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Gao T, Cheng S, Lu H, Li X, Weng X, Ge J. Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein 1 Improves Critical Limb Ischemia by Regulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4859. [PMID: 38068718 PMCID: PMC10708213 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that typically occurs in the later stages of the disease. Vascularization is indeed an important physiological process involving the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. It occurs in response to various normal and pathophysiological conditions, and one of its critical roles is to compensate for inadequate oxygen supply, which is often seen in situations like chronic limb ischemia (CLI). Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (Hint1) is a member of the Hint family that has been shown to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy, but its role in vascularization still needs to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the role of Hint1 in CLI. We found that Hint1 is significantly reduced in the muscle tissue of STZ-induced diabetic mice and high-glucose (HG)-treated endothelial cells (ECs). Hint1 deletion impaired blood flow recovery and vascularization, whereas Hint1 overexpression promoted these processes. In addition, our in vitro study showed that Hint1 deficiency aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction in ECs, as evidenced by impaired mitochondrial respiration, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased reactive oxygen species. Our findings suggest that Hint1 deficiency impairs blood perfusion by damaging mitochondrial function and that Hint1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for treating CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Rizhao International Heart Hospital, Rizhao 276825, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Dillenburg M, Smith J, Wagner CR. The Many Faces of Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 (HINT1). ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1310-1322. [PMID: 37854629 PMCID: PMC10580397 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a nucleoside phosphoramidase that has garnered interest due to its widespread expression and participation in a broad range of biological processes. Herein, we discuss the role of HINT1 as a regulator of several CNS functions, tumor suppressor, and mast cell activator via its interactions with multiple G-protein-coupled receptors and transcription factors. Importantly, altered HINT1 expression and mutation are connected to the progression of multiple disease states, including several neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral neuropathy, and tumorigenesis. Additionally, due to its involvement in the activation of several clinically used phosphoramidate prodrugs, tremendous efforts have been made to better understand the interactions behind nucleoside binding and phosphoramidate hydrolysis by HINT1. We detail the substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of HINT1 hydrolysis, while highlighting the structural biology behind these efforts. The aim of this review is to summarize the multitude of biological and pharmacological functions in which HINT1 participates while addressing the areas of need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Dillenburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Krakowiak A, Czernek L, Pichlak M, Kaczmarek R. Intracellular HINT1-Assisted Hydrolysis of Nucleoside 5'- O-Selenophosphate Leads to the Release of Hydrogen Selenide That Exhibits Toxic Effects in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020607. [PMID: 35054788 PMCID: PMC8775712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a new selenium derivative, 2′-deoxyguanosine-5′-O-selenophosphate (dGMPSe), synthesized by the oxathiaphospholane method and adapted here for the synthesis of nucleoside selenophosphates. Using biochemical assays (HPLC- and fluorescence-based), we investigated the enzymatic activity of HINT1 towards dGMPSe in comparison with the corresponding thiophosphate nucleoside, i.e., dGMPS. Both substrates showed similar kcat and a small difference in Km, and during the reactions the release of reducing agents such as H2Se and H2S were expected and detected. MTT viability assay and microscopic analysis showed that dGMPSe was toxic to HeLa cancer cells, and this cytotoxicity was due to the release of H2Se. The release of H2Se or H2S in the living cells after administration of dGMPSe and/or dGMPS, both without carrier and by electroporation, was observed using a fluorescence assay, as previously for NMPS. In conclusion, our comparative experiments with dGMPSe and dGMPS indicate that the HINT1 enzyme is capable of converting (d)NMPSe to (d)NMP and H2Se, both in vitro and intracellularly. Since the anticancer activity of various selenium compounds depends on the formation of hydrogen selenide, the actual inducer of cell death, we propose that selenium-containing nucleotides represent another option as novel compounds with anticancer therapeutic potential.
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Nucleoside 5'-Phosphoramidates Control the Phenylpropanoid Pathway in Vitis vinifera Suspension-Cultured Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413567. [PMID: 34948365 PMCID: PMC8704414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that cells contain various uncommon nucleotides such as dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpnN’s) and adenosine 5′-phosphoramidate (NH2-pA) belonging to nucleoside 5′-phosphoramidates (NH2-pNs). Their cellular levels are enzymatically controlled. Some of them are accumulated in cells under stress, and therefore, they could act as signal molecules. Our previous research carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana and grape (Vitis vinifera) showed that NpnN’s induced the expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and favored the accumulation of their products, which protect plants against stress. Moreover, we found that NH2-pA could play a signaling role in Arabidopsis seedlings. Data presented in this paper show that exogenously applied purine (NH2-pA, NH2-pG) and pyrimidine (NH2-pU, NH2-pC) nucleoside 5′-phosphoramidates can modify the expression of genes that control the biosynthesis of both stilbenes and lignin in Vitis vinifera cv. Monastrell suspension-cultured cells. We investigated the expression of genes encoding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL1), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H1), 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL1), chalcone synthase (CHS1), stilbene synthase (STS1), cinnamoyl-coenzyme A:NADP oxidoreductase (CCR2), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD1). Each of the tested NH2-pNs also induced the expression of the trans-resveratrol cell membrane transporter VvABCG44 gene and caused the accumulation of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid in grape cells as well as in the culture medium. NH2-pC, however, evoked the most effective induction of phenylpropanoid pathway genes such as PAL1, C4H1, 4CL1, and STS1. Moreover, this nucleotide also induced at short times the accumulation of N-benzoylputrescine (BenPut), one of the phenylamides that are derivatives of phenylpropanoid and polyamines. The investigated nucleotides did not change either the lignin content or the cell dry weight, nor did they affect the cell viability throughout the experiment. The results suggest that nucleoside 5′-phosphoramidates could be considered as new signaling molecules.
