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Shimai R, Hanafusa K, Nakayama H, Oshima E, Kato M, Kano K, Matsuo I, Miyazaki T, Tokano T, Hirabayashi Y, Iwabuchi K, Minamino T. Lysophosphatidylglucoside/GPR55 signaling promotes foam cell formation in human M2c macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12740. [PMID: 37544935 PMCID: PMC10404585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cerebral and cardiovascular diseases. Intravascular plaques, a well-known pathological finding of atherosclerosis, have a necrotic core composed of macrophages and dead cells. Intraplaque macrophages, which are classified into various subtypes, play key roles in maintenance of normal cellular microenvironment. Excessive uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein causes conversion of macrophages to foam cells, and consequent progression/exacerbation of atherosclerosis. G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) signaling has been reported to associate with atherosclerosis progression. We demonstrated recently that lysophosphatidylglucoside (lysoPtdGlc) is a specific ligand of GPR55, although in general physiological ligands of GPR55 are poorly understood. Phosphatidylglucoside is expressed on human monocytes and can be converted to lysoPtdGlc. In the present study, we examined possible involvement of lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling in foam cell formation. In monocyte-derived M2c macrophages, lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling inhibited translocation of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 to plasma membrane, and cholesterol efflux. Such inhibitory effect was reversed by GPR55 antagonist ML193. LysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling in M2c macrophages was involved in excessive lipid accumulation, thereby promoting foam cell formation. Our findings suggest that lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for inhibition of atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shimai
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, 2-5-1 Takasu, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Koki Kano
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokano
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, 2-5-1 Takasu, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
- Preparation Office for Establishment of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Juntendo University, 6-8-1 Hinode , Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0013, Japan.
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Ikonen E, Olkkonen VM. Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041404. [PMID: 37277190 PMCID: PMC10411867 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid species of mammalian cells. Cells acquire it through synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and uptake from lipoprotein particles. Newly synthesized cholesterol is efficiently distributed from the ER to other organelles via lipid-binding/transfer proteins concentrated at membrane contact sites (MCSs) to reach the trans-Golgi network, endosomes, and plasma membrane. Lipoprotein-derived cholesterol is exported from the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments via a combination of vesicle/tubule-mediated membrane transport and transfer through MCSs. In this review, we provide an overview of intracellular cholesterol trafficking pathways, including cholesterol flux from the ER to other membranes, cholesterol uptake from lipoprotein donors and transport from the plasma membrane to the ER, cellular cholesterol efflux to lipoprotein acceptors, as well as lipoprotein cholesterol secretion from enterocytes, hepatocytes, and astrocytes. We also briefly discuss human diseases caused by defects in these processes and therapeutic strategies available in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Palmer MA, Dias IHK, Smart E, Benatzy Y, Haslam IS. Cholesterol homeostasis in hair follicle keratinocytes is disrupted by impaired ABCA5 activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159361. [PMID: 37348644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The importance of cholesterol in hair follicle biology is underscored by its links to the pathogenesis of alopecias and hair growth disorders. Reports have associated defects in ABCA5, a membrane transporter, with altered keratinocyte cholesterol distribution in individuals with a form of congenital hypertrichosis, yet the biological basis for this defect in hair growth remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the impact of altered ABCA5 activity on hair follicle keratinocyte behaviour. Primary keratinocytes isolated from the outer root sheath of plucked human hair follicles were utilised as a relevant cell model. Following exogenous cholesterol loading, an increase in ABCA5 co-localisation to intracellular organelles was seen. Knockdown of ABCA5 revealed a dysregulation in cholesterol homeostasis, with LXR agonism leading to partial restoration of the homeostatic response. Filipin staining and live BODIPY cholesterol immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a reduction in endo-lysosomal cholesterol following ABCA5 knockdown. Analysis of oxysterols showed a significant increase in the fold change of 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7-β-hydroxycholesterol following cholesterol loading in ORS keratinocytes, after ABCA5 knockdown. These data suggest a role for ABCA5 in the intracellular compartmentalisation of free cholesterol in primary hair follicle keratinocytes. The loss of normal homeostatic response, following the delivery of excess cholesterol after ABCA5 knockdown, suggests an impact on LXR-mediated transcriptional activity. The loss of ABCA5 in the hair follicle could lead to impaired endo-lysosomal cholesterol transport, impacting pathways known to influence hair growth. This avenue warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Palmer
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Eleanor Smart
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Yvonne Benatzy
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Iain S Haslam
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
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4
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Steck TL, Lange Y. Is reverse cholesterol transport regulated by active cholesterol? J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100385. [PMID: 37169287 PMCID: PMC10279919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review considers the hypothesis that a small portion of plasma membrane cholesterol regulates reverse cholesterol transport in coordination with overall cellular homeostasis. It appears that almost all of the plasma membrane cholesterol is held in stoichiometric complexes with bilayer phospholipids. The minor fraction of cholesterol that exceeds the complexation capacity of the phospholipids is called active cholesterol. It has an elevated chemical activity and circulates among the organelles. It also moves down its chemical activity gradient to plasma HDL, facilitated by the activity of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI. ABCA1 initiates this process by perturbing the organization of the plasma membrane bilayer, thereby priming its phospholipids for translocation to apoA-I to form nascent HDL. The active excess sterol and that activated by ABCA1 itself follow the phospholipids to the nascent HDL. ABCG1 similarly rearranges the bilayer and sends additional active cholesterol to nascent HDL, while SR-BI simply facilitates the equilibration of the active sterol between plasma membranes and plasma proteins. Active cholesterol also flows downhill to cytoplasmic membranes where it serves both as a feedback signal to homeostatic ER proteins and as the substrate for the synthesis of mitochondrial 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC). 27HC binds the LXR and promotes the expression of the aforementioned transport proteins. 27HC-LXR also activates ABCA1 by competitively displacing its inhibitor, unliganded LXR. § Considerable indirect evidence suggests that active cholesterol serves as both a substrate and a feedback signal for reverse cholesterol transport. Direct tests of this novel hypothesis are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore L Steck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yvonne Lange
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Moskal N, Visanji NP, Gorbenko O, Narasimhan V, Tyrrell H, Nash J, Lewis PN, McQuibban GA. An AI-guided screen identifies probucol as an enhancer of mitophagy through modulation of lipid droplets. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001977. [PMID: 36862640 PMCID: PMC9980794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Failures in mitophagy, a process by which damaged mitochondria are cleared, results in neurodegeneration, while enhancing mitophagy promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Using an artificial intelligence platform, we employed a natural language processing approach to evaluate the semantic similarity of candidate molecules to a set of well-established mitophagy enhancers. Top candidates were screened in a cell-based mitochondrial clearance assay. Probucol, a lipid-lowering drug, was validated across several orthogonal mitophagy assays. In vivo, probucol improved survival, locomotor function, and dopaminergic neuron loss in zebrafish and fly models of mitochondrial damage. Probucol functioned independently of PINK1/Parkin, but its effects on mitophagy and in vivo depended on ABCA1, which negatively regulated mitophagy following mitochondrial damage. Autophagosome and lysosomal markers were elevated by probucol treatment in addition to increased contact between lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria. Conversely, LD expansion, which occurs following mitochondrial damage, was suppressed by probucol and probucol-mediated mitophagy enhancement required LDs. Probucol-mediated LD dynamics changes may prime the cell for a more efficient mitophagic response to mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moskal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Naomi P. Visanji
- Edmund J Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Olena Gorbenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vijay Narasimhan
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital and Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hannah Tyrrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jess Nash
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter N. Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - G. Angus McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
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6
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Clinical Significance of Lipid Transport Function of ABC Transporters in the Innate Immune System. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1083. [PMID: 36363640 PMCID: PMC9698216 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters are a large family of proteins that transport a variety of substrates across cell plasma membranes. Because of this, they are involved in many physiological processes. It is of interest to note that many ABC transporters are involved in the transport of various lipids. In addition, this function may be related to the innate immune system. The evidence that ABC transporters are involved in the regulation of the innate immune system through the transport of various substances greatly enhances the understanding of their clinical significance. ABC transporters are involved in the cellular homeostasis of cholesterol as well as in the regulation of its content in lipid rafts. Through these mechanisms, they can regulate the function of membrane proteins, including receptors of the innate immune system. By regulating lipid transport, some members of ABC transporters are involved in phagocytosis. In addition, ABC transporters are involved in the transport of lipopolysaccharide, lipid mediators of inflammation, and perform other functions in the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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7
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Mimicking natural cholesterol assimilation to elevate the oral delivery of liraglutide for type Ⅱ diabetes therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:653-665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Chen L, Zhao ZW, Zeng PH, Zhou YJ, Yin WJ. Molecular mechanisms for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1121-1139. [PMID: 35192423 PMCID: PMC9103275 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2042777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular cholesterol homeostasis is essential for normal cell function and viability. Excessive cholesterol accumulation is detrimental to cells and serves as the molecular basis of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes mellitus. The peripheral cells do not have the ability to degrade cholesterol. Cholesterol efflux is therefore the only pathway to eliminate excessive cholesterol from these cells. This process is predominantly mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), an integral membrane protein. ABCA1 is known to transfer intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) for generating nascent high-density lipoprotein (nHDL) particles. nHDL can accept more free cholesterol from peripheral cells. Free cholesterol is then converted to cholesteryl ester by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase to form mature HDL. HDL-bound cholesterol enters the liver for biliary secretion and fecal excretion. Although how cholesterol is transported by ABCA1 to apoA-I remains incompletely understood, nine models have been proposed to explain this effect. In this review, we focus on the current view of the mechanisms underlying ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to provide an important framework for future investigation and lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peng-Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,CONTACT Wen-Jun Yin Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, China
