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Dey AD, Mannan A, Dhiman S, Singh TG. Unlocking new avenues for neuropsychiatric disease therapy: the emerging potential of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as promising therapeutic targets. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1491-1516. [PMID: 38801530 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that regulate various physiological processes such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that targeting PPARs could be beneficial in treating neuropsychiatric disorders by modulating neuronal function and signaling pathways in the brain. PPAR-α, PPAR-δ, and PPAR-γ have been found to play important roles in cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection. Dysregulation of PPARs has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. The limitations and side effects of current treatments have prompted research to target PPARs as a promising novel therapeutic strategy. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown the potential of PPAR agonists and antagonists to improve symptoms associated with these disorders. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of PPARs in neuropsychiatric disorders, their potential as therapeutic targets, and the challenges and future directions for developing PPAR-based therapies. METHODS An extensive literature review of various search engines like PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out with the keywords "PPAR, Neuropsychiatric disorders, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Major depression disorder, Autism spectrum disorder, molecular pathway". RESULT & CONCLUSION Although PPARs present a hopeful direction for innovative therapeutic approaches in neuropsychiatric conditions, additional research is required to address obstacles and convert this potential into clinically viable and individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Liu D, Zhan J, Wang S, Chen L, Zhu Q, Nie R, Zhou X, Zheng W, Luo X, Wang B, Nie J, Ye X. Chrysanthemum morifolium attenuates metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease via gut microbiota and PPARα/γ activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155774. [PMID: 38820659 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD) shows a high prevalence rate in liver patients, but there is currently no effective treatment for MetALD. As a typical edible traditional Chinese medicinal herb, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties of water extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (WECM) has been demonstrated. However, its therapeutic effect on MetALD and the associated mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the underlying mechanisms of WECM against MetALD. METHODS We constructed a MetALD rat model following a high-fat & high-sucrose plus alcohol diet (HFHSAD). MetALD rats were treated with WECM at 2.1, 4.2, and 8.4 g/kg/d for six weeks. Efficacy was determined, and pathways associated with WECM against MetALD were predicted through serum and hepatic biochemical marker measurement, histopathological section analysis, 16S rDNA sequencing of the gut microbiota and untargeted serum metabolomics analyses. Changes in genes and proteins in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathways were detected by RT‒PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS WECM treatment significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia and markers of liver injury in MetALD rats. Moreover, WECM improved vascular endothelial function, hypertension, and systematic oxidative stress. Mechanistically, WECM treatment altered the overall structure of the gut microbiota through maintaining Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and reducing harmful bacterial abundances such as Clostridium, Faecalibaculum, and Herminiimonas. Notably, WECM promoted 15-deoxy-△12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) release and further activated the PPARγ to reduce serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. Additionally, WECM upregulated PPARα and downregulated the levels of CD36 and FABP4 to improve lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the first evidence that WECM treatment significantly improved hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in MetALD rats by regulating the gut microbiota and activating the 15d-PGJ2/PPARγ and PPARα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Jianting Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Shiqin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lvyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ruili Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wuyinxiao Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Control of State Drug Administration, Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Hubei Center for ADR Monitoring, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Chan YT, Wu J, Lu Y, Li Q, Feng Z, Xu L, Yuan H, Xing T, Zhang C, Tan HY, Feng Y, Wang N. Loss of lncRNA LINC01056 leads to sorafenib resistance in HCC. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:74. [PMID: 38582885 PMCID: PMC10998324 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sorafenib is a major nonsurgical option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its clinical efficacy is largely undermined by the acquisition of resistance. The aim of this study was to identify the key lncRNA involved in the regulation of the sorafenib response in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) single-guide RNA (sgRNA) synergistic activation mediator (SAM)-pooled lncRNA library was applied to screen for the key lncRNA regulated by sorafenib treatment. The role of the identified lncRNA in mediating the sorafenib response in HCC was examined in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism was delineated by proteomic analysis. The clinical significance of the expression of the identified lncRNA was evaluated by multiplex immunostaining on a human HCC microtissue array. RESULTS CRISPR/Cas9 lncRNA library screening revealed that Linc01056 was among the most downregulated lncRNAs in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Knockdown of Linc01056 reduced the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib, suppressing apoptosis in vitro and promoting tumour growth in mice in vivo. Proteomic analysis revealed that Linc01056 knockdown in sorafenib-treated HCC cells induced genes related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) while repressing glycolysis-associated genes, leading to a metabolic switch favouring higher intracellular energy production. FAO inhibition in HCC cells with Linc01056 knockdown significantly restored sensitivity to sorafenib. Mechanistically, we determined that PPARα is the critical molecule governing the metabolic switch upon Linc01056 knockdown in HCC cells and indeed, PPARα inhibition restored the sorafenib response in HCC cells in vitro and HCC tumours in vivo. Clinically, Linc01056 expression predicted optimal overall and progression-free survival outcomes in HCC patients and predicted a better sorafenib response. Linc01056 expression indicated a low FAO level in HCC. CONCLUSION Our study identified Linc01056 as a critical epigenetic regulator and potential therapeutic target in the regulation of the sorafenib response in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Junyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Qiucheng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zixin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hongchao Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Tingyuan Xing
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- Centre for Chinese Medicine New Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Martinez-Lomeli J, Deol P, Deans JR, Jiang T, Ruegger P, Borneman J, Sladek FM. Impact of various high fat diets on gene expression and the microbiome across the mouse intestines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22758. [PMID: 38151490 PMCID: PMC10752901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High fat diets (HFDs) have been linked to several diseases including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. In this study, we examined the impact on intestinal gene expression of three isocaloric HFDs that differed only in their fatty acid composition-coconut oil (saturated fats), conventional soybean oil (polyunsaturated fats) and a genetically modified soybean oil (monounsaturated fats). Four functionally distinct segments of the mouse intestinal tract were analyzed using RNA-seq-duodenum, jejunum, terminal ileum and proximal colon. We found considerable dysregulation of genes in multiple tissues with the different diets, including those encoding nuclear receptors and genes involved in xenobiotic and drug metabolism, epithelial barrier function, IBD and colon cancer as well as genes associated with the microbiome and COVID-19. Network analysis shows that genes involved in metabolism tend to be upregulated by the HFDs while genes related to the immune system are downregulated; neurotransmitter signaling was also dysregulated by the HFDs. Genomic sequencing also revealed a microbiome altered by the HFDs. This study highlights the potential impact of different HFDs on gut health with implications for the organism as a whole and will serve as a reference for gene expression along the length of the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Martinez-Lomeli
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Deans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Paul Ruegger
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Frances M Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Fu Q, Frick JM, O'Neil MF, Eller OC, Morris EM, Thyfault JP, Christianson JA, Lane RH. Early-life stress perturbs the epigenetics of Cd36 concurrent with adult onset of NAFLD in mice. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1942-1950. [PMID: 37479748 PMCID: PMC10665193 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases in the U.S. and worldwide. The roles of early postnatal life stress (EPLS) and the fatty acid translocase (CD36) on the pathogenesis of adult-onset NAFLD remain unknown. We hypothesized that EPLS, in the form of neonatal maternal separation (NMS), would predispose mice towards developing adult NAFLD, increase hepatic CD36 expression, and differentially methylate Cd36 promoter concurrently. METHODS NMS was performed on mice from postnatal day 1 to 21 and a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet was started at 4 weeks of age to generate four experimental groups: Naive-control diet (CD), Naive-HFS, NMS-CD, and NMS-HFS. RESULTS NMS alone caused NAFLD in adult male mice at 25 weeks of age. The effects of NMS and HFS were generally additive in terms of NAFLD, hepatic Cd36 mRNA levels, and hepatic Cd36 promoter DNA hypomethylation. Cd36 promoter methylation negatively correlated with Cd36 mRNA levels. Two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) within Cd36 promoter regions appeared to be vulnerable to NMS in the mouse. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NMS increases the risk of an individual, particularly male, towards NAFLD when faced with a HFS diet later in life. IMPACT The key message of this article is that neonatal maternal separation and a postweaning high-fat/high-sucrose diet increased the risk of an individual, particularly male, towards NAFLD in adult life. What this study adds to the existing literature includes the identification of two vulnerable differentially methylated regions in hepatic Cd36 promoters whose methylation levels very strongly negatively correlated with Cd36 mRNA. The impact of this article is that it provides an early-life environment-responsive gene/promoter methylation model and an animal model for furthering the mechanistic study on how the insults in early-life environment are "transmitted" into adulthood and caused NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- Department of Research Administration, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jenna M Frick
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Maura F O'Neil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Olivia C Eller
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Julie A Christianson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Robert H Lane
- Department of Administration, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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Martinez-Lomeli J, Deol P, Deans JR, Jiang T, Ruegger P, Borneman J, Sladek FM. Impact of Various High Fat Diets on Gene Expression and the Microbiome Across the Mouse Intestines. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3401763. [PMID: 37886485 PMCID: PMC10602159 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3401763/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
High fat diets (HFDs) have been linked to several diseases including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. In this study, we examined the impact on intestinal gene expression of three isocaloric HFDs that differed only in their fatty acid composition - coconut oil (saturated fats), conventional soybean oil (polyunsaturated fats) and a genetically modified soybean oil (monounsaturated fats). Four functionally distinct segments of the mouse intestinal tract were analyzed using RNA-seq - duodenum, jejunum, terminal ileum and proximal colon. We found considerable dysregulation of genes in multiple tissues with the different diets, including those encoding nuclear receptors and genes involved in xenobiotic and drug metabolism, epithelial barrier function, IBD and colon cancer as well as genes associated with the microbiome and COVID-19. Network analysis shows that genes involved in metabolism tend to be upregulated by the HFDs while genes related to the immune system are downregulated; neurotransmitter signaling was also dysregulated by the HFDs. Genomic sequencing also revealed a microbiome altered by the HFDs. This study highlights the potential impact of different HFDs on gut health with implications for the organism as a whole and will serve as a reference for gene expression along the length of the intestines.
