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Casciaro M, Gangemi S, Caramori G, Nucera F, Tuccari G, Ieni A. IL-33 immunohistochemical pattern of expression in neoplastic and nonneoplastic peripheral lung tissues of stage 1 o 2 lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155208. [PMID: 38359512 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
IL-33 is a multifaceted cytokine, plays a pivotal role in various biological processes, making it a subject of extensive research and intrigue in the field of immunology. This cytokine acts as a key regulator, effectively putting the brakes on proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), thereby modulating chromatin compaction by promoting nucleosome-to-nucleosome interactions. IL-33's influence extends to the realm of innate and acquired immunity through its binding to the membrane-bound ST2 molecule (ST2L) of the IL-33R complex, which is expressed on various immune cells, such as Th2 cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and dendritic cells. IL-33's role in inflammation is far from one-dimensional, as it has been found to have a dual role in inflammatory disorders. In the quest to understand the origins of IL-33, immunohistochemical examination of lung tissue samples from patients with adenocarcinoma could shed light on its presence in bronchial epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, in lung tissue cancerous lesions. For this reason, we conducted a pilot study about the immunohistochemical expression of IL-33 in surgical specimens of stage 1 o 2 lung adenocarcinoma received after lung resection surgery.Our results demonstrated that patients had nuclear IL-33 immunopositivity in the alveolar pneumocytes of the normal lung tissue at the periphery of lung adenocarcinoma specimen. Note the evident negativity of the neoplastic adenocarcinoma cells. Other data showed IL-33 nuclear immunoexpression in endothelial cells of intratumoral vascular structures.This finding could indicate that IL-33 might be involved in regulating blood vessel formation and maintenance within the tumor, which is a critical factor in tumor growth and progression.The presence of IL-33 in normal lung tissue and intratumoral vascular structures may be related to its physiological functions in these contexts, while its absence in neoplastic adenocarcinoma cells could indicate a potential loss of regulatory control, which might have implications for the development and progression of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, 9125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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2
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Liu L, Zheng W, Qian H, Zhao Z, Tian L, Song Y, Lei X, Zhao Z, Xue X, Zheng X. Over-expression of IL-33 enhances rabies virus early antigen presentations and cellular immune responses in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111005. [PMID: 37804656 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Human inactivated rabies virus (RABV) vaccines have been widely used worldwide over 30 years. The mechanisms of humoral immunity elicited by previously reported rabies candidate vaccines have been fully investigated, but little is known about the cellular immunity profiles. Herein, the recombinant RABV rLBNSE-IL-33 overexpressing the mouse interleukin-33 (IL-33) proliferated well in Neuro-2a cells and had no effects with the parent virus on growth kinetic in vitro and viral pathogenicity in mice. The rLBNSE-IL-33 experienced more antigen presentations by MHC-II on DCs and activated more CD4+ T cells which helped recruit more CD19+CD40+ B cells in blood and promote rapid and robust IgG1 antibodies responses at initial infection stage compared with the parent rLBNSE strain. Simultaneously, the rLBNSE-IL-33 were also presented by MHC-I to CD8+ T cells which contributed to produce high levels of IgG2a. The rLBNSE-IL-33 elicited significantly high levels of RABV-specific IFN-γ secreting memory CD4+ T cells, more RABV-specific IL-4 and IFN-γ secreting memory CD8+ T cells in spleens at early infection stage in mice. Altogether, overexpression of IL-33 in rLBNSE-IL-33 enhanced early antigen presentation, markedly promote CD4+, memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells-mediated responses and provided a 100 % protection from lethal RABV challenge in mice. These findings provided an alternative novel therapy and vaccine strategy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China; Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China; Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hua Qian
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276002, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaoying Lei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xianghong Xue
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China; Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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3
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Stojanovic B, Gajovic N, Jurisevic M, Stojanovic MD, Jovanovic M, Jovanovic I, Stojanovic BS, Milosevic B. Decoding the IL-33/ST2 Axis: Its Impact on the Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14026. [PMID: 37762328 PMCID: PMC10531367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has emerged as a critical cytokine in the regulation of the immune system, showing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. This review emphasizes the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in breast cancer biology, its contribution to cancer progression and metastasis, its influence on the tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism, and its potential as a therapeutic target. The IL-33/ST2 axis has been shown to have extensive pro-tumorigenic features in breast cancer, starting from tumor tissue proliferation and differentiation to modulating both cancer cells and anti-tumor immune response. It has also been linked to the resistance of cancer cells to conventional therapeutics. However, the role of IL-33 in cancer therapy remains controversial due to the conflicting effects of IL-33 in tumorigenesis and anti-tumor response. The possibility of targeting the IL-33/ST2 axis in tumor immunotherapy, or as an adjuvant in immune checkpoint blockade therapy, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Stojanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia (I.J.)
| | - Milena Jurisevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia (I.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Department of Otorinolaringology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia (I.J.)
| | - Bojana S. Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia (I.J.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojan Milosevic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
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Gaurav R, Poole JA. Interleukin (IL)-33 immunobiology in asthma and airway inflammatory diseases. J Asthma 2022; 59:2530-2538. [PMID: 34928757 PMCID: PMC9234100 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.2020815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify key features of IL-33 immunobiology important in allergic and nonallergic airway inflammatory diseases and potential therapeutic strategies to reduce disease burden. DATA SOURCES PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov. STUDY SELECTIONS A systematic and focused literature search was conducted of PubMed from March 2021 to December 2021 using keywords to either PubMed or BioMed Explorer including IL-33/ST2, genetic polymorphisms, transcription, translation, post-translation modification, nuclear protein, allergy, asthma, and lung disease. Clinical trial information on IL-33 was extracted from clinicaltrials.gov in August 2021. RESULTS In total, 72 publications with relevance to IL-33 immunobiology and/or clinical lung disease were identified (allergic airway inflammation/allergic asthma n = 26, non-allergic airway inflammation n = 9, COPD n = 8, lung fibrosis n = 10). IL-33 levels were higher in serum, BALF and/or lungs across inflammatory lung diseases. Eight studies described viral infections and IL-33 and 4 studies related to COVID-19. Mechanistic studies (n = 39) including transcript variants and post-translational modifications related to the immunobiology of IL-33. Single nucleotide polymorphism in IL-33 or ST2 were described in 9 studies (asthma n = 5, inflammatory bowel disease n = 1, mycosis fungoides n = 1, ankylosing spondylitis n = 1, coronary artery disease n = 1). Clinicaltrials.gov search yielded 84 studies of which 17 were related to therapeutic or biomarker relevance in lung disease. CONCLUSION An integral role of IL-33 in the pathogenesis of allergic and nonallergic airway inflammatory disease is evident with several emerging clinical trials investigating therapeutic approaches. Current data support a critical role of IL-33 in damage signaling, repair and regeneration of lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gaurav
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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5
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Emerging Effects of IL-33 on COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113656. [PMID: 36362440 PMCID: PMC9658128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 6 million people have lost their lives worldwide directly or indirectly. Despite intensified efforts to clarify the immunopathology of COVID-19, the key factors and processes that trigger an inflammatory storm and lead to severe clinical outcomes in patients remain unclear. As an inflammatory storm factor, IL-33 is an alarmin cytokine, which plays an important role in cell damage or infection. Recent studies have shown that serum IL-33 is upregulated in COVID-19 patients and is strongly associated with poor outcomes. Increased IL-33 levels in severe infections may result from an inflammatory storm caused by strong interactions between activated immune cells. However, the effects of IL-33 in COVID-19 and the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we systematically discuss the biological properties of IL-33 under pathophysiological conditions and its regulation of immune cells, including neutrophils, innate lymphocytes (ILCs), dendritic cells, macrophages, CD4+ T cells, Th17/Treg cells, and CD8+ T cells, in COVID-19 phagocytosis. The aim of this review is to explore the potential value of the IL-33/immune cell pathway as a new target for early diagnosis, monitoring of severe cases, and clinical treatment of COVID-19.
