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Szrok-Jurga S, Czumaj A, Turyn J, Hebanowska A, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Acyl-CoA Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14857. [PMID: 37834305 PMCID: PMC10573383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism, including β-oxidation (βOX), plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. βOX is an essential process in the energy metabolism of most human cells. Moreover, βOX is also the source of acetyl-CoA, the substrate for (a) ketone bodies synthesis, (b) cholesterol synthesis, (c) phase II detoxication, (d) protein acetylation, and (d) the synthesis of many other compounds, including N-acetylglutamate-an important regulator of urea synthesis. This review describes the current knowledge on the importance of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal βOX in various organs, including the liver, heart, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral white blood cells, and other cells. In addition, the diseases associated with a disturbance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver, heart, kidney, lung, alimentary tract, and other organs or cells are presented. Special attention was paid to abnormalities of FAO in cancer cells and the diseases caused by mutations in gene-encoding enzymes involved in FAO. Finally, issues related to α- and ω- fatty acid oxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Institue of Nursing and Medical Rescue, State University of Applied Sciences in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
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2
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Song L, Zhan H, Wang Y, Lin Z, Li B, Shen L, Jiao Y, Li Y, Wang F, Yang J. Cross-Talk of Protein Expression and Lysine Acetylation in Response to TMV Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32496-32511. [PMID: 36120045 PMCID: PMC9475610 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation (Kac), a reversible PTM, plays an essential role in various biological processes, including those involving metabolic pathways, pathogen resistance, and transcription, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. TMV, the major factor that causes the poor quality of Solanaceae crops worldwide, directly alters many metabolic processes in tobacco. However, the extent and function of Kac during TMV infection have not been determined. The validation test to detect Kac level and viral expression after TMV infection and Nicotinamide (NAM) treatment clarified that acetylation was involved in TMV infection. Furthermore, we comprehensively analyzed the changes in the proteome and acetylome of TMV-infected tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) seedlings via LC-MS/MS in conjunction with highly sensitive immune-affinity purification. In total, 2082 lysine-acetylated sites on 1319 proteins differentially expressed in response to TMV infection were identified. Extensive bioinformatic studies disclosed changes in acetylation of proteins engaged in cellular metabolism and biological processes. The vital influence of Kac in fatty acid degradation and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism was also revealed in TMV-infected seedlings. This study first revealed Kac information in N. benthamiana under TMV infection and expanded upon the existing landscape of acetylation in pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Song
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Huaixu Zhan
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate
School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Luoyang
Branch of Henan Tobacco Company, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Zhonglong Lin
- Yunnan
Tobacco Company of the China National Tobacco Corporation, Kunming 650011, China
| | - Bin Li
- Sichuan
Tobacco Company, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yubing Jiao
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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3
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Fatty acid oxidation enzyme Δ3, Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase 1 (ECI1) drives aggressive tumor phenotype and predicts poor clinical outcome in prostate cancer patients. Oncogene 2022; 41:2798-2810. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Dundr P, Bártů M, Hojný J, Michálková R, Hájková N, Stružinská I, Krkavcová E, Hadravský L, Kleissnerová L, Kopejsková J, Hiep BQ, Němejcová K, Jakša R, Čapoun O, Řezáč J, Jirsová K, Franková V. HNF1B, EZH2 and ECI2 in prostate carcinoma. Molecular, immunohistochemical and clinico-pathological study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14365. [PMID: 32873863 PMCID: PMC7463257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta (HNF1B) is a tissue specific transcription factor, which seems to play an important role in the carcinogenesis of several tumors. In our study we focused on analyzing HNF1B in prostate carcinoma (PC) and adenomyomatous hyperplasia (AH), as well as its possible relation to the upstream gene EZH2 and downstream gene ECI2. The results of our study showed that on an immunohistochemical level, the expression of HNF1B was low in PC, did not differ between PC and AH, and did not correlate with any clinical outcomes. In PC, mutations of HNF1B gene were rare, but the methylation of its promotor was a common finding and was positively correlated with Gleason score and stage. The relationship between HNF1B and EZH2/ECI2 was equivocal, but EZH2 and ECI2 were positively correlated on both mRNA and protein level. The expression of EZH2 was associated with poor prognosis. ECI2 did not correlate with any clinical outcomes. Our results support the oncosuppressive role of HNF1B in PC, which may be silenced by promotor methylation and other mechanisms, but not by gene mutation. The high expression of EZH2 (especially) and ECI2 in PC seems to be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Bártů
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hojný
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michálková
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hájková
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stružinská
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krkavcová
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Hadravský
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kleissnerová
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopejsková
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bui Quang Hiep
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Němejcová
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jakša
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Čapoun
- Department of Urology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Řezáč
- Department of Urology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jirsová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Franková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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5
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Islinger M, Costello JL, Kors S, Soupene E, Levine TP, Kuypers FA, Schrader M. The diversity of ACBD proteins - From lipid binding to protein modulators and organelle tethers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118675. [PMID: 32044385 PMCID: PMC7057175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the large multigene family of acyl-CoA binding domain containing proteins (ACBDs) share a conserved motif required for binding of Coenzyme A esterified fatty acids of various chain length. These proteins are present in the three kingdoms of life, and despite their predicted roles in cellular lipid metabolism, knowledge about the precise functions of many ACBD proteins remains scarce. Interestingly, several ACBD proteins are now suggested to function at organelle contact sites, and are recognized as host interaction proteins for different pathogens including viruses and bacteria. Here, we present a thorough phylogenetic analysis of the ACBD family and discuss their structure and evolution. We summarize recent findings on the various functions of animal and fungal ACBDs with particular focus on peroxisomes, the role of ACBD proteins at organelle membranes, and their increasing recognition as targets for pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joseph L Costello
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
| | - Suzan Kors
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
| | - Eric Soupene
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | | | - Frans A Kuypers
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK.
