1
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Anderson ME, Wind EJ, Robison LS. Exploring the neuroprotective role of physical activity in cerebral small vessel disease. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148884. [PMID: 38527712 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a common neurological finding characterized by abnormalities of the small blood vessels in the brain. Previous research has established a strong connection between cSVD and stroke, as well as neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. As the search for effective interventions continues, physical activity (PA) has emerged as a potential preventative and therapeutic avenue. This review synthesizes the human and animal literature on the influence of PA on cSVD, highlighting the importance of determining optimal exercise protocols, considering aspects such as intensity, duration, timing, and exercise type. Furthermore, the necessity of widening the age bracket in research samples is discussed, ensuring a holistic understanding of the interventions across varying pathological stages of the disease. The review also suggests the potential of exploring diverse biomarkers and risk profiles associated with clinically significant outcomes. Moreover, we review findings demonstrating the beneficial effects of PA in various rodent models of cSVD, which have uncovered numerous mechanisms of neuroprotection, including increases in neuroplasticity and integrity of the vasculature and white matter; decreases in inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction; and alterations in amyloid processing and neurotransmitter signaling. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of physical activity as a preventive strategy for addressing cSVD, offering insights into the need for refining exercise parameters, diversifying research populations, and exploring novel biomarkers, while shedding light on the intricate mechanisms through which exercise confers neuroprotection in both humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Family, and Justice Studies, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Ave, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Eleanor J Wind
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Lisa S Robison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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2
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Roldán-Martín L, Sodupe M, Maréchal JD. Computational Study of Amyloidβ 42 Familial Mutations and Metal Interaction: Impact on Monomers and Aggregates Dynamical Behaviors. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4725-4737. [PMID: 38408469 PMCID: PMC10934806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
One of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease is the formation of β-amyloid plaques, whose formation may be enhanced by metal binding or the appearance of familial mutations. In the present study, the simultaneous effect of familial mutations (E22Q, E22G, E22K, and D23N) and binding to metal ions (Cu(II) or Al(III)) is studied at the Aβ42 monomeric and fibrillar levels. With the application of GaMD and MD simulations, it is observed that the effects of metal binding and mutations differ in the monomeric and fibrillar forms. In the monomeric structures, without metal binding, all mutations reduce the amount of α-helix and increase, in some cases, the β-sheet content. In the presence of Cu(II) and Al(III) metal ions, the peptide becomes less flexible, and the β-sheet content decreases in favor of forming α-helix motifs that stabilize the system through interhelical contacts. Regarding the fibrillar structures, mutations decrease the opening of the fiber in the vertical axis, thereby stabilizing the S-shaped structure of the fiber. This effect is, in general, enhanced upon metal binding. These results may explain the different Aβ42 aggregation patterns observed in familial mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Roldán-Martín
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mariona Sodupe
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jean-Didier Maréchal
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
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3
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Stroo E, Janssen L, Sin O, Hogewerf W, Koster M, Harkema L, Youssef SA, Beschorner N, Wolters AH, Bakker B, Becker L, Garrett L, Marschall S, Hoelter SM, Wurst W, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hrabe de Angelis M, Thathiah A, Foijer F, van de Sluis B, van Deursen J, Jucker M, de Bruin A, Nollen EA. Deletion of SERF2 in mice delays embryonic development and alters amyloid deposit structure in the brain. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201730. [PMID: 37130781 PMCID: PMC10155860 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In age-related neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, disease-specific proteins become aggregation-prone and form amyloid-like deposits. Depletion of SERF proteins ameliorates this toxic process in worm and human cell models for diseases. Whether SERF modifies amyloid pathology in mammalian brain, however, has remained unknown. Here, we generated conditional Serf2 knockout mice and found that full-body deletion of Serf2 delayed embryonic development, causing premature birth and perinatal lethality. Brain-specific Serf2 knockout mice, on the other hand, were viable, and showed no major behavioral or cognitive abnormalities. In a mouse model for amyloid-β aggregation, brain depletion of Serf2 altered the binding of structure-specific amyloid dyes, previously used to distinguish amyloid polymorphisms in the human brain. These results suggest that Serf2 depletion changed the structure of amyloid deposits, which was further supported by scanning transmission electron microscopy, but further study will be required to confirm this observation. Altogether, our data reveal the pleiotropic functions of SERF2 in embryonic development and in the brain and support the existence of modifying factors of amyloid deposition in mammalian brain, which offer possibilities for polymorphism-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Stroo
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leen Janssen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Sin
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Wytse Hogewerf
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Koster
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Harkema
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Beschorner
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anouk Hg Wolters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lilian Garrett
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hoelter
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amantha Thathiah
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Aa Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Schilling S, Pradhan A, Heesch A, Helbig A, Blennow K, Koch C, Bertgen L, Koo EH, Brinkmalm G, Zetterberg H, Kins S, Eggert S. Differential effects of familial Alzheimer's disease-causing mutations on amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking, proteolytic conversion, and synaptogenic activity. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:87. [PMID: 37259128 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key player in Alzheimer`s disease (AD) and the precursor of the Aβ peptide, which is generated by consecutive cleavages of β- and γ-secretases. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) describes a hereditary subgroup of AD that represents a low percentage of AD cases with an early onset of the disease. Different APP FAD mutations are thought to have qualitatively different effects on its proteolytic conversion. However, few studies have explored the pathogenic and putative physiological differences in more detail. Here, we compared different FAD mutations, located at the β- (Swedish), α- (Flemish, Arctic, Iowa) or γ-secretase (Iberian) cleavage sites. We examined heterologous expression of APP WT and FAD mutants in non-neuronal cells and their impact on presynaptic differentiation in contacting axons of co-cultured neurons. To decipher the underlying molecular mechanism, we tested the subcellular localization, the endocytosis rate and the proteolytic processing in detail by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry. Interestingly, we found that only the Iberian mutation showed altered synaptogenic function. Furthermore, the APP Iowa mutant shows significantly decreased α-secretase processing which is in line with our results that APP carrying the Iowa mutation was significantly increased in early endosomes. However, most interestingly, immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the amino acid substitutions of APP FAD mutants have a decisive impact on their processing reflected in altered Aβ profiles. Importantly, N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides starting at position 5 were detected preferentially for APP Flemish, Arctic, and Iowa mutants containing amino acid substitutions around the α-secretase cleavage site. The strongest change in the ratio of Aβ40/Aβ42 was observed for the Iberian mutation while APP Swedish showed a substantial increase in Aβ1-17 peptides. Together, our data indicate that familial AD mutations located at the α-, β-, and γ-secretase cleavage sites show considerable differences in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schilling
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Amelie Heesch
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andrea Helbig
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christian Koch
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lea Bertgen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Edward H Koo
- San Diego (UCSD), Department of Neuroscience, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0662, USA
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City-Campus, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Ambi A, Stanisavljevic A, Victor TW, Lowery AW, Davis J, Van Nostrand WE, Miller LM. Evaluation of Copper Chelation Therapy in a Transgenic Rat Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:378-388. [PMID: 36651175 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the accumulation of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein in blood vessels and leads to hemorrhages, strokes, and dementia in elderly individuals. Recent reports have shown elevated copper levels colocalized with vascular amyloid in human CAA and Alzheimer's disease patients, which have been suggested to contribute to cytotoxicity through the formation of reactive oxygen species. Here, we treated a transgenic rat model of CAA (rTg-DI) with the copper-specific chelator, tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), via intraperitoneal (IP) administration for 6 months to determine if it could lower copper content in vascular amyloid deposits and modify CAA pathology. Results showed that TTM treatment led to elevated Aβ load in the hippocampus of the rTg-DI rats and increased microbleeds in the wild type (WT) animals. X-ray fluorescence microscopy was performed to image the distribution of copper and revealed a surprising increase in copper colocalized with Aβ aggregates in TTM-treated rTg-DI rats. Unexpectedly, we also found an increase in the copper content in unaffected vessels of both rTg-DI and WT animals. These results show that IP administration of TTM was ineffective in removing copper from vascular Aβ aggregates in vivo and increased the development of disease pathology in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ambi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Aleksandra Stanisavljevic
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States.,Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Tiffany W Victor
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Adam W Lowery
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Judianne Davis
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States.,Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States.,Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Lisa M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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6
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Daoutsali E, Pepers BA, Stamatakis S, van der Graaf LM, Terwindt GM, Parfitt DA, Buijsen RAM, van Roon-Mom WMC. Amyloid beta accumulations and enhanced neuronal differentiation in cerebral organoids of Dutch-type cerebral amyloid angiopathy patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1048584. [PMID: 36733499 PMCID: PMC9887998 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction ADutch-type cerebral amyloid angiopathy (D-CAA) is a hereditary brain disorder caused by a point mutation in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. The mutation is located within the amyloid beta (Aβ) domain of APP and leads to Aβ peptide accumulation in and around the cerebral vasculature. There lack of disease models to study the cellular and molecular pathological mechanisms of D-CAA together with the absence of a disease phenotype in vitro in overexpression cell models, as well as the limited availability of D-CAA animal models indicates the need for a D-CAA patient-derived model. Methods We generated cerebral organoids from four D-CAA patients and four controls, cultured them up to 110 days and performed immunofluorescent and targeted gene expression analyses at two time points (D52 and D110). Results D-CAA cerebral organoids exhibited Aβ accumulations, showed enhanced neuronal and astrocytic gene expression and TGFβ pathway de-regulation. Conclusions These results illustrate the potential of cerebral organoids as in vitro disease model of D-CAA that can be used to understand disease mechanisms of D-CAA and can serve as therapeutic intervention platform for various Aβ-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Daoutsali
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Willeke M. C. van Roon-Mom, ; Elena Daoutsali,
| | - Barry A. Pepers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stavros Stamatakis
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Gisela M. Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - David A. Parfitt
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ronald A. M. Buijsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Willeke M. C. van Roon-Mom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Willeke M. C. van Roon-Mom, ; Elena Daoutsali,
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7
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Significance of native PLGA nanoparticles in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:506-525. [PMID: 36330076 PMCID: PMC9614411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to be triggered by increased levels/aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. At present, there is no effective disease-modifying treatment for AD. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of FDA-approved native poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles on Aβ aggregation and in cellular/animal models of AD. Our results showed that native PLGA can not only suppress the spontaneous aggregation but can also trigger disassembly of preformed Aβ aggregates. Spectroscopic studies, molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical analyses revealed that PLGA, by interacting with the hydrophobic domain of Aβ1-42, prevents a conformational shift towards the β-sheet structure, thus precluding the formation and/or triggering disassembly of Aβ aggregates. PLGA-treated Aβ samples can enhance neuronal viability by reducing phosphorylation of tau protein and its associated signaling mechanisms. Administration of PLGA can interact with Aβ aggregates and attenuate memory deficits as well as Aβ levels/deposits in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. PLGA can also protect iPSC-derived neurons from AD patients against Aβ toxicity by decreasing tau phosphorylation. These findings provide unambiguous evidence that native PLGA, by targeting different facets of the Aβ axis, can have beneficial effects in mouse neurons/animal models as well as on iPSC-derived AD neurons - thus signifying its unique therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD pathology. PLGA nanoparticles by interacting with hydrophobic domain inhibit Aβ aggregation. PLGA-mediated inhibition of Aβ aggregation can increase viability of mouse neurons. PLGA administration can attenuate cognitive deficits/pathology in 5xFAD AD mouse model. PLGA can protect iPSC-derived neurons from AD patients against Aβ toxicity.
