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Zhang Y, Ge F, Luo Y, Ji X, Liu Z, Qiu Y, Hou J, Zhou R, Zhao C, Xu Q, Zhang S, Yu X, Wang C, Ge D, Meng F, Tao X. Paeonol and glycyrrhizic acid in combination ameliorate the recurrent nitroglycerin-induced migraine-like phenotype in rats by regulating the GABBR2/TRPM8/PRKACA/TRPV1 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118464. [PMID: 38908492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeonol (PAE) and glycyrrhizic acid (GLY) are predominate components of 14 blood-entering ones of Piantongtang No. 1, which is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for chronic migraine with minimal side effects. Both paeonol and glycyrrhizic acid exhibit analgesic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties individually. Our previous research has highlighted their combined effect (PAE + GLY) in ameliorating migraine symptoms. However, there are not yet any studies exploring the mechanism of action of PAE + GLY in the treatment of migraine. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aimed to determine the mechanism of PAE + GLY in ameliorating the recurrent nitroglycerin-induced migraine-like phenotype in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a nitroglycerin-induced migraine model via subcutaneous injection in the neck, we evaluated the effect of PAE + GLY on migraine-like symptoms. Behavioural tests and biomarkers analysis were employed, alongside transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Mechanistic insights were further verified utilising reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB), ELISA and immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. RESULTS Following treatment with PAE + GLY, hyperalgesia threshold and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels increased, and migraine-like head scratching, histamine and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels were reduced. RNA-Seq experiments revealed that PAE + GLY upregulated the expression of Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) and γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 (GABBR2) genes. This upregulation activated the GABAergic synapse pathway, effectively inhibiting migraine attacks. Further validation demonstrated an increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in cerebrospinal fluid post PAE + GLY treatment, coupled with increased expression of dural GAD2, GABBR2 and transient receptor potential channel M8 (TRPM8). Consequently, this inhibited the expression of dural cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA) and transient receptor potential channel type 1 (TRPV1), subsequently downregulating p-ERK1/2, p-AKT1, IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore that PAE + GLY ameliorates inflammatory hyperalgesia migraine by upregulating inhibitory neurotransmitters and modulating the GABBR2/TRPM8/PRKACA/TRPV1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yamin Luo
- Bejing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuenian Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuehua Qiu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianchen Hou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ranran Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Caihong Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qianwei Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xue Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Bejing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fengxian Meng
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Literature, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Goto S, Takahashi T, Sato T, Toyama F, Takayama-Watanabe E, Watanabe A. A CatSper-Uninvolved Mechanism to Induce Forward Sperm Motility in the Internal Fertilization. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:302-313. [PMID: 38809869 DOI: 10.2108/zs230046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Sperm-specific cation channel (CatSper), sperm-specific Na + /H + exchanger (sNHE), and soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) are necessary in the signaling pathways to control sperm motility in many animals, whereas some animals have lost some or all of them. In the present study, we examined CatSper-uninvolved signaling for vigorous undulation of the undulating membrane that is attached to the sperm tail and gives thrust for forward motility in the internally fertilizing newt Cynops pyrrhogaster. Reverse-transcription PCR failed to detect sNHE in the newt sperm. However, the pH of sperm cytoplasm was raised under a high extracellular pH equivalent to that of egg jelly, where sperm motility is initiated by sperm motility-initiating substance (SMIS). Carbonic anhydrase XII/ XVI and SLC4A4/8 were suggested to be present in the sperm, and transported bicarbonates raised the intracellular pH. In egg jelly extract that contained SMIS, the anion transporter inhibitor DIDS weakened the undulation of the undulating membrane, while bicarbonates enhanced it. The cyclic AMP concentration was found to increase in sperm cytoplasm in the egg-jelly extract. An inhibitor of sAC (KH7) weakened the undulation of the undulating membrane, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP blocked the inhibitory effect. Inhibitor of transmembrane AC (DDA) limitedly affected the undulation. The undulation was weakened by an inhibitor of protein kinase A (H89), and by an inhibitor of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (RN1747). Our results support the conclusions that the high pH of the egg jelly triggers a signaling pathway through sAC, PKA, and TRP channels, and coacts with SMIS to induce forward sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Goto
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Tomoe Takahashi
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Tae Sato
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Fubito Toyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Watanabe
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan,
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Trif C, Banica AM, Manolache A, Anghel SA, Huţanu DE, Stratulat T, Badea R, Oprita G, Selescu T, Petrescu SM, Sisignano M, Offermanns S, Babes A, Tunaru S. Inhibition of TRPM8 function by prostacyclin receptor agonists requires coupling to Gq/11 proteins. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1438-1451. [PMID: 38044577 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The TRPM8 ion channel is involved in innocuous cold sensing and has a potent anti-inflammatory action. Its activation by lower temperature or chemical agonists such as menthol and icilin induces analgesic effects, reversing hypersensitivity and reducing chronic pain. On the other hand, prostacyclin (PGI2) enhances pain and inflammation by activating the IP receptors. Due to the critical roles of TRPM8 and IP receptors in the regulation of inflammatory pain, and considering their overlapping expression pattern, we analysed the functional interaction between human TRPM8 and IP receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We transiently expressed human TRPM8 channels and IP receptors in HEK293T cells and carried out intracellular calcium and cAMP measurements. Additionally, we cultured neurons from the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of mice and determined the increase in intracellular calcium triggered by the TRPM8 agonist, icilin, in the presence of the IP receptor agonist cicaprost, the IP receptor antagonist Cay10441, and the Gq/11 inhibitor YM254890. KEY RESULTS Activation of IP receptors by selective agonists (cicaprost, beraprost, and iloprost) inhibited TRPM8 channel function, independently of the Gs-cAMP pathway. The potent inhibition of TRPM8 channels by IP receptor agonists involved Gq/11 coupling. These effects were also observed in neurons isolated from murine DRGs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate an unusual signalling pathway of IP receptors by coupling to Gq/11 proteins to inhibit TRPM8 channel function. This pathway may contribute to a better understanding of the role of TRPM8 channels and IP receptors in regulating pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Trif
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Maria Banica
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Manolache
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Andreea Anghel
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Debora-Elena Huţanu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Stratulat
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Badea
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Oprita
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tudor Selescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefana M Petrescu
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alexandru Babes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Tunaru
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Prothanor Biotech S.R.L., Bucharest, Romania
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Plaza‐Cayón A, González‐Muñiz R, Martín‐Martínez M. Mutations of TRPM8 channels: Unraveling the molecular basis of activation by cold and ligands. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2168-2203. [PMID: 35976012 PMCID: PMC9805079 DOI: 10.1002/med.21920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cation nonselective channel TRPM8 is activated by multiple stimuli, including moderate cold and various chemical compounds (i.e., menthol and icilin [Fig. 1], among others). While research continues growing on the understanding of the physiological involvement of TRPM8 channels and their role in various pathological states, the information available on its activation mechanisms has also increased, supported by mutagenesis and structural studies. This review compiles known information on specific mutations of channel residues and their consequences on channel viability and function. Besides, the comparison of sequence of animals living in different environments, together with chimera and mutagenesis studies are helping to unravel the mechanism of adaptation to different temperatures. The results of mutagenesis studies, grouped by different channel regions, are compared with the current knowledge of TRPM8 structures obtained by cryo-electron microscopy. Trying to make this review self-explicative and highly informative, important residues for TRPM8 function are summarized in a figure, and mutants, deletions and chimeras are compiled in a table, including also the observed effects by different methods of activation and the corresponding references. The information provided by this review may also help in the design of new ligands for TRPM8, an interesting biological target for therapeutic intervention.