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6
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Hwang J, Jeong CS, Lee CW, Shin SC, Kim HW, Lee SG, Youn UJ, Lee CS, Oh TJ, Kim HJ, Park H, Park HH, Lee JH. Structural and sequence comparisons of bacterial enoyl-CoA isomerase and enoyl-CoA hydratase. J Microbiol 2020; 58:606-613. [PMID: 32323197 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) isomerase from Bosea sp. PAMC 26642 (BoECI) and enoyl-CoA hydratase from Hymenobacter sp. PAMC 26628 (HyECH) were determined at 2.35 and 2.70 Å resolution, respectively. BoECI and HyECH are members of the crotonase superfamily and are enzymes known to be involved in fatty acid degradation. Structurally, these enzymes are highly similar except for the orientation of their C-terminal helix domain. Analytical ultracentrifugation was performed to determine the oligomerization states of BoECI and HyECH revealing they exist as trimers in solution. However, their putative ligand-binding sites and active site residue compositions are dissimilar. Comparative sequence and structural analysis revealed that the active site of BoECI had one glutamate residue (Glu135), this site is occupied by an aspartate in some ECIs, and the active sites of HyECH had two highly conserved glutamate residues (Glu118 and Glu138). Moreover, HyECH possesses a salt bridge interaction between Glu98 and Arg152 near the active site. This interaction may allow the catalytic Glu118 residue to have a specific conformation for the ECH enzyme reaction. This salt bridge interaction is highly conserved in known bacterial ECH structures and ECI enzymes do not have this type of interaction. Collectively, our comparative sequential and structural studies have provided useful information to distinguish and classify two similar bacterial crotonase superfamily enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisub Hwang
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Sook Jeong
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woo Kim
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gu Lee
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sup Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea.,Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Spieker M, Saleem-Batcha R, Teufel R. Structural and Mechanistic Basis of an Oxepin-CoA Forming Isomerase in Bacterial Primary and Secondary Metabolism. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2876-2886. [PMID: 31689071 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous aromatic compounds are aerobically degraded in bacteria via the central intermediate phenylacetic acid (paa). In one of the key steps of this widespread catabolic pathway, 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA is converted by PaaG into the heterocyclic oxepin-CoA. PaaG thereby elegantly generates an α,β-unsaturated CoA ester that is predisposed to undergo β-oxidation subsequent to hydrolytic ring-cleavage. Moreover, oxepin-CoA serves as a precursor for secondary metabolites (e.g., tropodithietic acid) that act as antibiotics and quorum-sensing signals. Here we verify that PaaG adopts a second role in aromatic catabolism by converting cis-3,4-didehydroadipoyl-CoA into trans-2,3-didehydroadipoyl-CoA and corroborate a Δ3,Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase-like proton shuttling mechanism for both distinct substrates. Biochemical and structural investigations of PaaG reveal active site adaptations to the structurally different substrates and provide detailed insight into catalysis and control of stereospecificity. This work elucidates the mechanism of action of unusual isomerase PaaG and sheds new light on the ubiquitous enoyl-CoA isomerases of the crotonase superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Spieker
- ZBSA, Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raspudin Saleem-Batcha
- ZBSA, Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robin Teufel
- ZBSA, Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Costello JL, Passmore JB, Islinger M, Schrader M. Multi-localized Proteins: The Peroxisome-Mitochondria Connection. Subcell Biochem 2019; 89:383-415. [PMID: 30378033 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2233-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are dynamic, multifunctional organelles that play pivotal cooperative roles in the metabolism of cellular lipids and reactive oxygen species. Their functional interplay, the "peroxisome-mitochondria connection", also includes cooperation in anti-viral signalling and defence, as well as coordinated biogenesis by sharing key division proteins. In this review, we focus on multi-localised proteins which are shared by peroxisomes and mitochondria in mammals. We first outline the targeting and sharing of matrix proteins which are involved in metabolic cooperation. Next, we discuss shared components of peroxisomal and mitochondrial dynamics and division, and we present novel insights into the dual targeting of tail-anchored membrane proteins. Finally, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the role of shared membrane proteins in disease. What emerges is that sharing of proteins between these two organelles plays a key role in their cooperative functions which, based on new findings, may be more extensive than originally envisaged. Gaining a better insight into organelle interplay and the targeting of shared proteins is pivotal to understanding how organelle cooperation contributes to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine & Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Liu L, Li T, Peng CT, Sun CZ, Li CC, Xiao QJ, He LH, Wang NY, Song YJ, Zhu YB, Li H, Kang M, Tang H, Xiong X, Bao R. Structural characterization of a Δ 3, Δ 2-enoyl-CoA isomerase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: implications for its involvement in unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2695-2702. [PMID: 30052139 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1495102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene PA4980 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a putative enoyl-coenzyme A hydratase/isomerase that is associated with the function of the biofilm dispersion-inducing signal molecule cis-2-decenoic acid. To elucidate the role of PA4980 in cis-2-decenoic acid biosynthesis, we reported the crystal structure of its protein product at 2.39 Å. The structural analysis and substrate binding prediction suggest that it acts as a monofunctional enoyl-coenzyme A isomerase, implicating an alternative pathway of the cis-2-decenoic acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- a Department of Dermatology , Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China.,b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Cui-Ting Peng
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Chang-Zhen Sun
- e Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital , Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Chang-Cheng Li
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Xiao
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Li-Hui He
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Ning-Yu Wang
- c School of Life Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Song
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bo Zhu
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Mei Kang
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Hong Tang
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Xia Xiong
- a Department of Dermatology , Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Rui Bao
- b Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China.,d State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
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10
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Kasaragod P, Midekessa GB, Sridhar S, Schmitz W, Kiema TR, Hiltunen JK, Wierenga RK. Structural enzymology comparisons of multifunctional enzyme, type-1 (MFE1): the flexibility of its dehydrogenase part. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1830-1842. [PMID: 29226071 PMCID: PMC5715344 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional enzyme, type‐1 (MFE1) is a monomeric enzyme with a 2E‐enoyl‐CoA hydratase and a 3S‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) active site. Enzyme kinetic data of rat peroxisomal MFE1 show that the catalytic efficiencies for converting the short‐chain substrate 2E‐butenoyl‐CoA into acetoacetyl‐CoA are much lower when compared with those of the homologous monofunctional enzymes. The mode of binding of acetoacetyl‐CoA (to the hydratase active site) and the very similar mode of binding of NAD+ and NADH (to the HAD part) are described and compared with those of their monofunctional counterparts. Structural comparisons suggest that the conformational flexibility of the HAD and hydratase parts of MFE1 are correlated. The possible importance of the conformational flexibility of MFE1 for its biocatalytic properties is discussed. Database Structural data are available in PDB database under the accession number 5MGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Kasaragod
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Finland
| | - Getnet B Midekessa
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Finland
| | - Shruthi Sridhar
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Finland
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute of Biosciences (Biocenter) University of Würzburg Germany
| | - Tiila-Riikka Kiema
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Finland
| | - Jukka K Hiltunen
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Finland
| | - Rik K Wierenga
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Finland
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11