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8
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Lu Y, Salsbury F, Derreumaux P. Impact of A2T and D23N mutations on C99 homodimer conformations. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:085102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic cleavage of C99 by γ-secretase is the last step in the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Previous studies have shown that membrane lipid composition, cholesterol concentration, and mutation in the transmembrane helix modified the structures and fluctuations of C99. In this study, we performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the homodimer of the 55-residue congener of the C-terminal domain of the amyloid protein precursor, C99(1-55), in a POPC-cholesterol lipid bilayer, and we compared the conformational ensemble of WT sequence to those of the A2T and D23N variants. These mutations are particularly interesting as the protective Alzheimer's disease (AD) A2T mutation is known to decrease Aβ production, whereas the early onset AD D23N mutation does not affect Aβ production. We found noticeable differences in the structural ensembles of the three sequences. In particular, A2T varies from both WT and D23N by having long-range effects on the population of the extracellular justamembrane helix, the interface between the G29xxx-G33xxx-G37 motifs and the fluctuations of the transmembrane helical topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, China
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9
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Wilson Alphonse CR, Rajesh Kannan R, Nagarajan N. PITRM1 interaction studies with amyloidogenic nonapeptide mutants of familial Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35751131 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (ABP) is found to be the major cause for the development of neurodegeneration which leads to Alzheimer's. The Aβ nonapeptide segment, QKLVFFAED (amino acids 15-23) is the highly amyloidogenic central region of Aβ. Familial mutation in Aβ increases the aggregation property of the peptide compared to the Native (Wild) amyloid-beta (Aβ) and these mutations fall on the Aβ nonapeptide segment. The catalytic activity of pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1(PITRM1) with familial mutant Aβ (Flemish, Arctic, Dutch, Italian and Iowa) during interaction is examined using molecular dynamic simulation. The molecular dynamics simulation of PITRM1 and the Aβ nonapeptide segment showed similar RMSD with respect to stability. The active site amino acid (AA) H108, hydrophobic pocket AA residues L111, F123, F124, and L127 and the basic pocket AA residues R888 and H896 showed similar interactions with both wild and familial Aβ. The molecular level interaction between amyloid beta and PITRM1 were similar in the wild and familial mutants except for the Arctic mutant. The hydrophobic interaction was commonly observed between the S1 hydrophobic pocket and the LVFF region, the Arctic mutant showed less hydrogen bond formation consistently when compared to other complexes. This molecular information on catalytic activity suggests that modulating inactive PITRM1 or an increase in expression of PITRM1 can help in eliminating different kinds of familial mutant Aβ in neurodegenerative cells.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton Ranjith Wilson Alphonse
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagasundaram Nagarajan
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Rajpoot J, Crooks EJ, Irizarry BA, Amundson A, Van Nostrand WE, Smith SO. Insights into Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Type 1 and Type 2 from Comparisons of the Fibrillar Assembly and Stability of the Aβ40-Iowa and Aβ40-Dutch Peptides. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1181-1198. [PMID: 35666749 PMCID: PMC9219409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct diseases are associated with the deposition of fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the human brain in an age-dependent fashion. Alzheimer's disease is primarily associated with parenchymal plaque deposition of Aβ42, while cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with amyloid formation of predominantly Aβ40 in the cerebral vasculature. In addition, familial mutations at positions 22 and 23 of the Aβ sequence can enhance vascular deposition in the two major subtypes of CAA. The E22Q (Dutch) mutation is associated with CAA type 2, while the D23N (Iowa) mutation is associated with CAA type 1. Here we investigate differences in the formation and structure of fibrils of these mutant Aβ peptides in vitro to gain insights into their biochemical and physiological differences in the brain. Using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we measure the relative propensities of Aβ40-Dutch and Aβ40-Iowa to form antiparallel structure and compare these propensities to those of the wild-type Aβ40 and Aβ42 isoforms. We find that both Aβ40-Dutch and Aβ40-Iowa have strong propensities to form antiparallel β-hairpins in the first step of the fibrillization process. However, there is a marked difference in the ability of these peptides to form elongated antiparallel structures. Importantly, we find marked differences in the stability of the protofibril or fibril states formed by the four Aβ peptides. We discuss these differences with respect to the mechanisms of Aβ fibril formation in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitika Rajpoot
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Elliot J Crooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Brandon A Irizarry
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Ashley Amundson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | | | - Steven O Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
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11
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Liang R, Tian Y, Viles JH. Cross-seeding of WT amyloid-β with Arctic but not Italian familial mutants accelerates fibril formation in Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102071. [PMID: 35643314 PMCID: PMC9243174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves the neurotoxic self-assembly of a 40 and 42 residue peptide, Amyloid-β (Aβ). Inherited early-onset AD can be caused by single point mutations within the Aβ sequence, including Arctic (E22G) and Italian (E22K) familial mutants. These mutations are heterozygous, resulting in an equal proportion of the WT and mutant Aβ isoform expression. It is therefore important to understand how these mixtures of Aβ isoforms interact with each other and influence the kinetics and morphology of their assembly into oligomers and fibrils. Using small amounts of nucleating fibril seeds, here, we systematically monitored the kinetics of fibril formation, comparing self-seeding with cross-seeding behavior of a range of isoform mixtures of Aβ42 and Aβ40. We confirm that Aβ40(WT) does not readily cross-seed Aβ42(WT) fibril formation. In contrast, fibril formation of Aβ40(Arctic) is hugely accelerated by Aβ42(WT) fibrils, causing an eight-fold reduction in the lag-time to fibrillization. We propose that cross-seeding between the more abundant Aβ40(Arctic) and Aβ42(WT) may be important for driving early-onset AD and will propagate fibril morphology as indicated by fibril twist periodicity. This kinetic behavior is not emulated by the Italian mutant, where minimal cross-seeding is observed. In addition, we studied the cross-seeding behavior of a C-terminal-amidated Aβ42 analog to probe the coulombic charge interplay between Glu22/Asp23/Lys28 and the C-terminal carboxylate. Overall, these studies highlight the role of cross-seeding between WT and mutant Aβ40/42 isoforms, which can impact the rate and structure of fibril assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Liang
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John H Viles
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Xie H, Rojas A, Maisuradze GG, Khelashvili G. Mechanistic Kinetic Model Reveals How Amyloidogenic Hydrophobic Patches Facilitate the Amyloid-β Fibril Elongation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:987-1001. [PMID: 35258946 PMCID: PMC8986627 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides into fibrils plays a critical role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. A two-stage "dock-lock" model has been proposed for the Aβ fibril elongation process. However, the mechanisms of the Aβ monomer-fibril binding process have not been elucidated with the necessary molecular-level precision, so it remains unclear how the lock phase dynamics leads to the overall in-register binding of the Aβ monomer onto the fibril. To gain mechanistic insights into this critical step during the fibril elongation process, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a physics-based coarse-grained UNited-RESidue (UNRES) force field and sampled extensively the dynamics of the lock phase process, in which a fibril-bound Aβ(9-40) peptide rearranged to establish the native docking conformation. Analysis of the MD trajectories with Markov state models was used to quantify the kinetics of the rearrangement process and the most probable pathways leading to the overall native docking conformation of the incoming peptide. These revealed a key intermediate state in which an intra-monomer hairpin is formed between the central core amyloidogenic patch 18VFFA21 and the C-terminal hydrophobic patch 34LMVG37. This hairpin structure is highly favored as a transition state during the lock phase of the fibril elongation. We propose a molecular mechanism for facilitation of the Aβ fibril elongation by amyloidogenic hydrophobic patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Xie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ana Rojas
- Schrödinger, Inc., 1540 Broadway, 24th Floor, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Gia G. Maisuradze
- Baker Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - George Khelashvili
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
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13
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Stanisavljevic A, Schrader JM, Zhu X, Mattar JM, Hanks A, Xu F, Majchrzak M, Robinson JK, Van Nostrand WE. Impact of Non-pharmacological Chronic Hypertension on a Transgenic Rat Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811371. [PMID: 35368255 PMCID: PMC8964963 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a common comorbidity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) characterized by deposition of fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ) in blood vessels of the brain and promotes neuroinflammation and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Hypertension, a prominent non-amyloidal CSVD, has been found to increase risk of dementia, but clinical data regarding its effects in CAA patients is controversial. To understand the effects of hypertension on CAA, we bred rTg-DI transgenic rats, a model of CAA, with spontaneously hypertensive, stroke prone (SHR-SP) rats producing bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP and non-transgenic SHR-SP littermates. At 7 months (M) of age, cohorts of both rTg-DI/SHR-SP and SHR-SP littermates exhibit elevated systolic blood pressures. However, transgene human amyloid β-protein (Aβ) precursor and Aβ peptide levels, as well as behavioral testing showed no changes between bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP and rTg-DI rats. Subsequent cohorts of rats were aged further to 10 M where bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP and SHR-SP littermates exhibit elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Vascular amyloid load in hippocampus and thalamus was significantly decreased, whereas pial surface vessel amyloid increased, in bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats compared to rTg-DI rats suggesting a redistribution of vascular amyloid in bigenic animals. There was activation of both astrocytes and microglia in rTg-DI rats and bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats not observed in SHR-SP rats indicating that glial activation was likely in response to the presence of vascular amyloid. Thalamic microbleeds were present in both rTg-DI rats and bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats. Although the number of thalamic small vessel occlusions were not different between rTg-DI and bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats, a significant difference in occlusion size and distribution in the thalamus was found. Proteomic analysis of cortical tissue indicated that bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats largely adopt features of the rTg-DI rats with enhancement of certain changes. Our findings indicate that at 10 M of age non-pharmacological hypertension in rTg-DI rats causes a redistribution of vascular amyloid and significantly alters the size and distribution of thalamic occluded vessels. In addition, our findings indicate that bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats provide a non-pharmacological model to further study hypertension and CAA as co-morbidities for CSVD and VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stanisavljevic