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9
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Juhl AD, Wüstner D. Pathways and Mechanisms of Cellular Cholesterol Efflux-Insight From Imaging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834408. [PMID: 35300409 PMCID: PMC8920967 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential molecule in cellular membranes, but too much cholesterol can be toxic. Therefore, mammalian cells have developed complex mechanisms to remove excess cholesterol. In this review article, we discuss what is known about such efflux pathways including a discussion of reverse cholesterol transport and formation of high-density lipoprotein, the function of ABC transporters and other sterol efflux proteins, and we highlight their role in human diseases. Attention is paid to the biophysical principles governing efflux of sterols from cells. We also discuss recent evidence for cholesterol efflux by the release of exosomes, microvesicles, and migrasomes. The role of the endo-lysosomal network, lipophagy, and selected lysosomal transporters, such as Niemann Pick type C proteins in cholesterol export from cells is elucidated. Since oxysterols are important regulators of cellular cholesterol efflux, their formation, trafficking, and secretion are described briefly. In addition to discussing results obtained with traditional biochemical methods, focus is on studies that use established and novel bioimaging approaches to obtain insight into cholesterol efflux pathways, including fluorescence and electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray tomography as well as mass spectrometry imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dupont Juhl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PhyLife, Physical Life Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PhyLife, Physical Life Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Matsuo M. ABCA1 and ABCG1 as potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of atherosclerosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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11
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Casado ME, Huerta L, Marcos-Díaz A, Ortiz AI, Kraemer FB, Lasunción MA, Busto R, Martín-Hidalgo A. Hormone-sensitive lipase deficiency affects the expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux and disturbs fertility in mouse testis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159043. [PMID: 34461308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) hydrolyse acylglycerols, cholesteryl and retinyl esters. HSL is a key lipase in mice testis, as HSL deficiency results in male sterility. The present work study the effects of the deficiency and lack of HSL on the localization and expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in uptake and efflux of cholesterol in mice testis, to determine the impact of HSL gene dosage on testis morphology, lipid homeostasis and fertility. The results of this work show that the lack of HSL in mice alters testis morphology and spermatogenesis, decreasing sperm counts, sperm motility and increasing the amount of Leydig cells and lipid droplets. They also show that there are differences in the localization of HSL, SR-BI, LDLr and ABCA1 in HSL+/+, HSL+/- and HSL-/- mice. The deficiency or lack of HSL has effects on protein and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolisms in mouse testis. HSL-/- testis have augmented expression of SR-BI, LDLr, ABCA1 and LXRβ, a critical sterol sensor that regulate multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism; whereas LDLr expression decreased in HSL+/- mice. Plin2, Abca1 and Ldlr mRNA levels increased; and LXRα (Nr1h3) and LXRβ (Nr1h2) decreased in testis from HSL-/- compared with HSL+/+; with no differences in Scarb1. Together these data suggest that HSL deficiency or lack in mice testis induces lipid homeostasis alterations that affect the cellular localization and expression of key receptors/transporter involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux (SR-BI, LDRr, ABCA1); alters normal cellular function and impact fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Casado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Lydia Huerta
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Díaz
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Ortiz
- Unidad de Cirugía Experimental y Animalario, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Miguel Angel Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Antonia Martín-Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain.
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12
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Butyrylcholinesterase-Protein Interactions in Human Serum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910662. [PMID: 34639003 PMCID: PMC8508650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring various biochemical and cellular components in the blood is a routine procedure in clinical practice. Human serum contains hundreds of diverse proteins secreted from all cells and tissues in healthy and diseased states. Moreover, some serum proteins have specific strong interactions with other blood components, but most interactions are probably weak and transient. One of the serum proteins is butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), an enzyme existing mainly as a glycosylated soluble tetramer that plays an important role in the metabolism of many drugs. Our results suggest that BChE interacts with plasma proteins and forms much larger complexes than predicted from the molecular weight of the BChE tetramer. To investigate and isolate such complexes, we developed a two-step strategy to find specific protein–protein interactions by combining native size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with affinity chromatography with the resin that specifically binds BChE. Second, to confirm protein complexes′ specificity, we fractionated blood serum proteins by density gradient ultracentrifugation followed by co-immunoprecipitation with anti-BChE monoclonal antibodies. The proteins coisolated in complexes with BChE were identified by mass spectroscopy. These binding studies revealed that BChE interacts with a number of proteins in the human serum. Some of these interactions seem to be more stable than transient. BChE copurification with ApoA-I and the density of some fractions containing BChE corresponding to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) during ultracentrifugation suggest its interactions with HDL. Moreover, we observed lower BChE plasma activity in individuals with severely reduced HDL levels (≤20 mg/dL). The presented two-step methodology for determination of the BChE interactions can facilitate further analysis of such complexes, especially from the brain tissue, where BChE could be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.
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13
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Chen Y, Yu F, Zhang Y, Li M, Di M, Chen W, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Traditional Chinese Medication Tongxinluo Attenuates Lipidosis in Ox-LDL-Stimulated Macrophages by Enhancing Beclin-1-Induced Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:673366. [PMID: 34248627 PMCID: PMC8267176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.673366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medication, plays a key role in the formation and progression of plaques in atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells by macrophages accelerates the destabilisation of plaques. In previous research, we had found that TXL significantly inhibits ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in macrophages in vitro by improving the dissociation of the Beclin-1-Bcl-2 complex. Therefore, here, we explored the effect of TXL on lipid metabolism in macrophages and the mechanism involved. To evaluate the role of TXL in atherosclerotic plaques, we construct the atherosclerotic animal model with lentiviral injection and performed immunofluorescence staining analysis in vivo. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and microscopy were performed to elucidate the mechanism underlying TXL-mediated regulation of autophagy in THP-1 macrophages in vitro. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that TXL treatment inhibited lipid deposition in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro TXL treatment inhibited lipid deposition in THP-1 macrophages by enhancing autophagy via Beclin-1. TXL reversed the high expression of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) induced by ox-LDL (p < 0.05). Compared with the TXL + ox-LDL group, TXL failed to promote intracellular lipid droplet decomposition after the addition of the histone deacetylase agonist. We found that TXL attenuates the accumulation of lipids in macrophage by enhancing Beclin-1-induced autophagy, and additionally, it inhibits the inhibitory effect of class I HDAC on the expression of Beclin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangpu Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingxue Di
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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Mota AC, Dominguez M, Weigert A, Snodgrass RG, Namgaladze D, Brüne B. Lysosome-Dependent LXR and PPARδ Activation Upon Efferocytosis in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637778. [PMID: 34025647 PMCID: PMC8137840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis is critical for tissue homeostasis, as its deregulation is associated with several autoimmune pathologies. While engulfing apoptotic cells, phagocytes activate transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) or liver X receptors (LXR) that orchestrate metabolic, phagocytic, and inflammatory responses towards the ingested material. Coordination of these transcription factors in efferocytotic human macrophages is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of macrophages following the uptake of apoptotic Jurkat T cells using RNA-seq analysis. Results indicated upregulation of PPAR and LXR pathways but downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) target genes. Pharmacological inhibition and RNA interference pointed to LXR and PPARδ as relevant transcriptional regulators, while PPARγ did not substantially contribute to gene regulation. Mechanistically, lysosomal digestion and lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) were required for PPAR and LXR activation, while PPARδ activation also demanded an active lysosomal phospholipase A2 (PLA2G15). Pharmacological interference with LXR signaling attenuated ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux from efferocytotic macrophages, but suppression of inflammatory responses following efferocytosis occurred independently of LXR and PPARδ. These data provide mechanistic details on LXR and PPARδ activation in efferocytotic human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Mota
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Monica Dominguez
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ryan G Snodgrass
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Kotlyarov S. Participation of ABCA1 Transporter in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3334. [PMID: 33805156 PMCID: PMC8037621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the important medical and social problem. According to modern concepts, COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease, macrophages play a key role in its pathogenesis. Macrophages are heterogeneous in their functions, which is largely determined by their immunometabolic profile, as well as the features of lipid homeostasis, in which the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role. The objective of this work is the analysis of the ABCA1 protein participation and the function of reverse cholesterol transport in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of the ABCA1 gene in lung tissues takes the second place after the liver, which indicates the important role of the carrier in lung function. The participation of the transporter in the development of COPD consists in provision of lipid metabolism, regulation of inflammation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. Violation of the processes in which ABCA1 is involved may be a part of the pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to the formation of a heterogeneous clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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16
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Oleacein may intensify the efflux of oxLDL from human macrophages by increasing the expression of the SRB1 receptor, as well as ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Localisation and regulation of cholesterol transporters in the human hair follicle: mapping changes across the hair cycle. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:529-545. [PMID: 33404706 PMCID: PMC8134313 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.