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Zhang W, Qiao XY, Li Q, Cui C, Qiao CM, Shen YQ, Zhao WJ. Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis of TRPM8 in Tumor Metabolism and Immune Escape. Front Oncol 2022; 12:914060. [PMID: 35847920 PMCID: PMC9281503 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.914060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) modulates tumor biology and sensitivity to treatment. The present study aimed to determine the part it plays in tumor immunity and physiology using pan-cancer analysis. Method Data from the GTEx, CCLE, TISIDB, GSCA, cBioportal, and TCGA databases were collected using Estimate, Scanneo, and GSEA, and the associations between TRPM8 and prognosis, molecular subtypes, mutational burden, microsatellite instability, immune gene functions, and drug sensitivity were analyzed in 33 tumor types. Result TRPM8 levels were found to be elevated in most tumors, particularly in solid tumors, with variations according to clinical stage. Mutation frequency was greatest in endometrial carcinoma. High levels of TRPM8 were linked to unfavorable prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and the tumor microenvironment, as well as correlating with abnormalities in the transcription levels of genes associated with immunity and DNA repair. TRPM8 was also linked to unfavorable patient outcomes and cancer-associated signaling. Conclusions TRPM8 is strongly associated with tumor physiology and immunity. The Pan-Cancer analysis suggests the potential of TRPM8 as a treatment target or biomarker for determining the prognosis of a specific type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guizhou Nursing Vocational College, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin-yu Qiao
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qian Li
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun Cui
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chen-meng Qiao
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan-qin Shen
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei-jiang Zhao
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-jiang Zhao,
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Hao JW, Qiao WL, Li Q, Wei S, Liu TT, Qiu CY, Hu WP. Suppression of P2X3 receptor-mediated currents by the activation of α 2A -adrenergic receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:289-297. [PMID: 34862748 PMCID: PMC8739037 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The α2‐adrenergic receptor (α2‐AR) agonists have been shown to be effective in the treatment of various pain. For example, dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective α2A‐AR agonist, can be used for peripheral analgesia. However, it is not yet fully elucidated for the precise molecular mechanisms. P2X3 receptor is a major receptor processing nociceptive information in primary sensory neurons. Herein, we show that a functional interaction of α2A‐ARs and P2X3 receptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons could contribute to peripheral analgesia of DEX. Methods Electrophysiological recordings were carried out on rat DRG neurons, and nociceptive behavior was quantified in rats. Results The activation of α2A‐ARs by DEX suppressed P2X3 receptor‐mediated and α,β‐methylene‐ATP (α,β‐meATP)‐evoked inward currents in a concentration‐dependent and voltage‐independent manner. Pre‐application of DEX shifted the α,β‐meATP concentration‐response curve downwards, with a decrease of 50.43 ± 4.75% in the maximal current response of P2X3 receptors to α,β‐meATP in the presence of DEX. Suppression of α,β‐meATP‐evoked currents by DEX was blocked by the α2A‐AR antagonist BRL44408 and prevented by intracellular application of the Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, and the cAMP analog 8‐Br‐cAMP. DEX also suppressed α,β‐meATP‐evoked action potentials through α2A‐ARs in rat DRG neurons. Finally, the activation of peripheral α2A‐ARs by DEX had an analgesic effect on the α,β‐meATP‐induced nociception. Conclusions These results suggested that activation of α2A‐ARs by DEX suppressed P2X3 receptor‐mediated electrophysiological and behavioral activity via a Gi/o proteins and cAMP signaling pathway, which was a novel potential mechanism underlying analgesia of peripheral α2A‐AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Long Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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Constitutive Phosphorylation as a Key Regulator of TRPM8 Channel Function. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8475-8493. [PMID: 34446569 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0345-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, environmental cold sensing conducted by peripheral cold thermoreceptor neurons mostly depends on TRPM8, an ion channel that has evolved to become the main molecular cold transducer. This TRP channel is activated by cold, cooling compounds, such as menthol, voltage, and rises in osmolality. TRPM8 function is regulated by kinase activity that phosphorylates the channel under resting conditions. However, which specific residues, how this post-translational modification modulates TRPM8 activity, and its influence on cold sensing are still poorly understood. By mass spectrometry, we identified four serine residues within the N-terminus (S26, S29, S541, and S542) constitutively phosphorylated in the mouse ortholog. TRPM8 function was examined by Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp recordings, revealing that treatment with staurosporine, a kinase inhibitor, augmented its cold- and menthol-evoked responses. S29A mutation is sufficient to increase TRPM8 activity, suggesting that phosphorylation of this residue is a central molecular determinant of this negative regulation. Biophysical and total internal reflection fluorescence-based analysis revealed a dual mechanism in the potentiated responses of unphosphorylated TRPM8: a shift in the voltage activation curve toward more negative potentials and an increase in the number of active channels at the plasma membrane. Importantly, basal kinase activity negatively modulates TRPM8 function at cold thermoreceptors from male and female mice, an observation accounted for by mathematical modeling. Overall, our findings suggest that cold temperature detection could be rapidly and reversibly fine-tuned by controlling the TRPM8 basal phosphorylation state, a mechanism that acts as a dynamic molecular brake of this thermo-TRP channel function in primary sensory neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Post-translational modifications are one of the main molecular mechanisms involved in adjusting the sensitivity of sensory ion channels to changing environmental conditions. Here we show, for the first time, that constitutive phosphorylation of the well-conserved serine 29 within the N-terminal domain negatively modulates TRPM8 channel activity, reducing its activation by agonists and decreasing the number of active channels at the plasma membrane. Basal phosphorylation of TRPM8 acts as a key regulator of its function as the main cold-transduction channel, significantly contributing to the net response of primary sensory neurons to temperature reductions. This reversible and dynamic modulatory mechanism opens new opportunities to regulate TRPM8 function in pathologic conditions where this thermo-TRP channel plays a critical role.
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channels play a central role in the detection of environmental cold temperatures in the somatosensory system. TRPM8 is found in a subset of unmyelinated (C-type) afferents located in the dorsal root (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion (TG). Cold hypersensitivity is a common symptom of neuropathic pain conditions caused by cancer therapy, spinal cord injury, viral infection, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, or withdrawal symptoms associated with chronic morphine treatment. Therefore, TRPM8 has received great attention as a therapeutic target. However, as the activity of TRPM8 is unique in sensing cool temperature as well as warming, it is critical to understand the signaling transduction pathways that control modality-specific activity of TRPM8 in healthy versus pathological settings. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the TRPM8 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Wei S, Qiu CY, Jin Y, Liu TT, Hu WP. Dexmedetomidine Inhibits ASIC Activity via Activation of α 2A Adrenergic Receptors in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685460. [PMID: 34108881 PMCID: PMC8181722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective α2 adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist, has been shown to have peripheral analgesic effects in a variety of pain conditions. However, the precise molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) are the major player in pain associated with tissue acidosis. Given that both α2-ARs and ASICs exist in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, we therefore investigated the effects of DEX on the functional activity of ASICs. Herein, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that DEX suppressed ASIC-mediated and acid-evoked currents and action potentials in dissociated rat DRG neurons. DEX shifted downwards concentration-response curve to protons, with a decrease of 35.83 ± 3.91% in the maximal current response to pH 4.5. DEX-induced inhibition of ASIC currents was blocked by the α2A-AR antagonist BRL44408 in DRG neurons. DEX also inhibited ASIC3 currents in CHO cells co-expressing ASIC3 and α2A-ARs, but not in ASIC3 transfected CHO cells without α2A-ARs expression. DEX-induced inhibition of ASIC currents was mimicked by the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89, and blocked by intracellular application of the Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin and the cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP. In addition, peripherally administration of DEX dose-dependently relieved nociceptive responses to intraplantar injection of acetic acid in rats through local α2A-ARs. Our results indicated that DEX inhibited the functional activity of ASICs via α2A-ARs and intracellular Gi/o proteins and cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway in rat DRG neurons, which was a novel potential mechanism that probably mediated peripheral analgesia of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wei
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Negative Modulation of TRPM8 Channel Function by Protein Kinase C in Trigeminal Cold Thermoreceptor Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124420. [PMID: 32580281 PMCID: PMC7352406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM8 is the main molecular entity responsible for cold sensing. This polymodal ion channel is activated by cold, cooling compounds such as menthol, voltage, and rises in osmolality. In corneal cold thermoreceptor neurons (CTNs), TRPM8 expression determines not only their sensitivity to cold, but also their role as neural detectors of ocular surface wetness. Several reports suggest that Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation impacts on TRPM8 function; however, the molecular bases of this functional modulation are still poorly understood. We explored PKC-dependent regulation of TRPM8 using Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate to activate this kinase. Consistently, recombinant TRPM8 channels, cultured trigeminal neurons, and free nerve endings of corneal CTNs revealed a robust reduction of TRPM8-dependent responses under PKC activation. In corneal CTNs, PKC activation decreased ongoing activity, a key parameter in the role of TRPM8-expressing neurons as humidity detectors, and also the maximal cold-evoked response, which were validated by mathematical modeling. Biophysical analysis indicated that PKC-dependent downregulation of TRPM8 is mainly due to a decreased maximal conductance value, and complementary noise analysis revealed a reduced number of functional channels at the cell surface, providing important clues to understanding the molecular mechanisms of how PKC activity modulates TRPM8 channels in CTNs.