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Joseph M. Schrader
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Mattar
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Ashley Hanks
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Mark Majchrzak
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - John K. Robinson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - William E. Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: William E. Van Nostrand,
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Davis J, Xu F, Zhu X, Van Nostrand WE. rTg-D: A novel transgenic rat model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy Type-2. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 3:100133. [PMID: 36324401 PMCID: PMC9616389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is common disorder of the elderly, a prominent comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease, and causes vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Previously, we generated a transgenic rat model of capillary CAA type-1 that develops many pathological features of human disease. However, a complementary rat model of larger vessel CAA type-2 disease has been lacking. Methods A novel transgenic rat model (rTg-D) was generated that produces human familial CAA Dutch E22Q mutant amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in brain and develops larger vessel CAA type-2. Quantitative biochemical and pathological analyses were performed to characterize the progression of CAA and associated pathologies in aging rTg-D rats. Results rTg-D rats begin to accumulate Aβ in brain and develop varying levels of larger vessel CAA type-2, in the absence of capillary CAA type-1, starting around 18 months of age. Larger vessel CAA was mainly composed of the Aβ40 peptide and most prominent in surface leptomeningeal/pial vessels and arterioles of the cortex and thalamus. Cerebral microbleeds and small vessel occlusions were present mostly in the thalamic region of affected rTg-D rats. In contrast to capillary CAA type-1 the amyloid deposited within the walls of larger vessels of rTg-D rats did not promote perivascular astrocyte and microglial responses or accumulate the Aβ chaperone apolipoprotein E. Conclusion Although variable in severity, the rTg-D rats specifically develop larger vessel CAA type-2 that reflects many of the pathological features of human disease and provide a new model to investigate the pathogenesis of this condition.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- Amyloid β protein
- ApoE, Apolipoprotein E
- Aβ, Amyloid β-protein
- AβPP, Amyloid β-protein precursor
- CAA, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
- Dutch mutation
- GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- ICH, Intracerebral hemorrhage
- Iba-1, Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
- Microbleed
- Small vessel disease
- Transgenic rat
- VCID, Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia
- WT, Wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Judianne Davis
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - William E. Van Nostrand
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
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15
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Biffi A. Main features of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathies: A systematic review. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 3:100124. [PMID: 36324420 PMCID: PMC9616336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) is a major contributor to stroke risk, cognitive decline, as well as multiple neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric disturbances. Most CAA cases are sporadic, but many hereditary forms exist and present as familial monogenic disorders with early-onset hemorrhagic stroke and dementia. Hereditary CAA is usually characterized by earlier age at onset and more severe course when compared to sporadic CAA. Most forms of hereditary CAA are caused by APP mutations, leading to accumulation of amyloid beta in vascular deposits within the small vessels of the central nervous system. Cognitive decline is a common manifestation of hereditary CAA, either due to recurrent hemorrhagic stroke events or as chronic progression of small vessel vasculopathy. Recent studies highlighted increased risk for behavioral and psychiatric disorders among individuals affect by sporadic CAA, thus warranting similarly focused future investigations for hereditary CAA.
The term Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) refers to a group of neurovascular disorders characterized by amyloid deposition within the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical blood vessels of the brain, with specific predilection for arterioles, and (less often) capillaries and veins. Most CAA cases in the general population are sporadic in nature, and represent primarily an age-related condition affecting individuals in the fifth decade of life and beyond. Sporadic CAA is caused by deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), originating from proteolytic cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), within the walls of cerebral small caliber vessels. However, hereditary forms of CAA have also been described, generally presenting as rare familial disorder with monogenic (predominantly autosomal dominant) inheritance patterns. Hereditary CAA forms tend to affect younger individuals, and their course and clinical progression is more severe. Studies to date primarily focused on the vascular manifestations of sporadic and hereditary CAA, chiefly symptomatic lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH). However, in the past decade sporadic CAA has also been consistently linked to progressive neurocognitive, neurobehavioral, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. This systematic review focuses on the genetics, pathogenesis, neuroimaging, neuropathology, and clinical manifestations of hereditary CAA with specific emphasis on previously overlooked cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric symptoms.
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16
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Bulyáki É, Kun J, Molnár T, Papp A, Micsonai A, Vadászi H, Márialigeti B, Kovács AI, Gellén G, Yamaguchi K, Lin Y, So M, Józsi M, Schlosser G, Lee YH, Liliom K, Goto Y, Kardos J. Pathogenic D76N Variant of β 2-Microglobulin: Synergy of Diverse Effects in Both the Native and Amyloid States. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111197. [PMID: 34827190 PMCID: PMC8614874 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Elevated β2-microglobulin (β2m) serum levels cause serious complications in patients on long-term kidney dialysis by depositing in the form of amyloid fibrils in the osteoarticular system. Recently, a hereditary systemic amyloidosis was discovered, caused by a naturally occurring D76N β2m mutant exhibiting normal serum levels and a distinct, visceral deposition pattern. D76N β2m showed a structure remarkably similar to the wild-type (WT) protein, albeit with decreased thermodynamic stability and increased amyloidogenicity. Despite the extensive research, the molecular bases of the aberrant aggregation of β2m in vivo remains elusive. Here, using a variety of biophysical techniques, we investigated the role of the pathogenic D76N mutation in the amyloid formation of β2m by point mutations affecting the stabilizing ion-pairs of β2m. We found that, relative to WT β2m, the exceptional amyloidogenicity of the pathogenic D76N β2m variant is realized by the synergy of diverse effects of destabilized native structure, higher sensitivity to negatively charged amphiphilic molecules and polyphosphate, more effective fibril nucleation, higher conformational stability of fibrils, and elevated affinity for extracellular matrix proteins. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms might help to find target points for effective treatments against diseases associated with the deleterious aggregation of proteins. Abstract β2-microglobulin (β2m), the light chain of the MHC-I complex, is associated with dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA). Recently, a hereditary systemic amyloidosis was discovered, caused by a naturally occurring D76N β2m variant, which showed a structure remarkably similar to the wild-type (WT) protein, albeit with decreased thermodynamic stability and increased amyloidogenicity. Here, we investigated the role of the D76N mutation in the amyloid formation of β2m by point mutations affecting the Asp76-Lys41 ion-pair of WT β2m and the charge cluster on Asp38. Using a variety of biophysical techniques, we investigated the conformational stability and partial unfolding of the native state of the variants, as well as their amyloidogenic propensity and the stability of amyloid fibrils under various conditions. Furthermore, we studied the intermolecular interactions of WT and mutant proteins with various binding partners that might have in vivo relevance. We found that, relative to WT β2m, the exceptional amyloidogenicity of the pathogenic D76N β2m variant is realized by the deleterious synergy of diverse effects of destabilized native structure, higher sensitivity to negatively charged amphiphilic molecules (e.g., lipids) and polyphosphate, more effective fibril nucleation, higher conformational stability of fibrils, and elevated affinity for extracellular components, including extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bulyáki
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (É.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Judit Kun
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (É.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Tamás Molnár
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.M.); (B.M.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Alexandra Papp
- Complement Research Group, Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.P.); (M.J.)
| | - András Micsonai
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (É.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Henrietta Vadászi
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (É.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Borbála Márialigeti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.M.); (B.M.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Attila István Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.M.); (B.M.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Gabriella Gellén
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (G.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Masatomo So
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; or
| | - Mihály Józsi
- Complement Research Group, Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.P.); (M.J.)
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (G.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068, Korea
| | - Károly Liliom
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Yuji Goto
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.G.)
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; or
| | - József Kardos
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (É.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (H.V.)
