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Guzik TJ, Nosalski R, Maffia P, Drummond GR. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:396-416. [PMID: 38172242 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a global health problem, with >1.3 billion individuals with high blood pressure worldwide. In this Review, we present an inflammatory paradigm for hypertension, emphasizing the crucial roles of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines in disease initiation and progression. T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and natural killer cells are all implicated in hypertension. Neoantigens, the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased sympathetic outflow, as well as cytokines (including IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18 and IL-21) and a high-salt environment, can contribute to immune activation in hypertension. The activated immune cells migrate to target organs such as arteries (especially the perivascular fat and adventitia), kidneys, the heart and the brain, where they release effector cytokines that elevate blood pressure and cause vascular remodelling, renal damage, cardiac hypertrophy, cognitive impairment and dementia. IL-17 secreted by CD4+ T helper 17 cells and γδ T cells, and interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor secreted by immunosenescent CD8+ T cells, exert crucial effector roles in hypertension, whereas IL-10 and regulatory T cells are protective. Effector mediators impair nitric oxide bioavailability, leading to endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular contractility. Inflammatory effector mediators also alter renal sodium and water balance and promote renal fibrosis. These mechanisms link hypertension with obesity, autoimmunity, periodontitis and COVID-19. A comprehensive understanding of the immune and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension is crucial for safely and effectively translating the findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Guzik
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Medicine and Omicron Medical Genomics Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland.
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence (CoRE) in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance ARUA & The Guild, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence (CoRE) in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance ARUA & The Guild, Glasgow, UK
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wehmeier UF, Orth V, Höppe V, Valentino LA, Hilberg T. Neuroinflammatory markers in patients with haemophilia and healthy controls: Where are the differences? Haemophilia 2023; 29:1539-1546. [PMID: 37789740 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with haemophilia (PwH) suffer from haemophilic arthropathy which is accompanied by acute and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the neuroinflammatory network operative in PwH and to compare it to healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from 41 PwH (age 54.7 ± 11.7 years) and 33 healthy controls (age 50.9 ± 10.5 years) and the levels of 13 neuroinflammatory markers were analyzed by applying an antibody-based detection kit in a flow cytometer. RESULTS From 13 analyzed markers, three-ß-nerve growth factor (ß-NGF), soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) differed significantly between the groups (ß-NGF p = .045; sRAGE p = .003; IL-18 p = .007). While ß-NGF was downregulated in PwH, sRAGE and IL-18 were upregulated. None of the analyzed markers corelated to the joint status of PwH while CCL2 (C-C motif ligand 2 chemokine) correlated to HIV infections in PwH (r = .313, p = .007). Correlation analyses of the markers studied also revealed many differences between PwH and controls suggesting a number of deregulations in PwH. CONCLUSION The altered levels of sRAGE and ß-NGF in PwH, which have not been analyzed in PwH before, may help to understand the neuroinflammatory network operative in PwH. The general inflammatory processes in PwH and the involved biomarkers in PwH remain poorly understood. PwH could benefit from new therapies against neuroinflammation which may help to reduce inflammation or also chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo F Wehmeier
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Valerie Orth
- Department of Surgery II, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Vanessa Höppe
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Leonard A Valentino
- National Haemophilia Foundation, New York City, New York, USA
- Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Hilberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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Baggio C, Bindoli S, Guidea I, Doria A, Oliviero F, Sfriso P. IL-18 in Autoinflammatory Diseases: Focus on Adult Onset Still Disease and Macrophages Activation Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11125. [PMID: 37446301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in various innate and adaptive immune processes related to infection, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Therefore, it is described as a key mediator of autoinflammatory diseases associated with the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), including systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still's disease. This review focuses on the role of IL-18 in inflammatory responses, placing emphasis on autoinflammatory diseases associated with chronic excess of serum IL-18, which correlate with clinical and biological signs of the disease. Therefore, it is useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity. Researchers are currently investigating IL-18's role as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The inhibition of IL-18 signaling through recombinant human IL-18BP (IL-18 binding protein) seems to be an effective therapeutic strategy, though further studies are necessary to clarify its importance as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baggio
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Irina Guidea
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Inflammation and cognition in severe mental illness: patterns of covariation and subgroups. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1284-1292. [PMID: 36577840 PMCID: PMC10005942 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A potential relationship between dysregulation of immune/inflammatory pathways and cognitive impairment has been suggested in severe mental illnesses (SMI), such as schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. However, multivariate relationships between peripheral inflammatory/immune-related markers and cognitive domains are unclear, and many studies do not account for inter-individual variance in both cognitive functioning and inflammatory/immune status. This study aimed to investigate covariance patterns between inflammatory/immune-related markers and cognitive domains and further elucidate heterogeneity in a large SMI and healthy control (HC) cohort (SZ = 343, BD = 289, HC = 770). We applied canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify modes of maximum covariation between a comprehensive selection of cognitive domains and inflammatory/immune markers. We found that poor verbal learning and psychomotor processing speed was associated with higher levels of interleukin-18 system cytokines and beta defensin 2, reflecting enhanced activation of innate immunity, a pattern augmented in SMI compared to HC. Applying hierarchical clustering on covariance patterns identified by the CCA revealed a high cognition-low immune dysregulation subgroup with predominantly HC (24% SZ, 45% BD, 74% HC) and a low cognition-high immune dysregulation subgroup predominantly consisting of SMI patients (76% SZ, 55% BD, 26% HC). These subgroups differed in IQ, years of education, age, CRP, BMI (all groups), level of functioning, symptoms and defined daily dose (DDD) of antipsychotics (SMI cohort). Our findings suggest a link between cognitive impairment and innate immune dysregulation in a subset of individuals with severe mental illness.
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Miyazaki T, Taketomi Y, Higashi T, Ohtaki H, Takaki T, Ohnishi K, Hosonuma M, Kono N, Akasu R, Haraguchi S, Kim-Kaneyama JR, Otsu K, Arai H, Murakami M, Miyazaki A. Hypercholesterolemic Dysregulation of Calpain in Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Interferes With Regulatory T-Cell Stability and Trafficking. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e66-e82. [PMID: 36519468 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hypercholesterolemia reportedly counteracts lymphocyte trafficking across lymphatic vessels, the roles of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in the lymphocyte regulations remain unclear. Previous studies showed that calpain-an intracellular modulatory protease-interferes with leukocyte dynamics in the blood microcirculation and is associated with hypercholesterolemic dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells. METHODS This study investigated whether the calpain systems in LECs associate with the LEC-lymphocyte interaction under hypercholesterolemia using gene-targeted mice. RESULTS Lipidomic analysis in hypercholesterolemic mice showed that several lysophospholipids, including lysophosphatidic acid, accumulated in the lymphatic environment. Lysophosphatidic acid enables the potentiation of calpain systems in cultured LECs, which limits their ability to stabilize regulatory T cells (Treg) without altering Th1/Th2 (T helper type1/2) subsets. This occurs via the proteolytic degradation of MEKK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1) and the subsequent inhibition of TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 production in LECs. Targeting calpain systems in LECs expanded Tregs in the blood circulation and reduced aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice, concomitant with the reduction of proinflammatory macrophages in the lesions. Treg expansion in the blood circulation and atheroprotection in calpain-targeted mice was prevented by the administration of TGF-β type-I receptor inhibitor. Moreover, lysophosphatidic acid-induced calpain overactivation potentiated the IL (interleukin)-18/NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)/VCAM1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) axis in LECs, thereby inhibiting lymphocyte mobility on the cells. Indeed, VCAM1 in LECs was upregulated in hypercholesterolemic mice and human cases of coronary artery disease. Neutralization of VCAM1 or targeting LEC calpain systems recovered afferent Treg transportation via lymphatic vessels in mice. CONCLUSIONS Calpain systems in LECs have a key role in controlling Treg stability and trafficking under hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry (T.M., R.A., S.H., J.-R.K.-K., A.M.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine (Y.T., T.H., M.M.), the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Higashi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine (Y.T., T.H., M.M.), the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohtaki
- Department of Anatomy (H.O.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Division of Electron Microscopy (T.T.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan (K. Ohnishi)
| | - Masahiro Hosonuma
- Department of Clinical Immuno Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine (N.K., H.A.), the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Akasu
- Department of Biochemistry (T.M., R.A., S.H., J.-R.K.-K., A.M.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry (T.M., R.A., S.H., J.-R.K.-K., A.M.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joo-Ri Kim-Kaneyama
- Department of Biochemistry (T.M., R.A., S.H., J.-R.K.-K., A.M.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- The School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom (K. Otsu)
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine (N.K., H.A.), the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine (Y.T., T.H., M.M.), the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry (T.M., R.A., S.H., J.-R.K.-K., A.M.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Peyronnel C, Totoson P, Martin H, Demougeot C. Relevance of circulating markers of endothelial activation for cardiovascular risk assessment in rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review. Life Sci 2023; 314:121264. [PMID: 36470540 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with excessive cardiovascular mortality secondary to premature atherosclerosis, in which endothelial activation (EA) plays a central role. EA is characterized by loss of vascular integrity, expression of leucocyte adhesion molecules, transition from antithrombotic to prothrombotic phenotype, cytokines production, shedding of membrane microparticles and recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells. As EA is an early event in atherogenesis, circulating markers of EA are putative markers of vascular pathology and cardiovascular (CV) risk. After a presentation of biology of EA, the present review analyzed the available data regarding changes in EA markers in RA in link with the vascular pathology and CV events, discussed their relevance as biomarkers of CV risk and proposed future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célian Peyronnel
- PEPITE EA 4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA 4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA 4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA 4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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Chen J, Liu Q, He J, Li Y. Immune responses in diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958790. [PMID: 36045667 PMCID: PMC9420855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting millions of diabetic patients worldwide. DN is associated with proteinuria and progressive slowing of glomerular filtration, which often leads to end-stage kidney diseases. Due to the complexity of this metabolic disorder and lack of clarity about its pathogenesis, it is often more difficult to diagnose and treat than other kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted that the immune system can inadvertently contribute to DN pathogenesis. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses can target the kidney due to increased expression of immune-related localization factors. Immune cells then activate a pro-inflammatory response involving the release of autocrine and paracrine factors, which further amplify inflammation and damage the kidney. Consequently, strategies to treat DN by targeting the immune responses are currently under study. In light of the steady rise in DN incidence, this timely review summarizes the latest findings about the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of DN and discusses promising preclinical and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhan He
