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Parker M, Zheng Z, Lasarev MR, Larsen MC, Vande Loo A, Alexandridis RA, Newton MA, Shelef MA, McCoy SS. Novel autoantibodies help diagnose anti-SSA antibody negative Sjögren disease and predict abnormal labial salivary gland pathology. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:1169-1180. [PMID: 38702176 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sjögren disease (SjD) diagnosis often requires either positive anti-SSA antibodies or a labial salivary gland biopsy with a positive focus score (FS). One-third of patients with SjD lack anti-SSA antibodies (SSA-), requiring a positive FS for diagnosis. Our objective was to identify novel autoantibodies to diagnose 'seronegative' SjD. METHODS IgG binding to a high-density whole human peptidome array was quantified using sera from SSA- SjD cases and matched non-autoimmune controls. We identified the highest bound peptides using empirical Bayesian statistical filters, which we confirmed in an independent cohort comprising SSA- SjD (n=76), sicca-controls without autoimmunity (n=75) and autoimmune-feature controls (SjD features but not meeting SjD criteria; n=41). In this external validation, we used non-parametric methods for binding abundance and controlled false discovery rate in group comparisons. For predictive modelling, we used logistic regression, model selection methods and cross-validation to identify clinical and peptide variables that predict SSA- SjD and FS positivity. RESULTS IgG against a peptide from D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD2) bound more in SSA- SjD than sicca-controls (p=0.004) and combined controls (sicca-controls and autoimmune-feature controls combined; p=0.003). IgG against peptides from retroelement silencing factor-1 and DTD2 were bound more in FS-positive than FS-negative participants (p=0.010; p=0.012). A predictive model incorporating clinical variables showed good discrimination between SjD versus control (area under the curve (AUC) 74%) and between FS-positive versus FS-negative (AUC 72%). CONCLUSION We present novel autoantibodies in SSA- SjD that have good predictive value for SSA- SjD and FS positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Parker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zihao Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael R Lasarev
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michele C Larsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Addie Vande Loo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Roxana A Alexandridis
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael A Newton
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miriam A Shelef
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara S McCoy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Barreda D, Grinstein S, Freeman SA. Target lysis by cholesterol extraction is a rate limiting step in the resolution of phagolysosomes. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151382. [PMID: 38171214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing phagocytic activity of macrophages necessitates an extraordinary capacity to digest and resolve incoming material. While the initial steps leading to the formation of a terminal phagolysosome are well studied, much less is known about the later stages of this process, namely the degradation and resolution of the phagolysosomal contents. We report that the degradation of targets such as splenocytes and erythrocytes by phagolysosomes occurs in a stepwise fashion, requiring lysis of their plasmalemmal bilayer as an essential initial step. This is achieved by the direct extraction of cholesterol facilitated by Niemann-Pick protein type C2 (NPC2), which in turn hands off cholesterol to NPC1 for export from the phagolysosome. The removal of cholesterol ulimately destabilizes and permeabilizes the membrane of the phagocytic target, allowing access of hydrolases to its internal compartments. In contrast, we found that saposins, which activate the hydrolysis of sphingolipids, are required for lysosomal tubulation, yet are dispensable for the resolution of targets by macrophages. The extraction of cholesterol by NPC2 is therefore envisaged as rate-limiting in the clearance of membrane-bound targets such as apoptotic cells. Selective cholesterol removal appears to be a primary mechanism that enables professional phagocytes to distinguish the target membrane from the phagolysosomal membrane and may be conserved in the resolution of autolysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Barreda
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Chadwick SR, Barreda D, Wu JZ, Ye G, Yusuf B, Ren D, Freeman SA. Two-pore channels regulate endomembrane tension to enable remodeling and resolution of phagolysosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309465121. [PMID: 38354262 PMCID: PMC10895354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309465121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes promptly resolve ingested targets to replenish lysosomes and maintain their responsiveness. The resolution process requires that degradative hydrolases, solute transporters, and proteins involved in lipid traffic are delivered and made active in phagolysosomes. It also involves extensive membrane remodeling. We report that cation channels that localize to phagolysosomes were essential for resolution. Specifically, the conductance of Na+ by two-pore channels (TPCs) and the presence of a Na+ gradient between the phagolysosome lumen and the cytosol were critical for the controlled release of membrane tension that permits deformation of the limiting phagolysosome membrane. In turn, membrane deformation was a necessary step to efficiently transport the cholesterol extracted from cellular targets, permeabilizing them to hydrolases. These results place TPCs as regulators of endomembrane remodeling events that precede target degradation in cases when the target is bound by a cholesterol-containing membrane. The findings may help to explain lipid metabolism dysfunction and autophagic flux impairment reported in TPC KO mice and establish stepwise regulation to the resolution process that begins with lysis of the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Chadwick
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Dante Barreda
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jing Ze Wu
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gang Ye
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Bushra Yusuf
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Spencer A. Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
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4