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Brunotte L, Zheng S, Mecate-Zambrano A, Tang J, Ludwig S, Rescher U, Schloer S. Combination Therapy with Fluoxetine and the Nucleoside Analog GS-441524 Exerts Synergistic Antiviral Effects against Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091400. [PMID: 34575474 PMCID: PMC8466181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires efficient and safe antiviral treatment strategies. Drug repurposing represents a fast and low-cost approach to the development of new medical treatment options. The direct antiviral agent remdesivir has been reported to exert antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Whereas remdesivir only has a very short half-life time and a bioactivation, which relies on pro-drug activating enzymes, its plasma metabolite GS-441524 can be activated through various kinases including the adenosine kinase (ADK) that is moderately expressed in all tissues. The pharmacokinetics of GS-441524 argue for a suitable antiviral drug that can be given to patients with COVID-19. Here, we analyzed the antiviral property of a combined treatment with the remdesivir metabolite GS-441524 and the antidepressant fluoxetine in a polarized Calu-3 cell culture model against SARS-CoV-2. The combined treatment with GS-441524 and fluoxetine were well-tolerated and displayed synergistic antiviral effects against three circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro in the commonly used reference models for drug interaction. Thus, combinatory treatment with the virus-targeting GS-441524 and the host-directed drug fluoxetine might offer a suitable therapeutic treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Brunotte
- Institute of Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuyu Zheng
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (S.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Angeles Mecate-Zambrano
- Institute of Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (S.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Institut-Associated Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Schloer
- Institut-Associated Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and “Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2518352113; Fax: +49-2518356748
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Dolot R, Krakowiak A, Kaczmarek R, Włodarczyk A, Pichlak M, Nawrot B. Biochemical, crystallographic and biophysical characterization of histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 with different ligands including a non-hydrolyzable analog of Ap4A. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129968. [PMID: 34329705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human HINT2 is an important mitochondrial enzyme involved in many processes such as apoptosis and bioenergetics, but its endogenous substrates and the three-dimensional structure of the full-length protein have not been identified yet. METHODS An HPLC assay was used to test the hydrolytic activity of HINT2 against various adenosine, guanosine, and 2'-deoxyguanosine derivatives containing phosphate bonds of different types and different leaving groups. Data on binding affinity were obtained by microscale thermophoresis (MST). Crystal structures of HINT2, in its apo form and with a dGMP ligand, were resolved to atomic resolution. RESULTS HINT2 substrate specificity was similar to that of HINT1, but with the major exception of remarkable discrimination against substrates lacking the 2'-hydroxyl group. The biochemical results were consistent with binding affinity measurements. They showed a similar binding strength of AMP and GMP to HINT2, and much weaker binding of dGMP, in contrast to HINT1. A non-hydrolyzable analog of Ap4A (JB419) interacted with both proteins with similar Kd and Ap4A is the signaling molecule that can interact with hHINT1 and regulate the activity of some transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS Several forms of homo- and heterodimers of different lengths of N-terminally truncated polypeptides resulting from degradation of the full-length protein were described. Ser144 in HINT2 appeared to be functionally equivalent to Ser107 in HINT1 by supporting the protonation of the leaving group in the hydrolytic mechanism of HINT2. SIGNIFICANCE Our results should be considered in future studies on the natural function of HINT2 and its role in nucleotide prodrug processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Dolot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Krakowiak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Renata Kaczmarek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Artur Włodarczyk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Pichlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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Zhang Y, Da Q, Cao S, Yan K, Shi Z, Miao Q, Li C, Hu L, Sun S, Wu W, Wu L, Chen F, Wang L, Gao Y, Huang Z, Shao Y, Chen H, Wei Y, Chen F, Han Y, Xie L, Ji Y. HINT1 (Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein 1) Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy Via Suppressing HOXA5 (Homeobox A5) Expression. Circulation 2021; 144:638-654. [PMID: 34098726 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is an important prepathology of, and will ultimately lead to, heart failure. However, the mechanisms underlying pathological cardiac hypertrophy remain largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of HINT1 (histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1) in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. METHODS HINT1 was downregulated in human hypertrophic heart samples compared with nonhypertrophic samples by mass spectrometry analysis. Hint1 knockout mice were challenged with transverse aortic constriction surgery. Cardiac-specific overexpression of HINT1 mice by intravenous injection of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-encoding Hint1 under the cTnT (cardiac troponin T) promoter were subjected to transverse aortic construction. Unbiased transcriptional analyses were used to identify the downstream targets of HINT1. AAV9 bearing shRNA against Hoxa5 (homeobox A5) was administrated to investigate whether the effects of HINT1 on cardiac hypertrophy were HOXA5-dependent. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to recapitulate possible changes in transcriptome profile.Coimmunoprecipitation assays and cellular fractionation analyses were conducted to examine the mechanism by which HINT1 regulates the expression of HOXA5. RESULTS The reduction of HINT1 expression was observed in the hearts of hypertrophic patients and pressure overloaded-induced hypertrophic mice, respectively. In Hint1-deficient mice, cardiac hypertrophy deteriorated after transverse aortic construction. Conversely, cardiac-specific overexpression of HINT1 alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Unbiased profiler polymerase chain reaction array showed HOXA5 is 1 target for HINT1, and the cardioprotective role of HINT1 was abolished by HOXA5 knockdown in vivo. Hoxa5 was identified to affect hypertrophy through the TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) signal pathway. Mechanically, HINT1 inhibited PKCβ1 (protein kinase C β type 1) membrane translocation and phosphorylation via direct interaction, attenuating the MEK/ERK/YY1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/yin yang 1) signal pathway, downregulating HOXA5 expression, and eventually attenuating cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS HINT1 protects against cardiac hypertrophy through suppressing HOXA5 expression. These findings indicate that HINT1 may be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Qiang Da
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Siyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Ke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Zhiguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Qing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Lulu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Departments of Bioinformatics (W.W., L.Wu)
| | | | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.).,Forensic Medicine (Feng Chen, MD, PhD)
| | | | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (Z.H.)
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Cardiovascular Surgery (Y.S.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.W., Feng Chen, PhD), Nanjing Medical University
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.W., Feng Chen, PhD), Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yi Han
- Departments of Geriatrics (Y.H.)
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.).,The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School (L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.).,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Y.J.)
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Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds play a vital role as nucleic acids, nucleotide coenzymes, metabolic intermediates and are involved in many biochemical processes. They are part of DNA, RNA, ATP and a number of important biological elements of living organisms. Synthetic compounds of this class have found practical application as agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, bioregulators, and othrs. In recent years, a large number of phosphorus compounds containing P-O, P-N, P-C bonds have been isolated from natural sources. Many of them have shown interesting biological properties and have become the objects of intensive scientific research. Most of these compounds contain asymmetric centers, the absolute configurations of which have a significant effect on the biological properties of the products of their transformations. This area of research on natural phosphorus compounds is still little-studied, that prompted us to analyze and discuss it in our review. Moreover natural organophosphorus compounds represent interesting models for the development of new biologically active compounds, and a number of promising drugs and agrochemicals have already been obtained on their basis. The review also discusses the history of the development of ideas about the role of organophosphorus compounds and stereochemistry in the origin of life on Earth, starting from the prebiotic period, that allows us in a new way to consider this most important problem of fundamental science.
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Amor-Barris S, Høyer H, Brauteset LV, De Vriendt E, Strand L, Jordanova A, Braathen GJ, Peeters K. HINT1 neuropathy in Norway: clinical, genetic and functional profiling. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:116. [PMID: 33663550 PMCID: PMC7934415 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia has been linked to loss of functional HINT1. The disease is particularly prevalent in Central and South-East Europe, Turkey and Russia due to the high carrier frequency of the c.110G > C (p.Arg37Pro) founder variant. Results In a cohort of 748 Norwegian patients with suspected peripheral neuropathy, we identified two seemingly unrelated individuals, compound heterozygous for a new variant (c.284G > A, p.Arg95Gln) and the most common pathogenic founder variant (c.110G > C, p.Arg37Pro) in the HINT1 gene. Probands presented with motor greater than sensory neuropathy of various onset, accompanied by muscle stiffness and cramps in the limbs. Furthermore, they displayed non-classical symptoms, including pain in the extremities and signs of central nervous system involvement. Haplotype analysis in both patients revealed a common chromosomal background for p.Arg95Gln; moreover, the variant was identified in Swedish carriers. Functional characterization in HINT1-knockout and patient-derived cellular models, and in HNT1-knockout yeast, suggested that the new variant is deleterious for the function of HINT1 and provided mechanistic insights allowing patient stratification for future treatment strategies. Conclusion Our findings broaden the genetic epidemiology of HINT1-neuropathy and have implications for molecular diagnostics of inherited peripheral neuropathies in Scandinavia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Amor-Barris
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Unversiteitsplein 1, Building V, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Helle Høyer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Sykehuset Telemark, Postboks 2900 Kjørbekk, 3710, Skien, Norway
| | - Lin V Brauteset
- Division Elverum-Hamar, Department of Children and Youth, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway
| | - Els De Vriendt
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Unversiteitsplein 1, Building V, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Linda Strand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Sykehuset Telemark, Postboks 2900 Kjørbekk, 3710, Skien, Norway
| | - Albena Jordanova
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Unversiteitsplein 1, Building V, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Geir J Braathen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Sykehuset Telemark, Postboks 2900 Kjørbekk, 3710, Skien, Norway.