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18
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Bogie JFJ, Grajchen E, Wouters E, Corrales AG, Dierckx T, Vanherle S, Mailleux J, Gervois P, Wolfs E, Dehairs J, Van Broeckhoven J, Bowman AP, Lambrichts I, Gustafsson JÅ, Remaley AT, Mulder M, Swinnen JV, Haidar M, Ellis SR, Ntambi JM, Zelcer N, Hendriks JJA. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 impairs the reparative properties of macrophages and microglia in the brain. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133840. [PMID: 32097464 PMCID: PMC7201924 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of remyelination underlies the progressive nature of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Macrophages and microglia are crucially involved in the formation and repair of demyelinated lesions. Here we show that myelin uptake temporarily skewed these phagocytes toward a disease-resolving phenotype, while sustained intracellular accumulation of myelin induced a lesion-promoting phenotype. This phenotypic shift was controlled by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), an enzyme responsible for the desaturation of saturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids generated by SCD1 reduced the surface abundance of the cholesterol efflux transporter ABCA1, which in turn promoted lipid accumulation and induced an inflammatory phagocyte phenotype. Pharmacological inhibition or phagocyte-specific deficiency of Scd1 accelerated remyelination ex vivo and in vivo. These findings identify SCD1 as a novel therapeutic target to promote remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Elien Grajchen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Elien Wouters
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Aida Garcia Corrales
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tess Dierckx
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jo Mailleux
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Andrew P Bowman
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Monique Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Shane R Ellis
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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19
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Pedrini S, Chatterjee P, Hone E, Martins RN. High‐density lipoprotein‐related cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2020; 159:343-377. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
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20
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Zappe K, Cichna-Markl M. Aberrant DNA Methylation of ABC Transporters in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102281. [PMID: 33066132 PMCID: PMC7601986 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancers. They function as efflux pumps, resulting in limited effectiveness or even failure of therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that ABC transporters are also involved in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Tumors frequently show multiple genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, including changes in histone modification and DNA methylation. Alterations in the DNA methylation status of ABC transporters have been reported for a variety of cancer types. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of DNA methylation of ABC transporters in cancer. We give a brief introduction to structure, function, and gene regulation of ABC transporters that have already been investigated for their DNA methylation status in cancer. After giving an overview of the applied methodologies and the CpGs analyzed, we summarize and discuss the findings on aberrant DNA methylation of ABC transporters by cancer types. We conclude our review with the discussion of the potential to target aberrant DNA methylation of ABC transporters for cancer therapy.
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21
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Frambach SJCM, de Haas R, Smeitink JAM, Rongen GA, Russel FGM, Schirris TJJ. Brothers in Arms: ABCA1- and ABCG1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux as Promising Targets in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:152-190. [PMID: 31831519 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide, and hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor. Preventive treatments mainly focus on the effective reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but their therapeutic value is limited by the inability to completely normalize atherosclerotic risk, probably due to the disease complexity and multifactorial pathogenesis. Consequently, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol gained much interest, as it appeared to be cardioprotective due to its major role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). RCT facilitates removal of cholesterol from peripheral tissues, including atherosclerotic plaques, and its subsequent hepatic clearance into bile. Therefore, RCT is expected to limit plaque formation and progression. Cellular cholesterol efflux is initiated and propagated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Their expression and function are expected to be rate-limiting for cholesterol efflux, which makes them interesting targets to stimulate RCT and lower atherosclerotic risk. This systematic review discusses the molecular mechanisms relevant for RCT and ABCA1 and ABCG1 function, followed by a critical overview of potential pharmacological strategies with small molecules to enhance cellular cholesterol efflux and RCT. These strategies include regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression, degradation, and mRNA stability. Various small molecules have been demonstrated to increase RCT, but the underlying mechanisms are often not completely understood and are rather unspecific, potentially causing adverse effects. Better understanding of these mechanisms could enable the development of safer drugs to increase RCT and provide more insight into its relation with atherosclerotic risk. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis, which is a leading pathological mechanism underlying cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol is removed from atherosclerotic plaques and subsequently cleared by the liver into bile. This transport is mediated by high-density lipoprotein particles, to which cholesterol is transferred via ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Small-molecule pharmacological strategies stimulating these transporters may provide promising options for cardiovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J C M Frambach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ria de Haas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard A Rongen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Low H, Mukhamedova N, Capettini LDSA, Xia Y, Carmichael I, Cody SH, Huynh K, Ditiatkovski M, Ohkawa R, Bukrinsky M, Meikle PJ, Choi SH, Field S, Miller YI, Sviridov D. Cholesterol Efflux-Independent Modification of Lipid Rafts by AIBP (Apolipoprotein A-I Binding Protein). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2346-2359. [PMID: 32787522 PMCID: PMC7530101 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AIBP (apolipoprotein A-I binding protein) is an effective and selective regulator of lipid rafts modulating many metabolic pathways originating from the rafts, including inflammation. The mechanism of action was suggested to involve stimulation by AIBP of cholesterol efflux, depleting rafts of cholesterol, which is essential for lipid raft integrity. Here we describe a different mechanism contributing to the regulation of lipid rafts by AIBP. Approach and Results: We demonstrate that modulation of rafts by AIBP may not exclusively depend on the rate of cholesterol efflux or presence of the key regulator of the efflux, ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A-I). AIBP interacted with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, which was associated with increased abundance and activation of Cdc42 and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton rearrangement was accompanied with reduction of the abundance of lipid rafts, without significant changes in the lipid composition of the rafts. The interaction of AIBP with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate was blocked by AIBP substrate, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), and both NADPH and silencing of Cdc42 interfered with the ability of AIBP to regulate lipid rafts and cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that an underlying mechanism of regulation of lipid rafts by AIBP involves PIP-dependent rearrangement of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hann Low
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Nigora Mukhamedova
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Luciano Dos Santos Aggum Capettini
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.).,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (L.d.S.A.C.)
| | - Yining Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.)
| | - Irena Carmichael
- Department of Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (I.C., S.H.C.)
| | - Stephen H Cody
- Department of Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (I.C., S.H.C.)
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Michael Ditiatkovski
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Ryunosuke Ohkawa
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.).,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (R.O.)
| | - Michael Bukrinsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, DC (M.B.)
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.)
| | - Seth Field
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.)
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.)