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Parker M, Zheng Z, Lasarev M, Alexandridis RA, Newton MA, Shelef MA, McCoy SS. Novel autoantibodies help diagnose anti-SSA antibody negative Sjögren's disease and predict abnormal labial salivary gland pathology. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.29.23294775. [PMID: 37693588 PMCID: PMC10491389 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.23294775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Sj□gren's disease (SjD) diagnosis requires either positive anti-SSA antibodies or a labial salivary gland biopsy with a positive focus score (FS). One-third of SjD patients lack anti-SSA antibodies (SSA-), requiring a positive FS for diagnosis. Our objective was to identify novel autoantibodies to diagnose 'seronegative' SjD. Methods IgG binding to a high density whole human peptidome array was quantified using sera from SSA- SjD cases and matched non-autoimmune controls. We identified the highest bound peptides using empirical Bayesian statistical filters, which we confirmed in an independent cohort comprising SSA- SjD (n=76), sicca controls without autoimmunity (n=75), and autoimmune controls (SjD features but not meeting SjD criteria; n=41). In this external validation, we used non-parametric methods for peptide abundance and controlled false discovery rate in group comparisons. For predictive modeling, we used logistic regression, model selection methods, and cross-validation to identify clinical and peptide variables that predict SSA- SjD and FS positivity. Results IgG against a peptide from D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD2) was bound more in SSA- SjD than sicca controls (p=.004) and more than combined controls (sicca and autoimmune controls combined; p=0.003). IgG against peptides from retroelement silencing factor-1 (RESF1) and DTD2, were bound more in FS-positive than FS-negative participants (p=.010; p=0.012). A predictive model incorporating clinical variables showed good discrimination between SjD versus control (AUC 74%) and between FS-positive versus FS-negative (AUC 72%). Conclusion We present novel autoantibodies in SSA- SjD that have good predictive value for SSA- SjD and FS-positivity. KEY MESSAGES What is already known on this topic - Seronegative (anti-SSA antibody negative [SSA-]) Sjögren's disease (SjD) requires a labial salivary gland biopsy for diagnosis, which is challenging to obtain and interpret. What this study adds - We identified novel autoantibodies in SSA- SjD that, when combined with readily available clinical variables, provide good predictive ability to discriminate 1) SSA- SjD from control participants and 2) abnormal salivary gland biopsies from normal salivary gland biopsies. How this study might affect research, practice or policy - This study provides novel diagnostic antibodies addressing the critical need for improvement of SSA- SjD diagnostic tools.
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Liu Y, Li S, Wang S, Yang Q, Wu Z, Zhang M, Chen L, Sun Z. LIMP-2 enhances cancer stem-like cell properties by promoting autophagy-induced GSK3β degradation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:24. [PMID: 37291150 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs) play an integral role in the heterogeneity, metastasis, and treatment resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) due to their high tumor initiation capacity and plasticity. Here, we identified a candidate gene named LIMP-2 as a novel therapeutic target regulating HNSCC progression and CSC properties. The high expression of LIMP-2 in HNSCC patients suggested a poor prognosis and potential immunotherapy resistance. Functionally, LIMP-2 can facilitate autolysosome formation to promote autophagic flux. LIMP-2 knockdown inhibits autophagic flux and reduces the tumorigenic ability of HNSCC. Further mechanistic studies suggest that enhanced autophagy helps HNSCC maintain stemness and promotes degradation of GSK3β, which in turn facilitates nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcription of downstream target genes. In conclusion, this study reveals LIMP-2 as a novel prospective therapeutic target for HNSCC and provides evidence for a link between autophagy, CSC, and immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhizhong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Rieu Q, Bougoüin A, Zagar Y, Chatagnon J, Hamieh A, Enderlin J, Huby T, Nandrot EF. Pleiotropic Roles of Scavenger Receptors in Circadian Retinal Phagocytosis: A New Function for Lysosomal SR-B2/LIMP-2 at the RPE Cell Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073445. [PMID: 35408805 PMCID: PMC8998831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal phagocytic machinery resembles the one used by macrophages to clear apoptotic cells. However, in the retina, the permanent contact between photoreceptor outer segments (POS) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells requires a tight control of this circadian machinery. In addition to the known receptors synchronizing POS internalization, several others are expressed by RPE cells. Notably, scavenger receptor CD36 has been shown to intervene in the internalization speed. We thus investigated members of the scavenger receptor family class A SR-AI and MARCO and class B CD36, SR-BI and SR-B2/LIMP-2 using immunoblotting, immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry, lipid raft flotation gradients, phagocytosis assays after siRNA/antibody inhibition, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis along the light:dark cycle. All receptors were expressed by RPE cell lines and tissues and colocalized with POS, except SR-BI. All receptors were associated with lipid rafts, and even more upon POS challenge. SR-B2/LIMP-2 inhibition suggested a role in the control of the internalization speed similar to CD36. In vivo, MARCO and CD36 displayed rhythmic gene and protein expression patterns concomitant with the phagocytic peak. Taken together, our results indicate that CD36 and SR-B2/LIMP-2 play a direct regulatory role in POS phagocytosis dynamics, while the others such as MARCO might participate in POS clearance by RPE cells either as co-receptors or via an indirect process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Rieu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Antoine Bougoüin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Yvrick Zagar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Jonathan Chatagnon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Abdallah Hamieh
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Julie Enderlin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Thierry Huby
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Emeline F. Nandrot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-5346-2541; Fax: +33-1-5346-2602
