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Banoo S, Yadav Y, Tyagi R, Manna A, Sagar R. Recent efforts in the development of glycoconjugate vaccine and available treatment for tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107610. [PMID: 38991488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a grave threat to global health, despite relentless eradication efforts. In 1882, Robert Koch discovered that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the bacterium responsible for causing tuberculosis. It is a fact that tuberculosis has claimed the lives of more than one billion people in the last few decades. It is imperative that we must take immediate and effective action to increase resources for TB research and treatment. Effective TB treatments demand an extensive investment of both time and finances, often requiring 6-9 months of rigorous antibiotic therapy. The most efficient way to control tuberculosis is by receiving a childhood Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Despite years of research on vaccine development, we still do not have any new approved vaccine for tuberculosis, except BCG, which is partially effective in young children. This review discusses briefly the available treatment for tuberculosis and remarkable advancements in glycoconjugate-based TB vaccine developments in recent years (2013-2024) and offers valuable direction for future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Banoo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Yogesh Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Arunava Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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2
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Reddyrajula R, Perveen S, Negi A, Etikyala U, Manga V, Sharma R, Dalimba UK. N-Acyl phenothiazines as mycobacterial ATP synthase inhibitors: Rational design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation against drug sensitive, RR and MDR-TB. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107702. [PMID: 39142196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The mycobacterial F-ATP synthase is responsible for the optimal growth, metabolism and viability of Mycobacteria, establishing it as a validated target for the development of anti-TB therapeutics. Herein, we report the discovery of an N-acyl phenothiazine derivative, termed PT6, targeting the mycobacterial F-ATP synthase. PT6 is bactericidal and active against the drug sensitive, Rifampicin-resistant as well as Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains. Compound PT6 showed noteworthy inhibition of F-ATP synthesis, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.788 µM in M. smegmatis IMVs and was observed that it could deplete intracellular ATP levels, exhibiting an IC50 of 30 µM. PT6 displayed a high selectivity towards mycobacterial ATP synthase compared to mitochondrial ATP synthase. Compound PT6 showed a minor synergistic effect in combination with Rifampicin and Isoniazid. PT6 demonstrated null cytotoxicity as confirmed by assessing its toxicity against VERO cell lines. Further, the binding mechanism and the activity profile of PT6 were validated by employing in silico techniques such as molecular docking, Prime MM/GBSA, DFT and ADMET analysis. These results suggest that PT6 presents an attractive lead for the discovery of a novel class of mycobacterial F-ATP synthase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Reddyrajula
- Central Research Facility, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575 025, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Anjali Negi
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Umadevi Etikyala
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 076, India
| | - Vijjulatha Manga
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 076, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
| | - Udaya Kumar Dalimba
- Organic and Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575 025, India.
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3
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Butler MS, Vollmer W, Goodall ECA, Capon RJ, Henderson IR, Blaskovich MAT. A Review of Antibacterial Candidates with New Modes of Action. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 39018341 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of new antibiotics to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections that increasingly threaten global health. The current pipeline of clinical-stage antimicrobials is primarily populated by "new and improved" versions of existing antibiotic classes, supplemented by several novel chemical scaffolds that act on traditional targets. The lack of fresh chemotypes acting on previously unexploited targets (the "holy grail" for new antimicrobials due to their scarcity) is particularly unfortunate as these offer the greatest opportunity for innovative breakthroughs to overcome existing resistance. In recognition of their potential, this review focuses on this subset of high value antibiotics, providing chemical structures where available. This review focuses on candidates that have progressed to clinical trials, as well as selected examples of promising pioneering approaches in advanced stages of development, in order to stimulate additional research aimed at combating drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Emily C A Goodall
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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4
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Yu W, Ju Y, Han X, Tian X, Ding J, Wang S, Hameed HMA, Gao Y, Li L, Li Y, Zhong N, Zhang T. Bactericidal and sterilizing activity of sudapyridine-clofazimine-TB47 combined with linezolid or pyrazinamide in a murine model of tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0012424. [PMID: 38690893 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00124-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
As an obligate aerobe, Mycobacterium tuberculosis relies on its branched electron transport chain (ETC) for energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. Regimens targeting ETC exhibit promising potential to enhance bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis and hold the prospect of shortening treatment duration. Our previous research demonstrated that the bacteriostatic drug candidate TB47 (T) inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis by targeting the cytochrome bc1 complex and exhibited synergistic activity with clofazimine (C). Here, we found synergistic activities between C and sudapyridine (S), a structural analog of bedaquiline (B). S has shown similar anti-tuberculosis efficacy and may share a mechanism of action with B, which inhibits ATP synthesis and the energy metabolism of bacteria. We evaluated the efficacy of SCT in combination with linezolid (L) or pyrazinamide (Z) using a well-established murine model of tuberculosis. Compared to the BPa(pretomanid)L regimen, SCT and SCTL demonstrated similar bactericidal and sterilizing activities. There was no significant difference in activity between SCT and SCTL. In contrast, SCZ and SCTZ showed much higher activities, with none of the 15 mice experiencing relapse after 2 months of treatment with either SCZ or SCTZ. However, T did not contribute to the activity of the SCZ. Our findings emphasize the efficacy and the potential clinical significance of combination therapy with ETC inhibitors. Additionally, cross-resistance exists not only between S and B but also between S/B and C. This is supported by our findings, as spontaneous S-resistant mutants exhibited mutations in Rv0678, which are associated with cross-resistance to B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xingli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xirong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H M Adnan Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Jiatan Pharmatech Co., Ltd, a subsidiary of Guangzhou JOYO Pharma Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Shanghai Jiatan Pharmatech Co., Ltd, a subsidiary of Guangzhou JOYO Pharma Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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5
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Dartois V, Dick T. Therapeutic developments for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:381-403. [PMID: 38418662 PMCID: PMC11078618 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) drug discovery and development has undergone nothing short of a revolution over the past 20 years. Successful public-private partnerships and sustained funding have delivered a much-improved understanding of mycobacterial disease biology and pharmacology and a healthy pipeline that can tolerate inevitable attrition. Preclinical and clinical development has evolved from decade-old concepts to adaptive designs that permit rapid evaluation of regimens that might greatly shorten treatment duration over the next decade. But the past 20 years also saw the rise of a fatal and difficult-to-cure lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), for which the drug development pipeline is nearly empty. Here, we discuss the similarities and differences between TB and NTM lung diseases, compare the preclinical and clinical advances, and identify major knowledge gaps and areas of cross-fertilization. We argue that applying paradigms and networks that have proved successful for TB, from basic research to clinical trials, will help to populate the pipeline and accelerate curative regimen development for NTM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | - Thomas Dick
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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6
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Adolph C, Cheung CY, McNeil MB, Jowsey WJ, Williams ZC, Hards K, Harold LK, Aboelela A, Bujaroski RS, Buckley BJ, Tyndall JDA, Li Z, Langer JD, Preiss L, Meier T, Steyn AJC, Rhee KY, Berney M, Kelso MJ, Cook GM. A dual-targeting succinate dehydrogenase and F 1F o-ATP synthase inhibitor rapidly sterilizes replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:683-698.e7. [PMID: 38151019 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterial bioenergetics is a validated target space for antitubercular drug development. Here, we identify BB2-50F, a 6-substituted 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride derivative as a potent, multi-targeting bioenergetic inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We show that BB2-50F rapidly sterilizes both replicating and non-replicating cultures of M. tuberculosis and synergizes with several tuberculosis drugs. Target identification experiments, supported by docking studies, showed that BB2-50F targets the membrane-embedded c-ring of the F1Fo-ATP synthase and the catalytic subunit (substrate-binding site) of succinate dehydrogenase. Biochemical assays and metabolomic profiling showed that BB2-50F inhibits succinate oxidation, decreases the activity of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and results in succinate secretion from M. tuberculosis. Moreover, we show that the lethality of BB2-50F under aerobic conditions involves the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, this study identifies BB2-50F as an effective inhibitor of M. tuberculosis and highlights that targeting multiple components of the mycobacterial respiratory chain can produce fast-acting antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Adolph
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Chen-Yi Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Matthew B McNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - William J Jowsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Zoe C Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Kiel Hards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Liam K Harold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ashraf Aboelela
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Richard S Bujaroski
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Buckley
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Joel D A Tyndall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Julian D Langer
- Proteomics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Preiss
- Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Meier
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Adrie J C Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, KwaZulu, Natal, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, Centers for AIDs Research and Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael Berney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Kelso
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gregory M Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand.
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7
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Rana HK, Singh AK, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Antitubercular drugs: possible role of natural products acting as antituberculosis medication in overcoming drug resistance and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1251-1273. [PMID: 37665346 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). TB control programmes are facing threats from drug resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains need longer and more expensive treatment with many medications resulting in more adverse effects and decreased chances of treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasised the development of not just new individual anti-TB drugs, but also novel medication regimens as an alternative treatment option for the drug-resistant Mtb strains. Many plants, as well as marine creatures (sponge; Haliclona sp.) and fungi, have been continuously used to treat TB in various traditional treatment systems around the world, providing an almost limitless supply of active components. Natural products, in addition to their anti-mycobacterial action, can be used as adjuvant therapy to increase the efficacy of conventional anti-mycobacterial medications, reduce their side effects, and reverse MDR Mtb strain due to Mycobacterium's genetic flexibility and environmental adaptation. Several natural compounds such as quercetin, ursolic acid, berberine, thymoquinone, curcumin, phloretin, and propolis have shown potential anti-mycobacterial efficacy and are still being explored in preclinical and clinical investigations for confirmation of their efficacy and safety as anti-TB medication. However, more high-level randomized clinical trials are desperately required. The current review provides an overview of drug-resistant TB along with the latest anti-TB medications, drug-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Further, the role and mechanisms of action of first and second-line anti-TB drugs and new drugs have been highlighted. Finally, the role of natural compounds as anti-TB medication and hepatoprotectants have been described and their mechanisms discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Zoology, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, 229001, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Botany, BMK Government. Girls College, Balod, Chhattisgarh, 491226, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India.
