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Zwick D, Vo MT, Shim YJ, Reijonen H, Do JS. BACH2: The Future of Induced T-Regulatory Cell Therapies. Cells 2024; 13:891. [PMID: 38891024 PMCID: PMC11172166 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACH2 (BTB Domain and CNC Homolog 2) is a transcription factor that serves as a central regulator of immune cell differentiation and function, particularly in T and B lymphocytes. A picture is emerging that BACH2 may function as a master regulator of cell fate that is exquisitely sensitive to cell activation status. In particular, BACH2 plays a key role in stabilizing the phenotype and suppressive function of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-derived human forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3)+ inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs), a cell type that holds great clinical potential as a cell therapeutic for diverse inflammatory conditions. As such, BACH2 potentially could be targeted to overcome the instability of the iTreg phenotype and suppressive function that has hampered their clinical application. In this review, we focus on the role of BACH2 in T cell fate and iTreg function and stability. We suggest approaches to modulate BACH2 function that may lead to more stable and efficacious Treg cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zwick
- Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Mai Tram Vo
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Young Jun Shim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Helena Reijonen
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Jeong-su Do
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
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2
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Morello G, La Cognata V, Guarnaccia M, D’Agata V, Cavallaro S. Cracking the Code of Neuronal Cell Fate. Cells 2023; 12:1057. [PMID: 37048129 PMCID: PMC10093029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is fundamental to most biological processes and reverse-engineering programs can be used to decipher the underlying programs. In this review, we describe how genomics is offering a systems biology-based perspective of the intricate and temporally coordinated transcriptional programs that control neuronal apoptosis and survival. In addition to providing a new standpoint in human pathology focused on the regulatory program, cracking the code of neuronal cell fate may offer innovative therapeutic approaches focused on downstream targets and regulatory networks. Similar to computers, where faults often arise from a software bug, neuronal fate may critically depend on its transcription program. Thus, cracking the code of neuronal life or death may help finding a patch for neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Guarnaccia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
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3
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Wang M, Lei M, Chang L, Xing Y, Guo Y, Pourzand C, Bartsch JW, Chen J, Luo J, WidyaKarisma V, Nisar MF, Lei X, Zhong JL. Bach2 regulates autophagy to modulate UVA-induced photoaging in skin fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:304-316. [PMID: 33882335 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular process that can be initiated by certain stressors such as UVA irradiation. The mechanism by which skin cells protect themselves from the UVA-induced senescence has not been fully investigated. Here, we demonstrate that Bach2 modulates the extent of UVA-induced photoaging through regulation of autophagy in skin fibroblasts. In fact chronic exposure of skin fibroblasts to UVA resulted in a significant decrease in Bach2 expression, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, knockdown of Bach2 in skin fibroblasts led to an increased expression of cell senescence-related genes, which further enhanced the UVA irradiation-induced photoaging. On the other hand, the overexpression of Bach2 resulted in a decrease in the expression of cell senescence-related genes. We also demonstrate that the knockdown of Bach2 in skin fibroblasts can lead to a decreased expression of autophagy-related genes and vice versa, suggesting that autophagy is involved in Bach2-mediated regulation of senescence in skin fibroblasts. Additionally, inhibition of autophagy with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA suppressed the expression of autophagy-related proteins and promoted cell senescence. Furthermore, knockout of Atg5 or Atg7 in embryonic mouse fibroblasts led to a significant increase in the expression of cell senescence-related genes. Immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated that Bach2 directly interacts with Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg7, and LC3 in fibroblasts. Taken together, these findings revealed a critical role for Bach2 in suppressing the UVA irradiation-induced cell senescence via autophagy in skin fibroblasts. Bach2 can therefore be a potential target for the therapy of UV-induced photoaging because of its ability to regulate the process of autophagy in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China; Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Li Chang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yang Xing
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiefu Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Vega WidyaKarisma
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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4
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Zhang H, Zhang R, Zheng X, Sun M, Fan J, Fang C, Tian X, Zheng H. BACH2-mediated FOS confers cytarabine resistance via stromal microenvironment alterations in pediatric ALL. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1235-1250. [PMID: 33393145 PMCID: PMC7935781 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer that mainly affects children. Relapse and chemoresistance result in treatment failure, underlining the need for improved therapies. BTB and CNC homology 2 (BACH2) is a lymphoid-specific transcription repressor recognized as a tumor suppressor in lymphomas, but little is known about its function and regulatory network in pediatric ALL (p-ALL). Herein, we found aberrant BACH2 expression at new diagnosis not only facilitated risk stratification of p-ALL but also served as a sensitive predictor of early treatment response and clinical outcome. Silencing BACH2 in ALL cells increased cell proliferation and accelerated cell cycle progression. BACH2 blockade also promoted cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells and conferred cytarabine (Ara-C)-resistant properties to leukemia cells by altering stromal microenvironment. Strikingly, we identified FOS, a transcriptional activator competing with BACH2, as a novel downstream target repressed by BACH2. Blocking FOS by chemical compounds enhanced the effect of Ara-C treatment in both primary p-ALL cells and pre-B-ALL-driven leukemia xenografts and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. These data highlight an interconnected network of BACH2-FOS, disruption of which could render current chemotherapies more effective and offer a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome Ara-C resistance in p-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology OncologyNational Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University)Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationHematology Oncology CenterBeijing Children’s HospitalNational Center for Children’s HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xueling Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology OncologyNational Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University)Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationHematology Oncology CenterBeijing Children’s HospitalNational Center for Children’s HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ming Sun
- Institute of Medical BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Jia Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology OncologyNational Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University)Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationHematology Oncology CenterBeijing Children’s HospitalNational Center for Children’s HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chunlian Fang
- Department of Hematology and OncologyKunming Children’s Hospital (Children’s Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Children’s Medical Center)KunmingChina
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Hematology and OncologyKunming Children’s Hospital (Children’s Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Children’s Medical Center)KunmingChina
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology OncologyNational Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University)Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationHematology Oncology CenterBeijing Children’s HospitalNational Center for Children’s HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Li Y, Rao X, Tang P, Chen S, Guo Q, Fu G, Pan M, Liang L, Yao Y, Gao X, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Xu X, Hu W, Gao J, Hua G. Bach2 Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration by Accelerating DNA Repair in Intestinal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:120-133. [PMID: 33382975 PMCID: PMC7897581 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial regeneration is critical for barrier maintenance and organ function after intestinal injury, although the repair mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that Bach2 deficiency promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation during homeostasis. Moreover, genetic inactivation of Bach2 in mouse intestinal epithelium facilitated crypt regeneration after irradiation, resulting in a reduction in mortality. RNA-sequencing analysis of isolated crypts revealed that Bach2 deficiency altered the expression of numerous genes, including those regulating double-strand break repair. Mechanistic characterizations indicated that Bach2 deletion facilitated DNA repair in intestinal crypt cells, as evidenced by faster resolution of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci in Bach2−/− crypt cells, compared with Bach2+/+ control. Together, our studies highlight that Bach2 deficiency promotes intestinal regeneration by accelerating DNA repair in intestinal stem cells after radiation damage. Bach2 deficiency facilitates intestinal recovery after irradiation damage Bach2 deficiency promotes the regeneration of crypt intestinal stem cells (ISCs) Bach2 deletion accelerates DNA repair in ISCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchuang Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinxin Rao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peiyuan Tang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengzhi Chen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Fu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengxue Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liping Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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6