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Sun YL, Li XP, Sun L. Pol-miR-150 regulates anti-bacterial and viral infection in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) via the lysosomal protein LMP2L. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 254:110578. [PMID: 33609809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MiR-150 is a microRNA (miRNA) present in a number of teleost species, but its target and regulation mechanism are unknown. Similarly, lysosome membrane protein 2-like (LMP2L) is a gene identified in fish but with unknown function. In this study, we examined the regulation mechanism and function of flounder miR-150 (named pol-miR-150) and its target gene LMP2L (named PoLMP2L) in association with bacterial and viral infection. We found that pol-miR-150 expression was not only modulated by the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus iniae but also by the viral pathogen megalocytivirus. Pol-miR-150 targeted PoLMP2L by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PoLMP2L and inhibited PoLMP2L expression in vitro and in vivo. PoLMP2L is a member of the CD36 superfamily of scavenger receptors and homologous to but phylogenetically distinct from lysosomal integral membrane protein type 2 (LIMP2). PoLMP2L was localized mainly in the lysosomes and expressed in multiple organs of flounder. In vivo knockdown and overexpression of PoLMP2L enhanced and suppressed, respectively, S. iniae dissemination in flounder tissues, whereas in vivo knockdown and overexpression of pol-miR-150 produced the opposite effects on S. iniae dissemination. In addition, pol-miR-150 knockdown also significantly inhibited the replication of megalocytivirus. The results of this study revealed the regulation mechanism and immune functions of fish miR-150 and LMP2L, and indicated that LMP2L and miR-150 play an important role in the antimicrobial immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Tan F, Cao M, Ge X, Li C, Tian M, Zhang L, Fu Q, Song L, Yang N. Identification and initial functional characterization of lysosomal integral membrane protein type 2 (LIMP-2) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 99:103412. [PMID: 31176756 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The immune system protects organism from external pathogens, this progress starts with the pathogen recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). As a group of PRRs, the class B scavenger receptors showed important roles in phagocytosis. Among three class B scavenger receptors, lysosomal integral membrane protein type 2 (LIMP-2) was reported to present in the limiting membranes of lysosomes and late endosomes, but its immune roles in teleost species are still limited in handful species. Here, we characterized LIMP-2 gene in turbot, and its expression patterns in mucosal barriers following different bacterial infection, as well as ligand binding activities to different microbial ligands and agglutination assay with different bacteria. In our results, one SmLIMP2 gene was identified with a 1,593 bp open reading frame (ORF). The multiple species comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed the closest relationship to Paralichthys olivaceus, the genomic structure analysis and syntenic analysis revealed the conservation of LIMP-2 during evolution. In tissue distribution analysis, SmLIMP-2 was expressed in all the examined turbot tissues, with the highest expression level in brain, and the lowest expression level in liver. In addition, SmLIMP-2 was significantly up-regulated in all the mucosal tissues (skin, gill and intestine) following Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio anguillarum infection, and was only up-regulated in gill following Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus iniae challenge. Finally, the rSmLIMP-2 showed strong binding ability to all the examined microbial ligands, and strong agglutination with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and V. anguillarum. Taken together, our results suggested SmLIMP-2 played important roles in fish immune response to bacterial infection. However, further functional studies should be carried out to better characterize its detailed roles in teleost immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Tan
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xuefeng Ge
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Mengyu Tian
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Sattler N, Bosmani C, Barisch C, Guého A, Gopaldass N, Dias M, Leuba F, Bruckert F, Cosson P, Soldati T. Functions of the Dictyostelium LIMP-2 and CD36 homologues in bacteria uptake, phagolysosome biogenesis and host cell defence. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs218040. [PMID: 30054386 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic cells take up, kill and digest microbes by a process called phagocytosis. To this end, these cells bind the particle, rearrange their actin cytoskeleton, and orchestrate transport of digestive factors to the particle-containing phagosome. The mammalian lysosomal membrane protein LIMP-2 (also known as SCARB2) and CD36, members of the class B of scavenger receptors, play a crucial role in lysosomal enzyme trafficking and uptake of mycobacteria, respectively, and generally in host cell defences against intracellular pathogens. Here, we show that the Dictyostelium discoideum LIMP-2 homologue LmpA regulates phagocytosis and phagolysosome biogenesis. The lmpA knockdown mutant is highly affected in actin-dependent processes, such as particle uptake, cellular spreading and motility. Additionally, the cells are severely impaired in phagosomal acidification and proteolysis, likely explaining the higher susceptibility to infection with the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium marinum, a close cousin of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis Furthermore, we bring evidence that LmpB is a functional homologue of CD36 and specifically mediates uptake of mycobacteria. Altogether, these data indicate a role for LmpA and LmpB, ancestors of the family of which LIMP-2 and CD36 are members, in lysosome biogenesis and host cell defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Sattler
- Départment de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Sciences II, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève-4, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Bosmani
- Départment de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Sciences II, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève-4, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Barisch
- Départment de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Sciences II, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève-4, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Guého
- Départment de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Sciences II, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève-4, Switzerland
| | - Navin Gopaldass
- Départment de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Sciences II, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève-4, Switzerland
| | - Marco Dias
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Florence Leuba