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
| | - Yanping Li
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
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Cincotta AH, Cersosimo E, Alatrach M, Ezrokhi M, Agyin C, Adams J, Chilton R, Triplitt C, Chamarthi B, Cominos N, DeFronzo RA. Bromocriptine-QR Therapy Reduces Sympathetic Tone and Ameliorates a Pro-Oxidative/Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Plasma of Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168851. [PMID: 36012132 PMCID: PMC9407769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine-QR is a sympatholytic dopamine D2 agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that has demonstrated rapid (within 1 year) substantial reductions in adverse cardiovascular events in this population by as yet incompletely delineated mechanisms. However, a chronic state of elevated sympathetic nervous system activity and central hypodopaminergic function has been demonstrated to potentiate an immune system pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory condition and this immune phenotype is known to contribute significantly to the advancement of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the possibility exists that bromocriptine-QR therapy may reduce adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes subjects via attenuation of this underlying chronic pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory state. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of bromocriptine-QR on a wide range of immune pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory biochemical pathways and genes known to be operative in the genesis and progression of CVD. Inflammatory peripheral blood mononuclear cell biology is both a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease and also a marker of the body’s systemic pro-inflammatory status. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 4-month circadian-timed (within 2 h of waking in the morning) bromocriptine-QR therapy (3.2 mg/day) in type 2 diabetes subjects whose glycemia was not optimally controlled on the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist on (i) gene expression status (via qPCR) of a wide array of mononuclear cell pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory genes known to participate in the genesis and progression of CVD (OXR1, NRF2, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSR, GPX1, GPX4, GCH1, HMOX1, BiP, EIF2α, ATF4, PERK, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP, GSK3β, NFkB, TXNIP, PIN1, BECN1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR10, MAPK8, NLRP3, CCR2, GCR, L-selectin, VCAM1, ICAM1) and (ii) humoral measures of sympathetic tone (norepinephrine and normetanephrine), whole-body oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine, TBARS), and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, prolactin, C-reactive protein [CRP]). Relative to pre-treatment status, 4 months of bromocriptine-QR therapy resulted in significant reductions of mRNA levels in PBMC endoplasmic reticulum stress-unfolded protein response effectors [GRP78/BiP (34%), EIF2α (32%), ATF4 (29%), XBP1 (25%), PIN1 (14%), BECN1 (23%)], oxidative stress response proteins [OXR1 (31%), NRF2 (32%), NQO1 (39%), SOD1 (52%), CAT (26%), GPX1 (33%), GPX4 (31%), GCH1 (30%), HMOX1 (40%)], mRNA levels of TLR pro-inflammatory pathway proteins [TLR2 (46%), TLR4 (20%), GSK3β (19%), NFkB (33%), TXNIP (18%), NLRP3 (32%), CCR2 (24%), GCR (28%)], mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cellular receptor proteins CCR2 and GCR by 24% and 28%, and adhesion molecule proteins L-selectin (35%) and VCAM1 (24%). Relative to baseline, bromocriptine-QR therapy also significantly reduced plasma levels of norepinephrine and normetanephrine by 33% and 22%, respectively, plasma pro-oxidative markers nitrotyrosine and TBARS by 13% and 10%, respectively, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-18, MCP1, IL-1β, prolactin, and CRP by 21%,13%, 12%, 42%, and 45%, respectively. These findings suggest a unique role for circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR sympatholytic dopamine agonist therapy in reducing systemic low-grade sterile inflammation to thereby reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Cincotta
- VeroScience LLC, Tiverton, RI 02878, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-816-0525
| | - Eugenio Cersosimo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mariam Alatrach
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Christina Agyin
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John Adams
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Robert Chilton
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Curtis Triplitt
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Thomas JM, Huuskes BM, Sobey CG, Drummond GR, Vinh A. The IL-18/IL-18R1 signalling axis: Diagnostic and therapeutic potential in hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108191. [PMID: 35461924 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is inherently an inflammatory condition, which ultimately results in the development of end stage renal disease or cardiovascular events. Low-grade inflammatory diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are leading causes of CKD. Declines in renal function correlate with elevated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with these conditions. The inflammasome is an important inflammatory signalling platform that has been associated with low-grade chronic inflammatory diseases. Notably, activation and assembly of the inflammasome causes the auto cleavage of pro-caspase-1 into its active form, which then processes the pro-inflammatory cytokines pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18 into their active forms. Currently, the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in the development of CKD in pre-clinical and clinical settings, and the ablation or inhibition of inflammasome components have been shown to be reno-protective in models of CKD. While clinical trials have demonstrated that neutralisation of IL-1β signalling by the drug anakinra lowers inflammation markers in haemodialysis patients, ongoing preclinical studies are showing that this ability to attenuate disease is limited in progressive models of kidney disease. These results suggest a potential predominant role for IL-18 in the development of CKD. This review will discuss the role of the inflammasome and its pro-inflammatory product IL-18 in the development of renal fibrosis and inflammation that contribute to the pathophysiology of CKD. Furthermore, we will examine the potential of the IL-18 signalling axis as an anti-inflammatory target in CKD and its usefulness as diagnostic biomarker to predict acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn M Thomas
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke M Huuskes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Azargoon A, Kharazmkia A, Kordalivand N, Birjandi M, Mir S. Evaluation of exposure to secondhand smoke and serum level of interleukin 18 in non-smokers. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 73:103238. [PMID: 35079372 PMCID: PMC8767295 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Smoking is one significant global health care problems, that not only affects the users but also endangers the health of people inhaling the smoke (passive smoking/secondhand smoke). The serum level of IL-18, an important regulator of inherent and acquired immune response, is affected by cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on IL-18 serum level in non-smoker adults. Methods In a case-control study, using easy sampling method, 76 non-smokers who were exposed to cigarette smoke for at least 1 h daily during the past year were considered as exposure group, while 76 of their companions without exposure to cigarette smoke (after matching age) were considered as non-exposure group. Serum IL-18 levels were measured for all participants and finally compared between the two groups using Chi-square test. P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The exposure and non-exposure groups included 58 (76.3%) and 25 (32.9%) males, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean ± SD of age for the exposure and non-exposure groups was 35.42 ± 10.37 and 38.47 ± 12.49 years, respectively (P = 0.102). There was no significant difference between the mean serum levels of IL-18 in the exposure (54.81 ± 57.03 ng/ml) and non-exposure (41.49 ± 42.14 ng/ml) groups (P = 0.104). Conclusion The exposure to secondhand smoke has no significant effect on serum level of IL-18 in exposed adult individuals. However, more studies with larger sample sizes on different populations are required to confirm these results. Smoking is one significant global health care problems. That not only affects the users but also endangers the health of people inhaling the smoke. The serum level of IL-18, an important regulator of inherent and acquired immune response. The exposure to secondhand smoke has no significant effect on serum level of IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azargoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kharazmkia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Nazanin Kordalivand
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Birjandi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Samareh Mir
- Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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11
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Wenzl FA, Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Kraler S, Lüscher TF, Costantino S, Paneni F. Inflammation in Metabolic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:742178. [PMID: 34671656 PMCID: PMC8520939 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.742178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlapping pandemics of lifestyle-related diseases pose a substantial threat to cardiovascular health. Apart from coronary artery disease, metabolic disturbances linked to obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes directly compromise myocardial structure and function through independent and shared mechanisms heavily involving inflammatory signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic dysregulation causes systemic inflammation, which in turn aggravates cardiovascular disease. Indeed, elevated systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and metabolic substrates induce an inflammatory state in different cardiac cells and lead to subcellular alterations thereby promoting maladaptive myocardial remodeling. At the cellular level, inflammation-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, and lipotoxicity contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, extracellular matrix accumulation and microvascular disease. In cardiometabolic patients, myocardial inflammation is maintained by innate immune cell activation mediated by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and downstream activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB-dependent pathways. Chronic low-grade inflammation progressively alters metabolic processes in the heart, leading to a metabolic cardiomyopathy (MC) phenotype and eventually to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In accordance with preclinical data, observational studies consistently showed increased inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic features in patients with HFpEF. Future treatment approaches of MC may target inflammatory mediators as they are closely intertwined with cardiac nutrient metabolism. Here, we review current evidence on inflammatory processes involved in the development of MC and provide an overview of nutrient and cytokine-driven pro-inflammatory effects stratified by cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Wenzl
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Hirooka Y, Nozaki Y. Interleukin-18 in Inflammatory Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:639103. [PMID: 33732720 PMCID: PMC7956987 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.639103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18, a member of the IL-1 superfamily, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is structurally similar to IL-1β. IL-18 promotes the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and strongly induces a Th1 response. IL-18 drives the same myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway as IL-1β. In physiological conditions, IL-18 is regulated by the endogenous inhibitor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), and the activity of IL-18 is balanced. It is reported that in several inflammatory diseases, the IL-18 activity is unbalanced, and IL-18 neutralization by IL-18BP is insufficient. IL-18 acts synergistically with IL-12 to induce the production of IFN-γ as a Th1 cytokine, and IL-18 acts alone to induce the production of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. In addition, IL-18 alone enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity and FAS ligand expression. The biological and pathological roles of IL-18 have been studied in many diseases. Here we review the knowledge regarding IL-18 signaling and the role of IL-18 in inflammatory kidney diseases. Findings on renal injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its association with IL-18 will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Hirooka
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuji Nozaki
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Role of the Nox4/AMPK/mTOR signaling axe in adipose inflammation-induced kidney injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:403-417. [PMID: 32095833 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious complications of diabetes worldwide and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. While research has primarily focused on hyperglycemia as a key player in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, recently, increasing evidence have underlined the role of adipose inflammation in modulating the development and/or progression of diabetic kidney disease. This review focuses on how adipose inflammation contribute to diabetic kidney disease. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the underlying mechanisms of adipose inflammation, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and critically describes their role in diabetic kidney disease. This in-depth understanding of adipose inflammation and its impact on diabetic kidney disease highlights the need for novel interventions in the treatment of diabetic complications.