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Wang M, Yang X, Chang L, Chen J, Luo J, Wu Y, Lei X, Li Z. Low-level PDT treatment modulated photoaging mediated by UVA irradiation through regulating Bach2. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101606. [PMID: 31759126 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate low-level ALA-PDT (Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy) effects on photorejuvenation in vitro and in vivo, exploring the basic mechanism of Bach2 involved in PDT treatment in photoaging. METHOD Photoaging model was established by UVA chronic irradiation in human fibroblasts and mice skins. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay and cell senescence was detected by SA-β-gal activity. PDT treatment and Bach2 knockdown with adenovirus in fibroblasts were confirmed by Western blot. RESULTS UVA chronic irradiation induced photoaging in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of low-level PDT reduced photoaging by decreasing SA-β-gal activity and cell senescence-related proteins levels of p16 and p21 in fibroblasts. Moreover, low-level PDT treatment accompany with Bach2 accumulation increased in fibroblasts and in mice skin tissues. Bach2 knockdown with adenovirus induced cell senescence and Bach2 depletion with PDT treatment some extent decreased SA-β-gal activity, but was with no significant change of Bach2 itself and p16 protein levels in fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Low-level PDT treatment decreased skin photoaging which might be through up-regulating Bach2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University. Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Li Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Jinyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University. Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jiefu Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University. Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University. Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Chen S, Wang X, Nisar MF, Lin M, Zhong JL. Heme Oxygenases: Cellular Multifunctional and Protective Molecules against UV-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5416728. [PMID: 31885801 PMCID: PMC6907065 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5416728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can be considered as a double-edged sword: not only is it a crucial environmental factor that can cause skin-related disorders but it can also be used for phototherapy of skin diseases. Inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in response to a variety of stimuli, including UV exposure, is vital to maintain cell homeostasis. Heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2), another member of the heme oxygenase family, is constitutively expressed. In this review, we discuss how heme oxygenase (HO), a vital rate-limiting enzyme, participates in heme catabolism and cytoprotection. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there may exist a functional differentiation between HO-1 and HO-2 during evolution. Furthermore, depending on functions in immunomodulation and antioxidation, HO-1 participates in disease progression, especially in pathogenesis of skin diseases, such as vitiligo and psoriasis. To further investigate the particular role of HO-1 in diseases, we summarized the profile of the HO enzyme system and its related signaling pathways, such as Nrf2 and endoplasmic reticulum crucial signaling, both known to regulate HO-1 expression. Furthermore, we report on a C-terminal truncation of HO-1, which is generally considered as a signal molecule. Also, a newly identified alternative splice isoform of HO-1 not only provides us a novel perspective on comprehensive HO-1 alternative splicing but also offers us a basis to clarify the relationship between HO-1 transcripts and oxidative diseases. To conclude, the HO system is not only involved in heme catabolism but also involved in biological processes related to the pathogenesis of certain diseases, even though the mechanism of disease progression still remains sketchy. Further understanding the role of the HO system and its relationship to UV is helpful for revealing the HO-related signaling networks and the pathogenesis of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShiDa Chen
- The Base of “111 Project” for Biomechanics & Tissue Repair Engineering; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - XiaoYu Wang
- The Base of “111 Project” for Biomechanics & Tissue Repair Engineering; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- The Base of “111 Project” for Biomechanics & Tissue Repair Engineering; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- The Base of “111 Project” for Biomechanics & Tissue Repair Engineering; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
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8
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Chi VLD, Garaud S, De Silva P, Thibaud V, Stamatopoulos B, Berehad M, Gu-Trantien C, Krayem M, Duvillier H, Lodewyckx JN, Willard-Gallo K, Sibille C, Bron D. Age-related changes in the BACH2 and PRDM1 genes in lymphocytes from healthy donors and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:81. [PMID: 30654767 PMCID: PMC6337793 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related genetic changes in lymphocyte subsets are not currently well documented. BACH2 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in immune-mediated homeostasis by tightly regulating PRDM1 expression in both B-cells and T-cells. BACH2 gene expression is highly sensitive to DNA damage in aged mice. This concept led us to investigate the variation in BACH2 and also PRDM1 expression in major lymphocyte subsets with age. Methods Lymphocyte subsets from 60 healthy donors, aged from 20 to 90 years, and 41 untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients were studied. BACH2 and PRDM1 gene expression was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. BACH2 gene expression was correlated with its protein expression. Lymphocyte apoptosis was evaluated after intracellular oxidative stress-inducing etoposide treatment of T and B cells. Results Our analysis shows BACH2 mRNA downregulation with age in healthy donor CD4+, CD8+ T-cells and CD19+ B-cells. Decreased BACH2 expression was also correlated with an age-related reduction in CD8 + CD28+ T-cells. We found a strong correlation between age-related BACH2 downregulation and decreased CD4+ T-cell and CD19+ B-cell apoptosis. PRDM1, as expected, was significantly upregulated in CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells and CD19+ B-cells, and inversely correlated with BACH2. A comparison of untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with age-matched healthy donors reveals that BACH2 mRNA expression was further reduced in CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells and leukemic-B cells. PRDM1 gene expression was consequently significantly upregulated in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients but not in their leukemic B-cells. Conclusion Overall, our data suggest that BACH2 and PRDM1 genes are significantly correlated with age in human immune cells and may be involved in immunosenescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5276-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Luan Dang Chi
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Heger Bordet 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soizic Garaud
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Heger Bordet 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Thibaud
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Heger Bordet 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mimoune Berehad
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Heger Bordet 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chunyan Gu-Trantien
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut of Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Krayem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institute Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugues Duvillier
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Nicolas Lodewyckx
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Sibille
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Heger Bordet 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
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9
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Edwards CL, de Oca MM, de Labastida Rivera F, Kumar R, Ng SS, Wang Y, Amante FH, Kometani K, Kurosaki T, Sidwell T, Kallies A, Engwerda CR. The Role of BACH2 in T Cells in Experimental Malaria Caused by Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2578. [PMID: 30459773 PMCID: PMC6232374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BTB and CNC Homology 1, Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor 2 (BACH2) is a transcription factor best known for its role in B cell development. More recently, it has been associated with T cell functions in inflammatory diseases, and has been proposed as a master transcriptional regulator within the T cell compartment. In this study, we employed T cell-specific Bach2-deficient (B6.Bach2ΔT) mice to examine the role of this transcription factor in CD4+ T cell functions in vitro and in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi AS. We found that under CD4+ T cell polarizing conditions in vitro, Th2, and Th17 helper cell subsets were more active in the absence of Bach2 expression. In mice infected with P. chabaudi AS, although the absence of Bach2 expression by T cells had no effect on blood parasitemia or disease pathology, we found reduced expansion of CD4+ T cells in B6.Bach2ΔT mice, compared with littermate controls. Despite this reduction, we observed increased frequencies of Tbet+ IFNγ+ CD4+ (Th1) cells and IL-10-producing Th1 (Tr1) cells in mice lacking Bach2 expression by T cells. Studies in mixed bone marrow chimeric mice revealed T cell intrinsic effects of BACH2 on hematopoietic cell development, and in particular, the generation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Furthermore, T cell intrinsic BACH2 was needed for efficient expansion of CD4+ T cells during experimental malaria in this immunological setting. We also examined the response of B6.Bach2ΔT mice to a second protozoan parasitic challenge with Leishmania donovani and found similar effects on disease outcome and T cell responses. Together, our findings provide new insights into the role of BACH2 in CD4+ T cell activation during experimental malaria, and highlight an important role for this transcription factor in the development and expansion of T cells under homeostatic conditions, as well as establishing the composition of the effector CD4+ T cell compartment during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Susanna S Ng
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Yulin Wang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fiona H Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tom Sidwell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Bach1: Function, Regulation, and Involvement in Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1347969. [PMID: 30370001 PMCID: PMC6189649 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1347969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) is widely expressed in most mammalian tissues and functions primarily as a transcriptional suppressor by heterodimerizing with small Maf proteins and binding to Maf recognition elements in the promoters of targeted genes. It has a key regulatory role in the production of reactive oxygen species, cell cycle, heme homeostasis, hematopoiesis, and immunity and has been shown to suppress ischemic angiogenesis and promote breast cancer metastasis. This review summarizes how Bach1 controls these and other cellular and physiological and pathological processes. Bach1 expression and function differ between different cell types. Thus, therapies designed to manipulate Bach1 expression will need to be tightly controlled and tailored for each specific disease state or cell type.