- Correspondence:
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The role of the half-turn in determining structures of Alzheimer's Aβ wild-type and mutants. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107792. [PMID: 34481077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Half-turns are shown to be the main determinants of many experimental Alzheimer's Aβ fibril structures. Fibril structures contain three half-turn types, βαRβ, βαLβ and βεβ which each result in a ∼90° bend in a β-strand. It is shown that only these half-turns enable cross-β stacking and thus the right-angle fold seen in fibrils is an intrinsic feature of cross-β. Encoding a strand as a conformational sequence in β, αR, αL and ε(βL), pairwise combination rules for consecutive half-turns are used to decode this sequence to give the backbone path. This reveals how structures would be dramatically affected by a deletion. Using a wild-type Aβ(42) fibril structure and the pairwise combination rules, the Osaka deletion is predicted to result in exposure of surfaces that are mutually shielding from the solvent. Molecular dynamics simulations on an 11-mer β-sheet of Alzheimer's Aβ(40) of the Dutch (E22Q), Iowa (D23N), Arctic (E22G), and Osaka (E22Δ) mutants, show the crucial role glycine plays in the positioning of βαRβ half-turns. Their "in-phase" positions along the sequence in the wild-type, Dutch mutant and Iowa mutant means that the half-folds all fold to the same side creating the same closed structure. Their out-of-phase positions in Arctic and Osaka mutants creates a flatter structure in the former and an S-shape structure in the latter which, as predicted, exposes surfaces on the inside in the closed wild-type to the outside. This is consistent with the gain of interaction model and indicates how domain swapping might explain the Osaka mutant's unique properties.
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18
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Quintana DD, Anantula Y, Garcia JA, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Sarkar SN, Corbin DR, Brown CM, Simpkins JW. Microvascular degeneration occurs before plaque onset and progresses with age in 3xTg AD mice. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:115-128. [PMID: 34062487 PMCID: PMC9703920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease and vascular disease positively correlate with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although there is ostensible involvement of dysfunctional cerebrovasculature in AD pathophysiology, the characterization of the specific changes and development of vascular injury during AD remains unclear. In the present study, we established a time-course for the structural changes and degeneration of the angioarchitecture in AD. We used cerebrovascular corrosion cast and µCT imaging to evaluate the geometry, topology, and complexity of the angioarchitecture in the brain of wild type and 3xTg AD mice. We hypothesized that changes to the microvasculature occur early during the disease, and these early identifiable aberrations would be more prominent in the brain subregions implicated in the cognitive decline of AD. Whole-brain analysis of the angioarchitecture indicated early morphological abnormalities and degeneration of microvascular networks in 3xTg AD mice. Our analysis of the hippocampus and cortical subregions revealed microvascular degeneration with onset and progression that was subregion dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic D Quintana
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Yamini Anantula
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Jorge A Garcia
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Elizabeth B Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Saumyendra N Sarkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Deborah R Corbin
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Candice M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
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19
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Schrader JM, Xu F, Van Nostrand WE. Distinct brain regional proteome changes in the rTg-DI rat model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Neurochem 2021; 159:273-291. [PMID: 34218440 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a prevalent cerebral small vessel disease in the elderly and a common comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease, is characterized by cerebral vascular amyloid accumulation, cerebral infarction, microbleeds, and intracerebral hemorrhages and is a prominent contributor to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Here, we investigate proteome changes associated with specific pathological features in several brain regions of rTg-DI rats, a preclinical model of CAA. Whereas varying degrees of microvascular amyloid and associated neuroinflammation are found in several brain regions, the presence of microbleeds and occluded small vessels is largely restricted to the thalamic region of rTg-DI rats, indicating different levels of CAA and associated pathologies occur in distinct brain regions in this model. Here, using SWATHLC-MS/MS, we report specific proteomic analysis of isolated brain regions and employ pathway analysis to correlate regionally specific proteomic changes with uniquely implicated molecular pathways. Pathway analysis suggested common activation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), abnormal nervous system morphology, and neutrophil degranulation in all three regions. Activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was common to the hippocampus and thalamus, which share high CAA loads, while the thalamus, which uniquely exhibits thrombotic events, additionally displayed activation of thrombin and aggregation of blood cells. Thus, we present significant and new insight into the cerebral proteome changes found in distinct brain regions with differential CAA-related pathologies of rTg-DI rats and provide new information on potential pathogenic mechanisms associated with these regional disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Schrader
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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20
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Illes-Toth E, Meisl G, Rempel DL, Knowles TPJ, Gross ML. Pulsed Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Reveals Altered Structures and Mechanisms in the Aggregation of Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutants. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1972-1982. [PMID: 33988976 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the Amyloid Precursor Protein, from which the amyloid β peptide Aβ42 is cleaved, are associated with familial Alzheimer's disease. The disease-relevant familial mutations include the Arctic (E22G), Iowa (D23N), Italian (E22K), Dutch (E22Q), Japanese (D7N), English (D6R), and Flemish (A21G) variants. A detailed mechanistic understanding of the aggregation behavior of the mutant peptides at the residue level is, however, still lacking. We report here a study of the aggregation kinetics of these mutants in vitro by pulsed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to obtain a temporally and sequence resolved picture of their self-assembly. For all variants, HDX occurs to give a bimodal distribution representing two soluble classes of aggregates, one protected and one solvent-exposed. There is no evidence of other classes of structural intermediates within the detection limits of the HDX approach. The fractional changes in the bimodal exchange profiles for several regions of Aβ42 reveal that the central and C-terminal peptides gain protection upon fibril formation, whereas the N-terminal regions remain largely solvent-accessible. For these mutants, all peptide fragments follow the same kinetics, acquiring solvent protection at the same time, further supporting that there are no significant populations of intermediate species under our experimental conditions. The results demonstrate the potential of pulsed HDX-MS for resolving the region-specific aggregation behavior of Aβ42 isoforms in solution where X-ray crystallography and solid-state NMR (ssNMR) are challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Illes-Toth
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Chemistry, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Georg Meisl
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Don L. Rempel
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Chemistry, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Chemistry, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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21
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Anand BG, Wu Q, Karthivashan G, Shejale KP, Amidian S, Wille H, Kar S. Mimosine functionalized gold nanoparticles (Mimo-AuNPs) suppress β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal toxicity. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4491-4505. [PMID: 34027236 PMCID: PMC8131740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that increased level/aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides initiate neurodegeneration and subsequent development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, there is no effective treatment for AD. In this study, we reported the effects of gold nanoparticles surface-functionalized with a plant-based amino acid mimosine (Mimo-AuNPs), which is found to cross the blood-brain barrier, on the Aβ fibrillization process and toxicity. Thioflavin T kinetic assays, fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy data showed that Mimo-AuNPs were able to suppress the spontaneous and seed-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Spectroscopic studies, molecular docking and biochemical analyses further revealed that Mimo-AuNPs stabilize Aβ1-42 to remain in its monomeric state by interacting with the hydrophobic domain of Aβ1-42 (i.e., Lys16 to Ala21) there by preventing a conformational shift towards the β-sheet structure. Additionally, Mimo-AuNPs were found to trigger the disassembly of matured Aβ1-42 fibers and increased neuronal viability by reducing phosphorylation of tau protein and the production of oxyradicals. Collectively, these results reveal that the surface-functionalization of gold nanoparticles with mimosine can attenuate Aβ fibrillization and neuronal toxicity. Thus, we propose Mimo-AuNPs may be used as a potential treatment strategy towards AD-related pathologies. Mimosine functionalized with gold nanoparticles (Mimo-AuNPs) can cross blood-brain barrier. Mimo-AuNPs inhibit aggregation of Aβ peptides by interacting with its hydrophobic domain. Mimo-AuNPs can trigger disassembly of pre-aggregated Aβ fibers. Mimo-AuNPs can protect neurons against Aβ toxicity by attenuating intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibin G Anand
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Qi Wu
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Kiran P Shejale
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, India
| | - Sara Amidian
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Holger Wille
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Satyabrata Kar
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
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22
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Vijayan D, Chandra R. Amyloid Beta Hypothesis in Alzheimer's Disease: Major Culprits and Recent Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:148-166. [PMID: 31385768 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190806153206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia and has been a global concern for several years. Due to the multi-factorial nature of the disease, AD has become irreversible, fatal and imposes a tremendous socio-economic burden. Even though experimental medicines suggested moderate benefits, AD still lacks an effective treatment strategy for the management of symptoms or cure. Among the various hypotheses that describe development and progression of AD, the amyloid hypothesis has been a long-term adherent to the AD due to the involvement of various forms of Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the impairment of neuronal and cognitive functions. Hence, majority of the drug discovery approaches in the past have focused on the prevention of the accumulation of Aβ peptides. Currently, there are several agents in the phase III clinical trials that target Aβ or the various macromolecules triggering Aβ deposition. In this review, we present the state of the art knowledge on the functional aspects of the key players involved in the amyloid hypothesis. Furthermore, we also discuss anti-amyloid agents present in the Phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Vijayan
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Remya Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Thalassery Campus, Kannur University, Kerala Pin 670 661, India
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23
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Fu Z, Van Nostrand WE, Smith SO. Anti-Parallel β-Hairpin Structure in Soluble Aβ Oligomers of Aβ40-Dutch and Aβ40-Iowa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031225. [PMID: 33513738 PMCID: PMC7865275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are associated with two prominent diseases in the brain, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Aβ42 is the dominant component of cored parenchymal plaques associated with AD, while Aβ40 is the predominant component of vascular amyloid associated with CAA. There are familial CAA mutations at positions Glu22 and Asp23 that lead to aggressive Aβ aggregation, drive vascular amyloid deposition and result in degradation of vascular membranes. In this study, we compared the transition of the monomeric Aβ40-WT peptide into soluble oligomers and fibrils with the corresponding transitions of the Aβ40-Dutch (E22Q), Aβ40-Iowa (D23N) and Aβ40-Dutch, Iowa (E22Q, D23N) mutants. FTIR measurements show that in a fashion similar to Aβ40-WT, the familial CAA mutants form transient intermediates with anti-parallel β-structure. This structure appears before the formation of cross-β-sheet fibrils as determined by thioflavin T fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy and occurs when AFM images reveal the presence of soluble oligomers and protofibrils. Although the anti-parallel β-hairpin is a common intermediate on the pathway to Aβ fibrils for the four peptides studied, the rate of conversion to cross-β-sheet fibril structure differs for each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Fu
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - William E. Van Nostrand
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Steven O. Smith
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-631-632-1210
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24
