from lipid rafts toward increased association with adenylyl cyclase (AC). Concomitant with this is a sustained increase in cAMP production. While Gαs modifies microtubule dynamics, tubulin also acts as an anchor for Gαs in lipid-rafts. Since HDAC-6 inhibitors potentiate α-tubulin acetylation, we hypothesize that acetylation of α-tubulin disrupts tubulin-Gαs raft-anchoring, rendering Gαs free to activate AC. To test this, C6 Glioma (C6) cells were treated with the HDAC-6 inhibitor, tubastatin-A. Chronic treatment with tubastatin-A not only increased α-tubulin acetylation but also translocated Gαs from lipid-rafts, without changing total Gαs. Reciprocally, depletion of α-tubulin acetyl-transferase-1 ablated this phenomenon. While escitalopram and imipramine also disrupt Gαs/tubulin complexes and translocate Gαs from rafts, they evoke no change in tubulin acetylation. Finally, two indicators of downstream cAMP signaling, cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation (pCREB) and expression of brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF) were both elevated by tubastatin-A. These findings suggest HDAC6 inhibitors show a cellular profile resembling traditional antidepressants, but have a distinct mode of action. They also reinforce the validity of antidepressant-induced Gαs translocation from lipid-rafts as a biosignature for antidepressant response that may be useful in the development of new antidepressant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Singh
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Nathan Wray
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Schappi
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Mark M. Rasenick
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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47
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Campostrini G, Bonzanni M, Lissoni A, Bazzini C, Milanesi R, Vezzoli E, Francolini M, Baruscotti M, Bucchi A, Rivolta I, Fantini M, Severi S, Cappato R, Crotti L, J Schwartz P, DiFrancesco D, Barbuti A. The expression of the rare caveolin-3 variant T78M alters cardiac ion channels function and membrane excitability. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1256-1265. [PMID: 28898996 PMCID: PMC5852518 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Caveolinopathies are a family of genetic disorders arising from alterations of the caveolin-3 (cav-3) gene. The T78M cav-3 variant has been associated with both skeletal and cardiac muscle pathologies but its functional contribution, especially to cardiac diseases, is still controversial. Here, we evaluated the effect of the T78M cav-3 variant on cardiac ion channel function and membrane excitability. Methods and results We transfected either the wild type (WT) or T78M cav-3 in caveolin-1 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts and found by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy that both are expressed at the plasma membrane and form caveolae. Two ion channels known to interact and co-immunoprecipitate with the cav-3, hKv1.5 and hHCN4, interact also with T78M cav-3 and reside in lipid rafts. Electrophysiological analysis showed that the T78M cav-3 causes hKv1.5 channels to activate and inactivate at more hyperpolarized potentials and the hHCN4 channels to activate at more depolarized potentials, in a dominant way. In spontaneously beating neonatal cardiomyocytes, the expression of the T78M cav-3 significantly increased action potential peak-to-peak variability without altering neither the mean rate nor the maximum diastolic potential. We also found that in a small cohort of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias, the T78M cav-3 variant is more frequent than in the general population. Finally, in silico analysis of both sinoatrial and atrial cell models confirmed that the T78M-dependent changes are compatible with a pro-arrhythmic effect. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the T78M cav-3 induces complex modifications in ion channel function that ultimately alter membrane excitability. The presence of the T78M cav-3 can thus generate a susceptible substrate that, in concert with other structural alterations and/or genetic mutations, may become arrhythmogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Bonzanni
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Lissoni
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Bazzini
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Milanesi
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Francolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mirko Baruscotti
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata (CIMMBA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bucchi
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- Department of Health Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Matteo Fantini
- Cellular and Molecular Engineering Laboratory 'S. Cavalcanti', Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering 'Guglielmo Marconi', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Severi
- Cellular and Molecular Engineering Laboratory 'S. Cavalcanti', Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering 'Guglielmo Marconi', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cappato
- Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Unit II, Humanitas Gavazzeni Clinics, Bergamo, Italy.,Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Research Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario DiFrancesco
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata (CIMMBA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata (CIMMBA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are classically known for their role in regulating the activity of the largest known class of membrane receptors, which influence diverse biological processes in every cell type in the human body. As researchers have tried to uncover how this family of kinases, containing only 7 members, achieves selective and coordinated control of receptors, they have uncovered a growing number of noncanonical activities for these kinases. These activities include phosphorylation of nonreceptor targets and kinase-independent molecular interactions. In particular, GRK2, GRK3, and GRK5 are the predominant members expressed in the heart. Their canonical and noncanonical actions within cardiac and other tissues have significant implications for cardiovascular function in healthy animals and for the development and progression of disease. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the activity of these kinases, and particularly the role of GRK2 and GRK5 in the molecular alterations that occur during heart failure. This review further highlights areas of GRK regulation that remain poorly understood and how they may represent novel targets for therapeutic development.