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11
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Infection perturbs Bach2- and Bach1-dependent erythroid lineage 'choice' to cause anemia. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1059-1070. [PMID: 30250186 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of how the differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is reconfigured in response to the environment is critical for understanding the biology and disorder of hematopoiesis. Here we found that the transcription factors (TFs) Bach2 and Bach1 promoted erythropoiesis by regulating heme metabolism in committed erythroid cells to sustain erythroblast maturation and by reinforcing erythroid commitment at the erythro-myeloid bifurcation step. Bach TFs repressed expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor C/EBPβ, as well as that of its target genes encoding molecules important for myelopoiesis and inflammation; they achieved the latter by binding to their regulatory regions also bound by C/EBPβ. Lipopolysaccharide diminished the expression of Bach TFs in progenitor cells and promoted myeloid differentiation. Overexpression of Bach2 in HSPCs promoted erythroid development and inhibited myelopoiesis. Knockdown of BACH1 or BACH2 in human CD34+ HSPCs impaired erythroid differentiation in vitro. Thus, Bach TFs accelerate erythroid commitment by suppressing the myeloid program at steady state. Anemia of inflammation and myelodysplastic syndrome might involve reduced activity of Bach TFs.
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12
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Jang E, Lee HR, Lee GH, Oh AR, Cha JY, Igarashi K, Youn J. Bach2 represses the AP-1-driven induction of interleukin-2 gene transcription in CD4+ T cells. BMB Rep 2018; 50:472-477. [PMID: 28855027 PMCID: PMC5625695 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.9.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription repressor Bach2 has been proposed as a regulator of T cell quiescence, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Given the importance of interleukin-2 in T cell activation, we investigated whether Bach2 is a component of the network of factors that regulates interleukin-2 expression. In primary and transformed CD4+ T cells, Bach2 overexpression counteracted T cell receptor/CD28- or PMA/ionomycin-driven induction of interleukin-2 expression, and silencing of Bach2 had the opposite effect. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Bach2 binds to multiple Maf-recognition element-like sites on the interleukin-2 proximal promoter in a manner competitive with AP-1, and thereby represses AP-1-driven induction of interleukin-2 transcription. Thus, this study demonstrates that Bach2 is a direct repressor of the interleukin-2 gene in CD4+ T cells during the immediate early phase of AP-driven activation, thereby playing an important role in the maintenance of immune quiescence in the steady state. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(9): 472-477].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyeong Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Geon Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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13
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Miura Y, Morooka M, Sax N, Roychoudhuri R, Itoh-Nakadai A, Brydun A, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Satomi S, Matsumoto M, Igarashi K, Muto A. Bach2 Promotes B Cell Receptor-Induced Proliferation of B Lymphocytes and Represses Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2882-2893. [PMID: 29540581 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BTB and CNC homology 2 (Bach2) is a transcriptional repressor that is required for the formation of the germinal center (GC) and reactions, including class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of Ig genes in B cells, within the GC. Although BCR-induced proliferation is essential for GC reactions, the function of Bach2 in regulating B cell proliferation has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that Bach2 is required to sustain high levels of B cell proliferation in response to BCR signaling. Following BCR engagement in vitro, B cells from Bach2-deficient (Bach2-/-) mice showed lower incorporation of BrdU and reduced cell cycle progression compared with wild-type cells. Bach2-/- B cells also underwent increased apoptosis, as evidenced by an elevated frequency of sub-G1 cells and early apoptotic cells. Transcriptome analysis of BCR-engaged B cells from Bach2-/- mice revealed reduced expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2l1 encoding Bcl-xL and elevated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) family genes, including Cdkn1a, Cdkn2a, and Cdkn2b Reconstitution of Bcl-xL expression partially rescued the proliferation defect of Bach2-/- B cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that Bach2 bound to the CKI family genes, indicating that these genes are direct repression targets of Bach2. These findings identify Bach2 as a requisite factor for sustaining high levels of BCR-induced proliferation, survival, and cell cycle progression, and it promotes expression of Bcl-xL and repression of CKI genes. BCR-induced proliferation defects may contribute to the impaired GC formation observed in Bach2-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mizuho Morooka
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nicolas Sax
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Itoh-Nakadai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Andrey Brydun
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Susumu Satomi
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; and
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Akihiko Muto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; and
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14
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Zhu Z, Yang C, Wen L, Liu L, Zuo X, Zhou F, Gao J, Zheng X, Shi Y, Zhu C, Liang B, Yin X, Wang W, Cheng H, Shen S, Tang X, Tang H, Sun L, Zhang A, Yang S, Cui Y, Zhang X, Sheng Y. RETRACTED: Bach2 regulates aberrant activation of B cell in systemic lupus erythematosus and can be negatively regulated by BCR-ABL/PI3K. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:138-144. [PMID: 29501569 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the authors. The journal is retracting this paper after the authors reached out to the journal with a statement that several images contained duplications from another published paper. Part of the panels in Figure 1D and Figure 4D are duplications of panels in Figure 7 of Wang et al., Int J Mol Sci (2016), DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060969. The β-actin panel in Figure 2E is same as the α-tubulin panel in Figure 4B. In addition, the corresponding author informed the journal that “there were serious conflicts of personal interest, part of co-authors of this paper were not involved in the study and not aware of the submission, and they did not authorize their names to appear in the article”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Leilei Wen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yinjuan Shi
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Songke Shen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xianfa Tang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Huayang Tang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, East Street Cherry Park, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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15
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Ge Z, Zhou X, Gu Y, Han Q, Li J, Chen B, Ge Q, Dovat E, Payne JL, Sun T, Song C, Dovat S. Ikaros regulation of the BCL6/BACH2 axis and its clinical relevance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8022-8034. [PMID: 28030830 PMCID: PMC5352379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a proto-oncogene that is highly expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). BTB and CNC Homology 1 Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor 2 (BACH2) is a suppressor of transcription. The BACH2-BCL6 balance controls selection at the pre-B cell receptor checkpoint by regulating p53 expression. However, the underlying mechanism and the clinical relevance of the BCL6/BACH2 axis are unknown. Here, we found that Ikaros, a tumor suppressor encoded by IKZF1, directly binds to both the BCL6 and BACH2 promoters where it suppresses BCL6 and promotes BACH2 expression in B-cell ALL (B-ALL) cells. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitors increase Ikaros function thereby inhibiting BCL6 and promoting BACH2 expression in an Ikaros-dependent manner. We also found that the expression of BCL6 is higher while BACH2 expression is lower in patients with B-ALL than normal bone marrow control. High BCL6 and low BACH2 expression is associated with high leukemic cell proliferation, unfavorable clinical and laboratory features, and inferior outcomes. Moreover, IKZF1 deletion is associated with high BCL6 and low BACH2 expression in B-ALL patients. CK2 inhibitors increase Ikaros binding to the promoter of BCL6 and BACH2 and suppress BCL6 while promoting BACH2 expression in the primary B-ALL cells. Our data indicates that Ikaros regulates expression of the BCL6/BACH2 axis in B-ALL. High BCL6 and low BACH2 expression are associated with Ikaros dysregulation and have a potential effect on the development of B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xilian Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Elanora Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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16
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Herbaux C, Bertrand E, Marot G, Roumier C, Poret N, Soenen V, Nibourel O, Roche-Lestienne C, Broucqsault N, Galiègue-Zouitina S, Boyle EM, Fouquet G, Renneville A, Tricot S, Morschhauser F, Preudhomme C, Quesnel B, Poulain S, Leleu X. BACH2 promotes indolent clinical presentation in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57451-57459. [PMID: 28924457 PMCID: PMC5593656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of the patients who fulfil the criteria of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) are diagnosed while asymptomatic (indolent), and will not require immediate therapy. Conversely, patients with a disease-related event will be considered for therapy. The physiopathology of these 2 groups remains unclear, and the mechanisms of progression from indolent to symptomatic WM have yet to be fully understood. Seventeen patients diagnosed with WM were included in this study, 8 asymptomatic WM (A-WM) and 9 symptomatic WM (S-WM). A differential analysis was performed on a first series of 11 patients and identified 48 genes whose expression separated samples from A- to S-WM. This gene signature was then confirmed on a second independent validation set of 6 WM. Within this expression profile, BACH2, a B-cell transcription factor known to be a tumor suppressor gene, was found to be over-expressed in A-MW relatively to S-MW. We specifically over-expressed BACH2 in a WM-related cell line and observed a significant reduction of the clonogenic activity. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time a specific gene expression signature that differentiates A-WM and S-WM. Within this expression profile, BACH2 was identified as a candidate gene that may help to understand better the behavior of tumor cells in indolent WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Herbaux