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Guo Y, Mei Z, Li D, Banerjee A, Khalil MA, Burke A, Ritter J, Lau C, Kreisel D, Gelman AE, Jacobsen E, Luzina IG, Atamas SP, Krupnick AS. Ischemia reperfusion injury facilitates lung allograft acceptance through IL-33-mediated activation of donor-derived IL-5 producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1963-1975. [PMID: 35510760 PMCID: PMC9357103 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pathways regulating lung alloimmune responses differ from most other solid organs and remain poorly explored. Based on our recent work identifying the unique role of eosinophils in downregulating lung alloimmunity, we sought to define pathways contributing to eosinophil migration and homeostasis. Using a murine lung transplant model, we have uncovered that immunosuppression increases eosinophil infiltration into the allograft in an IL-5-dependent manner. IL-5 production depends on immunosuppression-mediated preservation of donor-derived group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). We further describe that ischemia reperfusion injury upregulates the expression of IL-33, which functions as the dominant and nonredundant mediator of IL-5 production by graft-resident ILC2. Our work thus identifies unique cellular mechanisms that contribute to lung allograft acceptance. Notably, ischemia reperfusion injury, widely considered to be solely deleterious to allograft survival, can also downregulate alloimmune responses by initiating unique pathways that promote IL-33/IL-5/eosinophil-mediated tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhan Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Zhongcheng Mei
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Dongge Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - May A. Khalil
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Allen Burke
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Jon Ritter
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
| | - Christine Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
| | - Elizabeth Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Irina G. Luzina
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Sergei P. Atamas
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
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7
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Yeoh WJ, Vu VP, Krebs P. IL-33 biology in cancer: An update and future perspectives. Cytokine 2022; 157:155961. [PMID: 35843125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that is constitutively expressed in the nucleus of epithelial, endothelial and fibroblast-like cells. Upon cell stress, damage or necrosis, IL-33 is released into the cytoplasm to exert its prime role as an alarmin by binding to its specific receptor moiety, ST2. IL-33 exhibits pleiotropic function in inflammatory diseases and particularly in cancer. IL-33 may play a dual role as both a pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokine, dependent on tumor and cellular context, expression levels, bioactivity and the nature of the inflammatory environment. In this review, we discuss the differential contribution of IL-33 to malignant or inflammatory conditions, its multifaceted effects on the tumor microenvironment, while providing possible explanations for the discrepant findings described in the literature. Additionally, we examine the emerging and divergent functions of IL-33 in the nucleus, and aspects of IL-33 biology that are currently under-addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Yeoh
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivian P Vu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Gandhi VD, Cephus JY, Norlander AE, Chowdhury NU, Zhang J, Ceneviva ZJ, Tannous E, Polosukhin VV, Putz ND, Wickersham N, Singh A, Ware LB, Bastarache JA, Shaver CM, Chu HW, Peebles RS, Newcomb DC. Androgen receptor signaling promotes Treg suppressive function during allergic airway inflammation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153397. [PMID: 35025767 PMCID: PMC8843736 DOI: 10.1172/jci153397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have higher prevalence of asthma compared with men. In asthma, allergic airway inflammation is initiated by IL-33 signaling through ST2, leading to increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production and eosinophil infiltration. Foxp3+ Tregs suppress and ST2+ Tregs promote allergic airway inflammation. Clinical studies showed that the androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) reduced asthma symptoms in patients, and mouse studies showed that androgen receptor (AR) signaling decreased allergic airway inflammation. Yet the impact of AR signaling on lung Tregs remains unclear. Using AR-deficient and Foxp3 fate-mapping mice, we determined that AR signaling increased Treg suppression during Alternaria extract (Alt Ext; allergen) challenge by stabilizing Foxp3+ Tregs and limiting the number of ST2+ ex-Tregs and IL-13+ Th2 cells and ex-Tregs. AR signaling also decreased Alt Ext-induced ST2+ Tregs in mice by limiting expression of Gata2, a transcription factor for ST2, and by decreasing Alt Ext-induced IL-33 production from murine airway epithelial cells. We confirmed our findings in human cells where 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), an androgen, decreased IL-33-induced ST2 expression in lung Tregs and decreased Alt Ext-induced IL-33 secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells. Our findings showed that AR signaling stabilized Treg suppressive function, providing a mechanism for the sex difference in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nowrin U. Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amrit Singh
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Hong Wei Chu
- National Jewish Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - R. Stokes Peebles
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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9
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The role of pro-domains in human growth factors and cytokines. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1963-1973. [PMID: 34495310 PMCID: PMC8589418 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many growth factors and cytokines are produced as larger precursors, containing pro-domains, that require proteolytic processing to release the bioactive ligand. These pro-domains can be significantly larger than the mature domains and can play an active role in the regulation of the ligands. Mining the UniProt database, we identified almost one hundred human growth factors and cytokines with pro-domains. These are spread across several unrelated protein families and vary in both their size and composition. The precise role of each pro-domain varies significantly between the protein families. Typically they are critical for controlling bioactivity and protein localisation, and they facilitate diverse mechanisms of activation. Significant gaps in our understanding remain for pro-domain function — particularly their fate once the bioactive ligand has been released. Here we provide an overview of pro-domain roles in human growth factors and cytokines, their processing, regulation and activation, localisation as well as therapeutic potential.
