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Lange PF, Schilling O, Huesgen PF. Positional proteomics: is the technology ready to study clinical cohorts? Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:309-318. [PMID: 37869791 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2272046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Positional proteomics provides proteome-wide information on protein termini and their modifications, uniquely enabling unambiguous identification of site-specific, limited proteolysis. Such proteolytic cleavage irreversibly modifies protein sequences resulting in new proteoforms with distinct protease-generated neo-N and C-termini and altered localization and activity. Misregulated proteolysis is implicated in a wide variety of human diseases. Protein termini, therefore, constitute a huge, largely unexplored source of specific analytes that provides a deep view into the functional proteome and a treasure trove for biomarkers. AREAS COVERED We briefly review principal approaches to define protein termini and discuss recent advances in method development. We further highlight the potential of positional proteomics to identify and trace specific proteoforms, with a focus on proteolytic processes altered in disease. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and potential for applying positional proteomics in biomarker and pre-clinical research. EXPERT OPINION Recent developments in positional proteomics have provided significant advances in sensitivity and throughput. In-depth analysis of proteolytic processes in clinical cohorts thus appears feasible in the near future. We argue that this will provide insights into the functional state of the proteome and offer new opportunities to utilize proteolytic processes altered or targeted in disease as specific diagnostic, prognostic and companion biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp F Lange
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department for Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Dimic-Janjic S, Hoda MA, Milenkovic B, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Stjepanovic M, Gompelmann D, Jankovic J, Miljkovic M, Milin-Lazovic J, Djurdjevic N, Maric D, Milivojevic I, Popevic S. The usefulness of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio for diagnosis and assessment of COPD severity. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:127. [PMID: 36935521 PMCID: PMC10026402 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, oxidative stress and an imbalance between proteases and protease inhibitors are recognized pathophysiological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in patients with COPD and to assess their relationship with lung function, symptom severity scores and recent acute exacerbations. METHODS In this observational cohort study, serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in the peripheral blood of COPD patients with stable disease and healthy controls were determined, and their association with lung function (postbronchodilator spirometry, body plethysmography, single breath diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide), symptom severity scores (mMRC and CAT) and exacerbation history were assessed. RESULTS COPD patients (n = 98) had significantly higher levels of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and a higher MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio than healthy controls (n = 47) (p ≤ 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for MMP-9, TIMP-1 and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio for COPD diagnosis were 0.974, 0.961 and 0.910, respectively (all p < 0.05). MMP-9 and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were both negatively correlated with FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, VC, and IC (all p < 0.05). For MMP-9, a positive correlation was found with RV/TLC% (p = 0.005), and a positive correlation was found for the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio with RV% and RV/TLC% (p = 0.013 and 0.002, respectively). Patients with COPD GOLD 3 and 4 presented greater MMP-9 levels and a greater MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio compared to GOLD 1 and 2 patients (p ≤ 0.001). No correlation between diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide and number of acute exacerbations in the previous year was found. CONCLUSIONS COPD patients have elevated serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. COPD patients have an imbalance between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in favor of a pro-proteolytic environment, which overall indicates the importance of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio as a potential biomarker for COPD diagnosis and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Dimic-Janjic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Branislava Milenkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Stjepanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniela Gompelmann
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelena Jankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Miljkovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milin-Lazovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Djurdjevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 26, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Milivojevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 26, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Spasoje Popevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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He L, Kang Q, Chan KI, Zhang Y, Zhong Z, Tan W. The immunomodulatory role of matrix metalloproteinases in colitis-associated cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093990. [PMID: 36776395 PMCID: PMC9910179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an important class of enzymes in the body that function through the extracellular matrix (ECM). They are involved in diverse pathophysiological processes, such as tumor invasion and metastasis, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, periodontal disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and diseases of the central nervous system. MMPs participate in the occurrence and development of numerous cancers and are closely related to immunity. In the present study, we review the immunomodulatory role of MMPs in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and discuss relevant clinical applications. We analyze more than 300 pharmacological studies retrieved from PubMed and the Web of Science, related to MMPs, cancer, colitis, CAC, and immunomodulation. Key MMPs that interfere with pathological processes in CAC such as MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12, and MMP-13, as well as their corresponding mechanisms are elaborated. MMPs are involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, ECM remodeling, and the inflammatory response in CAC. They also affect the immune system by modulating differentiation and immune activity of immune cells, recruitment of macrophages, and recruitment of neutrophils. Herein we describe the immunomodulatory role of MMPs in CAC to facilitate treatment of this special type of colon cancer, which is preceded by detectable inflammatory bowel disease in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianming Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China,*Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Wen Tan,
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Wen Tan,
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Biasella F, Plössl K, Baird PN, Weber BHF. The extracellular microenvironment in immune dysregulation and inflammation in retinal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147037. [PMID: 36936905 PMCID: PMC10014728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) as well as genetically complex retinal phenotypes represent a heterogenous group of ocular diseases, both on account of their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Therefore, overlaps in clinical features often complicate or even impede their correct clinical diagnosis. Deciphering the molecular basis of retinal diseases has not only aided in their disease classification but also helped in our understanding of how different molecular pathologies may share common pathomechanisms. In particular, these relate to dysregulation of two key processes that contribute to cellular integrity, namely extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and inflammation. Pathological changes in the ECM of Bruch's membrane have been described in both monogenic IRDs, such as Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) and Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), as well as in the genetically complex age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Additionally, complement system dysfunction and distorted immune regulation may also represent a common connection between some IRDs and complex retinal degenerations. Through highlighting such overlaps in molecular pathology, this review aims to illuminate how inflammatory processes and ECM homeostasis are linked in the healthy retina and how their interplay may be disturbed in aging as well as in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Biasella
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
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de Almeida LGN, Thode H, Eslambolchi Y, Chopra S, Young D, Gill S, Devel L, Dufour A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:712-768. [PMID: 35738680 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are proteases capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix. More recently, MMPs have been demonstrated to play numerous additional biologic roles in cell signaling, immune regulation, and transcriptional control, all of which are unrelated to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we will present milestones and major discoveries of MMP research, including various clinical trials for the use of MMP inhibitors. We will discuss the reasons behind the failures of most MMP inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. There are still misconceptions about the pathophysiological roles of MMPs and the best strategies to inhibit their detrimental functions. This review aims to discuss MMPs in preclinical models and human pathologies. We will discuss new biochemical tools to track their proteolytic activity in vivo and ex vivo, in addition to future pharmacological alternatives to inhibit their detrimental functions in diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in most inflammatory, autoimmune, cancers, and pathogen-mediated diseases. Initially overlooked, MMP contributions can be both beneficial and detrimental in disease progression and resolution. Thousands of MMP substrates have been suggested, and a few hundred have been validated. After more than 60 years of MMP research, there remain intriguing enigmas to solve regarding their biological functions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G N de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Hayley Thode
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Yekta Eslambolchi
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sameeksha Chopra
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Daniel Young
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sean Gill
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
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6
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Liu X, Bai Y, Cui R, He S, Ling Y, Wu C, Fang M. Integrated Analysis of the ceRNA Network and M-7474 Function in Testosterone-Mediated Fat Deposition in Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040668. [PMID: 35456474 PMCID: PMC9032878 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration can significantly enhance fat deposition in pigs, and the molecular mechanism of fat deposition caused by castration and its influence on fat deposition in different parts of pigs remain unclear. RNA-seq was performed on adipose tissue from different parts of castrated and intact Yorkshire pigs. Different ceRNA networks were constructed for different fat parts. GO and KEGG pathway annotations suggested that testosterone elevates cell migration and affects differentiation and apoptosis in back fat, while it predisposes animals to glycolipid metabolism disorders and increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines in abdominal fat. The interaction between M-7474, novel_miR_243 and SGK1 was verified by dual fluorescence experiments. This ceRNA relationship has also been demonstrated in porcine preadipocytes. Overexpression of M-7474 significantly inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes compared to the control group. When 100 nM testosterone was added during preadipocyte differentiation, the expression of M-7474 was increased, and preadipocyte differentiation was significantly inhibited. Testosterone can affect preadipocyte differentiation by upregulating the expression of M-7474, sponging novel-miR-243, and regulating the expression of genes such as SGK1. At the same time, HSD11B1 and SLC2A4 may also be regulated by the corresponding lncRNA and miRNA, which ultimately affects glucose uptake by adipocytes and leads to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Ying Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China;
