1
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Lukasiewicz CJ, Tranah GJ, Evans DS, Coen PM, Barnes HN, Huo Z, Esser KA, Zhang X, Wolff C, Wu K, Lane NE, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Cummings SR, Cawthon PM, Hepple RT. Higher expression of denervation-responsive genes is negatively associated with muscle volume and performance traits in the study of muscle, mobility, and aging (SOMMA). Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14115. [PMID: 38831622 PMCID: PMC11166368 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With aging skeletal muscle fibers undergo repeating cycles of denervation and reinnervation. In approximately the 8th decade of life reinnervation no longer keeps pace, resulting in the accumulation of persistently denervated muscle fibers that in turn cause an acceleration of muscle dysfunction. The significance of denervation in important clinical outcomes with aging is poorly studied. The Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA) is a large cohort study with the primary objective to assess how aging muscle biology impacts clinically important traits. Using transcriptomics data from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in 575 participants we have selected 49 denervation-responsive genes to provide insights to the burden of denervation in SOMMA, to test the hypothesis that greater expression of denervation-responsive genes negatively associates with SOMMA participant traits that included time to walk 400 meters, fitness (VO2peak), maximal mitochondrial respiration, muscle mass and volume, and leg muscle strength and power. Consistent with our hypothesis, increased transcript levels of: a calciumdependent intercellular adhesion glycoprotein (CDH15), acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA1, CHRND, CHRNE), a glycoprotein promoting reinnervation (NCAM1), a transcription factor regulating aspects of muscle organization (RUNX1), and a sodium channel (SCN5A) were each negatively associated with at least 3 of these traits. VO2peak and maximal respiration had the strongest negative associations with 15 and 19 denervation-responsive genes, respectively. In conclusion, the abundance of denervationresponsive gene transcripts is a significant determinant of muscle and mobility outcomes in aging humans, supporting the imperative to identify new treatment strategies to restore innervation in advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute, Advent HealthOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Haley N. Barnes
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Christopher Wolff
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Kevin Wu
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Nancy E. Lane
- Department of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyUniversity of California Davis HealthSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anne B. Newman
- School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peggy M. Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Russell T. Hepple
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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2
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Ru Q, Chen L, Xu G, Wu Y. Exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer-related cachexia. J Transl Med 2024; 22:408. [PMID: 38689293 PMCID: PMC11062016 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by weight loss, adipose tissue decomposition, and progressive skeletal muscle atrophy. It is a major complication of many advanced cancers and seriously affects the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. However, the specific molecules that mediate cancer-related cachexia remain elusive, and the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with muscle atrophy and lipidolysis in cancer patients still need to be investigated. Exosomes, a newly discovered class of small extracellular vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication, have a significant role in the onset and development of various cancers. Studies have shown that exosomes play a role in the onset and progression of cancer-related cachexia by transporting active molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. This review aimed to provide an overview of exosome developments in cancer-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and adipose tissue degradation. More importantly, exosomes were shown to have potential as diagnostic markers or therapeutic strategies for cachexia and were prospected, providing novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ru
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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3
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Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza A, Cacicedo J, Castañeda-Babarro A. Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training in Patients With Breast Cancer (CaRTiC Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:161-168. [PMID: 38018533 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creatine supplementation is an effective ergogenic nutrient for athletes, as well as for people starting a health or fitness program. Resistance training has previously been identified as an important method of increasing muscle mass and strength, especially in people with cancer to avoid sarcopenia. The potential of creatine supplementation for adaptations produced by resistance training in patients with cancer is still unknown. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a supervised resistance training program intervention with and without creatine supplementation in patients with breast cancer. METHODS Is a multicentre, randomized, blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients will be randomly assigned to a control group and 2 experimental groups. The first training resistance group (RG) will perform resistance training, while the second experimental resistance-creatine group will perform the same resistance training as the RG and will also receive a 5 g/d creatine supplementation during the intervention. RG participants will follow the same daily dosing protocol, but in their case, with dextrose/maltodextrin. Resistance training will be a 16-week supervised workout that will consist of a series of resistance exercises (leg press, knee extension, knee bends, chest press, sit-ups, back extensions, pull-ups, and shoulder press) that involve the largest muscle groups, performed 3 times a week on nonconsecutive days. Both the RG and the resistance-creatine group will receive a supplement of soluble protein powder (20 to 30 g) daily. CONCLUSION This intervention will help to better understand the potential of nonpharmacological treatment for improving strength and well-being values in patients with breast cancer with and without creatine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Cacicedo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Group for Radiology and Physical Medicine in Oncology, Cruces University Hospital/Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Srivastava S, Mondal S, Rathor R, Srivastava S, Suryakumar G. Increased Expression of MiRNA-1 Contributes to Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Skeletal Muscle Loss. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300573. [PMID: 38149527 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the role of microRNA-1 in the regulation of skeletal muscle loss under hypobaric hypoxia (HH). Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10) weighing 230-250 g are divided into two groups, control and HH exposure for 7 days at 25 000 ft. After the hypoxia exposure, the animals are sacrificed and hindlimb skeletal muscles are excised for further analysis. Studies found the potential role of miR-1 (myomiR) as a biomarker under different atrophic conditions. Prolonged exposure to HH leads to enhanced expression of miR-1 in skeletal muscle as compared to unexposed controls. The Bioinformatics approach is used to identify the validated targets and the biological processes of miR-1. The target prediction tools identify PAX3 and HSP70 as major targets for miR-1. Exposure to HH significantly reduces PAX3 and HSP70 expression during 7 days of HH exposure, which further enhances the activity of FOXO3, MSTN, and ATROGIN known for the progression of skeletal muscle atrophy in relation to control rats. This study indicates the increased expressions of miR-1 and reduced expression of PAX3 and HSP70 lead to impaired myogenesis in skeletal muscle under HH. Further, enhanced expression of muscle degradation genes such as FOXO3, MSTN, and ATROGIN under HH exposure causes skeletal muscle protein loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Srivastava
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Samrita Mondal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Swati Srivastava
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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5
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Lukasiewicz CJ, Tranah GJ, Evans DS, Coen PM, Barnes HN, Huo Z, Esser KA, Lane NE, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Cummings SR, Cawthon PM, Hepple RT. Higher Expression of Denervation-responsive Genes is Negatively Associated with Muscle Volume and Performance Traits in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.04.23298090. [PMID: 37961531 PMCID: PMC10635277 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.04.23298090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
With aging skeletal muscle fibers undergo repeating cycles of denervation and reinnervation. In approximately the 8 th decade of life reinnervation no longer keeps pace, resulting in the accumulation of persistently denervated muscle fibers that in turn cause an acceleration of muscle dysfunction. The significance of denervation in important clinical outcomes with aging is poorly studied. The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) is a large cohort study with the primary objective to assess how aging muscle biology impacts clinically important traits. Using transcriptomics data from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in 575 participants we have selected 49 denervation-responsive genes to provide insights to the burden of denervation in SOMMA, to test the hypothesis that greater expression of denervation-responsive genes negatively associates with SOMMA participant traits that included time to walk 400 meters, fitness (VO 2peak ), maximal mitochondrial respiration, muscle mass and volume, and leg muscle strength and power. Consistent with our hypothesis, increased transcript levels of: a calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion glycoprotein (CDH15), acetylcholine receptor subunits (Chrna1, Chrnd, Chrne), a glycoprotein promoting reinnervation (NCAM1), a transcription factor regulating aspects of muscle organization (RUNX1), and a sodium channel (SCN5A) were each negatively associated with at least 3 of these traits. VO 2peak and maximal respiration had the strongest negative associations with 15 and 19 denervation-responsive genes, respectively. In conclusion, the abundance of denervation-responsive gene transcripts is a significant determinant of muscle and mobility outcomes in aging humans, supporting the imperative to identify new treatment strategies to restore innervation in advanced age.