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14
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Fraser DD, Cepinskas G, Slessarev M, Martin C, Daley M, Miller MR, O'Gorman DB, Gill SE, Patterson EK, Dos Santos CC. Inflammation Profiling of Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. Crit Care Explor 2020; 2:e0144. [PMID: 32696007 PMCID: PMC7314329 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection to which there is no community immunity. Patients admitted to ICUs have high mortality, with only supportive therapies available. Our aim was to profile plasma inflammatory analytes to help understand the host response to coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN Daily blood inflammation profiling with immunoassays. SETTING Tertiary care ICU and academic laboratory. SUBJECTS All patients admitted to the ICU suspected of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, using standardized hospital screening methodologies, had daily blood samples collected until either testing was confirmed negative on ICU day 3 (coronavirus disease 2019 negative), or until ICU day 7 if the patient was positive (coronavirus disease 2019 positive). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Age- and sex-matched healthy controls and ICU patients that were either coronavirus disease 2019 positive or coronavirus disease 2019 negative were enrolled. Cohorts were well-balanced with the exception that coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients were more likely than coronavirus disease 2019 negative patients to suffer bilateral pneumonia. Mortality rate for coronavirus disease 2019 positive ICU patients was 40%. We measured 57 inflammatory analytes and then analyzed with both conventional statistics and machine learning. Twenty inflammatory analytes were different between coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients and healthy controls (p < 0.01). Compared with coronavirus disease 2019 negative patients, coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients had 17 elevated inflammatory analytes on one or more of their ICU days 1-3 (p < 0.01), with feature classification identifying the top six analytes between cohorts as tumor necrosis factor, granzyme B, heat shock protein 70, interleukin-18, interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10, and elastase 2. While tumor necrosis factor, granzyme B, heat shock protein 70, and interleukin-18 were elevated for all seven ICU days, interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 transiently elevated on ICU days 2 and 3 and elastase 2 increased over ICU days 2-7. Inflammation profiling predicted coronavirus disease 2019 status with 98% accuracy, whereas elevated heat shock protein 70 was strongly associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS While many inflammatory analytes were elevated in coronavirus disease 2019 positive ICU patients, relative to healthy controls, the top six analytes distinguishing coronavirus disease 2019 positive ICU patients from coronavirus disease 2019 negative ICU patients were tumor necrosis factor, granzyme B, heat shock protein 70, interleukin-18, interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10, and elastase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D Fraser
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Neurological Sciences and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marat Slessarev
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Claudio Martin
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Daley
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- The Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R Miller
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Neurological Sciences and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David B O'Gorman
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sean E Gill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Research, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Milas O, Gadalean F, Vlad A, Dumitrascu V, Velciov S, Gluhovschi C, Bob F, Popescu R, Ursoniu S, Jianu DC, Matusz P, Pusztai AM, Secara A, Simulescu A, Stefan M, Patruica M, Petrica F, Vlad D, Petrica L. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with podocyte damage and proximal tubular dysfunction in the early stage of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107479. [PMID: 31806428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate if there is a link between inflammation (expressed by inflammatory cytokines) and the early stage of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as shown by markers of podocyte damage and proximal tubular (PT) dysfunction. METHODS In this study were enrolled 117 type 2 DM patients (36-normoalbuminuria, 42-microalbuminuria, 39- macroalbuminuria), and 11 healthy subjects. Serum and urinary IL-1 alpha, IL-8, IL-18, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR), eGFR, biomarkers of podocyte damage (podocalyxin, synaptopodin, nephrin) and of PT dysfunction (KIM-1, NAG) were assessed. RESULTS In multivariable regression urinary Il-1 alpha correlated positively with podocalyxin and NAG (p < 0.0001, R2= 0.57); urinary IL-8 correlated directly with synaptopodin, NAG, nephrin, and KIM-1 (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.67); urinary IL-18 correlated directly with synaptopodin, NAG, and nephrin (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.59). Serum IL-1 alpha correlated positively with nephrin, synaptopodin, NAG (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.68); serum IL-8 correlated directly with synaptopodin and NAG (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.66); serum IL-18 correlated directly with NAG, KIM-1, and podocalyxin (p < 0.0001, R2=0.647). CONCLUSIONS Pro-inflammatory interleukins are associated with podocyte injury and PT dysfunction in early DKD. These could exert a key role in the pathogenesis of early DKD, before the development of albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Milas
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Adrian Vlad
- Dept. of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Victor Dumitrascu
- Dept. of Pharmacology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Velciov
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gluhovschi
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Dept. of Public Health Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; Centre of Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dragos Catalin Jianu
- Dept. of Neurology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Petru Matusz
- Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Agneta-Maria Pusztai
- Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Secara
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Simulescu
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Stefan
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Patruica
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Petrica
- Nefrotim Medical Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daliborca Vlad
- Dept. of Pharmacology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Dept. of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; Centre of Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania; "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
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16
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Tielemans B, Stoian L, Gijsbers R, Michiels A, Wagenaar A, Farre Marti R, Belge C, Delcroix M, Quarck R. Cytokines trigger disruption of endothelium barrier function and p38 MAP kinase activation in BMPR2-silenced human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Pulm Circ 2019; 9:2045894019883607. [PMID: 31692724 PMCID: PMC6811766 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019883607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPRII) signaling pathway is impaired
in pulmonary arterial hypertension and mutations in the BMPR2
gene have been observed in both heritable and idiopathic pulmonary arterial
hypertension. However, all BMPR2 mutation carriers do not
develop pulmonary arterial hypertension, and inflammation could trigger the
development of the disease in BMPR2 mutation carriers.
Circulating levels and/or lung tissue expression of cytokines such as tumor
necrosis factor-α or interleukin-18 are elevated in patients with pulmonary
arterial hypertension and could be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary
arterial hypertension. We consequently hypothesized that cytokines could trigger
endothelial dysfunction in addition to impaired BMPRII signaling. Our aim was to
determine whether impairment of BMPRII signaling might affect endothelium
barrier function and adhesiveness to monocytes, in response to cytokines.
BMPR2 was silenced in human lung microvascular endothelial
cells (HLMVECs) using lentiviral vectors encoding microRNA-based hairpins.
Effects of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-18 on HLMVEC adhesiveness to
the human monocyte cell line THP-1, adhesion molecule expression, endothelial
barrier function and activation of P38MAPK were investigated in vitro. Stable
BMPR2 silencing in HLMVECs resulted in impaired endothelial
barrier function and constitutive activation of P38MAPK. Adhesiveness of
BMPR2-silenced HLMVECs to THP-1 cells was enhanced by tumor
necrosis factor-α and interleukin-18 through ICAM-1 adhesion molecule.
Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor-α induced activation of P38MAPK and
disrupted endothelial barrier function in BMPR2-silenced
HLMVECs. Altogether, our findings showed that stable BMPR2
silencing resulted in impaired endothelial barrier function and activation of
P38MAPK in HLMVECs. In BMPR2-silenced HLMVECs, cytokines
enhanced adhesiveness capacities, activation of P38MAPK and impaired endothelial
barrier function suggesting that cytokines could trigger the development of
pulmonary arterial hypertension in a context of impaired BMPRII signaling
pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birger Tielemans
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leanda Stoian
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Michiels
- Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Allard Wagenaar
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricard Farre Marti
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catharina Belge
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals and Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Delcroix
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals and Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals and Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Cytokine Storm Combined with Humoral Immune Response Defect in Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Case, Tatarstan, Russia. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070601. [PMID: 31269734 PMCID: PMC6669480 DOI: 10.3390/v11070601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in Tatarstan, where thousands of cases are registered annually. Puumalaorthohantavirus is commonly detected in human case samples as well as in captured bank voles, the rodent hosts. The pathogenesis of HFRS is still not well described, although the cytokine storm hypothesis is largely accepted. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of a fatal HFRS case compared with twenty four non-fatal cases where activation of the humoral and cellular immune responses, pro-inflammatory cytokines and disturbed blood coagulation were detected using immunological, histological, genetic and clinical approaches. Multiple organ failure combined with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome and acute renal failure was the cause of death. Decreased Interleukin (IL)-7 and increased IL-18, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-5, stem cell growth factor (SCGF)-b and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) serum levels were found, supporting the cytokine storm hypothesis of hantavirus pathogenesis.
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18
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Kaneko N, Kurata M, Yamamoto T, Morikawa S, Masumoto J. The role of interleukin-1 in general pathology. Inflamm Regen 2019; 39:12. [PMID: 31182982 PMCID: PMC6551897 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-019-0101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1, an inflammatory cytokine, is considered to have diverse physiological functions and pathological significances and play an important role in health and disease. In this decade, interleukin-1 family members have been expanding and evidence is accumulating that highlights the importance of interleukin-1 in linking innate immunity with a broad spectrum of diseases beyond inflammatory diseases. In this review, we look back on the definition of "inflammation" in traditional general pathology and discuss new insights into interleukin-1 in view of its history and the molecular bases of diseases, as well as current progress in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoe Kaneko
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
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19
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Interleukin-18 and diabetic nephropathy: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5674-5682. [PMID: 30417374 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response has an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy that is contributed to by inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, and macrophage chemotactic protein-1; however, the role of IL-18 seems to be more specific than other cytokines in the inflammatory process. IL-18 is expressed in renal tissue and is upregulated by several stimuli including hyperglycemia. The expression/urinary level of IL-18 is positively correlated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy and the urinary albumin excretion rate. In this review, we have focused on the molecular pathways modulating the relationship between IL-18 and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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van Keulen D, Pouwer MG, Pasterkamp G, van Gool AJ, Sollewijn Gelpke MD, Princen HMG, Tempel D. Inflammatory cytokine oncostatin M induces endothelial activation in macro- and microvascular endothelial cells and in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204911. [PMID: 30273401 PMCID: PMC6166945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial activation is involved in many chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, and is often initiated by cytokines. Oncostatin M (OSM) is a relatively unknown cytokine that has been suggested to play a role in both endothelial activation and atherosclerosis. We comprehensively investigated the effect of OSM on endothelial cell activation from different vascular beds and in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human aortic endothelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells cultured in the presence of OSM express elevated MCP-1, IL-6 and ICAM-1 mRNA levels. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human aortic endothelial cells additionally expressed increased VCAM-1 and E-selectin mRNA levels. Moreover, ICAM-1 membrane expression is increased as well as MCP-1, IL-6 and E-selectin protein release. A marked increase was observed in STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation indicating that the JAK/STAT pathway is involved in OSM signaling. OSM signals through the LIF receptor alfa (LIFR) and the OSM receptor (OSMR). siRNA knockdown of the LIFR and the OSMR revealed that simultaneous knockdown is necessary to significantly reduce MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion, VCAM-1 and E-selectin shedding and STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation after OSM stimulation. Moreover, OSM administration to APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice enhances plasma E-selectin levels and increases ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion in the aortic root area. Furthermore, Il-6 mRNA expression was elevated in the aorta of OSM treated mice. CONCLUSION OSM induces endothelial activation in vitro in endothelial cells from different vascular beds through activation of the JAK/STAT cascade and in vivo in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice. Since endothelial activation is an initial step in atherosclerosis development, OSM may play a role in the initiation of atherosclerotic lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle van Keulen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Quorics B.V, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- TNO-Metabolic Health Research, Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne G. Pouwer
- TNO-Metabolic Health Research, Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain J. van Gool
- TNO- Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans M. G. Princen
- TNO-Metabolic Health Research, Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennie Tempel
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Quorics B.V, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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21
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Li G, Zhou R, Zhao X, Liu R, Ye C. Correlation between the expression of IL‑18 and deep venous thrombosis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:883. [PMID: 29786104 PMCID: PMC6034920 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the expression of interleukin (IL)‑18 and related markers on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) to examine their correlation. Sprague‑Dawley rats of different models were established and were randomly assigned into three groups. The expression of IL‑18, nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were detected in blood samples. The inferior vena cava (IVC) was ligated to establish the DVT model. Rat IL‑18 overexpression and inhibition vectors were constructed. The expression levels of IL‑18 and related markers in the venous wall were compared between the model group and the control group using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Following the culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), IL‑18 was added to the cells, following which the growth of the HUVECs, and changes in vWF and other endothelial functional markers were analyzed. The IVC model demonstrated complete thrombosis at 8 h and stable thrombosis at 24 h. At 24 h following model establishment, the expression levels of IL‑18, NF‑κB and vWF were high in the blood samples with the occurrence and development of thrombosis (P<0.05). The weight, length and weight/length ratio of thrombi in each model group showed significant differences from those in the control group (P<0.05) with the overexpression of IL‑18, and the expression levels of NF‑κB and vWF in venous tissues were altered with abnormal expression levels of IL‑18. IL‑18 damaged HUVECs and significantly increased viability in early‑stage apoptosis, promoted the upregulation of vWF and P‑selectin, and reduced tissue plasminogen activator. IL‑18 and the related markers were closely associated with the occurrence and development of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Rudan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Riguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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22
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Abstract
Initially described as an interferon (IFN)γ‐inducing factor, interleukin (IL)‐18 is indeed involved in Th1 and NK cell activation, but also in Th2, IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells and macrophage activation. IL‐18, a member of the IL‐1 family, is similar to IL‐1β for being processed by caspase 1 to an 18 kDa‐biologically active mature form. IL‐18 binds to its specific receptor (IL‐18Rα, also known as IL‐1R7) forming a low affinity ligand chain. This is followed by recruitment of the IL‐18Rβ chain. IL‐18 then uses the same signaling pathway as IL‐1 to activate NF‐kB and induce inflammatory mediators such as adhesion molecules, chemokines and Fas ligand. IL‐18 also binds to the circulating high affinity IL‐18 binding protein (BP), such as only unbound free IL‐18 is active. IL‐18Rα may also bind IL‐37, another member of the IL‐1 family, but in association with the negative signaling chain termed IL‐1R8, which transduces an anti‐inflammatory signal. IL‐18BP also binds IL‐37 and this acts as a sink for the anti‐inflammatory properties of IL‐37. There is now ample evidence for a role of IL‐18 in various infectious, metabolic or inflammatory diseases such as influenza virus infection, atheroma, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or Crohn's disease. However, IL‐18 plays a very specific role in the pathogenesis of hemophagocytic syndromes (HS) also termed Macrophage Activation Syndrome. In children affected by NLRC4 gain‐of‐function mutations, IL‐18 circulates in the range of tens of nanograms/mL. HS is treated with the IL‐1 Receptor antagonist (anakinra) but also specifically with IL‐18BP. Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis or adult‐onset Still's disease are also characterized by high serum IL‐18 concentrations and are treated by IL‐18BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Kaplanski
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Conception, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Vascular Research Center Marseille, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S1076, Marseille, France
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23
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Dawood A, Alkafrawy N, Saleh S, Noreldin R, Zewain S. The relationship between IL-18 and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in Egyptian lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:294-297. [PMID: 29105530 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1395835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The evidence in support of low-grade inflammation in PCOS as an etiology is emerging. Inflammation is likely to be associated with other prominent aspects of PCOS including insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is considered as a strong marker of inflammation. OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the relation between serum IL-18 and atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk in Egyptian lean females with PCO. METHODS This study included control group of healthy lean normally menstruating females, lean PCOS group (BMI < 25 kg/m2), and obese PCOS group (BMI > 25 kg/m2) presented with infertility and diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria. Measurements of serum lipid profile, IR, and IL-18 were done. RESULTS Lipid accumulation product (LAP), IR and ASCVD risk were significantly higher in PCOS patients (lean and obese) compared to controls and in obese compared to lean. Serum IL-18 was significantly higher in the PCOV groups compared to the controls and correlated directly with LAP, IR and ASCVD risk. CONCLUSION IL-18 is elevated in PCOS patients even in lean ones and is correlated with IR and ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Dawood