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Kasano-Camones CI, Takizawa M, Ohshima N, Saito C, Iwasaki W, Nakagawa Y, Fujitani Y, Yoshida R, Saito Y, Izumi T, Terawaki SI, Sakaguchi M, Gonzalez FJ, Inoue Y. PPARα activation partially drives NAFLD development in liver-specific Hnf4a-null mice. J Biochem 2023; 173:393-411. [PMID: 36779417 PMCID: PMC10433406 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HNF4α regulates various genes to maintain liver function. There have been reports linking HNF4α expression to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, liver-specific Hnf4a-deficient mice (Hnf4aΔHep mice) developed hepatosteatosis and liver fibrosis, and they were found to have difficulty utilizing glucose. In Hnf4aΔHep mice, the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, which are PPARα target genes, was increased in contrast to the decreased expression of PPARα, suggesting that Hnf4aΔHep mice take up more lipids in the liver instead of glucose. Furthermore, Hnf4aΔHep/Ppara-/- mice, which are simultaneously deficient in HNF4α and PPARα, showed improved hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. Increased C18:1 and C18:1/C18:0 ratio was observed in the livers of Hnf4aΔHep mice, and the transactivation of PPARα target gene was induced by C18:1. When the C18:1/C18:0 ratio was close to that of Hnf4aΔHep mouse liver, a significant increase in transactivation was observed. In addition, the expression of Pgc1a, a coactivator of PPARs, was increased, suggesting that elevated C18:1 and Pgc1a expression could contribute to PPARα activation in Hnf4aΔHep mice. These insights may contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for NAFLD by focusing on the HNF4α and PPARα signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ichiro Kasano-Camones
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takizawa
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Saito
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Wakana Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saito
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Terawaki
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
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Price ER, Bauchinger U, McWilliams SR, Boyles ML, Langlois LA, Gerson AR, Guglielmo CG. The effects of training, acute exercise and dietary fatty acid composition on muscle lipid oxidative capacity in European starlings. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:jeb244433. [PMID: 36200468 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Migratory birds undergo seasonal changes to muscle biochemistry. Nonetheless, it is unclear to what extent these changes are attributable to the exercise of flight itself versus endogenous changes. Using starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) flying in a wind tunnel, we tested the effects of exercise training, a single bout of flight and dietary lipid composition on pectoralis muscle oxidative enzymes and lipid transporters. Starlings were either unexercised or trained over 2 weeks to fly in a wind tunnel and sampled either immediately following a long flight at the end of this training or after 2 days recovery from this flight. Additionally, they were divided into dietary groups that differed in dietary fatty acid composition (high polyunsaturates versus high monounsaturates) and amount of dietary antioxidant. Trained starlings had elevated (19%) carnitine palmitoyl transferase and elevated (11%) hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase in pectoralis muscle compared with unexercised controls, but training alone had little effect on lipid transporters. Immediately following a long wind-tunnel flight, starling pectoralis had upregulated lipid transporter mRNA (heart-type fatty acid binding protein, H-FABP, 4.7-fold; fatty acid translocase, 1.9-fold; plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein, 1.6-fold), and upregulated H-FABP protein (68%). Dietary fatty acid composition and the amount of dietary antioxidants had no effect on muscle catabolic enzymes or lipid transporter expression. Our results demonstrate that birds undergo rapid upregulation of catabolic capacity that largely becomes available during flight itself, with minor effects due to training. These effects likely combine with endogenous seasonal changes to create the migratory phenotype observed in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Price
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Ulf Bauchinger
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Scott R McWilliams
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Michelle L Boyles
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Lillie A Langlois
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Alexander R Gerson
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Christopher G Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
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Six genetically linked mutations in the CD36 gene significantly delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10994. [PMID: 35768560 PMCID: PMC9243110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a strong genetic component, also in the case of late-onset AD (LOAD). Attempts to sequence whole genome in large populations of subjects have identified only a few mutations common to most of the patients with AD. Targeting smaller well-characterized groups of subjects where specific genetic variations in selected genes could be related to precisely defined psychological traits typical of dementia is needed to better understand the heritability of AD. More than one thousand participants, categorized according to cognitive deficits, were assessed using 14 psychometric tests evaluating performance in five cognitive domains (attention/working memory, memory, language, executive functions, visuospatial functions). CD36 was selected as a gene previously shown to be implicated in the etiology of AD. A total of 174 polymorphisms were tested for associations with cognition-related traits and other AD-relevant data using the next generation sequencing. Several associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s) and the cognitive deficits have been found (rs12667404 with language performance, rs3211827 and rs41272372 with executive functions, rs137984792 with visuospatial performance). The most prominent association was found between a group of genotypes in six genetically linked and the age at which the AD patients presented with, or developed, a full-blown dementia. The identified alleles appear to be associated with a delay in the onset of LOAD. In silico studies suggested that the SNP’s alter the expression of CD36 thus potentially affecting CD36-related neuroinflammation and other molecular and cellular mechanisms known to be involved in the neuronal loss leading to AD. The main outcome of the study is an identification of a set of six new mutations apparently conferring a distinct protection against AD and delaying the onset by about 8 years. Additional mutations in CD36 associated with certain traits characteristic of the cognitive decline in AD have also been found.