| | - Ran Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Shuaihan He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Yao Ling
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Changxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Meiying Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62734943; Fax: +86-10-62734943
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7
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Larsen O, van der Velden WJC, Mavri M, Schuermans S, Rummel PC, Karlshøj S, Gustavsson M, Proost P, Våbenø J, Rosenkilde MM. Identification of a conserved chemokine receptor motif that enables ligand discrimination. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabg7042. [PMID: 35258997 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extensive ligand-receptor promiscuity in the chemokine signaling system balances beneficial redundancy and specificity. However, this feature poses a major challenge to selectively modulate the system pharmacologically. Here, we identified a conserved cluster of three aromatic receptor residues that anchors the second extracellular loop (ECL2) to the top of receptor transmembrane helices (TM) 4 and 5 and enables recognition of both shared and specific characteristics of interacting chemokines. This cluster was essential for the activation of several chemokine receptors. Furthermore, characteristic motifs of the ß1 strand and 30s loop make the two main CC-chemokine subgroups-the macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIPs) and monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs)-differentially dependent on this cluster in the promiscuous receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5. The cluster additionally enabled CCR1 and CCR5 to discriminate between closely related MIPs based on the N terminus of the chemokine. G protein signaling and β-arrestin2 recruitment assays confirmed the importance of the conserved cluster in receptor discrimination of chemokine ligands. This extracellular site may facilitate the development of chemokine-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Larsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wijnand J C van der Velden
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maša Mavri
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Schuermans
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pia C Rummel
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Karlshøj
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jon Våbenø
- Helgeland Hospital Trust, Prestmarkveien 1, 8800 Sandnessjøen, Norway
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Wang Y, Hu S, Shen L, Liu S, Wan L, Yang S, Hou M, Tian X, Zhang H, Xu KF. Dynamic Observation of Autophagy and Transcriptome Profiles in a Mouse Model of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:664913. [PMID: 34395518 PMCID: PMC8358296 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.664913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a group of progressive, fibrotic, and fatal lung diseases, and the role of autophagy in pulmonary fibrosis is controversial. In the current research, we dynamically observed a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and investigated the expression of autophagy markers. We found that autophagy markers were not significantly changed on the indicated days in the mouse lung tissue. Then, RNA-Seq was used to analyze the gene expression and associated functions and pathways in fibrotic lung tissue on different days post-bleomycin. In addition, short time series expression miner (STEM) analysis was performed to explore the temporal post-bleomycin gene expression. Through STEM, continually up- or downregulated profiles did not demonstrate the critical role of autophagy in the development of fibrosis. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) annotations showed that continually upregulated profiles were mainly related to fibrosis synthesis, extracellular space, and inflammation, while enriched pathways were mainly related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interactions, and focal adhesion signaling pathway. For continually downregulated profiles, GO annotations mainly involved sarcomere organization, muscle contraction, and muscle fiber development. The enriched KEGG signaling pathways were the cAMP signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and cardiac muscle contraction. Moreover, we analyzed autophagy-related genes' expression in specific cells from a publicly available database of three human and one animal study of pulmonary fibrosis using single-cell sequencing technology. All results consistently demonstrated no critical role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. In summary, autophagy may not critically and consistently change during the development of pulmonary fibrosis at different stages post-bleomycin in a mouse model. These continually up- or downregulated profiles, including gene profiles, and the corresponding functions and pathways may provide mechanistic insights into IPF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Liu
- Medical Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyan Wan
- Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Hou
- Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Feng Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Koeppen K, Nymon A, Barnaby R, Li Z, Hampton TH, Ashare A, Stanton BA. CF monocyte-derived macrophages have an attenuated response to extracellular vesicles secreted by airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L530-L544. [PMID: 33471607 PMCID: PMC8238154 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00621.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CFTR alter macrophage responses, for example, by reducing their ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria. Altered macrophage responses may facilitate bacterial infection and inflammation in the lungs, contributing to morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by multiple cell types in the lungs and participate in the host immune response to bacterial infection, but the effect of EVs secreted by CF airway epithelial cells (AEC) on CF macrophages is unknown. This report examines the effect of EVs secreted by primary AEC on monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and contrasts responses of CF and wild type (WT) MDM. We found that EVs generally increase pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and expression of innate immune genes in MDM, especially when EVs are derived from AEC exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and that this effect is attenuated in CF MDM. Specifically, EVs secreted by P. aeruginosa exposed AEC (EV-PA) induced immune response genes and increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemoattractants, and chemokines involved in tissue repair by WT MDM, but these effects were less robust in CF MDM. We attribute attenuated responses by CF MDM to differences between CF and WT macrophages because EVs secreted by CF AEC or WT AEC elicited similar responses in CF MDM. Our findings demonstrate the importance of AEC EVs in macrophage responses and show that the Phe508del mutation in CFTR attenuates the innate immune response of MDM to EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Koeppen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Amanda Nymon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Roxanna Barnaby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Zhongyou Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Thomas H Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Alix Ashare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Bruce A Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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10
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Das N, Benko C, Gill SE, Dufour A. The Pharmacological TAILS of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010031. [PMID: 33396445 PMCID: PMC7823758 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been demonstrated to have both detrimental and protective functions in inflammatory diseases. Several MMP inhibitors, with the exception of Periostat®, have failed in Phase III clinical trials. As an alternative strategy, recent efforts have been focussed on the development of more selective inhibitors or targeting other domains than their active sites through specific small molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. Here, we present some examples that aim to better understand the mechanisms of conformational changes/allosteric control of MMPs functions. In addition to MMP inhibitors, we discuss unbiased global approaches, such as proteomics and N-terminomics, to identify new MMP substrates. We present some examples of new MMP substrates and their implications in regulating biological functions. By characterizing the roles and substrates of individual MMP, MMP inhibitors could be utilized more effectively in the optimal disease context or in diseases never tested before where MMP activity is elevated and contributing to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabangshu Das
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Join Healthy, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
| | - Colette Benko
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Join Healthy, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Hospital, 3330 Hospital Dr, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sean E. Gill
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Victoria Research Labs, Lawson Health Research Institute, A6-134, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Join Healthy, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Hospital, 3330 Hospital Dr, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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11
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Increased Expressions of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Prostate Cancer Tissues of Men with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110507. [PMID: 33207809 PMCID: PMC7696165 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with worse prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). The molecular mechanisms behind this association are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify key factors, which contribute to the more aggressive PCa phenotype in patients with concurrent T2D. Therefore, we investigated benign and PCa tissue of PCa patients with and without diabetes using real time qPCR. Compared to patients without diabetes, patients with T2D showed a decreased E-cadherin/N-cadherin (CDH1/CDH2) ratio in prostate tissue, indicating a switch of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a pivotal process in carcinogenesis. In addition, the gene expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and CC chemokine ligands (CCLs) were higher in prostate samples of T2D patients. Next, prostate adenocarcinoma PC3 cells were treated with increasing glucose concentrations to replicate hyperglycemia in vitro. In these cells, high glucose induced expressions of MMPs and CCLs, which showed significant positive associations with the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). These results indicate that in prostate tissue of men with T2D, hyperglycemia may induce EMT, increase MMP and CCL gene expressions, which in turn activate invasion and inflammatory processes accelerating the progression of PCa.
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12
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CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218412. [PMID: 33182504 PMCID: PMC7665155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CC chemokines, a subfamily of 27 chemotactic cytokines, are a component of intercellular communication, which is crucial for the functioning of the tumor microenvironment. Although many individual chemokines have been well researched, there has been no comprehensive review presenting the role of all known human CC chemokines in the hallmarks of cancer, and this paper aims at filling this gap. The first part of this review discusses the importance of CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, and CCL28 in cancer. Here, we discuss the significance of CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, and CCL26. The presentation of each chemokine includes its physiological function and then the role in tumor, including proliferation, drug resistance, migration, invasion, and organ-specific metastasis of tumor cells, as well as the effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the effects of each CC chemokine on the recruitment of cancer-associated cells to the tumor niche (eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), regulatory T cells (Treg)). On the other hand, we also present the anti-cancer properties of CC chemokines, consisting in the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).
