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Liao C, Hu L, Zhang Q. Von Hippel-Lindau protein signalling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00876-w. [PMID: 38698165 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The distinct pathological and molecular features of kidney cancer in adaptation to oxygen homeostasis render this malignancy an attractive model for investigating hypoxia signalling and potentially developing potent targeted therapies. Hypoxia signalling has a pivotal role in kidney cancer, particularly within the most prevalent subtype, known as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hypoxia promotes various crucial pathological processes, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation, angiogenesis, proliferation, metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance, all of which contribute to kidney cancer development, growth or metastasis formation. A substantial portion of kidney cancers, in particular clear cell RCC (ccRCC), are characterized by a loss of function of Von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor (VHL), leading to the accumulation of HIF proteins, especially HIF2α, a crucial driver of ccRCC. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting pVHL-HIF signalling have been explored in ccRCC, culminating in the successful development of HIF2α-specific antagonists such as belzutifan (PT2977), an FDA-approved drug to treat VHL-associated diseases including advanced-stage ccRCC. An increased understanding of hypoxia signalling in kidney cancer came from the discovery of novel VHL protein (pVHL) targets, and mechanisms of synthetic lethality with VHL mutations. These breakthroughs can pave the way for the development of innovative and potent combination therapies in kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lianxin Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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2
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Wang Y, Wang H, Shao W, Chen Y, Gui Y, Hu C, Yi X, Huang L, Li S, Wang D. Large-scale loss-of-function perturbations reveal a comprehensive epigenetic regulatory network in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0276. [PMID: 38062748 PMCID: PMC10875281 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic abnormalities have a critical role in breast cancer by regulating gene expression; however, the intricate interrelationships and key roles of approximately 400 epigenetic regulators in breast cancer remain elusive. It is important to decipher the comprehensive epigenetic regulatory network in breast cancer cells to identify master epigenetic regulators and potential therapeutic targets. METHODS We employed high-throughput sequencing-based high-throughput screening (HTS2) to effectively detect changes in the expression of 2,986 genes following the knockdown of 400 epigenetic regulators. Then, bioinformatics analysis tools were used for the resulting gene expression signatures to investigate the epigenetic regulations in breast cancer. RESULTS Utilizing these gene expression signatures, we classified the epigenetic regulators into five distinct clusters, each characterized by specific functions. We discovered functional similarities between BAZ2B and SETMAR, as well as CLOCK and CBX3. Moreover, we observed that CLOCK functions in a manner opposite to that of HDAC8 in downstream gene regulation. Notably, we constructed an epigenetic regulatory network based on the gene expression signatures, which revealed 8 distinct modules and identified 10 master epigenetic regulators in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our work deciphered the extensive regulation among hundreds of epigenetic regulators. The identification of 10 master epigenetic regulators offers promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Omics Biosciences Inc, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu Gui
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaohong Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology & Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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3
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Zhao L, Islam R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu LZ. Epigenetic Regulation in Chromium-, Nickel- and Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235768. [PMID: 36497250 PMCID: PMC9737485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cadmium, are major health concerns worldwide. Some heavy metals are well-documented human carcinogens. Multiple mechanisms, including DNA damage, dysregulated gene expression, and aberrant cancer-related signaling, have been shown to contribute to metal-induced carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis are still not fully understood. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that in addition to genotoxicity and genetic mutations, epigenetic mechanisms play critical roles in metal-induced cancers. Epigenetics refers to the reversible modification of genomes without changing DNA sequences; epigenetic modifications generally involve DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic regulation is essential for maintaining normal gene expression patterns; the disruption of epigenetic modifications may lead to altered cellular function and even malignant transformation. Therefore, aberrant epigenetic modifications are widely involved in metal-induced cancer formation, development, and angiogenesis. Notably, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis remains largely unknown, and further studies are urgently required. In this review, we highlight the current advances in understanding the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and angiogenesis.
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Miltiadous A, Demetriou P, Kyriakou M, Gerasimou P, Herodotou G, Elpidoforou A, Kyprianou Y, Iacovou M, Chi J, Costeas P, Tanteles GA. A de novo SFMBT1 pathogenic variant identified in a boy with Poland syndrome. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:mcs.a006168. [PMID: 35483874 PMCID: PMC9059785 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poland syndrome is a rare developmental disorder characterized by unilateral, complete or partial, absence of the pectoralis major (and often minor) muscle, accompanied with ipsilateral hand malformations. To date, no clear genetic cause has been associated with Poland syndrome, although familial cases have been reported. We report the employment of trio exome investigation and the identification of a heterozygous de novo pathogenic variant in the SFMBT1 gene, a transcription factor associated with transcriptional repression during development, in a 14-yr-old boy with Poland syndrome. We further demonstrate by means of cDNA sequencing and western blot analysis that this variant results in SFMBT1 exon 10 skipping and a lower concentration of the SFMBT1 wild-type protein. To our knowledge, the heterozygous pathogenic SFMBT1 variant identified in association with this condition is novel as it has not been elsewhere described in the literature and it can be incorporated to the limited reported cases published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri Miltiadous
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Maria Kyriakou
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - George Herodotou
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Yiannos Kyprianou
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Iacovou
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jianxiang Chi
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paul Costeas
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus;,The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George A. Tanteles
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia, Cyprus;,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia, Cyprus
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5
