1
|
Zimmer SE, Kowalczyk AP. The desmosome as a dynamic membrane domain. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 90:102403. [PMID: 39079221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Cell junctions integrate extracellular signals with intracellular responses to polarize tissues, pattern organs, and maintain tissue architecture by promoting cell-cell adhesion and communication. In this review, we explore the mechanisms whereby the adhesive junctions, adherens junctions and desmosomes, co-assemble and then segregate into unique plasma membrane domains. In addition, we highlight emerging evidence that these junctions are spatially and functionally integrated with the endoplasmic reticulum to mediate stress sensing and calcium homeostasis. We conclude with a discussion of the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the mechanical stress response and how disruption of these connections may cause disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Zimmer
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bharathan NK, Mattheyses AL, Kowalczyk AP. The desmosome comes into focus. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202404120. [PMID: 39120608 PMCID: PMC11317759 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202404120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The desmosome is a cell-cell adhesive junction that provides integrity and mechanical resistance to tissues through its attachment to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Defects in desmosomes cause diseases impacting the heart, epidermis, and other epithelia. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the discovery of the desmosome and how the evolution of cellular imaging technologies revealed insights into desmosome structure and function. We also discuss recent findings using contemporary imaging approaches that have informed the molecular order, three-dimensional architecture, and associations of desmosomes with organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we provide an updated model of desmosome molecular organization and speculate upon novel functions of this cell junction as a signaling center for sensing mechanical and other forms of cell stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navaneetha Krishnan Bharathan
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Qian C. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in patients with head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:223. [PMID: 39192261 PMCID: PMC11348654 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficiency of controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in detecting the prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients has been investigated in some works, but no consistent findings are obtained. Therefore, this work focused on evaluating the precise prognostic role of CONUT for HNC patients through meta-analysis. METHODS The effect of CONUT on predicting the prognosis of HNC patients was evaluated through calculating combined hazard ratios (HRs) as well as 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The correlations of CONUT with clinicopathological features of HNC patients were investigated through combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CIs. This study used the random-effects model in the case of significant heterogeneity; or else, we selected the fixed-effects model. RESULTS There were eight articles involving 1,478 patients enrolled for the current meta-analysis. We adopted the fixed-effects model for OS and DFS analysis because of the non-significant heterogeneity. As demonstrated by our combined findings, high CONUT score could significantly predict the poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.55-2.44, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.45-2.56, p < 0.001) of HNC. In addition, higher CONUT score was significantly connected to T3-T4 stage (OR = 3.21, 95%CI = 1.94-5.31, p < 0.001) and N1-N3 stage (OR = 3.10, 95%CI = 1.74-5.53, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION According to findings in the present meta-analysis, high CONUT score significantly predicted the prognosis of OS and DFS for HNC patients. Higher CONUT score was also correlated to larger tumor size and LN metastasis in HNC. Due to it is a cost-effective and easily available parameter, CONUT could serve as promising prognostic biomarker for HNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caihua Qian
- Nursing Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Perl AL, Pokorny JL, Green KJ. Desmosomes at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261899. [PMID: 38940346 PMCID: PMC11234380 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are relatives of ancient cadherin-based junctions, which emerged late in evolution to ensure the structural integrity of vertebrate tissues by coupling the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to cell-cell junctions. Their ability to dynamically counter the contractile forces generated by actin-associated adherens junctions is particularly important in tissues under high mechanical stress, such as the skin and heart. Much more than the simple cellular 'spot welds' depicted in textbooks, desmosomes are in fact dynamic structures that can sense and respond to changes in their mechanical environment and external stressors like ultraviolet light and pathogens. These environmental signals are transmitted intracellularly via desmosome-dependent mechanochemical pathways that drive the physiological processes of morphogenesis and differentiation. This Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster review desmosome structure and assembly, highlight recent insights into how desmosomes integrate chemical and mechanical signaling in the epidermis, and discuss desmosomes as targets in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey L. Perl
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jenny L. Pokorny
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zimmer SE, Giang W, Levental I, Kowalczyk AP. The transmembrane domain of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-1 governs lipid raft association to promote desmosome adhesive strength. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590936. [PMID: 38712246 PMCID: PMC11071526 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains called lipid rafts are hypothesized to selectively coordinate protein complex assembly within the plasma membrane to regulate cellular functions. Desmosomes are mechanically resilient adhesive junctions that associate with lipid raft membrane domains, yet the mechanisms directing raft association of the desmosomal proteins, particularly the transmembrane desmosomal cadherins, are poorly understood. We identified the desmoglein-1 (DSG1) transmembrane domain (TMD) as a key determinant of desmoglein lipid raft association and designed a panel of DSG1 TMD variants to assess the contribution of TMD physicochemical properties (length, bulkiness, and palmitoylation) to DSG1 lipid raft association. Sucrose gradient fractionations revealed that TMD length and bulkiness, but not palmitoylation, govern DSG1 lipid raft association. Further, DSG1 raft association determines plakoglobin recruitment to raft domains. Super-resolution imaging and functional assays uncovered a strong relationship between the efficiency of DSG1 TMD lipid raft association and the formation of morphologically and functionally robust desmosomes. Lipid raft association regulated both desmosome assembly dynamics and DSG1 cell surface stability, indicating that DSG1 lipid raft association is required for both desmosome formation and maintenance. These studies identify the biophysical properties of desmoglein transmembrane domains as key determinants of lipid raft association and desmosome adhesive function.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghorai T, Sarkar A, Roy A, Bhowmick B, Nayak D, Das S. Role of auto-antibodies in the mechanisms of dengue pathogenesis and its progression: a comprehensive review. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:214. [PMID: 38616229 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A complex interaction among virulence factors, host-genes and host immune system is considered to be responsible for dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease progression. Generation of auto-antibodies during DENV infection is a major phenomenon that plays a role in the pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hemostasis, thrombocytopenia, hepatic endothelial dysfunction, and autoimmune blistering skin disease (pemphigus) are different clinical manifestations of dengue pathogenesis; produced due to the molecular mimicry of DENV proteins with self-antigens like coagulation factors, platelets and endothelial cell proteins. This review elaborately describes the current advancements in auto-antibody-mediated immunopathogenesis which inhibits coagulation cascade and promotes hyperfibrinolysis. Auto-antibodies like anti-endothelial cell antibodies-mediated hepatic inflammation during severe DENV infection have also been discussed. Overall, this comprehensive review provides insight to target auto-antibodies that may act as potential biomarkers for disease severity, and a ground for the development of therapeutic strategy against DENV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Ghorai
- Virology Laboratory, DAC Regional Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Avipsha Sarkar
- Virology Laboratory, DAC Regional Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Virology Laboratory, DAC Regional Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Bijita Bhowmick
- Virology Laboratory, DAC Regional Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Satadal Das
- Virology Laboratory, DAC Regional Research Institute, Kolkata, India.
- Peerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fülle JB, de Almeida RA, Lawless C, Stockdale L, Yanes B, Lane EB, Garrod DR, Ballestrem C. Proximity Mapping of Desmosomes Reveals a Striking Shift in Their Molecular Neighborhood Associated With Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100735. [PMID: 38342409 PMCID: PMC10943070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are multiprotein adhesion complexes that link intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane, ensuring the mechanical integrity of cells across tissues, but how they participate in the wider signaling network to exert their full function is unclear. To investigate this, we carried out protein proximity mapping using biotinylation (BioID). The combined interactomes of the essential desmosomal proteins desmocollin 2a, plakoglobin, and plakophilin 2a (Pkp2a) in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells were mapped and their differences and commonalities characterized as desmosome matured from Ca2+ dependence to the mature, Ca2+-independent, hyper-adhesive state, which predominates in tissues. Results suggest that individual desmosomal proteins have distinct roles in connecting to cellular signaling pathways and that these roles alter substantially when cells change their adhesion state. The data provide further support for a dualistic concept of desmosomes in which the properties of Pkp2a differ from those of the other, more stable proteins. This body of data provides an invaluable resource for the analysis of desmosome function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith B Fülle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liam Stockdale
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bian Yanes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David R Garrod
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Verkerk AJMH, Andrei D, Vermeer MCSC, Kramer D, Schouten M, Arp P, Verlouw JAM, Pas HH, Meijer HJ, van der Molen M, Oberdorf-Maass S, Nijenhuis M, Romero-Herrera PH, Hoes MF, Bremer J, Slotman JA, van den Akker PC, Diercks GFH, Giepmans BNG, Stoop H, Saris JJ, van den Ouweland AMW, Willemsen R, Hublin JJ, Dean MC, Hoogeboom AJM, Silljé HHW, Uitterlinden AG, van der Meer P, Bolling MC. Disruption of TUFT1, a Desmosome-Associated Protein, Causes Skin Fragility, Woolly Hair, and Palmoplantar Keratoderma. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:284-295.e16. [PMID: 37716648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomes are dynamic complex protein structures involved in cellular adhesion. Disruption of these structures by loss-of-function variants in desmosomal genes leads to a variety of skin- and heart-related phenotypes. In this study, we report TUFT1 as a desmosome-associated protein, implicated in epidermal integrity. In two siblings with mild skin fragility, woolly hair, and mild palmoplantar keratoderma but without a cardiac phenotype, we identified a homozygous splice-site variant in the TUFT1 gene, leading to aberrant mRNA splicing and loss of TUFT1 protein. Patients' skin and keratinocytes showed acantholysis, perinuclear retraction of intermediate filaments, and reduced mechanical stress resistance. Immunolabeling and transfection studies showed that TUFT1 is positioned within the desmosome and that its location is dependent on the presence of the desmoplakin carboxy-terminal tail. A Tuft1-knockout mouse model mimicked the patients' phenotypes. Altogether, this study reveals TUFT1 as a desmosome-associated protein, whose absence causes skin fragility, woolly hair, and palmoplantar keratoderma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke J M H Verkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniela Andrei
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde C S C Vermeer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Duco Kramer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Schouten
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost A M Verlouw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendri H Pas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hillegonda J Meijer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije van der Molen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Oberdorf-Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nijenhuis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro H Romero-Herrera
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn F Hoes
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bremer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles F H Diercks
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Stoop
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Saris
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Chaire de Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241 - U1050), Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - M Christopher Dean
- Centre for Human Origins Research, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Jeannette M Hoogeboom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Bolling
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosa JB, Nassman KY, Sagasti A. Sensory axons induce epithelial lipid microdomain remodeling and determine the distribution of junctions in the epidermis. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar5. [PMID: 36322392 PMCID: PMC9816649 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-09-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell properties are determined by the polarized distribution of membrane lipids, the cytoskeleton, and adhesive junctions. Epithelia are often profusely innervated, but little work has addressed how neurites affect epithelial organization. We previously found that basal keratinocytes in the zebrafish epidermis enclose axons in ensheathment channels sealed by autotypic junctions. Here we characterized how axons remodel cell membranes, the cytoskeleton, and junctions in basal keratinocytes. At the apical surface of basal keratinocytes, axons organized lipid microdomains quantitatively enriched in reporters for PI(4,5)P2 and liquid-ordered (Lo) membranes. Lipid microdomains supported the formation of cadherin-enriched, F-actin protrusions, which wrapped around axons, likely initiating ensheathment. In the absence of axons, cadherin-enriched microdomains formed on basal cells but did not organize into contiguous domains. Instead, these isolated domains formed heterotypic junctions with periderm cells, a distinct epithelial cell type. Thus, axon endings dramatically remodel polarized epithelial components and regulate epidermal adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Rosa
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Khaled Y. Nassman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alvaro Sagasti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moch M, Schieren J, Leube RE. Cortical tension regulates desmosomal morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946190. [PMID: 36268507 PMCID: PMC9577410 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stability is a fundamental and essential property of epithelial cell sheets. It is in large part determined by cell-cell adhesion sites that are tightly integrated by the cortical cytoskeleton. An intimate crosstalk between the adherens junction-associated contractile actomyosin system and the desmosome-anchored keratin intermediate filament system is decisive for dynamic regulation of epithelial mechanics. A major question in the field is whether and in which way mechanical stress affects junctional plasticity. This is especially true for the desmosome-keratin scaffold whose role in force-sensing is virtually unknown. To examine this question, we inactivated the actomyosin system in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and canine kidney cells (MDCK) and monitored changes in desmosomal protein turnover. Partial inhibition of myosin II by para-nitro-blebbistatin led to a decrease of the cells' elastic modulus and to reduced desmosomal protein turnover in regions where nascent desmosomes are formed and, to a lower degree, in regions where larger, more mature desmosomes are present. Interestingly, desmosomal proteins are affected differently: a significant decrease in turnover was observed for the desmosomal plaque protein desmoplakin I (DspI), which links keratin filaments to the desmosomal core, and the transmembrane cadherin desmoglein 2 (Dsg2). On the other hand, the turnover of another type of desmosomal cadherin, desmocollin 2 (Dsc2), was not significantly altered under the tested conditions. Similarly, the turnover of the adherens junction-associated E-cadherin was not affected by the low doses of para-nitro-blebbistatin. Inhibition of actin polymerization by low dose latrunculin B treatment and of ROCK-driven actomyosin contractility by Y-27632 treatment also induced a significant decrease in desmosomal DspI turnover. Taken together, we conclude that changes in the cortical force balance affect desmosome formation and growth. Furthermore, they differentially modulate desmosomal protein turnover resulting in changes of desmosome composition. We take the observations as evidence for a hitherto unknown desmosomal mechanosensing and mechanoresponse pathway responding to an altered force balance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Towards Understanding the Function of Aegerolysins. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090629. [PMID: 36136567 PMCID: PMC9505663 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aegerolysins are remarkable proteins. They are distributed over the tree of life, being relatively widespread in bacteria and fungi, but also present in some insects, plants, protozoa, and viruses. Despite their abundance in cells of certain developmental stages and their presence in secretomes, only a few aegerolysins have been studied in detail. Their function, in particular, is intriguing. Here, we summarize previously published findings on the distribution, molecular interactions, and function of these versatile aegerolysins. They have very diverse protein sequences but a common fold. The machine learning approach of the AlphaFold2 algorithm, which incorporates physical and biological knowledge of protein structures and multisequence alignments, provides us new insights into the aegerolysins and their pore-forming partners, complemented by additional genomic support. We hypothesize that aegerolysins are involved in the mechanisms of competitive exclusion in the niche.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang Y, Senyuk V, Ma K, Chen H, Qin X, Li S, Liu Y, Gentile S, Minshall RD. Pharmacological Activation of Potassium Channel Kv11.1 with NS1643 Attenuates Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Migration by Promoting the Dephosphorylation of Caveolin-1. Cells 2022; 11:2461. [PMID: 35954304 PMCID: PMC9368491 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of metastasis is a central goal of cancer therapy. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a structural membrane and scaffolding protein shown to be a key regulator of late-stage breast cancer metastasis. However, therapeutic strategies targeting Cav-1 are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the pharmacological activation of potassium channel Kv11.1, which is uniquely expressed in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) but not in normal MCF-10A cells, induces the dephosphorylation of Cav-1 Tyr-14 by promoting the Ca2+-dependent stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Consequently, the dephosphorylation of Cav-1 resulted in its disassociation from β-catenin, which enabled the accumulation of β-catenin at cell borders, where it facilitated the formation of cell-cell adhesion complexes via interactions with R-cadherin and desmosomal proteins. Kv11.1 activation-dependent Cav-1 dephosphorylation induced with NS1643 also reduced cell migration and invasion, consistent with its ability to regulate focal adhesion dynamics. Thus, this study sheds light on a novel pharmacological mechanism of promoting Cav-1 dephosphorylation, which may prove to be effective at reducing metastasis and promoting contact inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vitalyi Senyuk
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiang Qin
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shun Li
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Saverio Gentile
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zimmer SE, Takeichi T, Conway DE, Kubo A, Suga Y, Akiyama M, Kowalczyk AP. Differential Pathomechanisms of Desmoglein 1 Transmembrane Domain Mutations in Skin Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:323-332.e8. [PMID: 34352264 PMCID: PMC9109890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dominant and recessive mutations in the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein (DSG) 1, cause the skin diseases palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) and severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome, respectively. In this study, we compare two dominant missense mutations in the DSG1 transmembrane domain (TMD), G557R and G562R, causing PPK (DSG1PPK-TMD) and SAM syndrome (DSG1SAM-TMD), respectively, to determine the differing pathomechanisms of these mutants. Expressing the DSG1TMD mutants in a DSG-null background, we use cellular and biochemical assays to reveal the differences in the mechanistic behavior of each mutant. Super-resolution microscopy and functional assays showed a failure by both mutants to assemble desmosomes due to reduced membrane trafficking and lipid raft targeting. DSG1SAM-TMD maintained normal expression levels and turnover relative to wildtype DSG1, but DSG1PPK-TMD lacked stability, leading to increased turnover through lysosomal and proteasomal pathways and reduced expression levels. These results differentiate the underlying pathomechanisms of these disorders, suggesting that DSG1SAM-TMD acts dominant negatively, whereas DSG1PPK-TMD is a loss-of-function mutation causing the milder PPK disease phenotype. These mutants portray the importance of the DSG TMD in desmosome function and suggest that a greater understanding of the desmosomal cadherin TMDs will further our understanding of the role that desmosomes play in epidermal pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Akiharu Kubo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suga
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xue W, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Hu X. Multicenter Study of Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score as a Prognostic Factor in Patients With HIV-Related Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:778746. [PMID: 34917092 PMCID: PMC8669761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In recent years, the controlled nutritional status (CONUT) score has been widely recognized as a new indicator for assessing survival in patients with urological neoplasms, including renal, ureteral, and bladder cancer. However, the CONUT score has not been analyzed in patients with HIV-related urological neoplasms. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the CONUT score in patients with HIV-related renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods A total of 106 patients with HIV-related RCC were recruited from four hospitals between 2012 and 2021, and all included patients received radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. The CONUT score was calculated by serum albumin, total lymphocyte counts, and total cholesterol concentrations. Patients with RCC were divided into two groups according to the optimal cutoff value of the CONUT score. Survival analysis of different CONUT groups was performed by the Kaplan–Meier method and a log rank test. A Cox proportional risk model was used to test for correlations between clinical variables and cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Clinical variables included age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, tumor grade, Fuhrman grade, histology, surgery, and CD4+ T lymphocyte count. Result The median age was 51 years, with 93 males and 13 females. At a median follow-up of 41 months, 25 patients (23.6%) had died or had tumor recurrence and metastasis. The optimal cutoff value for the CONUT score was 3, and a lower CONUT score was associated with the Fuhrman grade (P=0.024). Patients with lower CONUT scores had better CSS (HR 0.197, 95% CI 0.077-0.502, P=0.001), OS (HR 0.177, 95% CI 0.070-0.446, P<0.001) and DFS (HR 0.176, 95% CI 0.070-0.444, P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that a low CONUT score was an independent predictor of CSS, OS and DFS (CSS: HR=0.225, 95% CI 0.067-0.749, P=0.015; OS: HR=0.201, 95% CI 0.061-0.661, P=0.008; DFS: HR=0.227, 95% CI 0.078-0.664, P=0.007). In addition, a low Fuhrman grade was an independent predictor of CSS (HR 0.192, 95% CI 0.045-0.810, P=0.025), OS (HR 0.203, 95% CI 0.049-0.842, P=0.028), and DFS (HR 0.180, 95% CI 0.048-0.669, P=0.010), while other factors, such as age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, tumor grade, histology, surgery, and CD4+ T lymphocyte count, were not associated with survival outcome. Conclusion The CONUT score, an easily measurable immune-nutritional biomarker, may provide useful prognostic information in HIV-related RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Xue
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xue W, Hu X, Zhang Y. The Association of Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score with Survival in Patients with Surgically Treated Renal Cell Carcinoma and Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1907-1916. [PMID: 34490808 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1974894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score has become widely recognized as a novel index to evaluate the survival in urological neoplasms patients, especially with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prognostic value of CONUT score in patients with RCC and UTUC. PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched for data on the association between CONUT score and RCC/UTUC prognosis up to July 29, 2021. Duplicates were excluded, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to all abstracts. We sorted out relevant studies and extracted the risk ratios (RRs) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). The relationship between gender and survival outcomes was analyzed using univariate cox regression. We analyzed seven studies including 5410 patients in the meta-analysis. A high CONUT score was associated with poor 5-year RFS (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.13-1.43, P = 0.0001), CSS (RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07-1.39, P = 0.003) and OS (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.10-1.41, P = 0.0005). As a result, the association between CONUT score and survival was statistically significant. In addition, gender was not related to survival outcomes. Our results show that the CONUT score is associated with RCC and UTUC outcomes and can serve as a readily available biomarker for managing this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Xue