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13
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Caligiuri A, Pastore M, Lori G, Raggi C, Di Maira G, Marra F, Gentilini A. Role of Chemokines in the Biology of Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082215. [PMID: 32784743 PMCID: PMC7463556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a heterogeneous tumor with poor prognosis, can arise at any level in the biliary tree. It may derive from epithelial cells in the biliary tracts and peribiliary glands and possibly from progenitor cells or even hepatocytes. Several risk factors are responsible for CCA onset, however an inflammatory milieu nearby the biliary tree represents the most common condition favoring CCA development. Chemokines play a key role in driving the immunological response upon liver injury and may sustain tumor initiation and development. Chemokine receptor-dependent pathways influence the interplay among various cellular components, resulting in remodeling of the hepatic microenvironment towards a pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrogenic, pro-angiogenic and pre-neoplastic setting. Moreover, once tumor develops, chemokine signaling may influence its progression. Here we review the role of chemokines in the regulation of CCA development and progression, and the modulation of angiogenesis, metastasis and immune control. The potential role of chemokines and their receptors as possible biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for hepatobiliary cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Marra
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (A.G.); Tel.: +39-055-2758095 or +39-055-2758498 or +39-055-2758499 (F.M.); +39-055-2751801 (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Gentilini
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (A.G.); Tel.: +39-055-2758095 or +39-055-2758498 or +39-055-2758499 (F.M.); +39-055-2751801 (A.G.)
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14
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Kumar GB, Nair BG, Perry JJP, Martin DBC. Recent insights into natural product inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:2024-2037. [PMID: 32904148 PMCID: PMC7451072 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00165d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family have biological functions that are central to human health and disease, and MMP inhibitors have been investigated for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The outcomes of initial clinical trials with the first generation of MMP inhibitors proved disappointing. However, our growing understanding of the complexities of the MMP function in disease, and an increased understanding of MMP protein architecture and control of activity now provide new opportunities and avenues to develop MMP-focused therapies. Natural products that affect MMP activities have been of strong interest as templates for drug discovery, and for their use as chemical tools to help delineate the roles of MMPs that still remain to be defined. Herein, we highlight the most recent discoveries of structurally diverse natural product inhibitors to these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha B Kumar
- School of Biotechnology , Amrita University , Kollam , Kerala , India
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology , Amrita University , Kollam , Kerala , India
| | - J Jefferson P Perry
- School of Biotechnology , Amrita University , Kollam , Kerala , India
- Department of Biochemistry , University of California , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA .
| | - David B C Martin
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA 52242 , USA .
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15
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Jobin PG, Solis N, Machado Y, Bell PA, Rai SK, Kwon NH, Kim S, Overall CM, Butler GS. Moonlighting matrix metalloproteinase substrates: Enhancement of proinflammatory functions of extracellular tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase upon cleavage. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:2186-2202. [PMID: 31771979 PMCID: PMC7039567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase ligates tyrosine to its cognate tRNA in the cytoplasm, but it can also be secreted through a noncanonical pathway. We found that extracellular tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRS) exhibited proinflammatory activities. In addition to acting as a monocyte/macrophage chemoattractant, YRS initiated signaling through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) resulting in NF-κB activation and release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and multiple chemokines, including MIP-1α/β, CXCL8 (IL8), and CXCL1 (KC) from THP1 monocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cell–derived macrophages. Furthermore, YRS up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in a TNFα-dependent manner in M0 macrophages. Because MMPs process a variety of intracellular proteins that also exhibit extracellular moonlighting functions, we profiled 10 MMPs for YRS cleavage and identified 55 cleavage sites by amino-terminal oriented mass spectrometry of substrates (ATOMS) positional proteomics and Edman degradation. Stable proteoforms resulted from cleavages near the start of the YRS C-terminal EMAPII domain. All of the MMPs tested cleaved at ADS386↓387LYV and VSG405↓406LVQ, generating 43- and 45-kDa fragments. The highest catalytic efficiency for YRS was demonstrated by MMP7, which is highly expressed by monocytes and macrophages, and by neutrophil-specific MMP8. MMP-cleaved YRS enhanced TLR2 signaling, increased TNFα secretion from macrophages, and amplified monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis compared with unprocessed YRS. The cleavage of YRS by MMP8, but not MMP7, was inhibited by tyrosine, a substrate of the YRS aminoacylation reaction. Overall, the proinflammatory activity of YRS is enhanced by MMP cleavage, which we suggest forms a feed-forward mechanism to promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker G Jobin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nestor Solis
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yoan Machado
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter A Bell
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Simran K Rai
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4S6, Canada
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Georgina S Butler
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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16
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García-González L, Pilat D, Baranger K, Rivera S. Emerging Alternative Proteinases in APP Metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Focus on MT1-MMP and MT5-MMP. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:244. [PMID: 31607898 PMCID: PMC6769103 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) into amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) by β-secretase and γ-secretase complex is at the heart of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Targeting this proteolytic pathway effectively reduces/prevents pathology and cognitive decline in preclinical experimental models of the disease, but therapeutic strategies based on secretase activity modifying drugs have so far failed in clinical trials. Although this may raise some doubts on the relevance of β- and γ-secretases as targets, new APP-cleaving enzymes, including meprin-β, legumain (δ-secretase), rhomboid-like protein-4 (RHBDL4), caspases and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs/η-secretases) have confirmed that APP processing remains a solid mechanism in AD pathophysiology. This review will discuss recent findings on the roles of all these proteinases in the nervous system, and in particular on the roles of MT-MMPs, which are at the crossroads of pathological events involving not only amyloidogenesis, but also inflammation and synaptic dysfunctions. Assessing the potential of these emerging proteinases in the Alzheimer’s field opens up new research prospects to improve our knowledge of fundamental mechanisms of the disease and help us establish new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Pilat
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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17
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Hussain AA, Lee Y, Marshall J. Understanding the complexity of the matrix metalloproteinase system and its relevance to age-related diseases: Age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 74:100775. [PMID: 31473329 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are maintained by tightly coupled processes of continuous synthesis and degradation. The degradative arm is mediated by a family of proteolytic enzymes called the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes are released as latent proteins (pro-MMPs) and on activation are capable of degrading most components of an ECM. Activity of these enzymes is checked by the presence of tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and current opinion holds that the ratio of TIMPs/MMPs determines the relative rate of degradation. Thus, elevated ratios are thought to compromise degradation leading to the accumulation of abnormal ECM material, whilst diminished ratios are thought to lead to excessive ECM degradation (facilitating angiogenesis and the spread of cancer cells). Our recent work has shown this system to be far more complex. MMP species tend to undergo covalent modification leading to homo- and hetero-dimerization and aggregation resulting in the formation of very large macromolecular weight MMP complexes (LMMCs). In addition, the various MMP species also show a bound-free compartmentalisation. The net result of these changes is to reduce the availability of the latent forms of MMPs for the activation process. An assessment of the degradation potential of the MMP system in any tissue must therefore take into account the degree of sequestration of the latent MMP species, a protocol that has not previously been addressed. Taking into consideration the complexities already described, we will present an analysis of the MMP system in two common neurodegenerative disorders, namely age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Hussain
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Alt-Regen Co., Ltd, Heungdeok IT Valley, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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18
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Young D, Das N, Anowai A, Dufour A. Matrix Metalloproteases as Influencers of the Cells' Social Media. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3847. [PMID: 31394726 PMCID: PMC6720954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been studied in the context of cancer due to their ability to increase cell invasion, and were initially thought to facilitate metastasis solely through the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs have also been investigated in the context of their ECM remodeling activity in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, after several MMP inhibitors failed in phase III clinical trials, a global reassessment of their biological functions was undertaken, which has revealed multiple unanticipated functions including the processing of chemokines, cytokines, and cell surface receptors. Despite what their name suggests, the matrix aspect of MMPs could contribute to a lesser part of their physiological functions in inflammatory diseases, as originally anticipated. Here, we present examples of MMP substrates implicated in cell signaling, independent of their ECM functions, and discuss the impact for the use of MMP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Young
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nabangshu Das
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anthonia Anowai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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19