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Li Y, Ma C, Li S, Wang J, Li W, Yang Y, Li X, Liu J, Yang J, Liu Y, Li K, Li J, Huang D, Chen R, Lv L, Xiao X, Li M, Luo X. Regulatory Variant rs2535629 in ITIH3 Intron Confers Schizophrenia Risk By Regulating CTCF Binding and SFMBT1 Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104786. [PMID: 34978167 PMCID: PMC8867204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified 3p21.1 as a robust risk locus for schizophrenia. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here a functional regulatory variant (rs2535629) is identified that disrupts CTCF binding at 3p21.1. It is confirmed that rs2535629 is also significantly associated with schizophrenia in Chinese population and the regulatory effect of rs2535629 is validated. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis indicates that rs2535629 is associated with the expression of three distal genes (GLT8D1, SFMBT1, and NEK4) in the human brain, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing confirmed the regulatory effect of rs2535629 on GLT8D1, SFMBT1, and NEK4. Interestingly, differential expression analysis of GLT8D1, SFMBT1, and NEK4 suggested that rs2535629 may confer schizophrenia risk by regulating SFMBT1 expression. It is further demonstrated that Sfmbt1 regulates neurodevelopment and dendritic spine density, two key pathological characteristics of schizophrenia. Transcriptome analysis also support the potential role of Sfmbt1 in schizophrenia pathogenesis. The study identifies rs2535629 as a plausibly causal regulatory variant at the 3p21.1 risk locus and demonstrates the regulatory mechanism and biological effect of this functional variant, indicating that this functional variant confers schizophrenia risk by altering CTCF binding and regulating expression of SFMBT1, a distal gene which plays important roles in neurodevelopment and synaptic morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Changguo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research CenterKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Junyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan453002China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological PsychiatryInternational Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan453002China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan453002China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological PsychiatryInternational Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan453002China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of EducationInstitutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Yixing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Kaiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan453002China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological PsychiatryInternational Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of HenanXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan453002China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
| | - Xiong‐Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
- KIZ‐CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650204China
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Sinha A, Zou Y, Patel AS, Yoo S, Jiang F, Sato T, Kong R, Watanabe H, Zhu J, Massion PP, Borczuk AC, Powell CA. Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma MDM2 Genomic Amplification Predicts Clinical Outcome and Response to Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030708. [PMID: 35158979 PMCID: PMC8833784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Invasive subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) show MDM2 amplification that is associated with poor survival. Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is frequently amplified in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and is a negative regulator of p53, which binds to p53 and regulates its activity and stability. Genomic amplification and overexpression of MDM2, together with genetic alterations in p53, leads to genomic and genetic heterogeneity in LUAD that represents a therapeutic target. In vitro assays in a panel of LUAD cell lines showed that tumor cell response to MDM2-targeted therapy is associated with MDM2 amplification. Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women, accounting for one-quarter of total cancer-related mortality globally. Lung adenocarcinoma is the major subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and accounts for around 40% of lung cancer cases. Lung adenocarcinoma is a highly heterogeneous disease and patients often display variable histopathological morphology, genetic alterations, and genomic aberrations. Recent advances in transcriptomic and genetic profiling of lung adenocarcinoma by investigators, including our group, has provided better stratification of this heterogeneous disease, which can facilitate devising better treatment strategies suitable for targeted patient cohorts. In a recent study we have shown gene expression profiling identified novel clustering of early stage LUAD patients and correlated with tumor invasiveness and patient survival. In this study, we focused on copy number alterations in LUAD patients. SNP array data identified amplification at chromosome 12q15 on MDM2 locus and protein overexpression in a subclass of LUAD patients with an invasive subtype of the disease. High copy number amplification and protein expression in this subclass correlated with poor overall survival. We hypothesized that MDM2 copy number and overexpression predict response to MDM2-targeted therapy. In vitro functional data on a panel of LUAD cells showed that MDM2-targeted therapy effectively suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in cells with MDM2 amplification/overexpression but not in cells without MDM2 amplification, independent of p53 status. To determine the key signaling mechanisms, we used RNA sequencing (RNA seq) to examine the response to therapy in MDM2-amplified/overexpressing p53 mutant and wild-type LUAD cells. RNA seq data shows that in MDM2-amplified/overexpression with p53 wild-type condition, the E2F → PEG10 → MMPs pathway is operative, while in p53 mutant genetic background, MDM2-targeted therapy abrogates tumor progression in LUAD cells by suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling. Our study provides a potentially clinically relevant strategy of selecting LUAD patients for MDM2-targeted therapy that may provide for increased response rates and, thus, better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Sinha
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.S.); (A.S.P.); (F.J.); (T.S.); (R.K.); (H.W.)
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Y.Z.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Ayushi S. Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.S.); (A.S.P.); (F.J.); (T.S.); (R.K.); (H.W.)
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Feng Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.S.); (A.S.P.); (F.J.); (T.S.); (R.K.); (H.W.)
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Takashi Sato
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.S.); (A.S.P.); (F.J.); (T.S.); (R.K.); (H.W.)
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ranran Kong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.S.); (A.S.P.); (F.J.); (T.S.); (R.K.); (H.W.)
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.S.); (A.S.P.); (F.J.); (T.S.); (R.K.); (H.W.)
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Sema4, 333 Ludlow St., Stamford, CT 06902, USA;
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pierre P. Massion
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Y.Z.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Alain C. Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.S.); (A.S.P.); (F.J.); (T.S.); (R.K.); (H.W.)
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-241-5656
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7
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Barnes CE, English DM, Broderick M, Collins MO, Cowley SM. Proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) reveals a dynamic LSD1-CoREST interactome during embryonic stem cell differentiation. Mol Omics 2022; 18:31-44. [PMID: 34709266 PMCID: PMC8763317 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) regulates gene expression as part of the CoREST complex, along with co-repressor of REST (CoREST) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). CoREST is recruited to specific genomic loci by core components and numerous transient interactions with chromatin-associated factors and transcription factors. We hypothesise that many of these weaker and transient associations may be difficult to identify using traditional co-immunoprecipitation methods. We have therefore employed proximity-dependent biotin-identification (BioID) with four different members of the CoREST complex, in three different cell types, to identify a comprehensive network of LSD1/CoREST associated proteins. In HEK293T cells, we identified 302 CoREST-associated proteins. Among this group were 16 of 18 known CoREST components and numerous novel associations, including readers (CHD3, 4, 6, 7 and 8), writers (KMT2B and KMT2D) and erasers (KDM2B) of histone methylation. However, components of other HDAC1 containing complexes (e.g. Sin3) were largely absent. To examine the dynamic nature of the CoREST interactome in a primary cell type, we replaced endogenous LSD1 with BirA*-LSD1 in embryonic stem (ES) cells and performed BioID in pluripotent, early- and late-differentiating environments. We identified 156 LSD1-associated proteins of which 67 were constitutively associated across all three time-points (43%), including novel associations with the MMB and ChAHP complexes, implying that the majority of interactors are both dynamic and cell type dependent. In total, we have performed 16 independent BioID experiments for LSD1 in three different cell types, producing a definitive network of LSD1-assoicated proteins that should provide a major resource for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Barnes
- Department of Molecular and Cell biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - David M English
- Department of Molecular and Cell biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Megan Broderick
- Department of Molecular and Cell biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Mark O Collins