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.).,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (D.S.)
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23
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The Inhibition of miR-873 Provides Therapeutic Benefit in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Model of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8735249. [PMID: 32724496 PMCID: PMC7381950 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8735249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Alterations in cholesterol homeostasis have been reported in cell and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), although there are inconsistent data about the association between serum cholesterol levels and risk of PD. Here, we investigated the effects of miR-873 on lysosomal cholesterol homeostasis and progressive dopaminergic neuron damage in a lipopolysaccharide-(LPS) induced model of PD. Experimental Approach. To evaluate the therapeutic benefit of the miR-873 sponge, rats were injected with a LV-miR-873 sponge or the control vector 3 days before the right-unilateral injection of LPS into the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, or 8 and 16 days after LPS injection. Normal SH-SY5Y cells or SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing α-synuclein were used to evaluate the distribution of α-synuclein and cholesterol in lysosomes and to assess the autophagic flux after miR-873 transfection or ABCA1 silencing. The inhibition of miR-873 significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced accumulation of α-synuclein and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN at the early stage. miR-873 mediated the inhibition of ABCA1 by LPS. miR-873 transfection or ABCA1 silencing increased the lysosomal cholesterol and α-synuclein levels, and decreased the autophagic flux. The knockdown of ABCA1 or A20, which are the downstream target genes of miR-873, exacerbated the damage to LPS-induced dopaminergic neurons. Conclusion and Implications. The results suggest that the inhibition of miR-873 may play a dual protective role by improving intracellular cholesterol homeostasis and neuroinflammation in PD. The therapeutic effects of the miR-873 sponge in PD may be due to the upregulation of ABCA1 and A20.
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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25
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Colaco A, Kaya E, Adriaenssens E, Davis LC, Zampieri S, Fernández‐Suárez ME, Tan CY, Deegan PB, Porter FD, Galione A, Bembi B, Dardis A, Platt FM. Mechanistic convergence and shared therapeutic targets in Niemann-Pick disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:574-585. [PMID: 31707734 PMCID: PMC7317544 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) and Tangier disease are genetically and clinically distinct rare inborn errors of metabolism. NPC is caused by defects in either NPC1 or NPC2; whereas Tangier disease is caused by a defect in ABCA1. Tangier disease is currently without therapy, whereas NPC can be treated with miglustat, a small molecule inhibitor of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis that slows the neurological course of the disease. When a Tangier disease patient was misdiagnosed with NPC and treated with miglustat, her symptoms improved. This prompted us to consider whether there is mechanistic convergence between these two apparently unrelated rare inherited metabolic diseases. In this study, we found that when ABCA1 is defective (Tangier disease) there is secondary inhibition of the NPC disease pathway, linking these two diseases at the level of cellular pathophysiology. In addition, this study further supports the hypothesis that miglustat, as well as other substrate reduction therapies, may be potential therapeutic agents for treating Tangier disease as fibroblasts from multiple Tangier patients were corrected by miglustat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ecem Kaya
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Chong Y. Tan
- Lysosomal Disorders UnitAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | | | - Forbes D. Porter
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIHBethesdaMaryland
| | | | - Bruno Bembi
- University Hospital Santa Maria della MisericordiaUdineItaly
| | - Andrea Dardis
- University Hospital Santa Maria della MisericordiaUdineItaly
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, with atherosclerosis as the major underlying factor, remains the leading cause of death worldwide. It is well established that cholesterol ester-enriched foam cells are the hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques. Multiple lines of evidence support that enhancing foam cell cholesterol efflux by HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), is a promising antiatherogenic strategy. Yet, excitement towards the therapeutic potential of manipulating RCT for the treatment of cardiovascular disease has faded because of the lack of the association between cardiovascular disease risk and what was typically measured in intervention trials, namely HDL cholesterol, which has an inconsistent relationship to HDL function and RCT. In this review, we will summarize some of the potential reasons for this inconsistency, update the mechanisms of RCT, and highlight conditions in which impaired HDL function or RCT contributes to vascular disease. On balance, the evidence still argues for further research to better understand how HDL functionality contributes to RCT to develop prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Ouimet
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Canada (M.O.)
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York (T.J.B., E.A.F.)
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York (T.J.B., E.A.F.)
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Okamoto Y, Tomioka M, Ogasawara F, Nagaiwa K, Kimura Y, Kioka N, Ueda K. C-terminal of ABCA1 separately regulates cholesterol floppase activity and cholesterol efflux activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:764-773. [PMID: 31814539 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1700775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) is a key lipid transporter for cholesterol homeostasis. We recently reported that ABCA1 not only exports excess cholesterol in an apoA-I dependent manner, but that it also flops cholesterol from the inner to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. However, the relationship between these two activities of ABCA1 is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the subcellular localization of ABCA1 by using a newly generated monoclonal antibody against its extracellular domain and the functions of eleven chimera proteins, in which the C-terminal domain of ABCA1 was replaced with those of the other ABCA subfamily members. We identified two motifs important for the functions of ABCA1. Three periodically repeated leucine residues were necessary for the cholesterol floppase activity but not the cholesterol efflux activity, while a VFVNFA motif was essential for both activities of ABCA1. These results suggest that the C-terminal of ABCA1 separately regulates the cholesterol floppase activity and the cholesterol efflux activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maiko Tomioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ogasawara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kota Nagaiwa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Lorkowski SW, Brubaker G, Gulshan K, Smith JD. V-ATPase (Vacuolar ATPase) Activity Required for ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Protein A1)-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2615-2625. [PMID: 30354238 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- We have shown that ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette protein A1) mediates unfolding of the apoA1 (apolipoprotein A1) N-terminal helical hairpin during apoA1 lipidation. Others have shown that an acidic pH exposes the hydrophobic surface of apoA1. We postulated that the V-ATPase (vacuolar ATPase) proton pump facilitates apoA1 unfolding and promotes ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Approach and Results- We found that V-ATPase inhibitors dose-dependently decreased ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apoA1 in baby hamster kidney cells and RAW264.7 cells; and similarly, siRNA knockdown of ATP6V0C inhibited ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apoA1 in RAW264.7 cells. Although ABCA1 expression did not alter total cellular levels of V-ATPase, ABCA1 increased the cell surface levels of the V0A1 and V1E1 subunits of V-ATPase. We generated a fluorescein isothiocyanate/Alexa647 double-labeled fluorescent ratiometric apoA1 pH indicator whose fluorescein isothiocyanate/Alexa647 emission ratio decreased as the pH drops. We found that ABCA1 induction in baby hamster kidney cells led to acidification of the cell-associated apoA1 pH indicator, compared with control cells without ABCA1 expression. The V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 dose-dependently inhibited the apoA1 pH shift in ABCA1-expressing cells, without affecting the levels of cell-associated apoA1. However, we were not able to detect ABCA1-mediated extracellular proton release. We showed that acidic pH facilitated apoA1 unfolding, apoA1 solubilization of phosphatidycholine:phosphatidyserine liposomes, and increased lipid fluidity of these liposomes. Conclusions- Our results support a model that ABCA1 recruits V-ATPase to the plasma membrane where V-ATPase mediates apoA1 acidification and membrane remodeling that promote apoA1 unfolding and ABCA1-mediated HDL (high-density lipoprotein) biogenesis and lipid efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang Lorkowski
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.W.L., G.B., K.G., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Gregory Brubaker
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.W.L., G.B., K.G., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Kailash Gulshan
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.W.L., G.B., K.G., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.W.L., G.B., K.G., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 is Involved in Extracellular Secretion of Acetylated APE1/Ref-1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133178. [PMID: 31261750 PMCID: PMC6651529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of nuclear apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is associated with its extracellular secretion, despite the lack of an N-terminal protein secretion signal. In this study, we investigated plasma membrane targeting and translocation of APE1/Ref-1 in HEK293T cells with enhanced acetylation. While APE1/Ref-1 targeting was not affected by inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi-dependent secretion, its secretion was reduced by inhibitors of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and siRNA-mediated down-regulation of ABC transporter A1. The association between APE1/Ref-1 and ABCA1 transporter was confirmed by proximal ligation assay and immunoprecipitation experiments. An APE1/Ref-1 construct with mutated acetylation sites (K6/K7R) showed reduced co-localization with ABC transporter A1. Exposure of trichostatin A (TSA) induced the acetylation of APE1/Ref-1, which translocated into membrane fraction. Taken together, acetylation of APE1/Ref-1 is considered to be necessary for its extracellular targeting via non-classical secretory pathway using the ABCA1 transporter.