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Fengtai District, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Fengtai District, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li L, Hu J, Shi X, Różycki B, Song F. Interplay between cooperativity of intercellular receptor-ligand binding and coalescence of nanoscale lipid clusters in adhering membranes. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1912-1920. [PMID: 33416062 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01904f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion of biological cells is mediated by the specific binding of receptors and ligands which are typically large proteins spanning through the plasma membranes of the contacting cells. The receptors and ligands can exhibit affinity for nanoscale lipid clusters that form within the plasma membrane. A central question is how these nanoscale lipid clusters physically affect and respond to the receptor-ligand binding during cell adhesion. Within the framework of classical statistical mechanics we find that the receptor-ligand binding reduces the threshold energy for lipid clusters to coalesce into mesoscale domains by up to ∼50%, and that the formation of these domains induces significant cooperativity of the receptor-ligand binding. The interplay between the receptor-ligand binding cooperativity and the lipid domain formation manifests acute sensitivity of the membrane system to changes in control parameters. This sensitivity can be crucial in cell signaling and immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinglei Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xinghua Shi
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bartosz Różycki
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Fan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Niu X, Zhu Z, Bao J. Prognostic significance of pretreatment controlling nutritional status score in urological cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:126. [PMID: 33608012 PMCID: PMC7893866 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a novel nutrition-based biomarker that has been reported for predicting survival in various cancers. However, the relationship between CONUT score and prognosis of urological cancers remains unclear. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic significance of CONUT score for patients with urological cancers. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were systematically searched up to October 2020. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the association of CONUT score with overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence/disease/progress-free survival (RFS/DFS/PFS) in urological cancers. Results A total of 12 articles with 13 studies were included in the analysis. Pooled results indicated that increased CONUT score predicted poor OS (HR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.51–2.09, p < 0.001), CSS (HR: 2.14, 95% CI 1.55–2.97, p < 0.001) and RFS/DFS/PFS (HR: 1.57, 95% CI 1.35–1.84, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis by cancer type revealed that high CONUT score associated with worse OS in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial cancer (UC) (HR: 3.05, 95% CI 2.07–4.50, p < 0.001; HR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.32–1.89, p < 0.001). Similar results could be found in CSS (RCC HR: 2.67, 95% CI 1.87–3.81, p < 0.011; UC HR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.09–2.59, p = 0.011) and in RFS/DFS/PFS (RCC HR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.44–2.66, p < 0.001; UC HR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.18–1.71, p < 0.001). Conclusions These results illustrated that the high CONUT score may predict worse survival for patients suffering from urological cancers. Therefore, the CONUT score may represent an effective prognostic indicator in urological cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Niu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, No. 2901 Caolang Road, 201508, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, No. 2901 Caolang Road, 201508, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Bao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, No. 2901 Caolang Road, 201508, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Panevska A, Skočaj M, Modic Š, Razinger J, Sepčić K. Aegerolysins from the fungal genus Pleurotus - Bioinsecticidal proteins with multiple potential applications. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107474. [PMID: 32971130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aegerolysin proteins ostreolysin A6, pleurotolysin A2 and erylysin A are produced by mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus. These aegerolysins can interact specifically with sphingolipid-enriched membranes. In particular, they strongly bind insect cells and to artificial lipid membranes that contain physiologically relevant concentrations of the main invertebrate-specific sphingolipid, ceramide phosphoethanolamine. Moreover, the aegerolysins permeabilise these membranes when combined with their protein partner pleurotolysin B, which contains a membrane-attack-complex/perforin domain. These aegerolysin/ pleurotolysin B complexes show strong and selective toxicity towards western corn rootworm larvae and adults and Colorado potato beetle larvae. Their insecticidal activities arise through aegerolysin binding to ceramide phosphoethanolamine in the insect midgut. This mode of membrane binding is different from those described for similar aegerolysin-based complexes of bacterial origin (e.g., Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1), or other Bacillus thuringiensis proteinaceous crystal toxins, which associate with protein receptors. The ability of Pleurotus aegerolysins to specifically interact with sphingolipid-enriched domains in mammalian cells can be further exploited to visualize lipid rafts in living cells, and to treat certain types of tumours and metabolic disorders. Finally, these proteins can strongly enhance fruiting initiation of P. ostreatus even when applied externally. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of the potential biotechnological and biomedical applications of the Pleurotus aegerolysins, either alone or when complexed with pleurotolysin B, with special emphasis on their bioinsecticidal effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasija Panevska
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matej Skočaj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Špela Modic
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jaka Razinger
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zimmer SE, Kowalczyk AP. The desmosome as a model for lipid raft driven membrane domain organization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183329. [PMID: 32376221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomes are cadherin-based adhesion structures that mechanically couple the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of adjacent cells to confer mechanical stress resistance to tissues. We have recently described desmosomes as mesoscale lipid raft membrane domains that depend on raft dynamics for assembly, function, and disassembly. Lipid raft microdomains are regions of the plasma membrane enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. These domains participate in membrane domain heterogeneity, signaling and membrane trafficking. Cellular structures known to be dependent on raft dynamics include the post-synaptic density in neurons, the immunological synapse, and intercellular junctions, including desmosomes. In this review, we discuss the current state of the desmosome field and put forward new hypotheses for the role of lipid rafts in desmosome adhesion, signaling and epidermal homeostasis. Furthermore, we propose that differential lipid raft affinity of intercellular junction proteins is a central driving force in the organization of the epithelial apical junctional complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America; Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Binding specificity of ostreolysin A6 towards Sf9 insect cell lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183307. [PMID: 32298680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) have recently been shown to produce insecticidal bi-component protein complexes based on the aegerolysin proteins. A role for these proteins is thus indicated for defence and protection of the mushroom, and we propose their use as new environmentally friendly bioinsecticides. These aegerolysin-based protein complexes permeabilise artificial lipid vesicles through aegerolysin binding to an insect-specific sphingolipid, ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), and they are cytotoxic for the Spodoptera frugiferda (Sf9) insect cell line. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the Sf9 lipidome uncovered lipids not previously reported in the literature, including in particular C14 sphingosine-based CPE molecular species, which comprised ~4 mol% of the whole lipidome. Further analysis of the lipid binding specificity of an aegerolysin from P. ostreatus, ostreolysin A6 (OlyA6), to lipid vesicles composed of commercial lipids, to lipid vesicles composed of the total lipid extract from Sf9 cells, and to HPLC-separated Sf9 cell lipid fractions containing ceramides, confirmed CPE as the main OlyA6 receptor, but also highlighted the importance of membrane cholesterol for formation of strong and stable interactions of OlyA6 with artificial and natural lipid membranes. Binding assays performed with glycan arrays and surface plasmon resonance, which included invertebrate-specific glycans, excluded these saccharides as potential additional OlyA6 receptors.
