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Guo YY, Liang NN, Zhang XY, Ren YH, Wu WZ, Liu ZB, He YZ, Zhang YH, Huang YC, Zhang T, Xu DX, Xu S. Mitochondrial GPX4 acetylation is involved in cadmium-induced renal cell ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103179. [PMID: 38733909 PMCID: PMC11103486 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences demonstrate that environmental stressors are important inducers of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to Cd, an environmental stressor, on renal cell ferroptosis. Transcriptomics analyses showed that arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolic pathway was disrupted in Cd-exposed mouse kidneys. Targeted metabolomics showed that renal oxidized ARA metabolites were increased in Cd-exposed mice. Renal 4-HNE, MDA, and ACSL4, were upregulated in Cd-exposed mouse kidneys. Consistent with animal experiments, the in vitro experiments showed that mitochondrial oxidized lipids were elevated in Cd-exposed HK-2 cells. Ultrastructure showed mitochondrial membrane rupture in Cd-exposed mouse kidneys. Mitochondrial cristae were accordingly reduced in Cd-exposed mouse kidneys. Mitochondrial SIRT3, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that regulates mitochondrial protein stability, was reduced in Cd-exposed mouse kidneys. Subsequently, mitochondrial GPX4 acetylation was elevated and mitochondrial GPX4 protein was reduced in Cd-exposed mouse kidneys. Interestingly, Cd-induced mitochondrial GPX4 acetylation and renal cell ferroptosis were exacerbated in Sirt3-/- mice. Conversely, Cd-induced mitochondrial oxidized lipids were attenuated in nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)-pretreated HK-2 cells. Moreover, Cd-evoked mitochondrial GPX4 acetylation and renal cell ferroptosis were alleviated in NMN-pretreated mouse kidneys. These results suggest that mitochondrial GPX4 acetylation, probably caused by SIRT3 downregulation, is involved in Cd-evoked renal cell ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Guo
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ren
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Zhang He
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yi-Hao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Shen Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Torres-Velarde JM, Allen KN, Salvador-Pascual A, Leija RG, Luong D, Moreno-Santillán DD, Ensminger DC, Vázquez-Medina JP. Peroxiredoxin 6 suppresses ferroptosis in lung endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:82-93. [PMID: 38579937 PMCID: PMC11177496 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) repairs peroxidized membranes by reducing oxidized phospholipids, and by replacing oxidized sn-2 fatty acyl groups through hydrolysis/reacylation by its phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activities. Prdx6 is highly expressed in the lung, and intact lungs and cells null for Prdx6 or with single-point mutations that inactivate either Prdx6-peroxidase or aiPLA2 activity alone exhibit decreased viability, increased lipid peroxidation, and incomplete repair when exposed to paraquat, hyperoxia, or organic peroxides. Ferroptosis is form of cell death driven by the accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides. We studied the role of Prdx6 as a ferroptosis suppressor in the lung. We first compared the expression Prdx6 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and visualized Prdx6 and GPx4 within the lung. Lung Prdx6 mRNA levels were five times higher than GPx4 levels. Both Prdx6 and GPx4 localized to epithelial and endothelial cells. Prdx6 knockout or knockdown sensitized lung endothelial cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Cells with genetic inactivation of either aiPLA2 or Prdx6-peroxidase were more sensitive to ferroptosis than WT cells, but less sensitive than KO cells. We then conducted RNA-seq analyses in Prdx6-depleted cells to further explore how the loss of Prdx6 sensitizes lung endothelial cells to ferroptosis. Prdx6 KD upregulated transcriptional signatures associated with selenoamino acid metabolism and mitochondrial function. Accordingly, Prdx6 deficiency blunted mitochondrial function and increased GPx4 abundance whereas GPx4 KD had the opposite effect on Prdx6. Moreover, we detected Prdx6 and GPx4 interactions in intact cells, suggesting that both enzymes cooperate to suppress lipid peroxidation. Notably, Prdx6-depleted cells remained sensitive to erastin-induced ferroptosis despite the compensatory increase in GPx4. These results show that Prdx6 suppresses ferroptosis in lung endothelial cells and that both aiPLA2 and Prdx6-peroxidase contribute to this effect. These results also show that Prdx6 supports mitochondrial function and modulates several coordinated cytoprotective pathways in the pulmonary endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaitlin N Allen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Roberto G Leija
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Diamond Luong
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - David C Ensminger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Meng J, Che N, Zhao X, Liu T. PTGER3 knockdown inhibits the vulnerability of triple-negative breast cancer to ferroptosis. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2067-2081. [PMID: 38566528 PMCID: PMC11145128 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E receptor 3 (PTGER3) is involved in a variety of biological processes in the human body and is closely associated with the development and progression of a variety of cancer types. However, the role of PTGER3 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. In the present study, low PTGER3 expression was found to be associated with poor prognosis in TNBC patients. PTGER3 plays a crucial role in regulating TNBC cell invasion, migration, and proliferation. Upregulation of PTGER3 weakens the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype in TNBC and promotes ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo by repressing glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. On the other hand, downregulation of PTGER3 inhibits ferroptosis by increasing GPX4 expression and activating the PI3K-AKT pathway. Upregulation of PTGER3 also enhances the sensitivity of TNBC cells to paclitaxel. Overall, this study has elucidated critical pathways in which low PTGER3 expression protects TNBC cells from undergoing ferroptosis, thereby promoting its progression. PTGER3 may thus serve as a novel and promising biomarker and therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yueyao Zhang
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Na Che
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Tieju Liu
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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Islam MR, Akash S, Jony MH, Alam MN, Nowrin FT, Rahman MM, Rauf A, Thiruvengadam M. Exploring the potential function of trace elements in human health: a therapeutic perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2141-2171. [PMID: 36637616 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A trace element, known as a minor element, is a chemical element whose concentration is very low. They are divided into essential and non-essential classes. Numerous physiological and metabolic processes in both plants and animals require essential trace elements. These essential trace elements are so directly related to the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism that either their excess or deficiency can result in severe bodily malfunction or, in the worst situations, death. Elements can be found in nature in various forms and are essential for the body to carry out its varied functions. Trace elements are crucial for biological, chemical, and molecular cell activity. Nutritional deficits can lead to weakened immunity, increased susceptibility to oral and systemic infections, delayed physical and mental development, and lower productivity. Trace element enzymes are involved in many biological and chemical processes. These compounds act as co-factors for a number of enzymes and serve as centers for stabilizing the structures of proteins and enzymes, allowing them to mediate crucial biological processes. Some trace elements control vital biological processes by attaching to molecules on the cell membrane's receptor site or altering the structure of the membrane to prevent specific molecules from entering the cell. Some trace elements are engaged in redox reactions. Trace elements have two purposes. They are required for the regular stability of cellular structures, but when lacking, they might activate alternate routes and induce disorders. Therefore, thoroughly understanding these trace elements is essential for maintaining optimal health and preventing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maruf Hossain Jony
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Noor Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Feana Tasmim Nowrin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Pan W, Xiang L, Liang X, Du W, Zhao J, Zhang S, Zhou X, Geng L, Gong S, Xu W. Vitronectin Destroyed Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation through Activation of PDE4-Mediated Ferroptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:6623329. [PMID: 37501933 PMCID: PMC10371469 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6623329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Vitronectin (VTN) has been reported to trigger cell pyroptosis to aggravate inflammation in our previous study. However, the function of VTN in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains to be addressed. Methods Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to analyze VTN-regulated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) differentiation through ferroptosis, and immunofluorescence (IF), luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to identify whether VTN-modulated ferroptosis is dependent on phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4)/protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB) cascade pathway. In vivo experiment in mice and a pilot study in patients with IBD were used to confirm inhibition of PDE4-alleviated IECs ferroptosis, leading to cell differentiation during mucosal healing. Results Herein, we found that caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2-mediated IECs differentiation was impaired in response to VTN, which was attributed to enhanced ferroptosis characterized by decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 expression. Inhibition of ferroptosis in IECs rescued the inhibitory effect of VTN on cell differentiation. Further analysis showed that VTN triggered phosphorylation of PDE4, leading to inhibit PKA/CREB activation and CREB nuclear translocation, which further reduced GPX4 transactivation. Endogenous PKA interacted with CREB, and this interaction was destroyed in response to VTN stimulation. What is more, overexpression of CREB in CaCO2 cells overcame the promotion of VTN on ferroptosis. Most importantly, inhibition of PDE4 by roflumilast or dipyridamole could alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice and in a pilot clinical study confirmed by IF. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that highly expressed VTN disrupted IECs differentiation through PDE4-mediated ferroptosis in IBD, suggesting targeting PDE4 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