- a Internal Medicine , Menoufia University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Nabil Alkafrawy
- a Internal Medicine , Menoufia University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Said Saleh
- b Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine-Menoufia University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Rasha Noreldin
- c Clinical Pathology , Menoufia University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Shimaa Zewain
- a Internal Medicine , Menoufia University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
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24
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Wang Q, Wang H, Wang J, Venugopal J, Kleiman K, Guo C, Sun Y, Eitzman DT. Angiotensin II-induced Hypertension is Reduced by Deficiency of P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3223. [PMID: 29459637 PMCID: PMC5818646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of inflammatory mediators that regulate the vascular response to vasopressor molecules may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat or prevent hypertensive vascular diseases. Leukocytes have recently been shown to be capable of modifying blood pressure responses to vasopressor molecules. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that deficiency of the leukocyte ligand, Psgl-1, would reduce the pressor response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Mice deficient in Psgl-1 (Psgl-1−/−) along with wild-type (WT) controls were treated for 2 weeks with a continuous infusion of Ang II. No differences in blood pressure between the groups were noted at baseline, however after 5 days of Ang II infusion, systolic blood pressures were higher in WT compared to Psgl-1−/− mice. The pressor response to acute administration of high dose Ang II was also attenuated in Psgl-1−/− compared to WT mice. Chimeric mice with hematopoietic deficiency of Psgl-1 similarly showed a reduced pressor response to Ang II. This effect was associated with reduced plasma interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in Psgl-1−/− mice and the reduced pressor response was restored by administration of recombinant IL-17. In conclusion, hematopoietic deficiency of Psgl-1 attenuates Ang II-induced hypertension, an effect that may be mediated by reduced IL-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica Venugopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle Kleiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chiao Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daniel T Eitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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25
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Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology because the IL-1 family and Toll-like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is primarily associated with innate immunity. More than 95% of living organisms use innate immune mechanisms for survival whereas less than 5% depend on T- and B-cell functions. Innate immunity is manifested by inflammation, which can function as a mechanism of host defense but when uncontrolled is detrimental to survival. Each member of the IL-1 receptor and TLR family contains the cytoplasmic Toll-IL-1-Receptor (TIR) domain. The 50 amino acid TIR domains are highly homologous with the Toll protein in Drosophila. The TIR domain is nearly the same and present in each TLR and each IL-1 receptor family. Whereas IL-1 family cytokine members trigger innate inflammation via IL-1 family of receptors, TLRs trigger inflammation via bacteria, microbial products, viruses, nucleic acids, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In fact, IL-1 family member IL-1a and IL-33 also function as DAMPs. Although the inflammatory properties of the IL-1 family dominate in innate immunity, IL-1 family member can play a role in acquired immunity. This overview is a condensed update of the IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Mir M, Rostami A, Hormozi M. Comparison of serum levels of IL-18 in peripheral blood of patients with type II diabetes with nephropathy clinical protests and patients with type II diabetes without nephropathy clinical protests. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11:245-250. [PMID: 27663212 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted from mononuclear cells. Serum concentration of IL-18 is a strong predictor of death in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that microinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy as well as of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the serum level of IL-18 is a common predictor of nephropathy and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 69 diabetic patient that have documented file in two centers (Ali asghar hospital and dialysis center of Imam ali hospital) had selected. 32 patients with type 2 nephropathic diabetes and 37 age- and sex-matched control subjects with type 2 diabetes that haven't any sign and symptom of nephropathy were enrolled.then take 5 ml blood from peripheral veins. Patients with positive CRP were excluded(2 patients in control group and 1 patient in case group). We assessed measured serum IL-18 levels in all patients. FINDINGS Serum IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy as compared with control subjects (serum IL-18 261.29±20.25 vs. 167.20±13.48 pg/ml, P<0.001. the all patients in case control have upper level of serum IL-18 vs the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of IL-18 in nephropathic patient significantly rise and Serum levels of IL-18 might be a predictor factor of progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mir
- Shahid Beheti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Rostami
- Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - M Hormozi
- Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
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27
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Matta B, Song S, Li D, Barnes BJ. Interferon regulatory factor signaling in autoimmune disease. Cytokine 2017; 98:15-26. [PMID: 28283223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play critical roles in pathogen-induced innate immune responses and the subsequent induction of adaptive immune response. Dysregulation of IRF signaling is therefore thought to contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Indeed, numerous murine in vivo studies have documented protection from or enhanced susceptibility to particular autoimmune diseases in Irf-deficient mice. What has been lacking, however, is replication of these in vivo observations in primary immune cells from patients with autoimmune disease. These types of studies are essential as the majority of in vivo data support a protective role for IRFs in Irf-deficient mice, yet IRFs are often found to be overexpressed in patient immune cells. A significant body of work is beginning to emerge from both of these areas of study - mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Matta
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Su Song
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States.
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28
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Bhat OM, Uday Kumar P, Harishankar N, Ravichandaran L, Bhatia A, Dhawan V. Interleukin-18-induced cell adhesion molecule expression is associated with feedback regulation by PPAR-γ and NF-κB in Apo E-/- mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 428:119-128. [PMID: 28176248 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Focal recruitment of monocytes and lymphocytes is one of the earliest detectable cellular responses in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Endothelium may regulate leukocyte recruitment by expressing specific adhesion molecules. Interleukin-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in vascular pathologies. The present study highlights the modulation of adhesion molecules and PPAR-γ by IL-18 and proposes a novel feedback mechanism by which PPAR-γ may regulate IL-18 expression. Three groups of normal chow diet-fed, male Apo E-/- mice, aged 12 weeks (n = 6/group) were employed: Gp I, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (2 mo): Gp II, recombinant IL-18 (rIL-18) (1 mo) followed by PBS (1 mo); Gp III, rIL-18 (1 mo) followed by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (1 mo). Significantly augmented mRNA expression of ICAM-1 (~5.7-fold), VCAM-1 (~3.6-fold), and NF-κB (~7-fold) was observed in Gp II mice as compared to Gp I, whereas PPAR-γ expression was not altered. PDTC treatment caused a significant downregulation of ICAM-1 (~4.2-fold), VCAM-1(~2-fold), and NF-κB (~4.5-fold) and upregulation of PPAR-γ expression (~5-fold) in Gp III mice. A similar trend was observed in protein expression. In vivo imaging results demonstrated a marked increase in probe (CF750 dye conjugated to VCAM-1 antibody) fluorescence intensity for VCAM-1 expression in Gp II mice, whereas it was moderately decreased in Gp III. PPAR-γ was found to significantly downregulate both IL-18 levels and IL-18-induced adhesion molecules. The underlying mechanism was found to be via inhibition of NF-κB activity by PDTC, thereby leading to decreased adherence of monocytes to the activated endothelial cells and a step to halt the progression and development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais Mohammad Bhat
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Research Block-B, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Common Wealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - P Uday Kumar
- Department of Histopathology, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - N Harishankar
- Department of Histopathology, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - L Ravichandaran
- Department of Histopathology, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - A Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Research Block-B, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Research Block-B, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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29
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Borthwick LA. The IL-1 cytokine family and its role in inflammation and fibrosis in the lung. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:517-34. [PMID: 27001429 PMCID: PMC4896974 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The IL-1 cytokine family comprises 11 members (7 ligands with agonist activity, 3 receptor antagonists and 1 anti-inflammatory cytokine) and is recognised as a key mediator of inflammation and fibrosis in multiple tissues including the lung. IL-1 targeted therapies have been successfully employed to treat a range of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis. This review will introduce the members of the IL-1 cytokine family, briefly discuss the cellular origins and cellular targets and provide an overview of the role of these molecules in inflammation and fibrosis in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Borthwick
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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30
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VM M, AL S, AA A, AS Z, AV K, RS O, IM M, GA K. Circulating interleukin-18: Association with IL-8, IL-10 and VEGF serum levels in patients with and without heart rhythm disorders. Int J Cardiol 2016; 215:105-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Hegazy R, Salama A, Mansour D, Hassan A. Renoprotective Effect of Lactoferrin against Chromium-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats: Involvement of IL-18 and IGF-1 Inhibition. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151486. [PMID: 26990190 PMCID: PMC4798745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is a heavy metal widely used in more than 50 industries. Nephrotoxicity is a major adverse effect of chromium poisoning. The present study investigated the potential renoprotective effect of lactoferrin (Lf) against potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Beside, because previous studies suggest that interlukin-18 (IL-18) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) play important roles in promoting kidney damage, the present work aimed to evaluate the involvement of these two cytokines in PDC model of AKI and in the potential renoprotective effect of lactoferrin. Adult male albino Wistar rats were pretreated with Lf (200mg/kg/day, p.o.) or (300mg/kg/day, p.o.); the doses that are usually used in the experiment studies, for 14 days followed by a single dose of PDC (15mg/kg, s.c.). PDC caused significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, and total protein levels. This was accompanied with decreased renal glutathione content, and increased renal malondialdehyde, IL-18, IL-4, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), IGF-1, and the phosphorylated form of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) levels. Moreover, normal expression IFN-γ mRNA and enhanced expression of TNF-α mRNA was demonstrated in renal tissues. Histopathological investigations provoked deleterious changes in the renal tissues. Tubular epithelial hyperplasia and apoptosis were demonstrated immunohistochemically by positive proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bax, and Caspase-3 expression, respectively. Pretreatment of rats with Lf in both doses significantly corrected all previously mentioned PDC-induced changes with no significant difference between both doses. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrated the involvement of oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, tubular hyperplasia and apoptosis in PDC-induced AKI. It suggested a role of IL-18 through stimulation of IL-4-induced inflammatory pathway, and IGF-1 through triggering FoxO1-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, the study revealed that Lf protected the kidney against Cr-induced AKI in rats and significantly showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties with down-regulation of IL-18 and IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Hegazy