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8
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Fontes FL, Rooker SA, Lynn-Barbe JK, Lyons MA, Crans DC, Crick DC. Pyrazinoic acid, the active form of the anti-tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide, and aromatic carboxylic acid analogs are protonophores. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1350699. [PMID: 38414662 PMCID: PMC10896915 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1350699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinoic acid is the active form of pyrazinamide, a first-line antibiotic used to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. However, the mechanism of action of pyrazinoic acid remains a subject of debate, and alternatives to pyrazinamide in cases of resistance are not available. The work presented here demonstrates that pyrazinoic acid and known protonophores including salicylic acid, benzoic acid, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone all exhibit pH-dependent inhibition of mycobacterial growth activity over a physiologically relevant range of pH values. Other anti-tubercular drugs, including rifampin, isoniazid, bedaquiline, and p-aminosalicylic acid, do not exhibit similar pH-dependent growth-inhibitory activities. The growth inhibition curves of pyrazinoic, salicylic, benzoic, and picolinic acids, as well as carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, all fit a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) derived from acid-base equilibria with R2 values > 0.95. The QSAR model indicates that growth inhibition relies solely on the concentration of the protonated forms of these weak acids (rather than the deprotonated forms). Moreover, pyrazinoic acid, salicylic acid, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone all caused acidification of the mycobacterial cytoplasm at concentrations that inhibit bacterial growth. Thus, it is concluded that pyrazinoic acid acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and that disruption of proton motive force is the primary mechanism of action of pyrazinoic acid rather than the inhibition of a classic enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L. Fontes
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven A. Rooker
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jamie K. Lynn-Barbe
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Michael A. Lyons
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dean C. Crick
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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9
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Naranjo MF, Kumar A, Ratrey P, Hudson SP. Pre-formulation of an additive combination of two antimicrobial agents, clofazimine and nisin A, to boost antimicrobial activity. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1558-1568. [PMID: 38252026 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01800h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is one of the top ten issues that pose a major threat to humanity. The lack of investment by the pharmaceutical industry has meant fewer novel antimicrobial agents are in development, exacerbating the problem. Emerging drug design strategies are exploring the repurposing of existing drugs and the utilization of novel drug candidates, like antimicrobial peptides, to combat drug resistance. This proactive approach is crucial in fighting global health threats. In this study, an additive combination of a repurposed anti-leprosy drug, clofazimine, and an antimicrobial peptide, nisin A, are preformulated using liquid antisolvent precipitation to generate a stable amorphous, ionized nanoparticle system to boost antimicrobial activity. The nanotechnology aims to improve the physicochemical properties of the inherently poorly water-soluble clofazimine molecules while also harnessing the previously unreported additive effect of clofazimine and nisin A. The approach transformed clofazimine into a more water-soluble salt, yielding amorphous nanoparticles stabilized by the antimicrobial peptide; and combined the two drugs into a more soluble and more active formulation. Blending pre-formulation strategies like amorphization, salt formation, and nanosizing to improve the inherent low aqueous solubility of drugs can open many new possibilities for the design of new antimicrobial agents. This fusion of pre-formulation technologies in combination with the multi-hurdle approach of selecting drugs with different effects on microbes could be key in the design platform of new antibiotics in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Flores Naranjo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Poonam Ratrey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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10
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Omar S, Whitfield MG, Nolan MB, Ngom JT, Ismail N, Warren RM, Klopper M. Bedaquiline for treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:211-240. [PMID: 38134888 PMCID: PMC10832598 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing in incidence and associated mortality. NTM are naturally resistant to a variety of antibiotics, complicating treatment. We conducted a literature assessment on the efficacy of bedaquiline in treating NTM species in vitro and in vivo (animal models and humans); meta-analyses were performed where possible. METHOD Four databases were searched using specific terms. Publications were included according to predefined criteria. Bedaquiline's impact on NTM in vitro, MICs and epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values were evaluated. A meta-analysis of bedaquiline efficacy against NTM infections in animal models was performed. Culture conversion, cure and/or relapse-free cure were used to evaluate the efficacy of bedaquiline in treating NTM infection in humans. RESULTS Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria: 33 assessed bedaquiline's impact on NTM in vitro, 9 in animal models and 8 in humans. Three studies assessed bedaquiline's efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Due to data paucity, an ECOFF value of 0.5 mg/mL was estimated for Mycobacterium abscessus only. Meta-analysis of animal studies showed a 1.86× reduction in bacterial load in bedaquiline-treated versus no treatment within 30 days. In humans, bedaquiline-including regimens were effective in treating NTM extrapulmonary infection but not pulmonary infection. CONCLUSIONS Bedaquiline demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against various NTM species and is a promising drug to treat NTM infections. However, data on the genomic mutations associated with bedaquiline resistance were scarce, preventing statistical analyses for most mutations and NTM species. Further studies are urgently needed to better inform treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Omar
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael G Whitfield
- Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute for Health Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret B Nolan
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Justice T Ngom
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nabila Ismail
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rob M Warren
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marisa Klopper
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Stanley S, Wang X, Liu Q, Kwon YY, Frey AM, Hicks ND, Vickers AJ, Hui S, Fortune SM. Ongoing evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis lactate dehydrogenase reveals the pleiotropic effects of bacterial adaption to host pressure. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012050. [PMID: 38422159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacterial determinants that facilitate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) adaptation to the human host environment are poorly characterized. We have sought to decipher the pressures facing the bacterium in vivo by assessing Mtb genes that are under positive selection in clinical isolates. One of the strongest targets of selection in the Mtb genome is lldD2, which encodes a quinone-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase (LldD2) that catalyzes the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate. Lactate accumulation is a salient feature of the intracellular environment during infection and lldD2 is essential for Mtb growth in macrophages. We determined the extent of lldD2 variation across a set of global clinical isolates and defined how prevalent mutations modulate Mtb fitness. We show the stepwise nature of lldD2 evolution that occurs as a result of ongoing lldD2 selection in the background of ancestral lineage-defining mutations and demonstrate that the genetic evolution of lldD2 additively augments Mtb growth in lactate. Using quinone-dependent antibiotic susceptibility as a functional reporter, we also find that the evolved lldD2 mutations functionally increase the quinone-dependent activity of LldD2. Using 13C-lactate metabolic flux tracing, we find that lldD2 is necessary for robust incorporation of lactate into central carbon metabolism. In the absence of lldD2, label preferentially accumulates in dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and is associated with a discernible growth defect, providing experimental evidence for accrued lactate toxicity via the deleterious buildup of sugar phosphates. The evolved lldD2 variants increase lactate incorporation to pyruvate while altering triose phosphate flux, suggesting both an anaplerotic and detoxification benefit to lldD2 evolution. We further show that the mycobacterial cell is transcriptionally sensitive to the changes associated with altered lldD2 activity which affect the expression of genes involved in cell wall lipid metabolism and the ESX- 1 virulence system. Together, these data illustrate a multifunctional role of LldD2 that provides context for the selective advantage of lldD2 mutations in adapting to host stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Stanley
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Young Yon Kwon
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abigail M Frey
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nathan D Hicks
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Vickers
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sheng Hui
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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12
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Islam MM, Alam MS, Liu Z, Khatun MS, Yusuf B, Hameed HMA, Tian X, Chhotaray C, Basnet R, Abraha H, Zhang X, Khan SA, Fang C, Li C, Hasan S, Tan S, Zhong N, Hu J, Zhang T. Molecular mechanisms of resistance and treatment efficacy of clofazimine and bedaquiline against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1304857. [PMID: 38274444 PMCID: PMC10809401 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1304857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Clofazimine (CFZ) and bedaquiline (BDQ) are currently used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. In recent years, adding CFZ and BDQ to tuberculosis (TB) drug regimens against MDR Mtb strains has significantly improved treatment results, but these improvements are threatened by the emergence of MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains. Recently, CFZ and BDQ have attracted much attention for their strong clinical efficacy, although very little is known about the mechanisms of action, drug susceptibility test (DST), resistance mechanisms, cross-resistance, and pharmacokinetics of these two drugs. In this current review, we provide recent updates on the mechanisms of action, DST, associated mutations with individual resistance and cross-resistance, clinical efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of CFZ and BDQ against Mtb strains. Presently, known mechanisms of resistance for CFZ and/or BDQ include mutations within the Rv0678, pepQ, Rv1979c, and atpE genes. The cross-resistance between CFZ and BDQ may reduce available MDR-/XDR-TB treatment options. The use of CFZ and BDQ for treatment in the setting of limited DST could allow further spread of drug resistance. The DST and resistance knowledge are urgently needed where CFZ and BDQ resistance do emerge. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of clinical efficacy, DST, cross-resistance, and pharmacokinetics for CFZ and BDQ against Mtb can provide new ideas for improving treatment outcomes, reducing mortality, preventing drug resistance, and TB transmission. Along with this, it will also help to develop rapid molecular diagnostic tools as well as novel therapeutic drugs for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Shamsuzzoha Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated with University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shah Alam
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mst Sumaia Khatun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buhari Yusuf
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H. M. Adnan Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xirong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chiranjibi Chhotaray
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Rajesh Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haftay Abraha
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shahzad Akbar Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Cuiting Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sohel Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shouyong Tan