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10
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Zheng J, Yao L, Zhou Y, Gu X, Wang C, Bao K, Sun Y, Hong M. A novel function of NLRP3 independent of inflammasome as a key transcription factor of IL-33 in epithelial cells of atopic dermatitis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:871. [PMID: 34561424 PMCID: PMC8463682 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions. Interleukin (IL)-33, a cytokine of the IL-1 family, was found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. As a key component of the inflammasome, NLRP3 has been mostly described in myeloid cells that to mediate inflammasome activation conducted proinflammatory cytokine production of the IL-1 family. However, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as IL-33 processing are highly controversial. Whether NLRP3 can mediate IL-33 expression and secretion independently of the inflammasome in the epithelium of AD has remained unclear. In this article, we found the mRNA expression of Il33 and Nlrp3 were notably increased in the lesional skin of AD patients compared to healthy controls. We then found a significant positive correlation between the expression of Nlrp3 and Il33 in the epithelium of MC903-mediated AD mice model, but no changes were observed for Il36α, Il36γ, Il1β, or Il18 mRNA expression, as well as IL-1β or IL-18 production. Overexpression of NLRP3 in human immortalized epithelial cells increased IL-33 expression, whereas siRNA targeting NLRP3 abolished IL-33 expression. In addition, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation or caspase-1 activity with MCC950 or VX-765 showed no effect on the expression and secretion of IL-33 in AD mice. Unlike myeloid cells, NLRP3 predominantly located in the nucleus of epithelial cells, which could directly bind to Il33 specific-promoters and transactivate it through an interaction with transcription factor IRF4. Furthermore, NLRP3 deficient mice exhibited a significant alleviated epidermis inflammation and decreased mRNA expression and secretion of IL-33 in MC903-mediated AD mice without interfering with TSLP and IL-1β production. Our results demonstrate a novel ability of NLRP3 to function as a crucial transcription factor of IL-33 in epithelium independently of inflammasome that to mediate the pathological process of AD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcitriol/analogs & derivatives
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HaCaT Cells
- Humans
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Interleukin-33/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/deficiency
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoqun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Can Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kaifan Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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11
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The Janus Face of IL-33 Signaling in Tumor Development and Immune Escape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133281. [PMID: 34209038 PMCID: PMC8268428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is often released from damaged cells, acting as a danger signal. IL-33 exerts its function by interacting with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) that is constitutively expressed on most immune cells. Therefore, IL-33/ST2 signaling can modulate immune responses to participate actively in a variety of pathological conditions, such as cancer. Like a two-faced Janus, which faces opposite directions, IL-33/ST2 signaling may play contradictory roles on its impact on cancer progression through both immune and nonimmune cellular components. Accumulating evidence demonstrates both pro- and anti-tumorigenic properties of IL-33, depending on the complex nature of different tumor immune microenvironments. We summarize and discuss the most recent studies on the contradictory effects of IL-33 on cancer progression and treatment, with a goal to better understanding the various ways for IL-33 as a therapeutic target. Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis as well as pathological conditions, such as allergy, infectious disease, and cancer, by promoting type 1 and 2 immune responses. Through its specific receptor ST2, IL-33 exerts multifaceted functions through the activation of diverse intracellular signaling pathways. ST2 is expressed in different types of immune cells, including Th2 cells, Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), cytotoxic NK cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and myeloid cells. During cancer initiation and progression, the aberrant regulation of the IL-33/ST2 axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) extrinsically and intrinsically mediates immune editing via modulation of both innate and adaptive immune cell components. The summarized results in this review suggest that IL-33 exerts dual-functioning, pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the tumor type, expression levels, cellular context, and cytokine milieu. A better understanding of the distinct roles of IL-33 in epithelial, stromal, and immune cell compartments will benefit the development of a targeting strategy for this IL-33/ST2 axis for cancer immunotherapy.
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Andreone S, Gambardella AR, Mancini J, Loffredo S, Marcella S, La Sorsa V, Varricchi G, Schiavoni G, Mattei F. Anti-Tumorigenic Activities of IL-33: A Mechanistic Insight. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571593. [PMID: 33329534 PMCID: PMC7734277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an epithelial-derived cytokine that can be released upon tissue damage, stress, or infection, acting as an alarmin for the immune system. IL-33 has long been studied in the context of Th2-related immunopathologies, such as allergic diseases and parasitic infections. However, its capacity to stimulate also Th1-type of immune responses is now well established. IL-33 binds to its specific receptor ST2 expressed by most immune cell populations, modulating a variety of responses. In cancer immunity, IL-33 can display both pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral functions, depending on the specific microenvironment. Recent findings indicate that IL-33 can effectively stimulate immune effector cells (NK and CD8+ T cells), eosinophils, basophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) promoting direct and indirect anti-tumoral activities. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances on anti-tumor immune mechanisms operated by IL-33, including the modulation of immune checkpoint molecules, with the aim to understand its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Mancini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Marcella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina La Sorsa
- Research Coordination and Support Service, CoRI, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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13
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Li W, Li Y, Jin J. The essential function of IL-33 in metabolic regulation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:768-775. [PMID: 32445465 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is produced by various types of cells under physical or pathological conditions. As a multifunctional partner in health and disease, current evidence reveals that IL-33 also participates in several metabolic processes. IL-33 has been proven to contribute to regulating the activity of ST2+ group 2 innate lymphoid cells and regulatory T cells in adipose, which leads to the shift of insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance in glucose metabolism, thermogenesis, and adipocyte beiging in adipose metabolism. In this review, we briefly summarize the biological characteristics of Il-33 and discuss its regulatory function in glucose and adipose metabolism. By clarifying the underlying mechanism of IL-33, we highlight the crosstalk between immune response and metabolic processes mediated by IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiyuan Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin Jin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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14
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The role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in autoimmune disorders: Friend or foe? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:60-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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The ST2/Interleukin-33 Axis in Hematologic Malignancies: The IL-33 Paradox. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205226. [PMID: 31652497 PMCID: PMC6834139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a chromatin-related nuclear interleukin that is a component of IL-1 family. IL-33 production augments the course of inflammation after cell damage or death. It is discharged into the extracellular space. IL-33 is regarded as an “alarmin” able to stimulate several effectors of the immune system, regulating numerous immune responses comprising cancer immune reactions. IL-33 has been demonstrated to influence tumorigenesis. However, as far as this cytokine is concerned, we are faced with what has sometimes been defined as the IL-33 paradox. Several studies have demonstrated a relevant role of IL-33 to numerous malignancies, where it may have pro- and—less frequently—antitumorigenic actions. In the field of hematological malignancies, the role of IL-33 seems even more complex. Although we can affirm the existence of a negative role of IL-33 in Chronic myelogenos leukemia (CML) and in lymphoproliferative diseases and a positive role in pathologies such as Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the action of IL-33 seems to be multiple and sometimes contradictory within the same pathology. In the future, we will have to learn to govern the negative aspects of activating the IL-33/ST2 axis and exploit the positive ones.