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Lv Y, Chen D, Tian X, Xiao J, Xu C, Du L, Li J, Zhou S, Chen Y, Zhuang R, Gong Y, Ying B, Gao-Smith F, Jin S, Gao Y. Protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:293. [PMID: 37121999 PMCID: PMC10150510 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and serious complication of sepsis with high mortality. Ferroptosis, categorized as programmed cell death, contributes to the development of lung injury. Protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (PCTR1) is an endogenous lipid mediator that exerts protective effects against multiorgan injury. However, the role of PCTR1 in the ferroptosis of sepsis-related ALI remains unknown. METHODS A pulmonary epithelial cell line and a mouse model of ALI stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were established in vitro and in vivo. Ferroptosis biomarkers, including ferrous (Fe2+), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), were assessed by relevant assay kits. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) protein levels were determined by western blotting. Lipid peroxides were examined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell viability was determined by a CCK-8 assay kit. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed with transmission electron microscopy. Morphology and inflammatory cytokine levels predicted the severity of lung injury. Afterward, related inhibitors were used to explore the potential mechanism by which PCTR1 regulates ferroptosis. RESULTS PCTR1 treatment protected mice from LPS-induced lung injury, which was consistent with the effect of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. PCTR1 treatment decreased Fe2+, PTGS2 and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, increased GSH and GPX4 levels and ameliorated mitochondrial ultrastructural injury. Administration of LPS or the ferroptosis agonist RSL3 resulted in reduced cell viability, which was rescued by PCTR1. Mechanistically, inhibition of the PCTR1 receptor lipoxin A4 (ALX), protein kinase A (PKA) and transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) partly decreased PCTR1 upregulated GPX4 expression and a CREB inhibitor blocked the effects ofPCTR1 on ferroptosis inhibition and lung protection. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PCTR1 suppresses LPS-induced ferroptosis via the ALX/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, which may offer promising therapeutic prospects in sepsis-related ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Lv
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deming Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Tian
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, No. 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Congcong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linan Du
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiacong Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhuang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqiang Gong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binyu Ying
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Gao-Smith
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Center, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
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Lee J, Roh JL. Targeting GPX4 in human cancer: Implications of ferroptosis induction for tackling cancer resilience. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216119. [PMID: 36893895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metabolic alterations have been emphasized to protect cancer cells from cell death. The metabolic reprogramming toward a mesenchymal state makes cancer cells resistant to therapy but vulnerable to ferroptosis induction. Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death based on the iron-dependent accumulation of excessive lipid peroxidation. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is the core regulator of ferroptosis by detoxifying cellular lipid peroxidation using glutathione as a cofactor. GPX4 synthesis requires selenium incorporation into the selenoprotein through isopentenylation and selenocysteine tRNA maturation. GPX4 synthesis and expression can be regulated by multiple levels of its transcription, translation, posttranslational modifications, and epigenetic modifications. Targeting GPX4 in cancer may be a promising strategy for effectively inducing ferroptosis and killing therapy-resistant cancer. Several pharmacological therapeutics targeting GPX4 have been developed constantly to activate ferroptosis induction in cancer. The potential therapeutic index of GPX4 inhibitors remains to be tested with thorough examinations of their safety and adverse effects in vivo and clinical trials. Many papers have been published continuously in recent years, requiring state-of-the-art updates in targeting GPX4 in cancer. Herein, we summarize targeting the GPX4 pathway in human cancer, which leads to implications of ferroptosis induction for tackling cancer resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewang Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Scheller AS, Philipp TM, Klotz LO, Steinbrenner H. Altered Capacity for H 2S Production during the Spontaneous Differentiation of Caco-2 Cells to Colonocytes Due to Reciprocal Regulation of CBS and SELENBP1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101957. [PMID: 36290680 PMCID: PMC9598602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been proposed to promote tumor growth. Elevated H2S levels have been detected in human colorectal cancer (CRC) biopsies, resulting from the selective upregulation of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). In contrast, the recently identified novel H2S-generating enzyme, selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1), is largely suppressed in tumors. Here, we provide the first comparative analysis of the four human H2S-producing enzymes and the key H2S-catabolizing enzyme, sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), in Caco-2 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The gene expression pattern of proliferating Caco-2 cells parallels that of CRC, while confluent cells undergo spontaneous differentiation to a colonocyte-like phenotype. SELENBP1 and SQOR were strongly upregulated during spontaneous differentiation, whereas CBS was downregulated. Cystathionine γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase remained unaffected. Terminally differentiated cells showed an enhanced capacity to produce H2S from methanethiol and homocysteine. Differentiation induced by exposure to butyrate also resulted in the upregulation of SELENBP1, accompanied by increased SELENBP1 promoter activity. In contrast to spontaneous differentiation, however, butyrate did not cause downregulation of CBS. In summary, SELENBP1 and CBS are reciprocally regulated during the spontaneous differentiation of Caco-2 cells, thus paralleling their opposing regulation in CRC. Butyrate exposure, while imitating some aspects of spontaneous differentiation, does not elicit the same expression patterns of genes encoding H2S-modulating enzymes.
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9
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Yuan C, Chen X, Shen C, Chen L, Zhao Y, Wang X, Cao M, Zhao Z, Chen T, Zhang B, Iqbal T, Li C, Zhou X. Follicular fluid exosomes regulate oxidative stress resistance, proliferation, and steroid synthesis in porcine theca cells. Theriogenology 2022; 194:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Ursini F, Bosello Travain V, Cozza G, Miotto G, Roveri A, Toppo S, Maiorino M. A white paper on Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx4) forty years later. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:117-133. [PMID: 35718302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purification of a protein inhibiting lipid peroxidation led to the discovery of the selenoperoxidase GPx4 forty years ago. Thus, the evidence of the enzymatic activity was reached after identifying the biological effect and unambiguously defined the relationship between the biological function and the enzymatic activity. In the syllogism where GPx4 inhibits lipid peroxidation and its inhibition is lethal, cell death is operated by lipid peroxidation. Based on this rationale, this form of cell death emerged as regulated iron-enforced oxygen toxicity and was named ferroptosis in 2012. In the last decades, we learned that reduction of lipid hydroperoxides is indispensable and, in cooperation with prooxidant systems, controls the critical steady state of lipid peroxidation. This concept defined the GPx4 reaction as both the target for possible anti-cancer therapy and if insufficient, as cause of degenerative diseases. We know the reaction mechanism, but the details of the interaction at the membrane cytosol interface are still poorly defined. We know the gene structure, but the knowledge about expression control is still limited. The same holds true for post-transcriptional modifications. Reverse genetics indicate that GPx4 has a role in inflammation, immunity, and differentiation, but the observations emerging from these studies need a more specifically addressed biochemical evidence. Finally, the role of GPx4 in spermatogenesis disclosed an area unconnected to lipid peroxidation. In its mitochondrial and nuclear form, the peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of protein thiols in two specific aspects of sperm maturation: stabilization of the mid-piece and chromatin compaction. Thus, although available evidence converges to the notion that GPx4 activity is vital due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, it is reasonable to foresee other unknown aspects of the GPx4 reaction to be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
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11
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Liu S, Yu H, Li P, Wang C, Liu G, Zhang X, Zhang C, Qi M, Ji H. Dietary nano-selenium alleviated intestinal damage of juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) induced by high-fat diet: Insight from intestinal morphology, tight junction, inflammation, anti-oxidization and intestinal microbiota. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:235-248. [PMID: 34988305 PMCID: PMC8688880 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, high-fat diet (HFD) has been widely applied in aquaculture, which reduces the intestinal health of cultured fish. The current study evaluated the protective effects of nano-selenium (nano-Se) on intestinal health of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed with HFD. A total of 135 experimental fish were fed with a regular diet (Con), a HFD (HFD) and a HFD containing nano-Se at 0.6 mg/kg (HSe) for 10 weeks. The results showed that dietary nano-Se significantly improved the survival rate and feed efficiency which were reduced by HFD in juvenile grass carp (P < 0.05). Also, nano-Se (0.6 mg/kg) supplement alleviated intestinal damage caused by the HFD, thus maintaining the integrity of the intestine. Moreover, it significantly up-regulated the expression of genes related to tight junction (ZO-1, c laudin-3 and o ccludin), anti-oxidization (GPx4a andGPx4b), and the protein of ZO-1 in the intestine of juvenile grass carp, which were depressed by the HFD (P < 0.05). Furthermore, nano-Se supplementation significantly suppressed the expressions of genes related to the inflammation, including inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6), signaling molecules (TLR4, p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65), and protein expression of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in the intestine of juvenile grass carp which were induced by the HFD (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary nano-Se normalized the intestinal microbiota imbalance of juvenile grass carp caused by the HFD through increasing the abundance of the beneficial bacteria, e.g., Fusobacteria. Finally, dietary nano-Se increased the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the intestine, especially for butyric acid and caproic acid, which were negatively related to the increase of intestinal permeability and inflammation. In summary, supply of nano-Se (0.6 mg/kg) in HFD could effectively alleviate intestinal injury of juvenile grass carp by improving intestinal barrier function and reducing intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. These positive effects may be due to the regulation of nano-Se on intestinal microbiota and the subsequently increased beneficial SCFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Pengju Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guohao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Meng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankang, 725000, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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12