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Corvi MM, Rossi F, Ganuza A, Alonso AM, Alberca LN, Dietrich RC, Gavernet L, Talevi A. Triclabendazole and clofazimine reduce replication and spermine uptake in vitro in Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:69. [PMID: 38135783 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Although this infection is generally asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, it can cause serious clinical manifestations in newborns with congenital infection or in immunocompromised patients. As current treatments are not always well tolerated, there is an urgent need to find new drugs against human toxoplasmosis. Drug repurposing has gained considerable momentum in the last decade and is a particularly attractive approach for the search of therapeutic alternatives to treat rare and neglected diseases. Thus, in this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of several repurposed drugs. Of these, clofazimine and triclabendazole displayed a higher selectivity against T. gondii, affecting its replication. Furthermore, both compounds inhibited spermine incorporation into the parasite, which is necessary for the formation of other polyamines. The data reported here indicate that clofazimine and triclabendazole could be used for the treatment of human toxoplasmosis and confirms that drug repurposing is an excellent strategy to find new therapeutic targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Corvi
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular de Parásitos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnología (UNSAM), B7130, Chascomus, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Franco Rossi
- Laboratorio de Estres Biotico y Abiotico en Plantas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnología (UNSAM), Chascomus, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Ganuza
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular de Parásitos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnología (UNSAM), B7130, Chascomus, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Alonso
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular de Parásitos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnología (UNSAM), B7130, Chascomus, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas N Alberca
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Compuestos Bioactivos (LIDeB), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roque C Dietrich
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Compuestos Bioactivos (LIDeB), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Gavernet
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Compuestos Bioactivos (LIDeB), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Compuestos Bioactivos (LIDeB), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Ragunathan P, Shuyi Ng P, Singh S, Poh WH, Litty D, Kalia NP, Larsson S, Harikishore A, Rice SA, Ingham PW, Müller V, Moraski G, Miller MJ, Dick T, Pethe K, Grüber G. GaMF1.39's antibiotic efficacy and its enhanced antitubercular activity in combination with clofazimine, Telacebec, ND-011992, or TBAJ-876. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0228223. [PMID: 37982630 PMCID: PMC10715162 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02282-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE New drugs are needed to combat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The electron transport chain (ETC) maintains the electrochemical potential across the cytoplasmic membrane and allows the production of ATP, the energy currency of any living cell. The mycobacterial engine F-ATP synthase catalyzes the formation of ATP and has come into focus as an attractive and rich drug target. Recent deep insights into these mycobacterial F1FO-ATP synthase elements opened the door for a renaissance of structure-based target identification and inhibitor design. In this study, we present the GaMF1.39 antimycobacterial compound, targeting the rotary subunit γ of the biological engine. The compound is bactericidal, inhibits infection ex vivo, and displays enhanced anti-tuberculosis activity in combination with ETC inhibitors, which promises new strategies to shorten tuberculosis chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ragunathan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pearly Shuyi Ng
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samsher Singh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Poh
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dennis Litty
- Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nitin Pal Kalia
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology & Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Simon Larsson
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaravadhi Harikishore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A. Rice
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip W. Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Volker Müller
- Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Garrett Moraski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas Dick
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin Pethe
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerhard Grüber
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Sawka A, Burke A. Medications and Monitoring in Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:815-828. [PMID: 37890918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease, clinicians must consider potential toxicities that may occur as a result of prolonged exposure to a multidrug antibiotic regimen. Frequent clinical and microbiological monitoring is required to assess response and guide treatment duration. This article summarizes toxicity profiles of the antibiotics that are most frequently prescribed for the treatment of NTM lung disease. The role of therapeutic drug monitoring during use of amikacin and linezolid is discussed. The available evidence to guide frequency and extent of medication monitoring during NTM treatment is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Sawka
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Burke
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Xu J, Koval A, Katanaev VL. Clofazimine: A journey of a drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115539. [PMID: 37742606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Among different strategies to develop novel therapies, drug repositioning (aka repurposing) aims at identifying new uses of an already approved or investigational drug. This approach has the advantages of availability of the extensive pre-existing knowledge of the drug's safety, pharmacology and toxicology, manufacturing and formulation. It provides advantages to the risk-versus-rewards trade-off as compared to the costly and time-consuming de novo drug discovery process. Clofazimine, a red-colored synthetic derivative of riminophenazines initially isolated from lichens, was first synthesized in the 1950 s, and passed through several phases of repositioning in its history as a drug. Being initially developed as an anti-tuberculosis treatment, it was repurposed for the treatment of leprosy, prior to re-repositioning for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and other infections. Since 1990 s, reports on the anticancer properties of clofazimine, both in vitro and in vivo, started to appear. Among the diverse mechanisms of action proposed, the activity of clofazimine as a specific inhibitor of the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway has recently emerged as the promising targeting mechanism of the drug against breast, colon, liver, and other forms of cancer. Seventy years after the initial discovery, clofazimine's journey as a drug finding new applications continues, serving as a colorful illustration of drug repurposing in modern pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Xu
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
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17
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Kumar G, Adhikrao PA. Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis iron-scavenging tools: a recent update on siderophores inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1885-1913. [PMID: 37859726 PMCID: PMC10583813 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various bacterial infections, tuberculosis (TB) remains a life-threatening infectious disease responsible as the most significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in association with TB burdens the healthcare system substantially. Notably, M.tb possesses defence against most antitubercular antibiotic drugs, and the efficacy of existing frontline anti-TB drugs is waning. Also, new and recurring cases of TB from resistant bacteria such as multidrug-resistant TB (MDR), extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), and totally drug-resistant TB (TDR) strains are increasing. Hence, TB begs the scientific community to explore the new therapeutic class of compounds with their novel mechanism. M.tb requires iron from host cells to sustain, grow, and carry out several biological processes. M.tb has developed strategic methods of acquiring iron from the surrounding environment. In this communication, we discuss an overview of M.tb iron-scavenging tools. Also, we have summarized recently identified MbtA and MbtI inhibitors, which prevent M.tb from scavenging iron. These iron-scavenging tool inhibitors have the potential to be developed as anti-TB agents/drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad (NIPER-Hyderabad) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Patil Amruta Adhikrao
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad (NIPER-Hyderabad) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
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18
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Ofori-Anyinam N, Hamblin M, Coldren ML, Li B, Mereddy G, Shaikh M, Shah A, Ranu N, Lu S, Blainey PC, Ma S, Collins JJ, Yang JH. KatG catalase deficiency confers bedaquiline hyper-susceptibility to isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.17.562707. [PMID: 37905073 PMCID: PMC10614911 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a growing source of global mortality and threatens global control of tuberculosis (TB) disease. The diarylquinoline bedaquiline (BDQ) recently emerged as a highly efficacious drug against MDR-TB, defined as resistance to the first-line drugs isoniazid (INH) and rifampin. INH resistance is primarily caused by loss-of-function mutations in the catalase KatG, but mechanisms underlying BDQ's efficacy against MDR-TB remain unknown. Here we employ a systems biology approach to investigate BDQ hyper-susceptibility in INH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis . We found hyper-susceptibility to BDQ in INH-resistant cells is due to several physiological changes induced by KatG deficiency, including increased susceptibility to reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, remodeling of transcriptional programs, and metabolic repression of folate biosynthesis. We demonstrate BDQ hyper-susceptibility is common in INH-resistant clinical isolates. Collectively, these results highlight how altered bacterial physiology can impact drug efficacy in drug-resistant bacteria.
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19
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Stanley S, Wang X, Liu Q, Kwon YY, Frey AM, Hicks ND, Vickers AJ, Hui S, Fortune SM. Ongoing evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis lactate dehydrogenase reveals the pleiotropic effects of bacterial adaption to host pressure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.09.561592. [PMID: 37873410 PMCID: PMC10592758 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial determinants that facilitate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) adaptation to the human host environment are poorly characterized. We have sought to decipher the pressures facing the bacterium in vivo by assessing Mtb genes that are under positive selection in clinical isolates. One of the strongest targets of selection in the Mtb genome is lldD2 , which encodes a quinone-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase (LldD2) that catalyzes the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate. Lactate accumulation is a salient feature of the intracellular environment during infection and lldD2 is essential for Mtb growth in macrophages. We determined the extent of lldD2 variation across a set of global clinical isolates and defined how prevalent mutations modulates Mtb fitness. We show the stepwise nature of lldD2 evolution that occurs as a result of ongoing lldD2 selection in the background of ancestral lineage defining mutations and demonstrate that the genetic evolution of lldD2 additively augments Mtb growth in lactate. Using quinone-dependent antibiotic susceptibility as a functional reporter, we also find that the evolved lldD2 mutations functionally increase the quinone-dependent activity of LldD2. Using 13 C-lactate metabolic flux tracing, we find that lldD2 is necessary for robust incorporation of lactate into central carbon metabolism. In the absence of lldD2 , label preferentially accumulates in methylglyoxal precursors dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and is associated with a discernible growth defect, providing experimental evidence for accumulated lactate toxicity via a methylglyoxal pathway that has been proposed previously. The evolved lldD2 variants increase lactate incorporation to pyruvate but also alter flux in the methylglyoxal pathway, suggesting both an anaplerotic and detoxification benefit to lldD2 evolution. We further show that the mycobacterial cell is transcriptionally sensitive to the changes associated with altered lldD2 activity which affect the expression of genes involved in cell wall lipid metabolism and the ESX-1 virulence system. Together, these data illustrate a multifunctional role of LldD2 that provide context for the selective advantage of lldD2 mutations in adapting to host stress.