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Lu H, Lei X, Winkler R, John S, Kumar D, Li W, Alnouti Y. Crosstalk of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a and glucocorticoid receptor in the regulation of lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat-high-sugar diet. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:46. [PMID: 35614477 PMCID: PMC9134643 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), master regulators of liver metabolism, are down-regulated in fatty liver diseases. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of down-regulation of HNF4α and GR in fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Methods Adult mice with liver-specific heterozygote (HET) and knockout (KO) of HNF4α or GR were fed a high-fat-high-sugar diet (HFHS) for 15 days. Alterations in hepatic and circulating lipids were determined with analytical kits, and changes in hepatic mRNA and protein expression in these mice were quantified by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Serum and hepatic levels of bile acids were quantified by LC-MS/MS. The roles of HNF4α and GR in regulating hepatic gene expression were determined using luciferase reporter assays. Results Compared to HFHS-fed wildtype mice, HNF4α HET mice had down-regulation of lipid catabolic genes, induction of lipogenic genes, and increased hepatic and blood levels of lipids, whereas HNF4α KO mice had fatty liver but mild hypolipidemia, down-regulation of lipid-efflux genes, and induction of genes for uptake, synthesis, and storage of lipids. Serum levels of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid tended to be decreased in the HNF4α HET mice but dramatically increased in the HNF4α KO mice, which was associated with marked down-regulation of cytochrome P450 7a1, the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. Hepatic mRNA and protein expression of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a master lipogenic regulator, was induced in HFHS-fed HNF4α HET mice. In reporter assays, HNF4α cooperated with the corepressor small heterodimer partner to potently inhibit the transactivation of mouse and human SREBP-1C promoter by liver X receptor. Hepatic nuclear GR proteins tended to be decreased in the HNF4α KO mice. HFHS-fed mice with liver-specific KO of GR had increased hepatic lipids and induction of SREBP-1C and PPARγ, which was associated with a marked decrease in hepatic levels of HNF4α proteins in these mice. In reporter assays, GR and HNF4α synergistically/additively induced lipid catabolic genes. Conclusions induction of lipid catabolic genes and suppression of lipogenic genes by HNF4α and GR may mediate the early resistance to HFHS-induced fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01654-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Rebecca Winkler
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Savio John
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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11
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Empagliflozin Ameliorates Free Fatty Acid Induced-Lipotoxicity in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells via the PPARγ/CD36 Pathway in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212408. [PMID: 34830289 PMCID: PMC8621539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) could contribute to obesity-induced nephropathy. CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, is a major receptor mediating FFA uptake in renal proximal tubular cells. Empagliflozin, a new anti-diabetic agent, is a specific inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 channels presented on renal proximal tubular cells and inhibits glucose reabsorption. In addition, empagliflozin has shown renoprotective effects. However, the mechanism through which empagliflozin regulates CD36 expression and attenuates FFA-induced lipotoxicity remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the crosstalk between empagliflozin and CD36 in FFA-induced renal injury. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and palmitic acid-treated HK-2 renal tubular cells were used for in vivo and in vitro assessments. Empagliflozin attenuated HFD-induced body weight gain, insulin resistance, and inflammation in mice. In HFD-fed mice, CD36 was upregulated in the tubular area of the kidney, whereas empagliflozin attenuated CD36 expression. Furthermore, empagliflozin downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. Treatment with a PPARγ inhibitor (GW9662) did not further decrease PPARγ expression, whereas a PPARγ antagonist reversed this effect; this suggested that empagliflozin may, at least partly, decrease CD36 by modulating PPARγ. In conclusion, empagliflozin can ameliorate FFA-induced renal tubular injury via the PPARγ/CD36 pathway.
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12
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Wu X, Cheng B, Guo X, Wu Q, Sun S, He P. PPARα/γ signaling pathways are involved in Chlamydia pneumoniae-induced foam cell formation via upregulation of SR-A1 and ACAT1 and downregulation of ABCA1/G1. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105284. [PMID: 34767930 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of early atherosclerosis by inducing macrophage-derived foam cell formation in the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying Cpn-induced foam cell formation are still not fully elucidated. The present study showed that in LDL-treated THP-1-derived macrophages, Cpn not only upregulated the expression of scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1) and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), but it also downregulated the expression of ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) at both the mRNA and protein levels. These processes facilitated cholesterol accumulation and promoted macrophage-derived foam cell formation. Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist rosiglitazone or the PPARα agonist fenofibrate decreased the number of foam cells induced by Cpn, while the PPARγ antagonist GW9662, the PPARα antagonist MK886, or PPARα/γ siRNAs enhanced the effect of Cpn on foam cell formation and gene expression of SR-A1, ACAT1, and ABCA1/G1. Moreover, the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone reversed the downregulation of CD36 by Cpn, while PPARγ siRNA and the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 further suppressed CD36 expression. However, the PPARα agonist, inhibitor, and siRNA all showed no effect on CD36 expression. In conclusion, the PPARα and PPARγ pathways are both involved in Cpn-induced macrophage-derived foam cell formation by upregulating SR-A1 and ACAT1 and downregulating ABCA1/G1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Geriatrics, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Bei Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qinqin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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13
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Fu Q, North PE, Ke X, Huang YW, Fritz KA, Majnik AV, Lane RH. Adverse Maternal Environment and Postweaning Western Diet Alter Hepatic CD36 Expression and Methylation Concurrently with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mouse Offspring. J Nutr 2021; 151:3102-3112. [PMID: 34486661 PMCID: PMC8485909 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of an adverse maternal environment (AME) in conjunction with a postweaning Western diet (WD) in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult offspring has not been explored. Likewise, the molecular mechanisms associated with AME-induced NAFLD have not been studied. The fatty acid translocase or cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) has been implicated to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of WD-induced steatosis. However, it is unknown if CD36 plays a role in AME-induced NAFLD. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the isolated and additive impact of AME and postweaning WD on the expression and DNA methylation of hepatic Cd36 in association with the development of NAFLD in a novel mouse model. METHODS AME constituted maternal WD and maternal stress, whereas the control (Con) group had neither. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a WD [40% fat energy, 29.1% sucrose energy, and 0.15% cholesterol (wt/wt)] 5 wk prior to pregnancy and throughout lactation. Non invasive variable stressors (random frequent cage changing, limited bedding, novel object, etc.) were applied to WD dams during the last third of pregnancy to produce an AME. Con dams consumed the control diet (CD) (10% fat energy, no sucrose or cholesterol) and were not exposed to stress. Male offspring were weaned onto either CD or WD, creating 4 experimental groups: Con-CD, Con-WD, AME-CD, and AME-WD, and evaluated for metabolic and molecular parameters at 120 d of age. RESULTS AME and postweaning WD independently and additively increased the development of hepatic steatosis in adult male offspring. AME and WD independently and additively upregulated hepatic CD36 protein and mRNA expression and hypomethylated promoters 2 and 3 of the Cd36 gene. CONCLUSIONS Using a mouse AME model together with postweaning WD, this study demonstrates a role for CD36 in AME-induced NAFLD in offspring and reveals 2 regions of environmentally induced epigenetic heterogeneity within Cd36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- Department of Research Administration, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Paula E North
- Department of Pediatric Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xingrao Ke
- Department of Research Administration, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Katie A Fritz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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14
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Sea-Buckthorn Seed Oil Induces Proliferation of both Normal and Dysplastic Keratinocytes in Basal Conditions and under UVA Irradiation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040278. [PMID: 33917064 PMCID: PMC8067731 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Past decades demonstrate an increasing interest in herbal remedies in the public eye, with as many as 80% of people worldwide using these remedies as healthcare products, including those for skin health. Sea buckthorn and its derived products (oil; alcoholic extracts), rich in flavonoids and essential fatty acids, are among these healthcare products. Specifically, sea buckthorn and its derivatives are reported to have antioxidant and antitumor activity in dysplastic skin cells. On the other hand, evidence suggests that the alteration of lipid metabolism is related to increased malignant behavior. Given the paradoxical involvement of lipids in health and disease, we investigated how sea-buckthorn seed oil, rich in long-chain fatty acids, modifies the proliferation of normal and dysplastic skin cells in basal conditions, as well as under ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. Using real-time analysis of normal and dysplastic human keratinocytes, we showed that sea-buckthorn seed oil stimulated the proliferation of dysplastic cells, while it also impaired the ability of both normal and dysplastic cells to migrate over a denuded area. Furthermore, UVA exposure increased the expression of CD36/SR-B2, a long-chain fatty acid translocator that is related to the metastatic behavior of tumor cells.