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina Mansour
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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32
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Elsherbiny NM, Al-Gayyar MMH. The role of IL-18 in type 1 diabetic nephropathy: The problem and future treatment. Cytokine 2016; 81:15-22. [PMID: 26836949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of diabetic nephropathy, a progressive increase in urinary albumin excretion coupled with elevated blood pressure leading to declined glomerular filtration and eventually end stage renal failure. There is growing evidence that activated inflammation is contributing factor to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Meanwhile, IL-18, a member of the IL-1 family of inflammatory cytokines, is involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the benefits derived from the current therapeutics for diabetic nephropathy strategies still provide imperfect protection against renal progression. This imperfection points to the need for newer therapeutic agents that have potential to affect primary mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, the recognition of IL-18 as significant pathogenic mediators in diabetic nephropathy leaves open the possibility of new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
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33
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O'Donohoe TJ, Schrale RG, Ketheesan N. The role of anti-myosin antibodies in perpetuating cardiac damage following myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2016; 209:226-33. [PMID: 26897075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvements in the medical and surgical management of myocardial infarction mean that many patients are now surviving with greater impairment of cardiac function. Despite appropriate management, some of these patients subsequently develop pathological ventricular remodelling, which compounds their contractile dysfunction and can lead to congestive cardiac failure (CCF). The pathophysiological mechanism underpinning this process remains incompletely understood. One hypothesis suggests that a post-infarction autoimmune response, directed against constituents of cardiac myocytes, including cardiac myosin, may make an important contribution. Our review summarises the current literature related to the formation and clinical relevance of anti-myosin antibodies (AMAs) in patients with myocardial infarction. This discussion is supplemented with reference to a number of important animal studies, which provide evidence of the potential mechanisms underlying AMA formation and autoantibody mediated cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J O'Donohoe
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Department of Cardiology, The Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Ryan G Schrale
- Department of Cardiology, The Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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34
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Londhe P, Guttridge DC. Inflammation induced loss of skeletal muscle. Bone 2015; 80:131-142. [PMID: 26453502 PMCID: PMC4600538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important contributor to the pathology of diseases implicated in skeletal muscle dysfunction. A number of diseases and disorders including inflammatory myopathies and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) are characterized by chronic inflammation or elevation of the inflammatory mediators. While these disease states exhibit different pathologies, all have in common the loss of skeletal muscle mass and a deregulated skeletal muscle physiology. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are key contributors to chronic inflammation found in many of these diseases. This section of the review focuses on some of the known inflammatory disorders like COPD, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and inflammatory myopathies that display skeletal muscle atrophy and also provides the reader an overview of the mediators of inflammation, their signaling pathways, and mechanisms of action. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Londhe
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Interleukin-18 expression increases in response to neurovascular damage following soman-induced status epilepticus in rats. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015. [PMID: 26203299 PMCID: PMC4510912 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Status epilepticus (SE) can cause neuronal cell death and impaired behavioral function. Acute exposure to potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as soman (GD) can cause prolonged SE activity, micro-hemorrhage and cell death in the hippocampus, thalamus and piriform cortex. Neuroinflammation is a prominent feature of brain injury with upregulation of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines including those of the IL-1 family. The highly pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines and can propagate neuroinflammation by promoting immune cell infiltration, leukocyte and lymphocyte activation, and angiogenesis and helps facilitate the transition from the innate to the adaptive immune response. The purpose of this study is to characterize the regional and temporal expression of IL −18 and related factors in the brain following SE in a rat GD seizure model followed by localization of IL-18 to specific cell types. Methods The protein levels of IL-18, vascular endothelial growth factor and interferon gamma was quantified in the lysates of injured brain regions up to 72 h following GD-induced SE onset using bead multiplex immunoassays. IL-18 was localized to various cell types using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, macrophage appearance scoring and T-cell quantification was determined using immunohistochemistry. Micro-hemorrhages were identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining of brain sections. Results Significant increases in IL-18 occurred in the piriform cortex, hippocampus and thalamus following SE. IL-18 was primarily expressed by endothelial cells and astrocytes associated with the damaged neurovascular unit. The increase in IL-18 was not related to macrophage accumulation, neutrophil infiltration or T-cell appearance in the injured tissue. Conclusions These data show that IL-18 is significantly upregulated following GD-induced SE and localized primarily to endothelial cells in damaged brain vasculature. IL-18 upregulation occurred following leukocyte/lymphocyte infiltration and in the absence of other IL-18-related cytokines, suggesting another function, potentially for angiogenesis related to GD-induced micro-hemorrhage formation. Further studies at more chronic time points may help to elucidate this function.
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Bhat OM, Kumar PU, Giridharan NV, Kaul D, Kumar MJM, Dhawan V. Interleukin-18-induced atherosclerosis involves CD36 and NF-κB crosstalk in Apo E-/- mice. J Cardiol 2014; 66:28-35. [PMID: 25475966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pleotropic cytokine involved in various inflammatory disorders. The transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), is thought to play an important role in IL-18 signaling. The present study proposes a novel role for IL-18 in cholesterol efflux and plaque stability and demonstrates that pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a NF-κB inhibitor blocks IL-18 signaling in apolipoprotein (Apo) E-/- mice. METHODS Three groups of normal chow-diet-fed, male Apo E-/- mice, aged 12 weeks (n=6/group) were employed: Gp I, PBS (2mo); Gp II, recombinant (r)IL-18 (1mo) followed by PBS (1mo); Gp III, rIL-18 (1mo) followed by PDTC (1mo). RESULTS Significantly augmented expression of IL-18 receptor (R)α by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and plasma IL-18 was observed in Gp II. There was a significant increase in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly decreased in Gp II. However, this pattern was reversed in Gp III. Significantly augmented mRNA expression of IL-18, CD36, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and NF-κB was observed in Gp II but liver X receptor alpha (LXR-α) gene was significantly reduced. A significant increase in frequency of atherosclerotic lesions was observed in Gp II animals, whereas there was a significant decrease in the Gp III. CONCLUSION IL-18 administration initiates inflammatory cascade by binding with IL-18 Rα via NF-κB which is involved in progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques in Apo E-/- mice. This study also reveals that NF-κB blockade with PDTC, blocks IL-18 signaling through down-regulation of IL-18, IL-18 Rα, CD36, and MMP-9, thus reducing inflammation and restoring plaque instability via upregulation of LXR-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais Mohammad Bhat
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - P Uday Kumar
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS), Hyderabad, Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - N V Giridharan
- Amrita School of Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Viswavidyapeedham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Deepak Kaul
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - M J Mahesh Kumar
- Animal House, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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Li Y, To K, Kanellakis P, Hosseini H, Deswaerte V, Tipping P, Smyth MJ, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. CD4+ natural killer T cells potently augment aortic root atherosclerosis by perforin- and granzyme B-dependent cytotoxicity. Circ Res 2014; 116:245-54. [PMID: 25398236 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE CD4(+) natural killer T (NKT) cells augment atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE)(-/-) mice but their mechanisms of action are unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated the roles of bystander T, B, and NK cells; NKT cell-derived interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-21 cytokines; and NKT cell-derived perforin and granzyme B cytotoxins in promoting CD4(+) NKT cell atherogenicity. METHODS AND RESULTS Transfer of CD4(+) NKT cells into T- and B-cell-deficient ApoE(-/-)Rag2(-/-) mice augmented aortic root atherosclerosis by ≈75% that was ≈30% of lesions in ApoE(-/-) mice; macrophage accumulation similarly increased. Transferred NKT cells were identified in the liver and atherosclerotic lesions of recipient mice. Transfer of CD4(+) NKT cells into T-, B-cell-deficient, and NK cell-deficient ApoE(-/-)Rag2(-/-)γC(-/-) mice also augmented atherosclerosis. These data indicate that CD4(+) NKT cells can exert proatherogenic effects independent of other lymphocytes. To investigate the role of NKT cell-derived interferon-γ, IL-4, and IL-21 cytokines and perforin and granzyme B cytotoxins, CD4(+) NKT cells from mice deficient in these molecules were transferred into NKT cell-deficient ApoE(-/-)Jα18(-/-) mice. CD4(+) NKT cells deficient in IL-4, interferon-γ, or IL-21 augmented atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-)Jα18(-/-) mice by ≈95%, ≈80%, and ≈70%, respectively. Transfer of CD4(+) NKT cells deficient in perforin or granzyme B failed to augment atherosclerosis. Apoptotic cells, necrotic cores, and proinflammatory VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule) and MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein) were reduced in mice receiving perforin-deficient NKT cells. CD4(+) NKT cells are twice as potent as CD4(+) T cells in promoting atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS CD4(+) NKT cells potently promote atherosclerosis by perforin and granzyme B-dependent apoptosis that increases postapoptotic necrosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.)
| | - Kelly To
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.)
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.)
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.)
| | - Virginie Deswaerte
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.)
| | - Peter Tipping
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.)
| | - Mark J Smyth
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.)
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.)
| | - Alexander Bobik
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.)
| | - Tin Kyaw
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.Y., K.T., P.K., H.H., V.D., A.B., T.K.); Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School (L.Y., K.T., P.T., B.-H.T., T.K.) and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.); and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia (M.J.S.).