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20
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Kaur B, Kaur M, Ahlawat P, Sharma S. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of dual Clofazimine and Verapamil loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:466-474. [PMID: 37746540 PMCID: PMC10516816 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy may counter the risk caused by efflux pumps mediated resistance developed by mycobacteria with a concomitant increase of the bactericidal effect of anti-TB drugs. In the present study, combination of two drugs in a nanoformulation was prepared. Clofazimine targets type 2 NADH dehydrogenase of the electron transport chain, and Verapamil inhibits various mycobacterial efflux pumps. The nanotechnology approach was adopted to overcome limitations associated with administration of free form of drugs by using poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) as a polymer. Nanoparticles were prepared by oil/water single emulsion solvent evaporation procedure and characterized by various techniques. The results thus highlighted that developed nanoparticles were spherical with nano range size (200-450 nm). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed successful encapsulation of drugs in developed nanoformulations. Drugs in combination showed higher encapsulation efficiency and percentage drug loading capacity as compared to individual drug nanoformulations. Also, reduced toxicity of nanoformulation was observed in hemolysis assay as compared to free drugs. Ex-vivo analysis demonstrated efficient uptake of rhodamine encapsulated nanoparticles by THP-1 cells, while in-vivo results revealed sustained drug release of nanoformulation as compared to free drugs in combination. Therefore, we were able to achieve development of a single nanoformulation encapsulating Clofazimine and Verapamil in combination. Based on these findings, future studies can be designed to explore the potential of co-encapsulated Clofazimine and Verapamil nanoparticles in management of tuberculosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01062-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavneet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 160012 Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 160012 Chandigarh, India
| | - Priyanca Ahlawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 160012 Chandigarh, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 160012 Chandigarh, India
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21
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Ellzey LM, Patrick KL, Watson RO. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: double agents in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102366. [PMID: 37453340 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to housing the major energy-producing pathways in cells, mitochondria are active players in innate immune responses. One critical way mitochondria fulfill this role is by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) that are recognized by innate sensors to activate pathways including, but not limited to, cytokine expression, selective autophagy, and cell death. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) is a multifunctional mtDAMP linked to pro- and antimicrobial immune outcomes. Formed as a by-product of energy generation, mtROS links mitochondrial metabolism with downstream innate immune responses. As a result, altered cellular metabolism can change mtROS levels and impact downstream antimicrobial responses in a variety of ways. MtROS has emerged as a particularly important mediator of pathogenesis during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), an intracellular bacterial pathogen that continues to pose a significant threat to global public health. Here, we will summarize how Mtb modulates mtROS levels in infected macrophages and how mtROS dictates Mtb infection outcomes by controlling inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. We propose that mtROS may serve as a biomarker to predict tuberculosis patient outcomes and/or a target for host-directed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M Ellzey
- Interdiscplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, United States; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Kristin L Patrick
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Robert O Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, United States.
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22
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Huo F, Chen X, Zhu H, Guo S, Fu L, Wang B, Lu Y. Rv1453 is associated with clofazimine resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0000223. [PMID: 37615440 PMCID: PMC10580819 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00002-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clofazimine (CFZ) has been repurposed for treating tuberculosis (TB), especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, the mechanisms of resistance to clofazimine are poorly understood. We previously reported a mutation located in the intergenic region of Rv1453 that was linked to resistance to CFZ and demonstrated that an Rv1453 knockout resulted in an increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CFZ. The current study aims to go back and describe in detail how the mutation was identified and further explore its association with CFZ resistance by testing additional 30 isolates. We investigated MICs of clofazimine against 100 clinical strains isolated from MDR-TB patients by microplate alamarBlue assay. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 11 clofazimine-resistant and 7 clofazimine-susceptible strains, including H37Rv. Among the 11 clofazimine-resistant mutants subjected to WGS, the rate of mutation in the intergenic region of the Rv1453 gene was 55% (6/11) in clofazimine-resistant strains. Among another 30 clofazimine-resistant clinical isolates, 27 had mutations in the intergenic region of the Rv1453 gene. A mutation in the Rv1453 gene associated with clofazimine resistance was identified, which shed light on the mechanisms of action and resistance of clofazimine. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) brings great distress to humans. Clofazimine (CFZ) plays an important role in the treatment of MDR-TB. To understand the underlying mechanism of clofazimine resistance better, in this study, we review and detail the findings of the mutation of intergenic region of Rv1453 and find additional evidence that this mutation is related to clofazimine resistance in 30 additional isolates. The significance of our research is to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of clofazimine-resistant mechanisms, which is critical for reducing the emergence of resistance and for anti-TB drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Huo
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaochen Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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23
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Willemse D, Baatjies L, Dippenaar A, Warren RM, Williams MJ. The impact of genotype on the phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔsufR mutants. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 141:102360. [PMID: 37295353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulphur (FeS) cluster biogenesis is a tightly regulated process in vivo. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), SufR functions as a transcriptional repressor of the operon encoding the primary FeS cluster biogenesis system. Previously, three independently isolated mutants (ΔRv1460stop_1.19, ΔRv1460stop _5.19 and ΔRv1460stop _5.20) harbouring the same deletion in sufR, displayed different growth kinetics in OADC supplemented 7H9 media. To investigate this discrepancy, we performed whole genome sequencing of the 3 mutants and the wild-type progenitor. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 3 genes in the ΔRv1460stop_1.19 mutant and one gene in the ΔRv1460stop_5.20 mutant. Phenotyping of the ΔRv1460stop_5.19 mutant, which had no additional SNPs, revealed increased susceptibility to clofazimine, DMNQ and menadione, while uptake and survival in THP-1 cells were not significantly different from the wild-type strain. Given that these results differ from those reported for other sufR deletion mutants (ΔSufRMTB and MtbΔSufR), they suggest that the position of the sufR deletion and the genotype of the progenitor strain impact the resulting phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danicke Willemse
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lucinda Baatjies
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anzaan Dippenaar
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Tuberculosis Omics Research Consortium, Family Medicine and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robin M Warren
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique J Williams
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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24
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Sharma K, Ahmed F, Sharma T, Grover A, Agarwal M, Grover S. Potential Repurposed Drug Candidates for Tuberculosis Treatment: Progress and Update of Drugs Identified in Over a Decade. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17362-17380. [PMID: 37251185 PMCID: PMC10210030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The devastating impact of Tuberculosis (TB) has been a menace to mankind for decades. The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy aims to reduce TB mortality up to 95% and 90% of overall TB cases worldwide, by 2035. This incessant urge will be achieved with a breakthrough in either a new TB vaccine or novel drugs with higher efficacy. However, the development of novel drugs is a laborious process involving a timeline of almost 20-30 years with huge expenditure; on the other hand, repurposing previously approved drugs is a viable technique for overcoming current bottlenecks in the identification of new anti-TB agents. The present comprehensive review discusses the progress of almost all the repurposed drugs that have been identified to the present day (∼100) and are in the development or clinical testing phase against TB. We have also emphasized the efficacy of repurposed drugs in combination with already available frontline anti-TB medications along with the scope of future investigations. This study would provide the researchers a detailed overview of nearly all identified anti-TB repurposed drugs and may assist them in selecting the lead compounds for further in vivo/clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Sharma
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Tarina Sharma
- New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School
of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Meetu Agarwal
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sonam Grover
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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25
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Samanta S, Kumar S, Aratikatla EK, Ghorpade SR, Singh V. Recent developments of imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine analogues as antituberculosis agents. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:644-657. [PMID: 37122538 PMCID: PMC10131611 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2000 years, tuberculosis (TB) has killed more people than any other infectious disease. In 2021, TB claimed 1.6 million lives worldwide, making it the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease after COVID-19. Unfortunately, TB drug discovery research was neglected in the last few decades of the twentieth century. Recently, the World Health Organization has taken the initiative to develop new TB drugs. Imidazopyridine, an important fused bicyclic 5,6 heterocycle has been recognized as a "drug prejudice" scaffold for its wide range of applications in medicinal chemistry. A few examples of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine exhibit significant activity against multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Here, we critically review anti-TB compounds of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine class by discussing their development based on the structure-activity relationship, mode-of-action, and various scaffold hopping strategies over the last decade, which is identified as a renaissance era of TB drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauvik Samanta
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Eswar K Aratikatla
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Sandeep R Ghorpade
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
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26
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Kelam LM, Wani MA, Dhaked DK. An update on ATP synthase inhibitors: A unique target for drug development in M. tuberculosis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:87-104. [PMID: 37105260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
ATP synthase is a key protein in the oxidative phosphorylation process, as it aids in the effective production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) in all life's of kingdoms. ATP synthases have distinctive properties that contribute to efficient ATP synthesis. The ATP synthase of mycobacterium is of special relevance since it has been identified as a target for potential anti-TB molecules, especially Bedaquiline (BDQ). Better knowledge of how mycobacterial ATP synthase functions and its peculiar characteristics will aid in our understanding of bacterial energy metabolism adaptations. Furthermore, identifying and understanding the important distinctions between human ATP synthase and bacterial ATP synthase may provide insight into the design and development of inhibitors that target specific ATP synthase. In recent years, many potential candidates targeting the ATP synthase of mycobacterium have been developed. In this review, we discuss the druggable targets of the Electron transport chain (ETC) and recently identified potent inhibitors (including clinical molecules) from 2015 to 2022 of diverse classes that target ATP synthase of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Mounika Kelam