| | - Kristien Peeters
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Unversiteitsplein 1, Building V, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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10
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Yan VC, Pham CD, Arthur K, Yang KL, Muller FL. Aliphatic amines are viable pro-drug moieties in phosphonoamidate drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127656. [PMID: 33130289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate and phosphonates containing a single PN bond are frequently used pro-drug motifs to improve cell permeability of these otherwise anionic moieties. Upon entry into the cell, the PN bond is cleaved by phosphoramidases to release the active agent. Here, we apply a novel mono-amidation strategy to our laboratory's phosphonate-containing glycolysis inhibitor and show that a diverse panel of phosphonoamidates may be rapidly generated for in vitro screening. We show that, in contrast to the canonical l-alanine or benzylamine moieties which have previously been reported as efficacious pro-drug moieties, small and long-chain aliphatic amines demonstrate greater drug release efficacy for our phosphonate inhibitor. These results expand the scope of possible amine pro-drugs that can be used as second pro-drug leave groups for phosphate or phosphonate-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Yan
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Cong-Dat Pham
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Kenisha Arthur
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kristine L Yang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Florian L Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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11
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Radzikowska E, Kaczmarek R, Korczyński D, Krakowiak A, Mikołajczyk B, Baraniak J, Guga P, Wheeler KA, Pawlak T, Nawrot B. P-stereocontrolled synthesis of oligo(nucleoside N3'→O5' phosphoramidothioate)s - opportunities and limitations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35185-35197. [PMID: 35515667 PMCID: PMC9056831 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04987e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
3'-N-(2-Thio-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane) derivatives of 5'-O-DMT-3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxy-ribonucleosides (NOTP-N), that bear a 4,4-unsubstituted, 4,4-dimethyl, or 4,4-pentamethylene substituted oxathiaphospholane ring, were synthesized. Within these three series, NOTP-N differed by canonical nucleobases (i.e., AdeBz, CytBz, GuaiBu, or Thy). The monomers were chromatographically separated into P-diastereomers, which were further used to prepare NNPSN' dinucleotides (3), as well as short P-stereodefined oligo(deoxyribonucleoside N3'→O5' phosphoramidothioate)s (NPS-) and chimeric NPS/PO- and NPS/PS-oligomers. The condensation reaction for NOTP-N monomers was found to be 5-6 times slower than the analogous OTP derivatives. When the 5'-end nucleoside of a growing oligomer adopts a C3'-endo conformation, a conformational 'clash' with the incoming NOTP-N monomer takes place, which is a main factor decreasing the repetitive yield of chain elongation. Although both isomers of NNPSN' were digested by the HINT1 phosphoramidase enzyme, the isomers hydrolyzed at a faster rate were tentatively assigned the R P absolute configuration. This assignment is supported by X-ray analysis of the protected dinucleotide DMTdGiBu NPSMeTOAc, which is P-stereoequivalent to the hydrolyzed faster P-diastereomer of dGNPST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Radzikowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Renata Kaczmarek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Dariusz Korczyński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krakowiak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Barbara Mikołajczyk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Janina Baraniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Piotr Guga
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Kraig A Wheeler
- Whitworth University, Department of Chemistry 300 W. Hawthorne Rd. Spokane WA 99251 USA
| | - Tomasz Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
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12
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Matsuki Y, Saito T, Nakano Y, Hashimoto S, Matsuo Y, Inada T. Crucial role of leaky initiation of uORF3 in the downregulation of HNT1 by ER stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:186-192. [PMID: 32475637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
eIF2α phosphorylation-mediated translational regulation is crucial for global repression of translation by various stresses, including the unfolded protein response (UPR) in eukaryotes. Although translational control during UPR has not been extensively investigated in S. cerevisiae, Hac1-mediated production of long transcripts containing uORFs was shown to repress the translation of histidine triad nucleotide-binding 1 (HNT1) mRNA. The present study showed that uORF3 is required for HNT1 expression, as well as down-regulating HNT1 translation. Translation initiation by uORF3 is inefficient, with uORF3 having a strong Kozak sequence efficiently repressing the translation of HNT1. We propose that leaky scanning of uORF3 is responsible for the downregulation of HNT1 during UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Matsuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taishi Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yu Nakano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsuo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Inada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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13
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Yan VC, Muller FL. Advantages of the Parent Nucleoside GS-441524 over Remdesivir for Covid-19 Treatment. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1361-1366. [PMID: 32665809 PMCID: PMC7315846 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While remdesivir has garnered much hope for its moderate anti-Covid-19 effects, its parent nucleoside, GS-441524, has been overlooked. Pharmacokinetic analysis of remdesivir evidences premature serum hydrolysis to GS-441524; GS-441524 is the predominant metabolite reaching the lungs. With its synthetic simplicity and in vivo efficacy in the veterinary setting, we contend that GS-441524 is superior to remdesivir for Covid-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C. Yan
- Department of Cancer Systems
Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson
Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Florian L. Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems
Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson
Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
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14
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Pietrowska-Borek M, Dobrogojski J, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Borek S. New Insight into Plant Signaling: Extracellular ATP and Uncommon Nucleotides. Cells 2020; 9:E345. [PMID: 32024306 PMCID: PMC7072326 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New players in plant signaling are described in detail in this review: extracellular ATP (eATP) and uncommon nucleotides such as dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpnN's), adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate (NH2-pA), and extracellular NAD+ and NADP+ (eNAD(P)+). Recent molecular, physiological, and biochemical evidence implicating concurrently the signaling role of eATP, NpnN's, and NH2-pA in plant biology and the mechanistic events in which they are involved are discussed. Numerous studies have shown that they are often universal signaling messengers, which trigger a signaling cascade in similar reactions and processes among different kingdoms. We also present here, not described elsewhere, a working model of the NpnN' and NH2-pA signaling network in a plant cell where these nucleotides trigger induction of the phenylpropanoid and the isochorismic acid pathways yielding metabolites protecting the plant against various types of stresses. Through these signals, the plant responds to environmental stimuli by intensifying the production of various compounds, such as anthocyanins, lignin, stilbenes, and salicylic acid. Still, more research needs to be performed to identify signaling networks that involve uncommon nucleotides, followed by omic experiments to define network elements and processes that are controlled by these signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jędrzej Dobrogojski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (E.S.-N.); (S.B.)
| | - Sławomir Borek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (E.S.-N.); (S.B.)
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15
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Tatip S, Taggart J, Wang Y, MacDiarmid CW, Eide DJ. Changes in transcription start sites of Zap1-regulated genes during zinc deficiency: Implications for HNT1 gene regulation. Mol Microbiol 2019; 113:285-296. [PMID: 31692084 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Changes in RNA are often poor predictors of protein accumulation. One factor disrupting this relationship are changes in transcription start sites (TSSs). Therefore, we explored how alterations in TSS affected expression of genes regulated by the Zap1 transcriptional activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Zap1 controls their response to zinc deficiency. Among over 80 known Zap1-regulated genes, several produced long leader transcripts (LLTs) in one zinc status condition and short leader transcripts (SLTs) in the other. Fusing LLT and SLT transcript leaders to green fluorescent protein indicated that for five genes, the start site shift likely has little effect on protein synthesis. For four genes, however, the different transcript leaders greatly affected translation. We focused on the HNT1 gene. Zap1 caused a shift from SLT HNT1 RNA in zinc-replete cells to LLT HNT1 RNA in deficient cells. This shift correlated with decreased protein production despite increased RNA. The LLT RNA contains multiple upstream open reading frames that can inhibit translation. Expression of the LLT HNT1 RNA was dependent on Zap1. However, expression of the long transcript was not required to decrease SLT HNT1 mRNA. Our results suggest that the Zap1-activated LLT RNA is a "fail-safe" mechanism to ensure decreased Hnt1 protein in zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinda Tatip
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Janet Taggart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colin W MacDiarmid
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Eide
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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16
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Petkowski JJ, Bains W, Seager S. Natural Products Containing 'Rare' Organophosphorus Functional Groups. Molecules 2019; 24:E866. [PMID: 30823503 PMCID: PMC6429109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorous-containing molecules are essential constituents of all living cells. While the phosphate functional group is very common in small molecule natural products, nucleic acids, and as chemical modification in protein and peptides, phosphorous can form P⁻N (phosphoramidate), P⁻S (phosphorothioate), and P⁻C (e.g., phosphonate and phosphinate) linkages. While rare, these moieties play critical roles in many processes and in all forms of life. In this review we thoroughly categorize P⁻N, P⁻S, and P⁻C natural organophosphorus compounds. Information on biological source, biological activity, and biosynthesis is included, if known. This review also summarizes the role of phosphorylation on unusual amino acids in proteins (N- and S-phosphorylation) and reviews the natural phosphorothioate (P⁻S) and phosphoramidate (P⁻N) modifications of DNA and nucleotides with an emphasis on their role in the metabolism of the cell. We challenge the commonly held notion that nonphosphate organophosphorus functional groups are an oddity of biochemistry, with no central role in the metabolism of the cell. We postulate that the extent of utilization of some phosphorus groups by life, especially those containing P⁻N bonds, is likely severely underestimated and has been largely overlooked, mainly due to the technological limitations in their detection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz J Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - William Bains
- Rufus Scientific, 37 The Moor, Melbourn, Royston, Herts SG8 6ED, UK.