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15
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Jie J, Ling L, Yi Y, Tao L, Liao X, Gao P, Xu Q, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhang J, Weng D. Tributyltin triggers lipogenesis in macrophages via modifying PPARγ pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116331. [PMID: 33383419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a bioaccumulative and persistent environmental pollutant, has been proposed as a metabolism disruptor and obesogen through targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) receptor pathway. However, it remains unknown whether this biological effect occurs in macrophage, a cell type which cooperates closely with hepatocytes and adipocytes to regulate lipid metabolism. This study for the first time investigated the effect of TBT on PPARγ pathway in macrophages. Our results indicated that nanomolar levels of TBT was able to strongly activate PPARγ in human macrophages. TBT treatment also markedly increased the intracellular lipid accumulation, and enhanced the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in macrophages, while these effects were all significantly down-regulated in PPARγ-deficient macrophages, confirming the involvement of PPARγ in TBT-induced lipogenesis. Next, a mouse model that C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to TBT with the doses (250 and 500 μg/kg body weight) lower than NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) was used to further investigate the in vivo mechanisms. And the in vivo results were consistent with cellular assays, confirming the induction of PPARγ and the increased expression of lipogenesis-regulating and lipid metabolism-related genes by TBT in vivo. In conclusion, this study not only provided the first evidence that TBT stimulated lipogenesis, activated PPARγ and related genes in human macrophages, but also provided insight into the mechanism of TBT-induced metabolism disturbance and obesity through targeting PPARγ via both in vitro cellular assays and in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Jie
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ling Ling
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yuguo Yi
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Liang Tao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Pingshi Gao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Weigao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Dan Weng
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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16
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Kretzschmar T, Wu JMF, Schulze PC. Mitochondrial Homeostasis Mediates Lipotoxicity in the Failing Myocardium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1498. [PMID: 33540894 PMCID: PMC7867320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains the most common cause of death in the industrialized world. In spite of new therapeutic interventions that are constantly being developed, it is still not possible to completely protect against heart failure development and progression. This shows how much more research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of this process. In this review, we give a detailed overview of the contribution of impaired mitochondrial dynamics and energy homeostasis during heart failure progression. In particular, we focus on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and the effects of fatty acid accumulation on mitochondrial structural and functional homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Thüringen, Germany; (T.K.); (J.M.F.W.)
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17
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de Souza DN, Teixeira CJ, Veronesi VB, Murata GM, Santos-Silva JC, Hecht FB, Vicente JM, Bordin S, Anhê GF. Dexamethasone programs lower fatty acid absorption and reduced PPAR-γ and fat/CD36 expression in the jejunum of the adult rat offspring. Life Sci 2021; 265:118765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Zhang M, Wang Z, Hao S, Hao L, Zhang X, Yu P, Sun H. Synthesis of natural 3'-Prenylchalconaringenin and biological evaluation of ameliorating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112649. [PMID: 32791402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and important risk factor for cardiac diseases, diabetes and extrahepatic cancers. Natural 3'-geranylchalconaringenin (GC) and desmethylxanthohumol (DX) from hop were synthesized using a regio-selective iodination and the Suzuki coupling reaction as key steps. GC and DX, along with their aglycone naringenin chalcone (NC) were investigated their decreasing the accumulation of cellular lipids. GC reduced lipid content and activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, GC had an obvious therapeutic effect on alleviating NAFLD and metabolic syndrome by activating the AMPK pathway in vivo. In conclusion, GC may be potentially used as a candidate drug and functional food for treating NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Siyu Hao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lei Hao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Hua Sun
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China.
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19
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Tian H, Luo J, Shi H, Chen X, Wu J, Liang Y, Li C, Loor JJ. Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α on the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in goat mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5739815. [PMID: 32067038 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A key member of the nuclear receptor superfamily is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) isoform, which in nonruminants is closely associated with fatty acid oxidation. Whether PPARA plays a role in milk fatty acid synthesis in ruminants is unknown. The main objective of the present study was to use primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) to activate PPARA via the agonist WY-14643 (WY) or to silence it via transfection of small-interfering RNA (siRNA). Three copies of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element (PPRE) contained in a luciferase reporter vector were transfected into GMEC followed by incubation with WY at 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, or 100 µM. A dose of 50 µM WY was most effective at activating PPRE without influencing PPARA mRNA abundance. Transfecting siRNA targeting PPARA decreased its mRNA abundance to 20% and protein level to 50% of basal levels. Use of WY upregulated FASN, SCD1, ACSL1, DGAT1, FABP4, and CD36 (1.1-, 1.5-, 2-, 1.4-, 1.5-, and 5-fold, respectively), but downregulated DGAT2 and PGC1A (-20% and -40%, respectively) abundance. In contrast, triacylglycerol concentration decreased and the content and desaturation index of C16:1 and C18:1 increased. Thus, activation of PPARA via WY appeared to channel fatty acids away from esterification. Knockdown of PPARA via siRNA downregulated ACACA, SCD1, AGPAT6, CD36, HSL, and SREBF1 (-43%, -67%, -16%, -56%, -26%, and -29%, respectively), but upregulated ACSL1, DGAT2, FABP3, and PGC1A (2-, 1.4-, 1.3-, and 2.5-fold, respectively) mRNA abundance. A decrease in the content and desaturation index of C16:1 and C18:1 coupled with an increase in triacylglycerol content accompanied those effects at the mRNA level. Overall, data suggest that PPARA could promote the synthesis of MUFA in GMEC through its effects on mRNA abundance of genes related to fatty acid synthesis, oxidation, transport, and triacylglycerol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Cong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Boeckmans J, Natale A, Rombaut M, Buyl K, Cami B, De Boe V, Heymans A, Rogiers V, De Kock J, Vanhaecke T, Rodrigues RM. Human hepatic in vitro models reveal distinct anti-NASH potencies of PPAR agonists. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 37:293-311. [PMID: 32613381 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a highly prevalent, chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and concomitant fibrosis. Up to date, no anti-NASH drugs have been approved. In this study, we reproduced key NASH characteristics in vitro by exposing primary human hepatocytes (PHH), human skin stem cell-derived hepatic cells (hSKP-HPC), HepaRG and HepG2 cell lines, as well as LX-2 cells to multiple factors that play a role in the onset of NASH. The obtained in vitro disease models showed intracellular lipid accumulation, secretion of inflammatory chemokines, induced ATP content, apoptosis, and increased pro-fibrotic gene expression. These cell systems were then used to evaluate the anti-NASH properties of eight peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists (bezafibrate, elafibranor, fenofibrate, lanifibranor, pemafibrate, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and saroglitazar). PPAR agonists differently attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammatory chemokine secretion, and pro-fibrotic gene expression.Based on the obtained readouts, a scoring system was developed to grade the anti-NASH potencies. The in vitro scoring system, based on a battery of the most performant models, namely PHH, hSKP-HPC, and LX-2 cultures, showed that elafibranor, followed by saroglitazar and pioglitazone, induced the strongest anti-NASH effects. These data corroborate available clinical data and show the relevance of these in vitro models for the preclinical investigation of anti-NASH compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Boeckmans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Natale
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Rombaut
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien Buyl
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brent Cami
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle De Boe
- Department of Urology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anja Heymans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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Wang J, Li Y. CD36 tango in cancer: signaling pathways and functions. Theranostics 2019; 9:4893-4908. [PMID: 31410189 PMCID: PMC6691380 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36, a scavenger receptor expressed in multiple cell types, mediates lipid uptake, immunological recognition, inflammation, molecular adhesion, and apoptosis. CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that contains several posttranslational modification sites and binds to diverse ligands, including apoptotic cells, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and fatty acids (FAs). Beyond fueling tumor metastasis and therapy resistance by enhancing lipid uptake and FA oxidation, CD36 attenuates angiogenesis by binding to TSP-1 and thereby inducing apoptosis or blocking the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 pathway in tumor microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, CD36-driven lipid metabolic reprogramming and functions in tumor-associated immune cells lead to tumor immune tolerance and cancer development. Notable advances have been made in demonstrating the regulatory networks that govern distinct physiological properties of CD36, and this has identified targeting CD36 as a potential strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we provide an overview on the structure, regulation, ligands, functions, and clinical trials of CD36 in cancer.
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Capsaicin Targets Lipogenesis in HepG2 Cells Through AMPK Activation, AKT Inhibition and PPARs Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071660. [PMID: 30987128 PMCID: PMC6480012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), represents a serious primary health problem worldwide. Dietary habits are of special interest to prevent and counteract the obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, including lipid steatosis. Capsaicin, a pungent compound of chili peppers, has been found to ameliorate diet-induced obesity in rodents and humans. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of capsaicin on hepatic lipogenesis and to delineate the underlying signaling pathways involved, using HepG2 cells as an experimental model. Cellular neutral lipids, stained with BODIPY493/503, were quantified by flow cytometry, and the protein expression and activity were determined by immunoblotting. Capsaicin reduced basal neutral lipid content in HepG2 cells, as well that induced by troglitazone or by oleic acid. This effect of capsaicin was prevented by dorsomorphin and GW9662, pharmacological inhibitors of AMPK and PPARγ, respectively. In addition, capsaicin activated AMPK and inhibited the AKT/mTOR pathway, major regulators of hepatic lipogenesis. Furthermore, capsaicin blocked autophagy and increased PGC-1α protein. These results suggest that capsaicin behaves as an anti-lipogenic compound in HepG2 cells.