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Devendra K Dhaked
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
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27
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Ismail N, Dippenaar A, Warren RM, Peters RPH, Omar SV. Emergence of Canonical and Noncanonical Genomic Variants following In Vitro Exposure of Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains to Bedaquiline or Clofazimine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0136822. [PMID: 36892309 PMCID: PMC10112258 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01368-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bedaquiline and clofazimine resistance occurs primarily through Rv0678 variants, a gene encoding a repressor protein that regulates mmpS5/mmpL5 efflux pump gene expression. Despite the shared effect of both drugs on efflux, little else is known about other pathways affected. We hypothesized that in vitro generation of bedaquiline- or clofazimine-resistant mutants could provide insight into additional mechanisms of action. We performed whole-genome sequencing and determined phenotypic MICs for both drugs on progenitor and mutant progenies. Mutants were induced through serial passage on increasing concentrations of bedaquiline or clofazimine. Rv0678 variants were identified in both clofazimine- and bedaquiline-resistant mutants, with concurrent atpE SNPs occurring in the latter. Of concern was the acquisition of variants in the F420 biosynthesis pathway in clofazimine-resistant mutants obtained from either a fully susceptible (fbiD: del555GCT) or rifampicin mono-resistant (fbiA: 283delTG and T862C) progenitor. The acquisition of these variants possibly implicates a shared pathway between clofazimine and nitroimidazoles. Pathways associated with drug tolerance and persistence, F420 biosynthesis, glycerol uptake and metabolism, efflux, and NADH homeostasis appear to be affected following exposure to these drugs. Shared genes affected by both drugs include Rv0678, glpK, nuoG, and uvrD1. Genes with variants in the bedaquiline resistant mutants included atpE, fadE28, truA, mmpL5, glnH, and pks8, while clofazimine-resistant mutants displayed ppsD, fbiA, fbiD, mutT3, fadE18, Rv0988, and Rv2082 variants. These results show the importance of epistatic mechanisms as a means of responding to drug pressure and highlight the complexity of resistance acquisition in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ismail
- SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Prinshof, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - A. Dippenaar
- Global Health Institute, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R. M. Warren
- SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R. P. H. Peters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Prinshof, Gauteng, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School CAPHRI (Care and Public Health Research Institute), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S. V. Omar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School CAPHRI (Care and Public Health Research Institute), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases/National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Tuberculosis, National TB Reference Laboratory & WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Chagaleti BK, Reddy MBR, Saravanan V, B S, D P, Senthil Kumar P, Kathiravan MK. An overview of mechanism and chemical inhibitors of shikimate kinase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14582-14598. [PMID: 36974959 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease other than HIV/AIDS and it is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Resistance development in the bacteria occurs because of genetic alterations, and the molecular insights suggest that the accumulation of mutation in the individual drug target genes is the primary mechanism of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Chorismate is an essential structural fragment for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids and synthesized biochemically by a number of bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, utilizing the shikimate pathway. This shikimate kinase is the newer possible target for the generation of novel antitubercular drug because this pathway is expressed only in mycobacterium and not in Mammals. The discovery and development of shikimate kinase inhibitors provide an opportunity for the development of novel selective medications. Multiple shikimate kinase inhibitors have been identified via insilico virtual screening and related protein-ligand interactions along with their in-vitro studies. These inhibitors bind to the active site in a similar fashion to shikimate. In the current review, we present an overview of the biology and chemistry of the shikimate kinase protein and its inhibitors, with special emphasis on the various active scaffold against the enzyme. A variety of chemically diversified synthetic scaffolds including Benzothiazoles, Oxadiazoles, Thiobarbiturates, Naphthoquinones, Thiazoleacetonitriles, Hybridized Pyrazolone derivatives, Orthologous biological macromolecule derivatives, Manzamine Alkaloids derivatives, Dipeptide inhibitor, and Chalcones are discussed in detail. These derivatives bind to the specific target appropriately proving their potential ability through different binding interactions and effectively explored as an effective and selective Sk inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Chagaleti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M B Rahul Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Saravanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanthakumar B
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya D
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K Kathiravan
- 209, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, Dept of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumar G, Kapoor S. Targeting mycobacterial membranes and membrane proteins: Progress and limitations. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 81:117212. [PMID: 36804747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the various bacterial infections, tuberculosis continues to hold center stage. Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses robust defense mechanisms against most front-line antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. It is now well-established that bacteria change their membrane composition to optimize their environment to survive and elude drug action. Thus targeting membrane or membrane components is a promising avenue for exploiting the chemical space focussed on developing novel membrane-centric anti-bacterial small molecules. These approaches are more effective, non-toxic, and can attenuate resistance phenotype. We present the relevance of targeting the mycobacterial membrane as a practical therapeutic approach. The review highlights the direct and indirect targeting of membrane structure and function. Direct membrane targeting agents cause perturbation in the membrane potential and can cause leakage of the cytoplasmic contents. In contrast, indirect membrane targeting agents disrupt the function of membrane-associated proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis or energy production. We discuss the chronological chemical improvements in various scaffolds targeting specific membrane-associated protein targets, their clinical evaluation, and up-to-date account of their ''mechanisms of action, potency, selectivity'' and limitations. The sources of anti-TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work have emerged from target-based identification, cell-based phenotypic screening, drug repurposing, and natural products. We believe this review will inspire the exploration of uncharted chemical space for informing the development of new scaffolds that can inhibit novel mycobacterial membrane targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Departemnt of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500037, India.
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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Stadler JAM, Maartens G, Meintjes G, Wasserman S. Clofazimine for the treatment of tuberculosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1100488. [PMID: 36817137 PMCID: PMC9932205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shorter (6-9 months), fully oral regimens containing new and repurposed drugs are now the first-choice option for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Clofazimine, long used in the treatment of leprosy, is one such repurposed drug that has become a cornerstone of DR-TB treatment and ongoing trials are exploring novel, shorter clofazimine-containing regimens for drug-resistant as well as drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clofazimine's repurposing was informed by evidence of potent activity against DR-TB strains in vitro and in mice and a treatment-shortening effect in DR-TB patients as part of a multidrug regimen. Clofazimine entered clinical use in the 1950s without the rigorous safety and pharmacokinetic evaluation which is part of modern drug development and current dosing is not evidence-based. Recent studies have begun to characterize clofazimine's exposure-response relationship for safety and efficacy in populations with TB. Despite being better tolerated than some other second-line TB drugs, the extent and impact of adverse effects including skin discolouration and cardiotoxicity are not well understood and together with emergent resistance, may undermine clofazimine use in DR-TB programmes. Furthermore, clofazimine's precise mechanism of action is not well established, as is the genetic basis of clofazimine resistance. In this narrative review, we present an overview of the evidence base underpinning the use and limitations of clofazimine as an antituberculosis drug and discuss advances in the understanding of clofazimine pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and resistance. The unusual pharmacokinetic properties of clofazimine and how these relate to its putative mechanism of action, antituberculosis activity, dosing considerations and adverse effects are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the development of novel riminophenazine analogues as antituberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. M. Stadler
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,*Correspondence: Jacob A. M. Stadler,
| | - Gary Maartens
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sean Wasserman
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zhao X, Wang L, Xia MY, Yang ZC. Antimycobacterial Compound of Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsk.: Bioassay Guided Isolation, Molecular Docking, Synthesis of Analogs, and a Plausible Mechanism of Action. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200965. [PMID: 36567254 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat to human health. Due to the prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), it is urgent to discover drugs with new mechanisms of action (MOA) to ensure effectiveness against strains that are resistant to existing TB drugs. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsk was used to treat TB in Traditional Chinese Medicine. In this article, shikonin, the anti-Mtb active component, was obtained from the whole herb extract of C. lanceolatum by bioassay-guided isolation. Using the microplate alamar blue assay (MABA), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of shikonin against Mtb was determined to be 128 μg/mL. In order to obtain a more efficient anti-Mtb molecule, (E)-1-(6-bromo-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide was synthesized based on the scaffold of shikonin, which exhibited potent activity against Mtb (MIC=4 μg/mL). These results highlight that both naphthalene-1,4-dione and chroman-4-one are pharmacophores with activities against Mtb. To investigate a plausible mechanism of action, the molecular docking was firstly performed against catalase-peroxidase enzyme (KatG) of Mtb using AutoDock 4 software. The results demonstrated that both shikonin and (E)-1-(6-bromo-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide could bind to the active site of Mtb KatG. KatG enzyme activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Mtb cells were then measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method and fluorescence microplate reader assay, respectively. The experiments confirmed that above compounds could inhibit the catalytic activity of Mtb KatG, and cause the ROS accumulation in Mtb cells. Therefore, inhibition of KatG may be a novel mechanism of action for these two compounds to fight against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Meng-Yu Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zai-Chang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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The Mycobacterium bovis BCG GroEL1 Contributes to Isoniazid Tolerance in a Dormant-Like State Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020286. [PMID: 36838252 PMCID: PMC9966693 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, tuberculosis still causes 1.6 million deaths per year. Therefore, efforts to improve tuberculosis treatment are necessary. We previously showed that the GroEL1 protein is involved in antibiotic intrinsic resistance. Indeed, the M. bovis BCG cpn60.1 gene (encoding GroEL1)-disrupted strain (Δcpn60.1) exhibits higher rifampicin and vancomycin susceptibility due to defective cell wall integrity. Here, we show that during hypoxia-triggered growth stasis, in the Wayne dormancy model, the mutant exhibited comparable rifampicin and ethionamide susceptibility but higher isoniazid susceptibility compared to the wild-type strain. Although the Δcpn60.1 strain showed compromised induction of the DosR regulon, growth stasis was achieved, but an ATP burst and a higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were observed in the isoniazid-treated Δcpn60.1 strain. GroEL1 could contribute to INH tolerance by reducing ROS.