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Raghavan SS, Iqbal S, Ayyadurai N, Gunasekaran K. Insights in the structural understanding of amyloidogenicity and mutation-led conformational dynamics of amyloid beta (Aβ) through molecular dynamics simulations and principal component analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:5577-5587. [PMID: 33438527 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1871955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal protein aggregation in the nervous tissue leads to several neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, accumulation of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is proposed to be an early important event in pathogenesis. Significant research efforts are devoted so as to understand the Aβ misfolding and aggregation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations complement experiments and provide structural information at the atomic level with dynamics without facing the same experimental limitations. Artificial missense mutations are employed experimentally and computationally for providing insights into the structure-function relationships of amyloid-β in relation to the pathologies of AD. Present work describes the MD simulations for 100 ns so as to probe the structural and conformational dynamics of Aβ1-42 assemblies and its mutants. Essential dynamics analysis with respect to conformational deviation of Cα was evaluated to identify the largest residual fluctuation of Cα. Conformational stability of all Aβ mutants was analyzed by computing RMSD, deciphering the convergence is reached in the last 20 ns in all replicas. To highlight the low frequency mode of motion corresponding to the highest amplitude, atomic displacements seen in trajectory, distance pair principal component analysis (dpPCA) was performed, which adumbrated mutations strongly affect the conformational dynamics of investigated model when compared with wild type. Dynamic cross correlation matrix (DCCM) also suggests the conserved interactions of wild Aβ and imply mutations in β3-β4 loop region induce deformity and residual fluctuations as observed from simulation. Present study indicate the mutational energy landscape which induces deformation leading to fibrillation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Srinivasa Raghavan
- Department of Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.,Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Division of Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Chennai, India
| | - Saleem Iqbal
- Department of Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.,Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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25
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Howe MD, McCullough LD, Urayama A. The Role of Basement Membranes in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:601320. [PMID: 33329053 PMCID: PMC7732667 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.601320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by cognitive decline in multiple domains, often leading to functional impairment in activities of daily living, disability, and death. The most common causes of age-related progressive dementia include Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), however, mixed disease pathologies commonly occur, as epitomized by a type of small vessel pathology called cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In CAA patients, the small vessels of the brain become hardened and vulnerable to rupture, leading to impaired neurovascular coupling, multiple microhemorrhage, microinfarction, neurological emergencies, and cognitive decline across multiple functional domains. While the pathogenesis of CAA is not well understood, it has long been thought to be initiated in thickened basement membrane (BM) segments, which contain abnormal protein deposits and amyloid-β (Aβ). Recent advances in our understanding of CAA pathogenesis link BM remodeling to functional impairment of perivascular transport pathways that are key to removing Aβ from the brain. Dysregulation of this process may drive CAA pathogenesis and provides an important link between vascular risk factors and disease phenotype. The present review summarizes how the structure and composition of the BM allows for perivascular transport pathways to operate in the healthy brain, and then outlines multiple mechanisms by which specific dementia risk factors may promote dysfunction of perivascular transport pathways and increase Aβ deposition during CAA pathogenesis. A better understanding of how BM remodeling alters perivascular transport could lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CAA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akihiko Urayama
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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26
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"A case report: Co-occurrence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and multiple sclerosis". Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102517. [PMID: 32977078 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a chronic pathological condition characterized by progressive accumulation of amyloid protein in the wall of cerebral blood vessels, both leptomeningeal and cortical. That may result in the development of such conditions as microaneurysms, hemorrhagic, ischaemic brain injury and contribute to cognitive impairment. We herein report a case of Iowa-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) mutation diagnosed with MS. The family of the reported patient had performed genetic testing due to the history of intracerebral hemorrhage. Sequence analysis of exon 17 of the APP gene showed the presence of the D694N g.275272 G > A (c.2080 G > A) mutation, which caused the substitution of aspartate for aspargine at position 694 of APP. Alike the discussed patient, this mutation has been found in other family members in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Contrary to the rest of the family, the reported patient has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis based on McDonald criteria. Recent studies shed light on the possible link between the APP accumulation and MS progression. It has been indicated that amyloid can prove a vital role in neuroimmunology, whereas the accumulation of APP in the CNS has been suggested to be a potential biomarker for the progression of MS. Moreover, the amyloid positron-emission tomography (amyloid-PET) has been demonstrated to serve as a diagnostic tool for establishing the degree of demyelination and remyelination in MS. Even though, one swallow does not make a summer, this finding would be another step forward in the understanding of pathological processes underlying the pathogenesis of MS.
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27
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Crooks EJ, Irizarry BA, Ziliox M, Kawakami T, Victor T, Xu F, Hojo H, Chiu K, Simmerling C, Van Nostrand WE, Smith SO, Miller LM. Copper stabilizes antiparallel β-sheet fibrils of the amyloid β40 (Aβ40)-Iowa variant. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8914-8927. [PMID: 32376688 PMCID: PMC7335782 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a vascular disorder that primarily involves deposition of the 40-residue-long β-amyloid peptide (Aβ40) in and along small blood vessels of the brain. CAA is often associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma enriched in the Aβ42 peptide. Several recent studies have suggested a structural origin that underlies the differences between the vascular amyloid deposits in CAA and the parenchymal plaques in AD. We previously have found that amyloid fibrils in vascular amyloid contain antiparallel β-sheet, whereas previous studies by other researchers have reported parallel β-sheet in fibrils from parenchymal amyloid. Using X-ray fluorescence microscopy, here we found that copper strongly co-localizes with vascular amyloid in human sporadic CAA and familial Iowa-type CAA brains compared with control brain blood vessels lacking amyloid deposits. We show that binding of Cu(II) ions to antiparallel fibrils can block the conversion of these fibrils to the more stable parallel, in-register conformation and enhances their ability to serve as templates for seeded growth. These results provide an explanation for how thermodynamically less stable antiparallel fibrils may form amyloid in or on cerebral vessels by using Cu(II) as a structural cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Crooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Brandon A Irizarry
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Martine Ziliox
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Toru Kawakami
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tiffany Victor
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kelley Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Simmerling
- Department of Chemistry, Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven O Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
| | - Lisa M Miller
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA; Department of Chemistry, Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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28
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Chernoff YO, Grizel AV, Rubel AA, Zelinsky AA, Chandramowlishwaran P, Chernova TA. Application of yeast to studying amyloid and prion diseases. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2020; 105:293-380. [PMID: 32560789 PMCID: PMC7527210 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are fibrous cross-β protein aggregates that are capable of proliferation via nucleated polymerization. Amyloid conformation likely represents an ancient protein fold and is linked to various biological or pathological manifestations. Self-perpetuating amyloid-based protein conformers provide a molecular basis for transmissible (infectious or heritable) protein isoforms, termed prions. Amyloids and prions, as well as other types of misfolded aggregated proteins are associated with a variety of devastating mammalian and human diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and transthyretinopathies. In yeast and fungi, amyloid-based prions control phenotypically detectable heritable traits. Simplicity of cultivation requirements and availability of powerful genetic approaches makes yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae an excellent model system for studying molecular and cellular mechanisms governing amyloid formation and propagation. Genetic techniques allowing for the expression of mammalian or human amyloidogenic and prionogenic proteins in yeast enable researchers to capitalize on yeast advantages for characterization of the properties of disease-related proteins. Chimeric constructs employing mammalian and human aggregation-prone proteins or domains, fused to fluorophores or to endogenous yeast proteins allow for cytological or phenotypic detection of disease-related protein aggregation in yeast cells. Yeast systems are amenable to high-throughput screening for antagonists of amyloid formation, propagation and/or toxicity. This review summarizes up to date achievements of yeast assays in application to studying mammalian and human disease-related aggregating proteins, and discusses both limitations and further perspectives of yeast-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury O Chernoff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anastasia V Grizel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Rubel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Andrew A Zelinsky
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana A Chernova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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29
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Dorsey MP, Nguelifack BM, Yates EA. Colorimetric Detection of Mutant β-Amyloid(1–40) Membrane-Active Aggregation with Biosensing Vesicles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4966-4977. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Dorsey
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 572M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Brice M. Nguelifack
- Department of Mathematics, United States Naval Academy, 572C Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Yates
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 572M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
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30
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Griner SL, Seidler P, Bowler J, Murray KA, Yang TP, Sahay S, Sawaya MR, Cascio D, Rodriguez JA, Philipp S, Sosna J, Glabe CG, Gonen T, Eisenberg DS. Structure-based inhibitors of amyloid beta core suggest a common interface with tau. eLife 2019; 8:46924. [PMID: 31612856 PMCID: PMC6850776 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is characterized by plaques of amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of tau. Aβ aggregation is thought to occur at early stages of the disease, and ultimately gives way to the formation of tau tangles which track with cognitive decline in humans. Here, we report the crystal structure of an Aβ core segment determined by MicroED and in it, note characteristics of both fibrillar and oligomeric structure. Using this structure, we designed peptide-based inhibitors that reduce Aβ aggregation and toxicity of already-aggregated species. Unexpectedly, we also found that these inhibitors reduce the efficiency of Aβ-mediated tau aggregation, and moreover reduce aggregation and self-seeding of tau fibrils. The ability of these inhibitors to interfere with both Aβ and tau seeds suggests these fibrils share a common epitope, and supports the hypothesis that cross-seeding is one mechanism by which amyloid is linked to tau aggregation and could promote cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Griner
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Paul Seidler
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jeannette Bowler
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kevin A Murray
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Tianxiao Peter Yang
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Shruti Sahay
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Duilio Cascio
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Stephan Philipp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Justyna Sosna
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Charles G Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, United States
| | - David S Eisenberg
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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31