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Park HG, Lawrence P, Engel MG, Kothapalli K, Brenna JT. Metabolic fate of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) in human cells: direct retroconversion of DHA to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) dominates over elongation to tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3). FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3188-94. [PMID: 27543786 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) supplementation in humans causes eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) levels to rise in plasma, but not in neural tissue where 22:6n-3 is the major omega-3 in phospholipids. We determined whether neuronal cells (Y79 and SK-N-SH) metabolize 22:6n-3 differently from non-neuronal cells (MCF7 and HepG2). We observed that (13) C-labeled 22:6n-3 was primarily esterified into cell lipids. We also observed that retroconversion of 22:6n-3 to 20:5n-3 was 5- to 6-fold greater in non-neural compared to neural cells and that retroconversion predominated over elongation to tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3) by 2-5-fold. The putative metabolic intermediates, (13) C-labeled 22:5n-3 and (13) C-labeled 24:5n-3, were not detected in our assays. Analysis of the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation revealed that MCF7 cells abundantly expressed the mitochondrial enzymes CPT1A, ECI1, and DECR1, whereas the peroxisomal enzyme ACOX1 was abundant in HepG2 cells, thus suggesting that the initial site of 22:6n-3 oxidation depends on the cell type. Our data reveal that non-neural cells more actively metabolize 22:6n-3 to 20:5n-3 via channeled retroconversion, while neural cells retain 22:6n-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gyu Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew G Engel
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kumar Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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12
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Fan J, Li X, Issop L, Culty M, Papadopoulos V. ACBD2/ECI2-Mediated Peroxisome-Mitochondria Interactions in Leydig Cell Steroid Biosynthesis. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:763-82. [PMID: 27167610 DOI: 10.1210/me.2016-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis are 2 major pathways shared by peroxisomes and mitochondria. Both organelles are in close apposition to the endoplasmic reticulum, with which they communicate via interorganelle membrane contact sites to promote cellular signaling and the exchange of ions and lipids. To date, no convincing evidence of the direct contact between peroxisomes and mitochondria was reported in mammalian cells. Hormone-induced, tightly controlled steroid hormone biosynthesis requires interorganelle interactions. Using immunofluorescent staining and live-cell imaging, we found that dibutyryl-cAMP treatment of MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells rapidly induces peroxisomes to approach mitochondria and form peroxisome-mitochondrial contact sites/fusion, revealed by the subcellular distribution of the endogenous acyl-coenzyme A-binding domain (ACBD)2/ECI2 isoform A generated by alternative splicing, and further validated using a proximity ligation assay. This event occurs likely via a peroxisome-like structure, which is mediated by peroxisomal and mitochondrial matrix protein import complexes: peroxisomal import receptor peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5), and the mitochondrial import receptor subunit translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog (yeast) protein. Similar results were obtained using the mLTC-1 mouse tumor Leydig cells. Ectopic expression of the ACBD2/ECI2 isoform A in MA-10 cells led to increased basal and hormone-stimulated steroid formation, indicating that ACBD2/ECI2-mediated peroxisomes-mitochondria interactions favor in the exchange of metabolites and/or macromolecules between these 2 organelles in support of steroid biosynthesis. Considering the widespread occurrence of the ACBD2/ECI2 protein, we propose that this protein might serve as a tool to assist in understanding the contact between peroxisomes and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Fan
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (J.F., X.L., L.I., M.C., V.P.) and Departments of Medicine (J.F., L.I., M.C., V.P.), Biochemistry (X.L., V.P.), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.C., V.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Xinlu Li
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (J.F., X.L., L.I., M.C., V.P.) and Departments of Medicine (J.F., L.I., M.C., V.P.), Biochemistry (X.L., V.P.), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.C., V.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Leeyah Issop
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (J.F., X.L., L.I., M.C., V.P.) and Departments of Medicine (J.F., L.I., M.C., V.P.), Biochemistry (X.L., V.P.), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.C., V.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Martine Culty
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (J.F., X.L., L.I., M.C., V.P.) and Departments of Medicine (J.F., L.I., M.C., V.P.), Biochemistry (X.L., V.P.), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.C., V.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (J.F., X.L., L.I., M.C., V.P.) and Departments of Medicine (J.F., L.I., M.C., V.P.), Biochemistry (X.L., V.P.), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.C., V.P.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A 3J1
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13
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Rai V, Sarkar S, Satpati S, Dey N. Overexpression of human peroxisomal enoyl-CoA delta isomerase2 HsPECI2, an ortholog of bamboo expressed during gregarious flowering alters salinity stress responses and polar lipid content in tobacco. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:232-243. [PMID: 32480456 DOI: 10.1071/fp15292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomal enoyl-CoA delta isomerase2 (PECI2) is one of the key enzymes that has critical role in lipid metabolism and plant development during salt stress. Seven out of ten tobacco plants overexpressing human PECI2 (HsPECI2) with PTS1-sequence showed hypersensitivity to salt. Under salt-stress, T2 transformed plants (HsPECI2) displayed reduced primary root, delayed shoot-growth, and visibly smaller rosette leaves turning pale yellow as compared to the pKYLX71 vector control plant. Also, we found altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reduced catalase activity in 100mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treated HsPECI2 transformed plant compared with the pKYLX71 counterpart. ESI-MS/MS data showed that the polar lipids were differentially modulated upon salt treatment in HsPECI2 transformed and pKYLX71 plants as compared with the respective untreated counterpart. Notably, the levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid varied significantly, whereas phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and digalactosyldiacylglycerol contents were moderately upregulated. In parallel, abscisic acid (ABA) responsiveness assay confirmed insensitivity of HsPECI2 transformed plant towards ABA. Overall our data proclaim that HsPECI2 play multifunctional role in normal development and response to salinity stress apart from its primary role in β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Rai
- Division of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Shayan Sarkar
- Division of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Suresh Satpati
- Division of Translational Research and Technology Development, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Division of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
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14
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Effect of Dietary Restriction and Subsequent Re-Alimentation on the Transcriptional Profile of Bovine Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149373. [PMID: 26871690 PMCID: PMC4752344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compensatory growth (CG), an accelerated growth phenomenon which occurs following a period of dietary restriction is exploited worldwide in animal production systems as a method to lower feed costs. However the molecular mechanisms regulated CG expression remain to be elucidated fully. This study aimed to uncover the underlying biology regulating CG in cattle, through an examination of skeletal muscle transcriptional profiles utilising next generation mRNA sequencing technology. Twenty Holstein Friesian bulls were fed either a restricted diet for 125 days, with a target growth rate of 0.6 kg/day (Period 1), following which they were allowed feed ad libitum for a further 55 days (Period 2) or fed ad libitum for the entirety of the trial. M. longissimus dorsi biopsies were harvested from all bulls on days 120 and 15 of periods 1 and 2 respectively and RNAseq analysis was performed. During re-alimentation in Period 2, previously restricted animals displayed CG, growing at 1.8 times the rate of the ad libitum control animals. Compensating animals were also more feed efficient during re-alimentation and compensated for 48% of their previous dietary restriction. 1,430 and 940 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed (Benjamini Hochberg adjusted P < 0.1) in periods 1 and 2 respectively. Additionally, 2,237 genes were differentially expressed in animals undergoing CG relative to dietary restriction. Dietary restriction in Period 1 was associated with altered expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and energy production. CG expression in Period 2 occurred in association with greater expression of genes involved in cellular function and organisation. This study highlights some of the molecular mechanisms regulating CG in cattle. Differentially expressed genes identified are potential candidate genes for the identification of biomarkers for CG and feed efficiency, which may be incorporated into future breeding programmes.