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Redox Cycling Dioxonaphthoimidazoliums Disrupt Iron Homeostasis in Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0197022. [PMID: 36377959 PMCID: PMC9769636 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01970-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dioxonaphthoimidazolium scaffold is a novel, highly bactericidal redox cycling antituberculosis chemotype that is reliant on the respiratory enzyme Type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH2) for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we employed Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M. bovis BCG) reporter strains to show that ROS generated by the redox cycler SA23 simulated an iron deficient state in the bacteria, which led to a compensatory increase in the expression of the iron acquisition mbtB gene while collaterally reducing the expression of the iron storage bfrB gene. Exacerbating the iron deficiency via the inclusion of an iron chelator or aggravating oxidative stress by deploying a catalase (KatG) loss-of-function mutant strain enhanced the activity of SA23, whereas a combined approach of treating the katG mutant strain with an iron chelator led to even greater gains in activity. Our results support the notion that the activity of SA23 pivots on a vicious cycle of events that involve the derailment of iron homeostasis toward greater acquisition of the metal, overwhelmed oxidative stress defenses due to enhanced Fenton reactivity, and, ultimately, self-inflicted death. Hence, we posit that redox cyclers that concurrently perturb the iron equilibrium and cellular respiration are well-positioned to be potent next-generation anti-tubercular drugs. IMPORTANCE Cellular respiration in mycobacteria is a potentially rich target space for the discovery of novel drug entities. Here, we show that a redox cycling bactericidal small molecule that selectively activates a respiratory complex in mycobacteria has the surprising effect of disrupting iron homeostasis. Our results support the notion that the disruption of cellular respiration is a potent driver of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the redox cycling molecule. Mycobacteria respond by acquiring iron to restore the levels depleted by the prevailing oxidizing conditions, which inadvertently trigger the compensatory acquisition of the metal. This leads to overwhelmed oxidative stress defenses and yet more iron depletion. For organisms that are unable to break out of this pernicious cycle of events, cell death is the inevitable outcome. Hence, aberrant ROS production by a redox cycling bactericidal agent inflicts a plethora of damaging effects on mycobacteria, including the derailment of iron homeostasis.
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Miranda-Velez M, Sarker GS, Ramisetty P, Geden S, Bartolomeu Halicki PC, Annamalai T, Tse-Dinh YC, Rohde KH, Moon JH. Proton Motive Force-Disrupting Antimycobacterial Guanylurea Polymer. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4668-4677. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Miranda-Velez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Golam Sabbir Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Priya Ramisetty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Sandra Geden
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Priscila Cristina Bartolomeu Halicki
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Annamalai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Kyle H. Rohde
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Singh A, Zhao X, Drlica K. Fluoroquinolone heteroresistance, antimicrobial tolerance, and lethality enhancement. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:938032. [PMID: 36250047 PMCID: PMC9559723 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.938032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With tuberculosis, the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance erodes the ability of treatment to interrupt the progression of MDR-TB to XDR-TB. One way to reduce the emergence of resistance is to identify heteroresistant infections in which subpopulations of resistant mutants are likely to expand and make the infections fully resistant: treatment modification can be instituted to suppress mutant enrichment. Rapid DNA-based detection methods exploit the finding that fluoroquinolone-resistant substitutions occur largely in a few codons of DNA gyrase. A second approach for restricting the emergence of resistance involves understanding fluoroquinolone lethality through studies of antimicrobial tolerance, a condition in which bacteria fail to be killed even though their growth is blocked by lethal agents. Studies with Escherichia coli guide work with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lethal action, which is mechanistically distinct from blocking growth, is associated with a surge in respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mutations in carbohydrate metabolism that attenuate ROS accumulation create pan-tolerance to antimicrobials, disinfectants, and environmental stressors. These observations indicate the existence of a general death pathway with respect to stressors. M. tuberculosis displays a variation on the death pathway idea, as stress-induced ROS is generated by NADH-mediated reductive stress rather than by respiration. A third approach, which emerges from lethality studies, uses a small molecule, N-acetyl cysteine, to artificially increase respiration and additional ROS accumulation. That enhances moxifloxacin lethality with M. tuberculosis in culture, during infection of cultured macrophages, and with infection of mice. Addition of ROS stimulators to fluoroquinolone treatment of tuberculosis constitutes a new direction for suppressing the transition of MDR-TB to XDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Singh, ; Karl Drlica,
| | - Xilin Zhao
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Amit Singh, ; Karl Drlica,
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Brunaugh AD, Walz A, Warnken Z, Pearce C, Munoz Gutierrez J, Koleng JJ, Smyth HDC, Gonzalez-Juarrero M. Respirable Clofazimine Particles Produced by Air Jet Milling Technique Are Efficacious in Treatment of BALB/c Mice with Chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0018622. [PMID: 35943265 PMCID: PMC9487480 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00186-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to health care workers, cold-chain storage, and sterile water sources may be limited. Inhaled drug delivery is a promising alternative to systemic delivery of antimycobacterial drugs, as it enables rapid achievement of high infection-site drug concentrations. The off-patent drug clofazimine (CFZ) may be particularly suitable for this route, given its known systemic toxicities. In this study, micronized CFZ particles produced by air jet milling were assessed for shelf-stability, pharmacokinetics, and anti-TB efficacy by the oral and pulmonary routes in BALB/c mice. Intratracheal instillation of micronized CFZ particles produced several-fold higher lung concentrations after a single 30 mg/kg dose compared to delivery via oral gavage, and faster onset of bactericidal activity was observed in lungs of mice with chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection compared to the oral route. Both infection status and administration route affected the multidose pharmacokinetics (PK) of micronized CFZ. Increased lung and spleen accumulation of the drug after pulmonary administration was noted in infected mice compared to naive mice, while the opposite trend was noted in the oral dosing groups. The infection-dependent PK of inhaled micronized CFZ may point to a role of macrophage trafficking in drug distribution, given the intracellular-targeting nature of the formulation. Lastly, air jet milled CFZ exhibited robustness to storage-induced chemical degradation and changes in aerosol performance, thereby indicating the suitability of the formulation for treatment of TB in regions with limited cold chain supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee D. Brunaugh
- Via Therapeutics, LLC, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda Walz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Camron Pearce
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Juan Munoz Gutierrez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Hugh D. C. Smyth
- Via Therapeutics, LLC, Austin, Texas, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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McNeil MB, Cheung CY, Waller NJE, Adolph C, Chapman CL, Seeto NEJ, Jowsey W, Li Z, Hameed HMA, Zhang T, Cook GM. Uncovering interactions between mycobacterial respiratory complexes to target drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:980844. [PMID: 36093195 PMCID: PMC9461714 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.980844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality for which new drug combination therapies are needed. Mycobacterial bioenergetics has emerged as a promising space for the development of novel therapeutics. Further to this, unique combinations of respiratory inhibitors have been shown to have synergistic or synthetic lethal interactions, suggesting that combinations of bioenergetic inhibitors could drastically shorten treatment times. Realizing the full potential of this unique target space requires an understanding of which combinations of respiratory complexes, when inhibited, have the strongest interactions and potential in a clinical setting. In this review, we discuss (i) chemical-interaction, (ii) genetic-interaction and (iii) chemical-genetic interaction studies to explore the consequences of inhibiting multiple mycobacterial respiratory components. We provide potential mechanisms to describe the basis for the strongest interactions. Finally, whilst we place an emphasis on interactions that occur with existing bioenergetic inhibitors, by highlighting interactions that occur with alternative respiratory components we envision that this information will provide a rational to further explore alternative proteins as potential drug targets and as part of unique drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. McNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins, Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Matthew B. McNeil, ; Gregory M. Cook,
| | - Chen-Yi Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Natalie J. E. Waller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cara Adolph
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cassandra L. Chapman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Noon E. J. Seeto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - William Jowsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H. M. Adnan Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Gregory M. Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins, Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Matthew B. McNeil, ; Gregory M. Cook,
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Genome-wide association studies of global Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to 13 antimicrobials in 10,228 genomes identify new resistance mechanisms. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001755. [PMID: 35944070 PMCID: PMC9363015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major global public health concern that threatens the ability to control the disease. Whole-genome sequencing as a tool to rapidly diagnose resistant infections can transform patient treatment and clinical practice. While resistance mechanisms are well understood for some drugs, there are likely many mechanisms yet to be uncovered, particularly for new and repurposed drugs. We sequenced 10,228 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates worldwide and determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on a grid of 2-fold concentration dilutions for 13 antimicrobials using quantitative microtiter plate assays. We performed oligopeptide- and oligonucleotide-based genome-wide association studies using linear mixed models to discover resistance-conferring mechanisms not currently catalogued. Use of MIC over binary resistance phenotypes increased sample heritability for the new and repurposed drugs by 26% to 37%, increasing our ability to detect novel associations. For all drugs, we discovered uncatalogued variants associated with MIC, including in the Rv1218c promoter binding site of the transcriptional repressor Rv1219c (isoniazid), upstream of the vapBC20 operon that cleaves 23S rRNA (linezolid) and in the region encoding an α-helix lining the active site of Cyp142 (clofazimine, all p < 10-7.7). We observed that artefactual signals of cross-resistance could be unravelled based on the relative effect size on MIC. Our study demonstrates the ability of very large-scale studies to substantially improve our knowledge of genetic variants associated with antimicrobial resistance in M. tuberculosis.