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Rivera S, García-González L, Khrestchatisky M, Baranger K. Metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3167-3191. [PMID: 31197405 PMCID: PMC11105182 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As life expectancy increases worldwide, age-related neurodegenerative diseases will increase in parallel. The lack of effective treatment strategies may soon lead to an unprecedented health, social and economic crisis. Any attempt to halt the progression of these diseases requires a thorough knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved to facilitate the identification of new targets and the application of innovative therapeutic strategies. The metzincin superfamily of metalloproteinases includes matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS). These multigenic and multifunctional proteinase families regulate the functions of an increasing number of signalling and scaffolding molecules involved in neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, protein misfolding, synaptic dysfunction or neuronal death. Metalloproteinases and their physiological inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are therefore, at the crossroads of molecular and cellular mechanisms that support neurodegenerative processes, and emerge as potential new therapeutic targets. We provide an overview of current knowledge on the role and regulation of metalloproteinases and TIMPs in four major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rivera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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20
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Chopra S, Overall CM, Dufour A. Matrix metalloproteinases in the CNS: interferons get nervous. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3083-3095. [PMID: 31165203 PMCID: PMC11105576 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been investigated in context of chronic inflammatory diseases and demonstrated to degrade multiple components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, following several disappointing MMP clinical trials, recent studies have demonstrated unexpected novel functions of MMPs in viral infections and autoimmune inflammatory diseases in unanticipated locations. Thus, MMPs play additional functions in inflammation than just ECM degradation. They can regulate the activity of chemokines and cytokines of the immune response by precise proteolytic processing resulting in activation or inactivation of signaling pathways. MMPs have been demonstrated to cleave multiple substrates of the central nervous systems (CNS) and contribute to promoting and dampening diseases of the CNS. Initially, believed to be solely promoting pathologies, more than 10 MMPs to date have been shown to have protective functions. Here, we present some of the beneficial and destructive roles of MMPs in CNS pathologies and discuss strategies for the use of MMP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameeksha Chopra
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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21
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Cabrera S, Maciel M, Hernández-Barrientos D, Calyeca J, Gaxiola M, Selman M, Pardo A. Delayed resolution of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in absence of MMP13 (collagenase 3). Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L961-L976. [PMID: 30785343 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00455.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP13) deficiency in pulmonary fibrosis has described contradictory phenotypes on inflammatory and fibrotic responses after lung injury, and its role during lung fibrosis resolution is still undefined. MMP13 has been considered the main collagenase in rodents, and the remodeling of fibrillar collagen is widely attributed to the action of this enzyme. In this study we aimed to explore the role of MMP13 during lung fibrosis progression and resolution. Lung fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation, and inflammatory, fibrotic, and resolution stages were evaluated in Mmp13-null and wild-type (WT) mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was taken for cytokine array analysis and activity of gelatinases. Our results showed that MMP13 is upregulated mainly during two stages after lung injury, inflammation and resolution of fibrosis, and it is mainly expressed by alveolar and interstitial macrophages. Mmp13-null mice exhibited more extensive inflammation at 7 days after bleomycin treatment, and it was characterized by increased macrophage infiltration and significant alterations in proinflammatory cytokines. We also documented that Mmp13-deficient mice experienced more severe and prolonged lung fibrosis compared with WT mice. Delayed resolution in Mmp13-deficient lungs was characterized by a decreased overall collagenolytic activity and persistent fibrotic foci associated with emphysema-like areas. Together, our findings indicate that MMP13 plays an antifibrotic role and its activity is crucial in lung repair and restoration of tissue integrity during fibrosis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Maciel
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Calyeca
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Gaxiola
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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How post-translational modifications influence the biological activity of chemokines. Cytokine 2018; 109:29-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Monneau YR, Luo L, Sankaranarayanan NV, Nagarajan B, Vivès RR, Baleux F, Desai UR, Arenzana-Seidedos F, Lortat-Jacob H. Solution structure of CXCL13 and heparan sulfate binding show that GAG binding site and cellular signalling rely on distinct domains. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170133. [PMID: 29070611 PMCID: PMC5666081 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines promote directional cell migration through binding to G-protein-coupled receptors, and as such are involved in a large array of developmental, homeostatic and pathological processes. They also interact with heparan sulfate (HS), the functional consequences of which depend on the respective location of the receptor- and the HS-binding sites, a detail that remains elusive for most chemokines. Here, to set up a biochemical framework to investigate how HS can regulate CXCL13 activity, we solved the solution structure of CXCL13. We showed that it comprises an unusually long and disordered C-terminal domain, appended to a classical chemokine-like structure. Using three independent experimental approaches, we found that it displays a unique association mode to HS, involving two clusters located in the α-helix and the C-terminal domain. Computational approaches were used to analyse the HS sequences preferentially recognized by the protein and gain atomic-level understanding of the CXCL13 dimerization induced upon HS binding. Starting with four sets of 254 HS tetrasaccharides, we identified 25 sequences that bind to CXCL13 monomer, among which a single one bound to CXCL13 dimer with high consistency. Importantly, we found that CXCL13 can be functionally presented to its receptor in a HS-bound form, suggesting that it can promote adhesion-dependent cell migration. Consistently, we designed CXCL13 mutations that preclude interaction with HS without affecting CXCR5-dependent cell signalling, opening the possibility to unambiguously demonstrate the role of HS in the biological function of this chemokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan R Monneau
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lingjie Luo
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1108, Paris, France
| | - Nehru Viji Sankaranarayanan
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Balaji Nagarajan
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Romain R Vivès
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Françoise Baleux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, UMR CNRS 3523, Paris, France
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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24
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Hickey K, Stabenfeldt SE. Using biomaterials to modulate chemotactic signaling for central nervous system repair. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:044106. [PMID: 29411713 PMCID: PMC5991092 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaad82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis enables cellular communication and movement within the body. This review focuses on exploiting chemotaxis as a tool for repair of the central nervous system (CNS) damaged from injury and/or degenerative diseases. Chemokines and factors alone may initiate repair following CNS injury/disease, but exogenous administration may enhance repair and promote regeneration. This review will discuss critical chemotactic molecules and factors that may promote neural regeneration. Additionally, this review highlights how biomaterials can impact the presentation and delivery of chemokines and growth factors to alter the regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassondra Hickey
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
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25
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Hughes CE, Nibbs RJB. A guide to chemokines and their receptors. FEBS J 2018; 285:2944-2971. [PMID: 29637711 PMCID: PMC6120486 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemokines (or chemotactic cytokines) are a large family of small, secreted proteins that signal through cell surface G protein-coupled heptahelical chemokine receptors. They are best known for their ability to stimulate the migration of cells, most notably white blood cells (leukocytes). Consequently, chemokines play a central role in the development and homeostasis of the immune system, and are involved in all protective or destructive immune and inflammatory responses. Classically viewed as inducers of directed chemotactic migration, it is now clear that chemokines can stimulate a variety of other types of directed and undirected migratory behavior, such as haptotaxis, chemokinesis, and haptokinesis, in addition to inducing cell arrest or adhesion. However, chemokine receptors on leukocytes can do more than just direct migration, and these molecules can also be expressed on, and regulate the biology of, many nonleukocytic cell types. Chemokines are profoundly affected by post-translational modification, by interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM), and by binding to heptahelical 'atypical' chemokine receptors that regulate chemokine localization and abundance. This guide gives a broad overview of the chemokine and chemokine receptor families; summarizes the complex physical interactions that occur in the chemokine network; and, using specific examples, discusses general principles of chemokine function, focusing particularly on their ability to direct leukocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Hughes
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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26
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV patients have increased atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease (ASCVD), thought to be mediated through inflammatory mechanisms. We hypothesized that among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with subclinical coronary plaque, statin therapy would modulate unique inflammatory and cardiovascular proteins in relation to change in subclinical coronary plaque volume. We tested this hypothesis using a novel proteomics approach. DESIGN Forty HIV-infected participants were randomized to atorvastatin (40 mg/day) versus placebo, and underwent computed tomography coronary angiography to quantify plaque volume at baseline and 1 year. METHODS We used Olink Cardiovascular III and Cardiometabolic panels based on dual antibody epitope recognition with linked DNA amplification to compare change over time in 184 proteins in treatment versus placebo and in relation to change in coronary plaque volume. RESULTS Six proteins (TFPI, CCL24, NT-Pro BNP, MBL2, LTBR, PCOLCE) changed significantly in the atorvastatin versus placebo group, many in innate immune and other novel inflammatory pathways. Twenty-six proteins changed significantly in relationship to total coronary plaque volume over 1 year. Notably, many of these proteins changed only weakly in relationship to change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Overlapping these two broad discovery approaches, proteins involved in myocardial fibrosis/collagen formation and monocyte chemoattraction changed with statin treatment, in relationship to plaque volume, but not LDL. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study employing a proteomic discovery platform offers insight into statin effects on novel immune pathways relevant to ASCVD progression in HIV. Novel biomarker discovery may enhance precision medicine strategies to estimate the efficacy of targeted therapies to reduce ASCVD progression and events in HIV.