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15
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Unsaturated Lipid Assimilation by Mycobacteria Requires Auxiliary cis-trans Enoyl CoA Isomerase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1577-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Onwukwe GU, Koski MK, Pihko P, Schmitz W, Wierenga RK. Structures of yeast peroxisomal Δ(3),Δ(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase complexed with acyl-CoA substrate analogues: the importance of hydrogen-bond networks for the reactivity of the catalytic base and the oxyanion hole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:2178-91. [PMID: 26527136 DOI: 10.1107/s139900471501559x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Δ(3),Δ(2)-Enoyl-CoA isomerases (ECIs) catalyze the shift of a double bond from 3Z- or 3E-enoyl-CoA to 2E-enoyl-CoA. ECIs are members of the crotonase superfamily. The crotonase framework is used by many enzymes to catalyze a wide range of reactions on acyl-CoA thioesters. The thioester O atom is bound in a conserved oxyanion hole. Here, the mode of binding of acyl-CoA substrate analogues to peroxisomal Saccharomyces cerevisiae ECI (ScECI2) is described. The best defined part of the bound acyl-CoA molecules is the 3',5'-diphosphate-adenosine moiety, which interacts with residues of loop 1 and loop 2, whereas the pantetheine part is the least well defined. The catalytic base, Glu158, is hydrogen-bonded to the Asn101 side chain and is further hydrogen-bonded to the side chain of Arg100 in the apo structure. Arg100 is completely buried in the apo structure and a conformational change of the Arg100 side chain appears to be important for substrate binding and catalysis. The oxyanion hole is formed by the NH groups of Ala70 (loop 2) and Leu126 (helix 3). The O atoms of the corresponding peptide units, Gly69 O and Gly125 O, are both part of extensive hydrogen-bond networks. These hydrogen-bond networks are a conserved feature of the crotonase oxyanion hole and their importance for catalysis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goodluck U Onwukwe
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Kristian Koski
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Pihko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rik K Wierenga
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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17
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Houten SM, Violante S, Ventura FV, Wanders RJA. The Biochemistry and Physiology of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Its Genetic Disorders. Annu Rev Physiol 2015; 78:23-44. [PMID: 26474213 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is the major pathway for the degradation of fatty acids and is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis in the human body. Fatty acids are a crucial energy source in the postabsorptive and fasted states when glucose supply is limiting. But even when glucose is abundantly available, FAO is a main energy source for the heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney. A series of enzymes, transporters, and other facilitating proteins are involved in FAO. Recessively inherited defects are known for most of the genes encoding these proteins. The clinical presentation of these disorders may include hypoketotic hypoglycemia, (cardio)myopathy, arrhythmia, and rhabdomyolysis and illustrates the importance of FAO during fasting and in hepatic and (cardio)muscular function. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on the biochemistry and physiological functions of FAO and discuss the pathophysiological processes associated with FAO disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; ,
| | - Sara Violante
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; ,
| | - Fatima V Ventura
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, iMed.ULisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; .,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; .,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Onwukwe GU, Kursula P, Koski MK, Schmitz W, Wierenga RK. Human Δ3,Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase, type 2: a structural enzymology study on the catalytic role of its ACBP domain and helix-10. FEBS J 2015; 282:746-68. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goodluck U. Onwukwe
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine; University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine; University of Oulu; Finland
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Norway
| | - M. Kristian Koski
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine; University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute of Biosciences (Biocenter); University of Würzburg; Germany
| | - Rik K. Wierenga
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine; University of Oulu; Finland
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19
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Giuliano S, Agresta AM, De Palma A, Viglio S, Mauri P, Fumagalli M, Iadarola P, Montalbetti L, Salvini R, Bardoni A. Proteomic analysis of lymphoblastoid cells from Nasu-Hakola patients: a step forward in our understanding of this neurodegenerative disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110073. [PMID: 25470616 PMCID: PMC4254282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD) is a recessively inherited rare disorder characterized by a combination of neuropsychiatric and bone symptoms which, while being unique to this disease, do not provide a rationale for the unambiguous identification of patients. These individuals, in fact, are likely to go unrecognized either because they are considered to be affected by other kinds of dementia or by fibrous dysplasia of bone. Given that dementia in NHD has much in common with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, it cannot be expected to achieve the differential diagnosis of this disease without performing a genetic analysis. Under this scenario, the availability of protein biomarkers would indeed provide a novel context to facilitate interpretation of symptoms and to make the precise identification of this disease possible. The work here reported was designed to generate, for the first time, protein profiles of lymphoblastoid cells from NHD patients. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) have been applied to all components of an Italian family (seven subjects) and to five healthy subjects included as controls. Comparative analyses revealed differences in the expression profile of 21 proteins involved in glucose metabolism and information pathways as well as in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Giuliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Laboratoire d'excellence-Ion channel science and therapeutics, UMR, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Anna Maria Agresta
- Institute for Biochemical Technologies, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, National Research Council, Segrate (Milano), Italy
| | - Antonella De Palma
- Institute for Biochemical Technologies, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, National Research Council, Segrate (Milano), Italy
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biochemical Technologies, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, National Research Council, Segrate (Milano), Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Montalbetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Salvini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Bardoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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20
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Zacherl JR, Mihalik SJ, Chace DH, Christensen TC, Robinson LJ, Blair HC. Elaidate, an 18-carbon trans-monoenoic fatty acid, inhibits β-oxidation in human peripheral blood macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:62-70. [PMID: 23904193 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of trans-unsaturated fatty acids promotes atherosclerosis, but whether degradation of fats in macrophages is altered by trans-unsaturated fatty acids is unknown. We compared the metabolism of oleate (C18:1Δ9-10 cis; (Z)-octadec-9-enoate), elaidate (C18:Δ9-10 trans; (E)-octadec-9-enoate), and stearate (C18:0, octadecanoate) in adherent peripheral human macrophages. Metabolism was followed by measurement of acylcarnitines in cell supernatants by MS/MS, determination of cellular fatty acid content by GC/MS, and assessment of β-oxidation rates using radiolabeled fatty acids. Cells incubated for 44 h in 100 µM elaidate accumulated more unsaturated fatty acids, including both longer- and shorter-chain, and had reduced C18:0 relative to those incubated with oleate or stearate. Both C12:1 and C18:1 acylcarnitines accumulated in supernatants of macrophages exposed to trans fats. These results suggested β-oxidation inhibition one reaction proximal to the trans bond. Comparison of [1-(14)C]oleate to [1-(14)C]elaidate catabolism showed that elaidate completed the first round of fatty acid β-oxidation at rates comparable to oleate. Yet, in competitive β-oxidation assays with [9,10-(3)H]oleate, tritium release rate decreased when unlabeled oleate was replaced by the same quantity of elaidate. These data show specific inhibition of monoenoic fat catabolism by elaidate that is not shared by other atherogenic fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle R Zacherl
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
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21