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Abdelaal HFM, Chan ED, Young L, Baldwin SL, Coler RN. Mycobacterium abscessus: It’s Complex. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071454. [PMID: 35889173 PMCID: PMC9316637 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is an opportunistic pathogen usually colonizing abnormal lung airways and is often seen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Currently, there is no vaccine available for M. abscessus in clinical development. The treatment of M. abscessus-related pulmonary diseases is peculiar due to intrinsic resistance to several commonly used antibiotics. The development of either prophylactic or therapeutic interventions for M. abscessus pulmonary infections is hindered by the absence of an adequate experimental animal model. In this review, we outline the critical elements related to M. abscessus virulence mechanisms, host–pathogen interactions, and treatment challenges associated with M. abscessus pulmonary infections. The challenges of effectively combating this pathogen include developing appropriate preclinical animal models of infection, developing proper diagnostics, and designing novel strategies for treating drug-resistant M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem F. M. Abdelaal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145, USA; (H.F.M.A.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Edward D. Chan
- Department of Academic Affairs and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Pulmonary Section, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisa Young
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145, USA; (H.F.M.A.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145, USA; (H.F.M.A.); (S.L.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence:
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40
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Lanni A, Borroni E, Iacobino A, Russo C, Gentile L, Fattorini L, Giannoni F. Activity of Drug Combinations against Mycobacterium abscessus Grown in Aerobic and Hypoxic Conditions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071421. [PMID: 35889140 PMCID: PMC9316547 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab), an environmental non-tuberculous mycobacterium, are difficult to eradicate from patients with pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis even after years of antibiotic treatments. In these people, the low oxygen pressure in mucus and biofilm may restrict Mab growth from actively replicating aerobic (A) to non-replicating hypoxic (H) stages, which are known to be extremely drug-tolerant. After the exposure of Mab A and H cells to drugs, killing was monitored by measuring colony-forming units (CFU) and regrowth in liquid medium (MGIT 960) of 1-day-old A cells (A1) and 5-day-old H cells (H5). Mab killing was defined as a lack of regrowth of drug-exposed cells in MGIT tubes after >50 days of incubation. Out of 18 drugs tested, 14-day treatments with bedaquiline-amikacin (BDQ-AMK)-containing three-drug combinations were very active against A1 + H5 cells. However, drug-tolerant cells (persisters) were not killed, as shown by CFU curves with typical bimodal trends. Instead, 56-day treatments with the nitrocompounds containing combinations BDQ-AMK-rifabutin-clarithromycin-nimorazole and BDQ-AMK-rifabutin-clarithromycin-metronidazole-colistin killed all A1 + H5 Mab cells in 42 and 56 days, respectively, as shown by lack of regrowth in agar and MGIT medium. Overall, these data indicated that Mab persisters may be killed by appropriate drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lanni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (A.I.); (L.F.)
| | - Emanuele Borroni
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angelo Iacobino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (A.I.); (L.F.)
| | - Cristina Russo
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Leonarda Gentile
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Lanfranco Fattorini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (A.I.); (L.F.)
| | - Federico Giannoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (A.I.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49902318; Fax: +39-06-49387112
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41
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Zhao X, Mei Y, Guo Z, Si S, Ma X, Li Y, Li Y, Song D. Discovery of new riminophenazine analogues as antimycobacterial agents against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:105929. [PMID: 35701239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-three new riminophenazine and pyrido[3,2-b]quinoxaline derivatives were prepared and examined for their antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, taking clofazimine (1) as the lead. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that the introduction of a heterocycle or diethylamine substituted benzene moiety on the N-5 atom might be beneficial for activity. The most potent compound 7m also displayed enhanced activity against wild-type as well as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB clinical isolates, with the MICs ranging from 0.08 to 1.25 μg/mL, especially effective toward strain M20A507, resistant to 1. Further mechanism study indicated that its anti-TB activity was independent of cell membrane disruption, but related to NDH-2 reduction and the resulting high ROS production. Our study provides instructive guidance for the further development of clofazimine derivatives into promising antimicrobial agents against MDR and XDR TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuheng Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhihao Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuyi Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xican Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Danqing Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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42
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Fernandes GFS, Thompson AM, Castagnolo D, Denny WA, Dos Santos JL. Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: Challenges and New Horizons. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7489-7531. [PMID: 35612311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 2000 years, tuberculosis (TB) has claimed more lives than any other infectious disease. In 2020 alone, TB was responsible for 1.5 million deaths worldwide, comparable to the 1.8 million deaths caused by COVID-19. The World Health Organization has stated that new TB drugs must be developed to end this pandemic. After decades of neglect in this field, a renaissance era of TB drug discovery has arrived, in which many novel candidates have entered clinical trials. However, while hundreds of molecules are reported annually as promising anti-TB agents, very few successfully progress to clinical development. In this Perspective, we critically review those anti-TB compounds published in the last 6 years that demonstrate good in vivo efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, we highlight the main challenges and strategies for developing new TB drugs and the current global pipeline of drug candidates in clinical studies to foment fresh research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F S Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jean L Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
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43
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Anti-Mycobacterium abscessus Activity of Tuberculosis F-ATP Synthase Inhibitor GaMF1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0001822. [PMID: 35481752 PMCID: PMC9112937 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00018-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New drug targets and molecules with bactericidal activity are needed against the respiratory mycobacterial pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus. Employing a lead repurposing strategy, the antituberculosis compound GaMF1 was tested against M. abscessus. Whole-cell and ATP synthesis assays demonstrated that GaMF1 inhibits growth and kills M. abscessus by targeting the F-ATP synthase. GaMF1's anti-M. abscessus activity increased in combination with clofazimine, rifabutin, or amikacin. The study expands the repertoire of anti-M. abscessus compounds targeting oxidative phosphorylation.