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11
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Pertusa M, Rivera B, González A, Ugarte G, Madrid R. Critical role of the pore domain in the cold response of TRPM8 channels identified by ortholog functional comparison. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12454-12471. [PMID: 29880642 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the main molecular entity involved in innocuous cold transduction is TRPM8. This polymodal ion channel is activated by cold, cooling compounds such as menthol and voltage. Despite its relevance, the molecular determinants involved in its activation by cold remain elusive. In this study we explored the use of TRPM8 orthologs with different cold responses as a strategy to identify new molecular determinants related with their thermosensitivity. We focused on mouse TRPM8 (mTRPM8) and chicken TRPM8 (cTRPM8), which present complementary thermosensitive and chemosensitive phenotypes. Although mTRPM8 displays larger responses to cold than cTRPM8 does, the avian ortholog shows a higher sensitivity to menthol compared with the mouse channel, in both HEK293 cells and primary somatosensory neurons. We took advantage of these differences to build multiple functional chimeras between these orthologs, to identify the regions that account for these discrepancies. Using a combination of calcium imaging and patch clamping, we identified a region encompassing positions 526-556 in the N terminus, whose replacement by the cTRPM8 homolog sequence potentiated its response to agonists. More importantly, we found that the characteristic cold response of these orthologs is due to nonconserved residues located within the pore loop, suggesting that TRPM8 has evolved by increasing the magnitude of its cold response through changes in this region. Our results reveal that these structural domains are critically involved in cold sensitivity and functional modulation of TRPM8, and support the idea that the pore domain is a key molecular determinant in temperature responses of this thermo-transient receptor potential (TRP) channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pertusa
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, and Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián Rivera
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, and Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro González
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, and Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Ugarte
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, and Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Madrid
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, and Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile
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12
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TRPM8 is required for survival and radioresistance of glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95896-95913. [PMID: 29221175 PMCID: PMC5707069 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM8 is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel belonging to the melastatin sub-group of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. TRPM8 is aberrantly overexpressed in a variety of tumor entities including glioblastoma multiforme where it reportedly contributes to tumor invasion. The present study aimed to disclose further functions of TRPM8 in glioma biology in particular upon cell injury by ionizing radiation. To this end, TCGA data base was queried to expose the TRPM8 mRNA abundance in human glioblastoma specimens and immunoblotting was performed to analyze the TRPM8 protein abundance in primary cultures of human glioblastoma. Moreover, human glioblastoma cell lines were irradiated with 6 MV photons and TRPM8 channels were targeted pharmacologically or by RNA interference. TRPM8 abundance, Ca2+ signaling and resulting K+ channel activity, chemotaxis, cell migration, clonogenic survival, DNA repair, apoptotic cell death, and cell cycle control were determined by qRT-PCR, fura-2 Ca2+ imaging, patch-clamp recording, transfilter migration assay, wound healing assay, colony formation assay, immunohistology, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. As a result, human glioblastoma upregulates TRPM8 channels to variable extent. TRPM8 inhibition or knockdown slowed down cell migration and chemotaxis, attenuated DNA repair and clonogenic survival, triggered apoptotic cell death, impaired cell cycle and radiosensitized glioblastoma cells. Mechanistically, ionizing radiation activated and upregulated TRPM8-mediated Ca2+ signaling that interfered with cell cycle control probably via CaMKII, cdc25C and cdc2. Combined, our data suggest that TRPM8 channels contribute to spreading, survival and radioresistance of human glioblastoma and, therefore, might represent a promising target in future anti-glioblastoma therapy.
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13
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Jiang C, Zhai M, Yan D, Li D, Li C, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Xiong D, Deng Q, Sun W. Dietary menthol-induced TRPM8 activation enhances WAT "browning" and ameliorates diet-induced obesity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75114-75126. [PMID: 29088850 PMCID: PMC5650405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are a new type of recruitable brownish adipocytes, with highly mitochondrial membrane uncoupling protein 1 expression and thermogenesis. Beige adipocytes were found among white adipocytes, especially in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Therefore, beige adipocytes may be involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and fat deposition. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel, plays vital roles in the regulation of various cellular functions. It has been reported that TRPM8 activation enhanced the thermogenic function of brown adiposytes. However, the involvement of TRPM8 in the thermogenic function of WAT remains unexplored. Our data revealed that TRPM8 was expressed in mouse white adipocytes at mRNA, protein and functional levels. The mRNA expression of Trpm8 was significantly increased in the differentiated white adipocytes than pre-adipocytes. Moreover, activation of TRPM8 by menthol enhanced the expression of thermogenic genes in cultured white aidpocytes. And menthol-induced increases of the thermogenic genes in white adipocytes was inhibited by either KT5720 (a protein kinase A inhibitor) or BAPTA-AM. In addition, high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice was significantly recovered by co-treatment with menthol. Dietary menthol enhanced WAT “browning” and improved glucose metabolism in HFD-induced obesity mice as well. Therefore, we concluded that TRPM8 might be involved in WAT “browning” by increasing the expression levels of genes related to thermogenesis and energy metabolism. And dietary menthol could be a novel approach for combating human obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhai
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, School of Basic Medicine, Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, School of Basic Medicine, Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Donglin Xiong
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wuping Sun
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
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14
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Balemans D, Boeckxstaens GE, Talavera K, Wouters MM. Transient receptor potential ion channel function in sensory transduction and cellular signaling cascades underlying visceral hypersensitivity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G635-G648. [PMID: 28385695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00401.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity is an important mechanism underlying increased abdominal pain perception in functional gastrointestinal disorders including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease in remission. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood, recent studies described upregulation and altered functions of nociceptors and their signaling pathways in aberrant visceral nociception, in particular the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family. A variety of TRP channels are present in the gastrointestinal tract (TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM2, TRPM5, and TRPM8), and modulation of their function by increased activation or sensitization (decreased activation threshold) or altered expression in visceral afferents have been reported in visceral hypersensitivity. TRP channels directly detect or transduce osmotic, mechanical, thermal, and chemosensory stimuli. In addition, pro-inflammatory mediators released in tissue damage or inflammation can activate receptors of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily leading to TRP channel sensitization and activation, which amplify pain and neurogenic inflammation. In this review, we highlight the present knowledge on the functional roles of neuronal TRP channels in visceral hypersensitivity and discuss the signaling pathways that underlie TRP channel modulation. We propose that a better understanding of TRP channels and their modulators may facilitate the development of more selective and effective therapies to treat visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Balemans
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven Belgium
| | - Mira M Wouters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
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15
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Genova T, Grolez GP, Camillo C, Bernardini M, Bokhobza A, Richard E, Scianna M, Lemonnier L, Valdembri D, Munaron L, Philips MR, Mattot V, Serini G, Prevarskaya N, Gkika D, Pla AF. TRPM8 inhibits endothelial cell migration via a non-channel function by trapping the small GTPase Rap1. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2107-2130. [PMID: 28550110 PMCID: PMC5496606 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201506024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell adhesion and migration are critical steps of the angiogenic process, whose dysfunction is associated with tumor growth and metastasis. The TRPM8 channel has recently been proposed to play a protective role in prostate cancer by impairing cell motility. However, the mechanisms by which it could influence vascular behavior are unknown. Here, we reveal a novel non-channel function for TRPM8 that unexpectedly acts as a Rap1 GTPase inhibitor, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell motility, independently of pore function. TRPM8 retains Rap1 intracellularly through direct protein-protein interaction, thus preventing its cytoplasm-plasma membrane trafficking. In turn, this mechanism impairs the activation of a major inside-out signaling pathway that triggers the conformational activation of integrin and, consequently, cell adhesion, migration, in vitro endothelial tube formation, and spheroid sprouting. Our results bring to light a novel, pore-independent molecular mechanism by which endogenous TRPM8 expression inhibits Rap1 GTPase and thus plays a critical role in the behavior of vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Guillaume P Grolez
- Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Chiara Camillo
- Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Michela Bernardini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Alexandre Bokhobza
- Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Elodie Richard
- BICeL Campus Lille1, FR3688 FRABio, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marco Scianna
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Loic Lemonnier
- Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Centre of Excellence, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mark R Philips
- Cancer Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Virginie Mattot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, Universite de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guido Serini
- Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Dimitra Gkika
- Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy .,Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Centre of Excellence, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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16