- Départment de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Sciences II, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève-4, Switzerland
| | - Franz Bruckert
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique (LMGP), Grenoble Institute of Technology, 3 parvis Louis Néel, BP 257, 38016 Grenoble cedex 1, France
| | - Pierre Cosson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Départment de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Sciences II, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève-4, Switzerland
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10
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Wang G, Lin A, Han Q, Zhao H, Tian Z, Zhang J. IFN-γ protects from apoptotic neutrophil-mediated tissue injury during acute Listeria monocytogenes infection. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1470-1480. [PMID: 29935120 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a foodborne Gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can cause listeriosis in humans and animals. Although phagocytes are known to be involved in the response to this infection, the role of neutrophils is not entirely clear. Here, we have demonstrated that soon after LM infection, a large number of IFN-γ-producing neutrophils quickly accumulated in the spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that neutrophils were an important source of IFN-γ. IFN-γ played a critical protective role against acute LM infection, as demonstrated by the poor survival of Ifng-/- mice. Moreover, IFN-γ promoted bacterial clearance by the neutrophils, thereby inhibiting LM-induced neutrophil apoptosis and spleen damage. In addition to this, IFN-γ could effectively drive macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, which was accompanied with TGF-β secretion and was involved in protection against tissue injury. Importantly, by phagocytizing apoptotic neutrophils, macrophages obtained myeloperoxidase, an important bactericidal molecule only produced by neutrophils, which further promoted the antibacterial activity of macrophages. These findings demonstrate that neutrophils are an important source of IFN-γ at the early stage of LM infection, which is characterized by both LM elimination and tissue-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ang Lin
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Dibbens L, Schwake M, Saftig P, Rubboli G. SCARB2/LIMP2 deficiency in action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome. Epileptic Disord 2016; 18:63-72. [PMID: 27582254 DOI: 10.1684/epd.2016.0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome (AMRF) is an autosomal recessive progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) associated with renal dysfunction that appears in the second or third decade of life and that is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SCARB2 gene encoding lysosomal integral membrane protein type 2 (LIMP2). Recent reports have documented cases with PME associated with SCARB2 mutations without renal compromise. Additional neurological features can be demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss and dementia. The course of the disease in relentlessly progressive. In this paper we provide an updated overview of the clinical and genetic features of SCARB2-related PME and on the functions of the LIMP2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Dibbens
- Epilepsy Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, and Sansom Institute for Health Research, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Danish Epilepsy Center, Filadelfia/University of Copenhagen, Dianalund, Denmark, IRCCS, Institute of Neurologicak Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Zani IA, Stephen SL, Mughal NA, Russell D, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Wheatcroft SB, Ponnambalam S. Scavenger receptor structure and function in health and disease. Cells 2015; 4:178-201. [PMID: 26010753 PMCID: PMC4493455 DOI: 10.3390/cells4020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors (SRs) are a ‘superfamily’ of membrane-bound receptors that were initially thought to bind and internalize modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), though it is currently known to bind to a variety of ligands including endogenous proteins and pathogens. New family of SRs and their properties have been identified in recent years, and have now been classified into 10 eukaryote families, defined as Classes A-J. These receptors are classified according to their sequences, although in each class they are further classified based in the variations of the sequence. Their ability to bind a range of ligands is reflected on the biological functions such as clearance of modified lipoproteins and pathogens. SR members regulate pathophysiological states including atherosclerosis, pathogen infections, immune surveillance, and cancer. Here, we review our current understanding of SR structure and function implicated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izma Abdul Zani
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sam L Stephen
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nadeem A Mughal
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - David Russell
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | | | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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13
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Guo H, Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Yu H, Yin X, Li J, Du P, Plumas J, Chaperot L, Chen J, Su L, Liu Y, Zhang L. SCARB2/LIMP-2 Regulates IFN Production of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Mediating Endosomal Translocation of TLR9 and Nuclear Translocation of IRF7. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:4737-49. [PMID: 25862818 PMCID: PMC4506778 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) is essential for endosome biogenesis and reorganization and serves as a receptor for both β-glucocerebrosidase and enterovirus 71. However, little is known about its function in innate immune cells. In this study, we show that, among human peripheral blood cells, SCARB2 is most highly expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and its expression is further upregulated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation. Knockdown of SCARB2 in pDC cell line GEN2.2 dramatically reduces CpG-induced type I IFN production. Detailed studies reveal that SCARB2 localizes in late endosome/lysosome of pDCs, and knockdown of SCARB2 does not affect CpG oligodeoxynucleotide uptake but results in the retention of TLR9 in the endoplasmic reticulum and an impaired nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor 7. The IFN-I production by TLR7 ligand stimulation is also impaired by SCARB2 knockdown. However, SCARB2 is not essential for influenza virus or HSV-induced IFN-I production. These findings suggest that SCARB2 regulates TLR9-dependent IFN-I production of pDCs by mediating endosomal translocation of TLR9 and nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100080, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China
| | - Xuyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100080, China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100080, China
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100080, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100080, China
| | - Peishuang Du
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China
| | - Joel Plumas
- Department of Research and Development, Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes Grenoble, La Tronche 38701, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Department of Research and Development, Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes Grenoble, La Tronche 38701, France
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Lishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, BJ 100101, China;
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Key role for scavenger receptor B-I in the integrative physiology of host defense during bacterial pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:559-71. [PMID: 25336169 PMCID: PMC4406784 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor B-I (SR-BI) is a multirecognition receptor that regulates cholesterol trafficking and cardiovascular inflammation. Although it is expressed by neutrophils (PMNs) and lung-resident cells, no role for SR-BI has been defined in pulmonary immunity. Herein, we report that, compared with SR-BI(+/+) counterparts, SR-BI(-/-) mice suffer markedly increased mortality during bacterial pneumonia associated with higher bacterial burden in the lung and blood, deficient induction of the stress glucocorticoid corticosterone, higher serum cytokines, and increased organ injury. SR-BI(-/-) mice had significantly increased PMN recruitment and cytokine production in the infected airspace. This was associated with defective hematopoietic cell-dependent clearance of lipopolysaccharide from the airspace and increased cytokine production by SR-BI(-/-) macrophages. Corticosterone replacement normalized alveolar neutrophilia but not alveolar cytokines, bacterial burden, or mortality, suggesting that adrenal insufficiency derepresses PMN trafficking to the SR-BI(-/-) airway in a cytokine-independent manner. Despite enhanced alveolar neutrophilia, SR-BI(-/-) mice displayed impaired phagocytic killing. Bone marrow chimeras revealed this defect to be independent of the dyslipidemia and adrenal insufficiency of SR-BI(-/-) mice. During infection, SR-BI(-/-) PMNs displayed deficient oxidant production and CD11b externalization, and increased surface L-selectin, suggesting defective activation. Taken together, SR-BI coordinates several steps in the integrated neutrophilic host defense response to pneumonia.
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15
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Bronchalo-Vicente L, Rodriguez-Del Rio E, Freire J, Calderon-Gonzalez R, Frande-Cabanes E, Gomez-Roman JJ, Fernández-Llaca H, Yañez-Diaz S, Alvarez-Dominguez C. A novel therapy for melanoma developed in mice: transformation of melanoma into dendritic cells with Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117923. [PMID: 25760947 PMCID: PMC4356589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacteria and human pathogen widely used in cancer immunotherapy because of its capacity to induce a specific cytotoxic T cell response in tumours. This bacterial pathogen strongly induces innate and specific immunity with the potential to overcome tumour induced tolerance and weak immunogenicity. Here, we propose a Listeria based vaccination for melanoma based in its tropism for these tumour cells and its ability to transform in vitro and in vivo melanoma cells into matured and activated dendritic cells with competent microbicidal and antigen processing abilities. This Listeria based vaccination using low doses of the pathogen caused melanoma regression by apoptosis as well as bacterial clearance. Vaccination efficacy is LLO dependent and implies the reduction of LLO-specific CD4+ T cell responses, strong stimulation of innate pro-inflammatory immune cells and a prevalence of LLO-specific CD8+ T cells involved in tumour regression and Listeria elimination. These results support the use of low doses of pathogenic Listeria as safe melanoma therapeutic vaccines that do not require antibiotics for bacterial removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Bronchalo-Vicente
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Estela Rodriguez-Del Rio
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Freire
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ricardo Calderon-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Elisabet Frande-Cabanes
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Jose Javier Gomez-Roman
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Hector Fernández-Llaca
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Yañez-Diaz
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lee DHK, Gan PY, Katerelos M, Fraser SA, Gleich K, Holdsworth SR, Power DA. Absence of the lysosomal protein Limp-2 attenuates renal injury in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:400-8. [PMID: 24394995 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In humans, mutations of the intrinsic lysosomal protein SCARB2 are associated with myoclonic epilepsy, collapsing focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, and tubular proteinuria. Mice with deficiency of Limp-2 (the murine homologue) develop tubular proteinuria but not focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and they have a defect in macrophage function. To further elucidate the role of Limp-2 in immune function, we induced anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) model of crescentic glomerulonephritis in wild-type (WT) and Limp-2(-/-) littermates by intraperitoneal injections of nephrotoxic sheep serum. Renal injury and immune responses were assessed on day 14. Compared with WT, Limp-2(-/-) mice had significantly reduced crescent formation, interstitial inflammation and a trend to reduced tubulointerstitial injury. On day 1 during the heterologous phase of the disease, albuminuria was significantly increased in WT but not in Limp-2(-/-) mice. On day 14, albuminuria and renal function were similar in the two groups. There was, however, a significant reduction in the influx of glomerular macrophages and CD4(+) T cells in Limp-2(-/-) mice. Interleukin (IL)-4 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced. Despite the reduction in numbers of infiltrating cells, flow cytometry showed no difference in macrophage or T-cell numbers in the peripheral blood from untreated mice. The systemic humoral immune response, determined by glomerular mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition and mouse anti-sheep IgG subclass production, was similar in both groups. These data suggest that absence of Limp-2 reduces inflammation in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis with decreased macrophage and T-cell infiltration in the kidney. It suggests an important role for Limp-2 in mediating the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Hiu Kwong Lee