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Justus J, Weigand E. The effect of a moderate zinc deficiency and dietary fat source on the activity and expression of the Δ(3)Δ (2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase in the liver of growing rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:365-75. [PMID: 24682920 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Auxiliary enzymes participate in β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of a moderate zinc deficiency and a high intake of polyunsaturated fat on Δ(3)Δ(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase (ECI) in the liver and other tissues. Five groups of eight weanling rats each were fed moderately zinc-deficient (ZD) or zinc-adequate (ZA) semisynthetic diets (7 or 50 mg Zn/kg) enriched with 22 % cocoa butter (CB) or 22 % safflower oil (SO) for 4 weeks: (1) ZD-CB, fed free choice; (2) ZA-CBR, ZA-CB diet fed in equivalent amounts consumed by the ZD-CB group; (3) ZD-SO, fed free choice; (4) ZA-SOR, ZA-SO diet fed in equivalent amounts consumed by the ZD-SO group; and (5) ZA-SO, fed free choice. Growth and Zn status markers were markedly reduced in the ZD groups. ECI activity in the liver of the animals fed the ZD- and ZA-SO diets were significantly higher (approximately 2- and 3-fold, respectively) as compared with the CB-fed animals, whereas activities in extrahepatic tissues (kidneys, heart, skeletal muscle, testes, adipose tissue) were not altered by dietary treatments. Transcript levels of the mitochondrial Eci gene in the liver did not significantly differ between ZD and ZA rats, but were 1.6-fold higher in the ZA-SO- than in the ZD-CB-fed animals (P < 0.05). It is concluded that diets enriched with safflower oil as a source high in linoleic acid induce markedly increased hepatic ECI activities and that a moderate Zn deficiency does not affect transcription of the mitochondrial Eci gene in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Justus
- Dussmann Service Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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22
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van Weeghel M, Ofman R, Argmann CA, Ruiter JPN, Claessen N, Oussoren SV, Wanders RJA, Aten J, Houten SM. Identification and characterization of Eci3, a murine kidney-specific Δ3,Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase. FASEB J 2013; 28:1365-74. [PMID: 24344334 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-240416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids requires the action of auxiliary enzymes, such as Δ(3),Δ(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerases. Here we describe a detailed biochemical, molecular, histological, and evolutionary characterization of Eci3, the fourth member of the mammalian enoyl-CoA isomerase family. Eci3 specifically evolved in rodents after gene duplication of Eci2. Eci3 is with 79% identity homologous to Eci2 and contains a peroxisomal targeting signal type 1. Subcellular fractionation of mouse kidney and immunofluorescence studies revealed a specific peroxisomal localization for Eci3. Expression studies showed that mouse Eci3 is almost exclusively expressed in kidney. By using immunohistochemistry, we found that Eci3 is not only expressed in cells of the proximal tubule, but also in a subset of cells in the tubulointerstitium and the glomerulus. In vitro, Eci3 catalyzed the isomerization of trans-3-nonenoyl-CoA to trans-2-nonenoyl-CoA equally efficient as Eci2, suggesting a role in oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. However, in contrast to Eci2, in silico gene coexpression and enrichment analysis for Eci3 in kidney did not yield carboxylic acid metabolism, but diverse biological functions, such as ion transport (P=7.1E-3) and tissue morphogenesis (P=1.0E-3). Thus, Eci3 picked up a novel and unexpected role in kidney function during rodent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel van Weeghel
- 1Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., Box 1498, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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23
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Kasaragod P, Schmitz W, Hiltunen JK, Wierenga RK. The isomerase and hydratase reaction mechanism of the crotonase active site of the multifunctional enzyme (type-1), as deduced from structures of complexes with 3S-hydroxy-acyl-CoA. FEBS J 2013; 280:3160-75. [PMID: 23351063 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional enzyme, type-1 (MFE1) is involved in several lipid metabolizing pathways. It catalyses: (a) enoyl-CoA isomerase and (b) enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17) reactions in its N-terminal crotonase part, as well as (3) a 3S-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD; EC 1.1.1.35) reaction in its C-terminal 3S-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase part. Crystallographic binding studies with rat peroxisomal MFE1, using unbranched and branched 2E-enoyl-CoA substrate molecules, show that the substrate has been hydrated by the enzyme in the crystal and that the product, 3S-hydroxy-acyl-CoA, remains bound in the crotonase active site. The fatty acid tail points into an exit tunnel shaped by loop-2. The thioester oxygen is bound in the classical oxyanion hole of the crotonase fold, stabilizing the enolate reaction intermediate. The structural data of these enzyme product complexes suggest that the catalytic base, Glu123, initiates the isomerase reaction by abstracting the C2-proton from the substrate molecule. Subsequently, in the hydratase reaction, Glu123 completes the catalytic cycle by reprotonating the C2 atom. A catalytic water, bound between the OE1-atoms of the two catalytic glutamates, Glu103 and Glu123, plays an important role in the enoyl-CoA isomerase and the enoyl-CoA hydratase reaction mechanism of MFE1. The structural variability of loop-2 between MFE1 and its monofunctional homologues correlates with differences in the respective substrate preferences and catalytic rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Kasaragod
- Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Hagopian K, Tomilov AA, Tomilova N, Kim K, Taylor SL, Lam AK, Cortopassi GA, McDonald RB, Ramsey JJ. Shc proteins influence the activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. Metabolism 2012; 61:1703-13. [PMID: 22683097 PMCID: PMC3442136 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ShcKO mice have low body fat and resist weight gain on a high fat diet, indicating that Shc proteins may influence enzymes involved in β-oxidation. To investigate this idea, the activities of β-oxidation and ketone body metabolism enzymes were measured. METHODS The activities of β-oxidation enzymes (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and ketoacyl-CoA thiolase) in liver and hindlimb skeletal muscle, ketolytic enzymes (acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase) in skeletal muscle, and ketogenic enzymes (acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase) in liver were measured from wild-type and ShcKO mice. RESULTS The activities of β-oxidation enzymes were increased (P<.05) in the ShcKO compared to wild-type mice in the fasted but not the fed state. In contrast, no uniform increases in the ketolytic enzyme activities were observed between ShcKO and wild-type mice. In liver, the activities of ketogenic enzymes were increased (P<.05) in ShcKO compared to wild-type mice in both the fed and fasted states. Levels of phosphorylated hormone sensitive lipase from adipocytes were also increased (P<.05) in fasted ShcKO mice. CONCLUSION These studies indicate that the low Shc levels in ShcKO mice result in increased liver and muscle β-oxidation enzyme activities in response to fasting and induce chronic increases in the activity of liver ketogenic enzymes. Decreases in the level of Shc proteins should be considered as possible contributors to the increase in activity of fatty acid oxidation enzymes in response to physiological conditions which increase reliance on fatty acids as a source of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevork Hagopian
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tomilov
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Natalia Tomilova
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Sandra L. Taylor
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Adam K. Lam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Gino A. Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Roger B. McDonald
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Corresponding author s. Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Tel: +1 530 754 8122; FAX: +1 530 752 4698;
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Weeghel M, Brinke HT, Lenthe H, Kulik W, Minkler PE, Stoll MSK, Sass JO, Janssen U, Stoffel W, Schwab KO, Wanders RJA, Hoppel CL, Houten SM. Functional redundancy of mitochondrial enoyl‐CoA isomerases in the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. FASEB J 2012; 26:4316-26. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-206326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Weeghel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Heleen te Brinke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Lenthe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wim Kulik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul E. Minkler
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Maria S. K. Stoll
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Center for Children's Hospital in FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity Children's Hospital ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Uwe Janssen
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbHBergisch GladbachGermany
| | - Wilhelm Stoffel
- Institute of BiochemistryCenter of Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cluster of Excellence, Cellular Stress Response in Aging Related Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneGermany
| | | | - Ronald J. A. Wanders
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of PediatricsEmma Children's HospitalAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charles L. Hoppel
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of MedicineCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sander M. Houten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of PediatricsEmma Children's HospitalAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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26