- Inserm U837, Team 3, Cancer Research Institute of Lille, Lille, France.,Service des Maladies du Sang, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU, Lille, France
| | | | - Guillemette Marot
- Lille Nord de France University, Equipe Biostatistique, UDSL, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Roumier
- Laboratory d'Hématologie, Biologie and Pathologie Center, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Poret
- Inserm U837, Team 3, Cancer Research Institute of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Soenen
- Laboratory d'Hématologie, Biologie and Pathologie Center, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Nibourel
- Laboratory d'Hématologie, Biologie and Pathologie Center, CHRU, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Eileen M Boyle
- Service des Maladies du Sang, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU, Lille, France
| | | | - Aline Renneville
- Laboratory d'Hématologie, Biologie and Pathologie Center, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Sabine Tricot
- Département d'Hématologie-Immunologie-Cytogénétique, CH, Valenciennes, France
| | | | - Claude Preudhomme
- Laboratory d'Hématologie, Biologie and Pathologie Center, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Inserm U837, Team 3, Cancer Research Institute of Lille, Lille, France.,Service des Maladies du Sang, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Stephanie Poulain
- Département d'Hématologie-Immunologie-Cytogénétique, CH, Valenciennes, France
| | - Xavier Leleu
- Service d'Hématolgie et Thérapie cellulaire, Hématologie, CHU, Poitiers, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm, CHU, Poitiers, France
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17
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Igarashi K, Kurosaki T, Roychoudhuri R. BACH transcription factors in innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:437-450. [PMID: 28461702 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BTB and CNC homology (BACH) proteins are transcriptional repressors of the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family. Recent studies indicate widespread roles of BACH proteins in controlling the development and function of the innate and adaptive immune systems, including the differentiation of effector and memory cells of the B and T cell lineages, CD4+ regulatory T cells and macrophages. Here, we emphasize similarities at a molecular level in the cell-type-specific activities of BACH factors, proposing that competitive interactions of BACH proteins with transcriptional activators of the bZIP family form a common mechanistic theme underlying their diverse actions. The findings contribute to a general understanding of how transcriptional repressors shape lineage commitment and cell-type-specific functions through repression of alternative lineage programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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18
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Roychoudhuri R, Clever D, Li P, Wakabayashi Y, Quinn KM, Klebanoff CA, Ji Y, Sukumar M, Eil RL, Yu Z, Spolski R, Palmer DC, Pan JH, Patel SJ, Macallan DC, Fabozzi G, Shih HY, Kanno Y, Muto A, Zhu J, Gattinoni L, O'Shea JJ, Okkenhaug K, Igarashi K, Leonard WJ, Restifo NP. BACH2 regulates CD8(+) T cell differentiation by controlling access of AP-1 factors to enhancers. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:851-860. [PMID: 27158840 PMCID: PMC4918801 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling drives distinct responses depending on the differentiation state and context of CD8(+) T cells. We hypothesized that access of signal-dependent transcription factors (TFs) to enhancers is dynamically regulated to shape transcriptional responses to TCR signaling. We found that the TF BACH2 restrains terminal differentiation to enable generation of long-lived memory cells and protective immunity after viral infection. BACH2 was recruited to enhancers, where it limited expression of TCR-driven genes by attenuating the availability of activator protein-1 (AP-1) sites to Jun family signal-dependent TFs. In naive cells, this prevented TCR-driven induction of genes associated with terminal differentiation. Upon effector differentiation, reduced expression of BACH2 and its phosphorylation enabled unrestrained induction of TCR-driven effector programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Roychoudhuri
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Clever
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH., USA
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD., USA
| | | | - Kylie M Quinn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD., USA
| | | | - Yun Ji
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
| | | | - Robert L Eil
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Douglas C Palmer
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Jenny H Pan
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Shashank J Patel
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Derek C Macallan
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Fabozzi
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Han-Yu Shih
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Yuka Kanno
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Akihiko Muto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD., USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD., USA
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19
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Hunter JE, Butterworth JA, Zhao B, Sellier H, Campbell KJ, Thomas HD, Bacon CM, Cockell SJ, Gewurz BE, Perkins ND. The NF-κB subunit c-Rel regulates Bach2 tumour suppressor expression in B-cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2016; 35:3476-84. [PMID: 26522720 PMCID: PMC4853301 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The REL gene, encoding the NF-κB subunit c-Rel, is frequently amplified in B-cell lymphoma and functions as a tumour-promoting transcription factor. Here we report the surprising result that c-rel-/- mice display significantly earlier lymphomagenesis in the c-Myc driven, Eμ-Myc model of B-cell lymphoma. c-Rel loss also led to earlier onset of disease in a separate TCL1-Tg-driven lymphoma model. Tumour reimplantation experiments indicated that this is an effect intrinsic to the Eμ-Myc lymphoma cells but, counterintuitively, c-rel-/- Eμ-Myc lymphoma cells were more sensitive to apoptotic stimuli. To learn more about why loss of c-Rel led to earlier onset of disease, microarray gene expression analysis was performed on B cells from 4-week-old, wild-type and c-rel-/- Eμ-Myc mice. Extensive changes in gene expression were not seen at this age, but among those transcripts significantly downregulated by the loss of c-Rel was the B-cell tumour suppressor BTB and CNC homology 2 (Bach2). Quantitative PCR and western blot analysis confirmed loss of Bach2 in c-Rel mutant Eμ-Myc tumours at both 4 weeks and the terminal stages of disease. Moreover, Bach2 expression was also downregulated in c-rel-/- TCL1-Tg mice and RelA Thr505Ala mutant Eμ-Myc mice. Analysis of wild-type Eμ-Myc mice demonstrated that the population expressing low levels of Bach2 exhibited the earlier onset of lymphoma seen in c-rel-/- mice. Confirming the relevance of these findings to human disease, analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data revealed that Bach2 is a c-Rel and NF-κB target gene in transformed human B cells, whereas treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma cells with inhibitors of the NF-κB/IκB kinase pathway or deletion of c-Rel or RelA resulted in loss of Bach2 expression. These data reveal a surprising tumour suppressor role for c-Rel in lymphoma development explained by regulation of Bach2 expression, underlining the context-dependent complexity of NF-κB signalling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hunter
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J A Butterworth
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - B Zhao
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Sellier
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - K J Campbell
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - H D Thomas
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - C M Bacon
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - S J Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - B E Gewurz
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N D Perkins
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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20
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21
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Ando R, Shima H, Tamahara T, Sato Y, Watanabe-Matsui M, Kato H, Sax N, Motohashi H, Taguchi K, Yamamoto M, Nio M, Maeda T, Ochiai K, Muto A, Igarashi K. The Transcription Factor Bach2 Is Phosphorylated at Multiple Sites in Murine B Cells but a Single Site Prevents Its Nuclear Localization. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1826-1840. [PMID: 26620562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Bach2 regulates the immune system at multiple points, including class switch recombination (CSR) in activated B cells and the function of T cells in part by restricting their terminal differentiation. However, the regulation of Bach2 expression and its activity in the immune cells are still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Bach2 mRNA expression decreased in Pten-deficient primary B cells. Bach2 was phosphorylated in primary B cells, which was increased upon the activation of the B cell receptor by an anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody or CD40 ligand. Using specific inhibitors of kinases, the phosphorylation of Bach2 in activated B cells was shown to depend on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The complex of mTOR and Raptor phosphorylated Bach2 in vitro. We identified multiple new phosphorylation sites of Bach2 by mass spectrometry analysis of epitope-tagged Bach2 expressed in the mature B cell line BAL17. Among the sites identified, serine 535 (Ser-535) was critical for the regulation of Bach2 because a single mutation of Ser-535 abolished cytoplasmic accumulation of Bach2, promoting its nuclear accumulation in pre-B cells, whereas Ser-509 played an auxiliary role. Bach2 repressor activity was enhanced by the Ser-535 mutation in B cells. These results suggest that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway inhibits Bach2 by both repressing its expression and inducing its phosphorylation in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ando
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; Pediatric Surgery, and
| | - Hiroki Shima
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Toru Tamahara
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and; the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Sax
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | | | - Tatsuya Maeda
- the Laboratory of Membrane Proteins, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ochiai
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | - Akihiko Muto
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575,.