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Ryu JH, Ge M, Merscher S, Rosenberg AZ, Desante M, Roshanravan H, Okamoto K, Shin MK, Hoek M, Fornoni A, Kopp JB. APOL1 renal risk variants promote cholesterol accumulation in tissues and cultured macrophages from APOL1 transgenic mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211559. [PMID: 30998685 PMCID: PMC6472726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic variants G1 and G2, compared to the common allele G0, are major risk factors for non-diabetic kidney disease in African descent populations. APOL1 is a minor protein component of HDL, as well as being expressed in podocytes and vascular cells. Reverse cholesterol transport involves the transport of cholesterol to HDL by cellular ATP-binding cassette; ABCA1 and ABCG1 with subsequent delivery from peripheral tissues to the liver. With impaired reverse cholesterol transport, lipid accumulation occurs and macrophages morphologically transform into foam cells, releasing inflammatory factors. We asked whether the APOL1 risk variants alter peripheral cholesterol metabolism and specifically affect macrophage cholesterol efflux. Tissues and bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes were isolated from wild-type mice (WT) and from BAC/APOL1 transgenic (APOL1-G0, APOL1-G1, and APOL1-G2) mice, which carry a bacterial artificial chromosome that contains the human APOL1 genomic region. Monocytes were differentiated into macrophages using M-CSF, and then polarized into M1 and M2 macrophages. Cholesterol content, cholesterol efflux, and ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression were measured. Kidney, spleen, and bone marrow-derived macrophages from APOL1-G1 and -G2 mice showed increased cholesterol accumulation and decreased ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA levels. BM-derived macrophages from APOL1-G1 and -G2 mice showed significantly reduced cholesterol efflux compared to WT or APOL1-G0 macrophages. Taken together, the evidence suggests that APOL1-G1 and -G2 risk variants impaired reverse cholesterol transport through decreased expression of cholesterol efflux transporters suggesting a possible mechanism to promote macrophage foam cell formation, driving inflammation in the glomerulus and renal interstitium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Ryu
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mengyuan Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Peggy and Harold Katz Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Peggy and Harold Katz Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Dvision of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marco Desante
- Dvision of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hila Roshanravan
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Myung K. Shin
- Merck & Company, Inc., Kennilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Maarten Hoek
- Merck & Company, Inc., Kennilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Peggy and Harold Katz Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JK); (AF)
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JK); (AF)
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Otis JP, Shen MC, Caldwell BA, Reyes Gaido OE, Farber SA. Dietary cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I are trafficked in endosomes and lysosomes in the live zebrafish intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G350-G365. [PMID: 30629468 PMCID: PMC6415739 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Difficulty in imaging the vertebrate intestine in vivo has hindered our ability to model nutrient and protein trafficking from both the lumenal and basolateral aspects of enterocytes. Our goal was to use live confocal imaging to increase understanding of intestinal trafficking of dietary cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), the main structural component of high-density lipoproteins. We developed a novel assay to visualize live dietary cholesterol trafficking in the zebrafish intestine by feeding TopFluor-cholesterol (TF-cholesterol), a fluorescent cholesterol analog, in a lipid-rich, chicken egg yolk feed. Quantitative microscopy of transgenic zebrafish expressing fluorescently tagged protein markers of early, recycling, and late endosomes/lysosomes provided the first evidence, to our knowledge, of cholesterol transport in the intestinal endosomal-lysosomal trafficking system. To study APOA-I dynamics, transgenic zebrafish expressing an APOA-I fluorescent fusion protein (APOA-I-mCherry) from tissue-specific promoters were created. These zebrafish demonstrated that APOA-I-mCherry derived from the intestine accumulated in the liver and vice versa. Additionally, intracellular APOA-I-mCherry localized to endosomes and lysosomes in the intestine and liver. Moreover, live imaging demonstrated that APOA-I-mCherry colocalized with dietary TF-cholesterol in enterocytes, and this colocalization increased with feeding time. This study provides a new set of tools for the study of cellular lipid biology and elucidates a key role for endosomal-lysosomal trafficking of intestinal cholesterol and APOA-I. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A fluorescent cholesterol analog was fed to live, translucent larval zebrafish to visualize intracellular cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I) trafficking. With this model intestinal endosomal-lysosomal cholesterol trafficking was observed for the first time. A new APOA-I fusion protein (APOA-I-mCherry) expressed from tissue-specific promoters was secreted into the circulation and revealed that liver-derived APOA-I-mCherry accumulates in the intestine and vice versa. Intestinal, intracellular APOA-I-mCherry was observed in endosomes and lysosomes and colocalized with dietary cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Otis
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meng-Chieh Shen
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Blake A. Caldwell
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Oscar E. Reyes Gaido
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland,2Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven A. Farber
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland,2Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
Measuring cholesterol efflux involves the tracking of cholesterol movement out of cells. Cholesterol efflux is an essential mechanism to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis, and this process is largely regulated via the LXR transcription factors and their regulated genes, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Typically, efflux assays are performed utilizing radiolabeled cholesterol tracers to label intracellular cholesterol pools, and these assays may be tailored to quantify the efflux of exogenously delivered cholesterol or alternatively the efflux of newly synthesized (endogenous) cholesterol, in different cell types (macrophages, hepatocytes). Cholesterol efflux may also be customized to quantify cholesterol flux out of the cell to various exogenous cholesterol acceptors, such as apolipoprotein A-I, high-density lipoprotein, or methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, depending on the purpose of the experiment. Here, we provide comprehensive protocols to quantify the net flux of cholesterol out of cells and recommendations on how this assay may be tailored as a function of the experimental question at hand.
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Vitamin E Metabolic Effects and Genetic Variants: A Challenge for Precision Nutrition in Obesity and Associated Disturbances. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121919. [PMID: 30518135 PMCID: PMC6316334 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E (VE) has a recognized leading role as a contributor to the protection of cell constituents from oxidative damage. However, evidence suggests that the health benefits of VE go far beyond that of an antioxidant acting in lipophilic environments. In humans, VE is channeled toward pathways dealing with lipoproteins and cholesterol, underlining its relevance in lipid handling and metabolism. In this context, both VE intake and status may be relevant in physiopathological conditions associated with disturbances in lipid metabolism or concomitant with oxidative stress, such as obesity. However, dietary reference values for VE in obese populations have not yet been defined, and VE supplementation trials show contradictory results. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of genetic variants in genes involved in VE metabolism may be crucial to exert dietary recommendations with a higher degree of precision. In particular, genetic variability should be taken into account in targets concerning VE bioavailability per se or concomitant with impaired lipoprotein transport. Genetic variants associated with impaired VE liver balance, and the handling/resolution of oxidative stress might also be relevant, but the core information that exists at present is insufficient to deliver precise recommendations.