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Holgado A, Braun H, Van Nuffel E, Detry S, Schuijs MJ, Deswarte K, Vergote K, Haegman M, Baudelet G, Haustraete J, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Savvides SN, Afonina IS, Beyaert R. IL-33trap is a novel IL-33-neutralizing biologic that inhibits allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:204-215. [PMID: 30876911 PMCID: PMC7610802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of IL-33 as a key molecular player in the development and propagation of widespread inflammatory diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis, has established the need for effective IL-33-neutralizing biologics. OBJECTIVE Here we describe the development and validation of a new antagonist of IL-33, termed IL-33trap, which combines the extracellular domains of the IL-33 receptor (ST2) and its coreceptor, IL-1 receptor accessory protein, into a single fusion protein. METHODS We produced and purified recombinant IL-33trap from human cells and analyzed its IL-33-binding affinity and IL-33 antagonistic activity in cultured cells and mice. IL-33trap activity was also benchmarked with a recombinant soluble ST2 corresponding to the naturally occurring IL-33 decoy receptor. Finally, we studied the effect of IL-33trap in the Alternaria alternata mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS In vitro IL-33trap binds IL-33 and inhibits IL-33 activity to a much stronger degree than soluble ST2. Furthermore, IL-33trap inhibits eosinophil infiltration, splenomegaly, and production of signature cytokines in splenic lymphocytes and lung tissue on IL-33 injection. Finally, administration of IL-33trap at the time of allergen challenge inhibits inflammatory responses in a preclinical mouse model of acute allergic airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS IL-33trap is a novel IL-33 antagonist that outperforms the natural IL-33 decoy receptor and shows anti-inflammatory activities in a preclinical mouse model of acute allergic airway inflammation when administered at the time of allergen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Holgado
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Harald Braun
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Nuffel
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sammy Detry
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Vergote
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mira Haegman
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Baudelet
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Haustraete
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Protein Service Facility, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inna S Afonina
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Long-Acting IL-33 Mobilizes High-Quality Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells More Efficiently Than Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor or AMD3100. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:1475-1485. [PMID: 31163266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has become increasingly important for hematopoietic cell transplantation. Current mobilization approaches are insufficient because they fail to mobilize sufficient numbers of cells in a significant fraction of patients and are biased toward myeloid immune reconstitution. A novel, single drug mobilization agent that allows a more balanced (myeloid and lymphoid) reconstitution would therefore be highly favorable to improve transplantation outcome. In this present study, we tested commercially available IL-33 molecules and engineered novel variants of IL-33. These molecules were tested in cell-based assays in vitro and in mobilization models in vivo. We observed for the first time that IL-33 treatment in mice mobilized HSPCs and common myeloid progenitors more efficiently than clinical mobilizing agents granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or AMD3100. We engineered several oxidation-resistant IL-33 variants with equal or better in vitro activity. In vivo, these variants mobilized HSPCs and, interestingly, also hematopoietic stem cells, common lymphoid progenitor cells, and endothelial progenitor cells more efficiently than wild-type IL-33 or G-CSF. We then engineered an IL-33-Fc fusion molecule, a single dose of which was sufficient to significantly increase the mobilization of HSPCs after 4 days. In conclusion, our findings suggest that long-acting, oxidation-resistant IL-33 may be a novel approach for HSPC transplantation. IL-33-mobilized HSPCs differ from cells mobilized with G-CSF and AMD3100, and it is possible that these differences may result in better transplantation outcomes.
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19
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Gabryelska A, Kuna P, Antczak A, Białasiewicz P, Panek M. IL-33 Mediated Inflammation in Chronic Respiratory Diseases-Understanding the Role of the Member of IL-1 Superfamily. Front Immunol 2019; 10:692. [PMID: 31057533 PMCID: PMC6477074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is an alarmin cytokine from the IL-1 family. IL-33 is localized in the nucleus and acts there as a gene regulator. Following injury, stress or cell death, it is released from the nucleus, and exerts its pro-inflammatory biological functions via the transmembrane form of the ST2 receptor, which is present mainly as attached to immune cells. In recent years, IL-33 became a focus of many studies due to its possible role in inflammatory disorders. Among respiratory disorders, the contribution of IL-33 to the development of asthma, in particular, has been most identified. Increased level of IL-33 in lung epithelial cells and blood serum has been observed in asthma patients. The IL-33/ST2 interaction activated the Th2 mediated immune response and further production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-33 gene cause a predisposition to the development of asthma. Similarly, in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD), both increased expression of IL-33 and the ST2 receptor has been observed. Interestingly, cigarette smoke, a key inducer of COPD, not only activates IL-33 production by epithelial and endothelial cells, but also induces the expression of IL-33 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Knowledge regarding its contribution in other respiratory disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, remains greatly limited. Recently it was shown that IL-33 is one of the inflammatory mediators by which levels in blood serum are increased in OSA patients, compared to healthy control patients. This mini review summarizes current knowledge on IL-33 involvement in chosen chronic respiratory disorders and proposes this interleukin as a possible link in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Adam Antczak
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Michał Panek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
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Roan F, Obata-Ninomiya K, Ziegler SF. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines: more than just signaling the alarm. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1441-1451. [PMID: 30932910 DOI: 10.1172/jci124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell-derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 are central regulators of type 2 immunity, which drives a broad array of allergic responses. Often characterized as "alarmins" that are released by the barrier epithelium in response to external insults, these epithelial cell-derived cytokines were initially thought to act only early in allergic inflammation. Indeed, TSLP can condition dendritic cells to initiate type 2 responses, and IL-33 may influence susceptibility to asthma through its role in establishing the immune environment in the perinatal lungs. However, TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 all regulate a broad spectrum of innate immune cell populations and are particularly potent in eliciting and activating type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that may act throughout allergic inflammation. Recent data suggest that a TSLP/ILC axis may mediate steroid resistance in asthma. Recent identification of memory Th2 cell subsets that are characterized by high receptor expression for TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 further supports a role for these cytokines in allergic exacerbations. There is therefore growing interest in developing biologics that target TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. This Review provides an overview of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 and the development of blocking antibodies that target these epithelial cell-derived cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Roan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and
| | | | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Afferni C, Buccione C, Andreone S, Galdiero MR, Varricchi G, Marone G, Mattei F, Schiavoni G. The Pleiotropic Immunomodulatory Functions of IL-33 and Its Implications in Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2601. [PMID: 30483263 PMCID: PMC6242976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a IL-1 family member of cytokines exerting pleiotropic activities. In the steady-state, IL-33 is expressed in the nucleus of epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast-like cells acting as a nuclear protein. In response to tissue damage, infections or necrosis IL-33 is released in the extracellular space, where it functions as an alarmin for the immune system. Its specific receptor ST2 is expressed by a variety of immune cell types, resulting in the stimulation of a wide range of immune reactions. Recent evidences suggest that different IL-33 isoforms exist, in virtue of proteolytic cleavage or alternative mRNA splicing, with potentially different biological activity and functions. Although initially studied in the context of allergy, infection, and inflammation, over the past decade IL-33 has gained much attention in cancer immunology. Increasing evidences indicate that IL-33 may have opposing functions, promoting, or dampening tumor immunity, depending on the tumor type, site of expression, and local concentration. In this review we will cover the biological functions of IL-33 on various immune cell subsets (e.g., T cells, NK, Treg cells, ILC2, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, mast cells, DCs, and macrophages) that affect anti-tumor immune responses in experimental and clinical cancers. We will also discuss the possible implications of diverse IL-33 mutations and isoforms in the anti-tumor activity of the cytokine and as possible clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Afferni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Buccione
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Hong J, Kim S, Lin PC. Interleukin-33 and ST2 Signaling in Tumor Microenvironment. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 39:61-71. [PMID: 30256696 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is one of the members of the IL-1 family of cytokines and a ligand of ST2 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) that is known to affect Th2 inflammatory response with partial effects on Th1 responses. This cytokine is released by epithelial and smooth muscle cells of the airway system during their injury by several environmental stimuli, such as allergens, viruses, helminths, and pollutants. IL-33 is an alarmin that acts as an endogenous danger signal, and it has been known to affect various types of cells, such as mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, T cells, and specific subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). In recent findings, this cytokine is believed to have a critical role in several types of cancers, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, and head and neck squamous cell cancer. The expression of IL-33/ST2 in cancer tissues shows a close association with tumor growth and tumor progression in several types of cancer, suggesting the IL-33/ST2 pathway as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Hong
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Soohyun Kim
- 2 Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - P Charles Lin
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
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The Role of IL-33/ST2 Pathway in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092676. [PMID: 30205617 PMCID: PMC6164146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is initiated by mutations in critical regulatory genes; however, its progression to malignancy is aided by non-neoplastic cells and molecules that create a permissive environment known as the tumor stroma or microenvironment (TME). Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a dual function cytokine that also acts as a nuclear factor. IL-33 typically resides in the nucleus of the cells where it is expressed. However, upon tissue damage, necrosis, or injury, it is quickly released into extracellular space where it binds to its cognate receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2)L found on the membrane of target cells to potently activate a T Helper 2 (Th2) immune response, thus, it is classified as an alarmin. While its role in immunity and immune-related disorders has been extensively studied, its role in tumorigenesis is only beginning to be elucidated and has revealed opposing roles in tumor development. The IL-33/ST2 axis is emerging as a potent modulator of the TME. By recruiting a cohort of immune cells, it can remodel the TME to promote malignancy or impose tumor regression. Here, we review its multiple functions in various cancers to better understand its potential as a therapeutic target to block tumor progression or as adjuvant therapy to enhance the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies.