Collapse
|
21
|
Moch M, Schwarz N, Windoffer R, Leube RE. The keratin-desmosome scaffold: pivotal role of desmosomes for keratin network morphogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:543-558. [PMID: 31243490 PMCID: PMC7010626 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Desmosome-anchored keratin intermediate filaments (KFs) are essential for epithelial coherence. Yet, desmosomal KF attachment and network organization are still unexplored in vivo. We, therefore, monitored KF network morphogenesis in fluorescent keratin 8 knock-in murine embryos revealing keratin enrichment at newly formed desmosomes followed by KF formation, KF elongation and KF fusion. To examine details of this process and its coupling to desmosome formation, we studied fluorescent keratin and desmosomal protein reporter dynamics in the periphery of expanding HaCaT keratinocyte colonies. Less than 3 min after the start of desmosomal proteins clustering non-filamentous keratin enriched at these sites followed by KF formation and elongation. Subsequently, desmosome-anchored KFs merged into stable bundles generating a rim-and-spokes system consisting of subcortical KFs connecting desmosomes to each other and radial KFs connecting desmosomes to the cytoplasmic KF network. We conclude that desmosomes are organizing centers for the KF cytoskeleton with a hitherto unknown nucleation capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Moch
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Green KJ, Jaiganesh A, Broussard JA. Desmosomes: Essential contributors to an integrated intercellular junction network. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31942240 PMCID: PMC6944264 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20942.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of adhesive connections between cells was critical for the evolution of multicellularity and for organizing cells into complex organs with discrete compartments. Four types of intercellular junction are present in vertebrates: desmosomes, adherens junctions, tight junctions, and gap junctions. All are essential for the development of the embryonic layers and organs as well as adult tissue homeostasis. While each junction type is defined as a distinct entity, it is now clear that they cooperate physically and functionally to create a robust and functionally diverse system. During evolution, desmosomes first appeared in vertebrates as highly specialized regions at the plasma membrane that couple the intermediate filament cytoskeleton at points of strong cell–cell adhesion. Here, we review how desmosomes conferred new mechanical and signaling properties to vertebrate cells and tissues through their interactions with the existing junctional and cytoskeletal network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Avinash Jaiganesh
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:175-176. [PMID: 31414229 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu S, Bala S, Bendeck MP. Discoidin domain receptor 1 deficiency in vascular smooth muscle cells leads to mislocalisation of N-cadherin contacts. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.041913. [PMID: 31362952 PMCID: PMC6737968 DOI: 10.1242/bio.041913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin mediates cell–cell contacts in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and regulates VSMC behaviours including migration and proliferation. Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen binding receptor also implicated in these processes. Previous studies have shown that both N-cadherin and DDR1 are upregulated after vascular injury, but it is not known whether there is a relationship between the two molecules. In the current study we found that N-cadherin was mislocalised from cell–cell junctions in the absence of DDR1. This occurred in spite of the fact that there was no significant difference in total cell lysate levels of N-cadherin between DDR1+/+ and DDR1−/− VSMCs. Analysis of lipid raft fractions revealed decreased N-cadherin and associated junctional complex catenins in DDR1−/− compared to DDR1+/+ VSMCs. Treatment with cholesterol oxidase or methyl-β-cyclodextrin to disrupt lipid rafts removed N-cadherin and DDR1 from the raft fractions. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitations suggested the association of DDR1 and N-cadherin. Importantly, transfection of DDR1−/− cells with full-length DDR1b rescued the formation of N-cadherin junctions. Together, these data reveal that N-cadherin cell–cell contacts in VSMCs are regulated through interactions with DDR1 and both molecules are located in lipid rafts. Summary: Here we show for the first time that discoidin domain receptor 1 associates with and stabilizes N-cadherin cell–cell contacts in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Xu
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sudarshan Bala
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Michelle P Bendeck
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada .,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beckert B, Panico F, Pollmann R, Eming R, Banning A, Tikkanen R. Immortalized Human hTert/KER-CT Keratinocytes a Model System for Research on Desmosomal Adhesion and Pathogenesis of Pemphigus Vulgaris. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133113. [PMID: 31247885 PMCID: PMC6651391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune disease that results in blister formation in the epidermis and in mucosal tissues due to antibodies recognizing desmosomal cadherins, mainly desmoglein-3 and -1. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of Pemphigus have mainly been carried out using the spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT or in primary keratinocytes. However, both cell systems have suboptimal features, with HaCaT cells exhibiting a large number of chromosomal aberrations and mutated p53 tumor suppressor, whereas primary keratinocytes are short-lived, heterogeneous and not susceptible to genetic modifications due to their restricted life-span. We have here tested the suitability of the commercially available human keratinocyte cell line hTert/KER-CT as a model system for research on epidermal cell adhesion and Pemphigus pathomechanisms. We here show that hTert cells exhibit a calcium dependent expression of desmosomal cadherins and are well suitable for typical assays used for studies on Pemphigus, such as sequential detergent extraction and Dispase-based dissociation assay. Treatment with Pemphigus auto-antibodies results in loss of monolayer integrity and altered localization of desmoglein-3, as well as loss of colocalization with flotillin-2. Our findings demonstrate that hTert cells are well suitable for studies on epidermal cell adhesion and Pemphigus pathomechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Beckert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesca Panico
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Pollmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Resnik N, de Luca GMR, Sepčić K, Romih R, Manders E, Veranič P. Depletion of the cellular cholesterol content reduces the dynamics of desmosomal cadherins and interferes with desmosomal strength. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:195-206. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
27
|
Sun C, Wang L, Yang XX, Jiang YH, Guo XL. The aberrant expression or disruption of desmocollin2 in human diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:378-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
28
|
Lewis JD, Caldara AL, Zimmer SE, Stahley SN, Seybold A, Strong NL, Frangakis AS, Levental I, Wahl JK, Mattheyses AL, Sasaki T, Nakabayashi K, Hata K, Matsubara Y, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Amagai M, Kubo A, Kowalczyk AP. The desmosome is a mesoscale lipid raft-like membrane domain. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1390-1405. [PMID: 30943110 PMCID: PMC6724694 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmogleins (Dsgs) are cadherin family adhesion molecules essential for epidermal integrity. Previous studies have shown that desmogleins associate with lipid rafts, but the significance of this association was not clear. Here, we report that the desmoglein transmembrane domain (TMD) is the primary determinant of raft association. Further, we identify a novel mutation in the DSG1 TMD (G562R) that causes severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting syndrome. Molecular modeling predicts that this G-to-R mutation shortens the DSG1 TMD, and experiments directly demonstrate that this mutation compromises both lipid raft association and desmosome incorporation. Finally, cryo-electron tomography indicates that the lipid bilayer within the desmosome is ∼10% thicker than adjacent regions of the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that differences in bilayer thickness influence the organization of adhesion molecules within the epithelial plasma membrane, with cadherin TMDs recruited to the desmosome via the establishment of a specialized mesoscale lipid raft-like membrane domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Lewis
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Amber L Caldara
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Stephanie E Zimmer
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sara N Stahley
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Anna Seybold
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicole L Strong
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Achilleas S Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James K Wahl
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | - Kenichiro Hata