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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17
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Krakowiak A, Piotrzkowska D, Kocoń-Rębowska B, Kaczmarek R, Maciaszek A. The role of the Hint1 protein in the metabolism of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides drugs and prodrugs, and the release of H 2S under cellular conditions. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:250-259. [PMID: 30772266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PS-oligos) containing sulfur atom attached in a nonbridging position to the phosphorus atom at one or more internucleotide bond(s) are often used in medicinal applications. Their hydrolysis in cellular media proceeds mainly from the 3'-end, resulting in the appearance of nucleoside 5'-O-phosphorothioates ((d)NMPS), whose further metabolism is poorly understood. We hypothesize that the enzyme responsible for (d)NMPS catabolism could be Hint1, an enzyme that belongs to the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily and is present in all organisms. We previously found that (d)NMPS were desulfurated in vitro to yield (d)NMP and H2S in a Hint1-assisted reaction. Here, we demonstrate that AMPS/GMPS/dGMPS introduced into HeLa/A549 cells are intracellularly converted into AMP/GMP/dGMP and H2S. The level of the released H2S was relative to the concentration of the compounds used and the reaction time. Using RNAi technology, we have shown decreased levels of AMPS/GMPS desulfuration in HeLa/A549 cells with reduced Hint1 levels. Finally, after transfection of a short Rp-d(APSAPSA) oligomer into HeLa cells, the release of H2S was observed. These results suggest that the metabolic pathway of PS-oligos includes hydrolysis into (d)NMPS (by cellular nucleases) followed by Hint1-promoted conversion of the resulting (d)NMPS into (d)NMP accompanied by H2S elimination. Our observations may be also important for possible medicinal applications of (d)NMPS because H2S is a gasotransmitter involved in many physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krakowiak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 91-063, Poland.
| | - Danuta Piotrzkowska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 91-063, Poland
| | - Beata Kocoń-Rębowska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 91-063, Poland
| | - Renata Kaczmarek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 91-063, Poland
| | - Anna Maciaszek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 91-063, Poland
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18
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Rajasekaran R, Felser A, Nuoffer JM, Dufour JF, St-Pierre MV. The histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT-2) positively regulates hepatocellular energy metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:5143-5161. [PMID: 29913563 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701429r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT-2) is a mitochondrial adenosine phosphoramidase expressed in hepatocytes. The phenotype of Hint2 knockout ( Hint2-/-) mice includes progressive hepatic steatosis and lysine hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins, which are features of respiratory chain malfunctions. We postulated that the absence of HINT-2 induces a defect in mitochondria bioenergetics. Isolated Hint2-/- hepatocytes produced less ATP and generated a lower mitochondrial membrane potential than did Hint2+/+ hepatocytes. In extracellular flux analyses with glucose, the basal, ATP-linked, and maximum oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) were decreased in Hint2-/- hepatocytes and in HepG2 cells lacking HINT-2. Conversely, in HINT-2 overexpressing SNU-449 and HepG2 cells, the basal, ATP-linked, and maximum OCRs were increased. Similarly, with palmitate, basal and maximum OCRs were decreased in Hint2-/- hepatocytes, but they were increased in HINT-2 overexpressing HepG2 cells. When assayed with radiolabeled substrate, palmitate oxidation was reduced by 25% in Hint2-/- mitochondria. In respirometry assays, complex I- and II-driven, coupled and uncoupled respirations and complex IV KCN-sensitive respiration were reduced in Hint2-/- mitochondria. Furthermore, HINT-2 associated with cardiolipin and glucose-regulated protein 75 kDa. Our study shows decreased electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation capacity in the absence of HINT-2. The bioenergetics deficit accumulated over time in hepatocytes lacking HINT-2 likely leads to the secondary outcome of steatosis.-Rajasekaran, R., Felser, A., Nuoffer, J.-M., Dufour, J.-F., St-Pierre, M. V. The histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT-2) positively regulates hepatocellular energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Felser
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie V St-Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Shah R, Chou TF, Maize KM, Strom A, Finzel BC, Wagner CR. Inhibition by divalent metal ions of human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein1 (hHint1), a regulator of opioid analgesia and neuropathic pain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:760-766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Peeters K, Chamova T, Tournev I, Jordanova A. Axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia: there is a HINT. Brain 2017; 140:868-877. [PMID: 28007994 PMCID: PMC5382946 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in the gene encoding the histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) were recently shown to cause a motor-predominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy. About 80% of the patients exhibit neuromyotonia, a striking clinical and electrophysiological hallmark that can help to distinguish this disease and to guide diagnostic screening. HINT1 neuropathy has worldwide distribution and is particularly prevalent in populations inhabiting central and south-eastern Europe. With 12 different mutations identified in more than 60 families, it ranks among the most common subtypes of axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy. This article provides an overview of the present knowledge on HINT1 neuropathy with the aim to increase awareness and spur interest among clinicians and researchers in the field. We propose diagnostic guidelines to recognize and differentiate this entity and suggest treatment strategies to manage common symptoms. As a recent player in the field of hereditary neuropathies, the role of HINT1 in peripheral nerves is unknown and the underlying disease mechanisms are unexplored. We provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional characteristics of the HINT1 protein that may guide further studies into the molecular aetiology and treatment strategies of this peculiar Charcot–Marie–Tooth subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Peeters
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium
| | - Teodora Chamova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.,Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Jordanova
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium.,Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
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21
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Liang G, Webster CE. Phosphoramidate hydrolysis catalyzed by human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (hHint1): a cluster-model DFT computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8661-8668. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02098h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The histidine triad of hHint1 serves as a proton shuttle in the DFT proposed mechanism of the hydrolysis of phosphoramidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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22
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Maize KM. Errors in Crystal structure of HINT from Helicobacter pylori. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:336-7. [PMID: 27050269 PMCID: PMC4822992 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16004088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inaccuracies in the article, Crystal structure of HINT from Helicobacter pylori by Tarique et al. [(2016) Acta Cryst. F72, 42-48] are presented, and a brief history of HINT nomenclature is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Maize
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St SE, 8-101 Weaver-Densford Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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23
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Dolot R, Kaczmarek R, Sęda A, Krakowiak A, Baraniak J, Nawrot B. Crystallographic studies of the complex of human HINT1 protein with a non-hydrolyzable analog of Ap4A. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:62-9. [PMID: 26905466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) represents the most ancient and widespread branch in the histidine triad proteins superfamily. HINT1 plays an important role in various biological processes, and it has been found in many species. Here, we report the first structure (at a 2.34Å resolution) of a complex of human HINT1 with a non-hydrolyzable analog of an Ap4A dinucleotide, containing bis-phosphorothioated glycerol mimicking a polyphosphate chain, obtained from a primitive monoclinic space group P21 crystal. In addition, the apo form of hHINT1 at the space group P21 refined to 1.92Å is reported for comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Dolot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Renata Kaczmarek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sęda