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Faculty of Science Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill Road, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Shaun M Cowley
- Department of Molecular and Cell biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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8
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Lee HW, Jose CC, Cuddapah S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Insights into nickel-induced lung diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:99-109. [PMID: 34058338 PMCID: PMC8627926 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nickel compounds are environmental toxicants, prevalent in the atmosphere due to their widespread use in several industrial processes, extensive consumption of nickel containing products, as well as burning of fossil fuels. Exposure to nickel is associated with a multitude of chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, nickel exposure is implicated in the development of nasal and lung cancers. Interestingly, a common pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of diseases associated with nickel exposure is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a process by which the epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity and acquire mesenchymal traits, including increased ability to migrate and invade. EMT is a normal and essential physiological process involved in differentiation, development and wound healing. However, EMT also contributes to a number of pathological conditions, including fibrosis, cancer and metastasis. Growing evidence suggest that EMT induction could be an important outcome of nickel exposure. In this review, we discuss the role of EMT in nickel-induced lung diseases and the mechanisms associated with EMT induction by nickel exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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Chen Y, Zhu L, Xue S, Shi J, He C, Zhang Q. Novel VHL substrate targets SFMBT1 and ZHX2 may be important prognostic predictors in patients with ccRCC. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:379. [PMID: 33777203 PMCID: PMC7988700 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most malignant cancers, with limited prognostic prediction system. The present study aimed to determine the prognostic value of novel von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) substrate targets in predicting the outcome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A total of 97 patients with ccRCC were enrolled in the present study, and the tissue microarray that was constructed using 97 ccRCC samples was used for immunohistochemical analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent prognostic factors. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of scm-like with four malignant brain tumor domains (SFMBT1) and zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) were upregulated in cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Among the 97 patients with ccRCC, SFMBT1 expression was upregulated in 61.9% (60/97), while ZHX2 expression was upregulated in 52.6% (51/97). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) analyses indicated that SFMBT1 or ZHX2 alone were of limited predictive value; however, the combined expression of these two targets (high SFMBT1 and high ZHX2 expression, SHZH group) was significantly associated with OS (P=0.0350) and DFS (P=0.0434). In addition, multivariate analysis identified SHZH as an independent prognostic factor in patients with ccRCC. Taken together, these results suggest that SFMBT1 and ZHX2 act as novel substrate targets of VHL and, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to provide insight on the co-expression of these two targets in representing a promising biomarker to predict the outcome of patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200333, P.R. China
| | - Liangsong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Urology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200333, P.R. China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Urology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200333, P.R. China
| | - Chunfeng He
- Department of Urology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200333, P.R. China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200333, P.R. China
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10
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Yuan Y, Bao J, Chen Z, Villanueva AD, Wen W, Wang F, Zhao D, Fu X, Cai Q, Long J, Shu XO, Zheng D, Moreno V, Zheng W, Lin W, Guo X. Multi-omics analysis to identify susceptibility genes for colorectal cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:321-330. [PMID: 33481017 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most genetic variants for colorectal cancer (CRC) identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are located in intergenic regions, implying pathogenic dysregulations of gene expression. However, comprehensive assessments of target genes in CRC remain to be explored. We conducted a multi-omics analysis using transcriptome and/or DNA methylation data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression, The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Colonomics projects. We identified 116 putative target genes for 45 GWAS-identified variants. Using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization approach (SMR), we demonstrated that the CRC susceptibility for 29 out of the 45 CRC variants may be mediated by cis-effects on gene regulation. At a cutoff of the Bonferroni-corrected PSMR < 0.05, we determined 66 putative susceptibility genes, including 39 genes that have not been previously reported. We further performed in vitro assays for two selected genes, DIP2B and SFMBT1, and provide functional evidence that they play a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis via disrupting cell behavior, including migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our study reveals a large number of putative novel susceptibility genes and provides additional insight into the underlying mechanisms for CRC genetic risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Anna Díez Villanueva
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO); Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Fangqin Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Dejian Zhao
- Departments of Genetics, Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Departments of Genetics, Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO); Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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11
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Chen Z, Wen W, Cai Q, Long J, Wang Y, Lin W, Shu XO, Zheng W, Guo X. From tobacco smoking to cancer mutational signature: a mediation analysis strategy to explore the role of epigenetic changes. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:880. [PMID: 32928150 PMCID: PMC7488848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking is associated with a unique mutational signature in the human cancer genome. It is unclear whether tobacco smoking-altered DNA methylations and gene expressions affect smoking-related mutational signature. Methods We systematically analyzed the smoking-related DNA methylation sites reported from five previous casecontrol studies in peripheral blood cells to identify possible target genes. Using the mediation analysis approach, we evaluated whether the association of tobacco smoking with mutational signature is mediated through altered DNA methylation and expression of these target genes in lung adenocarcinoma tumor tissues. Results Based on data obtained from 21,108 blood samples, we identified 374 smoking-related DNA methylation sites, annotated to 248 target genes. Using data from DNA methylations, gene expressions and smoking-related mutational signature generated from ~ 7700 tumor tissue samples across 26 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found 11 of the 248 target genes whose expressions were associated with smoking-related mutational signature at a Bonferroni-correction P < 0.001. This included four for head and neck cancer, and seven for lung adenocarcinoma. In lung adenocarcinoma, our results showed that smoking increased the expression of three genes, AHRR, GPR15, and HDGF, and decreased the expression of two genes, CAPN8, and RPS6KA1, which were consequently associated with increased smoking-related mutational signature. Additional evidence showed that the elevated expression of AHRR and GPR15 were associated with smoking-altered hypomethylations at cg14817490 and cg19859270, respectively, in lung adenocarcinoma tumor tissues. Lastly, we showed that decreased expression of RPS6KA1, were associated with poor survival of lung cancer patients. Conclusions Our findings provide novel insight into the contributions of tobacco smoking to carcinogenesis through the underlying mechanisms of the elevated mutational signature by altered DNA methylations and gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