- 1] Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [3] Department of Renal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Poh-Yi Gan
- Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Centre of Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marina Katerelos
- The Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Andrew Fraser
- The Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurt Gleich
- The Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Roger Holdsworth
- Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Centre of Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Anthony Power
- 1] Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [3] The Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Calderón-González R, Frande-Cabanes E, Bronchalo-Vicente L, Lecea-Cuello MJ, Pareja E, Bosch-Martínez A, Fanarraga ML, Yañez-Díaz S, Carrasco-Marín E, Alvarez-Domínguez C. Cellular vaccines in listeriosis: role of the Listeria antigen GAPDH. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:22. [PMID: 24600592 PMCID: PMC3930854 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of live Listeria-based vaccines carries serious difficulties when administrated to immunocompromised individuals. However, cellular carriers have the advantage of inducing multivalent innate immunity as well as cell-mediated immune responses, constituting novel and secure vaccine strategies in listeriosis. Here, we compare the protective efficacy of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages and their safety. We examined the immune response of these vaccine vectors using two Listeria antigens, listeriolysin O (LLO) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and several epitopes such as the LLO peptides, LLO189−201 and LLO91−99 and the GAPDH peptide, GAPDH1−22. We discarded macrophages as safe vaccine vectors because they show anti-Listeria protection but also high cytotoxicity. DCs loaded with GAPDH1−22 peptide conferred higher protection and security against listeriosis than the widely explored LLO91−99 peptide. Anti-Listeria protection was related to the changes in DC maturation caused by these epitopes, with high production of interleukin-12 as well as significant levels of other Th1 cytokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, and with the induction of GAPDH1−22-specific CD4+ and CD8+ immune responses. This is believed to be the first study to explore the use of a novel GAPDH antigen as a potential DC-based vaccine candidate for listeriosis, whose efficiency appears to highlight the relevance of vaccine designs containing multiple CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Calderón-González
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Primera Planta-Laboratorio 124, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV Santander, Spain ; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria Santander, Spain
| | - Elisabet Frande-Cabanes
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Primera Planta-Laboratorio 124, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV Santander, Spain
| | - Lucía Bronchalo-Vicente
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Primera Planta-Laboratorio 124, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV Santander, Spain ; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla Santander, Spain
| | - M Jesús Lecea-Cuello
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV Santander, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pareja
- Information Technologies Research Group, Era7 Bioinformatics Granada, Spain
| | - Alexandre Bosch-Martínez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Primera Planta-Laboratorio 124, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV Santander, Spain
| | - Mónica L Fanarraga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria Santander, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Yañez-Díaz
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Primera Planta-Laboratorio 124, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV Santander, Spain ; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla Santander, Spain
| | - Eugenio Carrasco-Marín
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Domínguez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Primera Planta-Laboratorio 124, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV Santander, Spain
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18
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Han C, Song Y, Xiao H, Wang D, Franc NC, Jan LY, Jan YN. Epidermal cells are the primary phagocytes in the fragmentation and clearance of degenerating dendrites in Drosophila. Neuron 2014; 81:544-560. [PMID: 24412417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During developmental remodeling, neurites destined for pruning often degenerate on-site. Physical injury also induces degeneration of neurites distal to the injury site. Prompt clearance of degenerating neurites is important for maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing inflammatory responses. Here we show that in both dendrite pruning and dendrite injury of Drosophila sensory neurons, epidermal cells rather than hemocytes are the primary phagocytes in clearing degenerating dendrites. Epidermal cells act via Draper-mediated recognition to facilitate dendrite degeneration and to engulf and degrade degenerating dendrites. Using multiple dendritic membrane markers to trace phagocytosis, we show that two members of the CD36 family, croquemort (crq) and debris buster (dsb), act at distinct stages of phagosome maturation for dendrite clearance. Our finding reveals the physiological importance of coordination between neurons and their surrounding epidermis, for both dendrite fragmentation and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Han
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, Rock Hall, 1550 4 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuanquan Song
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, Rock Hall, 1550 4 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA92037, USA
| | - Denan Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, Rock Hall, 1550 4 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nathalie C Franc
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA92037, USA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, Rock Hall, 1550 4 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuh-Nung Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, Rock Hall, 1550 4 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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19