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Yu H, Li R, Huang H, Yao R, Shen S. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Enhance the Lipid Accumulation of 3T3-L1 Cells by Modulating the Expression of Enzymes of Fatty Acid Metabolism. Lipids 2019; 53:77-84. [PMID: 29488641 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid are produced by fermentation by gut microbiota. In this paper, we investigate the effects of SCFA on 3T3-L1 cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The cells were treated with acetic acid, propionic acid, or butyric acid when cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes. MTT assay was employed to detect the viability of 3T3-L1 cells. Oil Red O staining was used to visualize the lipid content in 3T3-L1 cells. A triglyceride assay kit was used to detect the triacylglycerol content in 3T3-L1 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression of metabolic enzymes. MTT results showed that safe concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were less than 6.4, 3.2, and 0.8 mM, respectively. Oil Red O staining and triacylglycerols detection results showed that treatment with acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid accelerated the 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that the expressions of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid transporter protein 4 (FATP4), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were significantly increased by acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid treatment during adipose differentiation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SCFA promoted lipid accumulation by modulating the expression of enzymes of fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Haiyong Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Ru Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Shengrong Shen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Bougarne N, Weyers B, Desmet SJ, Deckers J, Ray DW, Staels B, De Bosscher K. Molecular Actions of PPARα in Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:760-802. [PMID: 30020428 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor of clinical interest as a drug target in various metabolic disorders. PPARα also exhibits marked anti-inflammatory capacities. The first-generation PPARα agonists, the fibrates, have however been hampered by drug-drug interaction issues, statin drop-in, and ill-designed cardiovascular intervention trials. Notwithstanding, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which PPARα works will enable control of its activities as a drug target for metabolic diseases with an underlying inflammatory component. Given its role in reshaping the immune system, the full potential of this nuclear receptor subtype as a versatile drug target with high plasticity becomes increasingly clear, and a novel generation of agonists may pave the way for novel fields of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bougarne
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Laboratory, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Basiel Weyers
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Laboratory, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie J Desmet
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Laboratory, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Deckers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1011, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Laboratory, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Khan S, Kowluru A. CD36 mediates lipid accumulation in pancreatic beta cells under the duress of glucolipotoxic conditions: Novel roles of lysine deacetylases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2221-2226. [PMID: 29274335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is implicated in the intake of long-chain fatty acids and fat storage in various cell types including the pancreatic beta cell, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of metabolic stress and diabetes. Recent evidence indicates that CD36 undergoes post-translational modifications such as acetylation-deacetylation. However, putative roles of such modifications in its functional activation and onset of beta cell dysregulation under the duress of glucolipotoxicity (GLT) remain largely unknown. Using pharmacological approaches, we validated, herein, the hypothesis that acetylation-deacetylation signaling steps are involved in CD36-mediated lipid accumulation and downstream apoptotic signaling in pancreatic beta (INS-1832/13) cells under GLT. Exposure of these cells to GLT resulted in significant lipid accumulation without affecting the CD36 expression. Sulfo-n-succinimidyl oleate (SSO), an irreversible inhibitor of CD36, significantly attenuated lipid accumulation under GLT conditions, thus implicating CD36 in this metabolic step. Furthermore, trichostatin A (TSA) or valproic acid (VPA), known inhibitors of lysine deacetylases, markedly suppressed GLT-associated lipid accumulation with no discernible effects on CD36 expression. Lastly, SSO or TSA prevented caspase 3 activation in INS-1832/13 cells exposed to GLT conditions. Based on these findings, we conclude that an acetylation-deacetylation signaling step might regulate CD36 functional activity and subsequent lipid accumulation and caspase 3 activation in pancreatic beta cells exposed to GLT conditions. Identification of specific lysine deacetylases that control CD36 function should provide novel clues for the prevention of beta-cell dysfunction under GLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- β-Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- β-Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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26
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Oleic Acid Uptake Reveals the Rescued Enterocyte Phenotype of Colon Cancer Caco-2 by HT29-MTX Cells in Co-Culture Mode. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071573. [PMID: 28726765 PMCID: PMC5536061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal epithelium is the unique route for nutrients and for many pharmaceuticals to enter the body. The present study aimed to analyze precisely whether co-culture of two colon cancer cell lines, mucus-producing cells HT29-MTX and enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells, ameliorate differentiation into an in vitro intestinal barrier model and the signaling pathways involved. Differentiated Caco-2 cells gene datasets were compared first to intestinal or cancer phenotypes and second to signaling pathway gene datasets. Experimental validations were performed in real-time experiments, immunochemistry, and gene expression analyses on Caco-2 versus co-cultures of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX (10%) cells. Partial maintenance of cancer-cell phenotype in differentiated Caco-2 cells was confirmed and fatty acids merged as potential regulators of cancer signaling pathways. HT29-MTX cells induced morphological changes in Caco-2 cells, slightly increased their proliferation rate and profoundly modified gene transcription of phenotype markers, fatty acid receptors, intracellular transporters, and lipid droplet components as well as functional responses to oleic acid. In vitro, enterocyte phenotype was rescued partially by co-culture of cancer cells with goblet cells and completed through oleic acid interaction with signaling pathways dysregulated in cancer cells.
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27
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From fat to FAT (CD36/SR-B2): Understanding the regulation of cellular fatty acid uptake. Biochimie 2017; 136:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Zingg JM, Hasan ST, Nakagawa K, Canepa E, Ricciarelli R, Villacorta L, Azzi A, Meydani M. Modulation of cAMP levels by high-fat diet and curcumin and regulatory effects on CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acids transporter gene expression. Biofactors 2017; 43:42-53. [PMID: 27355903 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol from turmeric (Curcuma longa), reduces inflammation, atherosclerosis, and obesity in several animal studies. In Ldlr-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), curcumin reduces plasma lipid levels, therefore contributing to a lower accumulation of lipids and to reduced expression of fatty acid transport proteins (CD36/FAT, FABP4/aP2) in peritoneal macrophages. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which curcumin (500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg diet, for 4 months) may influence plasma and tissue lipid levels in Ldlr-/- mice fed an HFD. In liver, HFD significantly suppressed cAMP levels, and curcumin restored almost normal levels. Similar trends were observed in adipose tissues, but not in brain, skeletal muscle, spleen, and kidney. Treatment with curcumin increased phosphorylation of CREB in liver, what may play a role in regulatory effects of curcumin in lipid homeostasis. In cell lines, curcumin increased the level of cAMP, activated the transcription factor CREB and the human CD36 promoter via a sequence containing a consensus CREB response element. Regulatory effects of HFD and Cur on gene expression were observed in liver, less in skeletal muscle and not in brain. Since the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB pathway plays an important role in lipid homeostasis, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis by increasing lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, an increase in cAMP levels induced by curcumin may contribute to its hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):42-53, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Syeda T Hasan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Elisa Canepa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricciarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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29
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Kroon T, Baccega T, Olsén A, Gabrielsson J, Oakes ND. Nicotinic acid timed to feeding reverses tissue lipid accumulation and improves glucose control in obese Zucker rats[S]. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:31-41. [PMID: 27875257 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m068395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid (NiAc) is a potent inhibitor of lipolysis, acutely reducing plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. However, a major FFA rebound is seen during rapid NiAc washout, and sustained exposure is associated with tolerance development, with FFAs returning to pretreatment levels. Our aim was to find a rational NiAc dosing regimen that preserves FFA lowering, sufficient to reverse nonadipose tissue lipid accumulation and improve metabolic control, in obese Zucker rats. We compared feeding-period versus fasting-period NiAc dosing for 5 days: 12 h subcutaneous infusion (programmable, implantable mini-pumps) terminated by gradual withdrawal. It was found that NiAc timed to feeding decreased triglycerides in liver (-47%; P < 0.01) and heart (-38%; P < 0.05) and reduced plasma fructosamine versus vehicle. During oral glucose tolerance test, plasma FFA levels were reduced with amelioration of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, timing NiAc to feeding resulted in a general downregulation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) genes in liver. By contrast, NiAc timed to fasting did not reduce tissue lipids, ameliorate glucose intolerance or dyslipidemia, or alter hepatic DNL genes. In conclusion, NiAc dosing regimen has a major impact on metabolic control in obese Zucker rats. Specifically, a well-defined NiAc exposure, timed to feeding periods, profoundly improves the metabolic phenotype of this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kroon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden .,AstraZeneca R&D, CVMD iMed, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Arne Olsén