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12
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Bhatia S, Wang P, Toh A, Thompson EW. New Insights Into the Role of Phenotypic Plasticity and EMT in Driving Cancer Progression. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:71. [PMID: 32391381 PMCID: PMC7190792 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells demonstrate substantial plasticity in their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) can be characterized into dynamic intermediate states and can be orchestrated by many factors, either intercellularly via epigenetic reprograming, or extracellularly via growth factors, inflammation and/or hypoxia generated by the tumor stromal microenvironment. EMP has the capability to alter phenotype and produce heterogeneity, and thus by changing the whole cancer landscape can attenuate oncogenic signaling networks, invoke anti-apoptotic features, defend against chemotherapeutics and reprogram angiogenic and immune recognition functions. We discuss here the role of phenotypic plasticity in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis and provide an update of the modalities utilized for the molecular characterization of the EMT states and attributes of cellular behavior, including cellular metabolism, in the context of EMP. We also summarize recent findings in dynamic EMP studies that provide new insights into the phenotypic plasticity of EMP flux in cancer and propose therapeutic strategies to impede the metastatic outgrowth of phenotypically heterogeneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Bhatia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alan Toh
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Liu X, Simon JM, Xie H, Hu L, Wang J, Zurlo G, Fan C, Ptacek TS, Herring L, Tan X, Li M, Baldwin AS, Kim WY, Wu T, Kirschner MW, Gong K, Zhang Q. Genome-wide Screening Identifies SFMBT1 as an Oncogenic Driver in Cancer with VHL Loss. Mol Cell 2020; 77:1294-1306.e5. [PMID: 32023483 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is a critical tumor suppressor in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). It is important to identify additional therapeutic targets in ccRCC downstream of VHL loss besides hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α). By performing a genome-wide screen, we identified Scm-like with four malignant brain tumor domains 1 (SFMBT1) as a candidate pVHL target. SFMBT1 was considered to be a transcriptional repressor but its role in cancer remains unclear. ccRCC patients with VHL loss-of-function mutations displayed elevated SFMBT1 protein levels. SFMBT1 hydroxylation on Proline residue 651 by EglN1 mediated its ubiquitination and degradation governed by pVHL. Depletion of SFMBT1 abolished ccRCC cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited orthotopic tumor growth in vivo. Integrated analyses of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and patient prognosis identified sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) as a key SFMBT1 target gene contributing to its oncogenic phenotype. Therefore, the pVHL-SFMBT1-SPHK1 axis serves as a potential therapeutic avenue for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haibiao Xie
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianxin Hu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Giada Zurlo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Travis S Ptacek
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Proteomics Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mingjie Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Marc W Kirschner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kan Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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14
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Small Molecules Targeting the Specific Domains of Histone-Mark Readers in Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030578. [PMID: 32013155 PMCID: PMC7037402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications (or epigenetic tags) on DNA and histones not only alter the chromatin structure, but also provide a recognition platform for subsequent protein recruitment and enable them to acquire executive instructions to carry out specific intracellular biological processes. In cells, different epigenetic-tags on DNA and histones are often recognized by the specific domains in proteins (readers), such as bromodomain (BRD), chromodomain (CHD), plant homeodomain (PHD), Tudor domain, Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (PWWP) domain and malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain. Recent accumulating data reveal that abnormal intracellular histone modifications (histone marks) caused by tumors can be modulated by small molecule-mediated changes in the activity of the above domains, suggesting that small molecules targeting histone-mark reader domains may be the trend of new anticancer drug development. Here, we summarize the protein domains involved in histone-mark recognition, and introduce recent research findings about small molecules targeting histone-mark readers in cancer therapy.
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15
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Martignago D, Bernardini B, Polticelli F, Salvi D, Cona A, Angelini R, Tavladoraki P. The Four FAD-Dependent Histone Demethylases of Arabidopsis Are Differently Involved in the Control of Flowering Time. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:669. [PMID: 31214214 PMCID: PMC6558185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, four FAD-dependent lysine-specific histone demethylases (LDL1, LDL2, LDL3, and FLD) are present, bearing both a SWIRM and an amine oxidase domain. In this study, a comparative analysis of gene structure, evolutionary relationships, tissue- and organ-specific expression patterns, physiological roles and target genes for the four Arabidopsis LDL/FLDs is reported. Phylogenetic analysis evidences a different evolutionary history for the four LDL/FLDs, while promoter activity data show that LDL/FLDs are strongly expressed during plant development and embryogenesis, with some gene-specific expression patterns. Furthermore, phenotypical analysis of loss-of-function mutants indicates a role of all four Arabidopsis LDL/FLD genes in the control of flowering time, though for some of them with opposing effects. This study contributes toward a better understanding of the LDL/FLD physiological roles and may provide biotechnological strategies for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Martignago
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Spanish National Research Council–Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology–Autonomous University of Barcelona–University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- ‘Roma Tre’ Section, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Salvi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Paraskevi Tavladoraki
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paraskevi Tavladoraki,
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16
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Association of SHMT1, MAZ, ERG, and L3MBTL3 Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis. Biochem Genet 2018; 57:355-370. [PMID: 30456721 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory and chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS). A complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors is involved in the pathogenesis of MS. With the advancement of GWAS, various variants associated with MS have been identified. This study aimed to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4925166 and rs1979277 in the SHMT1, MAZ rs34286592, ERG rs2836425, and L3MBTL3 rs4364506 with MS. In this case-control study, the association of five SNPs in SHMT1, MAZ, ERG, and L3MBTL3 genes with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) was investigated in 190 patients and 200 healthy individuals. Four SNPs including SHMT1 rs4925166, SHMT1 rs1979277, MAZ rs34286592, and L3MBTL3 rs4364506 were genotyped using PCR-RFLP and genotyping of ERG rs2836425 was performed by tetra-primer ARMS PCR. Our findings showed a significant difference in the allelic frequencies for the four SNPs of SHMT1 rs4925166, SHMT1 rs1979277, MAZ rs34286592, and ERG rs2836425, while there were no differences in the allele and genotype frequencies for L3MBTL3 rs4364506. These significant associations were observed for the following genotypes: TT and GG genotypes of SHMT1 rs4925166 (OR 0.47 and 1.90, respectively) genotype GG of SHMT1 rs1979277 (OR 0.63), genotype GG of MAZ rs34286592 (OR 0.61), TC and CC genotypes of ERG rs2836425 (OR 1.89 and 0.50, respectively). Our study highlighted that people who are carrying genotypes including GG (SHMT1 rs4925166) and TC (ERG rs2836425) have the highest susceptibility chance for MS, respectively. However, genotypes TT (SHMT1 rs4925166), CC (ERG rs2836425), GG (MAZ rs34286592), and GG (SHMT1 rs1979277) had the highest negative association (protective effect) with MS, respectively. L3MBTL3 rs4364506 was found neither as a predisposing nor a protective variant.