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akiharu Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Panevska A, Hodnik V, Skočaj M, Novak M, Modic Š, Pavlic I, Podržaj S, Zarić M, Resnik N, Maček P, Veranič P, Razinger J, Sepčić K. Pore-forming protein complexes from Pleurotus mushrooms kill western corn rootworm and Colorado potato beetle through targeting membrane ceramide phosphoethanolamine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5073. [PMID: 30911026 PMCID: PMC6433908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aegerolysins ostreolysin A (OlyA) and pleurotolysin A (PlyA), and pleurotolysin B (PlyB) with the membrane-attack-complex/perforin domain are proteins from the mushroom genus Pleurotus. Upon binding to sphingomyelin/cholesterol-enriched membranes, OlyA and PlyA can recruit PlyB to form multimeric bi-component transmembrane pores. Recently, Pleurotus aegerolysins OlyA, PlyA2 and erylysin A (EryA) were demonstrated to preferentially bind to artificial lipid membranes containing 50 mol% ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), the main sphingolipid in invertebrate cell membranes. In this study, we demonstrate that OlyA6, PlyA2 and EryA bind to insect cells and to artificial lipid membranes with physiologically relevant CPE concentrations. Moreover, these aegerolysins permeabilize these membranes when combined with PlyB. These aegerolysin/PlyB complexes show selective toxicity toward western corn rootworm larvae and adults and Colorado potato beetle larvae. These data strongly suggest that these aegerolysin/PlyB complexes recognize CPE as their receptor molecule in the insect midgut. This mode of binding is different from those described for similar aegerolysin-based bacterial complexes, or other Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins, which have protein receptors. Targeting of Pleurotus aegerolysins to CPE and formation of transmembrane pores in concert with PlyB suggest the use of aegerolysin/PlyB complexes as novel biopesticides for the control of western corn rootworm and Colorado potato beetle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasija Panevska
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Hodnik
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Skočaj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Novak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Modic
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Pavlic
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sara Podržaj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miki Zarić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Maček
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Razinger
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zheng Y, Bao L, Wang W, Wang Q, Pan Y, Gao X. Prognostic impact of the Controlling Nutritional Status score following curative nephrectomy for patients with renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13409. [PMID: 30544418 PMCID: PMC6310546 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the preoperative Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and then compared its accuracy of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as predictors of survival.We included 635 patients who underwent nephrectomy for RCC from January 2004 to July 2014. The X-tile program was used to determine the optimal cut-off values for CONUT score, PNI, NLR, and PLR.The median follow-up duration after surgery was 48.40 (29.30-80.10) months. The optimal cutoff values were 2 for CONUT score, 48 for PNI, 3.5 for NLR and 204.7 for PLR by X-tile program with cancer-specific survival (CSS) as end-point. Higher CONUT score, NLR and PLR, and lower PNI were statistically associated with worse OS and CSS in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that higher CONUT score was an independent predictor for OS (HR = 3.012; 95% CI, 1.525-5.948; P = .001) and CSS (HR = 3.001; 95% CI, 1.290-6.984; P = .011), and CONUT score was superior to PNI, NLR, and PLR according to the HR.Therefore, preoperative CONUT score can be a strong independent predictor in RCC patients after nephrectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangqin Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Wenzhou
| | | | - Wenhan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Rui’an People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Qinquan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Xiaomin Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schlögl E, Radeva MY, Vielmuth F, Schinner C, Waschke J, Spindler V. Keratin Retraction and Desmoglein3 Internalization Independently Contribute to Autoantibody-Induced Cell Dissociation in Pemphigus Vulgaris. Front Immunol 2018; 9:858. [PMID: 29922278 PMCID: PMC5996934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially lethal autoimmune disease characterized by blister formation of the skin and mucous membranes and is caused by autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3. Dsg1 and Dsg3 are linked to keratin filaments in desmosomes, adhering junctions abundant in tissues exposed to high levels of mechanical stress. The binding of the autoantibodies leads to internalization of Dsg3 and a collapse of the keratin cytoskeleton-yet, the relevance and interdependence of these changes for loss of cell-cell adhesion and blistering is poorly understood. In live-cell imaging studies, loss of the keratin network at the cell periphery was detectable starting after 60 min of incubation with immunoglobulin G fractions of PV patients (PV-IgG). These rapid changes correlated with loss of cell-cell adhesion detected by dispase-based dissociation assays and were followed by a condensation of keratin filaments into thick bundles after several hours. Dsg3 internalization started at 90 min of PV-IgG treatment, thus following the early keratin changes. By inhibiting casein kinase 1 (CK-1), we provoked keratin alterations resembling the effects of PV-IgG. Although CK-1-induced loss of peripheral keratin network correlated with loss of cell cohesion and Dsg3 clustering in the membrane, it was not sufficient to trigger the internalization of Dsg3. However, additional incubation with PV-IgG was effective to promote Dsg3 loss at the membrane, indicating that Dsg3 internalization is independent from keratin alterations. Vice versa, inhibiting Dsg3 internalization did not prevent PV-IgG-induced keratin retraction and only partially rescued cell cohesion. Together, keratin changes appear very early after autoantibody binding and temporally overlap with loss of cell cohesion. These early alterations appear to be distinct from Dsg3 internalization, suggesting a crucial role for initial loss of cell cohesion in PV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schlögl
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Schinner
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Spindler
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
HDL biogenesis revisited: how desmocollin-1 could sabotage reverse cholesterol transport in the arterial wall. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:1203-1206. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Najor
- Department of Biology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48221
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Najle SR, Molina MC, Ruiz-Trillo I, Uttaro AD. Sterol metabolism in the filasterean Capsaspora owczarzaki has features that resemble both fungi and animals. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160029. [PMID: 27383626 PMCID: PMC4967820 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterols are essential for several physiological processes in most eukaryotes. Sterols regulate membrane homeostasis and participate in different signalling pathways not only as precursors of steroid hormones and vitamins, but also through its role in the formation of lipid rafts. Two major types of sterols, cholesterol and ergosterol, have been described so far in the opisthokonts, the clade that comprise animals, fungi and their unicellular relatives. Cholesterol predominates in derived bilaterians, whereas ergosterol is what generally defines fungi. We here characterize, by a combination of bioinformatic and biochemical analyses, the sterol metabolism in the filasterean Capsaspora owczarzaki, a close unicellular relative of animals that is becoming a model organism. We found that C. owczarzaki sterol metabolism combines enzymatic activities that are usually considered either characteristic of fungi or exclusive to metazoans. Moreover, we observe a differential transcriptional regulation of this metabolism across its life cycle. Thus, C. owczarzaki alternates between synthesizing 7-dehydrocholesterol de novo, which happens at the cystic stage, and the partial conversion—via a novel pathway—of incorporated cholesterol into ergosterol, the characteristic fungal sterol, in the filopodial and aggregative stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián R Najle
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR) CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, Rosario S2000FHQ, Argentina Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Celeste Molina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR) CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, Rosario S2000FHQ, Argentina
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio D Uttaro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR) CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, Rosario S2000FHQ, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gurjar M, Raychaudhuri K, Mahadik S, Reddy D, Atak A, Shetty T, Rao K, Karkhanis MS, Gosavi P, Sehgal L, Gupta S, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 increases desmosome assembly, size and stability by increasing expression of desmocollin2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:768-774. [PMID: 29146182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports show that the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin3 (PKP3) is essential for desmosome formation. Here, we report that PKP3 over-expression decreases calcium dependency for de novo desmosome formation and makes existing cell-cell adhesion junctions more resilient in low calcium medium due to an increase in desmocollin2 expression. PKP3 overexpression increases the stability of other desmosomal proteins independently of the increase in DSC2 levels and regulates desmosome formation and stability by a multimodal mechanism affecting transcription, protein stability and cell border localization of desmosomal proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansa Gurjar
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Kumarkrishna Raychaudhuri
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Snehal Mahadik
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Divya Reddy
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Apurva Atak
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Trupti Shetty
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Kruthi Rao
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Mansi S Karkhanis