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Chakraborty S, Elvezio V, Kaczocha M, Rebecchi M, Puopolo M. Presynaptic inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors by noradrenaline in nociceptive neurons. J Physiol 2017; 595:2639-2660. [PMID: 28094445 DOI: 10.1113/jp273455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor is a polymodal molecular integrator in the pain pathway expressed in Aδ- and C-fibre nociceptors and is responsible for the thermal hyperalgesia associated with inflammatory pain. Noradrenaline strongly inhibited the activity of TRPV1 channels in dorsal root ganglia neurons. The effect of noradrenaline was reproduced by clonidine and antagonized by yohimbine, consistent with contribution of α2 adrenergic receptors. The inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on TRPV1 channels was dependent on calcium influx and linked to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. In spinal cord slices, clonidine reduced the frequency of capsaicin-induced miniature EPSCs in the presence of tetrodotoxin and ω-conotoxin-MVIIC, consistent with inhibition of presynaptic TRPV1 channels by α2 adrenergic receptors. We suggest that modulation of presynaptic TRPV1 channels in nociceptive neurons by descending noradrenergic inputs may constitute a mechanism for noradrenaline to modulate incoming noxious stimuli in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. ABSTRACT The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor is a well-known contributor to nociceptor excitability. To address whether noradrenaline can down-regulate TRPV1 channel activity in nociceptors and reduce their synaptic transmission, the effects of noradrenaline and clonidine were tested on the capsaicin-activated current recorded from acutely dissociated small diameter (<27 μm) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and on miniature (m)EPSCs recorded from large lamina I neurons in horizontal spinal cord slices. Noradrenaline or clonidine inhibited the capsaicin-activated current by ∼60%, and the effect was reversed by yohimbine, confirming that it was mediated by activation of α2 adrenergic receptors. Similarly, clonidine reduced the frequency of capsaicin-induced mEPSCs by ∼60%. Inhibition of capsaicin-activated current by noradrenaline was mediated by GTP binding proteins, and was highly dependent on calcium influx. The inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on the capsaicin-activated current was not affected either by blocking the activity of protein kinase A with H89, or by blocking the activity of protein kinase C with bisindolylmaleimide II. In contrast, when the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was blocked with KN-93, the inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on the capsaicin-activated current was greatly reduced, suggesting that activation of adrenergic receptors in DRG neurons is preferentially linked to CaMKII activity. We suggest that modulation of TRPV1 channels by noradrenaline in nociceptive neurons is a mechanism whereby noradrenaline may suppress incoming noxious stimuli at the primary synaptic afferents in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Cohn Research Building, 1735 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Vincent Elvezio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Mario Rebecchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Michelino Puopolo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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17
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Mickle AD, Shepherd AJ, Mohapatra DP. Nociceptive TRP Channels: Sensory Detectors and Transducers in Multiple Pain Pathologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040072. [PMID: 27854251 PMCID: PMC5198047 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Specialized receptors belonging to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ligand-gated ion channels constitute the critical detectors and transducers of pain-causing stimuli. Nociceptive TRP channels are predominantly expressed by distinct subsets of sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Several of these TRP channels are also expressed in neurons of the central nervous system, and in non-neuronal cells that communicate with sensory nerves. Nociceptive TRPs are activated by specific physico-chemical stimuli to provide the excitatory trigger in neurons. In addition, decades of research has identified a large number of immune and neuromodulators as mediators of nociceptive TRP channel activation during injury, inflammatory and other pathological conditions. These findings have led to aggressive targeting of TRP channels for the development of new-generation analgesics. This review summarizes the complex activation and/or modulation of nociceptive TRP channels under pathophysiological conditions, and how these changes underlie acute and chronic pain conditions. Furthermore, development of small-molecule antagonists for several TRP channels as analgesics, and the positive and negative outcomes of these drugs in clinical trials are discussed. Understanding the diverse functional and modulatory properties of nociceptive TRP channels is critical to function-based drug targeting for the development of evidence-based and efficacious new generation analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Mickle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Center for Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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18
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Melanaphy D, Johnson CD, Kustov MV, Watson CA, Borysova L, Burdyga TV, Zholos AV. Ion channel mechanisms of rat tail artery contraction-relaxation by menthol involving, respectively, TRPM8 activation and L-type Ca2+ channel inhibition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1416-H1430. [PMID: 27765744 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00222.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is the principal cold and menthol receptor channel. Characterized primarily for its cold-sensing role in sensory neurons, it is expressed and functional in several nonneuronal tissues, including vasculature. We previously demonstrated that menthol causes variable mechanical responses (vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, or biphasic reactions) in isolated arteries, depending on vascular tone. Here we aimed to dissect the specific ion channel mechanisms and corresponding Ca2+ signaling pathways underlying such complex responses to menthol and other TRPM8 ligands in rat tail artery myocytes using patch-clamp electrophysiology, confocal Ca2+ imaging, and ratiometric Ca2+ recording. Menthol (300 μM, a concentration typically used to induce TRPM8 currents) strongly inhibited L-type Ca2+ channel current (L-ICa) in isolated myocytes, especially its sustained component, most relevant for depolarization-induced vasoconstriction. In contraction studies, with nifedipine present (10 μM) to abolish L-ICa contribution to phenylephrine (PE)-induced vasoconstrictions of vascular rings, a marked increase in tone was observed with menthol, similar to resting (i.e., without α-adrenoceptor stimulation by PE) conditions, when L-type channels were mostly deactivated. Menthol-induced increases in PE-induced vasoconstrictions could be inhibited both by the TRPM8 antagonist AMTB (thus confirming the specific role of TRPM8) and by cyclopiazonic acid treatment to deplete Ca2+ stores, pointing to a major contribution of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in these contractile responses. Immunocytochemical analysis has indeed revealed colocalization of TRPM8 and InsP3 receptors. Moreover, menthol Ca2+ responses, which were somewhat reduced under Ca2+-free conditions, were strongly reduced by cyclopiazonic acid treatment to deplete Ca2+ store, whereas caffeine-induced Ca2+ responses were blunted in the presence of menthol. Finally, two other common TRPM8 agonists, WS-12 and icilin, also inhibited L-ICa With respect to L-ICa inhibition, WS-12 is the most selective agonist. It augmented PE-induced contractions, whereas any secondary phase of vasorelaxation (as with menthol) was completely lacking. Thus TRPM8 channels are functionally active in rat tail artery myocytes and play a distinct direct stimulatory role in control of vascular tone. However, indirect effects of TRPM8 agonists, which are unrelated to TRPM8, are mediated by inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels and largely obscure TRPM8-mediated vasoconstriction. These findings will promote our understanding of the vascular TRPM8 role, especially the well-known hypotensive effect of menthol, and may also have certain translational implications (e.g., in cardiovascular surgery, organ storage, transplantation, and Raynaud's phenomenon).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal Melanaphy
- Center for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Johnson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom;
| | - Maxim V Kustov
- A. A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Conall A Watson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lyudmyla Borysova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Theodor V Burdyga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Alexander V Zholos
- Center for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,A. A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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19
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Calcium Entry Through Thermosensory Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:265-304. [PMID: 27161233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ThermoTRPs are unique channels that mediate Na(+) and Ca(2+) currents in response to changes in ambient temperature. In combination with their activation by other physical and chemical stimuli, they are considered key integrators of environmental cues into neuronal excitability. Furthermore, roles of thermoTRPs in non-neuronal tissues are currently emerging such as insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, and links to cancer. Calcium permeability through thermoTRPs appears a central hallmark for their physiological and pathological activities. Moreover, it is currently being proposed that beyond working as a second messenger, Ca(2+) can function locally by acting on protein complexes near the membrane. Interestingly, thermoTRPs can enhance and expand the inherent plasticity of signalplexes by conferring them temperature, pH and lipid regulation through Ca(2+) signalling. Thus, unveiling the local role of Ca(2+) fluxes induced by thermoTRPs on the dynamics of membrane-attached signalling complexes as well as their significance in cellular processes, are central issues that will expand the opportunities for therapeutic intervention in disorders involving dysfunction of thermoTRP channels.
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Yee NS. TRPM8 Ion Channels as Potential Cancer Biomarker and Target in Pancreatic Cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 104:127-155. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Roles of TRPM8 Ion Channels in Cancer: Proliferation, Survival, and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2134-46. [PMID: 26512697 PMCID: PMC4695882 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this article is to provide a critical review of the transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 8 (TRPM8) in cancers, with an emphasis on its roles in cellular proliferation, survival, and invasion. The TRPM8 ion channels regulate Ca2+ homeostasis and function as a cellular sensor and transducer of cold temperature. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that TRPM8 is aberrantly expressed in a variety of malignant solid tumors. Clinicopathological analysis has shown that over-expression of TRPM8 correlates with tumor progression. Experimental data have revealed important roles of TRPM8 channels in cancer cells proliferation, survival, and invasion, which appear to be dependent on the cancer type. Recent reports have begun to reveal the signaling mechanisms that mediate the biological roles of TRPM8 in tumor growth and metastasis. Determining the mechanistic roles of TRPM8 in cancer is expected to elucidate the impact of thermal and chemical stimuli on the formation and progression of neoplasms. Translational research and clinical investigation of TRPM8 in malignant diseases will help exploit these ion channels as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for developing precision cancer medicine.