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Interleukin 33 regulates gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells independently of its nuclear localization. Cytokine 2018; 111:146-153. [PMID: 30145369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL33) is a cytokine found in the extracellular space (mature IL33) or in the cell nucleus (full-length IL33). Nuclear accumulation of IL33 has been reported in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) during intestinal inflammation and cancer, but a functional role for this nuclear form remains unclear. To study the role of nuclear IL33 in IEC, we generated transgenic mice expressing full-length IL33 in the intestinal epithelium (Vfl33 mice). Expression of full-length IL33 in the epithelium resulted in accumulation of IL33 protein in the nucleus and secretion of IL33. Over-expression of full-length IL33 by IEC did not promote gut inflammation, but induced expression of genes in the IEC and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) that correlated negatively with genes expressed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Because the IL33 receptor ST2 is expressed by IEC, there was the potential that both the mature and full-length forms could mediate this effect. To specifically interrogate the transcriptional role of nuclear IL33, we intercrossed the Vfl33 mice with ST2- deficient mice. ST2 deficiency completely abrogated the transcriptional effects elicited by IL33 expression, suggesting that the transcriptional effects of IL33 on IEC are mediated by its mature, not its nuclear form.
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Pinto SM, Subbannayya Y, Rex DAB, Raju R, Chatterjee O, Advani J, Radhakrishnan A, Keshava Prasad TS, Wani MR, Pandey A. A network map of IL-33 signaling pathway. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:615-624. [PMID: 29705949 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that play a central role in the regulation of immune responses. Its release from epithelial and endothelial cells is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell damage and by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The activity of IL-33 is mediated by binding to the IL-33 receptor complex (IL-33R) and activation of NF-κB signaling via the classical MyD88/IRAK/TRAF6 module. IL-33 also induces the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and PI3K/AKT signaling modules resulting in the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Aberrant signaling by IL-33 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis among others. Considering the biomedical importance of IL-33, we developed a pathway resource of signaling events mediated by IL-33/IL-33R in this study. Using data mined from the published literature, we describe an integrated pathway reaction map of IL-33/IL-33R consisting of 681 proteins and 765 reactions. These include information pertaining to 19 physical interaction events, 740 enzyme catalysis events, 6 protein translocation events, 4 activation/inhibition events, 9 transcriptional regulators and 2492 gene regulation events. The pathway map is publicly available through NetPath ( http://www.netpath.org /), a resource of human signaling pathways developed previously by our group. This resource will provide a platform to the scientific community in facilitating identification of novel therapeutic targets for diseases associated with dysregulated IL-33 signaling. Database URL: http://www.netpath.org/pathways?path_id=NetPath_120 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha M Pinto
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India. .,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Computational Biology Group, Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Oishi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mohan R Wani
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India. .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India. .,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733, N Broadway, MRB 527, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Dichotomous function of IL-33 in health and disease: From biology to clinical implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 148:238-252. [PMID: 29309756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a cytokine that is released from epithelial and endothelial cells at barrier surfaces upon tissue stress or damage to operate as an alarmin. IL-33 has been primarily implicated in the induction of T helper (Th) 2 type immune responses. Therefore, IL-33 has attracted a lot of interest as a potential therapeutic target in asthma and other allergic diseases. Over the years, it has become clear that IL-33 has a much broader activity and also contributes to Th1 immunity, expanding the possibilities for therapeutic modulation of IL-33 activity to multiple inflammatory diseases. However, more recently IL-33 has also been shown to mediate immunosuppression and tissue repair by activating regulatory T cells (Treg) and promoting M2 macrophage polarization. These pleiotropic activities of IL-33 illustrate the need for a tight molecular regulation of IL-33 activity, and have to be taken into account when IL-33 or its receptor is targeted for therapeutic modulation. Here we review the multiple molecular mechanisms that regulate IL-33 activity and describe how IL-33 can shape innate and adaptive immune responses by promoting Th1, Th2 and Treg function. Finally, we will discuss the possibilities for therapeutic modulation of IL-33 signaling as well as possible safety issues.
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27
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Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology because the IL-1 family and Toll-like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is primarily associated with innate immunity. More than 95% of living organisms use innate immune mechanisms for survival whereas less than 5% depend on T- and B-cell functions. Innate immunity is manifested by inflammation, which can function as a mechanism of host defense but when uncontrolled is detrimental to survival. Each member of the IL-1 receptor and TLR family contains the cytoplasmic Toll-IL-1-Receptor (TIR) domain. The 50 amino acid TIR domains are highly homologous with the Toll protein in Drosophila. The TIR domain is nearly the same and present in each TLR and each IL-1 receptor family. Whereas IL-1 family cytokine members trigger innate inflammation via IL-1 family of receptors, TLRs trigger inflammation via bacteria, microbial products, viruses, nucleic acids, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In fact, IL-1 family member IL-1a and IL-33 also function as DAMPs. Although the inflammatory properties of the IL-1 family dominate in innate immunity, IL-1 family member can play a role in acquired immunity. This overview is a condensed update of the IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Liu T, Barrett NA, Kanaoka Y, Yoshimoto E, Garofalo D, Cirka H, Feng C, Boyce JA. Type 2 Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptors Drive IL-33-Dependent Type 2 Immunopathology and Aspirin Sensitivity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:915-927. [PMID: 29282304 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) facilitate mucosal type 2 immunopathology by incompletely understood mechanisms. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, a severe asthma subtype, is characterized by exaggerated eosinophilic respiratory inflammation and reactions to aspirin, each involving the marked overproduction of cysLTs. Here we demonstrate that the type 2 cysLT receptor (CysLT2R), which is not targeted by available drugs, is required in two different models to amplify eosinophilic airway inflammation via induced expression of IL-33 by lung epithelial cells. Endogenously generated cysLTs induced eosinophilia and expanded group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease-like Ptges-/- mice. These responses were mitigated by deletions of either Cysltr2 or leukotriene C4 synthase (Ltc4s). Administrations of either LTC4 (the parent cysLT) or the selective CysLT2R agonist N-methyl LTC4 to allergen sensitized wild-type mice markedly boosted ILC2 expansion and IL-5/IL-13 generation in a CysLT2R-dependent manner. Expansion of ILC2s and IL-5/IL-13 generation reflected CysLT2R-dependent production of IL-33 by alveolar type 2 cells, which engaged in a bilateral feed-forward loop with ILC2s. Deletion of Cysltr1 blunted LTC4-induced ILC2 expansion and eosinophilia but did not alter IL-33 induction. Pharmacological blockade of CysLT2R prior to inhalation challenge of Ptges-/- mice with aspirin blocked IL-33-dependent mast cell activation, mediator release, and changes in lung function. Thus, CysLT2R signaling, IL-33-dependent ILC2 expansion, and IL-33-driven mast cell activation are necessary for induction of type 2 immunopathology and aspirin sensitivity. CysLT2R-targeted drugs may interrupt these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eri Yoshimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Denise Garofalo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Haley Cirka
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Chunli Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; .,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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29
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Cayrol C, Girard JP. Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:154-168. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cayrol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
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30
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Ueda Y, Komine M, Kamiya K, Tsuda H, Maekawa T, Murata S, Ohtsuki M. Generalized pustular psoriasis in a 92-year-old man with a homozygous nonsense mutation in IL36RN. J Dermatol 2017; 45:326-328. [PMID: 29215143 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 92-year-old man developed an erythematous eruption on the trunk and extremities with numerous pustules accompanied by fever. He had never experienced pustular eruption or been diagnosed with psoriasis previously. Skin biopsy revealed Kogoj's spongiform pustule, and he was diagnosed with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). Genomic DNA was extracted from his peripheral blood and the sequence of IL36RN gene was analyzed, which revealed a p.Arg10X homozygous mutation. Several cases of elderly-onset GPP have been reported, however, this is the oldest case of GPP. The existence of splice variants of IL36RN was suspected, but we could not detect any splice variants of IL36RN in this case or in a healthy control from peripheral blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Ueda