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27
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Klein T, Eckhard U, Dufour A, Solis N, Overall CM. Proteolytic Cleavage-Mechanisms, Function, and "Omic" Approaches for a Near-Ubiquitous Posttranslational Modification. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1137-1168. [PMID: 29265812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases enzymatically hydrolyze peptide bonds in substrate proteins, resulting in a widespread, irreversible posttranslational modification of the protein's structure and biological function. Often regarded as a mere degradative mechanism in destruction of proteins or turnover in maintaining physiological homeostasis, recent research in the field of degradomics has led to the recognition of two main yet unexpected concepts. First, that targeted, limited proteolytic cleavage events by a wide repertoire of proteases are pivotal regulators of most, if not all, physiological and pathological processes. Second, an unexpected in vivo abundance of stable cleaved proteins revealed pervasive, functionally relevant protein processing in normal and diseased tissue-from 40 to 70% of proteins also occur in vivo as distinct stable proteoforms with undocumented N- or C-termini, meaning these proteoforms are stable functional cleavage products, most with unknown functional implications. In this Review, we discuss the structural biology aspects and mechanisms of catalysis by different protease classes. We also provide an overview of biological pathways that utilize specific proteolytic cleavage as a precision control mechanism in protein quality control, stability, localization, and maturation, as well as proteolytic cleavage as a mediator in signaling pathways. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive overview of analytical methods and approaches to study activity and substrates of proteolytic enzymes in relevant biological models, both historical and focusing on state of the art proteomics techniques in the field of degradomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Klein
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nestor Solis
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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28
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Takawale A, Zhang P, Azad A, Wang W, Wang X, Murray AG, Kassiri Z. Myocardial overexpression of TIMP3 after myocardial infarction exerts beneficial effects by promoting angiogenesis and suppressing early proteolysis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H224-H236. [PMID: 28550172 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00108.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in loss of cardiomyocytes, adverse extracellular matrix (ECM) and structural remodeling, and left ventricular (LV) dilation and dysfunction. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the main regulators of ECM turnover. TIMPs also have MMP-independent functions. TIMP3 levels are reduced in the heart within 24 h of MI in mice. We investigated if overexpression of TIMP3 post-MI limits adverse remodeling and LV dilation and dysfunction. MI was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in 10- to 12-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice, and adenoviral constructs expressing human (h)TIMP3 (Ad-hTIMP3) or no TIMP (Ad-Null) were injected in the peri-infarct zone (5.4 × 107 plaque-forming units/heart, 5 injections/heart). Cardiac function assessed by echocardiography showed improved LV physiology and reduced LV dilation after TIMP3 overexpression compared with the Ad-Null-MI group. Post-MI adverse remodeling was attenuated in the Ad-hTIMP3-MI group, as assessed by greater cardiomyocyte density, less infarct expansion, and ECM disruption. TIMP3 overexpression blunted the early rise in proteolytic activities post-MI. A higher density of coronary arteries and a greater number of proliferating endothelial cells were detected in the infarct and peri-infarct regions in the Ad-hTIMP3-MI group compared with the Ad-Null-MI group. In vitro three-dimensional angiogenesis assay confirmed that recombinant TIMP3 promotes angiogenesis in human endothelial cells, although biphasically and in a dose-dependent manner. Intriguingly, overexpression of Ad-hTIMP3 at 10-fold higher concentration had no beneficial effects, consistent with antiangiogenic effects of TIMP3 at higher doses. In conclusion, optimal overexpression of TIMP3 can be a promising therapeutic approach to limit adverse post-MI remodeling by dually inhibiting early proteolysis and promoting angiogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we report that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 overexpression after myocardial infarction improves myocardial structural remodeling and function by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting early proteolysis. This demonstrates the therapeutic potential of preserving the local balance of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 in the heart given its diverse functions in modulating different processes involved in the adverse postmyocardial infarction remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Takawale
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abul Azad
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allan G Murray
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; .,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Cieplak P, Strongin AY. Matrix metalloproteinases - From the cleavage data to the prediction tools and beyond. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1952-1963. [PMID: 28347746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological role of any protease requires identification of both its cleavage substrates and their relative cleavage efficacy as compared with other substrates and other proteinases. Our review manuscript is focused on the cleavage preferences of the individual matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the cleavage similarity and distinction that exist in the human MMP family. The recent in-depth analysis of MMPs by us and many others greatly increased knowledge of the MMP biology and structural-functional relationships among this protease family members. A better knowledge of cleavage preferences of MMPs has led us to the development of the prediction tools that are now capable of the high throughput reliable prediction and ranking the MMP cleavage sites in the peptide sequences in silico. Our software unifies and consolidates volumes of the pre-existing data. Now this prediction-ranking in silico tool is ready to be used by others. The software we developed may facilitate both the identification of the novel proteolytic regulatory pathways and the discovery of the previously uncharacterized substrates of the individual MMPs. Because now the MMP research may be based on the mathematical probability parameters rather than on either random luck or common sense alone, the researchers armed with this novel in silico tool will be better equipped to fine-tune or, at least, to sharply focus their wet chemistry experiments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cieplak
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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30
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Marshall NC, Finlay BB, Overall CM. Sharpening Host Defenses during Infection: Proteases Cut to the Chase. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:S161-S171. [PMID: 28179412 PMCID: PMC5393396 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o116.066456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immune system consists of an intricate network of tightly controlled pathways, where proteases are essential instigators and executioners at multiple levels. Invading microbial pathogens also encode proteases that have evolved to manipulate and dysregulate host proteins, including host proteases during the course of disease. The identification of pathogen proteases as well as their substrates and mechanisms of action have empowered significant developments in therapeutics for infectious diseases. Yet for many pathogens, there remains a great deal to be discovered. Recently, proteomic techniques have been developed that can identify proteolytically processed proteins across the proteome. These “degradomics” approaches can identify human substrates of microbial proteases during infection in vivo and expose the molecular-level changes that occur in the human proteome during infection as an operational network to develop hypotheses for further research as well as new therapeutics. This Perspective Article reviews how proteases are utilized during infection by both the human host and invading bacterial pathogens, including archetypal virulence-associated microbial proteases, such as the Clostridia spp. botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins. We highlight the potential knowledge that degradomics studies of host–pathogen interactions would uncover, as well as how degradomics has been successfully applied in similar contexts, including use with a viral protease. We review how microbial proteases have been targeted in current therapeutic approaches and how microbial proteases have shaped and even contributed to human therapeutics beyond infectious disease. Finally, we discuss how, moving forward, degradomics research can greatly contribute to our understanding of how microbial pathogens cause disease in vivo and lead to the identification of novel substrates in vivo, and the development of improved therapeutics to counter these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Marshall
- From the ‡Department of Microbiology & Immunology.,§Michael Smith Laboratories
| | - B Brett Finlay
- From the ‡Department of Microbiology & Immunology.,§Michael Smith Laboratories.,¶Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