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22
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Majhi RK, Saha S, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Swain N, Goswami L, Mohapatra P, Maity A, Kumar Sahoo V, Kumar A, Goswami C. Expression of temperature-sensitive ion channel TRPM8 in sperm cells correlates with vertebrate evolution. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1310. [PMID: 26500819 PMCID: PMC4614861 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential cation channel, subfamily Melastatin, member 8 (TRPM8) is involved in detection of cold temperature, different noxious compounds and in execution of thermo- as well as chemo-sensitive responses at cellular levels. Here we explored the molecular evolution of TRPM8 by analyzing sequences from various species. We elucidate that several regions of TRPM8 had different levels of selection pressure but the 4th-5th transmembrane regions remain highly conserved. Analysis of synteny suggests that since vertebrate origin, TRPM8 gene is linked with SPP2, a bone morphogen. TRPM8, especially the N-terminal region of it, seems to be highly variable in human population. We found 16,656 TRPM8 variants in 1092 human genomes with top variations being SNPs, insertions and deletions. A total of 692 missense mutations are also mapped to human TRPM8 protein of which 509 seem to be delateroiours in nature as supported by Polyphen V2, SIFT and Grantham deviation score. Using a highly specific antibody, we demonstrate that TRPM8 is expressed endogenously in the testis of rat and sperm cells of different vertebrates ranging from fish to higher mammals. We hypothesize that TRPM8 had emerged during vertebrate evolution (ca 450 MYA). We propose that expression of TRPM8 in sperm cell and its role in regulating sperm function are important factors that have guided its molecular evolution, and that these understandings may have medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Majhi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Somdatta Saha
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Nirlipta Swain
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Luna Goswami
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Pratyush Mohapatra
- Department of Zoology, Government Science College, Chatrapur, Ganjam, Odisha, India
| | - Apratim Maity
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, CVSc & AH, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, Kiel, SH, Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, BW, Germany
| | - Chandan Goswami
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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Dinter J, Khajavi N, Mühlhaus J, Wienchol CL, Cöster M, Hermsdorf T, Stäubert C, Köhrle J, Schöneberg T, Kleinau G, Mergler S, Biebermann H. The Multitarget Ligand 3-Iodothyronamine Modulates β-Adrenergic Receptor 2 Signaling. Eur Thyroid J 2015; 4:21-9. [PMID: 26601070 PMCID: PMC4640289 DOI: 10.1159/000381801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-Iodothyronamine (3-T1AM), a signaling molecule with structural similarities to thyroid hormones, induces numerous physiological responses including reversible body temperature decline. One target of 3-T1AM is the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), which is a member of the rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Interestingly, the effects of 3-T1AM remain detectable in TAAR1 knockout mice, suggesting further targets for 3-T1AM such as adrenergic receptors. Therefore, we evaluated whether β-adrenergic receptor 1 (ADRB1) and 2 (ADRB2) signaling is affected by 3-T1AM in HEK293 cells and in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA-NHC), where these receptors are highly expressed endogenously. METHODS A label-free EPIC system for prescreening the 3-T1AM-induced effects on ADRB1 and ADRB2 in transfected HEK293 cells was used. In addition, ADRB1 and ADRB2 activation was analyzed using a cyclic AMP assay and a MAPK reporter gene assay. Finally, fluorescence Ca(2+) imaging was utilized to delineate 3-T1AM-induced Ca(2+) signaling. RESULTS 3-T1AM (10(-5)-10(-10)M) enhanced isoprenaline-induced ADRB2-mediated Gs signaling but not that of ADRB1-mediated signaling. MAPK signaling remained unaffected for both receptors. In IOBA-NHC cells, norepinephrine-induced Ca(2+) influxes were blocked by the nonselective ADRB blocker timolol (10 µM), indicating that ADRBs are most likely linked with Ca(2+) channels. Notably, timolol was also found to block 3-T1AM (10(-5)M)-induced Ca(2+) influx. CONCLUSIONS The presented data support that 3-T1AM directly modulates β-adrenergic receptor signaling. The relationship between 3-T1AM and β-adrenergic signaling also reveals a potential therapeutic value for suppressing Ca(2+) channel-mediated inflammation processes, occurring in eye diseases such as conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Dinter
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noushafarin Khajavi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Mühlhaus
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maxi Cöster
- Institut für Biochemie, Molekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Hermsdorf
- Institut für Biochemie, Molekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Stäubert
- Institut für Biochemie, Molekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Institut für Biochemie, Molekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mergler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
- *Heike Biebermann, Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, DE-13353 Berlin (Germany), E-Mail , Stefan Mergler, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, DE-13353 Berlin (Germany), E-Mail
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24
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Gkika D, Lemonnier L, Shapovalov G, Gordienko D, Poux C, Bernardini M, Bokhobza A, Bidaux G, Degerny C, Verreman K, Guarmit B, Benahmed M, de Launoit Y, Bindels RJM, Fiorio Pla A, Prevarskaya N. TRP channel-associated factors are a novel protein family that regulates TRPM8 trafficking and activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:89-107. [PMID: 25559186 PMCID: PMC4284226 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TCAF1 and TCAF2 bind to TRPM8 and promote its cell surface trafficking but differentially regulate its gating properties, leading to opposing effects on prostate cancer cell migration. TRPM8 is a cold sensor that is highly expressed in the prostate as well as in other non-temperature-sensing organs, and is regulated by downstream receptor–activated signaling pathways. However, little is known about the intracellular proteins necessary for channel function. Here, we identify two previously unknown proteins, which we have named “TRP channel–associated factors” (TCAFs), as new TRPM8 partner proteins, and we demonstrate that they are necessary for channel function. TCAF1 and TCAF2 both bind to the TRPM8 channel and promote its trafficking to the cell surface. However, they exert opposing effects on TRPM8 gating properties. Functional interaction of TCAF1/TRPM8 also leads to a reduction in both the speed and directionality of migration of prostate cancer cells, which is consistent with an observed loss of expression of TCAF1 in metastatic human specimens, whereas TCAF2 promotes migration. The identification of TCAFs introduces a novel mechanism for modulation of TRPM8 channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Gkika
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Loic Lemonnier
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - George Shapovalov
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Dmitri Gordienko
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Céline Poux
- Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8198 and Laboratoire de Génétique & Evolution des Populations Végétales (GEPV), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Michela Bernardini
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Alexandre Bokhobza
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- Laboratoire Biophotonique Cellulaire Fonctionnelle, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, USR3078 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Parc scientifique de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Ascq, F-59655 France
| | - Cindy Degerny
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université de Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Kathye Verreman
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université de Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Basma Guarmit
- Inserm, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Hôpitall'Archet, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Mohamed Benahmed
- Inserm, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Hôpitall'Archet, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Yvan de Launoit
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université de Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Rene J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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25
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Gu XY, Liu BL, Zang KK, Yang L, Xu H, Pan HL, Zhao ZQ, Zhang YQ. Dexmedetomidine inhibits Tetrodotoxin-resistant Nav1.8 sodium channel activity through Gi/o-dependent pathway in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Mol Brain 2015; 8:15. [PMID: 25761941 PMCID: PMC4350947 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemically administered dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective α2 adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonists, produces analgesia and sedation. Peripherally restricted α2-AR antagonist could block the analgesic effect of systemic DEX on neuropathic pain, with no effect on sedation, indicating peripheral analgesic effect of DEX. Tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium channel Nav1.8 play important roles in the conduction of nociceptive sensation. Both α2-AR and Nav1.8 are found in small nociceptive DRG neurons. We, therefore, investigated the effects of DEX on the Nav1.8 currents in acutely dissociated small-diameter DRG neurons. Results Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that DEX concentration-dependently suppressed TTX-R Nav1.8 currents in small-diameter lumbar DRG neurons. DEX also shifted the steady-state inactivation curves of Nav1.8 in a hyperpolarizing direction and increased the threshold of action potential and decrease electrical and chemical stimuli-evoked firings in small-diameter DRG neurons. The α2-AR antagonist yohimbine or α2A-AR antagonist BRL44408 but not α2B-AR antagonist imiloxan blocked the inhibition of Nav1.8 currents by DEX. Immunohistochemistry results showed that Nav1.8 was predominantly expressed in peripherin-positive small-diameter DRG neurons, and some of them were α2A-AR-positive ones. Our electrophysiological recordings also demonstrated that DEX-induced inhibition of Nav1.8 currents was prevented by intracellular application of G-protein inhibitor GDPβ-s or Gi/o proteins inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX), and bath application of adenylate cyclase (AC) activator forskolin or membrane-permeable cAMP analogue 8-Bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP). PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMP could mimic DEX-induced inhibition of Nav1.8 currents. Conclusions We established a functional link between α2-AR and Nav1.8 in primary sensory neurons utilizing the Gi/o/AC/cAMP/PKA pathway, which probably mediating peripheral analgesia of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yao Gu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ben-Long Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Kai-Kai Zang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hai-Li Pan
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhao
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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26
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Mickle AD, Shepherd AJ, Mohapatra DP. Sensory TRP channels: the key transducers of nociception and pain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:73-118. [PMID: 25744671 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral detection of nociceptive and painful stimuli by sensory neurons involves a complex repertoire of molecular detectors and/or transducers on distinct subsets of nerve fibers. The majority of such molecular detectors/transducers belong to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels, which comprise both specific receptors for distinct nociceptive stimuli, as well as for multiple stimuli. This chapter discusses the classification, distribution, and functional properties of individual TRP channel types that have been implicated in various nociceptive and/or painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Mickle