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Tumurkhuu G, Dagvadorj J, Porritt RA, Crother TR, Shimada K, Tarling EJ, Erbay E, Arditi M, Chen S. Chlamydia pneumoniae Hijacks a Host Autoregulatory IL-1β Loop to Drive Foam Cell Formation and Accelerate Atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2018; 28:432-448.e4. [PMID: 29937375 PMCID: PMC6125162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen burden accelerates atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms remain unresolved. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is linked to atherogenesis. Here we investigated whether Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.pn) infection engages NLRP3 in promoting atherosclerosis. C.pn potentiated hyperlipidemia-induced inflammasome activity in cultured macrophages and in foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions of Ldlr-/- mice. C.pn-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis was significantly dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-1. We discovered that C.pn-induced extracellular IL-1β triggers a negative feedback loop to inhibit GPR109a and ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux, leading to accumulation of intracellular cholesterol and foam cell formation. Gpr109a and Abca1 were both upregulated in plaque lesions in Nlrp3-/- mice in both hyperlipidemic and C.pn infection models. Mature IL-1β and cholesterol may compete for access to the ABCA1 transporter to be exported from macrophages. C.pn exploits this metabolic-immune crosstalk, which can be modulated by NLRP3 inhibitors to alleviate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gantsetseg Tumurkhuu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rebecca A Porritt
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Timothy R Crother
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ebru Erbay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Shuang Chen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Intracellular and Plasma Membrane Events in Cholesterol Transport and Homeostasis. J Lipids 2018; 2018:3965054. [PMID: 30174957 PMCID: PMC6106919 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3965054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol transport between intracellular compartments proceeds by both energy- and non-energy-dependent processes. Energy-dependent vesicular traffic partly contributes to cholesterol flux between endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and endocytic vesicles. Membrane contact sites and lipid transfer proteins are involved in nonvesicular lipid traffic. Only “active" cholesterol molecules outside of cholesterol-rich regions and partially exposed in water phase are able to fast transfer. The dissociation of partially exposed cholesterol molecules in water determines the rate of passive aqueous diffusion of cholesterol out of plasma membrane. ATP hydrolysis with concomitant conformational transition is required to cholesterol efflux by ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters. Besides, scavenger receptor SR-B1 is involved also in cholesterol efflux by facilitated diffusion via hydrophobic tunnel within the molecule. Direct interaction of ABCA1 with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) or apoA-I binding to high capacity binding sites in plasma membrane is important in cholesterol escape to free apoA-I. ABCG1-mediated efflux to fully lipidated apoA-I within high density lipoprotein particle proceeds more likely through the increase of “active” cholesterol level. Putative cholesterol-binding linear motifs within the structure of all three proteins ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 are suggested to contribute to the binding and transfer of cholesterol molecules from cytoplasmic to outer leaflets of lipid bilayer. Together, plasma membrane events and intracellular cholesterol metabolism and traffic determine the capacity of the cell for cholesterol efflux.
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Tang W, Ma W, Ding H, Lin M, Xiang L, Lin G, Zhang Z. Adenylyl cyclase 1 as a major isoform to generate cAMP signaling for apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:635-645. [PMID: 29444935 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m082297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway requires multiple cellular proteins and signal transduction processes, including adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cAMP signaling. Due to the existence of multiple transmembrane AC isoforms, it was not known how many AC isoforms are expressed and which ones are essential for cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cells. These questions were investigated in THP-1 macrophages in this study. Quantitative RT-PCR detected mRNAs for all nine transmembrane AC isoforms, but only the mRNA and protein of the AC1 isoform were consistently upregulated by cholesterol loading and apoA-1. AC1 shRNA interference decreased AC1 mRNA and protein levels, resulting in reduction of apoA-1-mediated cAMP production and cholesterol efflux, while the intracellular cholesterol levels remained high. Confocal microscopy showed that apoA-1 promoted translocation of cholesterol and formation of cholesterol-apoA-1 complexes (protrusions) on the cholesterol-loaded macrophage surface. AC1 shRNA-interfered macrophages showed no translocation of cholesterol to the cell surface. AC1 shRNA interference also disrupted cellular localization of the intracellular cholesterol indicator protein adipophillin, and the expression as well as surface translocation of ABCA1. Together, our results show that AC1 is a major isoform for apoA-1-activated cAMP signaling to promote cholesterol transport and exocytosis to the surface of THP-1 macrophage foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China 523808
| | - Weilie Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China 523808
| | - Hang Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China 523808
| | - Margarita Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China 523808
| | - Le Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China 523808
| | - Guorong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China 523808.
| | - Zhizhen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China 523808.
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Phillips MC. Is ABCA1 a lipid transfer protein? J Lipid Res 2018; 59:749-763. [PMID: 29305383 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r082313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 functions as a lipid transporter because it mediates the transfer of cellular phospholipid (PL) and free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) to apoA-I and related proteins present in the extracellular medium. ABCA1 is a membrane PL translocase and its enzymatic activity leads to transfer of PL molecules from the cytoplasmic leaflet to the exofacial leaflet of a cell plasma membrane (PM). The presence of active ABCA1 in the PM promotes binding of apoA-I to the cell surface. About 10% of this bound apoA-I interacts directly with ABCA1 and stabilizes the transporter. Most of the pool of cell surface-associated apoA-I is bound to lipid domains in the PM that are created by the activity of ABCA1. The amphipathic α-helices in apoA-I confer detergent-like properties on the protein enabling it to solubilize PL and FC in these membrane domains to create a heterogeneous population of discoidal nascent HDL particles. This review focuses on current understanding of the structure-function relationships of human ABCA1 and the molecular mechanisms underlying HDL particle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Phillips
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158
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Hepatitis C Virus Replication Depends on Endosomal Cholesterol Homeostasis. J Virol 2017; 92:JVI.01196-17. [PMID: 29046459 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01196-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to other positive-strand RNA viruses, hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes massive rearrangements of intracellular membranes, resulting in a membranous web (MW) composed of predominantly double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), the presumed sites of RNA replication. DMVs are enriched for cholesterol, but mechanistic details on the source and recruitment of cholesterol to the viral replication organelle are only partially known. Here we focused on selected lipid transfer proteins implicated in direct lipid transfer at various endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane contact sites. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown identified several hitherto unknown HCV dependency factors, such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer domain protein 3 (STARD3), oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 1A and -B (OSBPL1A and -B), and Niemann-Pick-type C1 (NPC1), all residing at late endosome and lysosome membranes and required for efficient HCV RNA replication but not for replication of the closely related dengue virus. Focusing on NPC1, we found that knockdown or pharmacological inhibition caused cholesterol entrapment in lysosomal vesicles concomitant with decreased cholesterol abundance at sites containing the viral replicase factor NS5A. In untreated HCV-infected cells, unesterified cholesterol accumulated at the perinuclear region, partially colocalizing with NS5A at DMVs, arguing for NPC1-mediated endosomal cholesterol transport to the viral replication organelle. Consistent with cholesterol being an important structural component of DMVs, reducing NPC1-dependent endosomal cholesterol transport impaired MW integrity. This suggests that HCV usurps lipid transfer proteins, such as NPC1, at ER-late endosome/lysosome membrane contact sites to recruit cholesterol to the viral replication organelle, where it contributes to MW functionality.IMPORTANCE A key feature of the replication of positive-strand RNA viruses is the rearrangement of the host cell endomembrane system to produce a membranous replication organelle (RO). The underlying mechanisms are far from being elucidated fully. In this report, we provide evidence that HCV RNA replication depends on functional lipid transport along the endosomal-lysosomal pathway that is mediated by several lipid transfer proteins, such as the Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) protein. Pharmacological inhibition of NPC1 function reduced viral replication, impaired the transport of cholesterol to the viral replication organelle, and altered organelle morphology. Besides NPC1, our study reports the importance of additional endosomal and lysosomal lipid transfer proteins required for viral replication, thus contributing to our understanding of how HCV manipulates their function in order to generate a membranous replication organelle. These results might have implications for the biogenesis of replication organelles of other positive-strand RNA viruses.