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Koji Kamiya
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Takeo Maekawa
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Satoru Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mamitaro Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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31
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Du LX, Wang YQ, Hua GQ, Mi WL. IL-33/ST2 Pathway as a Rational Therapeutic Target for CNS Diseases. Neuroscience 2017; 369:222-230. [PMID: 29175156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the interleukin-1 cytokine family that is produced by many different types of tissues including the central nervous system (CNS). IL-33 mediates its effects via its heterodimeric receptor complex, comprised of ST2 and the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcp). As a pleiotropic nuclear cytokine, IL-33 is a crucial factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, allergic diseases, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Recently, accumulated evidence shows that the IL-33/ST2 axis plays a crucial and diverse role in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, infectious diseases, traumatic CNS injury, chronic pain, etc. In this review, we discuss the recent findings in the cellular signaling of IL-33 and advancement of the role of IL-33 in several CNS diseases, as well as its therapeutic potential for the treatment of those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Academy of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Academy of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Hua
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Academy of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Lock FE, Babaian A, Zhang Y, Gagnier L, Kuah S, Weberling A, Karimi MM, Mager DL. A novel isoform of IL-33 revealed by screening for transposable element promoted genes in human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180659. [PMID: 28715472 PMCID: PMC5513427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remnants of ancient transposable elements (TEs) are abundant in mammalian genomes. These sequences contain multiple regulatory motifs and hence are capable of influencing expression of host genes. TEs are known to be released from epigenetic repression and can become transcriptionally active in cancer. Such activation could also lead to lineage-inappropriate activation of oncogenes, as previously described in lymphomas. However, there are few reports of this mechanism occurring in non-blood cancers. Here, we re-analyzed whole transcriptome data from a large cohort of patients with colon cancer, compared to matched normal colon control samples, to detect genes or transcripts ectopically expressed through activation of TE promoters. Among many such transcripts, we identified six where the affected gene has described role in cancer and where the TE-driven gene mRNA is expressed in primary colon cancer, but not normal matched tissue, and confirmed expression in colon cancer-derived cell lines. We further characterized a TE-gene chimeric transcript involving the Interleukin 33 (IL-33) gene (termed LTR-IL-33), that is ectopically expressed in a subset of colon cancer samples through the use of an endogenous retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter of the MSTD family. The LTR-IL-33 chimeric transcript encodes a novel shorter isoform of the protein, which is missing the initial N-terminus (including many conserved residues) of Native IL-33. In vitro studies showed that LTR-IL-33 expression is required for optimal CRC cell line growth as 3D colonospheres. Taken together, these data demonstrate the significance of TEs as regulators of aberrant gene expression in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E. Lock
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Artem Babaian
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ying Zhang
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liane Gagnier
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Kuah
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Antonia Weberling
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammad M. Karimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/Université de Strasbourg/CNRS/INSERM, France
| | - Dixie L. Mager
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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33
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Kim E, Kwak A, Jhun H, Lee S, Jo S, Lee J, Kang TB, Her E, Bae S, Lee Y, Kim S. Development of an interleukin (IL)-33 sandwich ELISA kit specific for mature IL-33. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2017; 37:585-96. [PMID: 27092422 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1179645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is an inflammatory cytokine and belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines. There are eleven members of the IL-1 family of cytokines and all have important roles in host defense against infections. Their levels are increased during infection and in various auto-inflammatory diseases. IL-33 is also associated with autoimmune diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. IL-33 receptors consist of IL-1R4 and IL-1R3 to induce both Th1 and Th2 type immune response. Here we present the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human mature IL-33. Recombinant human mature IL-33 protein was expressed in E. coli and purified by multi-step affinity chromatography. The human IL-33 activity was examined in HMC-1 and Raw 264.7 cells. Mice were immunized with the biologically active mature IL-33 to generate mAb against IL-33. The anti-IL-33 mAb (clone/4) was used as a capture antibody for a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This assay detects mature IL-33 with a high sensitivity (80 pg/mL) but does not recognize the biologically inactive precursor IL-33. This article describes the methods for a newly developed IL-33 ELISA kit that is specific for mature IL-33 and may be used to analyze bioactive mature IL-33 in various immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsom Kim
- a Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Areum Kwak
- a Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea.,b College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- a Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea.,b College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- a Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jo
- a Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea.,b College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- a Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Tae-Bong Kang
- c Department of Biotechnology , College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Erk Her
- d Department of Immunology , College of Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Suyoung Bae
- e Department of Bioequivalence Division for Drug Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- f Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine , Inje University , Busan , Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- a Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea.,b College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
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34
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Kwak A, Lee Y, Kim H, Kim S. Intracellular interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokine processing enzyme. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1556-1564. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Park IH, Park JH, Shin JM, Lee HM. Tumor necrosis factor-α regulates interleukin-33 expression through extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and nuclear factor-κB pathways in airway epithelial cells. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 6:973-80. [PMID: 27060290 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-33 plays an important role in controlling immune responses in barrier tissues, and is a potent mediator of inflammatory diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid disease, and chronic rhinosinusitis. The aims of the present study were 2-fold: (1) to determine the stimulatory effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on IL-33 production in nasal epithelial and A549 cells; and (2) to identify downstream pathways that activate IL-33 production. METHODS Primary nasal epithelial cells (PNECs) from 5 normal patients were isolated and cultured. To identify which cytokines stimulate IL-33 production, we performed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence staining. Three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], and c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK]) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were evaluated as downstream signaling molecules by RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot analysis, and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The IL-33 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were increased significantly by TNF-α in PNECs and A549 cells. TNF-α stimulated the expression of IL-33 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in A549 cells. PNECs and A549 cells were treated with TNF-α in the presence of specific inhibitors of p38, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB. In both cell types, inhibitors of ERK, p38, and NF-κB reversed TNF-α-induced IL-33 production. In the luciferase reporter assay, NF-κB activity was inhibited not only by an NF-κB inhibitor, but also by ERK and p38 inhibitors. CONCLUSION TNF-α stimulated IL-33 expression through ERK, p38, and NFκB pathways in PNECs and A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Ho Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.