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesia, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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27
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Zholos AV. TRP Channels in Respiratory Pathophysiology: the Role of Oxidative, Chemical Irritant and Temperature Stimuli. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:279-91. [PMID: 26411771 PMCID: PMC4598440 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150331223118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is rapidly growing evidence indicating multiple and important roles of Ca(2+)- permeable cation TRP channels in the airways, both under normal and disease conditions. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of TRP channels in sensing oxidative, chemical irritant and temperature stimuli by discussing expression and function of several TRP channels in relevant cell types within the respiratory tract, ranging from sensory neurons to airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells. Several of these channels, such as TRPM2, TRPM8, TRPA1 and TRPV1, are discussed in much detail to show that they perform diverse, and often overlapping or contributory, roles in airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory disorders. These include TRPM2 involvement in the disruption of the bronchial epithelial tight junctions during oxidative stress, important roles of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels in airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, chronic cough, and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscles, as well as TRPM8 role in COPD and mucus hypersecretion. Thus, there is increasing evidence that TRP channels not only function as an integral part of the important endogenous protective mechanisms of the respiratory tract capable of detecting and ensuring proper physiological responses to various oxidative, chemical irritant and temperature stimuli, but that altered expression, activation and regulation of these channels may also contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zholos
- Department of Biophysics, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology", Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 2 Academician Glushkov Avenue, Kiev 03022, Ukraine.
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28
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Ferrandiz-Huertas C, Mathivanan S, Wolf CJ, Devesa I, Ferrer-Montiel A. Trafficking of ThermoTRP Channels. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:525-64. [PMID: 25257900 PMCID: PMC4194048 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ThermoTRP channels (thermoTRPs) define a subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that are activated by changes in the environmental temperature, from noxious cold to injurious heat. Acting as integrators of several stimuli and signalling pathways, dysfunction of these channels contributes to several pathological states. The surface expression of thermoTRPs is controlled by both, the constitutive and regulated vesicular trafficking. Modulation of receptor surface density during pathological processes is nowadays considered as an interesting therapeutic approach for management of diseases, such as chronic pain, in which an increased trafficking is associated with the pathological state. This review will focus on the recent advances trafficking of the thermoTRP channels, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM3, TRPM8 and TRPA1, into/from the plasma membrane. Particularly, regulated membrane insertion of thermoTRPs channels contributes to a fine tuning of final channel activity, and indeed, it has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches with successful clinical results such as disruption of SNARE-dependent exocytosis by botulinum toxin or botulinomimetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakthikumar Mathivanan
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Christoph Jakob Wolf
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Isabel Devesa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
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29
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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30
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Pertusa M, González A, Hardy P, Madrid R, Viana F. Bidirectional modulation of thermal and chemical sensitivity of TRPM8 channels by the initial region of the N-terminal domain. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21828-43. [PMID: 24917670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM8, a nonselective cation channel activated by cold, voltage, and cooling compounds such as menthol, is the principal molecular detector of cold temperatures in primary sensory neurons of the somatosensory system. The N-terminal domain of TRPM8 consists of 693 amino acids, but little is known about its contribution to channel function. Here, we identified two distinct regions within the initial N terminus of TRPM8 that contribute differentially to channel activity and proper folding and assembly. Deletion or substitution of the first 40 residues yielded channels with augmented responses to cold and menthol. The thermal threshold of activation of these mutants was shifted 2 °C to higher temperatures, and the menthol dose-response curve was displaced to lower concentrations. Site-directed mutagenesis screening revealed that single point mutations at positions Ser-26 or Ser-27 by proline caused a comparable increase in the responses to cold and menthol. Electrophysiological analysis of the S27P mutant revealed that the enhanced sensitivity to agonists is related to a leftward shift in the voltage dependence of activation, increasing the probability of channel openings at physiological membrane potentials. In addition, we found that the region encompassing positions 40-60 is a key element in the proper folding and assembly of TRPM8. Different deletions and mutations within this region rendered channels with an impaired function that are retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results suggest a critical contribution of the initial region of the N-terminal domain of TRPM8 to thermal and chemical sensitivity and the proper biogenesis of this polymodal ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pertusa
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and the Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro González
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and
| | - Paulina Hardy
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and
| | - Rodolfo Madrid
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and
| | - Félix Viana
- the Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
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Straub RH. TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8 channels in inflammation, energy redirection, and water retention: role in chronic inflammatory diseases with an evolutionary perspective. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:925-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Madrid R, Pertusa M. Intimacies and physiological role of the polymodal cold-sensitive ion channel TRPM8. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2014; 74:293-324. [PMID: 25366241 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800181-3.00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The detection of environmental temperature is critical for the survival of the most diverse organisms. Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (thermoTRP) channels have evolved as a class of ion channels activated by a wide range of temperatures. These molecular thermal sensors are spread through the different TRP channel subfamilies. Among the Melastatin subfamily of TRP channels, the eighth member, TRPM8, is a calcium-permeable cationic ion channel activated by cold, by substances that evoke cold sensation such as menthol, and by voltage. This channel is considered the main molecular entity responsible for the sensitivity to cold of primary sensory neurons of the somatosensory system. Here we present to the readers a summary of some the most relevant biophysical properties, physiological role, and molecular intimacies of this polymodal thermoTRP channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Madrid
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Pertusa
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) was originally cloned from prostate tissue. Shortly thereafter, the protein was identified as a cold- and menthol-activated ion channel in peripheral sensory neurons, where it plays a critical role in cold temperature detection. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of the molecular and biophysical properties, the pharmacology, and the modulation by signaling molecules of this TRP channel. Finally, we examine the physiological role of TRPM8 and its emerging link to various human diseases, including pain, prostate cancer, dry eye disease, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Almaraz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avenida S. Ramón y Cajal s.n., San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain
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Vinuela-Fernandez I, Sun L, Jerina H, Curtis J, Allchorne A, Gooding H, Rosie R, Holland P, Tas B, Mitchell R, Fleetwood-Walker S. The TRPM8 channel forms a complex with the 5-HT(1B) receptor and phospholipase D that amplifies its reversal of pain hypersensitivity. Neuropharmacology 2013; 79:136-51. [PMID: 24269608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Effective relief from chronic hypersensitive pain states remains an unmet need. Here we report the discovery that the TRPM8 ion channel, co-operating with the 5-HT(1B) receptor (5-HT(1B)R) in a subset of sensory afferents, exerts an influence at the spinal cord level to suppress central hypersensitivity in pain processing throughout the central nervous system. Using cell line models, ex vivo rat neural tissue and in vivo pain models, we assessed functional Ca(2+) fluorometric responses, protein:protein interactions, immuno-localisation and reflex pain behaviours, with pharmacological and molecular interventions. We report 5-HT(1B)R expression in many TRPM8-containing afferents and direct interaction of these proteins in a novel multi-protein signalling complex, which includes phospholipase D1 (PLD1). We provide evidence that the 5-HT(1B)R activates PLD1 to subsequently activate PIP 5-kinase and generate PIP2, an allosteric enhancer of TRPM8, achieving a several-fold increase in potency of TRPM8 activation. The enhanced activation responses of synaptoneurosomes prepared from spinal cord and cortical regions of animals with a chronic inflammatory pain state are inhibited by TRPM8 activators that were applied in vivo topically to the skin, an effect potentiated by co-administered 5-HT(1B)R agonists and attenuated by 5-HT(1B)R antagonists, while 5-HT(1B)R agents alone had no detectable effect. Corresponding results are seen when assessing reflex behaviours in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Control experiments with alternative receptor/TRP channel combinations reveal no such synergy. Identification of this novel receptor/effector/channel complex and its impact on nociceptive processing give new insights into possible strategies for enhanced analgesia in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Vinuela-Fernandez
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Liting Sun
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Jerina
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - John Curtis
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Allchorne
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Gooding
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Rosie
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Holland
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Basak Tas
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Mitchell
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.
| | - Sue Fleetwood-Walker
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.