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Owen MC, Gnutt D, Gao M, Wärmländer SKTS, Jarvet J, Gräslund A, Winter R, Ebbinghaus S, Strodel B. Effects of in vivo conditions on amyloid aggregation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3946-3996. [PMID: 31192324 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the grand challenges of biophysical chemistry is to understand the principles that govern protein misfolding and aggregation, which is a highly complex process that is sensitive to initial conditions, operates on a huge range of length- and timescales, and has products that range from protein dimers to macroscopic amyloid fibrils. Aberrant aggregation is associated with more than 25 diseases, which include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and type II diabetes. Amyloid aggregation has been extensively studied in the test tube, therefore under conditions that are far from physiological relevance. Hence, there is dire need to extend these investigations to in vivo conditions where amyloid formation is affected by a myriad of biochemical interactions. As a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, these interactions need to be understood in detail to develop novel therapeutic interventions, as millions of people globally suffer from neurodegenerative disorders and type II diabetes. The aim of this review is to document the progress in the research on amyloid formation from a physicochemical perspective with a special focus on the physiological factors influencing the aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide, the islet amyloid polypeptide, α-synuclein, and the hungingtin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Owen
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Gnutt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Lead Discovery Wuppertal, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mimi Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 42525 Jülich, Germany. and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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32
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Di Fede G, Giaccone G, Salmona M, Tagliavini F. Translational Research in Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1247-1259. [PMID: 29172000 PMCID: PMC5869996 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Translational neuroscience integrates the knowledge derived by basic neuroscience with the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools that may be applied to clinical practice in neurological diseases. This information can be used to improve clinical trial designs and outcomes that will accelerate drug development, and to discover novel biomarkers which can be efficiently employed to early recognize neurological disorders and provide information regarding the effects of drugs on the underlying disease biology. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and prion disease are two classes of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by incomplete knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying their occurrence and the lack of valid biomarkers and effective treatments. For these reasons, the design of therapies that prevent or delay the onset, slow the progression, or improve the symptoms associated to these disorders is urgently needed. During the last few decades, translational research provided a framework for advancing development of new diagnostic devices and promising disease-modifying therapies for patients with prion encephalopathies and AD. In this review, we provide present evidence of how supportive can be the translational approach to the study of dementias and show some results of our preclinical studies which have been translated to the clinical application following the ‘bed-to-bench-and-back’ research model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Fede
- IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
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33
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Auboyer L, Monzo C, Wallon D, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Gabelle A, Gazagne I, Cacheux V, Lehmann S, Crozet C. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) IRMBi002-A from an Alzheimer's disease patient carrying a D694N mutation in the APP gene. Stem Cell Res 2019; 37:101438. [PMID: 31004935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) were generated from skin fibroblasts obtained from a 58 year-old woman suffering from Alzheimer's disease and carrying a D694N mutation on Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Fibroblasts were reprogrammed into iPSC using the integration-free Sendai Virus which allows the expression of the Yamanaka factors. Verification of their pluripotency was achieved by demonstrating the expression of pluripotency markers and their differentiation potential into the three primary germ layers. The cells have the corresponding mutation and present a normal karyotype. The reported APP-D694N iPSC line may be used to model and study human AD pathology in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Auboyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, France
| | - C Monzo
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, France
| | - D Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Rovelet-Lecrux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Gabelle
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, France; Hopital St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, 80 rue augustin Fliche, 30295 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UM, 163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - I Gazagne
- Hopital St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, 80 rue augustin Fliche, 30295 Montpellier, France
| | - V Cacheux
- Hopital St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, 80 rue augustin Fliche, 30295 Montpellier, France
| | - S Lehmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, France; Hopital St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, 80 rue augustin Fliche, 30295 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UM, 163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - C Crozet
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, France; Hopital St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, 80 rue augustin Fliche, 30295 Montpellier, France.
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34
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Castro MA, Hadziselimovic A, Sanders CR. The vexing complexity of the amyloidogenic pathway. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1177-1193. [PMID: 30897251 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the amyloidogenic pathway in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly the common sporadic late onset forms of the disease, is controversial. To some degree, this is a consequence of the failure of drug and therapeutic antibody trials based either on targeting the proteases in this pathway or its amyloid end products. Here, we explore the formidable complexity of the biochemistry and cell biology associated with this pathway. For example, we review evidence that the immediate precursor of amyloid-β, the C99 domain of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), may itself be toxic. We also review important new results that appear to finally establish a direct genetic link between mutations in APP and the sporadic forms of AD. Based on the complexity of amyloidogenesis, it seems possible that a major contributor to the failure of related drug trials is that we have an incomplete understanding of this pathway and how it is linked to Alzheimer's pathogenesis. If so, this highlights a need for further characterization of this pathway, not its abandonment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Castro
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Arina Hadziselimovic
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
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35
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Bi C, Bi S, Li B. Processing of Mutant β-Amyloid Precursor Protein and the Clinicopathological Features of Familial Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:383-403. [PMID: 31011484 PMCID: PMC6457050 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial disease involving many pathological mechanisms. Nonetheless, single pathogenic mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin 1 or 2 can cause AD with almost all of the clinical and neuropathological features, and therefore, we believe an important mechanism of pathogenesis in AD could be revealed from examining pathogenic APP missense mutations. A comprehensive review of the literature, including clinical, neuropathological, cellular and animal model data, was conducted through PubMed and the databases of Alzforum mutations, HGMD, UniProt, and AD&FTDMDB. Pearson correlation analysis combining the clinical and neuropathological data and aspects of mutant APP processing in cellular models was performed. We find that an increase in Aβ42 has a significant positive correlation with the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and tends to cause an earlier age of AD onset, while an increase in Aβ40 significantly increases the age at death. The increase in the α-carboxyl terminal fragment (CTF) has a significantly negative correlation with the age of AD onset, and β-CTF has a similar effect without statistical significance. Animal models show that intracellular Aβ is critical for memory defects. Based on these results and the fact that amyloid plaque burden correlates much less well with cognitive impairment than do NFT counts, we propose a "snowball hypothesis": the accumulation of intraneuronal NFTs caused by extracellular Aβ42 and the increase in intraneuronal APP proteolytic products (CTFs and Aβs) could cause cellular organelle stress that leads to neurodegeneration in AD, which then resembles the formation of abnormal protein "snowballs" both inside and outside of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bi
- Washington Institute for Health Sciences, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Stephanie Bi
- Washington Institute for Health Sciences, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Washington Institute for Health Sciences, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
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36
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Aguero C, Dhaynaut M, Normandin MD, Amaral AC, Guehl NJ, Neelamegam R, Marquie M, Johnson KA, El Fakhri G, Frosch MP, Gomez-Isla T. Autoradiography validation of novel tau PET tracer [F-18]-MK-6240 on human postmortem brain tissue. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:37. [PMID: 30857558 PMCID: PMC6410510 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[F-18]-MK-6240, a novel tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracer recently discovered for the in vivo detection of neurofibrillary tangles, has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy in the detection of Alzheimer disease. We have examined regional and substrate-specific binding patterns as well as possible off-target binding of this tracer on human brain tissue to advance towards its validation. We applied [F-18]-MK-6240 phosphor screen and high resolution autoradiography to postmortem samples from patients with a definite pathological diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau (Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration), chronic traumatic encephalopathy, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-Tar DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), dementia with Lewy bodies, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and elderly controls free of pathologic changes of neurodegenerative disease. We also directly compared the binding properties of [F-18]-MK-6240 and [F-18]-AV-1451 in human tissue, and examined potential nonspecific binding of both tau tracers to monoamine oxidases (MAO) by using autoradiography in the presence of selective monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors. Our data indicate that MK-6240 strongly binds to neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease but does not seem to bind to a significant extent to tau aggregates in non-Alzheimer tauopathies, suggesting that it may have a limited utility for the in vivo detection of these pathologies. There is no evidence of binding to lesions containing β-amyloid, α-synuclein or TDP-43. In addition, we identified MK-6240 strong off-target binding to neuromelanin and melanin-containing cells, and some weaker binding to areas of hemorrhage. These binding patterns are nearly identical to those previously reported by our group and others for [F-18]-AV-1451. Of note, [F-18]-MK-6240 and [F-18]-AV-1451 autoradiographic binding signals were only weakly displaced by competing concentrations of selective MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl but not by MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline, suggesting that MAO enzymes do not appear to be a significant binding target of any of these two tracers. Together these novel findings provide relevant insights for the correct interpretation of in vivo [F-18]-MK-6240 PET imaging.
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37
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Sanagavarapu K, Nüske E, Nasir I, Meisl G, Immink JN, Sormanni P, Vendruscolo M, Knowles TPJ, Malmendal A, Cabaleiro-Lago C, Linse S. A method of predicting the in vitro fibril formation propensity of Aβ40 mutants based on their inclusion body levels in E. coli. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3680. [PMID: 30842594 PMCID: PMC6403284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of recombinant proteins in bacteria may lead to their aggregation and deposition in inclusion bodies. Since the conformational properties of proteins in inclusion bodies exhibit many of the characteristics typical of amyloid fibrils. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the rate at which proteins form amyloid fibrils may be predicted from their propensity to form inclusion bodies. To establish a method based on this concept, we first measured by SDS-PAGE and confocal microscopy the level of inclusion bodies in E. coli cells overexpressing the 40-residue amyloid-beta peptide, Aβ40, wild-type and 24 charge mutants. We then compared these results with a number of existing computational aggregation propensity predictors as well as the rates of aggregation measured in vitro for selected mutants. Our results show a strong correlation between the level of inclusion body formation and aggregation propensity, thus demonstrating the power of this approach and its value in identifying factors modulating aggregation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Sanagavarapu
- Lund University, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Irem Nasir
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Georg Meisl
- University of Cambridge, Chemistry Department, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jasper N Immink
- Lund University, Physical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- University of Cambridge, Chemistry Department, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- University of Cambridge, Chemistry Department, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- University of Cambridge, Chemistry Department, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK.,Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Malmendal
- Lund University, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Celia Cabaleiro-Lago
- Lund University, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, Lund, Sweden.,Faculty of natural sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Sara Linse
- Lund University, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, Lund, Sweden.