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Agarwal SR, Gratwohl J, Cozad M, Yang PC, Clancy CE, Harvey RD. Compartmentalized cAMP Signaling Associated With Lipid Raft and Non-raft Membrane Domains in Adult Ventricular Myocytes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:332. [PMID: 29740315 PMCID: PMC5925456 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Confining cAMP production to discrete subcellular locations makes it possible for this ubiquitous second messenger to elicit unique functional responses. Yet, factors that determine how and where the production of this diffusible signaling molecule occurs are incompletely understood. The fluid mosaic model originally proposed that signal transduction occurs through random interactions between proteins diffusing freely throughout the plasma membrane. However, it is now known that the movement of membrane proteins is restricted, suggesting that the plasma membrane is segregated into distinct microdomains where different signaling proteins can be concentrated. In this study, we examined what role lipid raft and non-raft membrane domains play in compartmentation of cAMP signaling in adult ventricular myocytes. Methods and Results: The freely diffusible fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensor Epac2-camps was used to measure global cytosolic cAMP responses, while versions of the probe targeted to lipid raft (Epac2-MyrPalm) and non-raft (Epac2-CAAX) domains were used to monitor local cAMP production near the plasma membrane. We found that β-adrenergic receptors, which are expressed in lipid raft and non-raft domains, produce cAMP responses near the plasma membrane that are distinctly different from those produced by E-type prostaglandin receptors, which are expressed exclusively in non-raft domains. We also found that there are differences in basal cAMP levels associated with lipid raft and non-raft domains, and that this can be explained by differences in basal adenylyl cyclase activity associated with each of these membrane environments. In addition, we found evidence that phosphodiesterases 2, 3, and 4 work together in regulating cAMP activity associated with both lipid raft and non-raft domains, while phosphodiesterase 3 plays a more prominent role in the bulk cytoplasmic compartment. Conclusion: These results suggest that different membrane domains contribute to the formation of distinct pools of cAMP under basal conditions as well as following receptor stimulation in adult ventricular myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh R Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Jackson Gratwohl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Mia Cozad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Pei-Chi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert D Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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Howie J, Wypijewski KJ, Plain F, Tulloch LB, Fraser NJ, Fuller W. Greasing the wheels or a spanner in the works? Regulation of the cardiac sodium pump by palmitoylation. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:175-191. [PMID: 29424237 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1432560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous sodium/potassium ATPase (Na pump) is the most abundant primary active transporter at the cell surface of multiple cell types, including ventricular myocytes in the heart. The activity of the Na pump establishes transmembrane ion gradients that control numerous events at the cell surface, positioning it as a key regulator of the contractile and metabolic state of the myocardium. Defects in Na pump activity and regulation elevate intracellular Na in cardiac muscle, playing a causal role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias and heart failure. Palmitoylation is the reversible conjugation of the fatty acid palmitate to specific protein cysteine residues; all subunits of the cardiac Na pump are palmitoylated. Palmitoylation of the pump's accessory subunit phospholemman (PLM) by the cell surface palmitoyl acyl transferase DHHC5 leads to pump inhibition, possibly by altering the relationship between the pump catalytic α subunit and specifically bound membrane lipids. In this review, we discuss the functional impact of PLM palmitoylation on the cardiac Na pump and the molecular basis of recognition of PLM by its palmitoylating enzyme DHHC5, as well as effects of palmitoylation on Na pump cell surface abundance in the cardiac muscle. We also highlight the numerous unanswered questions regarding the cellular control of this fundamentally important regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Howie
- a Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | | | - Fiona Plain
- b Molecular and Clinical Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Lindsay B Tulloch
- b Molecular and Clinical Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Niall J Fraser
- b Molecular and Clinical Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - William Fuller
- a Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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