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44
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Bainomugisa A, Lavu E, Pandey S, Majumdar S, Banamu J, Coulter C, Marais B, Coin L, Graham SM, du Cros P. Evolution and spread of a highly drug resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Papua New Guinea. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:437. [PMID: 35524232 PMCID: PMC9077924 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular mechanisms determining the transmission and prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) are poorly understood. We used genomic and drug susceptibility data to explore the evolutionary history, temporal acquisition of resistance and transmission dynamics of DR-TB across PNG. METHODS We performed whole genome sequencing on isolates from Central Public Health Laboratory, PNG, collected 2017-2019. Data analysis was done on a composite dataset that also included 100 genomes previously sequenced from Daru, PNG (2012-2015). RESULTS Sampled isolates represented 14 of the 22 PNG provinces, the majority (66/94; 70%) came from the National Capital District (NCD). In the composite dataset, 91% of strains were Beijing 2.2.1.1, identified in 13 provinces. Phylogenetic tree of Beijing strains revealed two clades, Daru dominant clade (A) and NCD dominant clade (B). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was repeatedly and independently acquired, with the first MDR cases in both clades noted to have emerged in the early 1990s, while fluoroquinolone resistance emerged in 2009 (95% highest posterior density 2000-2016). We identified the presence of a frameshift mutation within Rv0678 (p.Asp47fs) which has been suggested to confer resistance to bedaquiline, despite no known exposure to the drug. Overall genomic clustering was significantly associated with rpoC compensatory and inhA promoter mutations (p < 0.001), with high percentage of most genomic clusters (12/14) identified in NCD, reflecting its role as a potential national amplifier. CONCLUSIONS The acquisition and evolution of drug resistance among the major clades of Beijing strain threaten the success of DR-TB treatment in PNG. With continued transmission of this strain in PNG, genotypic drug resistance surveillance using whole genome sequencing is essential for improved public health response to outbreaks. With occurrence of resistance to newer drugs such as bedaquiline, knowledge of full drug resistance profiles will be important for optimal treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn Lavu
- University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.,Central Public Health Laboratory, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Sushil Pandey
- Queensland Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Suman Majumdar
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Banamu
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Chris Coulter
- Queensland Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Marais
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lachlan Coin
- Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen M Graham
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philipp du Cros
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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45
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Flipo M, Frita R, Bourotte M, Martínez-Martínez MS, Boesche M, Boyle GW, Derimanov G, Drewes G, Gamallo P, Ghidelli-Disse S, Gresham S, Jiménez E, de Mercado J, Pérez-Herrán E, Porras-De Francisco E, Rullas J, Casado P, Leroux F, Piveteau C, Kiass M, Mathys V, Soetaert K, Megalizzi V, Tanina A, Wintjens R, Antoine R, Brodin P, Delorme V, Moune M, Djaout K, Slupek S, Kemmer C, Gitzinger M, Ballell L, Mendoza-Losana A, Lociuro S, Deprez B, Barros-Aguirre D, Remuiñán MJ, Willand N, Baulard AR. The small-molecule SMARt751 reverses Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to ethionamide in acute and chronic mouse models of tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eaaz6280. [PMID: 35507672 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), to antibiotic prodrugs is dependent on the efficacy of the activation process that transforms the prodrugs into their active antibacterial moieties. Various oxidases of M. tuberculosis have the potential to activate the prodrug ethionamide. Here, we used medicinal chemistry coupled with a phenotypic assay to select the N-acylated 4-phenylpiperidine compound series. The lead compound, SMARt751, interacted with the transcriptional regulator VirS of M. tuberculosis, which regulates the mymA operon encoding a monooxygenase that activates ethionamide. SMARt751 boosted the efficacy of ethionamide in vitro and in mouse models of acute and chronic TB. SMARt751 also restored full efficacy of ethionamide in mice infected with M. tuberculosis strains carrying mutations in the ethA gene, which cause ethionamide resistance in the clinic. SMARt751 was shown to be safe in tests conducted in vitro and in vivo. A model extrapolating animal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters to humans predicted that as little as 25 mg of SMARt751 daily would allow a fourfold reduction in the dose of ethionamide administered while retaining the same efficacy and reducing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Flipo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rosangela Frita
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marilyne Bourotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.,BioVersys SAS, Lille, France
| | | | - Markus Boesche
- Cellzome GmbH . A GSK Company, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gary W Boyle
- GSK, David Jack Centre for R&D, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, UK
| | - Geo Derimanov
- GSK, Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome GmbH . A GSK Company, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Gamallo
- GSK, Tres Cantos R&D, PTM, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stephanie Gresham
- GSK, David Jack Centre for R&D, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, UK
| | - Elena Jiménez
- GSK, Tres Cantos R&D, PTM, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Joaquín Rullas
- GSK, Tres Cantos R&D, PTM, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Kiass
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Mathys
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Soetaert
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Megalizzi
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Facult. de Pharmacie, Universit. Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abdalkarim Tanina
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Facult. de Pharmacie, Universit. Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René Wintjens
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Facult. de Pharmacie, Universit. Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rudy Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Delorme
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Moune
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kamel Djaout
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Slupek
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | - Lluis Ballell
- GSK, Tres Cantos R&D, PTM, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
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Investigation of Clofazimine Resistance and Genetic Mutations in Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071927. [PMID: 35407536 PMCID: PMC9000149 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, as clofazimine (CFZ) showed a good therapeutic effect in treating multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), the anti-tuberculosis activity and resistance were re-focused. Here, we investigated the CFZ resistance and genetic mutations of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (DR-Mtb) isolates to improve the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB patients. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CFZ was examined by resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) with two reference strains and 122 clinical isolates from Korea. The cause of CFZ resistance was investigated in relation to the therapeutic history of patients. Mutations of Rv0678, Rv1979c and pepQ of CFZ resistant isolates were analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing. The rate of CFZ resistance with MIC > 1 mg/L was 4.1% in drug-resistant Mtb isolates. The cause of CFZ resistance was not related to treatment with CFZ or bedaquiline. A CFZ susceptibility test should be conducted regardless of dugs use history. The four novel mutation sites were identified in the Rv0678 and pepQ genes related to CFZ resistance in this study.
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47
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Mashele SA, Steel HC, Matjokotja MT, Rasehlo SSM, Anderson R, Cholo MC. Assessment of the efficacy of clofazimine alone and in combination with primary agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:343-352. [PMID: 35339735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The chemotherapeutic regimens of drug-susceptible (DS)-tuberculosis (TB) patients comprise four primary anti-TB drugs; rifampicin (RMP), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB) and pyrazinamide (PZA), administered for six-to-nine months. These drug regimens target the various microbial populations that include actively-replicating (AR), slow-replicating (SR) and non-replicating (NR) organisms. Clofazimine (CFZ) has showed benefit in shortening DS-TB treatment in vivo from six to four months when used in combination with this regimen in murine models of experimental infection. However, its antimicrobial efficacy when used in combination with the primary drugs against the various microbial populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has not been demonstrated. METHODS In the current in vitro study, the inhibitory and bactericidal activities of CFZ in combination with the primary anti-TB drugs, RMP, INH and EMB against the AR and SR organisms in planktonic and biofilm-forming cultures, respectively, were evaluated by fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and fractional bactericidal concentration index (FBCI) determinations, using the Loewe Additivity Model. RESULTS In planktonic cultures, CFZ demonstrated synergistic growth inhibitory activity in combination with RMP and INH individually and collectively. With respect to bactericidal activity, CFZ exhibited synergistic activity only in a two-drug combination with RMP. However, in biofilm-forming cultures, all CFZ-containing anti-TB drug combinations exhibited synergistic inhibitory and bactericidal effects, particularly in combination with RIF and INH. CONCLUSION Clofazimine exhibited synergistic effects in combination with primary anti-TB drugs against both planktonic and biofilm-forming cultures, showing potential benefit in augmenting treatment outcome when used during standard TB chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mashele
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - H C Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M T Matjokotja
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S S M Rasehlo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M C Cholo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Alexey R, Dariya S, Liudmyla I, Lilia V, Valeriy M, Dmytro L, Oleksandr B, Svitlana S, Sergii O, Elijah B, Mariia S, Yaroslav B, Pavel K. Structure-based virtual screening and biological evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium Z-ring formation. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:852-862. [PMID: 35297088 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The major part of commercial prodrugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on cell division and inhibition of bacterial growth in vitro. However, further implementation often failed to overcome the compensatory system of interchangeable cascades. This is the most common situation for the compounds, which hit the key enzymes activities involved in all basic stages of the cell cycle. We decided to find more compounds, which could affect a cytoskeleton complex playing important role in sensing the external signals, intracellular transport, and cell division. In general, the bacterial cytoskeleton is crucial for response to the environment and participates in cell-to-cell communication. In turn, filamentous temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ) protein, a mycobacterial tubulin homolog, is essential for Z-ring formation and further bacteria cell division. We predicted the most preferable binding-sites and conducted a high-throughput virtual screening. Modeling results suggest that some compounds bind in a specific region on the surface Mtb FtsZ, which is absent in human, and other could hit GTPase activity of the FtsZ. Further in vitro studies confirmed that these novel molecules can efficiently bind to these pockets, demonstrating an effect on the polymerization state and kinetics mechanisms. The rescaling of the experiment on the cell line revealed that reported compounds are able to alter the polymerization level of the filamentous and, therefore, prevent mycobacteria reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayevsky Alexey
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Кyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Molecular Modeling, Enamine Ltd., Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Samofalova Dariya
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Кyiv, Ukraine
- R&D Department, Life Chemicals Inc., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishchenko Liudmyla
- Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vygovska Lilia
- Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mazur Valeriy
- Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Labudzynskyi Dmytro
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Borysov Oleksandr
- Department of Molecular Modeling, Enamine Ltd., Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Spivak Svitlana
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Кyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ozheredov Sergii
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Кyiv, Ukraine
| | - Bulgakov Elijah
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Кyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stykhylias Mariia
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Blume Yaroslav
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Кyiv, Ukraine
| | - Karpov Pavel
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Кyiv, Ukraine
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49
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Multiplexed transcriptional repression identifies a network of bactericidal interactions between mycobacterial respiratory complexes. iScience 2022; 25:103573. [PMID: 34984329 PMCID: PMC8692989 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality for which new drug combination therapies are needed. Combinations of respiratory inhibitors can have synergistic or synthetic lethal interactions with sterilizing activity, suggesting that regimens with multiple bioenergetic inhibitors could shorten treatment times. However, realizing this potential requires an understanding of which combinations of respiratory complexes, when inhibited, have the strongest consequences on bacterial growth and viability. Here we have used multiplex CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and Mycobacterium smegmatis as a physiological and molecular model for mycobacterial respiration to identify interactions between respiratory complexes. In this study, we identified synthetic lethal and synergistic interactions between respiratory complexes and demonstrated how the engineering of CRISPRi-guide sequences can be used to further explore networks of interacting gene pairs. These results provide fundamental insights into the functions of and interactions between bioenergetic complexes and the utility of CRISPRi in designing drug combinations.
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50
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Challenges in targeting mycobacterial ATP synthase: The known and beyond. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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