- IVD support Center, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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36
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Lee S, Kim E, Jhun H, Hong J, Kwak A, Jo S, Bae S, Lee J, Kim B, Lee J, Youn S, Kim S, Kim M, Kim H, Lee Y, Choi DK, Kim YS, Kim S. Proinsulin Shares a Motif with Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and Induces Inflammatory Cytokine via Interleukin-1 Receptor 1. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14620-7. [PMID: 27226621 PMCID: PMC4938183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been established that diabetes increases susceptibility to infections, the role of insulin (INS) in the immune response is unknown. Here, we investigated the immunological function of INS. Proinsulin dimer (pINSd) was a potent immune stimulus that induced inflammatory cytokines, but mature INS was unable to induce an immune response. An affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against mature IL-1α recognized IL-1α and pINS but failed to detect mature INS and IL-1β. Analysis of the pINS sequence revealed the existence of an INS/IL-1α motif in the C-peptide of pINS. Surprisingly, the INS/IL-1α motif was recognized by monoclonal antibody raised against IL-1α. Deleting the INS/IL-1α motif in pINSd and IL-1α changed their activities. To investigate the pINSd receptor, the reconstitution of IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) in Wish cells restored pINSd activity that was reversed by an IL-1R antagonist. These data suggested that pINSd needs IL-1R1 for inflammatory cytokine induction. Mouse embryo fibroblast cells of IL-1R1-deficient mice further confirmed that pINSd promotes immune responses through IL-1R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung Lee
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Eunsom Kim
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Hong
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Areum Kwak
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jo
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Suyoung Bae
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Jongho Lee
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Busun Kim
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Jungmin Lee
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Sulah Youn
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Somi Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of internal medicine, Jeju National University, 63243 Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Miyeon Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of internal medicine, Jeju National University, 63243 Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of internal medicine, Jeju National University, 63243 Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Collage of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea, and
| | - Dong-Ki Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea,
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37
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Martin NT, Martin MU. Interleukin 33 is a guardian of barriers and a local alarmin. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:122-31. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pinto SM, Nirujogi RS, Rojas PL, Patil AH, Manda SS, Subbannayya Y, Roa JC, Chatterjee A, Prasad TSK, Pandey A. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of IL-33-mediated signaling. Proteomics 2015; 15:532-44. [PMID: 25367039 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a novel member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that plays diverse roles in the regulation of immune responses. IL-33 exerts its effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex resulting in the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines. A detailed understanding of the signaling pathways activated by IL-33 is still unclear. To gain insights into the IL-33-mediated signaling mechanisms, we carried out a SILAC-based global quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis that resulted in the identification of 7191 phosphorylation sites derived from 2746 proteins. We observed alterations in the level of phosphorylation in 1050 sites corresponding to 672 proteins upon IL-33 stimulation. We report, for the first time, phosphorylation of multiple protein kinases, including mitogen-activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2 (Mapkapk2), receptor (TNFRSF) interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (Ripk1), and NAD kinase (Nadk) that are induced by IL-33. In addition, we observed IL-33-induced phosphorylation of several protein phosphatases including protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor-type 12 (Ptpn12), and inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D (Inpp5d), which have not been reported previously. Network analysis revealed an enrichment of actin binding and cytoskeleton reorganization that could be important in macrophage activation induced by IL-33. Our study is the first quantitative analysis of IL-33-regulated phosphoproteome. Our findings significantly expand the understanding of IL-33-mediated signaling events and have the potential to provide novel therapeutic targets pertaining to immune-related diseases such as asthma where dysregulation of IL-33 is observed. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000984 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000984).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha M Pinto
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India; Manipal University, Madhava Nagar, Manipal, India; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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39
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Molofsky AB, Savage AK, Locksley RM. Interleukin-33 in Tissue Homeostasis, Injury, and Inflammation. Immunity 2015; 42:1005-19. [PMID: 26084021 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a nuclear-associated cytokine of the IL-1 family originally described as a potent inducer of allergic type 2 immunity. IL-33 signals via the receptor ST2, which is highly expressed on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, thus underpinning its association with helminth infection and allergic pathology. Recent studies have revealed ST2 expression on subsets of regulatory T cells, and for a role for IL-33 in tissue homeostasis and repair that suggests previously unrecognized interactions within these cellular networks. IL-33 can participate in pathologic fibrotic reactions, or, in the setting of microbial invasion, can cooperate with inflammatory cytokines to promote responses by cytotoxic NK cells, Th1 cells, and CD8(+) T cells. Here, we highlight the regulation and function of IL-33 and ST2 and review their roles in homeostasis, damage, and inflammation, suggesting a conceptual framework for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA
| | - Adam K Savage
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA.