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krakowiak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Janina Baraniak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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Pietrowska-Borek M, Nuc K, Guranowski A. Exogenous adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate behaves as a signal molecule in plants; it augments metabolism of phenylpropanoids and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:144-152. [PMID: 26079287 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cells contain various congeners of the canonical nucleotides. Some of these accumulate in cells under stress and may function as signal molecules. Their cellular levels are enzymatically controlled. Previously, we demonstrated a signaling function for diadenosine polyphosphates and cyclic nucleotides in Arabidopsis thaliana and grape, Vitis vinifera. These compounds increased the expression of genes for and the specific activity of enzymes of phenylpropanoid pathways resulting in the accumulation of certain products of these pathways. Here, we show that adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate, whose level can be controlled by HIT-family proteins, induced similar effects. This natural nucleotide, when added to A. thaliana seedlings, activated the genes for phenylalanine:ammonia lyase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, chalcone synthase, cinnamoyl-coenzyme A:NADP oxidoreductase and isochorismate synthase, which encode proteins catalyzing key reactions of phenylpropanoid pathways, and caused accumulation of lignins, anthocyanins and salicylic acid. Adenosine 5'-phosphofluoridate, a synthetic congener of adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate, behaved similarly. The results allow us to postulate that adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate should be considered as a novel signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Nuc
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Guranowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
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Kubota K, Inaba SI, Nakano R, Watanabe M, Sakurai H, Fukushima Y, Ichikawa K, Takahashi T, Izumi T, Shinagawa A. Identification of activating enzymes of a novel FBPase inhibitor prodrug, CS-917. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00138. [PMID: 26171222 PMCID: PMC4492754 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CS-917 (MB06322) is a selective small compound inhibitor of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), which is expected to be a novel drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by inhibiting gluconeogenesis. CS-917 is a bisamidate prodrug and activation of CS-917 requires a two-step enzyme catalyzed reaction. The first-step enzyme, esterase, catalyzes the conversion of CS-917 into the intermediate form (R-134450) and the second-step enzyme, phosphoramidase, catalyzes the conversion of R-134450 into the active form (R-125338). In this study, we biochemically purified the CS-917 esterase activity in monkey small intestine and liver. We identified cathepsin A (CTSA) and elastase 3B (ELA3B) as CS-917 esterases in the small intestine by mass spectrometry, whereas we found CTSA and carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) in monkey liver. We also purified R-134450 phosphoramidase activity in monkey liver and identified sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, acid-like 3A (SMPADL3A), as an R-134450 phosphoramidase, which has not been reported to have any enzyme activity. Recombinant human CTSA, ELA3B, and CES1 showed CS-917 esterase activity and recombinant human SMPDL3A showed R-134450 phosphoramidase activity, which confirmed the identification of those enzymes. Identification of metabolic enzymes responsible for the activation process is the requisite first step to understanding the activation process, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of CS-917 at the molecular level. This is the first identification of a phosphoramidase other than histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein (HINT) family enzymes and SMPDL3A might generally contribute to activation of the other bisamidate prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuishi Kubota
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Inaba
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Nakano
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Watanabe
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Sakurai
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Fukushima
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihisa Ichikawa
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Takahashi
- New Modality Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shinagawa
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
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Interactions of cellular histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 with nucleosides 5′-O-monophosphorothioate and their derivatives — Implication for desulfuration process in the cell. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3357-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Seburn KL, Morelli KH, Jordanova A, Burgess RW. Lack of neuropathy-related phenotypes in hint1 knockout mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:693-701. [PMID: 24918641 PMCID: PMC4098130 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in HINT1, the gene encoding histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), cause a recessively inherited peripheral neuropathy that primarily involves motor dysfunction and is usually associated with neuromyotonia (i.e. prolonged muscle contraction resulting from hyperexcitability of peripheral nerves). Because these mutations are hypothesized to cause loss of function, we analyzed Hint1 knockout mice for their relevance as a disease model. Mice lacking Hint1 appeared normal and yielded normal behavioral test results or motor performance, although they moved more slowly and for a smaller fraction of time in an open-field arena than wild-type mice. Muscles, neuromuscular junctions, and nodes of Ranvier were anatomically normal and did not show evidence of degeneration or regeneration. Axon numbers and myelination in peripheral nerves were normal at ages 4 and 13 months. Axons were slightly smaller than those in wild-type mice at age 4 months, but this did not cause a decrease in conduction velocity, and no differences in axon diameters were detected at 13 months. With electromyography, we were unable to detect neuromyotonia even after using supraphysiologic stimuli and stressors such as reduced temperature or 3,4-diaminopyridine to block potassium channels. Therefore, we conclude that Hint1 knockout mice may be useful for studying the biochemical activities of HINT1, but these mice do not provide a disease model or a means for investigating the basis of HINT1-associated neuropathy and neuromyotonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn H. Morelli
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Albena Jordanova
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robert W. Burgess
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
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N-Acyl-phosphoramidates as potential novel form of gemcitabine prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2133-40. [PMID: 24631359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a cytidine analog remarkably active against a wide range of solid tumors. Inside a cell, gemcitabine is phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase to yield gemcitabine monophosphate, further converted to gemcitabine di- and triphosphate. The most frequent form of acquired resistance to gemcitabine in vitro is the deoxycytidine kinase deficiency. Thus, proper prodrugs carrying the 5'-pdFdC moiety may help to overcome this problem. A series of new derivatives of gemcitabine possessing N-acyl(thio)phosphoramidate moieties were prepared and their cytotoxic properties were determined. N-Acyl-phosphoramidate derivatives of gemcitabine have similar cytotoxicity as gemcitabine itself, and have been found accessible to the cellular enzymes. The nicotinic carboxamide derivative of gemcitabine 5'-O-phosphorothioate occurred to be the best inhibitor of bacterial DNA polymerase I and human DNA polymerase α.
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Dolot R, Włodarczyk A, Bujacz GD, Nawrot B. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of human histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (hHINT2). Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:783-7. [PMID: 23832208 PMCID: PMC3702325 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113015200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT2) is a mitochondrial adenosine phosphoramidase mainly expressed in the pancreas, liver and adrenal gland. HINT2 possibly plays a role in apoptosis, as well as being involved in steroid biosynthesis, hepatic lipid metabolism and regulation of hepatic mitochondria function. The expression level of HINT2 is significantly down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. To date, endogenous substrates for this enzyme, as well as the three-dimensional structure of human HINT2, are unknown. In this study, human HINT2 was cloned, overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Crystallization was performed at 278 K using PEG 4000 as the main precipitant; the crystals, which belonged to the tetragonal space group P41212 with unit-cell parameters a = b = 76.38, c = 133.25 Å, diffracted to 2.83 Å resolution. Assuming two molecules in the asymmetric unit, the Matthews coefficient and the solvent content were calculated to be 2.63 Å(3) Da(-1) and 53.27%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Dolot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland.