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22
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Tatemichi Y, Shibazaki M, Yasuhira S, Kasai S, Tada H, Oikawa H, Suzuki Y, Takikawa Y, Masuda T, Maesawa C. Nucleus accumbens associated 1 is recruited within the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body through SUMO modification. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:848-56. [PMID: 25891951 PMCID: PMC4520636 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens associated 1 (NACC1) is a cancer-associated BTB/POZ (pox virus and zinc finger/bric-a-brac tramtrack broad complex) gene, and is involved in several cellular functions in neurons, cancer and stem cells. Some of the BTB/POZ proteins associated with cancer biology are SUMOylated, which appears to play an important role in transcription regulation. We show that NACC1 is SUMOylated on a phylogenetically conserved lysine (K167) out of three consensus SUMOylation motif sites. Amino acid substitution in the SIM sequence (SIM/M) within the BTB/POZ domain partially reduced K167 SUMOylation activity of NACC1. Overexpression of GFP-NACC1 fusion protein leads to formation of discrete nuclear foci similar to promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NB), which colocalized with SUMO paralogues (SUMO1/2/3). Both NACC1 nuclear body formation and colocalization with SUMO paralogues were completely suppressed in the GFP-NACC1-SIM/M mutant, whereas they were partially maintained in the NACC1 K167R mutant. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis showed that endogenous and exogenous NACC1 proteins colocalized with endogenous PML protein. A pull-down assay revealed that the consensus motifs of the SUMO acceptor site at K167 and the SIM within the BTB/POZ domain were both necessary for efficient binding to PML protein. Our study demonstrates that NACC1 can be modified by SUMO paralogues, and cooperates with PML protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tatemichi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shibazaki
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Shinji Yasuhira
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Shuya Kasai
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Masuda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Chihaya Maesawa
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
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23
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Wegner M, Mostowska A, Araszkiewicz A, Choudhury M, Piorunska-Stolzmann M, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D, Wierusz-Wysocka B, Jagodzinski PP. Association investigation of BACH2 rs3757247 and SOD2 rs4880 polymorphisms with the type 1 diabetes and diabetes long-term complications risk in the Polish population. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:327-332. [PMID: 26137231 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are indicated in the development of type 1 diabetes (DM1). Recently, nucleotide variants of BACH2 and SOD2 have been associated with this chronic condition. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of BACH2 rs3757247 and SOD2 rs4880 (Ala16Val) polymorphisms to the risk of DM1 and diabetes long-term complications. Selected polymorphic variants of BACH2 and SOD2 were investigated in a group of 141 patients with DM1 and in a group of age, gender-matched healthy subjects (n=369) using a high-resolution melting curve method. There was no evidence for either allelic or genotypic association with the risk of DM1 and diabetes chronic complications for analysed polymorphisms. In addition, no interaction between BACH2 and SOD2 variants in the development of this condition was observed. However, the frequency of BACH2 rs3757247 AG and AA genotypes was statistically different between DM1 patients with retinopathy and healthy individuals (odds ratio, 2.455; 95% confidence interval, 0.999-6.035; P=0.044), but this result did not survive multiple testing corrections. The present study did not confirm the involvement of BACH2 rs3757247 and SOD2 rs4880 polymorphisms in the development of DM1 and diabetes long-term complications. Further studies in a larger population sample are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wegner
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of General Chemistry, Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-780, Poland
| | - Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-781, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Araszkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-843, Poland
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Kingsville 78363, TX, USA
| | - Maria Piorunska-Stolzmann
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-780, Poland
| | | | - Bogna Wierusz-Wysocka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-843, Poland
| | - Pawel P Jagodzinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-781, Poland
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24
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Itoh-Nakadai A, Hikota R, Muto A, Kometani K, Watanabe-Matsui M, Sato Y, Kobayashi M, Nakamura A, Miura Y, Yano Y, Tashiro S, Sun J, Ikawa T, Ochiai K, Kurosaki T, Igarashi K. The transcription repressors Bach2 and Bach1 promote B cell development by repressing the myeloid program. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:1171-80. [PMID: 25344725 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mature lymphoid cells express the transcription repressor Bach2, which imposes regulation on humoral and cellular immunity. Here we found critical roles for Bach2 in the development of cells of the B lineage, commencing from the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) stage, with Bach1 as an auxiliary. Overexpression of Bach2 in pre-pro-B cells deficient in the transcription factor EBF1 and single-cell analysis of CLPs revealed that Bach2 and Bach1 repressed the expression of genes important for myeloid cells ('myeloid genes'). Bach2 and Bach1 bound to presumptive regulatory regions of the myeloid genes. Bach2(hi) CLPs showed resistance to myeloid differentiation even when cultured under myeloid conditions. Our results suggest that Bach2 functions with Bach1 and EBF1 to promote B cell development by repressing myeloid genes in CLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Itoh-Nakadai
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. [2] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sendai, Japan
| | - Reina Hikota
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiko Muto
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. [2] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Kometani
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe-Matsui
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichi Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Yano
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jiying Sun
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- Laboratory for Immune Regeneration RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ochiai
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. [2] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sendai, Japan. [3] Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- 1] RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan. [2] WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. [2] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sendai, Japan. [3] Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Shih HY, Sciumè G, Poholek AC, Vahedi G, Hirahara K, Villarino AV, Bonelli M, Bosselut R, Kanno Y, Muljo SA, O'Shea JJ. Transcriptional and epigenetic networks of helper T and innate lymphoid cells. Immunol Rev 2014; 261:23-49. [PMID: 25123275 PMCID: PMC4321863 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the specification of CD4(+) helper T cells to discrete effector 'lineages' represented a watershed event in conceptualizing mechanisms of host defense and immunoregulation. However, our appreciation for the actual complexity of helper T-cell subsets continues unabated. Just as the Sami language of Scandinavia has 1000 different words for reindeer, immunologists recognize the range of fates available for a CD4(+) T cell is numerous and may be underestimated. Added to the crowded scene for helper T-cell subsets is the continuously growing family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), endowed with common effector responses and the previously defined 'master regulators' for CD4(+) helper T-cell subsets are also shared by ILC subsets. Within the context of this extraordinary complexity are concomitant advances in the understanding of transcriptomes and epigenomes. So what do terms like 'lineage commitment' and helper T-cell 'specification' mean in the early 21st century? How do we put all of this together in a coherent conceptual framework? It would be arrogant to assume that we have a sophisticated enough understanding to seriously answer these questions. Instead, we review the current status of the flexibility of helper T-cell responses in relation to their genetic regulatory networks and epigenetic landscapes. Recent data have provided major surprises as to what master regulators can or cannot do, how they interact with other transcription factors and impact global genome-wide changes, and how all these factors come together to influence helper cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Shih
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Igarashi K, Ochiai K, Itoh-Nakadai A, Muto A. Orchestration of plasma cell differentiation by Bach2 and its gene regulatory network. Immunol Rev 2014; 261:116-25. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Sendai Japan
| | - Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Sendai Japan
| | - Ari Itoh-Nakadai
- Department of Biochemistry; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Sendai Japan
| | - Akihiko Muto
- Department of Biochemistry; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Sendai Japan
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27
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Marroquí L, Santin I, Dos Santos RS, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL. BACH2, a candidate risk gene for type 1 diabetes, regulates apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells via JNK1 modulation and crosstalk with the candidate gene PTPN2. Diabetes 2014; 63:2516-27. [PMID: 24608439 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by specific destruction of pancreatic β-cells by the immune system. Linkage and genome-wide association studies have identified more than 50 loci across the human genome associated with risk of type 1 diabetes. Recently, basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2 (BACH2) has been associated with genetic risk to develop type 1 diabetes, in an effect ascribed to the immune system. We evaluated whether BACH2 may also play a role in immune-mediated pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. BACH2 inhibition exacerbated cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis in human and rodent β-cells by the mitochondrial pathway of cell death, whereas BACH2 overexpression had protective effects. BACH2 silencing and exposure to proinflammatory cytokines increased phosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein JNK1 by upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7) and downregulation of PTPN2. JNK1 increased phosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein BIM, and both JNK1 and BIM knockdown protected β-cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis in BACH2-silenced cells. The present findings suggest that the type 1 diabetes candidate gene BACH2 regulates proinflammatory cytokine-induced apoptotic pathways in pancreatic β-cells by crosstalk with another candidate gene, PTPN2, and activation of JNK1 and BIM. This clarifies an unexpected and relevant mechanism by which BACH2 may contribute to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marroquí
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Izortze Santin
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, BelgiumEndocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Reinaldo Sousa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Been RA, Linden MA, Hager CJ, DeCoursin KJ, Abrahante JE, Landman SR, Steinbach M, Sarver AL, Largaespada DA, Starr TK. Genetic signature of histiocytic sarcoma revealed by a sleeping beauty transposon genetic screen in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97280. [PMID: 24827933 PMCID: PMC4020815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare, aggressive neoplasm that responds poorly to therapy. Histiocytic sarcoma is thought to arise from macrophage precursor cells via genetic changes that are largely undefined. To improve our understanding of the etiology of histiocytic sarcoma we conducted a forward genetic screen in mice using the Sleeping Beauty transposon as a mutagen to identify genetic drivers of histiocytic sarcoma. Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis was targeted to myeloid lineage cells using the Lysozyme2 promoter. Mice with activated Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis had significantly shortened lifespan and the majority of these mice developed tumors resembling human histiocytic sarcoma. Analysis of transposon insertions identified 27 common insertion sites containing 28 candidate cancer genes. Several of these genes are known drivers of hematological neoplasms, like Raf1, Fli1, and Mitf, while others are well-known cancer genes, including Nf1, Myc, Jak2, and Pten. Importantly, several new potential drivers of histiocytic sarcoma were identified and could serve as targets for therapy for histiocytic sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha A. Been