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Kasaragod P, Venkatesan R, Kiema TR, Hiltunen JK, Wierenga RK. Crystal structure of liganded rat peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 1: a flexible molecule with two interconnected active sites. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24089-98. [PMID: 20463028 PMCID: PMC2911341 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.117606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the full-length rat peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme, type 1 (rpMFE1), has been determined at 2.8 A resolution. This enzyme has three catalytic activities and two active sites. The N-terminal part has the crotonase fold, which builds the active site for the Delta(3),Delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase and the Delta(2)-enoyl-CoA hydratase-1 catalytic activities, and the C-terminal part has the (3S)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase fold and makes the (3S)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase active site. rpMFE1 is a multidomain protein having five domains (A-E). The crystal structure of full-length rpMFE1 shows a flexible arrangement of the A-domain with respect to the B-E-domains. Because of a hinge region near the end of the A-domain, two different positions of the A-domain were observed for the two protein molecules (A and B) of the asymmetric unit. In the most closed conformation, the mode of binding of CoA is stabilized by domains A and B (helix-10), as seen in other crotonase fold members. Domain B, although functionally belonging to the N-terminal part, is found tightly associated with the C-terminal part, i.e. fixed to the E-domain. The two active sites of rpMFE1 are approximately 40 A apart, separated by a tunnel, characterized by an excess of positively charged side chains. Comparison of the structures of rpMFE1 with the monofunctional crotonase and (3S)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase superfamily enzymes, as well as with the bacterial alpha(2)beta(2)-fatty acid oxidation multienzyme complex, reveals that this tunnel could be important for substrate channeling, as observed earlier on the basis of the kinetics of rpMFE1 purified from rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Kasaragod
- From the Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Rajaram Venkatesan
- From the Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiila R. Kiema
- From the Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J. Kalervo Hiltunen
- From the Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Rik K. Wierenga
- From the Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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27
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Sepulveda JL, Tanhehco YC, Frey M, Guo L, Cropcho LJ, Gibson KM, Blair HC. Variation in human erythrocyte membrane unsaturated Fatty acids: correlation with cardiovascular disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134:73-80. [PMID: 20073608 DOI: 10.5858/2008-0795-oar1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Whether cell membrane fatty acid (FA) composition is a useful indicator of vascular disease is unclear. OBJECTIVE To study variation of erythrocyte (RBC) membrane FA in samples from healthy volunteers, hospitalized patients, and cardiac troponin I-elevated patients with myocardial damage without a priori assumptions as to FA composition. DESIGN We separated FAs extracted from RBCs by gas chromatography and identified them by mass spectrometry. Fatty acids with abundance greater than 1% of total were quantified and compared: hexadecanoic (C16:0), octadecadienoic (C18:2), cis- and trans-octadecenoic (C18:1), and eicosatetraenoic (C20:4) acids. Deuterated standards established proportionality of FA recovery. The cis- and trans-C18:1 identification was verified by comparison with standards. RESULTS In troponin-positive samples, C18:2 to C18:1 ratios were increased 30% compared with healthy controls or with random patient samples. Erythrocyte trans-C18:1 had a wide variation, approximately 10-fold, in all groups but without differences between groups. Replicates showed that the wide range of RBC trans-FA load is not due to analytic variation. In healthy subjects, the RBC content of lower- molecular weight FAs (C16-C18) correlated with serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but despite the established relationship between dietary trans-FA and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid profiles had no correlation with RBC trans-FA content. CONCLUSIONS Erythrocyte accumulation of unsaturated FA may be a useful indicator of vascular disease, whereas the wide range in trans-FAs suggests that both diet and genetic variation affect RBC trans-FA accumulation. Unsaturated FAs increase membrane fluidity and may reflect a natural response to subclinical vascular changes, which may in turn reflect increased risk of clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Sepulveda
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Ntamack AG, Karpichev IV, Gould SJ, Small GM, Schulz H. Oleate beta-oxidation in yeast involves thioesterase but not Yor180c protein that is not a dienoyl-CoA isomerase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:371-8. [PMID: 19830908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The beta-oxidation of oleic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was studied by comparing the growth of wild-type cells on oleic acid or palmitic acid with the growth of mutants that either had a deletion in the YOR180c (DCI1) gene reported to encode delta3,5,delta2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase (dienoyl-CoA isomerase) or in the PTE1 gene encoding peroxisomal thioesterase 1. Growth of wild-type cells was indistinguishable from that of YOR180c mutant cells on either palmitic acid or oleic acid, whereas the PTE1 mutant grew slower and to a lower density on oleic acid but not on palmitic acid. The identification of 3,5-tetradecadienoic acid in the medium of wild-type cells but not in the medium of the PTE1 mutant proves the operation of the thioesterase-dependent pathway of oleate beta-oxidation in S. cerevisiae. Dienoyl-CoA isomerase activity was very low in wild-type cells, fourfold higher in the YOR180c mutant, and not associated with purified Yor180c protein. These observations support the conclusion that the YOR180c gene does not encode dienoyl-CoA isomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- André G Ntamack
- Department of Chemistry, City College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
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29
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Zolman BK, Martinez N, Millius A, Adham AR, Bartel B. Identification and characterization of Arabidopsis indole-3-butyric acid response mutants defective in novel peroxisomal enzymes. Genetics 2008; 180:237-51. [PMID: 18725356 PMCID: PMC2535678 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.108.090399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic evidence suggests that indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is converted to the active auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by removal of two side-chain methylene units in a process similar to fatty acid beta-oxidation. Previous studies implicate peroxisomes as the site of IBA metabolism, although the enzymes that act in this process are still being identified. Here, we describe two IBA-response mutants, ibr1 and ibr10. Like the previously described ibr3 mutant, which disrupts a putative peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase/dehydrogenase, ibr1 and ibr10 display normal IAA responses and defective IBA responses. These defects include reduced root elongation inhibition, decreased lateral root initiation, and reduced IBA-responsive gene expression. However, peroxisomal energy-generating pathways necessary during early seedling development are unaffected in the mutants. Positional cloning of the genes responsible for the mutant defects reveals that IBR1 encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family and that IBR10 resembles enoyl-CoA hydratases/isomerases. Both enzymes contain C-terminal peroxisomal-targeting signals, consistent with IBA metabolism occurring in peroxisomes. We present a model in which IBR3, IBR10, and IBR1 may act sequentially in peroxisomal IBA beta-oxidation to IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K Zolman
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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30
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Nie L, Ren Y, Janakiraman A, Smith S, Schulz H. A Novel Paradigm of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Exemplified by the Thioesterase-Dependent Partial Degradation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid That Fully Supports Growth of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 2008; 47:9618-26. [DOI: 10.1021/bi801074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nie
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, City College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, and Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - Ying Ren
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, City College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, and Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - Anuradha Janakiraman
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, City College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, and Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - Stuart Smith
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, City College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, and Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - Horst Schulz
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, City College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, and Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
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31
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Nie L, Ren Y, Schulz H. Identification and characterization of Escherichia coli thioesterase III that functions in fatty acid beta-oxidation. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7744-51. [PMID: 18576672 DOI: 10.1021/bi800595f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When Escherichia coli is grown on oleic acid as the sole carbon source, most of this fatty acid is completely degraded by beta-oxidation. However, approximately 10% of the oleic acid is only partially degraded to 3,5- cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA, which is hydrolyzed to 3,5- cis-tetradecadienoic acid and released into the growth medium. An investigation of thioesterases involved in this novel pathway of beta-oxidation led to the identification of a new thioesterase (thioesterase III) that is induced by growth of E. coli on oleic acid. This enzyme was partially purified and identified as the ybaW gene product by mass spectrometric analysis of tryptic peptides. The ybaW gene, which has a putative consensus sequence for binding the fatty acid degradation repressor, was cloned and expressed in E. coli. Thioesterase III was shown to be a long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase that is most active with 3,5-tetradecadienoyl-CoA, a minor metabolite of oleate beta-oxidation. Its substrate specificity and induction by fatty acids agree with its proposed function in the thioesterase-dependent pathway of beta-oxidation. Thioesterase III is proposed to hydrolyze metabolites of beta-oxidation that are resistant to further degradation and that would inhibit the flux through the pathway if they were allowed to accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nie