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Frande-Cabanes E, Fernandez-Prieto L, Calderon-Gonzalez R, Rodríguez-Del Río E, Yañez-Diaz S, López-Fanarraga M, Alvarez-Domínguez C. Dissociation of innate immune responses in microglia infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Glia 2013; 62:233-46. [PMID: 24311463 PMCID: PMC4068285 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, plays a central role in cerebral listeriosis. Here, we present evidence that microglia control Listeria infection differently than macrophages. Infection of primary microglial cultures and murine cell lines with Listeria resulted in a dual function of the two gene expression programmes involved in early and late immune responses in macrophages. Whereas the bacterial gene hly seems responsible for both transcriptional programmes in macrophages, Listeria induces in microglia only the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-regulated transcriptional programme. Listeria also represses in microglia the late immune response gathered in two clusters, microbial degradation, and interferon (IFN)-inducible genes. The bacterial gene actA was required in microglia to induce TNF-regulated responses and to repress the late response. Isolation of microglial phagosomes revealed a phagosomal environment unable to destroy Listeria. Microglial phagosomes were also defective in several signaling and trafficking components reported as relevant for Listeria innate immune responses. This transcriptional strategy in microglia induced high levels of TNF-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and low production of other neurotoxic compounds such as nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and Type I IFNs. These cytokines and toxic microglial products are also released by primary microglia, and this cytokine and chemokine cocktail display a low potential to trigger neuronal apoptosis. This overall bacterial strategy strongly suggests that microglia limit Listeria inflammation pattern exclusively through TNF-mediated responses to preserve brain integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Frande-Cabanes
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y vacunas, Instituto de Investigación y Formación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Primera Planta-Laboratorio 124, Avda. de Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
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20
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Satori CP, Henderson MM, Krautkramer EA, Kostal V, Distefano MM, Arriaga EA. Bioanalysis of eukaryotic organelles. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2733-811. [PMID: 23570618 PMCID: PMC3676536 DOI: 10.1021/cr300354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad P. Satori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Michelle M. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Elyse A. Krautkramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Vratislav Kostal
- Tescan, Libusina trida 21, Brno, 623 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry ASCR, Veveri 97, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mark M. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Edgar A. Arriaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
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21
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Gleich K, Desmond MJ, Lee D, Berkovic SF, Dibbens LM, Katerelos M, Bayly MA, Fraser SA, Martinello P, Vears DF, Mount P, Power DA. Abnormal Processing of Autophagosomes in Transformed B Lymphocytes from SCARB2-Deficient Subjects. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:40-6. [PMID: 23515316 PMCID: PMC3569928 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the intrinsic lysosomal membrane protein SCARB2 cause action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome (AMRF syndrome), a rare disease characterized by renal and neurological manifestations. In this study, examination of Cos7 cells transfected with SCARB2 cDNA derived from two patients with AMRF syndrome showed that the resultant protein was truncated and was not incorporated into vesicular structures, as occurred with full-length SCARB2 cDNA. Mutant SCARB2 protein failed to colocalize with lysosomes and was found in the endoplasmic reticulum or the cytosol indicating a loss of function. Cultured skin fibroblast and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid B cell lines (LCLs) were created from these two patients. Despite the loss of SCARB2 function, studies with lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP) 1 and LAMP2 demonstrated normal lysosomal numbers in fibroblasts and LCLs. Immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-LAMP1 and anti-LAMP2 antibodies also showed normal lysosomal structures in fibroblasts. There was no change in the morphology of fibroblasts examined by electron microscopy compared with cells from unaffected individuals. By contrast, LCLs from individuals bearing SCARB2 mutations had large intracellular vesicles that resembled autophagosomes and contained heterogeneous cellular debris. Some of the autophagosomes were seen to be extruding cellular contents into the media. Furthermore, LCLs had elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II, consistent with increased autophagy. These data demonstrate that SCARB2 mutations are associated with an inability to process autophagosomes in B lymphocytes, suggesting a novel function for SCARB2 in immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Gleich
- The Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health , Heidelberg, Australia
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22
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Carrasco-Marín E, Rodriguez-Del Rio E, Frande-Cabanes E, Tobes R, Pareja E, Lecea-Cuello MJ, Ruiz-Sáez M, Madrazo-Toca F, Hölscher C, Alvarez-Dominguez C. Phagosomes induced by cytokines function as anti-Listeria vaccines: novel role for functional compartmentalization of STAT-1 protein and cathepsin-D. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:14310-24. [PMID: 22337873 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.348615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagosomes are critical compartments for innate immunity. However, their role in the protection against murine listeriosis has not been examined. We describe here that listericidal phago-receptosomes are induced by the function of IFN-γ or IL-6 as centralized compartments for innate and adaptive immunity because they are able to confer protection against murine listeriosis. These phago-receptosomes elicited LLO(91-99)/CD8(+)- and LLO(189-201)/CD4(+)-specific immune responses and recruited mature dendritic cells to the vaccination sites controlled by T cells. Moreover, they present exceptional features as efficient vaccine vectors. First, they compartmentalize a novel listericidal STAT-1-mediated signaling pathway that confines multiple innate immune components to the same environment. Second, they show features of MHC class II antigen-loading competent compartments for cathepsin-D-mediated LLO processing. Third, murine cathepsin-D deficiencies fail to develop protective immunity after vaccination with listericidal phago-receptosomes induced by IFN-γ or IL-6. Therefore, it appears that the connection of STAT-1 and cathepsin-D in a single compartment is relevant for protection against listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Carrasco-Marín