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38
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Singh Angom R, Wang Y, Wang E, Pal K, Bhattacharya S, Watzlawik JO, Rosenberry TL, Das P, Mukhopadhyay D. VEGF receptor-1 modulates amyloid β 1-42 oligomer-induced senescence in brain endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:4626-4637. [PMID: 30576228 PMCID: PMC6404587 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802003r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain are hypothesized to trigger several downstream pathologies, including cerebrovascular dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that Aβ peptides can have antiangiogenic properties, which may contribute to vascular dysfunction in the early stages of the disease process. We have generated data showing that brain endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to toxic Aβ1-42 oligomers can readily enter a senescence phenotype. To determine the effect of Aβ oligomers on brain ECs, we treated early passaged human brain microvascular ECs and HUVECs with high MW Aβ1-42 oligomers (5 µM, for 72 h). For controls, we used no peptide treatment, 5 µM Aβ1-42 monomers, and 5 µM Aβ1-42 fibrils, respectively. Brain ECs treated with Aβ1-42 oligomers showed increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and increased senescence-associated p21/p53 expression. Treatment with either Aβ1-42 monomer or Aβ1-42 fibrils did not induce senescence in this assay. We then measured vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) expression in the Aβ1-42 oligomer-treated ECs, and these cells showed significantly increased VEGFR-1 expression and decreased VEGFR-2 levels. Overexpression of VEGFR-1 in brain ECs readily induced senescence, suggesting a direct role of VEGFR-1 signaling events in this paradigm. More importantly, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of VEGFR-1 expression in brain ECs was able to prevent up-regulation of p21 protein expression and significantly reduced induction of senescence following Aβ1-42 oligomer treatment. Our studies show that exposure to Aβ1-42 oligomers may impair vascular functions by altering VEGFR-1 expression and causing ECs to enter a senescent phenotype. Altered VEGFR expression has been documented in brains of AD patients and suggests that this pathway may play a role in AD disease pathogenesis. These studies suggest that modulating VEGFR-1 expression and signaling events could potentially prevent senescence and rejuvenate EC functions, and provides us with a novel target to pursue for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular dysfunction in AD.-Angom, R. S., Wang, Y., Wang, E., Pal, K., Bhattacharya, S., Watzlawik, J. O., Rosenberry, T. L., Das, P., Mukhopadhyay, D. VEGF receptor-1 modulates amyloid β 1-42 oligomer-induced senescence in brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | | | - Jens O. Watzlawik
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Terrone L. Rosenberry
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Pritam Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
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39
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Davis J, Xu F, Hatfield J, Lee H, Hoos MD, Popescu D, Crooks E, Kim R, Smith SO, Robinson JK, Benveniste H, Van Nostrand WE. A Novel Transgenic Rat Model of Robust Cerebral Microvascular Amyloid with Prominent Vasculopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2877-2889. [PMID: 30446159 PMCID: PMC6334267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of fibrillar amyloid β protein in blood vessels of the brain, a condition known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is a common pathology of elderly individuals, a prominent comorbidity of Alzheimer disease, and a driver of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Although several transgenic mouse strains have been generated that develop varying levels of CAA, consistent models of associated cerebral microhemorrhage and vasculopathy observed clinically have been lacking. Reliable preclinical animal models of CAA and microhemorrhage are needed to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of this condition. Herein, we describe the generation and characterization of a novel transgenic rat (rTg-DI) that produces low levels of human familial CAA Dutch/Iowa E22Q/D23N mutant amyloid β protein in brain and faithfully recapitulates many of the pathologic aspects of human small-vessel CAA. rTg-DI rats exhibit early-onset and progressive accumulation of cerebral microvascular fibrillar amyloid accompanied by early-onset and sustained behavioral deficits. Comparable to CAA in humans, the cerebral microvascular amyloid in rTg-DI rats causes capillary structural alterations, promotes prominent perivascular neuroinflammation, and produces consistent, robust microhemorrhages and small-vessel occlusions that are readily detected by magnetic resonance imaging. The rTg-DI rats provide a new model to investigate the pathogenesis of small-vessel CAA and microhemorrhages, to develop effective biomarkers for this condition and to test therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judianne Davis
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Feng Xu
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Joshua Hatfield
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael D Hoos
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Dominique Popescu
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Elliot Crooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Regina Kim
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Steven O Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - John K Robinson
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.
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40
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Abstract
The long lag times and subsequent rapid growth of Alzheimer's Aβ42 fibrils can be explained by a secondary nucleation step, in which existing fibril surfaces are able to nucleate the formation of new fibrils via an autocatalytic process. The molecular mechanism of secondary nucleation, however, is still unknown. Here we investigate the first step, namely, adsorption of the Aβ42 peptide monomers onto the fibril surface. Using long all-atom molecular simulations and an enhanced sampling scheme, we are able to generate a diverse ensemble of binding events. The resulting thermodynamics of adsorption are consistent with experiment as well as with the requirements for effective autocatalysis determined from coarse-grained simulations. We identify the key interactions stabilizing the adsorbed state, which are predominantly polar in nature, and relate them to the effects of known disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias M J Bellaiche
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0520 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Best
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0520 , United States
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41
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Sankar K, Krystek SR, Carl SM, Day T, Maier JKX. AggScore: Prediction of aggregation-prone regions in proteins based on the distribution of surface patches. Proteins 2018; 86:1147-1156. [PMID: 30168197 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a phenomenon that has attracted considerable attention within the pharmaceutical industry from both a developability standpoint (to ensure stability of protein formulations) and from a research perspective for neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental identification of aggregation behavior in proteins can be expensive; and hence, the development of accurate computational approaches is crucial. The existing methods for predicting protein aggregation rely mostly on the primary sequence and are typically trained on amyloid-like proteins. However, the training bias toward beta amyloid peptides may worsen prediction accuracy of such models when applied to larger protein systems. Here, we present a novel algorithm to identify aggregation-prone regions in proteins termed "AggScore" that is based entirely on three-dimensional structure input. The method uses the distribution of hydrophobic and electrostatic patches on the surface of the protein, factoring in the intensity and relative orientation of the respective surface patches into an aggregation propensity function that has been trained on a benchmark set of 31 adnectin proteins. AggScore can accurately identify aggregation-prone regions in several well-studied proteins and also reliably predict changes in aggregation behavior upon residue mutation. The method is agnostic to an amyloid-specific aggregation context and thus may be applied to globular proteins, small peptides and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley R Krystek
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Stephen M Carl
- Discovery Pharmaceutics and Analytical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Tyler Day
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York
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Lewczuk P, Riederer P, O’Bryant SE, Verbeek MM, Dubois B, Visser PJ, Jellinger KA, Engelborghs S, Ramirez A, Parnetti L, Jack CR, Teunissen CE, Hampel H, Lleó A, Jessen F, Glodzik L, de Leon MJ, Fagan AM, Molinuevo JL, Jansen WJ, Winblad B, Shaw LM, Andreasson U, Otto M, Mollenhauer B, Wiltfang J, Turner MR, Zerr I, Handels R, Thompson AG, Johansson G, Ermann N, Trojanowski JQ, Karaca I, Wagner H, Oeckl P, van Waalwijk van Doorn L, Bjerke M, Kapogiannis D, Kuiperij HB, Farotti L, Li Y, Gordon BA, Epelbaum S, Vos SJB, Klijn CJM, Van Nostrand WE, Minguillon C, Schmitz M, Gallo C, Mato AL, Thibaut F, Lista S, Alcolea D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Kornhuber J, Riederer P, Gallo C, Kapogiannis D, Mato AL, Thibaut F. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers for neurodegenerative dementias: An update of the Consensus of the Task Force on Biological Markers in Psychiatry of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:244-328. [PMID: 29076399 PMCID: PMC5916324 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1375556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the 12 years since the publication of the first Consensus Paper of the WFSBP on biomarkers of neurodegenerative dementias, enormous advancement has taken place in the field, and the Task Force takes now the opportunity to extend and update the original paper. New concepts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the conceptual interactions between AD and dementia due to AD were developed, resulting in two sets for diagnostic/research criteria. Procedures for pre-analytical sample handling, biobanking, analyses and post-analytical interpretation of the results were intensively studied and optimised. A global quality control project was introduced to evaluate and monitor the inter-centre variability in measurements with the goal of harmonisation of results. Contexts of use and how to approach candidate biomarkers in biological specimens other than cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), e.g. blood, were precisely defined. Important development was achieved in neuroimaging techniques, including studies comparing amyloid-β positron emission tomography results to fluid-based modalities. Similarly, development in research laboratory technologies, such as ultra-sensitive methods, raises our hopes to further improve analytical and diagnostic accuracy of classic and novel candidate biomarkers. Synergistically, advancement in clinical trials of anti-dementia therapies energises and motivates the efforts to find and optimise the most reliable early diagnostic modalities. Finally, the first studies were published addressing the potential of cost-effectiveness of the biomarkers-based diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, and Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sid E. O’Bryant
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Willemijn J. Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel and University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martin R. Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inga Zerr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ron Handels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Gunilla Johansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilker Karaca
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda van Waalwijk van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H. Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Yi Li
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie J. B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J. M. Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carla Gallo
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares/Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrea Lopez Mato
- Chair of Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cochin-Site Tarnier 89 rue d’Assas, INSERM 894, Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Galzitskaya OV, Galushko EI, Selivanova OM. Studies of the Process of Amyloid Formation by Aβ Peptide. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:S62-S80. [PMID: 29544432 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918140079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the process of amyloid formation by Aβ peptide have been topical due to the critical role of this peptide in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Many articles devoted to this process are available in the literature; however, none of them gives a detailed description of the mechanism of the process of generation of amyloids. Moreover, there are no reliable data on the influence of modified forms of Aβ peptide on its amyloid formation. To appreciate the role of Aβ aggregation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and to develop a strategy for its treatment, it is necessary to have a well-defined description of the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of amyloids as well as the contribution of each intermediate to this process. We are convinced that a combined analysis of theoretical and experimental methods is a way for understanding molecular mechanisms of numerous diseases. Based on our experimental data and molecular modeling, we have constructed a general model of the process of amyloid formation by Aβ peptide. Using the data described in our previous publications, we propose a model of amyloid formation by this peptide that differs from the generally accepted model. Our model can be applied to other proteins and peptides as well. According to this model, the main building unit for the formation of amyloid fibrils is a ring-like oligomer. Upon interaction with each other, ring-like oligomers form long fibrils of different morphology. This mechanism of generation of amyloid fibrils may be common for other proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Galzitskaya