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Li Z, Dong Y, Chen S, Jia X, Jiang X, Che L, Lin Y, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Zhuo Y, Wang J, Xu H, Wu D, Xu S. Organic Selenium Increased Gilts Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, and Changed Intestinal Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723190. [PMID: 34484164 PMCID: PMC8415750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an indispensable essential micronutrient for humans and animals, and it can affect biological functions by combining into selenoproteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA) on the antioxidant performance, immune function, and intestinal microbiota composition of gilts. From weaning to the 19th day after the second estrus, 36 gilts (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned to three treatments: control group, sodium selenite group (0.3 mg Se/kg Na2SeO3), and HMSeBA group (0.3 mg Se/kg HMSeBA). Dietary supplementation with HMSeBA improved the gilts tissue selenium content (except in the thymus) and selenoprotein P (SelP1) concentration when compared to the Na2SeO3 or control group. Compared with the control group, the antioxidant enzyme activity in the tissues from gilts in the HMSeBA group was increased, and the concentration of malondialdehyde in the colon had a decreasing trend (p = 0.07). Gilts in the HMSeBA supplemented group had upregulated gene expression of GPX2, GPX4, and SelX in spleen tissue, TrxR1 in thymus; GPX1 and SelX in duodenum, GPX3 and SEPHS2 in jejunum, and GPX1 in the ileum tissues (p < 0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the liver, spleen, thymus, duodenum, ileum, and jejunum of gilts in the HMSeBA group were downregulated (p < 0.05), while the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the liver, thymus, jejunum, and ileum were upregulated (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group and the Na2SeO3 group, HMSeBA had increased concentration of serum cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and immunoglobulin G (IgG; p < 0.05), increased concentration of intestinal immunoglobulin A (sIgA; p < 0.05), and decreased concentration of serum IL-6 (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with HMSeBA also increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria (Ruminococcaceae and Phascolarctobacterium; p < 0.05) and selectively inhibited the abundance of some bacteria (Parabacteroides and Prevotellaceae; p < 0.05). In short, HMSeBA improves the antioxidant performance and immune function of gilts, and changed the structure of the intestinal microflora. And this study provided data support for the application of HMSeBA in gilt and even pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanpeng Dong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirun Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinlin Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Animal Husbandry Development Center of Changyi City, Shandong, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Li P, Jiang M, Li K, Li H, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Xu Y, Krishfield S, Lipsky PE, Tsokos GC, Zhang X. Glutathione peroxidase 4-regulated neutrophil ferroptosis induces systemic autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1107-1117. [PMID: 34385713 PMCID: PMC8609402 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The linkage between neutrophil death and the development of autoimmunity has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we show that neutrophils from either lupus-prone mice or patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) undergo ferroptosis. Mechanistically, autoantibodies and interferon-α present in the serum induce neutrophil ferroptosis through enhanced binding of the transcriptional repressor CREMα to the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4, the key ferroptosis regulator) promoter, which leads to suppressed expression of Gpx4 and subsequent elevation of lipid-reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the findings that mice with neutrophil-specific Gpx4 haploinsufficiency recapitulate key clinical features of human SLE, including autoantibodies, neutropenia, skin lesions and proteinuria, and that the treatment with a specific ferroptosis inhibitor significantly ameliorates disease severity in lupus-prone mice reveal the role of neutrophil ferroptosis in lupus pathogenesis. Together, our data demonstrate that neutrophil ferroptosis is an important driver of neutropenia in SLE and heavily contributes to disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730,Clinical Immunology Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Mengdi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730,Clinical Immunology Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Ketian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730,Clinical Immunology Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yangzhong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Xinyue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Yue Xu
- Clinical Immunology Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Suzanne Krishfield
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- RILITE Research Institute and AMPEL BioSolutions, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Correspondence to: Xuan Zhang, , George C Tsokos, , Peter E Lipsky,
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Correspondence to: Xuan Zhang, , George C Tsokos, , Peter E Lipsky,
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730,Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1th Dongdan Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, China.,Correspondence to: Xuan Zhang, , George C Tsokos, , Peter E Lipsky,
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14
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Kämpfer AAM, Busch M, Büttner V, Bredeck G, Stahlmecke B, Hellack B, Masson I, Sofranko A, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Model Complexity as Determining Factor for In Vitro Nanosafety Studies: Effects of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials in Intestinal Models. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004223. [PMID: 33458953 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rising interest in the effects of orally ingested engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), much effort is undertaken to develop and advance intestinal in vitro models. The cytotoxic, proinflammatory, and DNA damaging properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver (Ag-PVP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2 , P25) ENM in four in vitro models of increasing complexity-from proliferating Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 monocultures to long-term transwell triple cultures including THP-1 macrophages to reproduce the human intestine in healthy versus inflamed-like state-are studied. Results are compared against in vivo effects of the same ENM through intestinal tissue analysis from 28-day oral exposure studies in mice. Adverse responses are only observed in monocultures and suggest toxic potential for both ENM, typically showing stronger effects for Ag-PVP than for TiO2 . By contrast, no adverse effects are observed in either the transwell cultures or the analyzed murine tissues. The data provide further support that monoculture models represent a cost and time efficient tool for early-phase hazard assessment. However, the observed similarities in morphology and ENM effects in murine intestinal tissue and the in vitro triple culture model suggest that advanced multifacetted research questions concerning oral ENM exposure are more adequately addressed by the more complex and time intensive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Mathias Busch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Veronika Büttner
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- IUTA - Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, Duisburg, 47229, Germany
| | - Bryan Hellack
- IUTA - Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, Duisburg, 47229, Germany
- UBA - German Environment Agency, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 29, Langen, 63225, Germany
| | - Isabelle Masson
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Adriana Sofranko
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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15
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Jiang X, Stockwell BR, Conrad M. Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:266-282. [PMID: 33495651 PMCID: PMC8142022 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2459] [Impact Index Per Article: 819.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research field of ferroptosis has seen exponential growth over the past few years, since the term was coined in 2012. This unique modality of cell death, driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including redox homeostasis, iron handling, mitochondrial activity and metabolism of amino acids, lipids and sugars, in addition to various signalling pathways relevant to disease. Numerous organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are driven by ferroptosis. Intriguingly, therapy-resistant cancer cells, particularly those in the mesenchymal state and prone to metastasis, are exquisitely vulnerable to ferroptosis. As such, pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis, via both its induction and its inhibition, holds great potential for the treatment of drug-resistant cancers, ischaemic organ injuries and other degenerative diseases linked to extensive lipid peroxidation. In this Review, we provide a critical analysis of the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis, the potential physiological functions of ferroptosis in tumour suppression and immune surveillance, and its pathological roles, together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. Importantly, as in all rapidly evolving research areas, challenges exist due to misconceptions and inappropriate experimental methods. This Review also aims to address these issues and to provide practical guidelines for enhancing reproducibility and reliability in studies of ferroptosis. Finally, we discuss important concepts and pressing questions that should be the focus of future ferroptosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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16
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Abstract