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Opiates Modulate Thermosensation by Internalizing Cold Receptor TRPM8. Cell Rep 2013; 4:504-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Li Q, Zhou XD, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM. Salidroside reduces cold-induced mucin production by inhibiting TRPM8 activation. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:637-46. [PMID: 23835496 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Salidroside is an effective component of the traditional Chinese herb, Rhodiola rosea, that is known to have the ability to protect individuals from cold attacks. In the present study, we investigated the effects of salidroside on respiratory epithelial cells exposed to cold temperatures. We wished to determine whether salidroside exerts any effect on cold-induced mucin (MUC) production and the possible mechanisms involved in this process. We incubated HBE16 cells with salidroside, exposed them to a cold stimulus (18˚C), and assayed the following endpoints: MUC production (the expression of MUC5AC), concentration intracellular of free calcium ([Ca2+]i), the activation of the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel and the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Our results revealed a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i concentration, as well as in TRPM8 and CREB expression in the cold-stimulated cells. MUC5AC expression was also increased. Treatment of the cells with salidroside at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM decreased the [Ca2+]i concentration, with a maximal effect detected in the cells treated with 100 µM salidroside. The expression of TRPM8 and TRPM8 channel conductivity were also repressed by salidroside; salidroside decreased the high levels of CREB activity and phosphorylation observed in the cold-stimulated cells. Furthermore, we transfected the cold-stimulated cells with CREB small interfering RNA (siRNA) to analyze TRPM8 gene expression in the absence of CREB activity. The results revealed that the cells treated with either CREB siRNA or salidroside expressed low levels of TRPM8 mRNA and protein. These results indicate that salidroside reduces MUC overproduction induced by cold stimuli and that salidroside exerts its protective effects by inhibiting TRPM8 activation, mainly by decreasing CREB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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37
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The influence of TRPM8 ion channel activation on immune response at different temperature conditions. J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vay L, Gu C, McNaughton PA. Current perspectives on the modulation of thermo-TRP channels: new advances and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:687-704. [PMID: 22111750 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The thermo transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, a recently discovered family of ion channels activated by temperature, are expressed in primary sensory nerve terminals, where they provide information regarding thermal changes in the environment. Six thermo-TRPs have been characterized to date: TRPV1-4, which respond to different levels of warmth and heat, and TRPM8 and TRPA1, which respond to cool temperatures. We review the current state of knowledge of thermo-TRPs, and of the modulation of their thermal thresholds by a range of inflammatory mediators. Blockers of these channels are likely to have therapeutic uses as novel analgesics but may also cause unacceptable side effects. Controlling the modulation of thermo-TRPs by inflammatory mediators may be a useful alternative strategy in developing novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vay
- Deptartment of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
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Hulse RP, Donaldson LF, Wynick D. Differential roles of galanin on mechanical and cooling responses at the primary afferent nociceptor. Mol Pain 2012; 8:41. [PMID: 22672616 PMCID: PMC3404965 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galanin is expressed in a small percentage of intact small diameter sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and in the afferent terminals of the superficial lamina of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The neuropeptide modulates nociception demonstrating dose-dependent pro- and anti-nociceptive actions in the naïve animal. Galanin also plays an important role in chronic pain, with the anti-nociceptive actions enhanced in rodent neuropathic pain models. In this study we compared the role played by galanin and its receptors in mechanical and cold allodynia by identifying individual rat C-fibre nociceptors and characterising their responses to mechanical or acetone stimulation. Results Mechanically evoked responses in C-fibre nociceptors from naive rats were sensitised after close intra-arterial infusion of galanin or Gal2-11 (a galanin receptor-2/3 agonist) confirming previous data that galanin modulates nociception via activation of GalR2. In contrast, the same dose and route of administration of galanin, but not Gal2-11, inhibited acetone and menthol cooling evoked responses, demonstrating that this inhibitory mechanism is not mediated by activation of GalR2. We then used the partial saphenous nerve ligation injury model of neuropathic pain (PSNI) and the complete Freund’s adjuvant model of inflammation in the rat and demonstrated that close intra-arterial infusion of galanin, but not Gal2-11, reduced cooling evoked nociceptor activity and cooling allodynia in both paradigms, whilst galanin and Gal2-11 both decreased mechanical activation thresholds. A previously described transgenic mouse line which inducibly over-expresses galanin (Gal-OE) after nerve injury was then used to investigate whether manipulating the levels of endogenous galanin also modulates cooling evoked nociceptive behaviours after PSNI. Acetone withdrawal behaviours in naive mice showed no differences between Gal-OE and wildtype (WT) mice. 7-days after PSNI Gal-OE mice demonstrated a significant reduction in the duration of acetone-induced nociceptive behaviours compared to WT mice. Conclusions These data identify a novel galaninergic mechanism that inhibits cooling evoked neuronal activity and nociceptive behaviours via a putative GalR1 mode of action that would also be consistent with a TRP channel-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Hulse
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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40
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Yudin Y, Rohacs T. Regulation of TRPM8 channel activity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 353:68-74. [PMID: 22061619 PMCID: PMC3295897 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a Ca(2+) permeable non-selective cation channel directly activated by cold temperatures and chemical agonists such as menthol. It is a well established sensor of environmental cold temperatures, found in peripheral sensory neurons, where its activation evokes depolarization and action potentials. The activity of TRPM8 is regulated by a number of cellular signaling pathways, most notably by phosphoinositides and the activation of phospholipase C. This review will summarize current knowledge on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TRPM8 and its regulation by various intracellular messenger molecules and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen Yudin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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41
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Vay L, Gu C, McNaughton PA. The thermo-TRP ion channel family: properties and therapeutic implications. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:787-801. [PMID: 21797839 PMCID: PMC3312478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermo-transient receptor potentials (TRPs), a recently discovered family of ion channels activated by temperature, are expressed in primary sensory nerve terminals where they provide information about thermal changes in the environment. Six thermo-TRPs have been characterised to date: TRP vanilloid (TRPV) 1 and 2 are activated by painful levels of heat, TRPV3 and 4 respond to non-painful warmth, TRP melastatin 8 is activated by non-painful cool temperatures, while TRP ankyrin (TRPA) 1 is activated by painful cold. The thermal thresholds of many thermo-TRPs are known to be modulated by extracellular mediators, released by tissue damage or inflammation, such as bradykinin, PG and growth factors. There have been intensive efforts recently to develop antagonists of thermo-TRP channels, particularly of the noxious thermal sensors TRPV1 and TRPA1. Blockers of these channels are likely to have therapeutic uses as novel analgesics, but may also cause unacceptable side effects. Controlling the modulation of thermo-TRPs by inflammatory mediators may be a useful alternative strategy in developing novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vay
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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42
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Ma S, Yu H, Zhao Z, Luo Z, Chen J, Ni Y, Jin R, Ma L, Wang P, Zhu Z, Li L, Zhong J, Liu D, Nilius B, Zhu Z. Activation of the cold-sensing TRPM8 channel triggers UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and prevents obesity. J Mol Cell Biol 2012; 4:88-96. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjs001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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43
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Latorre R, Brauchi S, Madrid R, Orio P. A cool channel in cold transduction. Physiology (Bethesda) 2012; 26:273-85. [PMID: 21841075 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00004.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a calcium-permeable cation channel activated by cold, cooling compounds and voltage, is the main molecular entity responsible for detection of cold temperatures in the somatosensory system. Here, we review the biophysical properties, physiological role, and near-membrane trafficking of this exciting polymodal ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Latorre
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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44
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Farooqi AA, Javeed MK, Javed Z, Riaz AM, Mukhtar S, Minhaj S, Abbas S, Bhatti S. TRPM channels: same ballpark, different players, and different rules in immunogenetics. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:773-87. [PMID: 21932052 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels belong to a large family of cation channels and are the "border guards" predominantly localized to the plasma membrane. Research over the years has considerably and highly developed the knowledge of expression and functional aspects of the TRPM channels. A closer look at the channel dynamics has dismantled undeniable substantiation for multifaceted roles for TRPM channel-mediated extracellular Ca(2+) influx in several physiological and pathophysiological functions. Given the wealth of literature unfolding the multiple roles of TRP channels in physiology in a very extensive range of different mammalian tissues, this review confines itself to the literature describing the multiple roles of TRPM channels in diabetes, smooth muscle cell regulation, immunological responses, and emerging aspects of cancer. We also focus on differential activities of TRPM channels after post-transcriptional and post-translational processing and their exquisite roles at various cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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45