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Comparative and Molecular Biosciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Courtney J. Hager
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Krista J. DeCoursin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Juan E. Abrahante
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sean R. Landman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael Steinbach
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aaron L. Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy K. Starr
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ichikawa S, Fukuhara N, Katsushima H, Takahashi T, Yamamoto J, Yokoyama H, Sasaki O, Fukuhara O, Nomura J, Ishizawa K, Ichinohasama R, Muto A, Igarashi K, Harigae H. Association between BACH2 expression and clinical prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:437-44. [PMID: 24450488 PMCID: PMC4317811 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACH2, a B cell-specific transcriptional repressor, plays a significant role in B cell maturation. Despite a number of previous studies, the clinicopathological significance of BACH2 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains to be established. The present study was performed to validate the significance of BACH2 expression as a predictor of prognosis in DLBCL. A total of 94 DLBCL cases were included in the present study. All were diagnosed between 2008 and 2011, and thorough clinical and pathological investigations were possible, including immunohistochemical analysis of BACH2. Eighteen cases were selected by positive MYC gene alteration (MYC+ group) according to cytogenetic study. The remaining 76 cases were subclassified into germinal center B cell phenotype (GCB group, 38 cases) or non-GCB phenotype (non-GCB group, 38 cases). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to clinical characteristics and outcomes. In the GCB group, 21 cases were judged to have high BACH2 expression, with 19 cases in the non-GCB group. In cases with high BACH2 expression in GCB and non-GCB groups, the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was significantly shorter than that with low expression (71.7% vs 91.3%, P = 0.0256). In the MYC+ group, 15 cases had high BACH2 expression levels. Although overall the MYC+ group showed short survival time (3-year OS 35.0%), 3 out of 4 cases with low BACH2 expression are alive without disease relapse at the time of publication of this paper. In conclusion, BACH2 expression level is a promising predictor of prognosis for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Swaminathan S, Duy C, Müschen M. BACH2-BCL6 balance regulates selection at the pre-B cell receptor checkpoint. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:131-7. [PMID: 24332591 PMCID: PMC3943645 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At the pre-B cell receptor (BCR) checkpoint, developing pre-B cells are selected for successful rearrangement of V(H)-DJ(H) gene segments and expression of a pre-BCR. Reduced stringency at this checkpoint may obstruct the B cell repertoire with nonfunctional B cell clones. Earlier studies have described that activation of B cell lymphoma/leukemia (BCL)6 by a functional pre-BCR mediates positive selection of pre-B cells that have passed the checkpoint. This concept is now further elaborated by the recent finding that the BTB and CNC homology 1 basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2 (BACH2) induces negative selection and opposes BCL6 function prior to the pre-BCR checkpoint. Here, we discuss the antagonism between BCL6 and BACH2 during early B cell development, as well as its implications in both repertoire selection and counter-selection of premalignant clones for leukemia suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cihangir Duy
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Uittenboogaard LM, Payan-Gomez C, Pothof J, van Ijcken W, Mastroberardino PG, van der Pluijm I, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Tresini M. BACH2: a marker of DNA damage and ageing. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:982-92. [PMID: 24075570 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage and ageing share expression changes involving alterations in many aspects of metabolism, suppression of growth and upregulation of defence and genome maintenance systems. "Omics" technologies have permitted large-scale parallel measurements covering global cellular constituents and aided the identification of specific response pathways that change during ageing and after DNA damage. We have set out to identify genes with highly conserved response patterns through meta-analysis of mRNA expression datasets collected during natural ageing and accelerated ageing caused by a Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair (TC-NER) defect in a diverse set of organs and tissues in mice, and from in vitro UV-induced DNA damage in a variety of murine cells. The identified set of genes that show similar expression patterns in response to organ ageing (accelerated and normal), and endogenously and exogenously induced DNA damage, consists of genes involved in anti-oxidant systems and includes the transcription factor Bach2 as one of the most consistent markers. BACH2 was originally identified as a partner of the small Maf proteins and antagonist of the NRF2 anti-oxidant defence pathway and has been implicated in B-cell differentiation and immune system homeostasis. Although BACH2 has never before been associated with UV-induced damage or ageing, it shows a strong downregulation in both conditions. We have characterized the dynamics of Bach2 expression in response to DNA damage and show that it is a highly sensitive responder to transcription-blocking DNA lesions. Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix microarray analysis after siRNA-mediated silencing of Bach2 identified cell cycle and transcription regulation as the most significantly altered processes consistent with a function as transcription factor affecting proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Uittenboogaard
- MGC Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
Bach2 is a transcription factor required for affinity maturation of B cells. A recent study reveals, quite unexpectedly, that Bach2 also plays a key role in the pre-B cell receptor checkpoint and functions as a tumor suppressor in pre-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hilda Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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33
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Zolotukhin P, Kozlova Y, Dovzhik A, Kovalenko K, Kutsyn K, Aleksandrova A, Shkurat T. Oxidative status interactome map: towards novel approaches in experiment planning, data analysis, diagnostics and therapy. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:2085-96. [PMID: 23698602 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests an immense variety of processes associated with and aimed at producing reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species. Clinical studies implicate an enormous range of pathologies associated with reactive oxygen/nitrogen species metabolism deregulation, particularly oxidative stress. Recent advances in biochemistry, proteomics and molecular biology/biophysics of cells suggest oxidative stress to be an endpoint of complex dysregulation events of conjugated pathways consolidated under the term, proposed here, "oxidative status". The oxidative status concept, in order to allow for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, requires elaboration of a new logic system comprehending all the features, versatility and complexity of cellular pro- and antioxidative components of different nature. We have developed a curated and regularly updated interactive interactome map of human cellular-level oxidative status allowing for systematization of the related most up-to-date experimental data. A total of more than 600 papers were selected for the initial creation of the map. The map comprises more than 300 individual factors with respective interactions, all subdivided hierarchically for logical analysis purposes. The pilot application of the interactome map suggested several points for further development of oxidative status-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zolotukhin
- Southern Federal University, Stachki av., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
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34
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Casolari DA, Makri M, Yoshida C, Muto A, Igarashi K, Melo JV. Transcriptional suppression of BACH2 by the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein is mediated by PAX5. Leukemia 2012; 27:409-15. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Kelkel M, Schumacher M, Dicato M, Diederich M. Antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of lycopene. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:925-40. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.564168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Baird L, Dinkova-Kostova AT. The cytoprotective role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:241-72. [PMID: 21365312 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 744] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An elaborate network of highly inducible proteins protects aerobic cells against the cumulative damaging effects of reactive oxygen intermediates and toxic electrophiles, which are the major causes of neoplastic and chronic degenerative diseases. These cytoprotective proteins share common transcriptional regulation, through the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, which can be activated by various exogenous and endogenous small molecules (inducers). Inducers chemically react with critical cysteine residues of the sensor protein Keap1, leading to stabilisation and nuclear translocation of transcription factor Nrf2, and ultimately to coordinate enhanced expression of genes coding for cytoprotective proteins. In addition, inducers inhibit pro-inflammatory responses, and there is a linear correlation spanning more than six orders of magnitude of concentrations between inducer and anti-inflammatory activity. Genetic deletion of transcription factor Nrf2 renders cells and animals much more sensitive to the damaging effects of electrophiles, oxidants and inflammatory agents in comparison with their wild-type counterparts. Conversely, activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway allows survival and adaptation under various conditions of stress and has protective effects in many animal models. Cross-talks with other signalling pathways broadens the role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in determining the fate of the cell, impacting fundamental biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Baird
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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37
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Bach2 represses plasma cell gene regulatory network in B cells to promote antibody class switch. EMBO J 2010; 29:4048-61. [PMID: 20953163 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two transcription factors, Pax5 and Blimp-1, form a gene regulatory network (GRN) with a double-negative loop, which defines either B-cell (Pax5 high) or plasma cell (Blimp-1 high) status as a binary switch. However, it is unclear how this B-cell GRN registers class switch DNA recombination (CSR), an event that takes place before the terminal differentiation to plasma cells. In the absence of Bach2 encoding a transcription factor required for CSR, mouse splenic B cells more frequently and rapidly expressed Blimp-1 and differentiated to IgM plasma cells as compared with wild-type cells. Genetic loss of Blimp-1 in Bach2(-/-) B cells was sufficient to restore CSR. These data with mathematical modelling of the GRN indicate that Bach2 achieves a time delay in Blimp-1 induction, which inhibits plasma cell differentiation and promotes CSR (Delay-Driven Diversity model for CSR). Reduction in mature B-cell numbers in Bach2(-/-) mice was not rescued by Blimp-1 ablation, indicating that Bach2 regulates B-cell differentiation and function through Blimp-1-dependent and -independent GRNs.