Significance: The selenium-containing Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs)1-4 protect against oxidative challenge, inhibit inflammation and oxidant-induced regulated cell death. Recent Advances: GPx1 and GPx4 dampen phosphorylation cascades predominantly via prevention of inactivation of phosphatases by H2O2 or lipid hydroperoxides. GPx2 regulates the balance between regeneration and apoptotic cell shedding in the intestine. It inhibits inflammation-induced carcinogenesis in the gut but promotes growth of established cancers. GPx3 deficiency facilitates platelet aggregation likely via disinhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis. It is also considered a tumor suppressor. GPx4 is expressed in three different forms. The cytosolic form proved to inhibit interleukin-1-driven nuclear factor κB activation and leukotriene biosynthesis. Moreover, it is a key regulator of ferroptosis, because it reduces hydroperoxy groups of complex lipids and silences lipoxygenases. By alternate substrate use, the nuclear form contributes to chromatin compaction. Mitochondrial GPx4 forms the mitochondrial sheath of spermatozoa and, thus, guarantees male fertility. Out of the less characterized GPxs, the cysteine-containing GPx7 and GPx8 are unique in contributing to oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum by reacting with protein isomerase as an alternate substrate. A yeast 2-Cysteine glutathione peroxidase equipped with CP and CR was reported to sense H2O2 for inducing an adaptive response. Critical Issues: Most of the findings compiled are derived from tissue culture and/or animal studies only. Their impact on human physiology is sometimes questionable. Future Directions: The expression of individual GPxs and GPx-dependent regulatory phenomena are to be further investigated, in particular in respect to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Department of Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition-Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Depatamento de Biochímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Dipartimento di Medicina Moleculare, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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17
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Ursini F, Maiorino M. Lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis: The role of GSH and GPx4. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:175-185. [PMID: 32165281 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 764] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis (FPT) is a form of cell death due to missed control of membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO). According to the axiomatic definition of non-accidental cell death, LPO takes place in a scenario of altered homeostasis. FPT, differently from apoptosis, occurs in the absence of any known specific genetically encoded death pathway or specific agonist, and thus must be rated as a regulated, although not "programmed", death pathway. It follows that LPO is under a homeostatic metabolic control and is only permitted when indispensable constraints are satisfied and the antiperoxidant machinery collapses. The activity of the selenoperoxidase Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is the cornerstone of the antiperoxidant defence. Converging evidence on both mechanism of LPO and GPx4 enzymology indicates that LPO is initiated by alkoxyl radicals produced by ferrous iron from the hydroperoxide derivatives of lipids (LOOH), traces of which are the unavoidable drawback of aerobic metabolism. FPT takes place when a threshold has been exceeded. This occurs when the major conditions are satisfied: i) oxygen metabolism leading to the continuous formation of traces of LOOH from phospholipid-containing polyunsaturated fatty acids; ii) missed enzymatic reduction of LOOH; iii) availability of ferrous iron from the labile iron pool. Although the effectors impacting on homeostasis and leading to FPT in physiological conditions are not known, from the available knowledge on LPO and GPx4 enzymology we propose that it is aerobic life itself that, while supporting bioenergetics, is also a critical requisite of FPT. Yet, when the homeostatic control of the steady state between LOOH formation and reduction is lost, LPO is activated and FPT is executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
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18
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Alhasan R, Kharma A, Leroy P, Jacob C, Gaucher C. Selenium Donors at the Junction of Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1707-1716. [PMID: 31267853 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701153903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential non-metal trace element, and the imbalance in the bioavailability of selenium is associated with many diseases ranking from acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction and renal failure (Se overloading) to diseases associated with chronic inflammation like inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis (Se unload). The only source of selenium is the diet (animal and cereal sources) and its intestinal absorption is limiting for selenocysteine and selenomethionine synthesis and incorporation in selenoproteins. In this review, after establishing the link between selenium and inflammatory diseases, we envisaged the potential of selenium nanoparticles and organic selenocompounds to compensate the deficit of selenium intake from the diet. With high selenium loading, nanoparticles offer a low dosage to restore selenium bioavailability whereas organic selenocompounds can play a role in the modulation of their antioxidant or antiinflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Alhasan
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Ammar Kharma
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Pierre Leroy
- Universite de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
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19
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Lee GH, Lee WJ, Hur J, Kim E, Lee HG, Seo HG. Ginsenoside Re Mitigates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Oxidative Stress through Upregulation of GPX4. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010188. [PMID: 31906464 PMCID: PMC6983050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are active components found abundantly in ginseng which has been used as a medicinal herb to modify disease status for thousands of years. However, the pharmacological activity of ginsenoside Re in the neuronal system remains to be elucidated. Neuroprotective activity of ginsenoside Re was investigated in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to induce cellular injury. Ginsenoside Re significantly inhibited 6-OHDA-triggered cellular damage as judged by analysis of tetrazolium dye reduction and lactose dehydrogenase release. In addition, ginsenoside Re induced the expression of the antioxidant protein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) but not catalase, glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione reductase, or superoxide dismutase-1. Furthermore, upregulation of GPX4 by ginsenoside Re was mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase but not by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Ginsenoside Re also suppressed 6-OHDA-triggered cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of membrane lipids. The GPX4 inhibitor (1S,3R)-RSL3 reversed ginsenoside Re-mediated inhibition of cellular damage in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 6-OHDA, indicating that the neuronal activity of ginsenoside Re is due to upregulation of GPX4. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Re-dependent upregulation of GPX4 reduces oxidative stress and thereby alleviates 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hur
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyuk Gyoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Campo-Sabariz J, Moral-Anter D, Brufau MT, Briens M, Pinloche E, Ferrer R, Martín-Venegas R. 2-Hydroxy-(4-methylseleno)butanoic Acid Is Used by Intestinal Caco-2 Cells as a Source of Selenium and Protects against Oxidative Stress. J Nutr 2019; 149:2191-2198. [PMID: 31504719 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) participates in different functions in humans and other animals through its incorporation into selenoproteins as selenocysteine. Inadequate dietary Se is considered a risk factor for several chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE The role of 2-hydroxy-(4-methylseleno)butanoic acid (HMSeBA), an organic form of Se used in animal nutrition, in supporting selenoprotein synthesis and protecting against oxidative stress was investigated in an in vitro model of intestinal Caco-2 cells. METHODS Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) activities, selenoprotein P1 protein (SELENOP) and gene (SELENOP) expression, and GPX1 and GPX2 gene expression were studied in Se-deprived (FBS removal) and further HMSeBA-supplemented (0.1-625 μM, 72 h) cultures. The effect of HMSeBA supplementation (12.5 and 625 μM, 24 h) on oxidative stress induced by H2O2 (1 mM) was evaluated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) adducts, and protein carbonyl residues compared with a sodium selenite control (SS, 5 μM). RESULTS Se deprivation induced a reduction (P < 0.05) in GPX activity (62%), GPX1 expression, and both SELENOP (33%) and SELENOP expression. In contrast, an increase (P < 0.05) in GPX2 expression and no effect in TXNRD activity (P = 0.09) were observed. HMSeBA supplementation increased (P < 0.05) GPX activity (12.5-625 μM, 1.68-1.82-fold) and SELENOP protein expression (250 and 625 μM, 1.87- and 2.04-fold). Moreover, HMSeBA supplementation increased (P < 0.05) GPX1 (12.5 and 625 μM), GPX2 (625 μM), and SELENOP (12.5 and 625 μM) expression. HMSeBA (625 μM) was capable of decreasing (P < 0.05) ROS (32%), 4-HNE adduct (49%), and protein carbonyl residue (75%) production after H2O2 treatment. CONCLUSION Caco-2 cells can use HMSeBA as an Se source for selenoprotein synthesis, resulting in protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Campo-Sabariz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Moral-Anter
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Brufau
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ruth Ferrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Venegas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Distinct and overlapping functions of glutathione peroxidases 1 and 2 in limiting NF-κB-driven inflammation through redox-active mechanisms. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101388. [PMID: 31765890 PMCID: PMC6883322 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2) is one of the five selenoprotein GPxs having a selenocysteine in the active center. GPx2 is strongly expressed in the gastrointestinal epithelium, as is another isoform, GPx1, though with a different localization pattern. Both GPxs are redox-active enzymes that are important for the reduction of hydroperoxides. Studies on GPx2-deficient mice and human HT-29 cells with a stable knockdown (kd) of GPx2 revealed higher basal and IL-1β-induced expression of NF-κB target genes in vivo and in vitro. The activation of the IKK–IκBα–NF-κB pathway was increased in cultured GPx2 kd cells. Basal signaling was only restored by re-expressing active GPx2 in GPx2 kd cells but not by redox-inactive GPx2. As it is still not clear if the two isoforms GPx1 and GPx2 have different functions, kd cell lines for either GPx1 or GPx2 were studied in parallel. The inhibitory effect of GPx2 on NF-κB signaling and its target gene expression was stronger than that of GPx1, whereas cyclooxygenase (COX)- and lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived lipid mediator levels increased more strongly in GPx1 kd than in GPx2 kd cells. Under unstimulated conditions, the levels of the COX-derived prostaglandins PGE2 and PGD2 were enhanced in GPx2 as well as in GPx1 kd compared to control cells. Specifically, in GPx1 kd cells IL-1β stimulation led to a dramatic shift of the PGE2/PGD2 ratio towards pro-inflammatory PGE2. Taken together, GPx2 and GPx1 have overlapping functions in controlling inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis and, most probably, exert their anti-inflammatory effects by preventing excessive PGE2 production. In view of the high activity of COX and LOX pathways during inflammatory bowel disease our data therefore provide new insights into the mechanisms of the protective function of GPx1 and GPx2 during colitis as well as inflammation-driven carcinogenesis. Loss of GPx2 results in higher basal and IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation. Suppressive effects of GPx2 on NF-κB are mediated in a redox-dependent manner. Both GPx isoforms modulate the lipid mediator profile in response to IL-1β. COX-derived prostaglandins increase more strongly in GPx1 than in GPx2 kd cells.