- Department of Chemistry, City College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
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32
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Soupene E, Serikov V, Kuypers FA. Characterization of an acyl-coenzyme A binding protein predominantly expressed in human primitive progenitor cells. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1103-12. [PMID: 18268358 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800007-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human acyl-coenzyme A binding domain-containing member 6 (ACBD6) is a modular protein that carries an acyl-CoA binding domain at its N terminus and two ankyrin motifs at its C terminus. ACBD6 binds long-chain acyl-CoAs with a strong preference for unsaturated, C18:1-CoA and C20:4-CoA, over saturated, C16:0-CoA, acyl species. Deletion of the C terminus, which is not conserved among the members of this family, did not affect the binding capacity or the substrate specificity of the protein. ACBD6 is not a ubiquitous protein, and its expression is restricted to tissues and progenitor cells with functions in blood and vessel development. ACBD6 was detected in bone marrow, spleen, placenta, cord blood, circulating CD34+ progenitors, and embryonic-like stem cells derived from placenta. In placenta, the protein was only detected in CD34+ progenitor cells present in blood and in CD31+ endothelial cells surrounding the blood vessels. These cells were also positive for the marker CD133, and they probably constitute hemangiogenic stem cells, precursors of both blood and vessels. We propose that human ACBD6 represents a cellular marker for primitive progenitor cells with functions in hematopoiesis and vascular endothelium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Soupene
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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33
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Poirier Y, Antonenkov VD, Glumoff T, Hiltunen JK. Peroxisomal beta-oxidation--a metabolic pathway with multiple functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:1413-26. [PMID: 17028011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid degradation in most organisms occurs primarily via the beta-oxidation cycle. In mammals, beta-oxidation occurs in both mitochondria and peroxisomes, whereas plants and most fungi harbor the beta-oxidation cycle only in the peroxisomes. Although several of the enzymes participating in this pathway in both organelles are similar, some distinct physiological roles have been uncovered. Recent advances in the structural elucidation of numerous mammalian and yeast enzymes involved in beta-oxidation have shed light on the basis of the substrate specificity for several of them. Of particular interest is the structural organization and function of the type 1 and 2 multifunctional enzyme (MFE-1 and MFE-2), two enzymes evolutionarily distant yet catalyzing the same overall enzymatic reactions but via opposite stereochemistry. New data on the physiological roles of the various enzymes participating in beta-oxidation have been gathered through the analysis of knockout mutants in plants, yeast and animals, as well as by the use of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis from beta-oxidation intermediates as a tool to study carbon flux through the pathway. In plants, both forward and reverse genetics performed on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed novel roles for beta-oxidation in the germination process that is independent of the generation of carbohydrates for growth, as well as in embryo and flower development, and the generation of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid and the signal molecule jasmonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Poirier
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Yu W, Chu X, Deng G, Liu X, Chen G, Li D. Mutation of Lys242 allows Delta3-Delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase to acquire enoyl-CoA hydratase activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1874-83. [PMID: 16952422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report here a novel example of generating hydratase activity through site-directed mutagenesis of a single residue Lys242 of rat liver mitochondrial Delta3-Delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase, which is one of the key enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation and a member of the crotonase superfamily. Lys242 is at the C-terminal of the enzyme, which is far from the active site in the crotonase superfamily and forms a salt bridge with Asp149. A variety of mutant expression plasmids were constructed, and it was observed that mutation of Lys242 to nonbasic residues allowed the mutants to have enoyl-CoA hydratase activity confirmed by HPLC analysis of the incubation mixture. Kinetic studies of these mutants were carried out for both isomerase and hydratase activities. Mutant K242C showed a k(cat) value of 1.0 s(-1) for hydration reaction. This activity constitutes about 10% of the total enzyme activity, and the remaining 90% is its natural isomerase activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the generation of functional promiscuity through single amino acid mutation far from the active site. This may be a simple and efficient approach to designing a new enzyme based on an existing template. It could perhaps become a general methodology for facilitating an enzyme to acquire a type enzymatic activity that belongs to another member of the same superfamily, by interrupting a key structural element in order to introduce ambiguity, using site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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35
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Taskinen JP, Kiema TR, Hiltunen JK, Wierenga RK. Structural Studies of MFE-1: the 1.9Å Crystal Structure of the Dehydrogenase Part of Rat Peroxisomal MFE-1. J Mol Biol 2006; 355:734-46. [PMID: 16330050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 1.9 A structure of the C-terminal dehydrogenase part of the rat peroxisomal monomeric multifunctional enzyme type 1 (MFE-1) has been determined. In this construct (residues 260-722 and referred to as MFE1-DH) the N-terminal hydratase part of MFE-1 has been deleted. The structure of MFE1-DH shows that it consists of an N-terminal helix, followed by a Rossmann-fold domain (domain C), followed by two tightly associated helical domains (domains D and E), which have similar topology. The structure of MFE1-DH is compared with the two known homologous structures: human mitochondrial 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD; sequence identity is 33%) (which is dimeric and monofunctional) and with the dimeric multifunctional alpha-chain (alphaFOM; sequence identity is 28%) of the bacterial fatty acid beta-oxidation alpha2beta2-multienzyme complex. Like MFE-1, alphaFOM has an N-terminal hydratase part and a C-terminal dehydrogenase part, and the structure comparisons show that the N-terminal helix of MFE1-DH corresponds to the alphaFOM linker helix, located between its hydratase and dehydrogenase part. It is also shown that this helix corresponds to the C-terminal helix-10 of the hydratase/isomerase superfamily, suggesting that functionally it belongs to the N-terminal hydratase part of MFE-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka P Taskinen
- Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, Finland
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36
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Zeng J, Deng G, Li D. Intrinsic enoyl-CoA isomerase activity of rat acyl-CoA oxidase I. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:78-85. [PMID: 16236453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rat peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase I is a key enzyme for the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, and the deficiency of this enzyme in patient has been previously reported. It was found that rat acyl-CoA oxidase I has intrinsic enoyl-CoA isomerase activity, which was confirmed using incubation followed with HPLC analysis in this study. Various 3-enoyl-CoA substrates with cis or trans configuration were synthesized and used in the study of enzyme substrate specificity. The isomerase activity of the enzyme was characterized through studies of kinetics, pH dependence, and enzyme inhibition. Most k(cat)/K(M) values of rat peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase I for isomerization reaction are comparable with those of authentic rat liver peroxisomal Delta(3)-Delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase and rat liver peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme 1 when hexenoyl-CoA and octenoyl-CoA with cis- or trans-configuration were used as substrate. Glu421 was found to be the catalytic residue for both oxidase and isomerase activities of the enzyme. The isomerase activity of rat peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase I is probably due to a spontaneous process driven by thermodynamic equilibrium with formation of a conjugated structure after deprotonation of substrate alpha-proton. The energy level of transition state may be lowered by a stable dienolate intermediate, which gain further stabilization via charge transfer with electron-deficient FAD cofactor of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Hubbard PA, Yu W, Schulz H, Kim JJP. Domain swapping in the low-similarity isomerase/hydratase superfamily: the crystal structure of rat mitochondrial Delta3, Delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase. Protein Sci 2005; 14:1545-55. [PMID: 15883186 PMCID: PMC2253373 DOI: 