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30
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Zhou X, Chou TF, Aubol BE, Park CJ, Wolfenden R, Adams J, Wagner CR. Kinetic mechanism of human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3588-600. [PMID: 23614568 DOI: 10.1021/bi301616c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (hHint1) is a member of a ubiquitous and ancient branch of the histidine triad protein superfamily. hHint1 is a homodimeric protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of model substrates, phosphoramidate and acyl adenylate, with a high efficiency. Recently, catalytically inactive hHint1 has been identified as the cause of inherited peripheral neuropathy [Zimon, M., et al. (2012) Nat. Genet. 44, 1080-1083]. We have conducted the first detailed kinetic mechanistic studies of hHint1 and have found that the reaction mechanism is consistent with a double-displacement mechanism, in which the active site nucleophile His112 is first adenylylated by the substrate, followed by hydrolysis of the AMP-enzyme intermediate. A transient burst phase followed by a linear phase from the stopped-flow fluorescence assay indicated that enzyme adenylylation was faster than the subsequent intermediate hydrolysis and product release. Solvent viscosity experiments suggested that both chemical transformation and diffusion-sensitive events (product release or protein conformational change) limit the overall turnover. The catalytic trapping experiments and data simulation indicated that the true koff rate of the final product AMP is unlikely to control the overall kcat. Therefore, a protein conformational change associated with product release is likely rate-limiting. In addition, the rate of Hint1 adenylylation was found to be dependent on two residues with pKa values of 6.5 and 8, with the former pKa agreeing well with the nuclear magnetic resonance titration results for the pKa of the active site nucleophile His112. In comparison to the uncatalyzed rates, hHint1 was shown to enhance acyl-AMP and AMP phosphoramidate hydrolysis by 10(6)-10(8)-fold. Taken together, our analysis indicates that hHint1 catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoramidate and acyl adenylate with high efficiency, through a mechanism that relies on rapid adenylylation of the active residue, His112, while being partially rate-limited by intermediate hydrolysis and product release associated with a conformational change. Given the high degree of sequence homology of Hint proteins across all kingdoms of life, it is likely that their kinetic and catalytic mechanisms will be similar to those elucidated for hHint1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Minnesota NMR Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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31
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Martin J, Maurhofer O, Bellance N, Benard G, Graber F, Hahn D, Galinier A, Hora C, Gupta A, Ferrand G, Hoppeler H, Rossignol R, Dufour JF, St-Pierre MV. Disruption of the histidine triad nucleotide-binding hint2 gene in mice affects glycemic control and mitochondrial function. Hepatology 2013; 57:2037-48. [PMID: 22961760 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The histidine triad nucleotide-binding (HINT2) protein is a mitochondrial adenosine phosphoramidase expressed in the liver and pancreas. Its physiological function is unknown. To elucidate the role of HINT2 in liver physiology, the mouse Hint2 gene was deleted. Hint2(-/-) and Hint2(+/+) mice were generated in a mixed C57Bl6/J × 129Sv background. At 20 weeks, the phenotypic changes in Hint2(-/-) relative to Hint2(+/+) mice were an accumulation of hepatic triglycerides, decreased tolerance to glucose, a defective counter-regulatory response to insulin-provoked hypoglycemia, and an increase in plasma interprandial insulin but a decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and defective thermoregulation upon fasting. Leptin messenger RNA (mRNA) in adipose tissue and plasma leptin were elevated. In mitochondria from Hint2(-/-) hepatocytes, state 3 respiration was decreased, a finding confirmed in HepG2 cells where HINT2 mRNA was silenced. The linked complex II-III electron transfer was decreased in Hint2(-/-) mitochondria, which was accompanied by a lower content of coenzyme Q. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α expression and the generation of reactive oxygen species were increased. Electron microscopy of mitochondria in Hint2(-/-) mice aged 12 months revealed clustered, fused organelles. The hepatic activities of 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase short chain and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were decreased by 68% and 60%, respectively, without a change in protein expression. GDH activity was similarly decreased in HINT2-silenced HepG2 cells. When measured in the presence of purified sirtuin 3, latent GDH activity was recovered (126% in Hint2(-/-) versus 83% in Hint2(+/+) ). This suggests a greater extent of acetylation in Hint2(-/-) than in Hint2(+/+) . CONCLUSION Hint2/HINT2 positively regulates mitochondrial lipid metabolism and respiration and glucose homeostasis. The absence of Hint2 provokes mitochondrial deformities and a change in the pattern of acetylation of selected proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Martin
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Zimoń M, Baets J, Almeida-Souza L, De Vriendt E, Nikodinovic J, Parman Y, Battaloğlu E, Matur Z, Guergueltcheva V, Tournev I, Auer-Grumbach M, De Rijk P, Petersen BS, Müller T, Fransen E, Van Damme P, Löscher WN, Barišić N, Mitrovic Z, Previtali SC, Topaloğlu H, Bernert G, Beleza-Meireles A, Todorovic S, Savic-Pavicevic D, Ishpekova B, Lechner S, Peeters K, Ooms T, Hahn AF, Züchner S, Timmerman V, Van Dijck P, Rasic VM, Janecke AR, De Jonghe P, Jordanova A. Loss-of-function mutations in HINT1 cause axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1080-3. [PMID: 22961002 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies are frequent neuromuscular disorders known for their clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In 33 families, we identified 8 mutations in HINT1 (encoding histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1) by combining linkage analyses with next-generation sequencing and subsequent cohort screening of affected individuals. Our study provides evidence that loss of functional HINT1 protein results in a distinct phenotype of autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zimoń
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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33
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Dolot R, Ozga M, Włodarczyk A, Krakowiak A, Nawrot B. A new crystal form of human histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (hHINT1) in complex with adenosine 5'-monophosphate at 1.38 Å resolution. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:883-8. [PMID: 22869114 PMCID: PMC3412765 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112029491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) represents the most ancient and widespread branch of the histidine triad protein superfamily. HINT1 plays an important role in various biological processes and has been found in many species. Here, the structure of the human HINT1-adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) complex at 1.38 Å resolution obtained from a new monoclinic crystal form is reported. The final structure has R(cryst) = 0.1207 (R(free) = 0.1615) and the model exhibits good stereochemical quality. Detailed analysis of the high-resolution data allowed the details of the protein structure to be updated in comparison to the previously published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Dolot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland.
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North M, Steffen J, Loguinov AV, Zimmerman GR, Vulpe CD, Eide DJ. Genome-wide functional profiling identifies genes and processes important for zinc-limited growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002699. [PMID: 22685415 PMCID: PMC3369956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential nutrient because it is a required cofactor for many enzymes and transcription factors. To discover genes and processes in yeast that are required for growth when zinc is limiting, we used genome-wide functional profiling. Mixed pools of ∼4,600 deletion mutants were inoculated into zinc-replete and zinc-limiting media. These cells were grown for several generations, and the prevalence of each mutant in the pool was then determined by microarray analysis. As a result, we identified more than 400 different genes required for optimal growth under zinc-limiting conditions. Among these were several targets of the Zap1 zinc-responsive transcription factor. Their importance is consistent with their up-regulation by Zap1 in low zinc. We also identified genes that implicate Zap1-independent processes as important. These include endoplasmic reticulum function, oxidative stress resistance, vesicular trafficking, peroxisome biogenesis, and chromatin modification. Our studies also indicated the critical role of macroautophagy in low zinc growth. Finally, as a result of our analysis, we discovered a previously unknown role for the ICE2 gene in maintaining ER zinc homeostasis. Thus, functional profiling has provided many new insights into genes and processes that are needed for cells to thrive under the stress of zinc deficiency. Zinc is needed for the growth of all organisms because it acts as a required cofactor for many different proteins. Zinc deficiency is a common problem faced by free-living microbes, as well as plants and animals including humans. Among bacterial and fungal pathogens, zinc deficiency is also a key problem they can encounter during pathogenesis. To identify genes and processes that are important for growth when zinc is scarce, we used genome-wide functional profiling. In this approach, a collection of ∼4,600 mutant yeast strains, each lacking the function of a different gene, was tested to determine which genes are needed for optimal growth in low zinc. More than 400 genes were identified as being important. The identity of these genes implicates a large number of different processes as critical for low zinc growth. These included genes that are targets of the zinc-regulated Zap1 transcription factor as well as genes involved in secretory pathway function, oxidative stress resistance, vesicular trafficking, peroxisome biogenesis, and chromatin modification. As a result, we now know of many processes that might be good targets for the development of new antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew North
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Janet Steffen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alex V. Loguinov
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Ginelle R. Zimmerman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chris D. Vulpe
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - David J. Eide
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang J, Fang P, Schimmel P, Guo M. Side chain independent recognition of aminoacyl adenylates by the Hint1 transcription suppressor. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:6798-805. [PMID: 22329685 PMCID: PMC3375047 DOI: 10.1021/jp212457w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Human Hint1 suppresses specific gene transcription by
interacting with the transcription factor MITF in mast cells. Hint1
activity is connected to lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), a member of
the universal aminoacyl tRNA synthetase family that catalyzes specific
aminoacylation of their cognate tRNAs, through an aminoacyl adenylate
(aa-AMP) intermediate. During immune activation, LysRS produces a
side-product diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) from the
condensation of Lys-AMP with ATP. The pleiotropic signaling molecule
Ap4A then binds Hint1 to promote activation of MITF-target
gene transcription. Earlier work showed that Hint1 can also bind and
hydrolyze Lys-AMP, possibly to constrain Ap4A production.