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Aktar K, Kafi A, Dahiya R. Association of Gpx1 fluctuation in cell cycle progression. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:94-103. [PMID: 30632027 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-00314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This research demonstrates fluctuation of glutathione peroxidase1 (Gpx1) throughout cell cycle progression with significant decreased expression at mitosis of HeLa cell. This was achieved with western blot (WB) analysis of target proteins from each phase of synchronized cells. The synchronizations were performed with double thymidine (T/T) for G1/S arrest and thymidine followed by nocodazole (T/N) for G2/M arrest. The G1/S arrested cells were released in fresh medium for 3, 6, 9, 10, and 15h to obtain cell at each phase such as gap1 (G1), synthesis (S), gap2 (G2), mitosis (M), and gap1 (G1) phase, respectively, for investigating Gpx1 expression throughout a complete cycle. The synchronizations were confirmed using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and WB analysis of phase-specific markers. The fluctuations of Gpx1 expression were verified with universal protein actin and peroxiredoxin1 (Prx1) which are stable throughout the cell cycle. Intriguingly, immunoblots showed the level of Gpx1 decreases at mitosis phase and increased during mitotic exit to G1 phase in HeLa cells, while Prx1 protein level remained constant. The fractionation experiments reveal that only the cytosolic Gpx1 was decreased while their levels at mitochondria remain constant. The highest levels of mitochondrial ROS were measured in mitosis phase with FACS analysis using Mito sox indicating that antioxidant activity of Gpx1 for detoxifying excessive induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitosis phase could be the reason for such decreasing level. For unfolding the molecular mechanism of such decreased expression, the Gpx1 was investigated at transcriptional, translational, and proteosomal level. The results revealed that translational mechanism is involve in the decreased expression rather than transcriptional or proteosomal degradation at mitosis phase. This finding supports that Gpx1 is involved in the cell cycle progression through regulation of endogenous ROS. Based on this observation, further research could uncover their possible association with the infinitive division of a cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khudishta Aktar
- BEST group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abdul Kafi
- BEST group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- BEST group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Rharass T, Lucas S. High Glucose Level Impairs Human Mature Bone Marrow Adipocyte Function Through Increased ROS Production. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:607. [PMID: 31551934 PMCID: PMC6746912 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate in aging, menopause, and metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. These osteoporotic conditions are associated with oxidative stress and hyperglycemia which are both considered as critical factors underlying bone fragility. Glucose excess and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to favor adipogenesis over osteoblastogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether high glucose exposure could determine dysfunction of mature BMAds, specifically through ROS production. The effects of low (LG, 5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) concentrations were examined using human bone mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) in the time course of differentiation, and, up to 21 days once adipocytes were mature. HG did not alter the adipocyte differentiation process of hBMSCs. Yet, after 21 days under HG exposure, PPARG, CEBPA, and adiponectin mRNA expressions were decreased. These alterations were also observed following adipogenic inducer withdrawal as well as in adipocytes fully differentiated in LG then cultured in HG for the last 11 days. Without inducers, HG condition also led to decreased leptin mRNA level. Importantly, intracellular and extracellular ROS concentrations measured using Amplex Red were significantly raised by 50% under HG exposure. This rise was observed once adipocytes ended differentiation and was reproduced within the different cell culture settings without any cytotoxicity. Among genes involved in ROS metabolism, the mRNA level of the H2O2 generating enzyme NOX4 was found upregulated in the presence of HG. Following cell separation, mature BMAds were shown to overproduce ROS and to display the gene alterations in contrast to non-lipid-laden cells. Finally, a non-lethal treatment with a pro-oxidant agent under LG condition reduces the mRNA levels of PPARG, adiponectin, and leptin as the HG condition does in the absence of inducers, and amplifies the effect of glucose excess on gene expression. HG concentration drives mature BMAds toward altered expression of the main adipokines and transcriptional factors. These perturbations are associated with a rise in ROS generation likely mediated through enhanced expression of NOX4. Mature BMAds are thus responsive to changes in glucose and ROS concentrations, which is relevant regarding with their phenotype and function in age- or metabolic disease-related osteoporosis.
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Gîlcă-Blanariu GE, Diaconescu S, Ciocoiu M, Ștefănescu G. New Insights into the Role of Trace Elements in IBD. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1813047. [PMID: 30258848 PMCID: PMC6146599 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1813047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are common in inflammatory bowel disease and have clinical impact, being both a sign of complicated disease and a cause of morbidity. The involved systemic inflammatory response is responsible for altering the concentration of a wide range of trace elements in the serum, including zinc and selenium. This review summarizes recent advances and evidence-based knowledge regarding the impact of selenium and zinc on oxidative stress and microbiota changes in IBD patients. Getting new insight into the impact of malnutrition, particularly on the micronutrients' impact on the development, composition, and metabolism of microbiota, as well as the influence of oxidative stress and the mucosal immune response, could help in implementing new management strategies for IBD patients, with focus on a more integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Smaranda Diaconescu
- Department of Pediatrics, Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
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la Peña Sol D, Isela SR, Zendy OV, Mónica NM, Irene XR, Omar AH. Changes in trophoblasts gene expression in response to perchlorate exposition. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:328-335. [PMID: 29673971 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Contaminated water with chlorates is a public health problem associated with iodine deficiency. Epidemiological evidence shows that iodine deficiency is a risk factor for preeclampsia (PE). In this study we use human BeWo trophoblast cells exposed to perchlorate (KClO4) and changes in gene expression were analyzed by microarrays, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunoblot. The microarray analysis identified 48 transcripts up-regulated and 112 down-regulated in comparison with non-exposed trophoblast. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed changes in GAS7, PKP2, Emilin, Dynatic 3, protocadherins 11, 15, gamma A12, EGFR, SAFB1, ACE2, ANXA2, Apoliprotein E, SREBF1, and C/EBP-β. KClO4 exposition decreased the mRNA and protein of C/EBP-β and GPX4. Also, we observed a nuclear translocation of HIF1α protein, and increase in both Snail and ACE2 protein by immunoblot. These effects were accompanied by an increases in ROS and nitric oxide. In conclusion, our results show that exposure to KClO4 alters genes involved in migration, adhesion, differentiation, and correlate with the increase of oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in trophoblast cells. It is possible that iodine deficiency is associated with these processes. However, further studies are required to corroborate the role of iodine in trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- De la Peña Sol
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria Sur, col. La Haciendita, Chilpancingo, Guerrero ZC 39087, Mexico
| | - Santiago-Roque Isela
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana. Odontólogos W/N, U.H. del Bosque, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Olivo-Vidal Zendy
- Ecology and Health Laboratory, Public Health Institute, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luís Castelazo Ayala W/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa, Veracruz ZC 41190, Mexico
| | - Navarro-Meza Mónica
- Centro Universitario del Sur., Av. Enrique Arreola Silva no. 883, Col. Centro, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco ZC 49000, Mexico
| | - Xochihua-Rosas Irene
- Facultad de Idiomas, Universidad Veracruzana, Francisco Moreno esq. E. Alatriste S/N, col. Ferrer Guardia, Xalapa, Veracruz ZC91020, Mexico
| | - Arroyo-Helguera Omar
- Ecology and Health Laboratory, Public Health Institute, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luís Castelazo Ayala W/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa, Veracruz ZC 41190, Mexico.
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Murdolo G, Bartolini D, Tortoioli C, Piroddi M, Torquato P, Galli F. Selenium and Cancer Stem Cells. Adv Cancer Res 2017; 136:235-257. [PMID: 29054420 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that functions as "redox gatekeeper" and homeostasis factor of normal and cancer cells. Epidemiology and experimental studies, in the last years suggested that both inorganic and organic forms of Se may have favorable health effects. In this regard, a protective action of Se on cellular systems that may help preventing cancer cell differentiation has been demonstrated, while the hypothesis that Se compounds may cure cancer and its metastatic diffusion appears speculative and is still a matter of investigation. Indeed, the overall actions of Se compounds in carcinogenesis are controversial. The recognition that cancer is a stem cell disease instigated major paradigm shifts in our basic understanding of cancer and attracted a great deal of interest. Although current treatment approaches in cancer are grounded in the need to kill the majority of cancer cells, targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) may hold great potential in improving cancer treatment. In this respect, Se compounds have been demonstrated modulating numerous signaling pathways involved in CSC biology and these findings are now stimulating further research on optimal Se concentrations, most effective and cancer-specific Se compounds, and inherent pathways involved in redox and metabolic regulation of CSCs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the effects of Se compounds on CSCs, by focusing on redox-dependent pathways and main gene regulation checkpoints that affect self-renewal, differentiation, and migration responses in this subpopulation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdolo
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Cristina Tortoioli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
Five out of eight human glutathione peroxidases (GPxes) are selenoproteins and thus their expression depends on the selenium (Se) supply. Most Se-dependent GPxes are downregulated in tumor cells, while only GPx2 is considerably upregulated. Whether expression profiles of GPxes predict tumor development and patient survival is controversially discussed. Also, results from in vitro and in vivo studies modulating the expression of GPx isoforms provide evidence for both anti- and procarcinogenic mechanisms. GPxes are able to reduce hydroperoxides, which otherwise would damage DNA, possibly resulting in DNA mutations, modulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways affecting proliferation, differentiation, and cellular metabolism or initiate cell death. Considering these different processes, the role and functions of individual Se-dependent GPx isoforms will be discussed herein in the context of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Kipp
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Xu J, Wang L, Tang J, Jia G, Liu G, Chen X, Cai J, Shang H, Zhao H. Pancreatic atrophy caused by dietary selenium deficiency induces hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia via global down-regulation of selenoprotein encoding genes in broilers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182079. [PMID: 28763492 PMCID: PMC5538751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was envisaged to comprehensively profile genes in selected tissues along with a few biochemical indicators and integrate resulting information with dietary selenium (Se) deficiency symptoms in broilers. A total of 120 one-day-old Cobb male broilers were equally divided into two groups and fed a Se deficient corn-soybean-based basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite (Control, Se adequate) or without selenite (Se deficiency) for five weeks. Effects of Se deficiency on mRNA abundance of twenty-three selenoprotein encoding genes and seventeen insulin signaling related genes were studied at day 35 in pancreas, liver and muscle along with plasma biochemical constituents and enzyme activities. Compared to healthy birds in control diet, Se deficient diet induced deficiency symptoms in 90% birds and classic nutritional pancreatic atrophy, depressed growth performance of broilers, and decreased (P < 0.01 to P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in plasma and three other tissues. Se deficiency resulted in 58% higher mortality than control birds. Dietary Se deficiency down-regulated (P < 0.01-0.05) eighteen selenoprotein encoding genes in pancreas, fourteen genes in muscle and nine genes in liver, and up-regulated (P < 0.05) Txnrd1 and Selx in liver. Meanwhile, six, thirteen and five insulin signaling related genes were down-regulated (P < 0.01-0.05) in pancreas, muscle and liver, respectively, and three genes were up-regulated (P < 0.01) in liver. The decrease (P < 0.05) in levels of plasma insulin, total triglyceride and total cholesterol, and concurrent elevated (P < 0.05) levels of plasma glucose and inflammatory cytokines accompanied the global down-regulation of selenoprotein encoding- and insulin signaling related- genes in Se deficient birds. It was concluded that dietary Se deficiency induces nutritional pancreatic atrophy and metabolic disorder of glucose and lipid in broilers via down-regulation of selenoprotein encoding- and insulin signaling related- genes, indicating potential roles of these genes in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longqiong Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Shang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Selenoproteins: Antioxidant selenoenzymes and beyond. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:113-9. [PMID: 27095226 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adequate intake of the essential trace element and micronutrient selenium is thought to be beneficial for maintaining human health. Selenium may modulate a broad spectrum of key biological processes, including the cellular response to oxidative stress, redox signalling, cellular differentiation, the immune response, and protein folding. Biochemical and cellular effects of selenium are achieved through activities of selenocysteine-containing selenoproteins. This small yet essential group comprises proteins encoded by 25 genes in humans, e.g. oxidoreductases such as glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and thioredoxin reductases (TrxR), as well as the iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO) and the plasma selenium transport protein, selenoprotein P (SePP1). Synthetic selenoorganic compounds, including the GPx mimetic ebselen, have also been applied in biological systems in vitro and in vivo; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of ebselen and its history as a drug candidate are summarised here. Furthermore, we discuss several aspects of selenoprotein biochemistry, ranging from their well-known importance for cellular protection against oxidative damage to more recent data that link selenoprotein expression/activity to enterocyte and adipocyte differentiation and function and to (dys)regulation of insulin action and secretion.