- AstraZeneca R&D, CVMD iMed, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Gabrielsson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Ramakrishnan SK, Russo L, Ghanem SS, Patel PR, Oyarce AM, Heinrich G, Najjar SM. Fenofibrate Decreases Insulin Clearance and Insulin Secretion to Maintain Insulin Sensitivity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23915-23924. [PMID: 27662905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.745778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High fat diet reduces the expression of CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1), a transmembrane glycoprotein that promotes insulin clearance and down-regulates fatty acid synthase activity in the liver upon its phosphorylation by the insulin receptor. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) transcriptionally suppresses CEACAM1 expression, we herein examined whether high fat down-regulates CEACAM1 expression in a PPARα-dependent mechanism. By activating PPARα, the lipid-lowering drug fenofibrate reverses dyslipidemia and improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes in part by promoting fatty acid oxidation. Despite reducing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, fenofibrate treatment does not result in insulin insufficiency. To examine whether this is mediated by a parallel decrease in CEACAM1-dependent hepatic insulin clearance pathways, we fed wild-type and Pparα-/- null mice a high fat diet supplemented with either fenofibrate or Wy14643, a selective PPARα agonist, and examined their effect on insulin metabolism and action. We demonstrated that the decrease in insulin secretion by fenofibrate and Wy14643 is accompanied by reduction in insulin clearance in wild-type but not Pparα-/- mice, thereby maintaining normoinsulinemia and insulin sensitivity despite continuous high fat intake. Intact insulin secretion in L-CC1 mice with protected hepatic insulin clearance and CEACAM1 levels provides in vivo evidence that insulin secretion responds to changes in insulin clearance to maintain physiologic insulin and glucose homeostasis. These results also emphasize the relevant role of hepatic insulin extraction in regulating insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Lucia Russo
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Simona S Ghanem
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Payal R Patel
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Ana Maria Oyarce
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614.,the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, and
| | - Garrett Heinrich
- the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, and
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, .,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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31
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Bonda TA, Szynaka B, Sokołowska M, Dziemidowicz M, Waszkiewicz E, Winnicka MM, Bernaczyk P, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Kamiński KA. Interleukin 6 modulates PPARα and PGC-1α and is involved in high-fat diet induced cardiac lipotoxicity in mouse. Int J Cardiol 2016; 219:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Shavva VS, Mogilenko DA, Bogomolova AM, Nikitin AA, Dizhe EB, Efremov AM, Oleinikova GN, Perevozchikov AP, Orlov SV. PPARγ Represses Apolipoprotein A-I Gene but Impedes TNFα-Mediated ApoA-I Downregulation in HepG2 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2010-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Denis A. Mogilenko
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | | | - Artemy A. Nikitin
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Biochemistry; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ella B. Dizhe
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexander M. Efremov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Galina N. Oleinikova
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Andrej P. Perevozchikov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Sergey V. Orlov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
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33
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Wang J, Chen H, Yang B, Gu Z, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 produces CLA to ameliorate DSS-induced acute colitis in mice. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarumZS2058 is an efficient producer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
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34
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Mishra AK, Dubey V, Ghosh AR. Obesity: An overview of possible role(s) of gut hormones, lipid sensing and gut microbiota. Metabolism 2016; 65:48-65. [PMID: 26683796 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major challenges for public health in 21st century, with 1.9 billion people being considered as overweight and 600 million as obese. There are certain diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and several forms of cancer which were found to be associated with obesity. Therefore, understanding the key molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of obesity could be beneficial for the development of a therapeutic approach. Hormones such as ghrelin, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) peptide YY (PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), cholecystokinin (CCK) secreted by an endocrine organ gut, have an intense impact on energy balance and maintenance of homeostasis by inducing satiety and meal termination. Glucose and energy homeostasis are also affected by lipid sensing in which different organs respond in different ways. However, there is one common mechanism i.e. formation of esterified lipids (long chain fatty acyl CoAs) and the activation of protein kinase C δ (PKC δ) involved in all these organs. The possible role of gut microbiota and obesity has been addressed by several researchers in recent years, indicating the possible therapeutic approach toward the management of obesity by the introduction of an external living system such as a probiotic. The proposed mechanism behind this activity is attributed by metabolites produced by gut microbial organisms. Thus, this review summarizes the role of various physiological factors such as gut hormone and lipid sensing involved in various tissues and organ and most important by the role of gut microbiota in weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Mishra
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Control, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinay Dubey
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Control, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Ghosh
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Control, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Motojima K. [Lessons Learned after 25 Years of Studies on the Physiological Roles of the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:1083-9. [PMID: 26423862 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) was discovered a quarter of a century ago. PPAR was soon recognized as a general transcriptional regulator of lipid homeostasis, and several hypolipidemic and antidiabetic agents were shown to be effective ligands for it. Since then, many attempts to develop more potent drugs have been made worldwide, but most were unsuccessful due to serious side effects. It appears that the PPAR boom has ended. This review summarizes the short history of PPAR studies, including our own results, and discusses the lessons learned from the rise and fall of studies in this field for next-generation basic studies and drug development research.
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Gaykalova DA, Manola JB, Ozawa H, Zizkova V, Morton K, Bishop JA, Sharma R, Zhang C, Michailidi C, Considine M, Tan M, Fertig EJ, Hennessey PT, Ahn J, Koch WM, Westra WH, Khan Z, Chung CH, Ochs MF, Califano JA. NF-κB and stat3 transcription factor signatures differentiate HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1879-89. [PMID: 25857630 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Using high-throughput analyses and the TRANSFAC database, we characterized TF signatures of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) subgroups by inferential analysis of target gene expression, correcting for the effects of DNA methylation and copy number. Using this discovery pipeline, we determined that human papillomavirus-related (HPV+) and HPV- HNSCC differed significantly based on the activity levels of key TFs including AP1, STATs, NF-κB and p53. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that HPV- HNSCC is characterized by co-activated STAT3 and NF-κB pathways and functional studies demonstrate that this phenotype can be effectively targeted with combined anti-NF-κB and anti-STAT therapies. These discoveries correlate strongly with previous findings connecting STATs, NF-κB and AP1 in HNSCC. We identified five top-scoring pair biomarkers from STATs, NF-κB and AP1 pathways that distinguish HPV+ from HPV- HNSCC based on TF activity and validated these biomarkers on TCGA and on independent validation cohorts. We conclude that a novel approach to TF pathway analysis can provide insight into therapeutic targeting of patient subgroup for heterogeneous disease such as HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Judith B Manola
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Veronika Zizkova
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kathryn Morton
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Christina Michailidi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Considine
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Patrick T Hennessey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Mid-Michigan Ear, Nose, and Throat, East Lansing, MI
| | - Julie Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wayne M Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - William H Westra
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zubair Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael F Ochs
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.,Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
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Yuan G, Chen X, Li D. Modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) by conjugated fatty acid in obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1883-1895. [PMID: 25634802 DOI: 10.1021/jf505050c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) have drawn significant attention for their variety of biologically beneficial effects. Evidence suggested that CLA and CLNA could play physiological roles by regulating the expression and activity of PPAR γ. This review summarizes the current understanding of evidence of the role of CLA (cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA) and CLNA (punicic acid and α-eleostearic acid) in modulating the expression or activity of PPAR γ that could in turn be employed as complementary treatment for obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan 316022, China