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6
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Ni P, Yang L, Li F. Exercise-derived skeletal myogenic exosomes as mediators of intercellular crosstalk: a major player in health, disease, and exercise. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00969-x. [PMID: 37338658 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles that contain biological macromolecules such as RNAs and proteins. It plays an essential role in physiological and pathological processes as carrier of biologically active substances and new mediator of intercellular communication. It has been reported that myokines secreted by the skeletal muscle are wrapped in small vesicles (e.g., exosomes), secreted into the circulation, and then regulate the receptor cells. This review discussed the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, lipids, and other cargoes carried by skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SkMCs-Exs) on the body and their effects on pathological states, including injury atrophy, aging, and vascular porosis. We also discussed the role of exercise in regulating skeletal muscle-derived exosomes and its physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinshi Ni
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Fanghui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, China.
- Zhaoqing University, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
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7
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Capri M, Conte M, Ciurca E, Pirazzini C, Garagnani P, Santoro A, Longo F, Salvioli S, Lau P, Moeller R, Jordan J, Illig T, Villanueva MM, Gruber M, Bürkle A, Franceschi C, Rittweger J. Long-term human spaceflight and inflammaging: Does it promote aging? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101909. [PMID: 36918115 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Spaceflight and its associated stressors, such as microgravity, radiation exposure, confinement, circadian derailment and disruptive workloads represent an unprecedented type of exposome that is entirely novel from an evolutionary stand point. Within this perspective, we aimed to review the effects of prolonged spaceflight on immune-neuroendocrine systems, brain and brain-gut axis, cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal apparatus, highlighting in particular the similarities with an accelerated aging process. In particular, spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy/sarcopenia and bone loss, vascular and metabolic changes, hyper and hypo reaction of innate and adaptive immune system appear to be modifications shared with the aging process. Most of these modifications are mediated by molecular events that include oxidative and mitochondrial stress, autophagy, DNA damage repair and telomere length alteration, among others, which directly or indirectly converge on the activation of an inflammatory response. According to the inflammaging theory of aging, such an inflammatory response could be a driver of an acceleration of the normal, physiological rate of aging and it is likely that all the systemic modifications in turn lead to an increase of inflammaging in a sort of vicious cycle. The most updated countermeasures to fight these modifications will be also discussed in the light of their possible application not only for astronauts' benefit, but also for older adults on the ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Erika Ciurca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Longo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Lau
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria-Moreno Villanueva
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Markus Gruber
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, the Russian Federation
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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8
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Ni PS, Ma S, Wang ZZ, He JH, Zhang CK, Li BM, Yu XM, Li FH. Indirect regulation of HIPPO pathway by miRNA mediates high-intensity intermittent exercise to ameliorate aging skeletal muscle function. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:834-847. [PMID: 36789636 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced microRNA (miRNA) and HIPPO pathways participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity but their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on miRNA expression and the HIPPO pathway in the skeletal muscle of aging rats to determine its role in the amelioration of muscle aging. Thirty-six 18-month-old female rats were randomly divided into sedentary control (SED, n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 12), and HIIT (n = 12) groups, with continuous exercise for 8 months. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, KEGG enrichment, and dual-luciferase assays were performed on the target skeletal muscle. Compared with the SED group, the MICT and HIIT groups showed a significant trend of improvement in Lee's index and grip strength and a marked increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, apoptosis, antioxidant, and lipolysis-related protein expression. They also exhibited PI3K/AKT pathway activation and a decrease in expression of HIPPO pathway-related proteins; 20 miRNAs were differentially expressed and enriched in the exercise group compared with the SED group, including the HIPPO pathway and metabolic pathways. Further analysis of L6 cells confirmed that miR-182 may target PTEN, which indirectly regulates HIPPO signaling, but not Mob1. the combined application of HIIT and MICT increased the antioxidant and lipolytic capacities of skeletal muscle and improved atrophy of aging skeletal muscle; HIIT was more effective than MICT. This may be related to HIIT-mediated AKT pathway activation and HIPPO pathway inhibition by miRNAs (miR-486 and miR-182).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Shi Ni