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Association of interleukin-18 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in endemic area of Bihar, an Indian population. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:852104. [PMID: 25405235 PMCID: PMC4227453 DOI: 10.1155/2014/852104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a cytokine that mediates Th1 response by inducing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production in T cells and natural killer cells. Genetic polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene have been found to be associated with its expression in cancer, tuberculosis, HBV infection, and various other diseases. Lower plasma level of IL-18 in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients might be associated with polymorphisms in the regulating or coding region of the gene. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1946519 (−656 G/T) and rs187238 (−137 G/C) in the promoter region and rs549908 (+105 A/C) in the codon region, were genotyped in 204 parasitological confirmed VL patients and 267 controls with no past history of VL. For each locus, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction digestion was performed. IL-18 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from VL patients and controls was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Distribution of G allele at position −656 (P < 0.0001) and double haplotypes GGC/GGA (P = 0.05) were found to be significantly associated with controls while genotypes TT (P < 0.0001) and single haplotypes TGA (P = 0.0002), with cases. The inheritance of G allele at the position −656 might be considered as a protective allele for VL.
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Henan X, Toyota N, Yanjiang X, Fujita Y, Zhijun H, Touma M, Qiong W, Sugimoto K. Enhancement of phagocytosis and cytotoxicity in macrophages by tumor-derived IL-18 stimulation. BMB Rep 2014; 47:286-91. [PMID: 24286318 PMCID: PMC4163866 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.5.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inoculation of mice with the murine NFSA cell line caused the formation of large tumors with necrotic tumor cores. FACS analysis revealed accumulations of CD11b+ cells in the tumors. Microarray analysis indicated that the NFSA cells expressed a high level of the pro-inflammatory factor interleukin-18 (il-18), which is known to play a critical role in macrophages. However, little is known about the physiological function of IL-18-stimulated macrophages. Here, we provide direct evidence that IL-18 enhances the phagocytosis of RAW264 cells and peritoneal macrophages, accompanied by the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (tnf-α), interleukin-6 (il-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2). IL-18-stimulated RAW264 cells showed an enhanced cytotoxicity to endothelial F-2 cells via direct cell-to-cell interaction and the secretion of soluble mediators. Taken together, our results demonstrate that tumor-derived IL-18 plays an important role in the phagocytosis of macrophages and that IL-18-stimulated macrophages may damage tumor endothelial cells. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(5): 286-291]
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Henan
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Naoka Toyota
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Xing Yanjiang
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yuuki Fujita
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Huang Zhijun
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Maki Touma
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Wu Qiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kenkichi Sugimoto
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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Silvia A, Claudia M, Cristina B, Manuel SA, Rigillo G, Blom JMC, Nicoletta B, Bruno C, Carmine PM, Fabio T. Interleukin 18 activates MAPKs and STAT3 but not NF-κB in hippocampal HT-22 cells. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 40:85-94. [PMID: 24603356 PMCID: PMC6248908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a cytokine previously demonstrated to participate in neuroinflammatory processes. Since the components of the IL-18 receptor complex are expressed in neurons throughout the brain, IL-18 is also believed to directly influence neuronal function. Here we tested this hypothesis on mouse hippocampal neurons by measuring the effects of IL-18 on three pathways previously shown to be regulated by this cytokine in non-neuronal cells: the MAPK pathways, p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs, STAT3 and NF-κB. Experiments were carried out in vitro using the immortalized hippocampal neuronal line HT-22 or in vivo following i.c.v. injection with recombinant mouse IL-18. We showed that IL-18 did not activate NF-κB in HT-22 cells whereas it induced a rapid (within 15min) activation of the MAPK pathways. Moreover, we demonstrated that IL-18 treatment enhanced P-STAT3 (Tyr705)/STAT3 ratio in the nucleus of HT-22 cells after 30-60min of exposure. A similar increase in P-STAT3 (Tyr705)/STAT3 ratio was observed in the whole hippocampus one hour after i.c.v. injection. These data demonstrate that IL-18 can act directly on neuronal cells affecting the STAT3 pathway; therefore, possibly regulating the expression of specific genes within the hippocampus. This effect may help to explain some of the IL-18-induced effects on synaptic plasticity and functionality within the hippocampal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alboni Silvia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Montanari Claudia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Benatti Cristina
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sanchez-Alavez Manuel
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Giovanna Rigillo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Joan MC Blom
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Brunello Nicoletta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Conti Bruno
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Pariante M. Carmine
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tascedda Fabio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Zhou J, Ping FF, Lv WT, Feng JY, Shang J. Interleukin-18 directly protects cortical neurons by activating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/CREB pathways. Cytokine 2014; 69:29-38. [PMID: 25022959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, was initially identified as an interferon (IFN)-γ-inducing factor. IL-18 is expressed in both immune and non-immune cells and participates in the adjustment of multitude cellular functions. Nonetheless, the effects of IL-18 on cortical neurons have not been explored. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of IL-18 on rat primary cortical neurons and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We proved that rrIL-18 increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with rrIL-18 (50 ng/ml) deactivated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) by facilitating its phosphorylation, enhanced the expression of Phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K) and p-Akt, standing for the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. As its pivotal downstream pathways, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)/Bcl-2 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) were examined in further steps. Our data revealed that rrIL-18 stimulated NF-κB activation, improved p-CREB and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression levels. But rrIL-18 had little or no effect on GSK-3β pathway. Besides, rrIL-18 increased levels of BDNF and Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression to protect cortical neurons from damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). These results in vitro showed the protection of IL-18 on cortical neurons. And this direct neuroprotective effect of IL-18 is crippled by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Feng-feng Ping
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Wen-ting Lv
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Jun-yi Feng
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
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Turner CM, Arulkumaran N, Singer M, Unwin RJ, Tam FWK. Is the inflammasome a potential therapeutic target in renal disease? BMC Nephrol 2014; 15:21. [PMID: 24450291 PMCID: PMC3918225 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a large, multiprotein complex that drives proinflammatory cytokine production in response to infection and tissue injury. Pattern recognition receptors that are either membrane bound or cytoplasmic trigger inflammasome assembly. These receptors sense danger signals including damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS and PAMPS respectively). The best-characterized inflammasome is the NLRP3 inflammasome. On assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome, post-translational processing and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 occurs; in addition, cell death may be mediated via caspase-1. Intrinsic renal cells express components of the inflammasome pathway. This is most prominent in tubular epithelial cells and, to a lesser degree, in glomeruli. Several primary renal diseases and systemic diseases affecting the kidney are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β/IL-18 axis activation. Most of the disorders studied have been acute inflammatory diseases. The disease spectrum includes ureteric obstruction, ischaemia reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, sepsis, hypoxia, glycerol-induced renal failure, and crystal nephropathy. In addition to mediating renal disease, the IL-1/ IL-18 axis may also be responsible for development of CKD itself and its related complications, including vascular calcification and sepsis. Experimental models using genetic deletions and/or receptor antagonists/antiserum against the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway have shown decreased severity of disease. As such, the inflammasome is an attractive potential therapeutic target in a variety of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishkantha Arulkumaran
- Imperial College Kidney and Transplant Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Rodriguez-Menocal L, Faridi MH, Martinez L, Shehadeh LA, Duque JC, Wei Y, Mesa A, Pena A, Gupta V, Pham SM, Vazquez-Padron RI. Macrophage-derived IL-18 and increased fibrinogen deposition are age-related inflammatory signatures of vascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H641-53. [PMID: 24414074 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00641.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been associated with pathological vascular remodeling and increased neointimal hyperplasia. The understanding of how aging exacerbates this process is fundamental to prevent cardiovascular complications in the elderly. This study proposes a mechanism by which aging sustains leukocyte adhesion, vascular inflammation, and increased neointimal thickness after injury. The effect of aging on vascular remodeling was assessed in the rat balloon injury model using microarray analysis, immunohistochemistry, and LINCOplex assays. The injured arteries in aging rats developed thicker neointimas than those in younger animals, and this significantly correlated with a higher number of tissue macrophages and increased vascular IL-18. Indeed, IL-18 was 23-fold more abundant in the injured vasculature of aged animals compared with young rats, while circulating levels were similar in both groups of animals. The depletion of macrophages in aged rats with clodronate liposomes ameliorated vascular accumulation of IL-18 and significantly decreased neointimal formation. IL-18 was found to inhibit apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and macrophages, thus favoring both the formation and inflammation of the neointima. In addition, injured arteries of aged rats accumulated 18-fold more fibrinogen-γ than those of young animals. Incubation of rat peritoneal macrophages with immobilized IL-18 increased leukocyte adhesion to fibrinogen and suggested a proinflammatory positive feedback loop among macrophages, VSMC, and the deposition of fibrinogen during neointimal hyperplasia. In conclusion, our data reveal that concentration changes in vascular cytokine and fibrinogen following injury in aging rats contribute to local inflammation and postinjury neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodriguez-Menocal
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Abstract