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Ide T, Azechi A, Kitade S, Kunimatsu Y, Suzuki N, Nakajima C, Ogata N. Comparative Effects of Sesame Seeds Differing in Lignan Contents and Composition on Fatty Acid Oxidation in Rat Liver. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:211-22. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ide
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Ayana Azechi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Sayaka Kitade
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Yoko Kunimatsu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Natsuko Suzuki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Chihiro Nakajima
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Naoki Ogata
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
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Jennings P, Schwarz M, Landesmann B, Maggioni S, Goumenou M, Bower D, Leonard MO, Wiseman JS. SEURAT-1 liver gold reference compounds: a mechanism-based review. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2099-133. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Li R, Qiao Z, Ling B, Lu P, Zhu Z. Incidence and molecular basis of CD36 deficiency in Shanghai population. Transfusion 2014; 55:666-73. [PMID: 25330908 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD36 is a multifunctional membrane receptor and is expressed in several cell lines. Individuals who lack platelet (PLT) CD36 are at risk for immunization against this antigen, leading to several clinical syndromes. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and molecular basis of CD36 deficiency in Shanghai. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Whole blood samples were collected from healthy blood donors, and the PLTs and monocytes were analyzed using flow cytometry to determine CD36 deficiency type. After genomic DNA was extracted, Exons 3 to 14 of CD36 gene including a part of relevant flanking introns were amplified. Direct nucleotide sequencing and sequence alignment were performed. The samples that showed mutations were confirmed by clonal sequencing. RESULTS Of the 1022 healthy blood donors analyzed, 22 individuals failed to express CD36 on PLTs; two of them expressed no CD36 on their monocytes either. These results demonstrated that the frequencies of Type I (lacking CD36 expression on PLTs and monocytes) and Type II (lacking CD36 expression on PLTs only) CD36 deficiency among the study population were 0.2 and 2.0%, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing analysis revealed nine different mutations including six mutations that were not yet reported. The most frequent mutations among the study population were 329-330delAC and 1228-1239delATTGTGCCTATT. CONCLUSION The study findings have confirmed the fact that the frequency of CD36 deficiency in the Chinese population is slightly lower than that in other Asian countries. The identification of several new mutation types indicated the polymorphism of CD36 gene in the Shanghai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
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Jordy AB, Serup AK, Karstoft K, Pilegaard H, Kiens B, Jeppesen J. Insulin sensitivity is independent of lipid binding protein trafficking at the plasma membrane in human skeletal muscle: effect of a 3-day, high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1136-45. [PMID: 25163924 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00124.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate lipid-induced regulation of lipid binding proteins in human skeletal muscle and the impact hereof on insulin sensitivity. Eleven healthy male subjects underwent a 3-day hypercaloric and high-fat diet regime. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after the diet intervention, and giant sarcolemmal vesicles were prepared. The high-fat diet induced decreased insulin sensitivity, but this was not associated with a relocation of FAT/CD36 or FABPpm protein to the sarcolemma. However, FAT/CD36 and FABPpm mRNA, but not the proteins, were upregulated by increased fatty acid availability. This suggests a time dependency in the upregulation of FAT/CD36 and FABPpm protein during high availability of plasma fatty acids. Furthermore, we did not detect FATP1 and FATP4 protein in giant sarcolemmal vesicles obtained from human skeletal muscle. In conclusion, this study shows that a short-term lipid-load increases mRNA content of key lipid handling proteins in human muscle. However, decreased insulin sensitivity after a high-fat diet is not accompanied with relocation of FAT/CD36 or FABPpm protein to the sarcolemma. Finally, FATP1 and FATP4 protein was located intracellularly but not at the sarcolemma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Jordy
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and CFAS, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Jacob Jeppesen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Gao R, Li H, Dunn T, Wu P, Smith RG, Sarkar PS, Fang X. Ethanol suppresses PGC-1α expression by interfering with the cAMP-CREB pathway in neuronal cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104247. [PMID: 25099937 PMCID: PMC4123904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol intoxication results in neuronal apoptosis, neurodegeneration and manifest with impaired balance, loss of muscle coordination and behavioral changes. One of the early events of alcohol intoxication is mitochondrial (Mt) dysfunction and disruption of intracellular redox homeostasis. The mechanisms by which alcohol causes Mt dysfunction, disrupts cellular redox homeostasis and triggers neurodegeneration remains to be further investigated. Proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) plays critical roles in regulating Mt biogenesis and respiration, cellular antioxidant defense mechanism, and maintenance of neuronal integrity and function. In this study, we sought to investigate whether alcohol causes Mt dysfunction and triggers neurodegeneration by suppressing PGC-1α expression. We report that ethanol suppresses PGC-1α expression, and impairs mitochondrial function and enhances cellular toxicity in cultured neuronal cell line and also in human fetal brain neural stem cell-derived primary neurons. Moreover, we report that cells over-expressing exogenous PGC-1α or treated with Rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, ameliorate alcohol-induced cellular toxicity. Further analysis show that ethanol decreases steady-state intracellular cAMP levels, and thus depletes phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB), the key transcription factor that regulates transcription of PGC-1α gene. Accordingly, we found PGC-1α promoter activity and transcription was dramatically repressed in neuronal cells when exposed to ethanol, suggesting that ethanol blunts cAMP→CREB signaling pathway to interfere with the transcription of PGC-1α. Ethanol-mediated decrease in PGC-1α activity results in the disruption of Mt respiration and function and higher cellular toxicity. This study might lead to potential therapeutic intervention to ameliorate alcohol-induced apoptosis and/or neurodegeneration by targeting PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Dunn
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Partha S. Sarkar
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yun YR, Kim HJ, Song YO. Kimchi methanol extract and the kimchi active compound, 3'-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid, downregulate CD36 in THP-1 macrophages stimulated by oxLDL. J Med Food 2014; 17:886-93. [PMID: 25010893 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage foam cell formation by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a key step in the progression of atherosclerosis, which is involved in cholesterol influx and efflux in macrophages mediated by related proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CD36, PPARα, liver-X receptor α (LXRα), and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of kimchi methanol extract (KME) and a kimchi active compound, 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA) on cholesterol flux in THP-1-derived macrophages treated with oxLDL. The effects of KME and HDMPPA on cell viability and lipid peroxidation were determined. Furthermore, the protein expression of PPARγ, CD36, PPARα, LXRα, and ABCA1 was examined. OxLDL strongly induced cell death and lipid peroxidation in THP-1-derived macrophages. However, KME and HDMPPA significantly improved cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by oxLDL in THP-1-derived macrophages (P<.05). Moreover, KME and HDMPPA suppressed CD36 and PPARγ expressions, both of which participate in cholesterol influx. In contrast, KME and HDMPPA augmented LXRα, PPARα, and ABCA1 expression, which are associated with cholesterol efflux. Consequently, KME and HDMPPA suppressed lipid accumulation. These results indicate that KME and HDMPPA may inhibit lipid accumulation, in part, by regulating cholesterol influx- and efflux-related proteins. These findings will thus be useful for future prevention strategies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Rang Yun
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
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Pietka TA, Schappe T, Conte C, Fabbrini E, Patterson BW, Klein S, Abumrad NA, Love-Gregory L. Adipose and muscle tissue profile of CD36 transcripts in obese subjects highlights the role of CD36 in fatty acid homeostasis and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1990-7. [PMID: 24784828 PMCID: PMC4067395 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is tightly regulated across several tissues and impacts insulin sensitivity. CD36 facilitates cellular FA uptake, and CD36 genetic variants associate with lipid abnormalities and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to gain insight regarding the in vivo metabolic influence of muscle and adipose tissue CD36. For this, we determined the relationships between CD36 alternative transcripts, which can reflect tissue-specific CD36 regulation, and measures of FA metabolism and insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The relative abundance of alternative CD36 transcripts in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from 53 nondiabetic obese subjects was measured and related to insulin sensitivity and FA metabolism assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and isotopic tracers for glucose and FA. RESULTS Transcript 1C, one of two major transcripts in adipose tissue, that is restricted to adipocytes predicted systemic and tissue (adipose, liver, and muscle) insulin sensitivity, suggesting adipocyte CD36 protects against insulin resistance. Transcripts 1B and 1A, the major transcripts in skeletal muscle, correlated with FA disposal rate and triglyceride clearance, supporting importance of muscle CD36 in clearance of circulating FA. Additionally, the common CD36 single nucleotide polymorphism rs1761667 selectively influenced CD36 transcripts and exacerbated insulin resistance of glucose disposal by muscle. CONCLUSIONS Alternative CD36 transcripts differentially influence tissue CD36 and consequently FA homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Adipocyte CD36 appears to be metabolically protective, and its selective upregulation might have therapeutic potential in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri A Pietka
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Elisa Fabbrini