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38
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Sykiotis GP, Bohmann D. Stress-activated cap'n'collar transcription factors in aging and human disease. Sci Signal 2010; 3:re3. [PMID: 20215646 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.3112re3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cap'n'collar (Cnc) transcription factors are conserved in metazoans and have important developmental and homeostatic functions. The vertebrate Nrf1, Nrf2, and Nrf3; the Caenorhabditis elegans SKN-1; and the Drosophila CncC comprise a subgroup of Cnc factors that mediate adaptive responses to cellular stress. The most studied stress-activated Cnc factor is Nrf2, which orchestrates the transcriptional response of cells to oxidative stressors and electrophilic xenobiotics. In rodent models, signaling by Nrf2 defends against oxidative stress and aging-associated disorders, such as neurodegeneration, respiratory diseases, and cancer. In humans, polymorphisms that decrease Nrf2 abundance have been associated with various pathologies of the skin, respiratory system, and digestive tract. In addition to preventing disease in rodents and humans, Cnc factors have life-span-extending and anti-aging functions in invertebrates. However, despite the pro-longevity and antioxidant roles of stress-activated Cnc factors, their activity paradoxically declines in aging model organisms and in humans suffering from progressive respiratory disease or neurodegeneration. We review the roles and regulation of stress-activated Cnc factors across species, present all reported instances in which their activity is paradoxically decreased in aging and disease, and discuss the possibility that the pharmacological restoration of Nrf2 signaling may be useful in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos P Sykiotis
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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39
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Copple IM, Goldring CE, Kitteringham NR, Park BK. The keap1-nrf2 cellular defense pathway: mechanisms of regulation and role in protection against drug-induced toxicity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010:233-66. [PMID: 20020265 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00663-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions pose a significant public health problem. In some cases, the process of drug metabolism can contribute to the onset of toxicity through the bioactivation of a parent molecule to a chemically reactive intermediate. In order to maintain a favorable balance between bioactivation and detoxification, mammalian cells have evolved an inducible cell defense system known as the antioxidant response pathway. The activity of this cytoprotective pathway is largely regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2, which governs the expression of many phase II detoxification and antioxidant enzymes. In turn, the activity of Nrf2 is regulated by the cysteine-rich cytosolic inhibitor Keap1, which acts as a "sensor" for chemical/oxidative stress. This article summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the function of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and highlights the importance of Nrf2 in the protection against drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Copple
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GE, UK
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40
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Huang C, Chen H, Cassidy W, Howell CD. Peripheral blood gene expression profile associated with sustained virologic response after peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis-C genotype 1. J Natl Med Assoc 2009; 100:1425-33. [PMID: 19110910 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between global gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during the first 4 weeks of peginterferon alfa and ribavirin therapy and long-term eradication of hepatitis-C genotype 1 infections in 23 patients. A sustained virologic response (SVR), defined as an undetected serum HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) at week 72, was the virologic response endpoint. PBMC RNA was prepared at week 0 and week 4 from 23 patients (17 black and 6 white Americans), and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip HG-U133 plus 2.0 arrays. Compared to week 0, 269 genes were differentially expressed at week 4 of treatment, including many genes regulated by alpha interferons and associated with host immunity (p<0.0001), cell signal transduction (p<0.001) and cellular protein metabolism (p<0.001). Expression of these 269 genes at week 0 and week 4 did not differ significantly between patients with and without a SVR. In contrast, SVR was associated with differential expression of 98 genes at week 4 (false discovery rate <0.01). Many of the genes have been implicated in control of HCV lifecycle and thus may play important roles in HCV clearance during peginterferon and ribavirin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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41
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McDonough H, Charles PC, Hilliard EG, Qian SB, Min JN, Portbury A, Cyr DM, Patterson C. Stress-dependent Daxx-CHIP interaction suppresses the p53 apoptotic program. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:20649-59. [PMID: 19465479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.011767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein) as a co-chaperone/ubiquitin ligase whose activities yield protection against stress-induced apoptotic events. In this report, we demonstrate a stress-dependent interaction between CHIP and Daxx (death domain-associated protein). This interaction interferes with the stress-dependent association of HIPK2 with Daxx, blocking phosphorylation of serine 46 in p53 and inhibiting the p53-dependent apoptotic program. Microarray analysis confirmed suppression of the p53-dependent transcriptional portrait in CHIP(+/+) but not in CHIP(-/-) heat shocked mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The interaction between CHIP and Daxx results in ubiquitination of Daxx, which is then partitioned to an insoluble compartment of the cell. In vitro ubiquitination of Daxx by CHIP revealed that ubiquitin chain formation utilizes non-canonical lysine linkages associated with resistance to proteasomal degradation. The ubiquitination of Daxx by CHIP utilizes lysines 630 and 631 and competes with the sumoylation machinery of the cell at these residues. These studies implicate CHIP as a stress-dependent regulator of Daxx that counters the pro-apoptotic influence of Daxx in the cell. By abrogating p53-dependent apoptotic pathways and by ubiquitination competitive with Daxx sumoylation, CHIP integrates the proteotoxic stress response of the cell with cell cycle pathways that influence cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly McDonough
- Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7126, USA
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42
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Häbig K, Walter M, Stappert H, Riess O, Bonin M. Microarray expression analysis of human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells after RNA interference of SNCA--a key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2008; 1256:19-33. [PMID: 19135032 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pre-synaptic protein alpha-synuclein is a key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Misfolded alpha-synuclein protofibrils accumulate and serve as seed structures that cause numerous proteins in the cytoplasm of neuronal cells to aggregate into so-called Lewy bodies. Furthermore, both missense mutations and multiplications of the SNCA gene lead to autosomal dominant forms of familial PD. However, the exact biological role of alpha-synuclein in normal brains remains elusive. To gain more insight into the normal function of this protein, we evaluated changes in whole genome expression in dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) caused by reductions of 90% in alpha-synuclein RNA levels and of 59% in alpha-synuclein protein levels as a result of RNA interference. The expression of 361 genes was altered at least+/-1.5-fold by the RNA interference, with 82 up-regulated and 279 down-regulated. The differentially expressed gene products are involved in the regulation of transcription, cell cycle, protein degradation, apoptosis, neurogenesis, and lipid metabolism. To examine the influence of SNCA down-regulation by RNAi on apoptosis, we performed cell death assays using different stress triggers. The changes observed in the expression profile of dopaminergic neuronal cells following reduction of SNCA expression warrant studies to investigate the role of signaling cascades in familial and idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Häbig
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Tübingen, Germany
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43
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Regulation of IL-2 expression by transcription factor BACH2 in umbilical cord blood CD4+ T cells. Leukemia 2008; 22:2201-7. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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44