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17
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Tsubakihara Y, Moustakas A. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis under the Control of Transforming Growth Factor β. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113672. [PMID: 30463358 PMCID: PMC6274739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of tumor cells from primary sites of malignancy to neighboring stromal tissue or distant localities entails in several instances, but not in every case, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT weakens the strong adhesion forces between differentiated epithelial cells so that carcinoma cells can achieve solitary or collective motility, which makes the EMT an intuitive mechanism for the initiation of tumor metastasis. EMT initiates after primary oncogenic events lead to secondary secretion of cytokines. The interaction between tumor-secreted cytokines and oncogenic stimuli facilitates EMT progression. A classic case of this mechanism is the cooperation between oncogenic Ras and the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The power of TGFβ to mediate EMT during metastasis depends on versatile signaling crosstalk and on the regulation of successive waves of expression of many other cytokines and the progressive remodeling of the extracellular matrix that facilitates motility through basement membranes. Since metastasis involves many organs in the body, whereas EMT affects carcinoma cell differentiation locally, it has frequently been debated whether EMT truly contributes to metastasis. Despite controversies, studies of circulating tumor cells, studies of acquired chemoresistance by metastatic cells, and several (but not all) metastatic animal models, support a link between EMT and metastasis, with TGFβ, often being a common denominator in this link. This article aims at discussing mechanistic cases where TGFβ signaling and EMT facilitate tumor cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Tsubakihara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Jiang Z, Song Q, Zeng R, Li J, Li J, Lin X, Chen X, Zhang J, Zheng Y. MicroRNA-218 inhibits EMT, migration and invasion by targeting SFMBT1 and DCUN1D1 in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45622-45636. [PMID: 27285984 PMCID: PMC5216747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated infection with high-risk HPV is a major cause for the development and metastasis of human cervical cancer, even though the mechanism of the metastasis is still not completely understood. Here, we reported that miR-218 (microRNA-218) was downregulated in cervical cancer tissues, especially in metastatic cancer tissues. We found that miR-218 expression was associated with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cervical cancer. MiR-218 overexpression inhibited Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), migration and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, miR-218 repressed the expression of SFMFBT1 (Scm-like with four MBT domains 1) and DCUN1D1 (defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 1) by direct binding to the 3′UTRs of the mRNAs. The overexpression of SFMBT1 induced EMT and increased the migration and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells, while the overexpression of DCUN1D1 increased the migration and invasiveness of these cells, but did not induce EMT. An inverse correlation was observed between the expression of miR-218 and DCUN1D1 protein in cervical cancer tissues. Importantly, HPV16 E6 downregulated the expression of miR-218 in cervical cancer, while miR-218 rescued the promotion effect of HPV16 E6 on the expression of SFMBT1 and DCUN1D1. Taken together, our results revealed that HPV16 E6 promoted EMT and invasion in cervical cancer via the repression of miR-218, while miR-218 inhibited EMT and invasion in cervical cancer by targeting SFMBT1 and DCUN1D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojing Jiang
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiancheng Song
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Lin
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiren Zhang
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Xu T, Park SS, Giaimo BD, Hall D, Ferrante F, Ho DM, Hori K, Anhezini L, Ertl I, Bartkuhn M, Zhang H, Milon E, Ha K, Conlon KP, Kuick R, Govindarajoo B, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Dou Y, Basrur V, Elenitoba-Johnson KS, Nesvizhskii AI, Ceron J, Lee CY, Borggrefe T, Kovall RA, Rual JF. RBPJ/CBF1 interacts with L3MBTL3/MBT1 to promote repression of Notch signaling via histone demethylase KDM1A/LSD1. EMBO J 2017; 36:3232-3249. [PMID: 29030483 PMCID: PMC5666606 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathway that is essential for metazoan development. Upon ligand binding, the Notch intracellular domain (NOTCH ICD) translocates into the nucleus and forms a complex with the transcription factor RBPJ (also known as CBF1 or CSL) to activate expression of Notch target genes. In the absence of a Notch signal, RBPJ acts as a transcriptional repressor. Using a proteomic approach, we identified L3MBTL3 (also known as MBT1) as a novel RBPJ interactor. L3MBTL3 competes with NOTCH ICD for binding to RBPJ. In the absence of NOTCH ICD, RBPJ recruits L3MBTL3 and the histone demethylase KDM1A (also known as LSD1) to the enhancers of Notch target genes, leading to H3K4me2 demethylation and to transcriptional repression. Importantly, in vivo analyses of the homologs of RBPJ and L3MBTL3 in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrate that the functional link between RBPJ and L3MBTL3 is evolutionarily conserved, thus identifying L3MBTL3 as a universal modulator of Notch signaling in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Daniel Hall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Diana M Ho
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuya Hori
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas Anhezini
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Iris Ertl
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Honglai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eléna Milon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kimberly Ha
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin P Conlon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rork Kuick
- Center for Cancer Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brandon Govindarajoo
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julian Ceron
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rhett A Kovall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jean-François Rual
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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ZNF516 suppresses EGFR by targeting the CtBP/LSD1/CoREST complex to chromatin. Nat Commun 2017; 8:691. [PMID: 28947780 PMCID: PMC5612949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR is required for animal development, and dysregulation of EGFR is critically implicated in malignant transformation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of EGFR expression remains poorly explored. Here we report that the zinc-finger protein ZNF516 is a transcription repressor. ZNF516 is physically associated with the CtBP/LSD1/CoREST complex and transcriptionally represses a cohort of genes including EGFR that are critically involved in cell proliferation and motility. We demonstrate that the ZNF516–CtBP/LSD1/CoREST complex inhibits the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and suppresses breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. Significantly, low expression of ZNF516 is positively associated with advanced pathological staging and poor survival of breast carcinomas. Our data indicate that ZNF516 is a transcription repressor and a potential suppressor of EGFR, adding to the understanding of EGFR-related breast carcinogenesis and supporting the pursuit of ZNF516 as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. EGFR is a well-known oncogene; however, the mechanisms regulating its expression are still unclear. Here, analysing genome-wide chromatin associations, the authors show that in breast cancer cells ZNF516 represses EGFR transcription through the interaction with the CtBP/LSD1/CoREST complex.
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21
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Lu J, Shenoy AK. Epithelial-to-Pericyte Transition in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070077. [PMID: 28677655 PMCID: PMC5532613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cells lose epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties. These two processes are genetically separable and governed by distinct transcriptional programs, rendering the EMT outputs highly heterogeneous. Our recent study shows that the mesenchymal products generated by EMT often express multiple pericyte markers, associate with and stabilize blood vessels to fuel tumor growth, thus phenotypically and functionally resembling pericytes. Therefore, some EMT events represent epithelial-to-pericyte transition (EPT). The serum response factor (SRF) plays key roles in both EMT and differentiation of pericytes, and may inherently confer the pericyte attributes on EMT cancer cells. By impacting their intratumoral location and cell surface receptor expression, EPT may enable cancer cells to receive and respond to angiocrine factors produced by the vascular niche, and develop therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3633, USA.
| | - Anitha K Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Sciences, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA 93612, USA.