Because Ap4A can result from condensation of other aa-AMP's
with ATP, the specificity of the Hint1 aa-AMP–hydrolysis activity
is of interest. Here we show that Hint1 has broad specificity for
adenylate hydrolysis, whose structural basis we revealed through high-resolution
structures of Hint1 in complex with three different aa-AMP analogues.
Hint1 recognizes only the common main chain of the aminoacyl moiety,
and has no contact with the aa side chain. The α-amino group
is anchored by a cation-pi interaction with Trp123 at the C-terminus
of Hint1. These results reveal the structural basis for the remarkable
adenylate surveillance activity of Hint1, to potentially control Ap4A levels in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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Guga P, Koziołkiewicz M. Phosphorothioate nucleotides and oligonucleotides - recent progress in synthesis and application. Chem Biodivers 2012; 8:1642-81. [PMID: 21922655 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Guga
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, PL-90-363 Łódź.
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Le Ber I, Dürr A, Brice A. Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias with oculomotor apraxia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2012; 103:333-341. [PMID: 21827898 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-51892-7.00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Le Ber
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France.
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Bardaweel S, Ghosh B, Chou TF, Sadowsky MJ, Wagner CR. E. coli histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (ecHinT) is a catalytic regulator of D-alanine dehydrogenase (DadA) activity in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20897. [PMID: 21754980 PMCID: PMC3130732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine triad nucleotide binding proteins (Hints) are highly conserved members of the histidine triad (HIT) protein superfamily. Hints comprise the most ancient branch of this superfamily and can be found in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. Prokaryotic genomes, including a wide diversity of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, typically have one Hint gene encoded by hinT (ycfF in E. coli). Despite their ubiquity, the foundational reason for the wide-spread conservation of Hints across all kingdoms of life remains a mystery. In this study, we used a combination of phenotypic screening and complementation analyses with wild-type and hinT knock-out Escherichia coli strains to show that catalytically active ecHinT is required in E. coli for growth on D-alanine as a sole carbon source. We demonstrate that the expression of catalytically active ecHinT is essential for the activity of the enzyme D-alanine dehydrogenase (DadA) (equivalent to D-amino acid oxidase in eukaryotes), a necessary component of the D-alanine catabolic pathway. Site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that catalytically active C-terminal mutants of ecHinT are unable to activate DadA activity. In addition, we have designed and synthesized the first cell-permeable inhibitor of ecHinT and demonstrated that the wild-type E. coli treated with the inhibitor exhibited the same phenotype observed for the hinT knock-out strain. These results reveal that the catalytic activity and structure of ecHinT is essential for DadA function and therefore alanine metabolism in E. coli. Moreover, they provide the first biochemical evidence linking the catalytic activity of this ubiquitous protein to the biological function of Hints in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Bardaweel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brahma Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Sadowsky
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate and the Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CRW); (MJS)
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CRW); (MJS)
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Dolot R, Ozga M, Krakowiak A, Nawrot B. High-resolution X-ray structure of the rabbit histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (rHINT1)–adenosine complex at 1.10 Å resolution. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2011; 67:601-7. [DOI: 10.1107/s0907444911015605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Martin J, St-Pierre MV, Dufour JF. Hit proteins, mitochondria and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:626-32. [PMID: 21316334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The histidine triad (HIT) superfamily comprises proteins that share the histidine triad motif, His-ϕ-His-ϕ-His-ϕ-ϕ, where ϕ is a hydrophobic amino acid. HIT proteins are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. HIT proteins bind nucleotides and exert dinucleotidyl hydrolase, nucleotidylyl transferase or phosphoramidate hydrolase enzymatic activity. In humans, 5 families of HIT proteins are recognized. The accumulated epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that two branches of the superfamily, the HINT (Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding) members and FHIT (Fragile Histidine Triad), have tumor suppressor properties but a conclusive physiological role can still not be assigned to these proteins. Aprataxin forms another discrete branch of the HIT superfamily, is implicated in DNA repair mechanisms and unlike the HINT and FHIT members, a defective protein can be conclusively linked to a disease, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1. The scavenger mRNA decapping enzyme, DcpS, forms a fourth branch of the HIT superfamily. Finally, the GalT enzymes, which exert specific nucleoside monophosphate transferase activity, form a fifth branch that is not implicated in tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms by which the HINT and FHIT proteins participate in bioenergetics of cancer are just beginning to be unraveled. Their purported actions as tumor suppressors are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Martin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Visceral Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Kaur N, Hu J. Defining the plant peroxisomal proteome: from Arabidopsis to rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:103. [PMID: 22645559 PMCID: PMC3355810 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are small subcellular organelles mediating a multitude of processes in plants. Proteomics studies over the last several years have yielded much needed information on the composition of plant peroxisomes. In this review, the status of peroxisome proteomics studies in Arabidopsis and other plant species and the cumulative advances made through these studies are summarized. A reference Arabidopsis peroxisome proteome is generated, and some unique aspects of Arabidopsis peroxisomes that were uncovered through proteomics studies and hint at unanticipated peroxisomal functions are also highlighted. Knowledge gained from Arabidopsis was utilized to compile a tentative list of peroxisome proteins for the model monocot plant, rice. Differences in the peroxisomal proteome between these two model plants were drawn, and novel facets in rice were expounded upon. Finally, we discuss about the current limitations of experimental proteomics in decoding the complete and dynamic makeup of peroxisomes, and complementary and integrated approaches that would be beneficial to defining the peroxisomal metabolic and regulatory roadmaps. The synteny of genomes in the grass family makes rice an ideal model to study peroxisomes in cereal crops, in which these organelles have received much less attention, with the ultimate goal to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jianping Hu
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Jianping Hu, MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. e-mail:
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Ozga M, Dolot R, Janicka M, Kaczmarek R, Krakowiak A. Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT-1) phosphoramidase transforms nucleoside 5'-O-phosphorothioates to nucleoside 5'-O-phosphates. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40809-18. [PMID: 20940308 PMCID: PMC3003382 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.162065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside 5'-O-phosphorothioates are formed in vivo as primary products of hydrolysis of oligo(nucleoside phosphorothioate)s (PS-oligos) that are applied as antisense therapeutic molecules. The biodistribution of PS-oligos and their pharmacokinetics have been widely reported, but little is known about their subsequent decay inside the organism. We suggest that the enzyme responsible for nucleoside 5'-O-monophosphorothioate ((d)NMPS) metabolism could be histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (Hint-1), a phosphoramidase belonging to the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily that is present in all forms of life. An additional, but usually ignored, activity of Hint-1 is its ability to catalyze the conversion of adenosine 5'-O-monophosphorothioate (AMPS) to 5'-O-monophosphate (AMP). By mutagenetic and biochemical studies, we defined the active site of Hint-1 and the kinetic parameters of the desulfuration reaction (P-S bond cleavage). Additionally, crystallographic analysis (resolution from 1.08 to 1.37 Å) of three engineered cysteine mutants showed the high similarity of their structures, which were not very different from the structure of WT Hint-1. Moreover, we found that not only AMPS but also other ribonucleoside and 2'-deoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioates are desulfurated by Hint-1 at the following relative rates: GMPS > AMPS > dGMPS ≥ CMPS > UMPS > dAMPS ≫ dCMPS > TMPS, and during the reaction, hydrogen sulfide, which is thought to be the third gaseous mediator, was released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ozga
- From the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 90-363, Poland
| | - Rafal Dolot
- From the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 90-363, Poland
| | - Magdalena Janicka
- From the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 90-363, Poland
| | - Renata Kaczmarek
- From the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 90-363, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krakowiak
- From the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz 90-363, Poland