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dowland SN, Madawala RJ, Poon CE, Lindsay LA, Murphy CR. Prominin-2 Prevents the Formation of Caveolae in Normal and Ovarian Hyperstimulated Pregnancy. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1231-1242. [PMID: 29113580 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117737842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During early pregnancy, uterine epithelial cells (UECs) become less adherent to the underlying basal lamina and are subsequently removed so the blastocyst can invade the underlying stroma. This process involves the removal of focal adhesions from the basal plasma membrane of UECs. These focal adhesions are thought to be internalized by caveolae, which significantly increase in abundance at the time of blastocyst implantation. A recent in vitro study indicated that prominin-2 prevents the formation of caveolae by sequestering membrane cholesterol. The present study examines whether prominin-2 affects the formation of caveolae and loss of focal adhesions in UECs during normal and ovarian hyperstimulation (OH) pregnancy in the rat. At the time of fertilization during normal pregnancy, prominin-2 is distributed throughout the basolateral plasma membrane. However, at the time of implantation and coincident with an increase in caveolae, prominin-2 is lost from the basal plasma membrane. In contrast, prominin-2 remains in the basolateral plasma membrane throughout OH pregnancy. Transmission electron microscopy showed that this membrane contained few caveolae throughout OH pregnancy. Our results indicate that prominin-2 prevents the formation of caveolae. We suggest the retention of prominin-2 in the basal plasma membrane during OH pregnancy prevents the formation of caveolae and is responsible for the retention of focal adhesions in this membrane, thereby contributing to the reduced implantation rate observed after such treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samson N Dowland
- 1 Cell and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology) and The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romanthi J Madawala
- 1 Cell and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology) and The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Connie E Poon
- 1 Cell and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology) and The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura A Lindsay
- 1 Cell and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology) and The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher R Murphy
- 1 Cell and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology) and The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ishihara H, Kondo T, Yoshida K, Omae K, Takagi T, Iizuka J, Tanabe K. Preoperative controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score as a novel predictive biomarker of survival in patients with localized urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:539.e9-539.e16. [PMID: 28499734 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and survival of patients with localized urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). METHODS AND MATERIALS We retrospectively enrolled 107 patients. CONUT score was calculated based on the serum albumin concentration, lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol concentration. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on CONUT score. Relapse-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) after RNU were compared between the 2 groups, and predictors of survival were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS For CONUT score, the area under the curve was 0.588 and the optimal cutoff value was 3. Twenty-four patients (22.4%) had high CONUT scores. The patients with high CONUT scores had significantly shorter 5-year RFS, CSS, and OS than did those with low CONUT scores (RFS: 50.1% vs. 66.0%; CSS: 28.1% vs. 71.7%; OS: 26.4% vs. 66.8%; all P<0.05). Results of the multivariable analysis, after adjustment for factors such as pT stage, pN stage, tumor grade, presence of lymphovascular invasion, and C-reactive protein level, revealed that CONUT score was an independent predictor of CSS (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.44, P = 0.0016) and OS (HR = 2.90, P = 0.0214) and showed marginal significance for predicting RFS (HR = 2.26, P = 0.0581). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative CONUT score helps predict survival in patients with localized urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract treated with RNU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishihara
- Department of Urology, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Omae
- Department of Urology, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Iizuka
- Department of Urology, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Furue M, Kadono T. Pemphigus, a pathomechanism of acantholysis. Australas J Dermatol 2017; 58:171-173. [PMID: 28211055 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to the desmosomal proteins desmoglein 1 and 3 cause pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris, which are characterised by keratinocyte dissociation (acantholysis) and intraepidermal blister formation. The passive transfer of pathogenic anti-desmoglein antibodies induces blisters in mice in vivo and the loss of keratinocyte adhesion in vitro. The pathogenetic mechanisms of acantholysis due to anti-desmoglein autoantibodies are not fully understood. However, recent studies have revealed that signalling-dependent and signalling-independent pathways are operative in the loss of cell adhesion. In this review, we focus on the pathomechanism of acantholysis due to autoantibodies to desmogleins and recent therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- Department of Dermatology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Skočaj M, Yu Y, Grundner M, Resnik N, Bedina Zavec A, Leonardi A, Križaj I, Guella G, Maček P, Kreft ME, Frangež R, Veranič P, Sepčić K. Characterisation of plasmalemmal shedding of vesicles induced by the cholesterol/sphingomyelin binding protein, ostreolysin A-mCherry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1858:2882-2893. [PMID: 27591807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ostreolysin A (OlyA) is a 15-kDa protein that binds selectively to cholesterol/sphingomyelin membrane nanodomains. This binding induces the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that comprise both microvesicles with diameters between 100nm and 1μm, and larger vesicles of around 10-μm diameter in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In this study, we show that vesiculation of these cells by the fluorescent fusion protein OlyA-mCherry is not affected by temperature, is not mediated via intracellular Ca2+ signalling, and does not compromise cell viability and ultrastructure. Seventy-one proteins that are mostly of cytosolic and nuclear origin were detected in these shed EVs using mass spectroscopy. In the cells and EVs, 218 and 84 lipid species were identified, respectively, and the EVs were significantly enriched in lysophosphatidylcholines and cholesterol. Our collected data suggest that OlyA-mCherry binding to cholesterol/sphingomyelin membrane nanodomains induces specific lipid sorting into discrete patches, which promotes plasmalemmal blebbing and EV shedding from the cells. We hypothesize that these effects are accounted for by changes of local membrane curvature upon the OlyA-mCherry-plasmalemma interaction. We suggest that the shed EVs are a potentially interesting model for biophysical and biochemical studies of cell membranes, and larger vesicles could represent tools for non-invasive sampling of cytosolic proteins from cells and thus metabolic fingerprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Skočaj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Yang Yu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Via Sommarive 14, University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy.
| | - Maja Grundner
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Apolonija Bedina Zavec
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Adrijana Leonardi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Via Sommarive 14, University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy.
| | - Peter Maček
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Robert Frangež
- Institute of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbičeva 60, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Roberts BJ, Svoboda RA, Overmiller AM, Lewis JD, Kowalczyk AP, Mahoney MG, Johnson KR, Wahl JK. Palmitoylation of Desmoglein 2 Is a Regulator of Assembly Dynamics and Protein Turnover. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24857-24865. [PMID: 27703000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are prominent adhesive junctions present between many epithelial cells as well as cardiomyocytes. The mechanisms controlling desmosome assembly and remodeling in epithelial and cardiac tissue are poorly understood. We recently identified protein palmitoylation as a mechanism regulating desmosome dynamics. In this study, we have focused on the palmitoylation of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) and characterized the role that palmitoylation of Dsg2 plays in its localization and stability in cultured cells. We identified two cysteine residues in the juxtamembrane (intracellular anchor) domain of Dsg2 that, when mutated, eliminate its palmitoylation. These cysteine residues are conserved in all four desmoglein family members. Although mutant Dsg2 localizes to endogenous desmosomes, there is a significant delay in its incorporation into junctions, and the mutant is also present in a cytoplasmic pool. Triton X-100 solubility assays demonstrate that mutant Dsg2 is more soluble than wild-type protein. Interestingly, trafficking of the mutant Dsg2 to the cell surface was delayed, and a pool of the non-palmitoylated Dsg2 co-localized with lysosomal markers. Taken together, these data suggest that palmitoylation of Dsg2 regulates protein transport to the plasma membrane. Modulation of the palmitoylation status of desmosomal cadherins can affect desmosome dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Roberts
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Robert A Svoboda
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Andrew M Overmiller
- the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Joshua D Lewis
- the Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- the Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - My G Mahoney
- the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Keith R Johnson
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583.,the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - James K Wahl