10.1110/ps.041303705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two monofunctional Delta(3), Delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerases, one in mitochondria (mECI) and the other in both mitochondria and peroxisomes (pECI), belong to the low-similarity isomerase/hydratase superfamily. Both enzymes catalyze the movement of a double bond from C3 to C2 of an unsaturated acyl-CoA substrate for re-entry into the beta-oxidation pathway. Mutagenesis has shown that Glu165 of rat mECI is involved in catalysis; however, the putative catalytic residue in yeast pECI, Glu158, is not conserved in mECI. To elucidate whether Glu165 of mECI is correctly positioned for catalysis, the crystal structure of rat mECI has been solved. Crystal packing suggests the enzyme is trimeric, in contrast to other members of the superfamily, which appear crystallographically to be dimers of trimers. The polypeptide fold of mECI, like pECI, belongs to a subset of this superfamily in which the C-terminal domain of a given monomer interacts with its own N-terminal domain. This differs from that of crotonase and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoyl-CoA synthase, whose C-terminal domains are involved in domain swapping with an adjacent monomer. The structure confirms Glu165 as the putative catalytic acid/base, positioned to abstract the pro-R proton from C2 and reprotonate at C4 of the acyl chain. The large tunnel-shaped active site cavity observed in the mECI structure explains the relative substrate promiscuity in acyl-chain length and stereochemistry. Comparison with the crystal structure of pECI suggests the catalytic residues from both enzymes are spatially conserved but not in their primary structures, providing a powerful reminder of how catalytic residues cannot be determined solely by sequence alignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Hubbard
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Partanen ST, Novikov DK, Popov AN, Mursula AM, Hiltunen JK, Wierenga RK. The 1.3 A crystal structure of human mitochondrial Delta3-Delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase shows a novel mode of binding for the fatty acyl group. J Mol Biol 2004; 342:1197-208. [PMID: 15351645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 07/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Delta3-Delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase from human mitochondria (hmEci), complexed with the substrate analogue octanoyl-CoA, has been refined at 1.3 A resolution. This enzyme takes part in the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by converting both cis-3 and trans-3-enoyl-CoA esters (with variable length of the acyl group) to trans-2-enoyl-CoA. hmEci belongs to the hydratase/isomerase (crotonase) superfamily. Most of the enzymes belonging to this superfamily are hexamers, but hmEci is shown to be a trimer. The mode of binding of the ligand, octanoyl-CoA, shows that the omega-end of the acyl group binds in a hydrophobic tunnel formed by residues of the loop preceding helix H4 as well as by side-chains of the kinked helix H9. From the structure of the complex it can be seen that Glu136 is the only catalytic residue. The importance of Glu136 for catalysis is confirmed by mutagenesis studies. A cavity analysis shows the presence of two large, adjacent empty hydrophobic cavities near the active site, which are shaped by side-chains of helices H1, H2, H3 and H4. The structure comparison of hmEci with structures of other superfamily members, in particular of rat mitochondrial hydratase (crotonase) and yeast peroxisomal enoyl-CoA isomerase, highlights the variable mode of binding of the fatty acid moiety in this superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna T Partanen
- Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
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Ren Y, Aguirre J, Ntamack AG, Chu C, Schulz H. An alternative pathway of oleate beta-oxidation in Escherichia coli involving the hydrolysis of a dead end intermediate by a thioesterase. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:11042-50. [PMID: 14707139 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m310032200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of 2-trans,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA, a metabolite of oleic acid, by the purified complex of fatty acid oxidation from Escherichia coli was studied to determine how much of the metabolite is converted to 3,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA and thereby diverted from the classical, isomerase-dependent pathway of oleate beta-oxidation. Approximately 10% of the 2,5-intermediate was converted to the 3,5-isomer. When the latter compound was allowed to accumulate, it strongly inhibited the flux through the main pathway. Since Delta(3,5),Delta(2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase was not detected in E. coli cells grown on oleate, the 3,5-intermediate cannot be metabolized via the reductase-dependent pathway. However, it was hydrolyzed by a thioesterase, which was most active with 3,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA as substrate and which was induced by growth of E. coli on oleate. An analysis of fatty acids present in the medium after growth of E. coli on oleate revealed the presence of 3,5-tetradecadienoate, which was not detected after cells were grown on palmitate or glucose. Altogether, these data prompt the conclusion that oleate is mostly degraded via the classical, isomerase-dependent pathway in E. coli but that a small amount of 2-trans,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA is diverted from the pathway via conversion to 3,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA by Delta(3),Delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase. The 3,5-intermediate, which would strongly inhibit beta-oxidation if allowed to accumulate, is hydrolyzed, and the resultant 3,5-tetradecadienoate is excreted into the growth medium. This study provides evidence for the novel function of a thioesterase in beta-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Department of Chemistry, City College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
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Hiltunen JK, Mursula AM, Rottensteiner H, Wierenga RK, Kastaniotis AJ, Gurvitz A. The biochemistry of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2003; 27:35-64. [PMID: 12697341 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6445(03)00017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal fatty acid degradation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires an array of beta-oxidation enzyme activities as well as a set of auxiliary activities to provide the beta-oxidation machinery with the proper substrates. The corresponding classical and auxiliary enzymes of beta-oxidation have been completely characterized, many at the structural level with the identification of catalytic residues. Import of fatty acids from the growth medium involves passive diffusion in combination with an active, protein-mediated component that includes acyl-CoA ligases, illustrating the intimate linkage between fatty acid import and activation. The main factors involved in protein import into peroxisomes are also known, but only one peroxisomal metabolite transporter has been characterized in detail, Ant1p, which exchanges intraperoxisomal AMP with cytosolic ATP. The other known transporter is Pxa1p-Pxa2p, which bears similarity to the human adrenoleukodystrophy protein ALDP. The major players in the regulation of fatty acid-induced gene expression are Pip2p and Oaf1p, which unite to form a transcription factor that binds to oleate response elements in the promoter regions of genes encoding peroxisomal proteins. Adr1p, a transcription factor, binding upstream activating sequence 1, also regulates key genes involved in beta-oxidation. The development of new, postgenomic-era tools allows for the characterization of the entire transcriptome involved in beta-oxidation and will facilitate the identification of novel proteins as well as the characterization of protein families involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Kiema TR, Taskinen JP, Pirilä PL, Koivuranta KT, Wierenga RK, Hiltunen JK. Organization of the multifunctional enzyme type 1: interaction between N- and C-terminal domains is required for the hydratase-1/isomerase activity. Biochem J 2002; 367:433-41. [PMID: 12106015 PMCID: PMC1222896 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2002] [Revised: 06/18/2002] [Accepted: 07/10/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rat peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 1 (perMFE-1) is a monomeric protein of beta-oxidation. We have defined five functional domains (A, B, C, D and E) in the perMFE-1 based on comparison of the amino acid sequence with homologous proteins from databases and structural data of the hydratase-1/isomerases (H1/I) and (3 S )-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases (HAD). Domain A (residues 1-190) comprises the H1/I fold and catalyses both 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase-1 and Delta(3)-Delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase reactions. Domain B (residues 191-280) links domain A to the (3 S )-dehydrogenase region, which includes both domain C (residues 281-474) and domain D (residues 480-583). Domains C and D carry features of the dinucleotide-binding and the dimerization domains of monofunctional HADs respectively. Domain E (residues 584-722) has sequence similarity to domain D of the perMFE-1, which suggests that it has evolved via partial gene duplication. Experiments with engineered perMFE-1 variants demonstrate that the H1/I competence of domain A requires stabilizing interactions with domains D and E. The variant His-perMFE (residues 288-479)Delta, in which the domain C is deleted, is stable and has hydratase-1 activity. It is proposed that the extreme C-terminal domain E in perMFE-1 serves the following three functions: (i) participation in the folding of the N-terminus into a functionally competent H1/I fold, (ii) stabilization of the dehydrogenation domains by interaction with the domain D and (iii) the targeting of the perMFE-1 to peroxisomes via its C-terminal tripeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiila-Riikka Kiema
- Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, Finland
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