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Samuel Klein
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Latisha Love-Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
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Ide T. Combined effect of sesamin and soybean phospholipid on hepatic fatty acid metabolism in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 54:210-8. [PMID: 24894022 PMCID: PMC4042142 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the combined effect of sesamin (1:1 mixture of sesamin and episesamine) and soybean phospholipid on lipid metabolism in rats. Male rats were fed diets supplemented with 0 or 2 g/kg sesamin, and containing 0 or 50 g/kg soybean phospholipid, for 19 days. Sesamin and soybean phospholipid decreased serum triacylglycerol concentrations and the combination of these compounds further decreased the parameter in an additive fashion. Soybean phospholipid but not sesamin reduced the hepatic concentration of triacylglycerol. The combination failed to cause a strong decrease in hepatic triacylglycerol concentration, presumably due to the up-regulation of Cd36 by sesamin. Combination of sesamin and soybean phospholipid decreased the activity and mRNA levels of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in an additive fashion. Sesamin strongly increased the parameters of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Soybean phospholipid increased hepatic activity of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase although it failed to affect the activity of other enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Sesamin strongly increased hepatic concentration of carnitine. Sesamin and soybean phospholipid combination further increased this parameter, accompanying a parallel increase in mRNA expression of carnitine transporter. These changes can account for the strong decrease in serum triacylglycerol in rats fed a diet containing both sesamin and soybean phospholipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ide
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
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Ge ZJ, Luo SM, Lin F, Liang QX, Huang L, Wei YC, Hou Y, Han ZM, Schatten H, Sun QY. DNA methylation in oocytes and liver of female mice and their offspring: effects of high-fat-diet-induced obesity. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:159-64. [PMID: 24316659 PMCID: PMC3915265 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity has adverse effects on oocyte quality, embryo development, and the health of the offspring. OBJECTIVES To understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for the negative effects of maternal obesity, we investigated the DNA methylation status of several imprinted genes and metabolism-related genes. METHODS Using a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of obesity, we analyzed the DNA methylation of several imprinted genes and metabolism-related genes in oocytes from control and obese dams and in oocytes and liver from their offspring. Analysis was performed using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS DNA methylation of imprinted genes in oocytes was not altered in either obese dams or their offspring; however, DNA methylation of metabolism-related genes was changed. In oocytes of obese mice, the DNA methylation level of the leptin (Lep) promoter was significantly increased and that of the Ppar-α promoter was reduced. Increased methylation of Lep and decreased methylation of Ppar-α was also observed in the liver of female offspring from dams fed the high-fat diet (OHFD). mRNA expression of Lep and Ppar-α was also significantly altered in the liver of these OHFD. In OHFD oocytes, the DNA methylation level of Ppar-α promoter was increased. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that DNA methylation patterns of several metabolism-related genes are changed not only in oocytes of obese mice but also in oocytes and liver of their offspring. These data may contribute to the understanding of adverse effects of maternal obesity on reproduction and health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Nakamura MT, Yudell BE, Loor JJ. Regulation of energy metabolism by long-chain fatty acids. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 53:124-44. [PMID: 24362249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when energy demands arise. This review mainly focuses on the role of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in regulating energy metabolism as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). PPAR-alpha expressed primarily in liver is essential for metabolic adaptation to starvation by inducing genes for beta-oxidation and ketogenesis and by downregulating energy expenditure through fibroblast growth factor 21. PPAR-delta is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and induces genes for LCFA oxidation during fasting and endurance exercise. PPAR-delta also regulates glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis by inducing FOXO1 and PGC1-alpha. Genes targeted by PPAR-gamma in adipocytes suggest that PPAR-gamma senses incoming non-esterified LCFAs and induces the pathways to store LCFAs as triglycerides. Adiponectin, another important target of PPAR-gamma may act as a spacer between adipocytes to maintain their metabolic activity and insulin sensitivity. Another topic of this review is effects of skin LCFAs on energy metabolism. Specific LCFAs are required for the synthesis of skin lipids, which are essential for water barrier and thermal insulation functions of the skin. Disturbance of skin lipid metabolism often causes apparent resistance to developing obesity at the expense of normal skin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu T Nakamura
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Barbara E Yudell
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Chen JH, Tsai CW, Wang CP, Lin HH. Anti-atherosclerotic potential of gossypetin via inhibiting LDL oxidation and foam cell formation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:313-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Driscoll WS, Vaisar T, Tang J, Wilson CL, Raines EW. Macrophage ADAM17 deficiency augments CD36-dependent apoptotic cell uptake and the linked anti-inflammatory phenotype. Circ Res 2013; 113:52-61. [PMID: 23584255 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.300683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Apoptotic cell phagocytosis (efferocytosis) is mediated by specific receptors and is essential for resolution of inflammation. In chronic inflammation, apoptotic cell clearance is dysfunctional and soluble levels of several apoptotic cell receptors are elevated. Reports have identified proteolytic cleavage as a mechanism capable of releasing soluble apoptotic cell receptors, but the functional implications of their proteolysis are unclear. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that ADAM17-mediated cleavage of apoptotic cell receptors limits efferocytosis in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo comparison of macrophage efferocytosis in wild-type and Adam17-null hematopoietic chimeras demonstrates that ADAM17 deficiency leads to a 60% increase in efferocytosis and an enhanced anti-inflammatory phenotype in a model of peritonitis. In vitro uptake of phosphatidylserine liposomes identifies the dual-pass apoptotic cell receptor CD36 as a major contributor to enhanced efferocytosis, and CD36 surface levels are elevated on macrophages from Adam17-null mice. Further, temporal elevation of CD36 expression with inflammation may also contribute to its impact. Soluble CD36 from macrophage-conditioned media comprises 2 species based on Western blotting, and mass spectrometry identifies 3 N-terminal peptides that represent probable cleavage sites. Levels of soluble CD36 are decreased in Adam17-null conditioned media, providing evidence for involvement of ADAM17 in CD36 cleavage. Importantly, enhanced efferocytosis in vivo by macrophages lacking ADAM17 is CD36 dependent and accelerates macrophage clearance from the peritoneum, thus promoting resolution of inflammation and highlighting the impact of increased apoptotic cell uptake. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate the importance of ADAM17-mediated proteolysis for in vivo efferocytosis regulation and suggest a possible mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and defective efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will S Driscoll
- Department of Pathology, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Benjamin S, Flotho S, Börchers T, Spener F. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and their precursor fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtypes and major peroxisome proliferator responsive element-bearing target genes in HepG2 cell model. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 14:115-23. [PMID: 23365010 PMCID: PMC3566404 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the induction profiles (as judged by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, β, γ subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional peroxisome proliferator responsive element (PPRE) in HepG2 cell model upon feeding with cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (9-CLA) or trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid (10-CLA) or their precursor fatty acids (FAs). HepG2 cells were treated with 100 μmol/L 9-CLA or 10-CLA or their precursor FAs, viz., oleic, linoleic, and trans-11-vaccenic acids against bezafibrate control to evaluate the induction/expression profiles of PPAR α, β, γ subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional PPRE, i.e., fatty acid transporter (FAT), glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2), liver-type FA binding protein (L-FABP), acyl CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX-1), and peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (PBE) with reference to β-actin as house keeping gene. Of the three housekeeping genes (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-actin, and ubiquitin), β-actin was found to be stable. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the common solubilizer of agonists, showed a significantly higher induction of genes analyzed. qRT-PCR profiles of CLAs and their precursor FAs clearly showed upregulation of FAT, GLUT-2, and L-FABP (~0.5-2.0-fold). Compared to 10-CLA, 9-CLA decreased the induction of the FA metabolizing gene ACOX-1 less than did PBE, while 10-CLA decreased the induction of PBE less than did ACOX-1. Both CLAs and precursor FAs upregulated PPRE-bearing genes, but with comparatively less or marginal activation of PPAR subtypes. This indicates that the binding of CLAs and their precursor FAs to PPAR subtypes results in PPAR activation, thereby induction of the target transporter genes coupled with downstream lipid metabolising genes such as ACOX-1 and PBE. To sum up, the expression profiles of these candidate genes showed that CLAs and their precursor FAs are involved in lipid signalling by modulating the PPAR α, β, or γ subtype for the indirect activation of the PPAR-target genes, which may in turn be responsible for the supposed health effects of CLA, and that care should be taken while calculating the actual fold induction values of candidate genes with reference to housekeeping gene and DMSO as they may impart false positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailas Benjamin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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