Together with IL-12 or IL-15, interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a major role in the production of interferon-γ from T-cells and natural killer cells; thus, IL-18 is considered to have a major role in the Th1 response. However, without IL-12, IL-18 is proinflammatory in an IFNγ independent manner. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and similar to IL-1β, the cytokine is synthesized as an inactive precursor requiring processing by caspase-1 into an active cytokine. IL-18 is also present as an integral membrane protein but requires caspase-1 for full activity in order to induce IFNγ. Uniquely, unlike IL-1β, the IL-18 precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cells in healthy humans and animals. The activity of IL-18 is balanced by the presence of a high-affinity, naturally occurring IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). In humans, increased disease severity can be associated with an imbalance of IL-18 to IL-18BP such that the levels of free IL-18 are elevated in the circulation. Increasing number of studies have expanded the role of IL-18 in mediating inflammation in animal models of disease using the IL-18BP, IL-18 deficient mice, neutralization of IL-18 or deficiency in the IL-18 receptor alpha chain. A role for IL-18 has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, myocardial function, emphysema, metabolic syndromes, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, macrophage activation syndrome, sepsis and acute kidney injury, although paradoxically, in some models of disease, IL-18 is protective. The IL-18BP has been used safely in humans and clinical trials of IL-18BP as well as neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibodies are being tested in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Novick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- UMR-S1076, Aix Marseille Université, Campus Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Dinarello CA, Novick D, Kim S, Kaplanski G. Interleukin-18 and IL-18 binding protein. Front Immunol 2013; 4:289. [PMID: 24115947 PMCID: PMC3792554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. Similar to IL-1β, IL-18 is synthesized as an inactive precursor requiring processing by caspase-1 into an active cytokine but unlike IL-1β, the IL-18 precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cells in healthy humans and animals. The activity of IL-18 is balanced by the presence of a high affinity, naturally occurring IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). In humans, increased disease severity can be associated with an imbalance of IL-18 to IL-18BP such that the levels of free IL-18 are elevated in the circulation. Increasing number of studies have expanded the role of IL-18 in mediating inflammation in animal models of disease using the IL-18BP, IL-18-deficient mice, neutralization of IL-18, or deficiency in the IL-18 receptor alpha chain. A role for IL-18 has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, myocardial function, emphysema, metabolic syndromes, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, hemophagocytic syndromes, macrophage activation syndrome, sepsis, and acute kidney injury, although in some models of disease, IL-18 is protective. IL-18 plays a major role in the production of interferon-γ from T-cells and natural killer cells. The IL-18BP has been used safely in humans and clinical trials of IL-18BP as well as neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibodies are in clinical trials. This review updates the biology of IL-18 as well as its role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA ; Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen , Nijmegen , Netherlands
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Di Somma S, Pittoni V, Raffa S, Magrini L, Gagliano G, Marino R, Nobili V, Torrisi MR. IL-18 stimulates B-type natriuretic peptide synthesis by cardiomyocytes in vitro and its plasma levels correlate with B-type natriuretic peptide in non-overloaded acute heart failure patients. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2013; 6:450-461. [PMID: 24585936 DOI: 10.1177/2048872613499282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An altered IL-18 pathway in heart failure (HF) has recently been described and this cytokine was shown to be of clinical and prognostic utility. Cardiomyocytes are a target of this cytokine which exerts inflammatory, hypertrophic, and profibrotic activities. B-type natriuretic peptide is a cardiac hormone produced in response to cardiac filling to regulate cardiovascular homeostasis. The aim of the study was to verify the ability of IL-18 to induce B-type natriuretic peptide synthesis in vitro and to analyse the relationship between these two molecules in plasma in vivo from acute HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrated the ability of IL-18 to directly stimulate a murine cardiomyocyte cell line to express the B-type natriuretic peptide gene, synthesize the relative protein through a PI3K-AKT-dependent transduction, and induce a cell secretory phenotype with B-type natriuretic peptide release. A correlation between IL-18 and B-type natriuretic peptide plasma levels was found in non-overloaded acute HF patients, and in subgroups of acute HF patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. Acute HF patients with renal failure had significantly higher IL-18 plasma levels than patients without. IL-18 plasma levels were correlated with C-reactive protein plasma levels. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence of the ability of IL-18 to induce B-type natriuretic peptide synthesis in vitro and outlines the relationship between the two molecules in acute HF patients with an ongoing inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Di Somma
- 1 Emergency Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, II Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "LaSapienza" Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pittoni
- 1 Emergency Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, II Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "LaSapienza" Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Raffa
- 2 Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, II Faculty of Medicine and Psychology - "LaSapienza" Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Magrini
- 1 Emergency Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, II Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "LaSapienza" Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Gagliano
- 1 Emergency Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, II Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "LaSapienza" Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Marino
- 1 Emergency Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, II Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "LaSapienza" Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Nobili
- 2 Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, II Faculty of Medicine and Psychology - "LaSapienza" Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- 2 Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, II Faculty of Medicine and Psychology - "LaSapienza" Rome University, Rome, Italy
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Beclin 1 interactome controls the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy and inflammasome activation: impact on the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:520-34. [PMID: 23220384 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are crucial cellular housekeeping and tissue survival mechanisms. There is emerging evidence of important crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy which can be linked to inflammasome activation. Beclin 1 is a platform protein which assembles an interactome consisting of diverse proteins which control the initiation of autophagocytosis and distinct phases in endocytosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members can interact with Beclin 1 and inhibit autophagy. Consequently, impaired autophagy can trigger inflammasome activation. Interestingly, the hallmarks of the ageing process include a decline in autophagy, increased resistance to apoptosis and a low-grade inflammatory phenotype. Age-related stresses, e.g. genotoxic, metabolic and environmental insults, enhance the expression of NF-κB-driven anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins which repress the Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Suppression of autophagocytosis provokes inflammation including NF-κB activation which further potentiates anti-apoptotic defence. In a context-dependent manner, this feedback defence mechanism can enhance the aging process or provoke tumorigenesis or cellular senescence. We will review the role of Beclin 1 interactome in the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy and inflammasomes emphasizing that disturbances in Beclin 1-dependent autophagy can have a crucial impact on the aging process.
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Marotte H, Tsou PS, Rabquer BJ, Pinney AJ, Fedorova T, Lalwani N, Koch AE. Blocking of interferon regulatory factor 1 reduces tumor necrosis factor α-induced interleukin-18 bioactivity in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by induction of interleukin-18 binding protein a: role of the nuclear interferon regulatory factor 1-NF-κB-c-jun complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 63:3253-62. [PMID: 21834067 DOI: 10.1002/art.30583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced interleukin-18 binding protein a (IL-18BPa) expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). METHODS TNFα-induced IRF-1 expression was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The effect of TNFα on IRF-1 was assessed using nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts, Western blots, and immunofluorescence. Chemical inhibitors of NF-κB or MAP kinases were used to analyze the signaling pathways of TNFα-induced IRF-1 expression and IRF-1 nuclear translocation. Control and IRF-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to analyze the effect of IRF-1 down-regulation on TNFα-induced IL-18BP expression. IL-18BPa expression was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-18 was assessed at the transcription and bioactivity levels using KG-1 cells. RESULTS TNFα induced RASF IRF-1 expression at the messenger RNA and protein levels, with a maximal effect at 2 hours (P < 0.05; n ≥ 3). Furthermore, TNFα induced nuclear translocation of IRF-1, with maximal translocation at 2 hours (∼6 fold-induction) (P < 0.05; n = 4). Blocking of the NF-κB or JNK-2 pathways reduced TNFα-induced IRF-1 nuclear translocation by 35% and 50%, respectively (P < 0.05; n ≥ 4). Using siRNA to knock down IRF-1, we observed reduced IL-18BPa expression. Additionally, IL-18 bioactivity was higher when siRNA was used to knock down IRF-1 expression. CONCLUSION These results show that IRF-1 is a key regulator of IL-18BPa expression and IL-18 bioactivity in RASFs. Regulation of IRF-1 will be a new therapeutic target in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Marotte
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Moravej A, Rasouli M, Asaei S, Kalani M, Mansoori Y. Association of interleukin-18 gene variants with susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian population. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:4009-14. [PMID: 23269628 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moravej
- Department of Immunology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Fars, Iran
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Zhou J, Shang J, Song J, Ping F. Interleukin-18 augments growth ability of primary human melanocytes by PTEN inactivation through the AKT/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012. [PMID: 23178856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Normal human skin relies on melanocytes to provide photoprotection and thermoregulation by producing melanin. The growth and behavior of melanocytes are controlled by many factors. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is expressed in both immune and non-immune cells and participates in the adjustment of multitude cellular functions. Nonetheless, the regulative roles of IL-18 in melanogenesis and growth of melanocytes have not been explored. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of IL-18 on melanocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We proved that IL-18 increased the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in normal human foreskin-derived epidermal melanocytes (NHEM). Treatment with IL-18 (20 ng/ml) enhanced the expression of c-Kit, microphtalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2. In addition, IL-18 induced NHEM migration at concentration of 20 ng/ml. These results indicated a promotive action of IL-18 on melanogenesis in NHEM. Our data revealed that IL-18 stimulated ERK1/2 and NF-κB activation, improved p-Akt, p70 S6K and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels, and deactivated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in NHEM. Besides, IL-18 increased level of PTEN phosphorylation to protect NHEM from damage induced by H(2)O(2). These results in vitro showed the accommodation of IL-18 in melanocytes growth. Therefore, we suggested an important regulating action of IL-18 to melanogenesis and cell growth ability of skin melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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