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22
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Scarpa A, Chang DK, Nones K, Corbo V, Patch AM, Bailey P, Lawlor RT, Johns AL, Miller DK, Mafficini A, Rusev B, Scardoni M, Antonello D, Barbi S, Sikora KO, Cingarlini S, Vicentini C, McKay S, Quinn MCJ, Bruxner TJC, Christ AN, Harliwong I, Idrisoglu S, McLean S, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Wilson PJ, Anderson MJ, Fink JL, Newell F, Waddell N, Holmes O, Kazakoff SH, Leonard C, Wood S, Xu Q, Nagaraj SH, Amato E, Dalai I, Bersani S, Cataldo I, Dei Tos AP, Capelli P, Davì MV, Landoni L, Malpaga A, Miotto M, Whitehall VLJ, Leggett BA, Harris JL, Harris J, Jones MD, Humphris J, Chantrill LA, Chin V, Nagrial AM, Pajic M, Scarlett CJ, Pinho A, Rooman I, Toon C, Wu J, Pinese M, Cowley M, Barbour A, Mawson A, Humphrey ES, Colvin EK, Chou A, Lovell JA, Jamieson NB, Duthie F, Gingras MC, Fisher WE, Dagg RA, Lau LMS, Lee M, Pickett HA, Reddel RR, Samra JS, Kench JG, Merrett ND, Epari K, Nguyen NQ, Zeps N, Falconi M, Simbolo M, Butturini G, Van Buren G, Partelli S, Fassan M, Khanna KK, Gill AJ, Wheeler DA, Gibbs RA, Musgrove EA, Bassi C, Tortora G, Pederzoli P, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Biankin AV, Grimmond SM. Whole-genome landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Nature 2017; 543:65-71. [PMID: 28199314 DOI: 10.1038/nature21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) is increasing owing to more sensitive detection methods, and this increase is creating challenges for clinical management. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 102 primary PanNETs and defined the genomic events that characterize their pathogenesis. Here we describe the mutational signatures they harbour, including a deficiency in G:C > T:A base excision repair due to inactivation of MUTYH, which encodes a DNA glycosylase. Clinically sporadic PanNETs contain a larger-than-expected proportion of germline mutations, including previously unreported mutations in the DNA repair genes MUTYH, CHEK2 and BRCA2. Together with mutations in MEN1 and VHL, these mutations occur in 17% of patients. Somatic mutations, including point mutations and gene fusions, were commonly found in genes involved in four main pathways: chromatin remodelling, DNA damage repair, activation of mTOR signalling (including previously undescribed EWSR1 gene fusions), and telomere maintenance. In addition, our gene expression analyses identified a subgroup of tumours associated with hypoxia and HIF signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - David K Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Amber L Johns
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - David K Miller
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Borislav Rusev
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Maria Scardoni
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Davide Antonello
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Stefano Barbi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Katarzyna O Sikora
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Sara Cingarlini
- Medical Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Skye McKay
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy J C Bruxner
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ivon Harliwong
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Senel Idrisoglu
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Suzanne McLean
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig Nourse
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ehsan Nourbakhsh
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Anderson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - J Lynn Fink
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nick Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen H Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shivashankar Hiriyur Nagaraj
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Eliana Amato
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Irene Dalai
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Samantha Bersani
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Ivana Cataldo
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Angelo P Dei Tos
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Treviso, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Capelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Davì
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Landoni
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Anna Malpaga
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Marco Miotto
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Vicki L J Whitehall
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Barbara A Leggett
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Janelle L Harris
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Jonathan Harris
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marc D Jones
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jeremy Humphris
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Lorraine A Chantrill
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Venessa Chin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Adnan M Nagrial
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- School of Environmental &Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258, Australia
| | - Andreia Pinho
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ilse Rooman
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher Toon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Centre for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Mark Pinese
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Cowley
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Barbour
- Department of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Rd, Woollongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Amanda Mawson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Emily S Humphrey
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology. St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jessica A Lovell
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 OSF, UK
| | - Fraser Duthie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Greater Glasgow &Clyde NHS, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and The Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and The Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Rebecca A Dagg
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Loretta M S Lau
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Lee
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jaswinder S Samra
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
- University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James G Kench
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Neil D Merrett
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2175, Australia
| | - Krishna Epari
- Department of Surgery, Fremantle Hospital, Alma Street, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia
| | - Nam Q Nguyen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Nikolajs Zeps
- School of Surgery M507, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- St John of God Pathology, 12 Salvado Rd, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
- Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Michele Simbolo
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giovanni Butturini
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - George Van Buren
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and The Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David A Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Musgrove
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Claudio Bassi
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Pederzoli
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Sun L, Fang J. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4493-4515. [PMID: 27392607 PMCID: PMC5459373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process for morphogenesis and organ development which reversibly enables polarized epithelial cells to lose their epithelial characteristics and to acquire mesenchymal properties. It is now evident that the aberrant activation of EMT is also a critical mechanism to endow epithelial cancer cells with migratory and invasive capabilities associated with metastatic competence. This dedifferentiation program is mediated by a small cohort of pleiotropic transcription factors which orchestrate a complex array of epigenetic mechanisms for the wide-spread changes in gene expression. Here, we review major epigenetic mechanisms with an emphasis on histone modifications and discuss their implications in EMT and tumor progression. We also highlight mechanisms underlying transcription regulation concerted by various chromatin-modifying proteins and EMT-inducing transcription factors at different molecular layers. Owing to the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, a thorough understanding of their functions in EMT will not only provide new insights into our knowledge of cancer progression and metastasis, but also facilitate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for human malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Sun
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jia Fang
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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24
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Shenoy AK, Jin Y, Luo H, Tang M, Pampo C, Shao R, Siemann DW, Wu L, Heldermon CD, Law BK, Chang LJ, Lu J. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition confers pericyte properties on cancer cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4174-4186. [PMID: 27721239 DOI: 10.1172/jci86623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma cells can acquire increased motility and invasiveness through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the significance of EMT in cancer metastasis has been controversial, and the exact fates and functions of EMT cancer cells in vivo remain inadequately understood. Here, we tracked epithelial cancer cells that underwent inducible or spontaneous EMT in various tumor transplantation models. Unlike epithelial cells, the majority of EMT cancer cells were specifically located in the perivascular space and closely associated with blood vessels. EMT markedly activated multiple pericyte markers in carcinoma cells, in particular PDGFR-β and N-cadherin, which enabled EMT cells to be chemoattracted towards and physically interact with endothelium. In tumor xenografts generated from carcinoma cells that were prone to spontaneous EMT, a substantial fraction of the pericytes associated with tumor vasculature were derived from EMT cancer cells. Depletion of such EMT cells in transplanted tumors diminished pericyte coverage, impaired vascular integrity, and attenuated tumor growth. These findings suggest that EMT confers key pericyte attributes on cancer cells. The resulting EMT cells phenotypically and functionally resemble pericytes and are indispensable for vascular stabilization and sustained tumor growth. This study thus proposes a previously unrecognized role for EMT in cancer.