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Davis W, Tew KD. ATP-binding cassette transporter-2 (ABCA2) as a therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 151:188-200. [PMID: 29223352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ATP binding cassette transporter ABCA2 is primarily an endolysosomal membrane protein that demonstrates pleiotropic functionalities, coalescing around the maintenance of homeostasis of sterols, sphingolipids and cholesterol. It is most highly expressed in brain tissue and ABCA2 knockout mice express neurological defects consistent with aberrant myelination. Increased expression of the transporter has been linked with resistance to cancer drugs, particularly those possessing a steroid backbone and gene expression (in concert with other genes involved in cholesterol metabolism) was found to be regulated by sterols. Moreover, in macrophages ABCA2 is influenced by sterols and has a role in regulating cholesterol sequestration, potentially important in cardiovascular disease. Accumulating data indicate the critical importance of ABCA2 in mediating movement of sphingolipids within cellular compartments and these have been implicated in various aspects of cholesterol trafficking. Perhaps because the functions of ABCA2 are linked with membrane building blocks, there are reports linking it with human pathologies, including, cholesterolemias and cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's and cancer. The present review addresses whether there is now sufficient information to consider ABCA2 as a plausible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Davis
- Dept. of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB, MSC 509, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Dept. of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB, MSC 509, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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Korber M, Klein I, Daum G. Steryl ester synthesis, storage and hydrolysis: A contribution to sterol homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1534-1545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Zannis VI, Su S, Fotakis P. Role of apolipoproteins, ABCA1 and LCAT in the biogenesis of normal and aberrant high density lipoproteins. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:471. [PMID: 29109329 PMCID: PMC6307667 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the pathway of biogenesis of HDL, the essential role of apoA-I, ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in the formation of plasma HDL; the generation of aberrant forms of HDL containing mutant apoA-I forms and the role of apoA-IV and apoE in the formation of distinct HDL subpopulations. The biogenesis of HDL requires functional interactions of the ABCA1 with apoA-I (and to a lesser extent with apoE and apoA-IV) and subsequent interactions of the nascent HDL species thus formed with LCAT. Mutations in apoA-I, ABCA1 and LCAT either prevent or impair the formation of HDL and may also affect the functionality of the HDL species formed. Emphasis is placed on three categories of apoA-I mutations. The first category describes a unique bio-engineered apoA-I mutation that disrupts interactions between apoA-I and ABCA1 and generates aberrant preβ HDL subpopulations that cannot be converted efficiently to α subpopulations by LCAT. The second category describes natural and bio-engineered apoA-I mutations that generate preβ and small size α4 HDL subpopulations, and are associated with low plasma HDL levels. These phenotypes can be corrected by excess LCAT. The third category describes bio-engineered apoA-I mutations that induce hypertriglyceridemia that can be corrected by excess lipoprotein lipase and also have defective maturation of HDL. The HDL phenotypes described here may serve in the future for diagnosis, prognoses and potential treatment of abnormalities that affect the biogenesis and functionality of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis I. Zannis
- . Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- . Department University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Shi Su
- . Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Panagiotis Fotakis
- . Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- . Department University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Trigueros-Motos L, van Capelleveen JC, Torta F, Castaño D, Zhang LH, Chai EC, Kang M, Dimova LG, Schimmel AW, Tietjen I, Radomski C, Tan LJ, Thiam CH, Narayanaswamy P, Wu DH, Dorninger F, Yakala GK, Barhdadi A, Angeli V, Dubé MP, Berger J, Dallinga-Thie GM, Tietge UJ, Wenk MR, Hayden MR, Hovingh GK, Singaraja RR. ABCA8 Regulates Cholesterol Efflux and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2147-2155. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are considered to protect against atherosclerosis in part by facilitating the removal of cholesterol from peripheral tissues. However, factors regulating lipid efflux are incompletely understood. We previously identified a variant in adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter A8 (
ABCA8
) in an individual with low HDL cholesterol (HDLc). Here, we investigate the role of ABCA8 in cholesterol efflux and in regulating HDLc levels.
Approach and Results—
We sequenced
ABCA8
in individuals with low and high HDLc and identified, exclusively in low HDLc probands, 3 predicted deleterious heterozygous
ABCA8
mutations (p.Pro609Arg [P609R], IVS17-2 A>G and p.Thr741Stop [T741X]). HDLc levels were lower in heterozygous mutation carriers compared with first-degree family controls (0.86±0.34 versus 1.17±0.26 mmol/L;
P
=0.005). HDLc levels were significantly decreased by 29% (
P
=0.01) in
Abca8b
−/−
mice on a high-cholesterol diet compared with wild-type mice, whereas hepatic overexpression of human
ABCA8
in mice resulted in significant increases in plasma HDLc and the first steps of macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport. Overexpression of wild-type but not mutant ABCA8 resulted in a significant increase (1.8-fold;
P
=0.01) of cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein AI in vitro. ABCA8 colocalizes and interacts with adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter A1 and further potentiates adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter A1–mediated cholesterol efflux.
Conclusions—
ABCA8 facilitates cholesterol efflux and modulates HDLc levels in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Trigueros-Motos
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Julian C. van Capelleveen
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Federico Torta
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - David Castaño
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Lin-Hua Zhang
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Ee Chu Chai
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Martin Kang
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Lidiya G. Dimova
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Alinda W.M. Schimmel
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Ian Tietjen
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Chris Radomski
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Liang Juin Tan
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Chung Hwee Thiam
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Pradeep Narayanaswamy
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Daniel Heqing Wu
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Fabian Dorninger
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Gopala Krishna Yakala
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Amina Barhdadi
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Veronique Angeli
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Johannes Berger
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Uwe J.F. Tietge
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Michael R. Hayden
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
| | - Roshni R. Singaraja
- From the Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (L.T.-M., D.C., E.C.C., L.J.T., D.H.W., G.K.Y., M.R.H., R.R.S.); Departments of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.v.C., A.W.M.S., G.M.D.-T., G.K.H.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada (I.T.); Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of
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Storti F, Raphael G, Griesser V, Klee K, Drawnel F, Willburger C, Scholz R, Langmann T, von Eckardstein A, Fingerle J, Grimm C, Maugeais C. Regulated efflux of photoreceptor outer segment-derived cholesterol by human RPE cells. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:65-77. [PMID: 28943268 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have linked age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to genes involved in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism, including ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) handles large amounts of lipids, among others cholesterol, partially derived from internalized photoreceptor outer segments (OS) and lipids physiologically accumulate in the aging eye. To analyze the potential function of ABCA1 in the eye, we measured cholesterol efflux, the first step of HDL generation, in RPE cells. We show the expression of selected genes related to HDL metabolism in mouse and human eyecups as well as in ARPE-19 and human primary RPE cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed localization of ABCA1 on both sides of polarized RPE cells. This was functionally confirmed by directional efflux to apolipoprotein AI (ApoA-I) of 3H-labeled cholesterol given to the cells via serum or via OS. ABCA1 expression and activity was modulated using a liver-X-receptor (LXR) agonist and an ABCA1 neutralizing antibody, demonstrating that the efflux was ABCA1-dependent. We concluded that the ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux pathway, and hence HDL biosynthesis, is functional in RPE cells towards both the basal (choroidal) and apical (subretinal) space. Impaired activity of the pathway might cause age-related perturbations of lipid homeostasis in the outer retina and thus may contribute to disease development and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Storti
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Raphael
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Griesser
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Klee
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Faye Drawnel
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Willburger
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Scholz
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Fingerle
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Cyrille Maugeais
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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44
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Wang L, Palme V, Schilcher N, Ladurner A, Heiss EH, Stangl H, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG. The Dietary Constituent Falcarindiol Promotes Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1 Macrophages by Increasing ABCA1 Gene Transcription and Protein Stability. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:596. [PMID: 28919859 PMCID: PMC5585181 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report increased cholesterol efflux from macrophages in the presence of falcarindiol, an important dietary constituent present in commonly used vegetables and medicinal plants. Falcarindiol (3–20 μM) increased cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages. Western blot analysis showed an increased protein level of ABCA1 upon falcarindiol exposure. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that also ABCA1 mRNA level rise with falcarindiol (10 μM) treatment. The effect of falcarindiol on ABCA1 protein as well as mRNA level were counteracted by co-treatment with BADGE, an antagonist of PPARγ. Furthermore, falcarindiol significantly inhibited ABCA1 protein degradation in the presence of cycloheximide. This post-translational regulation of ABCA1 by falcarindiol occurs most likely by inhibition of lysosomal cathepsins, resulting in decreased proteolysis and extended protein half-life of ABCA1. Taken together, falcarindiol increases ABCA1 protein level by two complementary mechanisms, i.e., promoting ABCA1 gene expression and inhibiting ABCA1 protein degradation, which lead to enhanced cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Veronika Palme
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Schilcher
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesLesznowola, Poland
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45