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40
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Abstract
The identification and characterization of cytokine isoforms is likely to provide critical important new insight into immunobiology. Cytokine isoforms can provide additional diversity to their complex biological effects that participate in control and protection against different foreign pathogens. Recently, IL-33 has been identified as a proinflammatory cytokine having several different biologically active isoform products. Originally associated with Th2 immunity, new evidence now supports the role of two IL-33 isoforms to facilitate the generation of protective Th1 and CD8 T cell immunity against specific pathogens. Therefore, a better understanding of the IL-33 isoforms will inform us on how to utilize them to facilitate their development as tools as vaccine adjuvants for immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Villarreal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, 505A Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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41
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Seidelin JB, Coskun M, Kvist PH, Holm TL, Holgersen K, Nielsen OH. IL-33 promotes GATA-3 polarization of gut-derived T cells in experimental and ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:180-90. [PMID: 25112700 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-0982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the respiratory mucosa, interleukin (IL)-33, has been shown to enhance T helper 2 (TH2)-type responses through the master regulatory gene GATA-3. IL-33 is upregulated in ulcerative colitis (UC), and the aim was to assess if IL-33 holds a similar key position in the shaping of the immune response in experimental colitis (piroxicam-accelerated colitis (PAC) in IL-10 (-/-) mice, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model) and UC. METHODS Colonic IL-33 expression was determined in UC (8 active UC, 8 quiescent UC, and 7 controls) and experimental colitis. Mesenteric lymph node (MesLN) T cells were isolated from PAC IL-10 (-/-) mice and stimulated with IL-33. RESULTS The colonic IL-33 expression was significantly upregulated all forms of colitis (P < 0.01) and correlated with disease severity score and inflammation (P < 0.001), and with GATA-3 expression levels (P < 0.01); no correlation with the TH1-specific T-bet expression was observed. MesLN T cells stimulated with IL-33 had increased GATA-3 expression, and showed an IL-33 dose-dependent increase in secreted TH2-type cytokines, whereas this effect was abolished by blocking IL-33 signaling. The non-TH2-type cytokine IL-17 was upregulated by IL-33 but in a T cell receptor dependent manner, as opposed to TH2-type cytokines, which required only IL-33 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that intestinal IL-33 is capable of inducing GATA-3 in mucosal T cells, and suggests that IL-33 is a key mediator of pathological TH2 and non-TH2-type responses in intestinal inflammation. Blocking IL-33 signaling could be a feasible option in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Medical Section 54 O3, Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark,
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42
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IRF5 is a novel regulator of CXCL13 expression in breast cancer that regulates CXCR5
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B‐ and T‐cell trafficking to tumor‐conditioned media. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 93:486-99. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Role of IL-33 and its receptor in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:587376. [PMID: 25032216 PMCID: PMC4084552 DOI: 10.1155/2014/587376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a new cytokine of interleukin-1 family, whose specific receptor is ST2. IL-33 exerts its functions via its target cells and plays different roles in diseases. ST2 deletion and exclusion of IL-33/ST2 axis are accompanied by enhanced susceptibility to dominantly T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune diseases. It has been reported that IL-33/ST2 pathway plays a key role in host defense and immune regulation in inflammatory and infectious diseases. This review focuses on new findings in the roles of IL-33 and ST2 in several kinds of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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44
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Chen P, Zhang K, Zhou B, Zhang Z, Song Y, Pu Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Wang T, Zhang L. The variations in theIL1RL1gene and susceptibility to preeclampsia. Immunol Invest 2014; 43:424-35. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.879173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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45
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Nunes T, Bernardazzi C, de Souza HS. Interleukin-33 and inflammatory bowel diseases: lessons from human studies. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:423957. [PMID: 24701033 PMCID: PMC3950548 DOI: 10.1155/2014/423957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin- (IL-) 33 is a widely expressed cytokine present in different cell types, such as epithelial, mesenchymal, and inflammatory cells, supporting a predominant role in innate immunity. IL-33 can function as a proinflammatory cytokine inducing Th2 type of immune response being involved with the defense against parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, it has been proposed that IL-33 can act as a signaling molecule alerting the immune system of danger or tissue damage. Recently, in the intestinal mucosa, overexpression of IL-33 has been reported in samples from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This review highlights the available data regarding IL-33 in human IBD and discusses emerging roles for IL-33 as a key modulator of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Nunes
- Nutrition and Immunology Chair, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Claudio Bernardazzi
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia & Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitario, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heitor S. de Souza
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia & Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitario, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, 22281-100 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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46
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47
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The inhibitory function of Fc-ST2 depends on cell type; IL-1RAcP and ST2 are necessary but insufficient for IL-33 activity. Immunol Res 2013; 56:122-30. [PMID: 23435764 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IL-33 (IL-1F11) is a member of IL-1 family ligand, which stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines. IL-33 receptor complex is comprised of IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) and ST2 that are activated by IL-33 ligand binding. ST2 is a ligand-binding chain of the IL-33 receptor component, and the soluble ST2 form possesses antagonistic activity. Here, we expressed the extracellular domain of ST2-fused to the immunoglobulin of IgG1 constant region in order to generate a soluble recombinant Fc-ST2. Human and mouse recombinant Fc-ST2 protein were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and purified using a mini-protein A affinity chromatography. The recombinant Fc-ST2 protein was used to examine inhibitory function in IL-33-induced cytokine production in different cell types. The human Fc-ST2 abolished IL-33-induced IL-8 production in human mast cells, but mouse Fc-ST2 failed to inhibit IL-33-induced TNFα production in mouse Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. We further investigated the expression of IL-33 receptor component with various cell lines. IL-33 receptors expression pattern and Fc-ST2 inhibitory activity in different cell types suggest that IL-1RAcP and ST2 are necessary but insufficient for IL-33 activity. Our results suggest that an additional receptor component may participate in the biological activity of IL-33.
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48
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Kim B, Lee Y, Kim E, Kwak A, Ryoo S, Bae SH, Azam T, Kim S, Dinarello CA. The Interleukin-1α Precursor is Biologically Active and is Likely a Key Alarmin in the IL-1 Family of Cytokines. Front Immunol 2013; 4:391. [PMID: 24312098 PMCID: PMC3834611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 11 members of the IL-1 family cytokines, the precursors of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-33 have relatively long N-terminal pro-sequences of approximately 100 amino acid residues prior to the N-terminus of the mature forms. Compared to the mature forms secreted from the cell, 80-90% of the primary translation product is in the intracellular compartment in the precursor form. However, the precursors are readily released from cells during infections but also with non-infectious conditions such a hypoxia and trauma. In this setting, the precursors act rapidly as "alarmins" in the absence of a processing mechanism to remove the pro-sequence and generate a mature form. In the case of IL-1α, the release of the precursor activates adjacent cells via receptor-mediated signaling. However, there are no data comparing the specific activity of the IL-1α precursor to the mature form. In the present study, we compared the precursor and mature forms of recombinant human IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-33 proteins on the induction of cytokines from A549 cells as well as from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Similar to the mature form, the IL-1α precursor was active in inducing IL-6 and TNFα, whereas the precursor forms of IL-1β and IL-33 were not active. On PBMC, precursor and mature IL-1α at 0.04 and 0.2 nM were equally active in inducing IL-6. Given the fact that during necrotic cell death, the IL-1α precursor is released intact and triggers IL-1 receptors on tissue macrophages, these data identify the precursor form of IL-1α as a key player in sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
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49
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The role of IL-33 in gut mucosal inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:608187. [PMID: 23766561 PMCID: PMC3676953 DOI: 10.1155/2013/608187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a recently identified cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family that is widely expressed throughout the body and has the ability to induce Th2 immune responses. In addition, IL-33 plays a key role in promoting host defenses against parasites through the expansion of a novel population of innate lymphoid cells. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that the proinflammatory properties displayed by IL-33 are detrimental in several experimental models of inflammation; in others, however, IL-33 appears to have protective functions. In 2010, four different research groups consistently described the upregulation of IL-33 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Animal models of IBD were subsequently utilized in order to mechanistically determine the precise role of IL-33 in chronic intestinal inflammation, without, however, reaching conclusive evidence demonstrating whether IL-33 is pathogenic or protective. Indeed, data generated from these studies suggest that IL-33 may possess dichotomous functions, enhancing inflammatory responses on one hand and promoting epithelial integrity on the other. This review focuses on the available data regarding IL-33/ST2 in the physiological and inflammatory states of the gut in order to speculate on the possible roles of this novel IL-1 family member in intestinal inflammation.
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50
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Abstract
IL-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and a ligand to receptor ST2, has great potential to induce a T helper 2-type inflammatory response. IL-33 is proven to be released by epithelial cells during their injury by different environmental stimuli such as airborne allergens, viruses, and air pollutants. IL-33 acting as an endogenous danger signal is termed an alarmin. As such, this cytokine is considered to play a crucial role in an allergic inflammatory disease such as rhinitis. Recent investigations regarding the IL-33/ST2 axis involvement in Th2 inflammatory response and pathogenesis of rhinitis have been reviewed. The role of IL-33 as a novel promising therapeutic target has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rogala
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ceglana 35, Katowice, Poland.
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