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30
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Advances of Intracranial Electroencephalography in Localizing the Epileptogenic Zone. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:493-500. [PMID: 27197648 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) provides the best precision in estimating the location and boundary of an epileptogenic zone. Analysis of iEEG in the routine EEG frequency range (0.5-70 Hz) remains the basis in clinical practice. Low-voltage fast activity is the most commonly reported ictal onset pattern in neocortical epilepsy, and low-frequency high-amplitude repetitive spiking is the most commonly reported ictal onset pattern in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Recent studies using wideband EEG recording have demonstrated that examining higher (80-1000 Hz) and lower (0.016-0.5 Hz) EEG frequencies can provide additional diagnostic information and help to improve the surgical outcome. In addition, novel computational techniques of iEEG signal analysis have provided new insights into the epileptic network. Here, we review some of these recent advances. Although these sophisticated and advanced techniques of iEEG analysis show promise in localizing the epileptogenic zone, their utility needs to be further validated in larger studies.
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De Spirt S, Eckers A, Wehrend C, Micoogullari M, Sies H, Stahl W, Steinbrenner H. Interplay between the chalcone cardamonin and selenium in the biosynthesis of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:164-71. [PMID: 26698667 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenoenzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated phase II enzymes comprise key components of the cellular redox and antioxidant systems, which show multiple interrelations. Deficiency of the micronutrient selenium (Se) and impaired biosynthesis of selenoproteins have been reported to result in induction of Nrf2 target genes. Conversely, transcription of the selenoenzymes glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is up-regulated upon Nrf2 activation. Here, we have studied the interplay between Se and the secondary plant metabolite cardamonin, an Nrf2-activating chalcone, in the regulation of Nrf2-controlled antioxidant enzymes. Se-deficient and Se-repleted (sodium selenite-supplemented) human intestinal Caco-2 cells were exposed to cardamonin. Uptake of cardamonin by the Caco-2 cells was independent of their Se status. Cardamonin strongly induced gene expression of GPx2 and TrxR1. However, cardamonin treatment did not result in elevated GPx or TrxR activity and protein levels, possibly relating to a concomitant down-regulation of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) kinase (PSTK), an enzyme involved in translation of selenoprotein mRNAs. On the other hand, induction of the Nrf2-regulated enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) by cardamonin was diminished in Se-replete compared to Se-deficient cells. Our findings suggest that cardamonin interferes with the biosynthesis of Nrf2-regulated selenoenzymes, in contrast to the Nrf2-activating isothiocyanate compound sulforaphane, which has been shown earlier to synergize with Se-mediated cytoprotection. Conversely, the cellular Se status apparently affects the cardamonin-mediated induction of non-selenoprotein antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke De Spirt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Eckers
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carina Wehrend
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mustafa Micoogullari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
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Huang X, Tang J, Xu J, Jia G, Liu G, Chen X, Cai J, Shang H, Zhao H. Supranutritional dietary selenium induced hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia via affected expression of selenoprotein genes and insulin signal-related genes in broiler. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supranutritional selenium (Se) on the mRNA expression of selenoprotein genes and insulin signal-related genes in the liver, muscle and pancreas of the broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jingyang Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Haiying Shang
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
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Mendieta-Serrano MA, Schnabel D, Lomelí H, Salas-Vidal E. Spatial and temporal expression of zebrafish glutathione peroxidase 4 a and b genes during early embryo development. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 19:98-107. [PMID: 26315538 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant cellular mechanisms are essential for cell redox homeostasis during animal development and in adult life. Previous in situ hybridization analyses of antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish have indicated that they are ubiquitously expressed. However, spatial information about the protein distribution of these enzymes is not available. Zebrafish embryos are particularly suitable for this type of analysis due to their small size, transparency and fast development. The main objective of the present work was to analyze the spatial and temporal gene expression pattern of the two reported zebrafish glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) genes during the first day of zebrafish embryo development. We found that the gpx4b gene shows maternal and zygotic gene expression in the embryo proper compared to gpx4a that showed zygotic gene expression in the periderm covering the yolk cell only. Following, we performed a GPx4 protein immunolocalization analysis during the first 24-h of development. The detection of this protein suggests that the antibody recognizes GPx4b in the embryo proper during the first 24 h of development and GPx4a at the periderm covering the yolk cell after 14-somite stage. Throughout early cleavages, GPx4 was located in blastomeres and was less abundant at the cleavage furrow. Later, from the 128-cell to 512-cell stages, GPx4 remained in the cytoplasm but gradually increased in the nuclei, beginning in marginal blastomeres and extending the nuclear localization to all blastomeres. During epiboly progression, GPx4b was found in blastoderm cells and was excluded from the yolk cell. After 24 h of development, GPx4b was present in the myotomes particularly in the slow muscle fibers, and was excluded from the myosepta. These results highlight the dynamics of the GPx4 localization pattern and suggest its potential participation in fundamental developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Mendieta-Serrano
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Denhí Schnabel
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Hilda Lomelí
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Enrique Salas-Vidal
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico.
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Kudva AK, Shay AE, Prabhu KS. Selenium and inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G71-7. [PMID: 26045617 PMCID: PMC4504954 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00379.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of the micronutrient selenium is essential for normal immune functions. Selenium is cotranslationally incorporated as the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine, into selenoproteins that function to modulate pathways involved in inflammation. Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between selenium levels and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis that can potentially progress to colon cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we summarize the current literature on the pathophysiology of IBD, which is multifactorial in origin with unknown etiology. We have focused on a few selenoproteins that mediate gastrointestinal inflammation and activate the host immune response, wherein macrophages play a pivotal role. Changes in cellular oxidative state coupled with altered expression of selenoproteins in macrophages drive the switch from a proinflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory phenotype to efficiently resolve inflammation in the gut and restore epithelial barrier integrity. Such a phenotypic plasticity is accompanied by changes in cytokines, chemokines, and bioactive metabolites, including eicosanoids that not only mitigate inflammation but also partake in restoring gut homeostasis through diverse pathways involving differential regulation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. The role of the intestinal microbiome in modulating inflammation and aiding in selenium-dependent resolution of gut injury is highlighted to provide novel insights into the beneficial effects of selenium in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash K. Kudva
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashley E. Shay
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Inadequate dietary intake of the essential trace element selenium (Se) is thought to be a risk factor for several chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Biological actions of Se occur through low-molecular weight metabolites and through selenoproteins. Several key selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidases; selenoproteins M, P, and S; and selenium-binding protein 1 have been detected in the intestine. Interestingly, Se and antioxidant selenoproteins are known to modulate differentiation and function of immune cells and contribute to avoid excessive immune responses. This review discusses the role of Se and intestinal selenoproteins in inflammatory bowel diseases, based on data from human, animal, and in vitro studies. In humans, Se deficiency is commonly observed in patients with Crohn's disease. In animal models of experimental colitis, the Se status was negatively correlated with the severity of the disease. While the cause-effect relationship of these observations remains to be clarified, the beneficial outcome of dietary Se supplementation and an optimization of selenoprotein biosynthesis in murine inflammatory bowel disease models have led to investigations of targets and actions of Se in the gastrointestinal tract. The Se status affects gene expression, signaling pathways, and cellular functions in the small and large intestine as well as the gut microbiome composition. This data, particularly from animal experiments, hold promise that adequate dietary Se supply may counteract chronic intestinal inflammation in humans.