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25
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Luo H, Shenoy A, Li X, Jin Y, Jin L, Cai Q, Tang M, Liu Y, Chen H, Reisman D, Wu L, Seto E, Qiu Y, Dou Y, Casero R, Lu J. MOF Acetylates the Histone Demethylase LSD1 to Suppress Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2665-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Díaz VM, de Herreros AG. F-box proteins: Keeping the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in check. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 36:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the complexity of the epigenetic target space. Chemical modifications of histones and nucleic acids constitute a key epigenetic mechanism. Whereas modifications such as methylation and acetylation are well-known, there are many additional, less explored modifications described here. The writers, readers and erasers of such diverse modifications, which constitute a major portion of the potential epigenetic target space, are discussed, in addition to the various other protein families that do not fall under these three categories. Finally, disease relevance and druggability of epigenetic targets are discussed with concluding remarks about the richness and diversity they will provide for future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Pande
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen-Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
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28
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Sadiq I, Keren I, Citovsky V. Plant homologs of mammalian MBT-domain protein-regulated KDM1 histone lysine demethylases do not interact with plant Tudor/PWWP/MBT-domain proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:913-6. [PMID: 26826387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases of the LSD1/KDM1 family play important roles in epigenetic regulation of eukaryotic chromatin, and they are conserved between plants and animals. Mammalian LSD1 is thought to be targeted to its substrates, i.e., methylated histones, by an MBT-domain protein SFMBT1 that represents a component of the LSD1-based repressor complex and binds methylated histones. Because MBT-domain proteins are conserved between different organisms, from animals to plants, we examined whether the KDM1-type histone lysine demethylases KDM1C and FLD of Arabidopsis interact with the Arabidopsis Tudor/PWWP/MBT-domain SFMBT1-like proteins SL1, SL2, SL3, and SL4. No such interaction was detected using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay in living plant cells. Thus, plants most likely direct their KDM1 chromatin-modifying enzymes to methylated histones of the target chromatin by a mechanism different from that employed by the mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215, USA; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Ido Keren
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215, USA.
| | - Vitaly Citovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215, USA.
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29
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LAMTOR1-PRKCD and NUMA1-SFMBT1 fusion genes identified by RNA sequencing in aneurysmal benign fibrous histiocytoma with t(3;11)(p21;q13). Cancer Genet 2015; 208:545-51. [PMID: 26432191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RNA sequencing of an aneurysmal benign fibrous histiocytoma with the karyotype 46,XY,t(3;11)(p21;q13),del(6)(p23)[17]/46,XY[2] showed that the t(3;11) generated two fusion genes: LAMTOR1-PRKCD and NUMA1-SFMBT1. RT-PCR together with Sanger sequencing verified the presence of fusion transcripts from both fusion genes. In the LAMTOR1-PRKCD fusion, the part of the PRKCD gene coding for the catalytic domain of the serine/threonine kinase is under control of the LAMTOR1 promoter. In the NUMA1-SFMBT1 fusion, the part of the SFMBT1 gene coding for two of four malignant brain tumor domains and the sterile alpha motif domain is controlled by the NUMA1 promoter. The data support a neoplastic genesis of aneurysmal benign fibrous histiocytoma and indicate a pathogenetic role for LAMTOR1-PRKCD and NUMA1-SFMBT1.
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30
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Burg JM, Link JE, Morgan BS, Heller FJ, Hargrove AE, McCafferty DG. KDM1 class flavin-dependent protein lysine demethylases. Biopolymers 2015; 104:213-46. [PMID: 25787087 PMCID: PMC4747437 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent, lysine-specific protein demethylases (KDM1s) are a subfamily of amine oxidases that catalyze the selective posttranslational oxidative demethylation of methyllysine side chains within protein and peptide substrates. KDM1s participate in the widespread epigenetic regulation of both normal and disease state transcriptional programs. Their activities are central to various cellular functions, such as hematopoietic and neuronal differentiation, cancer proliferation and metastasis, and viral lytic replication and establishment of latency. Interestingly, KDM1s function as catalytic subunits within complexes with coregulatory molecules that modulate enzymatic activity of the demethylases and coordinate their access to specific substrates at distinct sites within the cell and chromatin. Although several classes of KDM1-selective small molecule inhibitors have been recently developed, these pan-active site inhibition strategies lack the ability to selectively discriminate between KDM1 activity in specific, and occasionally opposing, functional contexts within these complexes. Here we review the discovery of this class of demethylases, their structures, chemical mechanisms, and specificity. Additionally, we review inhibition of this class of enzymes as well as emerging interactions with coregulatory molecules that regulate demethylase activity in highly specific functional contexts of biological and potential therapeutic importance.
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31
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FBXO11 promotes ubiquitination of the Snail family of transcription factors in cancer progression and epidermal development. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:70-82. [PMID: 25827072 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Snail family of transcription factors are core inducers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we show that the F-box protein FBXO11 recognizes and promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of multiple Snail family members including Scratch. The association between FBXO11 and Snai1 in vitro is independent of Snai1 phosphorylation. Overexpression of FBXO11 in mesenchymal cells reduces Snail protein abundance and cellular invasiveness. Conversely, depletion of endogenous FBXO11 in epithelial cancer cells causes Snail protein accumulation, EMT, and tumor invasion, as well as loss of estrogen receptor expression in breast cancer cells. Expression of FBXO11 is downregulated by EMT-inducing signals TGFβ and nickel. In human cancer, high FBXO11 levels correlate with expression of epithelial markers and favorable prognosis. The results suggest that FBXO11 sustains the epithelial state and inhibits cancer progression. Inactivation of FBXO11 in mice leads to neonatal lethality, epidermal thickening, and increased Snail protein levels in epidermis, validating that FBXO11 is a physiological ubiquitin ligase of Snail. Moreover, in C. elegans, the FBXO11 mutant phenotype is attributed to the Snail factors as it is suppressed by inactivation/depletion of Snail homologs. Collectively, these findings suggest that the FBXO11-Snail regulatory axis is evolutionarily conserved and critically governs carcinoma progression and mammalian epidermal development.