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Trachootham D, Lu W, Ogasawara MA, Valle NRD, Huang P. Redox regulation of cell survival. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:1343-74. [PMID: 18522489 PMCID: PMC2932530 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1245] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play important roles in regulation of cell survival. In general, moderate levels of ROS/RNS may function as signals to promote cell proliferation and survival, whereas severe increase of ROS/RNS can induce cell death. Under physiologic conditions, the balance between generation and elimination of ROS/RNS maintains the proper function of redox-sensitive signaling proteins. Normally, the redox homeostasis ensures that the cells respond properly to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. However, when the redox homeostasis is disturbed, oxidative stress may lead to aberrant cell death and contribute to disease development. This review focuses on the roles of key transcription factors, signal-transduction pathways, and cell-death regulators in affecting cell survival, and how the redox systems regulate the functions of these molecules. The current understanding of how disturbance in redox homeostasis may affect cell death and contribute to the development of diseases such as cancer and degenerative disorders is reviewed. We also discuss how the basic knowledge on redox regulation of cell survival can be used to develop strategies for the treatment or prevention of those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunyaporn Trachootham
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum-thani, Thailand
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Marcia A. Ogasawara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nilsa Rivera-Del Valle
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
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45
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Tiedemann RE, Mao X, Shi CX, Zhu YX, Palmer SE, Sebag M, Marler R, Chesi M, Fonseca R, Bergsagel PL, Schimmer AD, Stewart AK. Identification of kinetin riboside as a repressor of CCND1 and CCND2 with preclinical antimyeloma activity. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:1750-64. [PMID: 18431519 DOI: 10.1172/jci34149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout and transgenic studies in mice demonstrate that normal somatic tissues redundantly express 3 cyclin D proteins, whereas tumor cells seem dependent on a single overexpressed cyclin D. Thus, selective suppression of the individual cyclin D deregulated in a tumor represents a biologically valid approach to targeted cancer therapy. In multiple myeloma, overexpression of 1 of the cyclin D proteins is a ubiquitous feature, unifying at least 7 different initiating genetic events. We demonstrate here that RNAi of genes encoding cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 (CCND1 and CCND2, respectively) inhibits proliferation and is progressively cytotoxic in human myeloma cells. By screening a chemical library using a cell-based assay for inhibition of CCND2 trans-activation, we identified the plant cytokinin kinetin riboside as an inhibitor of CCND2 trans-activation. Kinetin riboside induced marked suppression of CCND2 transcription and rapidly suppressed cyclin D1 and D2 protein expression in primary myeloma cells and tumor lines, causing cell-cycle arrest, tumor cell-selective apoptosis, and inhibition of myeloma growth in xenografted mice. Mechanistically, kinetin riboside upregulated expression of transcription repressor isoforms of cAMP-response element modulator (CREM) and blocked both trans-activation of CCND2 by various myeloma oncogenes and cis-activation of translocated CCND1, suggesting induction of an overriding repressor activity that blocks multiple oncogenic pathways targeting cyclin D genes. These data support targeted repression of cyclin D genes as a therapeutic strategy for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger E Tiedemann
- Mayo Clinic, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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46
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Rapid culling of the CD4+ T cell repertoire in the transition from effector to memory. Immunity 2008; 28:533-45. [PMID: 18356084 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Requirements for CD4+ T cell memory differentiation were analyzed with adoptively transferred SMARTA T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic cells specific for alymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) epitope. LCMV-induced effector and memory differentiation of SMARTA cells mimicked the endogenous CD4+ T cell response. In contrast, infection with a recombinant Listeria expressing the LCMV epitope, although resulting initially in massive SMARTA expansion, led to loss of effector function and rapid cell death characterized by high expression of the apoptosis regulator Bim. Defective memory differentiation was seen after stimulation of naive but not memory SMARTA cells, was independent of precursor frequency, and correlated with a lower TCR avidity compared to endogenous responders. In addition, long-lived endogenous CD4+ memory T cells skewed to a higher functional avidity over time. These results support a model in which CD4+ T cell memory differentiation and longevity depend on the strength of the TCR signal during the primary response.
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47
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Ochiai K, Muto A, Tanaka H, Takahashi S, Igarashi K. Regulation of the plasma cell transcription factor Blimp-1 gene by Bach2 and Bcl6. Int Immunol 2008; 20:453-60. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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48
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Ito N, Watanabe-Matsui M, Igarashi K, Murayama K. Crystal structure of the Bach1 BTB domain and its regulation of homodimerization. Genes Cells 2008; 14:167-78. [PMID: 19170764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2008.01259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The BTB/POZ domain is known as a protein-protein interaction motif that mediates homodimer and higher order self-associations. Proteins containing the BTB domain exist throughout eukaryotes; however, there is little information about the mechanism that determines the oligomeric state of the BTB domain. To address this question, we have determined the X-ray structure of the mouse Bach1 BTB domain. The present structure is similar to the previously determined BTB domain folds, including the human Bach1 BTB domain; however, distinct structural features are present, such as a novel homodimer interaction surface. The homodimer formation was found to involve a novel hydrogen bond network and interactions between hydrophobic surfaces of the kinked N-terminus (N-hook) and the partner's C-terminal residues. The deletion of the N-hook resulted in the conversion of the homodimer into a monomer in solution, indicating that the N-hook promotes the homodimerization of the mBach1 BTB domain. We have also found that the BTB domain of Bach2, a protein highly related to Bach1, is present as a monomer due to a short peptide insertion at the N-hook. These results represent the first example of the key modulatory element of BTB domain homodimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Ito
- Biomedical Engineering Research Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Kono K, Harano Y, Hoshino H, Kobayashi M, Bazett-Jones DP, Muto A, Igarashi K, Tashiro S. The mobility of Bach2 nuclear foci is regulated by SUMO-1 modification. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:903-13. [PMID: 18201693 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) modulates the functions of nuclear proteins by changing their structure and/or subnuclear localization. Several nuclear proteins form dynamic higher order nuclear structures, termed non-chromatin nuclear domains, which are involved in the regulation of nuclear function. However, the role that SUMO modification of the component proteins plays in the regulation of the activity and function of nuclear domains is unclear. Here we demonstrate that nuclear domains formed by Bach2, a transcription repressor, show restricted movement and undergo fusion events upon oxidative stress. Mutation of the SUMO-acceptor lysines in Bach2 alters the behavior of these nuclear foci and results in a decreased frequency of fusion events. We propose that SUMO modification is an important regulatory system for the mobility of the nuclear domains formed by Bach2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuteru Kono
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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50
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The role of Bach2 in nucleic acid-triggered antiviral innate immune responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 365:426-32. [PMID: 17991429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bach2, a bZIP transcription factor originally identified as interacting with the small Maf family of bZIP proteins, has been shown to play important roles in oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Here, we examine the role of Bach2 in cell death during double-stranded (ds)RNA- and dsDNA-triggered antiviral innate immune responses. Bach2 expression was induced in HeLa cells upon dsRNA/dsDNA treatment and the suppression of Bach2 expression by siRNA treatment alleviated cell death triggered by dsRNA and dsDNA. Unexpectedly, DNA microarray analysis revealed that siRNA-mediated suppression of Bach2 resulted in the attenuated activation of genes involved in the antiviral innate immune response after dsRNA treatment. Our study thus demonstrates a novel role for Bach2 as a key regulator of nucleic acid-triggered antiviral responses in human cells.
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