| | - Christopher M Overall
- ¶Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, .,**Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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Stone MJ, Hayward JA, Huang C, E Huma Z, Sanchez J. Mechanisms of Regulation of the Chemokine-Receptor Network. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E342. [PMID: 28178200 PMCID: PMC5343877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of chemokines with their G protein-coupled receptors promote the migration of leukocytes during normal immune function and as a key aspect of the inflammatory response to tissue injury or infection. This review summarizes the major cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which the interactions of chemokines with chemokine receptors are regulated, including: selective and competitive binding interactions; genetic polymorphisms; mRNA splice variation; variation of expression, degradation and localization; down-regulation by atypical (decoy) receptors; interactions with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans; post-translational modifications; oligomerization; alternative signaling responses; and binding to natural or pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Stone
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Jenni A Hayward
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Zil E Huma
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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32
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Elmoselhi H, Mansell H, Soliman M, Shoker A. Circulating chemokine ligand levels before and after successful kidney transplantation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2016; 13:32. [PMID: 27795695 PMCID: PMC5081672 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine ligands (CCLs) play a pivotal role in tissue injury before and after kidney transplantation. Meanwhile, transplantation improves patient's survival and diminishes morbidity. It is hypothesized, then, that kidney transplantation diminishes pre-transplant (pre-TX) levels of circulating inflammatory CCLs. This retrospective study compared circulating levels and profiles of CCLs before transplantation (pre-TX) and after transplantation (post-TX). METHODS Nineteen CCLs (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 24, 26, 27, CXCL 5, 8, 10, 12 and 13) were measured in 47 stable post-TX recipients, and their stored pre-TX plasma was analyzed by multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassay. Twenty normal controls were included for comparisons. Normalized data was presented as mean ± SD and non-normalized data as median (5-95 % CI). Significance was measured at p < 0.01. Arbitrary upper and lower margins for each CCL at the 95 % CI or 2SD levels in each group were chosen to calculate the percentile of patients in the other group who exceeded these limits. Significant CCL levels present in more than 75 % of patients in a group that exceeded the arbitrary upper or lower set margins in the other two groups were labeled as preferentially characteristic for the respective group. RESULTS More than 75 % of pre- and post-TX patients had levels that exceeded the upper control for CCL1, 11, 15 and CCL15, CCL26 and CXCL13 levels, respectively. More than 75 % of pre- and post-TX patients exceeded the lower control for CCL3, 21, and CCL5 limits, respectively. More than 75 % of post-TX patients demonstrated elevated levels of CCL2, 3, 21, 26 and CXCL13 above the upper pre-TX cut offs. Meanwhile, more than 75 % of post-TX patients exceeded the lower pre-TX levels for CCL1, 4, 5, 8, 13, 15, 17, 24 and CXCL8 and10. Pre-TX was preferentially characterized by elevated CCL1 and 15 and diminished CCL3 and 21. Post-TX was preferentially characterized by elevated CCL26 and CXCL13 and diminished CCL4 and 5. CONCLUSION End stage kidney disease is associated with enhanced circulating inflammatory chemokine levels. Stable kidney transplantation is associated with 1) lowered burden of circulating inflammatory chemokine levels and, 2) elevation in the pro T-helper2 chemokine, CCL26 and the homeostatic CXCL13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Elmoselhi
- St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Holly Mansell
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoker
- St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program, Saskatoon, SK Canada ; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
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33
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Koymans KJ, Bisschop A, Vughs MM, van Kessel KPM, de Haas CJC, van Strijp JAG. Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like Protein 1 and 5 (SSL1 & SSL5) Limit Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Migration through MMP-Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1072. [PMID: 27399672 PMCID: PMC4964448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that degrade components of the extracellular matrix, but also modulate inflammation. During bacterial infections, MMPs are important in the recruitment and migration of inflammatory cells. Besides facilitating cell migration by degrading extracellular matrix components, they potentiate the action of several inflammatory molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Staphylococcus aureus secretes an arsenal of immune evasion molecules that interfere with immune cell functioning and hamper proper immune responses. An earlier study identified staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 5 (SSL5) as an MMP9 inhibitor. Since multiple MMPs are involved in neutrophil recruitment, we set up an in-depth search for additional MMP inhibitors by testing a panel of over 70 secreted staphylococcal proteins on the inhibition of the two main neutrophil MMPs: MMP8 (neutrophil collagenase) and MMP9 (neutrophil gelatinase B). We identified SSL1 and SSL5 as potent inhibitors of both neutrophil MMPs and show that they are actually broad range MMP inhibitors. SSL1 and SSL5 prevent MMP-induced cleavage and potentiation of IL-8 and inhibit the migration of neutrophils through collagen. Thus, through MMP-inhibition, SSL1 and SSL5 interfere with neutrophil activation, chemotaxis, and migration, all vital neutrophil functions in bacterial clearance. Studies on MMP-SSL interactions can have therapeutic potential and SSL based derivatives might prove useful in treatment of cancer and destructive inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten J Koymans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Adinda Bisschop
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mignon M Vughs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kok P M van Kessel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Eckhard U, Marino G, Butler GS, Overall CM. Positional proteomics in the era of the human proteome project on the doorstep of precision medicine. Biochimie 2016; 122:110-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Monneau Y, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Lortat-Jacob H. The sweet spot: how GAGs help chemokines guide migrating cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:935-53. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr0915-440r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Poposki JA, Keswani A, Kim JK, Klingler AI, Suh LA, Norton J, Carter RG, Peters AT, Hulse KE, Grammer LC, Tan BK, Conley DB, Jaen JC, Schall TJ, Kern RC, Kato A. Tissue proteases convert CCL23 into potent monocyte chemoattractants in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1274-1277.e9. [PMID: 26560043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Poposki
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anjeni Keswani
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Julie K Kim
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Aiko I Klingler
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - James Norton
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Roderick G Carter
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | - Robert C Kern
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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Urbach C, Gordon NC, Strickland I, Lowne D, Joberty-Candotti C, May R, Herath A, Hijnen D, Thijs JL, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Minter RR, Hollfelder F, Jermutus L. Combinatorial Screening Identifies Novel Promiscuous Matrix Metalloproteinase Activities that Lead to Inhibition of the Therapeutic Target IL-13. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1442-1452. [PMID: 26548614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The practical realization of disease modulation by catalytic degradation of a therapeutic target protein suffers from the difficulty to identify candidate proteases, or to engineer their specificity. We identified 23 measurable, specific, and new protease activities using combinatorial screening of 27 human proteases against 24 therapeutic protein targets. We investigate the cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-13 by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteases, and demonstrate that cleavage of IL-13 leads to potent inhibition of its biological activity in vitro. MMP-8 degraded human IL-13 most efficiently in vitro and ex vivo in human IL-13 transgenic mouse bronchoalveolar lavage. Hence, MMP-8 is a therapeutic protease lead against IL-13 for inflammatory conditions whereby reported genetic and genomics data suggest an involvement of MMP-8. This work describes the first exploitation of human enzyme promiscuity for therapeutic applications, and reveals both starting points for protease-based therapies and potential new regulatory networks in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Urbach
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK.