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica de Infecciones Bacterianas e Inflamación, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV and Hospital Santa Cruz de Liencres, 39120-Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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23
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Rodriguez-Del Rio E, Frande-Cabanes E, Tobes R, Pareja E, Lecea-Cuello MJ, Ruiz-Sáez M, Carrasco-Marín E, Alvarez-Dominguez C. The intact structural form of LLO in endosomes cannot protect against listeriosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 2:207-218. [PMID: 22003433 PMCID: PMC3193297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
LLO is the major immuno-dominant antigen in listeriosis and is also required for protective immunity. Two forms of LLO can be observed in endosomal membranes, a LLO intact form and a Ctsd-processed LLO(1-491) form. Endosomes obtained from resting macrophages contained only LLO intact forms, while endosomes obtained from IFN-activated macrophages contained both forms. Both types of endosomes elicited LLO(90-91)/CD8(+) and LLO(189-201)/CD4(+) specific immune responses. However, only endosomes containing the Ctsd-processed LLO(1-491) form showed significant CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses similar to LM infected bone marrow derived macrophages and characteristic of protective Listeria immunity. Moreover, endosomes with intact LLO could not confer protection as vaccine carriers against murine listeriosis. While endosomes with Ctsd-processed LLO(1-491) form showed a moderate ability, slightly lower than high efficiency vaccine vectors as MØ infected with LM. These studies argue that all cell-free membrane vesicles might serve as valid vaccine carriers against infectious agents. Exclusively those cell-free vesicles MIIC competent for LLO processing are protective vaccines vectors since they recruit significant numbers of mature dendritic cells to the vaccination sites and contain a LLO(1-491) form that might be accessible for MHC class I and class II antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Rodriguez-Del Rio
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica de Infecciones Bacterianas e InflamaciónFundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV and Hospital Santa Cruz de Liencres (HUMV). Santander. CantabriaSpain
| | - Elisabet Frande-Cabanes
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica de Infecciones Bacterianas e InflamaciónFundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV and Hospital Santa Cruz de Liencres (HUMV). Santander. CantabriaSpain
| | - Raquel Tobes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Era7 Information Technologies SL, BIC Granada CEEIParque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud-Armilla. 18100-GranadaSpain
| | - Eduardo Pareja
- Bioinformatics Unit, Era7 Information Technologies SL, BIC Granada CEEIParque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud-Armilla. 18100-GranadaSpain
| | - M. Jesús Lecea-Cuello
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica de Infecciones Bacterianas e InflamaciónFundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV and Hospital Santa Cruz de Liencres (HUMV). Santander. CantabriaSpain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Sáez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica de Infecciones Bacterianas e InflamaciónFundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV and Hospital Santa Cruz de Liencres (HUMV). Santander. CantabriaSpain
| | - Eugenio Carrasco-Marín
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica de Infecciones Bacterianas e InflamaciónFundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV and Hospital Santa Cruz de Liencres (HUMV). Santander. CantabriaSpain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica de Infecciones Bacterianas e InflamaciónFundación Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV and Hospital Santa Cruz de Liencres (HUMV). Santander. CantabriaSpain
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24
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Desmond MJ, Lee D, Fraser SA, Katerelos M, Gleich K, Martinello P, Li YQ, Thomas MC, Michelucci R, Cole AJ, Saftig P, Schwake M, Stapleton D, Berkovic SF, Power DA. Tubular proteinuria in mice and humans lacking the intrinsic lysosomal protein SCARB2/Limp-2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F1437-47. [PMID: 21429972 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00015.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the intrinsic lysosomal protein human scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2; Limp-2 in mice) causes collapsing focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) and myoclonic epilepsy in humans, but patients with no apparent kidney damage have recently been described. We now demonstrate that these patients can develop tubular proteinuria. To determine the mechanism, mice deficient in Limp-2, the murine homolog of SCARB2, were studied. Most low-molecular-weight proteins filtered by the glomerulus are removed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) by megalin/cubilin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. Expression of megalin and cubilin was unchanged in Limp-2(-/-) mice, however, and the initial uptake of injected Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated bovine serum albumin (Alexa-BSA) was similar to wild-type mice, indicating that megalin/cubilin-dependent, receptor-mediated endocytosis was unaffected. There was a defect in proteolysis of reabsorbed proteins in the Limp-2(-/-) mice, demonstrated by the persistence of Alexa-BSA in the PCT compared with controls. This was associated with the failure of the lysosomal protease cathepsin B to colocalize with Alexa-BSA and endogenous retinol-binding protein in kidneys from Limp-2(-/-) mice. The data suggest that tubular proteinuria in Limp-2(-/-) mice is due to failure of endosomes containing reabsorbed proteins to fuse with lysosomes in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Failure of proteolysis is a novel mechanism for tubular proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Desmond
- Department of Nephrology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia
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