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Speckmann B, Gerloff K, Simms L, Oancea I, Shi W, McGuckin MA, Radford-Smith G, Khanna KK. Selenoprotein S is a marker but not a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:265-77. [PMID: 24275540 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Selenoproteins are candidate mediators of selenium-dependent protection against tumorigenesis and inflammation in the gut. Expression and roles of only a limited number of intestinal selenoproteins have been described so far. Selenoprotein S (SelS) has been linked to various inflammatory diseases and is suggested to be involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis regulation and antioxidative protection in a cell-type-dependent manner, but its protein expression, regulation, and function in the gut are not known. We here analyzed the expression and localization of SelS in the healthy and inflamed gut and studied its regulation and function in intestinal epithelial cell lines. SelS was expressed in the intestinal epithelium of the small and large intestine and colocalized with markers of Paneth cells and macrophages. It was upregulated in inflamed ileal tissue from Crohn's disease patients and in two models of experimental colitis in mice. We detected SelS in colorectal cell lines, where it colocalized with the ER marker calnexin. SelS protein expression was unaffected by enterocytic differentiation but increased in response to selenium supplementation and after treatment with the ER stress inducer tunicamycin. On the other hand, depletion of SelS in LS174T, HT29, and Caco-2 cells by RNA interference did not cause or modulate ER stress and had no effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. In summary, we introduce SelS as a novel marker of Paneth cells and intestinal ER stress. Although it is upregulated in Crohn's disease, its role in disease etiology remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Speckmann
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Kirsten Gerloff
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lisa Simms
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Iulia Oancea
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham Radford-Smith
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
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Tumor initiating cells and chemoresistance: which is the best strategy to target colon cancer stem cells? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:859871. [PMID: 24527460 PMCID: PMC3914574 DOI: 10.1155/2014/859871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an emerging body of evidence that chemoresistance and minimal residual disease result from selective resistance of a cell subpopulation from the original tumor that is molecularly and phenotypically distinct. These cells are called “cancer stem cells” (CSCs). In this review, we analyze the potential targeting strategies for eradicating CSCs specifically in order to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for metastatic colon cancer. These include induction of terminal epithelial differentiation of CSCs or targeting some genes expressed only in CSCs and involved in self-renewal and chemoresistance. Ideal targets could be cell regulators that simultaneously control the stemness and the resistance of CSCs. Another important aspect of cancer biology, which can also be harnessed to create novel broad-spectrum anticancer agents, is the Warburg effect, also known as aerobic glycolysis. Actually, little is yet known with regard to the metabolism of CSCs population, leaving an exciting unstudied avenue in the dawn of the emerging field of metabolomics.
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Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that is incorporated into selenoproteins. Although epidemiological studies suggest that low Se intake is associated with increased risk of various cancers, the results of supplementation trials have been confusing. These conflicting results may be due to different baseline Se status and/or genetic factors. In addition, mechanistic links between Se intake, selenoproteins and carcinogenesis are not clear. In this article, we discuss the functional significance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in selenoprotein genes and the evidence as to whether or not they influence risk of colorectal, prostate, lung or breast cancers. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that a small number of SNPs in genes encoding glutathione peroxidases 1 and 4, selenoprotein P, selenoprotein S and 15-kDa selenoprotein have functional consequences. Data from case-control studies suggest that a variant at codon 198 in glutathione peroxidase 1 influences the effect of Se status on prostate cancer and risk, and it has also been associated with breast cancer and lung cancer risk, whereas variants in glutathione peroxidase 4, selenoprotein P and selenoprotein S may influence the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, the results of gene microarray (transcriptomic) studies have identified novel selenoprotein biomarkers of Se status and novel downstream Se-targeted pathways. The work highlights the need to take baseline Se status and genetic factors into account in the design of future intervention trials.
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Speckmann B, Bidmon HJ, Borchardt A, Sies H, Steinbrenner H. Intestinal selenoprotein P in epithelial cells and in plasma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 541:30-6. [PMID: 24157689 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The micronutrient selenium and selenium-containing selenoproteins are involved in prevention of inflammation and carcinogenesis in the gut. Selenoprotein P (Sepp1), the plasma selenium transport protein, is secreted primarily from hepatocytes, but Sepp1 mRNA is also abundant in the intestine. By immunofluorescence analysis, we show that Sepp1 levels in epithelial cells of the rat jejunum increase along the crypt-to-villus axis. A different Sepp1 distribution pattern was observed in the rat colon, where the epithelial cells located at the base and at the top of the crypts were similarly positive for Sepp1. In addition, we found pronounced Sepp1 immunoreactivity in CD138-positive plasma cells scattered within the lamina propria of the colon. This hitherto unrecognized presence in terminally differentiated B-cells was corroborated by detection of Sepp1 in plasma cells residing in the rat spleen. Following supplementation with dietary selenium compounds, polarized intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells secreted Sepp1 into the culture medium across the basolateral membrane. Our data suggest that Sepp1 secreted from epithelial cells may support the intestinal immune system by providing immune cells (including plasma cells) with selenium for the biosynthesis of endogenous selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Speckmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Bidmon
- C & O Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Borchardt
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Steinbrenner H, Speckmann B, Sies H. Toward understanding success and failures in the use of selenium for cancer prevention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:181-91. [PMID: 23421468 PMCID: PMC3689159 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Adequate and supranutritional selenium (Se) intake, maintaining full expression of selenoproteins, has been assumed to be beneficial for human health with respect to prevention of cancer. Strikingly, the effectiveness of dietary Se supplementation depends on many factors: baseline Se status, age, gender, and genetic background of an individual; type of cancer; and time point of intervention in addition to metabolic conversion and dose of applied Se compounds. RECENT ADVANCES Se intake levels for optimization of plasma selenoproteins in humans have been delineated. Regulation, function, and genetic variants of several selenoproteins have been characterized in the intestine, where Se-mediated prevention of colorectal cancer appears to be particularly promising. CRITICAL ISSUES Numerous cell culture and animal studies indicate anticarcinogenic capacity of various Se compounds but, at present, the outcome of human studies is inconsistent and, in large part, disappointing. Moreover, supranutritional Se intake may even trigger adverse health effects, possibly increasing the risk for Type 2 diabetes in Se-replete populations. FUTURE DIRECTIONS To improve protocols for the use of Se in cancer prevention, knowledge on cellular and systemic actions of Se compounds needs to be broadened and linked to individual-related determinants such as the occurrence of variants in selenoprotein genes and the Se status. Based on better mechanistic insight, populations and individuals that may benefit most from dietary Se supplementation need to be defined and studied in suitably planned intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Gerloff K, Pereira DI, Faria N, Boots AW, Kolling J, Förster I, Albrecht C, Powell JJ, Schins RP. Influence of simulated gastrointestinal conditions on particle-induced cytotoxicity and interleukin-8 regulation in differentiated and undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. Nanotoxicology 2013; 7:353-66. [PMID: 22394261 PMCID: PMC3499597 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.662249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel aspects of engineered nanoparticles offer many advantages for optimising food products and packaging. However, their potential hazards in the gastrointestinal tract require further investigation. We evaluated the toxic and inflammatory potential of two types of particles that might become increasingly relevant to the food industry, namely SiO₂ and ZnO. The materials were characterised for their morphology, oxidant generation and hydrodynamic behaviour. Cytotoxicity and interleukin-8 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Particle pretreatment under simulated gastric and intestinal pH conditions resulted in reduced acellular ROS formation but did not influence cytotoxicity (WST-1 assay) or IL-8 expression. However, the differentiation status of the cells markedly determined the cytotoxic potency of the particles. Further research is needed to determine the in vivo relevance of our current observations regarding the role of particle aggregation and the stage of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation in determining the hazards of ingested particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Gerloff
- Particle Research, IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and the University of Queensland, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dora I.A. Pereira
- Biomineral Research Group, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuno Faria
- Biomineral Research Group, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agnes W. Boots
- Particle Research, IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Kolling
- Particle Research, IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Molecular Immunology, IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- Particle Research, IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonathan J. Powell
- Biomineral Research Group, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roel P.F. Schins
- Particle Research, IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Down-regulation of miR-21 Induces Differentiation of Chemoresistant Colon Cancer Cells and Enhances Susceptibility to Therapeutic Regimens. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:180-6. [PMID: 23544170 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous posttranscriptional modulators that negatively control the expression of their target genes and play an important role in the development and progression of many malignancies, including colorectal carcinoma. In particular, expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) is greatly increased in chemotherapy-resistant (CR) colon cancer cells that are enriched in undifferentiated cancer stem/stem-like cells (CSCs/CSLCs). We hypothesize that miR-21 plays a critical role in regulating differentiation of CR colon cancer cells. Indeed, we observed that downregulation of miR-21 in CR colon cancer cells (HCT-116 or HT-29) by antisense miR-21 induced differentiation, as evidenced by marked increases in cytokeratin-20 (CK-20) expression and alkaline phosphatase activity. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction in the expression of colon CSC/CSLC marker CD44, colonosphere formation, and T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) activity but increased the expression of proapoptotic programmed cell death 4 gene. Induction of differentiation greatly increased sensitivity of CR colon cancer cells to the growth inhibitory properties of all three regimens tested: 5-fluorouracil + oxaliplatin (FUOX), difluorinated curcumin (CDF), and the combination of CDF and FUOX. However, the magnitude of inhibition of growth by either CDF (75%) alone or CDF + FUOX (80%) was much higher than that observed with only FUOX (40%). Growth inhibition by CDF and CDF + FUOX in differentiating CR colon cancer cells was associated with a 98% to 99% reduction in the expression of CD44 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, down-regulation of CK-20 in CR colon cancer cells produced no significant change in cellular growth in the absence or presence of FUOX, when compared with the corresponding controls. The current observation suggests that CDF and CDF + FUOX are highly effective in inhibiting growth and reducing colon CSCs/CSLCs in anti-miR-21-induced differentiating CR colon cancer cells and supports our contention that differentiation enhances susceptibility of CR cancer cells to conventional and nonconventional therapeutic regimen.