| | - Nathaniel C Gordon
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Ian Strickland
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - David Lowne
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Richard May
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Athula Herath
- Non Clinical Biostatistics, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - DirkJan Hijnen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith L Thijs
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ralph R Minter
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Lutz Jermutus
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
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Inamoto S, Itatani Y, Yamamoto T, Minamiguchi S, Hirai H, Iwamoto M, Hasegawa S, Taketo MM, Sakai Y, Kawada K. Loss of SMAD4 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells through the CCL15-CCR1 Chemokine Axis. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:492-501. [PMID: 26341919 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that loss of SMAD4 promotes chemokine CCL15 expression to recruit CCR1(+) myeloid cells via the CCL15-CCR1 axis, which facilitates metastasis of colorectal cancer to the liver. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether essentially the same mechanism works in tumor invasion of the primary colorectal cancer and to evaluate the clinical importance of CCL15 expression and CCR1(+) cell accumulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using human colorectal cancer cell lines with reduced expression of SMAD4 or CCL15, we investigated tumor growth activities in vivo. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to investigate expression of SMAD4, CCL15, and CCR1 with 333 clinical specimens of primary colorectal cancer. We next characterized the CCR1(+) cells using double immunofluorescence staining with several specific cell-type markers. Finally, we determined the serum CCL15 levels in 132 colorectal cancer patients. RESULTS In an orthotopic xenograft model, CCL15 secreted from SMAD4-deficient colorectal cancer cells recruited CCR1(+) cells, resulting in aggressive tumor growth. IHC indicated that loss of SMAD4 was significantly associated with CCL15 expression, and that CCL15-positive primary colorectal cancers recruited approximately 2.2 times more numbers of CCR1(+) cells at their invasion front than CCL15-negative colorectal cancers. Importantly, these CCR1(+) cells were of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) phenotype (CD11b(+), CD33(+), and HLA-DR(-)). Most CCR1(+) cells showed the granulocytic-MDSC phenotype (CD15(+)), whereas some showed the monocytic-MDSC phenotype (CD14(+)). Serum CCL15 levels in colorectal cancer patients were significantly higher than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Blocking the recruitment of CCR1(+) MDSCs may represent a novel molecular-targeted therapy, and serum CCL15 concentration can be a novel biomarker for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Inamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Minamiguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyo Hirai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Suguru Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Yabluchanskiy A, Ma Y, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Altara R, Halade GV, Voorhees AP, Nguyen NT, Jin YF, Winniford MD, Hall ME, Han HC, Lindsey ML. Myocardial Infarction Superimposed on Aging: MMP-9 Deletion Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:475-83. [PMID: 25878031 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the combined effect of aging and myocardial infarction on left ventricular remodeling, focusing on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-dependent mechanisms. We enrolled 55 C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and 85 MMP-9 Null (Null) mice of both sexes at 11-36 months of age and evaluated their response at Day 7 post-myocardial infarction. Plasma MMP-9 levels positively linked to age in WT mice (r = .46, p = .001). MMP-9 deletion improved survival (76% for WT vs 88% for Null, p = .021). Post-myocardial infarction, there was a progressive increase in left ventricular dilation with age in WT but not in Null mice. By inflammatory gene array analysis, WT mice showed linear age-dependent increases in three different proinflammatory genes (C3, CCl4, and CX3CL1; all p < .05), whereas Null mice showed increases in three proinflammatory genes (CCL5, CCL9, and CXCL4; all p < .05) and seven anti-inflammatory genes (CCL1, CCL6, CCR1, IL11, IL1r2, IL8rb, and Mif; all p < .05). Compared with WT, macrophages isolated from Null left ventricle infarct demonstrated enhanced expression of anti-inflammatory M2 markers CD163, MRC1, TGF-β1, and YM1 (all p < .05), without affecting proinflammatory M1 markers. In conclusion, MMP-9 deletion stimulated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages to attenuate left ventricle dysfunction in the aging post-myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Andrew P Voorhees
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Department of Mechanical Engineering and
| | - Nguyen T Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Michael D Winniford
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Cardiology Division, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Cardiology Division, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Hai-Chao Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Department of Mechanical Engineering and
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
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Repnik U, Starr AE, Overall CM, Turk B. Cysteine Cathepsins Activate ELR Chemokines and Inactivate Non-ELR Chemokines. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13800-11. [PMID: 25833952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are primarily lysosomal proteases involved in general protein turnover, but they also have specific proteolytic functions in antigen presentation and bone remodeling. Cathepsins are most stable at acidic pH, although growing evidence indicates that they have physiologically relevant activity also at neutral pH. Post-translational proteolytic processing of mature chemokines is a key, yet underappreciated, level of chemokine regulation. Although the role of selected serine proteases and matrix metalloproteases in chemokine processing has long been known, little has been reported about the role of cysteine cathepsins. Here we evaluated cleavage of CXC ELR (CXCL1, -2, -3, -5, and -8) and non-ELR (CXCL9-12) chemokines by cysteine cathepsins B, K, L, and S at neutral pH by high resolution Tris-Tricine SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Whereas cathepsin B cleaved chemokines especially in the C-terminal region, cathepsins K, L, and S cleaved chemokines at the N terminus with glycosaminoglycans modulating cathepsin processing of chemokines. The functional consequences of the cleavages were determined by Ca(2+) mobilization and chemotaxis assays. We show that cysteine cathepsins inactivate and in some cases degrade non-ELR CXC chemokines CXCL9-12. In contrast, cathepsins specifically process ELR CXC chemokines CXCL1, -2, -3, -5, and -8 N-terminally to the ELR motif, thereby generating agonist forms. This study suggests that cysteine cathepsins regulate chemokine activity and thereby leukocyte recruitment during protective or pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Repnik
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Amanda E Starr
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher M Overall
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada, the Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada,
| | - Boris Turk
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, the Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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41
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Sabino F, Hermes O, Egli FE, Kockmann T, Schlage P, Croizat P, Kizhakkedathu JN, Smola H, auf dem Keller U. In vivo assessment of protease dynamics in cutaneous wound healing by degradomics analysis of porcine wound exudates. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 14:354-70. [PMID: 25516628 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.043414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases control complex tissue responses by modulating inflammation, cell proliferation and migration, and matrix remodeling. All these processes are orchestrated in cutaneous wound healing to restore the skin's barrier function upon injury. Altered protease activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of healing impairments, and proteases are important targets in diagnosis and therapy of this pathology. Global assessment of proteolysis at critical turning points after injury will define crucial events in acute healing that might be disturbed in healing disorders. As optimal biospecimens, wound exudates contain an ideal proteome to detect extracellular proteolytic events, are noninvasively accessible, and can be collected at multiple time points along the healing process from the same wound in the clinics. In this study, we applied multiplexed Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates (TAILS) to globally assess proteolysis in early phases of cutaneous wound healing. By quantitative analysis of proteins and protein N termini in wound fluids from a clinically relevant pig wound model, we identified more than 650 proteins and discerned major healing phases through distinctive abundance clustering of markers of inflammation, granulation tissue formation, and re-epithelialization. TAILS revealed a high degree of proteolysis at all time points after injury by detecting almost 1300 N-terminal peptides in ∼450 proteins. Quantitative positional proteomics mapped pivotal interdependent processing events in the blood coagulation and complement cascades, temporally discerned clotting and fibrinolysis during the healing process, and detected processing of complement C3 at distinct time points after wounding and by different proteases. Exploiting data on primary cleavage specificities, we related candidate proteases to cleavage events and revealed processing of the integrin adapter protein kindlin-3 by caspase-3, generating new hypotheses for protease-substrate relations in the healing skin wound in vivo. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with identifier PXD001198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sabino
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Hermes
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian E Egli
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schlage
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Croizat
- §Paul Hartmann AG, Paul Hartmann Strasse 12, 89522 Heidenheim, Germany
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- ¶University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Chemistry, Centre for Blood Research, 4.401 Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Hans Smola
- §Paul Hartmann AG, Paul Hartmann Strasse 12, 89522 Heidenheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich auf dem Keller
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Nomiyama H, Yoshie O. Functional roles of evolutionary conserved motifs and residues in vertebrate chemokine receptors. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:39-47. [PMID: 25416815 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ru0614-290r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors regulate cell migration and homing. They belong to the rhodopsin-like family of GPCRs. Their ancestor genes emerged in the early stages of vertebrate evolution. Since then, the family has been greatly expanded through whole and segmental genome duplication events. During evolution, many amino acid changes have been introduced in individual chemokine receptors, but certain motifs and residues are highly conserved. Previously, we proposed a nomenclature system of the vertebrate chemokine receptors based on their evolutionary history and phylogenetic analyses. With the use of this classification system, we are now able to confidently assign the species orthologs of vertebrate chemokine receptors. Here, we systematically analyze conserved motifs and residues of each group of orthologous chemokine receptors that may play important roles in their signaling and biologic functions. Our present analysis may provide useful information on how individual chemokine receptors are activated upon ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Nomiyama
- *Department of Molecular Enzymology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan; and Department of Microbiology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshie
- *Department of Molecular Enzymology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan; and Department of Microbiology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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43