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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44
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Coskuner-Weber O, Uversky VN. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases with Molecular Simulations: Understanding the Roles of Artificial and Pathological Missense Mutations in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Related to Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E336. [PMID: 29364151 PMCID: PMC5855558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β and α-synuclein are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which are at the center of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease pathologies, respectively. These IDPs are extremely flexible and do not adopt stable structures. Furthermore, both amyloid-β and α-synuclein can form toxic oligomers, amyloid fibrils and other type of aggregates in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Experimentalists face challenges in investigating the structures and thermodynamic properties of these IDPs in their monomeric and oligomeric forms due to the rapid conformational changes, fast aggregation processes and strong solvent effects. Classical molecular dynamics simulations complement experiments and provide structural information at the atomic level with dynamics without facing the same experimental limitations. Artificial missense mutations are employed experimentally and computationally for providing insights into the structure-function relationships of amyloid-β and α-synuclein in relation to the pathologies of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Furthermore, there are several natural genetic variations that play a role in the pathogenesis of familial cases of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, which are related to specific genetic defects inherited in dominant or recessive patterns. The present review summarizes the current understanding of monomeric and oligomeric forms of amyloid-β and α-synuclein, as well as the impacts of artificial and pathological missense mutations on the structural ensembles of these IDPs using molecular dynamics simulations. We also emphasize the recent investigations on residual secondary structure formation in dynamic conformational ensembles of amyloid-β and α-synuclein, such as β-structure linked to the oligomerization and fibrillation mechanisms related to the pathologies of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This information represents an important foundation for the successful and efficient drug design studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orkid Coskuner-Weber
- Türkisch-Deutsche Universität, Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, Molecular Biotechnology, Sahinkaya Caddesi, No. 86, Beykoz, Istanbul 34820, Turkey.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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45
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Chandramowlishwaran P, Sun M, Casey KL, Romanyuk AV, Grizel AV, Sopova JV, Rubel AA, Nussbaum-Krammer C, Vorberg IM, Chernoff YO. Mammalian amyloidogenic proteins promote prion nucleation in yeast. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3436-3450. [PMID: 29330303 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrous cross-β aggregates (amyloids) and their transmissible forms (prions) cause diseases in mammals (including humans) and control heritable traits in yeast. Initial nucleation of a yeast prion by transiently overproduced prion-forming protein or its (typically, QN-rich) prion domain is efficient only in the presence of another aggregated (in most cases, QN-rich) protein. Here, we demonstrate that a fusion of the prion domain of yeast protein Sup35 to some non-QN-rich mammalian proteins, associated with amyloid diseases, promotes nucleation of Sup35 prions in the absence of pre-existing aggregates. In contrast, both a fusion of the Sup35 prion domain to a multimeric non-amyloidogenic protein and the expression of a mammalian amyloidogenic protein that is not fused to the Sup35 prion domain failed to promote prion nucleation, further indicating that physical linkage of a mammalian amyloidogenic protein to the prion domain of a yeast protein is required for the nucleation of a yeast prion. Biochemical and cytological approaches confirmed the nucleation of protein aggregates in the yeast cell. Sequence alterations antagonizing or enhancing amyloidogenicity of human amyloid-β (associated with Alzheimer's disease) and mouse prion protein (associated with prion diseases), respectively, antagonized or enhanced nucleation of a yeast prion by these proteins. The yeast-based prion nucleation assay, developed in our work, can be employed for mutational dissection of amyloidogenic proteins. We anticipate that it will aid in the identification of chemicals that influence initial amyloid nucleation and in searching for new amyloidogenic proteins in a variety of proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Sun
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Kristin L Casey
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Andrey V Romanyuk
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Anastasiya V Grizel
- the Laboratory of Amyloid Biology.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, and
| | - Julia V Sopova
- the Laboratory of Amyloid Biology.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.,the St. Petersburg Branch, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Rubel
- the Laboratory of Amyloid Biology.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, and.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- the Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Ina M Vorberg
- the Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yury O Chernoff
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, .,the Laboratory of Amyloid Biology.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, and
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46
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Hunter S, Brayne C. Understanding the roles of mutations in the amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer disease. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:81-93. [PMID: 29112196 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many models of disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been proposed to help guide experimental design and aid the interpretation of results. Models focussing on the genetic evidence include the amyloid cascade (ACH) and presenilin (PSH) hypotheses and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) matrix approach (AMA), of which the ACH has held a dominant position for over two decades. However, the ACH has never been fully accepted and has not yet delivered on its therapeutic promise. We review the ACH, PSH and AMA in relation to levels of APP proteolytic fragments reported from AD-associated mutations in APP. Different APP mutations have diverse effects on the levels of APP proteolytic fragments. This evidence is consistent with at least three disease pathways that can differ between familial and sporadic AD and two pathways associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We cannot fully evaluate the ACH, PSH and AMA in relation to the effects of mutations in APP as the APP proteolytic system has not been investigated systematically. The confounding effects of sequence homology, complexity of competing cleavages and antibody cross reactivities all illustrate limitations in our understanding of the roles these fragments and the APP proteolytic system as a whole in normal aging and disease play. Current experimental design should be refined to generate clearer evidence, addressing both aging and complex disorders with standardised reporting formats. A more flexible theoretical framework capable of accommodating the complexity of the APP proteolytic system is required to integrate available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hunter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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47
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Balamurugan K, Murugan NA, Långström B, Nordberg A, Ågren H. Effect of Alzheimer Familial Chromosomal Mutations on the Amyloid Fibril Interaction with Different PET Tracers: Insight from Molecular Modeling Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2655-2666. [PMID: 28898051 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Along with an increasing number of elderly worldwide, it poses a great challenge for the society and health care. Although sporadic AD is the common form of AD, 2-3% of the AD cases are expected to be due to mutations in the β region of the amyloid precursor protein, which is referred to as autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). These mutations may cause changes in the secondary structure of the amyloid β fibrils and may alter the fibrillization rate leading to changes in the disease development and could also affect the binding to tracers used in diagnosis. In particular, from some recent clinical studies using PET tracers for detection of fibrillar amyloids, it is evident that in ADAD patients with Arctic mutation no amyloid plaque binding can be detected with the 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (11C-PIB). However, for in vitro conditions, significant binding of 3H-PIB has been reported for the amyloid fibrils carrying the Arctic mutation. The aim of the present study is to investigate if there is any mutation specific binding of commonly used amyloid tracers, namely, florbetaben, florbetapir, FPIB, AZD4694, and AZD2184, by means of molecular modeling techniques. Other than Arctic, ADAD mutations, such as the Dutch, Italian, Iowa, and Flemish mutations, are considered in this study. We report that all tracers except florbetapir show reduced binding affinity toward amyloid β fibrils with the Arctic mutation when compared to the native type. Moreover, florbetapir is the only tracer that binds to all mutants with increased affinity when compared to the native fibril. The results obtained from these studies could increase the understanding of the structural changes caused by mutation and concomitant changes in the interaction pattern of the PET tracers with the mutated variants, which in turn can be useful in selecting the appropriate tracers for the purpose of diagnosis as well as for designing new tracers with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagasabai Balamurugan
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova
University Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natarajan Arul Murugan
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova
University Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Långström
- Department
of Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research,
Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Geriatric Medicine,
Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141
86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova
University Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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49
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Gouveia M, Xia K, Colón W, Vieira SI, Ribeiro F. Protein aggregation, cardiovascular diseases, and exercise training: Where do we stand? Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:1-10. [PMID: 28757291 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells ensure their protein quality control through the proteostasis network. Aging and age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, have been associated to the reduction of proteostasis network efficiency and, consequently, to the accumulation of protein misfolded aggregates. The decline in protein homeostasis has been associated with the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure. Exercise training is a key component of the management of patients with cardiovascular disease, consistently improving quality of life and prognosis. In this review, we give an overview on age-related protein aggregation, the role of the increase of misfolded protein aggregates on cardiovascular pathophysiology, and describe the beneficial or deleterious effects of the proteostasis network on the development of cardiovascular disease. We subsequently discuss how exercise training, a key lifestyle intervention in those with cardiovascular disease, could restore proteostasis and improve disease status.
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50
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Abstract
Understanding the genetic risk factors for stroke is an essential step to decipher the underlying mechanisms, facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and optimize the design of prevention strategies. A very small proportion of strokes are attributable to monogenic conditions, the vast majority being multifactorial, with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors of small effect size. Genome-wide association studies and large international consortia have been instrumental in finding genetic risk factors for stroke. While initial studies identified risk loci for specific stroke subtypes, more recent studies also revealed loci associated with all stroke and all ischemic stroke. Risk loci for ischemic stroke and its subtypes have been implicated in atrial fibrillation (PITX2 and ZFHX3), coronary artery disease (ABO, chr9p21, HDAC9, and ALDH2), blood pressure (ALDH2 and HDAC9), pericyte and smooth muscle cell development (FOXF2), coagulation (HABP2), carotid plaque formation (MMP12), and neuro-inflammation (TSPAN2). For hemorrhagic stroke, two loci (APOE and PMF1) have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chauhan
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
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