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Völlner F, Ali J, Kurrle N, Exner Y, Eming R, Hertl M, Banning A, Tikkanen R. Loss of flotillin expression results in weakened desmosomal adhesion and Pemphigus vulgaris-like localisation of desmoglein-3 in human keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28820. [PMID: 27346727 PMCID: PMC4922016 DOI: 10.1038/srep28820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are adhesion plaques that mediate cell-cell adhesion in many tissues, including the epidermis, and generate mechanical resistance to tissues. The extracellular domains of desmosomal cadherin proteins, desmogleins and desmocollins, are required for the interaction with cadherins of the neighbouring cells, whereas their cytoplasmic tails associate with cytoplasmic proteins which mediate connection to intermediate filaments. Disruption of desmosomal adhesion by mutations, autoantibodies or bacterial toxins results in severe human disorders of e.g. the skin and the heart. Despite the vital role of desmosomes in various tissues, the details of their molecular assembly are not clear. We here show that the two members of the flotillin protein family directly interact with the cytoplasmic tails of desmogleins. Depletion of flotillins in human keratinocytes results in weakened desmosomal adhesion and reduced expression of desmoglein-3, most likely due to a reduction in the desmosomal pool due to increased turnover. In the absence of flotillins, desmoglein-3 shows an altered localisation pattern in the cell-cell junctions of keratinocytes, which is highly similar to the localisation observed upon treatment with pemphigus vulgaris autoantibodies. Thus, our data show that flotillins, which have previously been connected to the classical cadherins, are also of importance for the desmosomal cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Völlner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jawahir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Exner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu Y, Skočaj M, Kreft ME, Resnik N, Veranič P, Franceschi P, Sepčić K, Guella G. Comparative lipidomic study of urothelial cancer models: association with urothelial cancer cell invasiveness. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:3266-3279. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00477f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A joint NMR/LC-MS approach allows to establish significant differences in the lipidoma of invasive urothelial carcinoma cells (T24) with respect to noninvasive urothelial cells (RT4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Trento
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Matej Skočaj
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Biostatistics and Data Management
- Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach
- S. Michele all'Adige
- Italy
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology
- Biotechnical Faculty
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Trento
- Trento
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Loschke F, Homberg M, Magin TM. Keratin Isotypes Control Desmosome Stability and Dynamics through PKCα. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:202-13. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
44
|
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein attenuated desmoglein 1 and desmocollin 2 expression via LOX-1/Ca2+/PKC-β signal in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:380-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
45
|
Vielmuth F, Waschke J, Spindler V. Loss of Desmoglein Binding Is Not Sufficient for Keratinocyte Dissociation in Pemphigus. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:3068-3077. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
46
|
Di Zenzo G, Amber KT, Sayar BS, Müller EJ, Borradori L. Immune response in pemphigus and beyond: progresses and emerging concepts. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:57-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
47
|
Resnik N, Mavrič A, Keše D, Veranič P, Zupančič D. The effect of LDL particles on the behaviour of epithelial noncancer and cancer cell lines after in vitro induced injury. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1537-1550. [PMID: 25749911 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell spreading capability and cell proliferation are the major processes in wound healing of injured epithelia as well as in tumour progression. The effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles as a major extracellular source of cholesterol was evaluated in the re-epithelisation assay of in vitro induced injury. We selected two noncancer cell lines with different dependence on LDL concentrations, the kidney epithelial cells (MDCK) with higher dependence and keratinocytes (HaCaT) with lower dependence on LDL, and three cancer cell lines originating from epithelial cells: A549 (alveolar), CaCo-2 (intestinal) and RT4 (urothelial). All cells were incubated in a control medium, in an LDL-enriched medium or in an LDL-deficient medium. The LDL-enriched medium stimulated cell spreading of MDCK cells which, together with increased proliferation of these cells, resulted in an enhanced re-epithelisation of in vitro induced injury. LDL deficiency caused lower cell spreading which resulted in a decreased re-epithelisation despite the higher proliferation of MDCK cells in this medium. The re-epithelisation of keratinocytes (HaCaT) was not affected by altered LDL concentrations. In cancer cell lines A549, CaCo-2 and RT4, wide heterogeneity regarding cell proliferation and spreading capability was observed after treatment with different LDL concentrations. LDL had no influence on actin filament and tight junction distribution in any of the tested cell lines. The cholesterol content of all cell types, except for CaCo-2 cells, proved to be independent of the LDL level. Further research of the beneficial effects of LDL is needed to prove LDL as a safe enhancer of epithelial wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Mavrič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Keše
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Resnik N, Repnik U, Kreft ME, Sepčić K, Maček P, Turk B, Veranič P. Highly Selective Anti-Cancer Activity of Cholesterol-Interacting Agents Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin and Ostreolysin A/Pleurotolysin B Protein Complex on Urothelial Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137878. [PMID: 26361392 PMCID: PMC4567298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol content can vary distinctly between normal and cancer cells, with elevated levels in cancer cells. Here, we investigated cholesterol sequestration with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD), and pore-formation with the ostreolysin A/pleurotolysin B (OlyA/PlyB) protein complex that binds to cholesterol/sphingomyelin-rich membrane domains. We evaluated the effects on viability of T24 invasive and RT4 noninvasive human urothelial cancer cells and normal porcine urothelial (NPU) cells. Cholesterol content strongly correlated with cancerous transformation, as highest in the T24 high-grade invasive urothelial cancer cells, and lowest in NPU cells. MCD treatment induced prominent cell death of T24 cells, whereas OlyA/PlyB treatment resulted in greatly decreased viability of the RT4 low-grade noninvasive carcinoma cells. Biochemical and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that MCD and OlyA/PlyB induce necrotic cell death in these cancer cells, while viability of NPU cells was not significantly affected by either treatment. We conclude that MCD is more toxic for T24 high-grade invasive urothelial cancer cells, and OlyA/PlyB for RT4 low-grade noninvasive urothelial cancer cells, and neither is toxic for NPU cells. The cholesterol and cholesterol/sphingomyelin-rich membrane domains in urothelial cancer cells thus constitute a selective therapeutic target for elimination of urothelial cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Repnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Maček
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions that mediate adhesion and couple the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to sites of cell-cell contact. This architectural arrangement integrates adhesion and cytoskeletal elements of adjacent cells. The importance of this robust adhesion system is evident in numerous human diseases, both inherited and acquired, which occur when desmosome function is compromised. This review focuses on autoimmune and infectious diseases that impair desmosome function. In addition, we discuss emerging evidence that desmosomal genes are often misregulated in cancer. The emphasis of our discussion is placed on the way in which human diseases can inform our understanding of basic desmosome biology and in turn, the means by which fundamental advances in the cell biology of desmosomes might lead to new treatments for acquired diseases of the desmosome.
Collapse
|
50
|
Novak M, Kraševec N, Skočaj M, Maček P, Anderluh G, Sepčić K. Fungal aegerolysin-like proteins: distribution, activities, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:601-10. [PMID: 25476018 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aegerolysin protein family (from aegerolysin of the mushroom Agrocybe aegerita) comprises proteins of ∼15-20 kDa from various eukaryotic and bacterial taxa. Aegerolysins are inconsistently distributed among fungal species, and variable numbers of homologs have been reported for species within the same genus. As such noncore proteins, without a member of a protein family in each of the sequenced fungi, they can give insight into different species-specific processes. Some aegerolysins have been reported to be hemolytically active against mammalian erythrocytes. However, some function as bi-component proteins that have membrane activity in concert with another protein that contains a membrane attack complex/perforin domain. The function of most of aegerolysins is unknown, although some have been suggested to have a role in development of the organism. Potential biotechnological applications of aegerolysins are already evident, despite the limited scientific knowledge available at present. Some mushroom aegerolysins, for example, can be used as markers to detect and label specific membrane lipids. Others can be used as biomarkers of fungal exposure, where their genes can serve as targets for detection of fungi and their progression during infectious diseases. Antibodies against aegerolysins can also be raised as immuno-diagnostic tools. Aegerolysins have been shown to serve as a species determination tool for fungal phytopathogen isolates in terms of some closely related species, where commonly used internal transcribed spacer barcoding has failed. Moreover, strong promoters that regulate aegerolysin genes can promote secretion of heterologous proteins from fungi and have been successfully applied in simultaneous multi-gene expression techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maruša Novak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|