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32
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Meier K, Brehm A. Chromatin regulation: how complex does it get? Epigenetics 2014; 9:1485-95. [PMID: 25482055 PMCID: PMC4622878 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.971580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transcription is tightly regulated at different levels to ensure that the transcriptome of the cell is appropriate for developmental stage and cell type. The chromatin state in which a gene is embedded determines its expression level to a large extent. Activation or repression of transcription is typically accomplished by the recruitment of chromatin-associated multisubunit protein complexes that combine several molecular tools, such as histone-binding and chromatin-modifying activities. Recent biochemical purifications of such complexes have revealed a substantial diversity. On the one hand, complexes that were thought to be unique have been revealed to be part of large complex families. On the other hand, protein subunits that were thought to only exist in separate complexes have been shown to coexist in novel assemblies. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of repressor complexes that contain MBT domain proteins and/or the CoREST co-repressor and use them as a paradigm to illustrate the unexpected heterogeneity and tool sharing of chromatin regulating protein complexes. These recent insights also challenge the ways we define and think about protein complexes in general.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BAP, brahma associated protein
- BHC80, BRAF-histone deacetylase complex 80
- BRG1, brahma Related Gene 1
- CHD, chromo domain helicase DNA binding
- CoREST
- CoREST REST, corepressor
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- DP-1, dimerization partner 1
- E2F, E2 transcription Factor
- ELM2, EGL-27 and MTA1 homology 2
- ES cell, embryonic stem cells
- H, histone
- HDAC, histone deacetylas
- HMTase, histone methylase
- HP1, heterochromatin protein 1
- K, lysine
- L3MBTL, lethal 3 malignant brain tumor-like
- LINT, l(3)mbt interacting
- LSD1, lysine-specific demethylase 1
- Lint-1, l(3)mbt interacting 1
- MBT protein
- MBT, malignant brain tumor
- MBTS, malignant brain tumor signature
- NPA1, nucleosome assembly protein
- NRSF, neural-restrictive silencing factor
- NuRD, nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase
- PBAP, polybromo-associated BAP
- PHD, plant homeo domain
- PRC1, polycomb repressive complex 1
- PRE, polycomb responsive element
- Pc, polycomb
- PcG, polycomb group
- Ph, polyhomeotic
- Pho, pleiohomeotic
- PhoRC, Pho repressive complex
- Psc, posterior sex combs
- RB, retinoblastoma
- REST, repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- Rpd3, reduced potassium dependency 3
- SANT, SWI/ADA2/N-CoR/TFIIIB
- SCML, sex combs on midleg-like
- SLC, SFMBT1, LSD1, CoREST
- SWH, Salvador-Warts-Hippo
- SWI/SNF, switching defective/sucrose non-fermenting
- Sce, sex combs extra
- Scm, sex combs on midleg
- Sfmbt, Scm-related gene containing 4 mbt domains
- TSS, transcription start site
- YY1, ying-yang 1
- ZNF, zinc finger
- complex family
- dL(3)mbt, Drosophila Lethal 3 malignant brain tumor
- hBRM, human Brahma
- l(3)mbt, lethal 3 malignant brain tumor
- protein complex
- transcriptional regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Meier
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marburg, Germany
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular; Departamento de Genética Molecular; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México City, México
| | - Alexander Brehm
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marburg, Germany
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Wu ZH, Wang XL, Tang HM, Jiang T, Chen J, Lu S, Qiu GQ, Peng ZH, Yan DW. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is a powerful predictor of metastasis and poor prognosis and is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:395-402. [PMID: 24840737 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third most fatal malignancy worldwide. HOTAIR, a cancer-associated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is a powerful biomarker of metastasis and poor prognosis in a diverse group of cancers. Nevertheless, an understanding of how HOTAIR is involved in colon cancer progression is limited. In the present study, we hypothesized that HOTAIR plays a crucial role in colon cancer development. We evaluated the expression of HOTAIR in 120 colon cancer samples, matched adjacent non-tumor mucosa and 32 lymph node metastasis tissues by real-time PCR. Increased HOTAIR expression was significantly correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, organ metastasis, histological differentiation, vascular invasion and advanced tumor stage. Patients with high HOTAIR expression had higher recurrence rates and reduced metastasis-free and overall survival than patients with low HOTAIR expression. Moreover, our findings revealed that HOTAIR had a limited effect on cell proliferation but significantly promoted colon cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Depletion of HOTAIR increased the expression of E-cadherin while concomitantly decreasing expression of vimentin and MMP9. Hence, HOTAIR may be another pleiotropic modulator participating in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These results indicate that HOTAIR may also be a valuable predictor for colon cancer management; furthermore, this lncRNA may be a potential target for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Mei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Wang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Bedi U, Mishra VK, Wasilewski D, Scheel C, Johnsen SA. Epigenetic plasticity: a central regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5:2016-29. [PMID: 24840099 PMCID: PMC4039141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in most solid cancers. A growing body of evidence suggests that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a central role during tumor metastasis and frequently imparts a stem cell-like phenotype and therapeutic resistance to tumor cells. The induction of EMT is accompanied by a dynamic reprogramming of the epigenome involving changes in DNA methylation and several post-translational histone modifications. These changes in turn promote the expression of mesenchymal genes or repress those associated with an epithelial phenotype. Importantly, in order for metastatic colonization and the formation of macrometastases to occur, tumor cells frequently undergo a reversal of EMT referred to as the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Thus, a high degree of epigenetic plasticity is required in order to induce and reverse EMT during tumor progression. In this review, we describe various epigenetic regulatory mechanisms employed by tumor cells during EMT and elaborate on the importance of the histone code in controlling both the expression and activity of EMT-associated transcription factors. We propose that a more thorough understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms controlling EMT may provide new opportunities which may be harnessed for improved and individualized cancer therapy based on defined molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Bedi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Steven A Johnsen
- ²Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Wagner T, Robaa D, Sippl W, Jung M. Mind the Methyl: Methyllysine Binding Proteins in Epigenetic Regulation. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:466-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Díaz VM, Viñas-Castells R, García de Herreros A. Regulation of the protein stability of EMT transcription factors. Cell Adh Migr 2014; 8:418-28. [PMID: 25482633 PMCID: PMC4594480 DOI: 10.4161/19336918.2014.969998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) consists of a rapid change of cell phenotype, characterized by the loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of a more invasive phenotype. Transcription factors regulating EMT (Snail, Twist and Zeb) are extremely labile proteins, rapidly degraded by the proteasome system. In this review we analyze the current mechanisms controlling degradation of EMT transcription factors, focusing on the role of new E3 ubiquitin-ligases involved in EMT. We also summarize the regulation of the stability of these EMT transcription factors, specially observed in different stress conditions, such as hypoxia, chemotherapeutic drugs, oxidative stress or γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- VM Díaz
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM); Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Doctor Aiguader; Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona, Spain
- Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Viñas-Castells
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM); Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Doctor Aiguader; Barcelona, Spain
| | - A García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM); Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Doctor Aiguader; Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona, Spain
- Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
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