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Gomez-Rodriguez V, Orbe J, Martinez-Aguilar E, Rodriguez JA, Fernandez-Alonso L, Serneels J, Bobadilla M, Perez-Ruiz A, Collantes M, Mazzone M, Paramo JA, Roncal C. Functional MMP-10 is required for efficient tissue repair after experimental hind limb ischemia. FASEB J 2014; 29:960-72. [PMID: 25414484 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We studied the role of matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) during skeletal muscle repair after ischemia using a model of femoral artery excision in wild-type (WT) and MMP-10 deficient (Mmp10(-/-)) mice. Functional changes were analyzed by small animal positron emission tomography and tissue morphology by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression and protein analysis were used to study the molecular mechanisms governed by MMP-10 in hypoxia. Early after ischemia, MMP-10 deficiency resulted in delayed tissue reperfusion (10%, P < 0.01) and in increased necrosis (2-fold, P < 0.01), neutrophil (4-fold, P < 0.01), and macrophage (1.5-fold, P < 0.01) infiltration. These differences at early time points resulted in delayed myotube regeneration in Mmp10(-/-) soleus at later stages (regenerating myofibers: 30 ± 9% WT vs. 68 ± 10% Mmp10(-/-), P < 0.01). The injection of MMP-10 into Mmp10(-/-) mice rescued the observed phenotype. A molecular analysis revealed higher levels of Cxcl1 mRNA (10-fold, P < 0.05) and protein (30%) in the ischemic Mmp10(-/-) muscle resulting from a lack of transcriptional inhibition by MMP-10. This was further confirmed using siRNA against MMP-10 in vivo. Our results demonstrate an important role of MMP-10 for proper muscle repair after ischemia, and suggest that chemokine regulation such as Cxcl1 by MMP-10 is involved in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Gomez-Rodriguez
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Martinez-Aguilar
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Fernandez-Alonso
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jens Serneels
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Bobadilla
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Perez-Ruiz
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Collantes
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose A Paramo
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Roncal
- *Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Cell Therapy Area, Division of Cancer, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hopitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, CIMA and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Goodlad C, Tam FWK, Ahmad S, Bhangal G, North BV, Brown EA. Dialysate cytokine levels do not predict encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Perit Dial Int 2014; 34:594-604. [PMID: 24584593 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but devastating complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). There is no well-validated method for predicting which patients will develop the condition, although known risk factors include long duration of PD, high glucose exposure and lack of residual renal function. We have investigated whether dialysate cytokines (MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1), CCL18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated cytokine, PARC), IL-6 (interleukin-6), CCL15 (leukotactin) and angiogenin) could be used to predict the onset of EPS more effectively than known clinical risk factors. METHODS Samples of dialysate and clinical data were prospectively collected from 151 patients at the West London Renal center between 2003 and 2010. Dialysate cytokine levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) technique. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis subsequently developed in 17 patients during a follow-up period of 27 - 113 months. Cytokines found at higher levels in dialysate of pre-EPS patients were investigated as candidate predictors of EPS using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Dialysate IL-6, MCP-1 and CCL15 were significantly higher in patients who subsequently developed EPS; however, a logistic regression model using dialysate cytokines to predict EPS was no better than a model using well-recognized clinical markers (length of time on PD and membrane transport status). CONCLUSIONS Although MCP-1, IL-6 and CCL15 were found at higher levels in the dialysate of patients who subsequently developed EPS, dialysate levels of these cytokines do not improve prediction of future EPS above a model using known clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Goodlad
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and Senior Statistician, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick W K Tam
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and Senior Statistician, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and Senior Statistician, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gurjeet Bhangal
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and Senior Statistician, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard V North
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and Senior Statistician, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edwina A Brown
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and Senior Statistician, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Li CM, Hou L, Zhang H, Zhang WY. CCL17 Induces Trophoblast Migration and Invasion by Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase and Integrin Expression in Human First-Trimester Placenta. Reprod Sci 2014:1933719113519170. [PMID: 24401476 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113519170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been implicated a pivotal role in trophoblast differentiation and in the formation of a functionally normal placenta. In this study, we present data that highlight the involvement of chemokine ligand 17/chemokine receptor 4 (CCL17/CCR4) expression at the fetomaternal interface and expand its biological relevance of influence during trophoblast differentiation and placentation. By immunohistochemistry, we found that CCL17 was abundantly expressed in the decidua and trophoblasts, especially in cell columns. The receptor for CCL17, CCR4, was specifically expressed in invading interstitial extravillous trophoblasts. Furthermore, by transwell migration, invasion assays, and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, we found that exogenous CCL17 concentrations paralleled the invasive potential of cytotrophoblasts to some extent, with no significant effect on cell proliferation. Using Western blotting, we demonstrated that the stimulatory effect of CCL17 was related to the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-13, integrin α5, and integrin β1, although it downregulated tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CCL17, as a differentiation-related molecule coexpressed by decidua and trophoblast, stimulates extravillous trophoblast migration and directs invasion mainly via modulating integrins, MMPs, and its inhibitor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Hou
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W Y Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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46
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Hendry RG, Bilawchuk LM, Marchant DJ. Targeting matrix metalloproteinase activity and expression for the treatment of viral myocarditis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2014; 7:212-25. [PMID: 24381086 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious agents including viruses can infect the heart muscle, resulting in the development of heart inflammation called myocarditis. Chronic myocarditis can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM develops from the extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling caused by myocarditis and may result in heart failure. Epidemiological data for viral myocarditis has long suggested a worse pathology in males, with more recent data demonstrating sex-dependent pathogenesis in DCM as well. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), long known modulators of the extracellular matrix, have important roles in mediating heart inflammation and remodeling during disease and in convalescence. This ability of MMPs to control both the inflammatory response and ECM remodeling during myocarditis makes them potential drug targets. In this review, we analyze the role of MMPs in mediating myocarditis/DCM disease progression, their sex-dependent expression, and their potential as drug targets during viral myocarditis and DCM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/drug therapy
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/enzymology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/immunology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/virology
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Humans
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myocarditis/drug therapy
- Myocarditis/enzymology
- Myocarditis/genetics
- Myocarditis/immunology
- Myocarditis/virology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/immunology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/virology
- Sex Factors
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid G Hendry
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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47
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Butler GS, Overall CM. Matrix metalloproteinase processing of signaling molecules to regulate inflammation. Periodontol 2000 2013; 63:123-48. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Mansell H, Rosaasen N, Dean J, Shoker A. Evidence of enhanced systemic inflammation in stable kidney transplant recipients with low Framingham risk scores. Clin Transplant 2013; 27:E391-9. [PMID: 23782452 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the Framingham risk score (FRS) predicts cardiovascular risk in the general population, it underestimates cardiovascular events in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Inflammation is common in RTR, and it is also a hallmark of vascular injury contributing to cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between inflammatory chemokines (CCL family) and FRS in a stable RTR. METHODS The modified FRS (2009) was used to calculate the 10-yr probability of CVE in 150 RTR. A cross-sectional study measured plasma levels of 14 CCLs by Luminex technique in 53% (79/150) of the cohort and 28 controls. RESULTS 43.3% of RTR was classified as low, 16% moderate, and 40.7% high FRS. FRS correlated with eGFR and all CCLs with R of <0.2(p = n.s). Compared with controls, CCL 1,4,8,15, and 27 were equally increased in both the high and low FRS groups (p < 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). The percentage of patients with low FRS and CCL 8,15, and 27 values above the 95% cutoff control levels was 46.1%, 76.9%, and 53.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Over one half of stable RTR, including those with low FRS, have increased inflammatory chemokine levels. Inflammation is not accounted for in the FRS, and this may explain the poor performance of FRS in transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Mansell
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
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49
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Marco M, Fortin C, Fulop T. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases: key mediators of leukocyte function. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:237-46. [PMID: 23695309 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0612267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes are major cellular effectors of the immune response. To accomplish this task, these cells display a vast arsenal of proteinases, among which, members of the MMP family are especially important. Leukocytes express several members of the MMP family, including secreted- and membrane-anchored MT- MMPs, which synergistically orchestrate an appropriate proteolytic reaction that ultimately modulates immunological responses. The MT-MMP subfamily comprises TM- and GPI-anchored proteinases, which are targeted to well-defined membrane microdomains and exhibit different substrate specificities. Whereas much information exists on the biological roles of secreted MMPs in leukocytes, the roles of MT-MMPs remain relatively obscure. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression of MT-MMPs in leukocyte and their contribution to the immune responses and to pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica Facultad de Química, Gral. Flores 2124, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay CP 11800.
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50
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Missing the target: matrix metalloproteinase antitargets in inflammation and cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:233-42. [PMID: 23541335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are reputed to cause the inflammatory tissue destruction characterizing chronic inflammatory diseases and to degrade basement membrane collagen, thereby facilitating cancer cell metastasis. However, following the disappointing MMP drug cancer trials, recent studies using mouse models of disease coupled with high-throughput methods for substrate discovery have revealed surprising and unexpected new biological roles of MMPs in inflammatory diseases and cancer in vivo. Thus, MMPs modify signaling pathways and regulate the activity of whole families of cytokines of the immune response by precise proteolytic processing. By cleaving and inactivating cytokine-binding proteins and protease inhibitors, cytokine activities are unmasked and activities of diverse proteases are increased in an interconnected protease web. With new substrates come new roles, and 10 of 24 murine MMPs have antitumorigenic and anti-inflammatory roles making them drug antitargets; that is, their beneficial actions should not be inhibited. Here, we examine whether the discovery that MMPs are drug antitargets for one disease might pave the way for their use for other indications or whether this is a serious threat to the development of MMP inhibitors.
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