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Liu M, Chung S, Shelness GS, Parks JS. Hepatic ABCA1 deficiency is associated with delayed apolipoprotein B secretory trafficking and augmented VLDL triglyceride secretion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1035-1043. [PMID: 28694219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane transporter that facilitates nascent HDL formation. Tangier disease subjects with complete ABCA1 deficiency have <5% of normal levels of plasma HDL, elevated triglycerides (TGs), and defective vesicular trafficking in fibroblasts and macrophages. Hepatocyte-specific ABCA1 knockout mice (HSKO) have a similar lipid phenotype with 20% of normal plasma HDL levels and a two-fold elevation of plasma TGs due to hepatic overproduction of large, triglyceride-enriched VLDL. We hypothesized that enhanced VLDL TG secretion in the absence of hepatocyte ABCA1 is due to altered intracellular trafficking of apolipoprotein B (apoB), resulting in augmented TG addition to nascent VLDL. We found that trafficking of newly synthesized apoB through the secretory pathway was delayed in ABCA1-silenced rat hepatoma cells and HSKO primary hepatocytes, relative to controls. Endoglycosidase H treatment of cellular apoB revealed a likely delay in apoB trafficking in post-ER compartments. The reduced rate of protein trafficking was also observed for an adenoviral-expressed GPI-linked fluorescent fusion protein, but not albumin, suggesting a selective delay of secretory cargoes in the absence of hepatocyte ABCA1. Our results suggest an important role for hepatic ABCA1 in regulating secretory trafficking and modulating VLDL expansion during the TG accretion phase of hepatic lipoprotein particle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory S Shelness
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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46
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Cerovska E, Elsnerova K, Vaclavikova R, Soucek P. The role of membrane transporters in ovarian cancer chemoresistance and prognosis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:741-753. [PMID: 28511565 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1332179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all cancers in women. There is currently no effective method for early diagnosis, limiting the precision of clinical expectations. Predictions of therapeutic efficacy are currently not available either. Specifically, the development of chemoresistance against conventional chemotherapy poses a fundamental complication. Some membrane transporters have been reported to influence chemoresistance, which is often associated with a poor prognosis. Areas covered: The aim of this article is to review the existing information about membrane transporters and their role in both ovarian cancer chemoresistance and its outcomes. We then highlight limitations of current methodologies and suggest alternatives providing avenues for future research. Expert opinion: Membrane transporters play an important role in development of chemoresistance and affect prognosis of ovarian cancer patients; however, due to variations in methodology and in patient populations, their specific roles have yet to be clarified. For further evaluation of the clinical utility of membrane transporters, it is essential to validate results and improve methods for marker assessment across laboratories. A promising area for future research is to identify the genetic variability in potential markers in peripheral blood. These markers would then stratify patients into defined groups for optimal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Cerovska
- a Toxicogenomics Unit , National Institute of Public Health , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Elsnerova
- a Toxicogenomics Unit , National Institute of Public Health , Prague , Czech Republic.,b 3rd Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic.,c Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen , Charles University , Pilsen , Czech Republic
| | - Radka Vaclavikova
- a Toxicogenomics Unit , National Institute of Public Health , Prague , Czech Republic.,c Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen , Charles University , Pilsen , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- a Toxicogenomics Unit , National Institute of Public Health , Prague , Czech Republic.,c Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen , Charles University , Pilsen , Czech Republic
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47
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Samanta D, Mulye M, Clemente TM, Justis AV, Gilk SD. Manipulation of Host Cholesterol by Obligate Intracellular Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:165. [PMID: 28529926 PMCID: PMC5418226 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a multifunctional lipid that plays important metabolic and structural roles in the eukaryotic cell. Despite having diverse lifestyles, the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens Chlamydia, Coxiella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia all target cholesterol during host cell colonization as a potential source of membrane, as well as a means to manipulate host cell signaling and trafficking. To promote host cell entry, these pathogens utilize cholesterol-rich microdomains known as lipid rafts, which serve as organizational and functional platforms for host signaling pathways involved in phagocytosis. Once a pathogen gains entrance to the intracellular space, it can manipulate host cholesterol trafficking pathways to access nutrient-rich vesicles or acquire membrane components for the bacteria or bacteria-containing vacuole. To acquire cholesterol, these pathogens specifically target host cholesterol metabolism, uptake, efflux, and storage. In this review, we examine the strategies obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens employ to manipulate cholesterol during host cell colonization. Understanding how obligate intracellular pathogens target and use host cholesterol provides critical insight into the host-pathogen relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritiman Samanta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Minal Mulye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M Clemente
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anna V Justis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stacey D Gilk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
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48
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Mukhamedova N, Hoang A, Cui HL, Carmichael I, Fu Y, Bukrinsky M, Sviridov D. Small GTPase ARF6 Regulates Endocytic Pathway Leading to Degradation of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2292-2303. [PMID: 27758770 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) is the principal protein responsible for cellular cholesterol efflux. Abundance and functionality of ABCA1 is regulated both transcriptionally and post-translationally, with endocytosis of ABCA1 being an important element of post-translational regulation. Functional ABCA1 resides on the plasma membrane but can be internalized and either degraded or recycled back to the plasma membrane. The interaction between the degradative and recycling pathways determines the abundance of ABCA1 and may contribute to the efflux of intracellular cholesterol. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we show that the principal pathway responsible for the internalization of ABCA1 leading to its degradation in macrophages is ARF6-dependent endocytic pathway. This pathway was predominant in the regulation of ABCA1 abundance and efflux of plasma membrane cholesterol. Conversely, the efflux of intracellular cholesterol was predominantly controlled by ARF6-independent pathways, and inhibition of ARF6 shifted ABCA1 into recycling endosomes enhancing efflux of intracellular cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ARF6-dependent pathway is the predominant route responsible for the ABCA1 internalization and degradation, whereas ARF6-independent endocytic pathways may contribute to ABCA1 recycling and efflux of intracellular cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigora Mukhamedova
- From the Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (N.M., A.H., H.L.C., I.C., Y.F., D.S.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.L.C.); and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (M.B.)
| | - Anh Hoang
- From the Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (N.M., A.H., H.L.C., I.C., Y.F., D.S.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.L.C.); and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (M.B.)
| | - Huanhuan L Cui
- From the Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (N.M., A.H., H.L.C., I.C., Y.F., D.S.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.L.C.); and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (M.B.)
| | - Irena Carmichael
- From the Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (N.M., A.H., H.L.C., I.C., Y.F., D.S.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.L.C.); and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (M.B.)
| | - Ying Fu
- From the Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (N.M., A.H., H.L.C., I.C., Y.F., D.S.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.L.C.); and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (M.B.)
| | - Michael Bukrinsky
- From the Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (N.M., A.H., H.L.C., I.C., Y.F., D.S.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.L.C.); and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (M.B.)
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- From the Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (N.M., A.H., H.L.C., I.C., Y.F., D.S.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.L.C.); and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (M.B.).
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49
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Siegel J, Darwish C, Popratiloff A, Bukrinsky M, Brichacek B. Live Cell Imaging of ABCA1 Downregulation by HIV-1 Nef in an Experimental Model of HeLa ABCA1-GFP. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:872-3. [PMID: 27136456 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Siegel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Christina Darwish
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- Office of VP for Research, Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michael Bukrinsky
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Beda Brichacek
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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50
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Aryal B, Rotllan N, Araldi E, Ramírez CM, He S, Chousterman BG, Fenn AM, Wanschel A, Madrigal-Matute J, Warrier N, Martín-Ventura JL, Swirski FK, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. ANGPTL4 deficiency in haematopoietic cells promotes monocyte expansion and atherosclerosis progression. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12313. [PMID: 27460411 PMCID: PMC4974469 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in macrophages has profound effects on macrophage gene expression and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we report that angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is the most highly upregulated gene in foamy macrophages and it's absence in haematopoietic cells results in larger atherosclerotic plaques, characterized by bigger necrotic core areas and increased macrophage apoptosis. Furthermore, hyperlipidemic mice deficient in haematopoietic ANGPTL4 have higher blood leukocyte counts, which is associated with an increase in the common myeloid progenitor (CMP) population. ANGPTL4-deficient CMPs have higher lipid raft content, are more proliferative and less apoptotic compared with the wild-type (WT) CMPs. Finally, we observe that ANGPTL4 deficiency in macrophages promotes foam cell formation by enhancing CD36 expression and reducing ABCA1 localization in the cell surface. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that haematopoietic ANGPTL4 deficiency increases atherogenesis through regulating myeloid progenitor cell expansion and differentiation, foam cell formation and vascular inflammation. Angiopoietin-like 4 protein (ANGPTL4) is a regulator of lipoprotein metabolism whose role in atherosclerosis has been controversial. Here the authors show that ANGPTL4 deficiency in haematopoietic cells increases atherogenesis by promoting myeloid progenitor cell expansion and differentiation, foam cell formation and vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Elisa Araldi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Cristina M Ramírez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Shun He
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin G Chousterman
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ashley M Fenn
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Amarylis Wanschel
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Nikhil Warrier
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Jose L Martín-Ventura
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jimenez-Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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