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Samudre S, Lattanzio FA, Lossen V, Hosseini A, Sheppard JD, McKown RL, Laurie GW, Williams PB. Lacritin, a novel human tear glycoprotein, promotes sustained basal tearing and is well tolerated. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:6265-70. [PMID: 21087963 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lacritin is a novel human tear glycoprotein that promotes basal tear peroxidase secretion by rat lacrimal acinar cells in vitro. This study investigates whether lacritin is prosecretory when added topically to the ocular surface of normal living rabbits, and if so, what is its efficacy and tolerability versus cyclosporine and artificial tears. METHODS Purified recombinant human lacritin (1, 10, 50, or 100 μg/mL), inactive lacritin truncation mutant C-25 (10 μg/mL), cyclosporine (0.05%), or artificial tears were topically administered to eyes of normal New Zealand White rabbits either as a single dose or three times daily for 14 days with monitoring of basal tear production. Basal tearing under proparacaine anesthesia was repeatedly assessed throughout and 1 week after chronic treatment ceased. Eyes were examined weekly by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. RESULTS Lacritin acutely increased basal tearing to 30% over vehicle at 240 minutes. Three times daily treatment with 10-100 μg/mL lacritin was well tolerated. Basal tearing became progressively elevated 4, 7, and 14 days later and was 50% over baseline (50 μg/mL lacritin) 1 week after treatment had ceased. Cyclosporine elevated tearing to a similar level on days 4 and 7 but had little or no effect on day 14 and had returned to baseline 1 week after ending treatment. C-25 and artificial tears had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Lacritin acutely stimulates basal tear flow that is sustained for at least 240 minutes. Two weeks of lacritin treatment three times daily was well tolerated and progressively elevated the basal tear flow. One week after treatment ended, basal tearing was still 50% over baseline. In contrast, cyclosporine triggered mild to moderate corneal irritation and a temporary elevation in tearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Samudre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23501, USA.
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46
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Kim J, Cowan A, Lisek R, Raymondi N, Rosenthal A, Hirsch DD, Rawls SM. Icilin-evoked behavioral stimulation is attenuated by alpha₂-adrenoceptor activation. Brain Res 2011; 1384:110-7. [PMID: 21315691 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Icilin is a transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (TRPM8) agonist that produces behavioral activation in rats and mice. Its hallmark overt pharmacological effect is wet-dog shakes (WDS) in rats. The vigorous shaking associated with icilin is dependent on NMDA receptor activation and nitric oxide production, but little else is known about the biological systems that modulate the behavioral phenomenon. The present study investigated the hypothesis that alpha(2)-adrenoceptor activation inhibits icilin-induced WDS. Rats injected with icilin (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5mg/kg, i.p.) displayed dose-related WDS that were inhibited by pretreatment with a fixed dose of clonidine (0.15 mg/kg, s.c.). Shaking behavior caused by a fixed dose (2.5mg/kg) of icilin was also inhibited in a dose-related manner by clonidine pretreatment (0.03-0.15 mg/kg, s.c.) and reduced by clonidine posttreatment (0.15 mg/kg, s.c.). Pretreatment with a peripherally restricted alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, ST91 (0.075, 0.15 mg/kg), also decreased the incidence of shaking elicited by 2.5mg/kg of icilin. Pretreatment with yohimbine (2mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced the shaking induced by a low dose of icilin (0.5mg/kg). The imidazoline site agonists, agmatine (150mg/kg, i.p.) and 2-BFI (7 mg/kg, i.p.), did not affect icilin-evoked shaking. These results suggest that alpha(2)-adrenoceptor activation inhibits shaking induced by icilin and that increases in peripheral, as well as central, alpha(2)-adrenoceptor signaling oppose the behavioral stimulant effect of icilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University Health Sciences Center, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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47
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Martínez-López P, Treviño CL, de la Vega-Beltrán JL, De Blas G, Monroy E, Beltrán C, Orta G, Gibbs GM, O'Bryan MK, Darszon A. TRPM8 in mouse sperm detects temperature changes and may influence the acrosome reaction. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1620-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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48
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Bavencoffe A, Kondratskyi A, Gkika D, Mauroy B, Shuba Y, Prevarskaya N, Skryma R. Complex regulation of the TRPM8 cold receptor channel: role of arachidonic acid release following M3 muscarinic receptor stimulation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9849-55. [PMID: 21245133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.162016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold/menthol-activated TRPM8 (transient receptor potential channel melastatin member 8) is primarily expressed in sensory neurons, where it constitutes the principal receptor of environmental innocuous cold. TRPM8 has been shown to be regulated by multiple influences such as phosphorylation, pH, Ca(2+), and lipid messengers. One such messenger is arachidonic acid (AA), which has been shown to inhibit TRPM8 channel activity. However, the physiological pathways mediating the inhibitory effect of AA on TRPM8 still remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TRPM8 is regulated via M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-coupled signaling cascade based on the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cPLA2-catalyzed derivation of AA. Stimulation of M3 receptors heterologously co-expressed with TRPM8 in HEK-293 cells by nonselective muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine methiodide (Oxo-M), caused inhibition of TRPM8-mediated membrane current, which could be mimicked by AA and antagonized by pharmacological or siRNA-mediated cPLA2 silencing. Our results demonstrate the intracellular functional link between M3 receptor and TRPM8 channel via cPLA2/AA and suggest a novel physiological mechanism of arachidonate-mediated regulation of TRPM8 channel activity through muscarinic receptors. We also summarize the existing TRPM8 regulations and discuss their physiological and pathological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bavencoffe
- Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F59656 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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49
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Liu Y, Qin N. TRPM8 in health and disease: cold sensing and beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 704:185-208. [PMID: 21290296 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on TRPM8, one of the approximately 30 members of the diverse family of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Initially identified from the prostate, TRPM8 has been studied more extensively in the sensory system and is best established as a major transducer of environmental cold temperatures. An increasing body of evidence suggests that it may also be an important player in various chronic conditions, such as inflammatory/neuropathic pain and prostate cancer. Small molecule compounds that selectively modulate TRPM8 are beginning to emerge and will be critically valuable for better understanding the role of this channel in both physiological and pathological states, on which the prospects of TRPM8 as a viable therapeutic target rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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50
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Sarria I, Gu J. Menthol response and adaptation in nociceptive-like and nonnociceptive-like neurons: role of protein kinases. Mol Pain 2010; 6:47. [PMID: 20727164 PMCID: PMC2936373 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-6-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Menthol-sensitive/capsaicin-insensitive neurons (MS/CI) and menthol-sensitive/capsaicin-sensitive neurons (MS/CS) are thought to represent two functionally distinct populations of cold-sensing neurons that use TRPM8 receptors to convey innocuous and noxious cold information respectively. However, TRPM8-mediated responses have not been well characterized in these two neuron populations. Using rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, here we show that MS/CI neurons had larger menthol responses with greater adaptation. In contrast, MS/CS neurons had smaller menthol responses with less adaptation. All menthol-sensitive neurons showed significant reduction of menthol responses following the treatment of cells with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator PDBu (Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate). PDBu-induced reduction of menthol responses was completely abolished in the presence of PKC inhibitors BIM (bisindolylmaleimide) or staurosporine. When menthol responses were examined in the presence of protein kinase inhibitors, it was found that the adaptation was significantly attenuated by either BIM or staurosporine and also by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CamKII) inhibitor KN62 (N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine) in MS/CI neurons. In contrast, in MS/CS neurons menthol response was not affected significantly by BIM, staurosporine or KN62. In both MS/CI and MS/CS neurons, the menthol responses were not affected by PKA activators forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP (8-Bromoadenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate) or by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-cAMPs (Rp-Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate). Taken together, these results suggest that TRPM8-mediated responses are significantly different between non-nociceptive-like and nociceptive-like neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sarria
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, PO Box 670531, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0531, USA
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