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Cole-Ezea P, Swan D, Shanley D, Hesketh J. Glutathione peroxidase 4 has a major role in protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage and maintaining oxidative phosphorylation complexes in gut epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:488-97. [PMID: 22634395 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intake of the micronutrient selenium, which is incorporated into 25 selenoproteins in humans, has been implicated in affecting risk of colorectal cancer. A genetic variant in the gene encoding the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) has been reported to influence colorectal cancer risk. In this study GPX4 expression was knocked down by 60% using RNA silencing and the effects were investigated using an unbiased transcriptomic analysis. Microarray analysis of the total Caco-2 cell transcriptome was carried out using Illumina HumanHT-12v3 beadchips and the data were validated by real-time PCR. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that the major canonical pathways affected by GPX4 knockdown were oxidative phosphorylation, ubiquinone biosynthesis, and mitochondrial dysfunction and the top two toxicological lists were mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Western blotting and real-time PCR confirmed that knockdown affected target genes encoding components of respiratory complexes I, IV, and V as well as the protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). GPX4 knockdown increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and oxidized lipid and decreased mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. Time-course experiments showed that changes in AIF expression preceded those in the respiratory complexes. We conclude that in Caco-2 gut epithelial cells GPx4, through effects on AIF, plays a major role in maintaining the oxidative phosphorylation system and protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Cole-Ezea
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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44
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Kipp AP, Müller MF, Göken EM, Deubel S, Brigelius-Flohé R. The selenoproteins GPx2, TrxR2 and TrxR3 are regulated by Wnt signalling in the intestinal epithelium. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1588-96. [PMID: 22683372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2) is expressed at crypt bases of the intestinal epithelium and in tumour tissue. The GPx2 promoter is activated by the Wnt pathway, which might be the reason for the specific expression pattern of GPx2. Together with additional selenoproteins, thioredoxin reductases TrxR2 and TrxR3, which are putative Wnt targets based on microarray analysis, Wnt-dependent GPx2 expression was analysed. METHODS Two cell culture models for either an activated (3T3 cells with Wnt3a overexpression) or an inhibited Wnt pathway (HT-29 APC cells) were analysed. To provide physiological relevance, crypt base epithelial cells of the jejunum and colon of mice were compared to cells of the villus or crypt table, respectively. In addition, β-catenin was deleted in crypt base cells ex vivo. RESULTS In cancer cell lines, the endogenous expression of all three selenoproteins was consistently dependent on Wnt pathway activity. Expression was higher in the proliferative crypt compartment, where also the Wnt pathway is active. An inducible knockout of β-catenin in isolated colonic crypt base cells reduced basal GPx2 expression. We, thus, demonstrated the regulation of GPx2 expression by the Wnt pathway in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the selenoproteins TrxR2 and TrxR3 have been identified as novel Wnt targets. This may imply a role of GPx2, TrxR2 and TrxR3 in proliferation, apoptosis and, therefore, also during cancer development. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Selenium which is essential for the biosynthesis of Wnt-dependent selenoproteins might be important for the renewal of the intestinal epithelium and during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Kipp
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Zeng MS, Li X, Liu Y, Zhao H, Zhou JC, Li K, Huang JQ, Sun LH, Tang JY, Xia XJ, Wang KN, Lei XG. A high-selenium diet induces insulin resistance in gestating rats and their offspring. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1335-42. [PMID: 22342560 PMCID: PMC3505681 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although supranutrition of selenium (Se) is considered a promising anti-cancer strategy, recent human studies have shown an intriguing association between high body Se status and diabetic risk. This study was done to determine if a prolonged high intake of dietary Se actually induced gestational diabetes in rat dams and insulin resistance in their offspring. Forty-five 67-day-old female Wistar rats (n=15/diet) were fed a Se-deficient (0.01 mg/kg) corn-soy basal diet (BD) or BD+Se (as Se-yeast) at 0.3 or 3.0mg/kg from 5 weeks before breeding to day 14 postpartum. Offspring (n=8/diet) of the 0.3 and 3.0mg Se/kg dams were fed with the same respective diet until age 112 days. Compared with the 0.3mg Se/kg diet, the 3.0mg/kg diet induced hyperinsulinemia (P<0.01), insulin resistance (P<0.01), and glucose intolerance (P<0.01) in the dams at late gestation and/or day 14 postpartum and in the offspring at age 112 days. These impairments concurred with decreased (P<0.05) mRNA and/or protein levels of six insulin signal proteins in liver and muscle of dams and/or pups. Dietary Se produced dose-dependent increases in Gpx1 mRNA or GPX1 activity in pancreas, liver, and erythrocytes of dams. The 3.0mg Se/kg diet decreased Selh (P<0.01), Sepp1 (P=0.06), and Sepw1 (P<0.01), but increased Sels (P<0.05) mRNA levels in the liver of the offspring, compared with the 0.3mg Se/kg diet. In conclusion, supranutrition of Se as a Se-enriched yeast in rats induced gestational diabetes and insulin resistance. Expression of six selenoprotein genes, in particular Gpx1, was linked to this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shu Zeng
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Li
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Li
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Huang
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lv-Hui Sun
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Yong Tang
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Jie Xia
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Kang-Ning Wang
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Fax: +1 607 255 9829. (X.G. Lei)
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Circu ML, Aw TY. Intestinal redox biology and oxidative stress. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:729-37. [PMID: 22484611 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium sits at the interface between an organism and its luminal environment, and as such is prone to oxidative damage induced by luminal oxidants. Mucosal integrity is maintained by the luminal redox status of the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and cysteine/cystine (Cys/CySS) couples which also support luminal nutrient absorption, mucus fluidity, and a diverse microbiota. The epithelial layer is uniquely organized for rapid self-renewal that is achieved by the well-regulated processes of crypt stem cell proliferation and crypt-to-villus cell differentiation. The GSH/GSSG and Cys/CySS redox couples, known to modulate intestinal cell transition through proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis, could govern the regenerative potential of the mucosa. These two couples, together with that of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin disulfide (Trx/TrxSS) couple are the major intracellular redox systems, and it is proposed that they each function as distinctive redox control nodes or circuitry in the control of metabolic processes and networks of enzymatic reactions. Specificity of redox signaling is accomplished in part by subcellular compartmentation of the individual redox systems within the mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytosol wherein each defined redox environment is suited to the specific metabolic function within that compartment. Mucosal oxidative stress would result from the disruption of these unique redox control nodes, and the subsequent alteration in redox signaling can contribute to the development of degenerative pathologies of the intestine, such as inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L Circu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Abstract
The intestinal tract, known for its capability for self-renew, represents the first barrier of defence between the organism and its luminal environment. The thiol/disulfide redox systems comprising the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG), cysteine/cystine (Cys/CySS) and reduced and oxidized thioredoxin (Trx/TrxSS) redox couples play important roles in preserving tissue redox homeostasis, metabolic functions, and cellular integrity. Control of the thiol-disulfide status at the luminal surface is essential for maintaining mucus fluidity and absorption of nutrients, and protection against chemical-induced oxidant injury. Within intestinal cells, these redox couples preserve an environment that supports physiological processes and orchestrates networks of enzymatic reactions against oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on the intestinal redox and antioxidant systems, their subcellular compartmentation, redox signalling and epithelial turnover, and contribution of luminal microbiota, key aspects that are relevant to understanding redox-dependent processes in gut biology with implications for degenerative digestive disorders, such as inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L Circu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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