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Huebner K, Saldivar JC, Sun J, Shibata H, Druck T. Hits, Fhits and Nits: beyond enzymatic function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:208-17. [PMID: 21035495 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have briefly summarized what is known about these proteins, but in closing wish to feature the outstanding questions. Hint1 was discovered mistakenly as an inhibitor of Protein Kinase C and designated Pkci, a designation that still confuses the literature. The other Hint family members were discovered by homology to Hint1. Aprataxin was discovered as a result of the hunt for a gene responsible for AOA1. Fhit was discovered through cloning of a familial chromosome translocation breakpoint on chromosome 3 that interrupts the large FHIT gene within an intron, in the FRA3B chromosome region (Ohta et al., 1996), now known to be the region of the human genome most susceptible to DNA damage due to replication stress (Durkin et al., 2008). The NitFhit fusion genewas discovered during searches for Fhit homologs in flies and worms because the fly/worm Nit polypeptide is fused to the 5'-end of the Fhit gene; the mammalian Nit gene family was discovered because of the NitFhit fusion gene, in searches for homologs to the Nit polypeptide of the NitFhit gene. Each of the Hit family member proteins is reported to have enzymatic activities toward putative substrates involving nucleosides or dinucleosides. Most surprisingly, each of the Hit family proteins discussed has been implicated in important DNA damage response pathways and/or tumor suppression pathways. And for each of them it has been difficult to assign definite substrates, to know if the substrates and catalytic products have biological functions, to know if that function is related to the DNA damage response and suppressor functions, and to precisely define the pathways through which tumor suppression occurs. When the fly Nit sequence was found at the 5'-end of the fly Fhit gene, this gene was hailed as a Rosetta stone gene/protein that would help in discovery of the function of Fhit, because the Nit protein should be in the same signal pathway (Pace et al., 2000). However, the mammalian Nit family proteins have turned out to be at least as mysterious as the Fhit proteins, with the Nit1 substrate still unknown and the surprising finding that Nit proteins also appear to behave as tumor suppressor proteins. Whether the predicted enzymatic functions of these proteins are relevant to the observed biological functions, remain among the outstanding unanswered puzzles and raise the question: have these mammalian proteins evolved beyond the putative original enzymatic purpose, such that the catalytic function is now vestigial and subservient to signal pathways that use the protein-substrate complexes in pathways that signal apoptosis or DNA damage response? Or can these proteins be fulfilling catalytic functions independently but in parallel with signal pathway functions, as perhaps observed for Aprataxin? Or is the catalytic function indeed part of the observed biological functions, such as apoptosis and tumor suppression? Perhaps the recent, post-genomic focus on metabolomics and genome-wide investigations of signal pathway networks will lead to answers to some of these outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Huebner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Mori S, Shibayama K, Wachino JI, Arakawa Y. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate phosphorylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2010; 66:279-81. [PMID: 20208160 DOI: 10.1107/s174430910905444x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) phosphorylase (Rv2613c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv has been crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystal belonged to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 101.5, b = 63.6, c = 79.1 A, beta = 110.9 degrees. The diffraction of the crystals extended to 1.9 A resolution. The asymmetric unit is expected to contain two molecules of Rv2613c, with a corresponding crystal volume per protein weight (V(M)) of 2.41 A(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 49.1%. This is the first report of a crystal of Ap4A phosphorylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetarou Mori
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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Guranowski A, Wojdyła AM, Zimny J, Wypijewska A, Kowalska J, Łukaszewicz M, Jemielity J, Darżynkiewicz E, Jagiełło A, Bieganowski P. Recognition of different nucleotidyl-derivatives as substrates of reactions catalyzed by various HIT-proteins. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00660e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Cheng J, Zhou X, Chou TF, Ghosh B, Liu B, Wagner CR. Identification of the amino acid-AZT-phosphoramidase by affinity T7 phage display selection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6379-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mori S, Shibayama K, Wachino JI, Arakawa Y. Purification and molecular characterization of a novel diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate phosphorylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 69:99-105. [PMID: 19778616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Rv2613c, a protein that is encoded by the open reading frame Rv2613c in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, was expressed, purified, and characterized for the first time. The amino acid sequence of Rv2613c contained a histidine triad (HIT) motif consisting of H-phi-H-phi-H-phi-phi, where phi is a hydrophobic amino acid. This motif has been reported to be the characteristic feature of several diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) hydrolases that catalyze Ap4A to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or 2 adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP). However, enzymatic activity analyses for Rv2613c revealed that Ap4A was converted to ATP and ADP, but not AMP, indicating that Rv2613c has Ap4A phosphorylase activity rather than Ap4A hydrolase activity. The Ap4A phosphorylase activity has been reported for proteins containing a characteristic H-X-H-X-Q-phi-phi motif. However, no such motif was found in Rv2613c. In addition, the amino acid sequence of Rv2613c was significantly shorter compared to other proteins with Ap4A phosphorylase activity, indicating that the primary structure of Rv2613c differs from those of previously reported Ap4A phosphorylases. Kinetic analysis revealed that the K(m) values for Ap4A and phosphate were 0.10 and 0.94mM, respectively. Some enzymatic properties of Rv2613c, such as optimum pH and temperature, and bivalent metal ion requirement, were similar to those of previously reported yeast Ap4A phosphorylases. Unlike yeast Ap4A phosphorylases, Rv2613c did not catalyze the reverse phosphorolysis reaction. Taken together, it is suggested that Rv2613c is a unique protein, which has Ap4A phosphorylase activity with an HIT motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetarou Mori
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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Ahmadibeni Y, Tiwari RK, Sun G, Parang K. Synthesis of nucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphoramidates from solid-phase cyclosaligenyl phosphitylating reagents. Org Lett 2009; 11:2157-60. [PMID: 19364114 DOI: 10.1021/ol900320r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chloromethyl polystyrene resin was reacted with 5-hydroxysalicylaldehyde in the presence of potassium carbonate to afford polymer-bound 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Subsequent reduction with borane solution produced polymer-bound 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. The reaction of immobilized 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol with appropriate phosphitylating reagents yielded solid-phase cycloSaligenyl mono-, di-, and triphosphitylating reagents, which were reacted with unprotected nucleosides, followed by iodine oxidation, deprotection of cyanoethoxy groups, and the basic cleavage, respectively, to afford 5'-O-nucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphoramidates in 52-73% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Ahmadibeni
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
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Li H, Balajee AS, Su T, Cen B, Hei TK, Weinstein IB. The HINT1 tumor suppressor regulates both gamma-H2AX and ATM in response to DNA damage. J Cell Biol 2008; 183:253-65. [PMID: 18852295 PMCID: PMC2568022 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200711150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hint1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene and the underlying molecular mechanisms for its tumor suppressor function are unknown. In this study we demonstrate that HINT1 participates in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage responses. In response to IR, HINT1 is recruited to IR-induced foci (IRIF) and associates with gamma-H2AX and ATM. HINT1 deficiency does not affect the formation of gamma-H2AX foci; however, it impairs the removal of gamma-H2AX foci after DNA damage and this is associated with impaired acetylation of gamma-H2AX. HINT1 deficiency also impairs acetylation of ATM and activation of ATM and its downstream effectors, and retards DNA repair, in response to IR. HINT1-deficient cells exhibit resistance to IR-induced apoptosis and several types of chromosomal abnormalities. Our findings suggest that the tumor suppressor function of HINT1 is caused by, at least in part, its normal role in enhancing cellular responses to DNA damage by regulating the functions of both gamma-H2AX and ATM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Li
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Guranowski A, Wojdyła AM, Pietrowska-Borek M, Bieganowski P, Khurs EN, Cliff MJ, Blackburn GM, Błaziak D, Stec WJ. Fhit proteins can also recognize substrates other than dinucleoside polyphosphates. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3152-8. [PMID: 18694747 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We show here that Fhit proteins, in addition to their function as dinucleoside triphosphate hydrolases, act similarly to adenylylsulfatases and nucleoside phosphoramidases, liberating nucleoside 5'-monophosphates from such natural metabolites as adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate. Moreover, Fhits recognize synthetic nucleotides, such as adenosine 5'-O-phosphorofluoridate and adenosine 5'-O-(gamma-fluorotriphosphate), and release AMP from them. With respect to the former, Fhits behave like a phosphodiesterase I concomitant with cleavage of the P-F bond. Some kinetic parameters and implications of the novel reactions catalyzed by the human and plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) Fhit proteins are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Guranowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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