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Ma
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhi Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Han He
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Kai Zhang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Ming Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,School of Sport Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
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9
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Uddin MH, Mohammad RM, Philip PA, Azmi AS, Muqbil I. Role of noncoding RNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma associated cachexia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1624-C1632. [PMID: 36280389 PMCID: PMC9722253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00424.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia is an acute syndrome that is very commonly observed in patients with cancer. Cachexia is the number one cause of death in patients with metastatic disease and is also the major factor for physical toxicity and financial burden. More importantly, the majority of patients with advanced-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cancer undergo cachexia. Pancreatic cancer causes deaths of ∼50,000 Americans and about 400,000 people worldwide every year. The high mortality rates in metastatic PDAC are due to systemic pathologies and cachexia, which quickens death in these patients. About 90% of all patients with PDAC undergo wasting of muscle causing mobility loss and leading to a number of additional pathological conditions. PDAC-associated cancer cachexia emanates from complex signaling cues involving both mechanical and biological signals. Tumor invasion is associated with the loss of pancreatic function-induced digestive disorders and malabsorption, which causes subsequent weight loss and eventually promotes cachexia. Besides, systemic inflammation of patients with PDAC could release chemical cues (e.g., cytokine-mediated Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression) that participate in muscle wasting. Our understanding of genes, proteins, and cytokines involved in promoting cancer cachexia has evolved considerably. However, the role of epigenetic factors, particularly the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating PDAC-associated cachexia is less studied. In this review article, the most updated knowledge on the various ncRNAs including microRNAs (miRs), long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs), piwi interacting RNAs (PiwiRNAs), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNA) and their roles in cancer cachexia are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Tech University, Southfield, Michigan
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10
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Kolodziej F, McDonagh B, Burns N, Goljanek-Whysall K. MicroRNAs as the Sentinels of Redox and Hypertrophic Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314716. [PMID: 36499053 PMCID: PMC9737617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with skeletal muscle function decline with ageing or disease or inadequate exercise and/or poor diet. Paradoxically, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines are key for mounting the muscular and systemic adaptive responses to endurance and resistance exercise. Both ageing and lifestyle-related metabolic dysfunction are strongly linked to exercise redox and hypertrophic insensitivity. The adaptive inability and consequent exercise intolerance may discourage people from physical training resulting in a vicious cycle of under-exercising, energy surplus, chronic mitochondrial stress, accelerated functional decline and increased susceptibility to serious diseases. Skeletal muscles are malleable and dynamic organs, rewiring their metabolism depending on the metabolic or mechanical stress resulting in a specific phenotype. Endogenous RNA silencing molecules, microRNAs, are regulators of these metabolic/phenotypic shifts in skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscle microRNA profiles at baseline and in response to exercise have been observed to differ between adult and older people, as well as trained vs. sedentary individuals. Likewise, the circulating microRNA blueprint varies based on age and training status. Therefore, microRNAs emerge as key regulators of metabolic health/capacity and hormetic adaptability. In this narrative review, we summarise the literature exploring the links between microRNAs and skeletal muscle, as well as systemic adaptation to exercise. We expand a mathematical model of microRNA burst during adaptation to exercise through supporting data from the literature. We describe a potential link between the microRNA-dependent regulation of redox-signalling sensitivity and the ability to mount a hypertrophic response to exercise or nutritional cues. We propose a hypothetical model of endurance exercise-induced microRNA "memory cloud" responsible for establishing a landscape conducive to aerobic as well as anabolic adaptation. We suggest that regular aerobic exercise, complimented by a healthy diet, in addition to promoting mitochondrial health and hypertrophic/insulin sensitivity, may also suppress the glycolytic phenotype and mTOR signalling through miRNAs which in turn promote systemic metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kolodziej
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, CMNHS, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, CMNHS, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicole Burns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, CMNHS, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, CMNHS, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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11
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Functional Nutrients to Ameliorate Neurogenic Muscle Atrophy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111149. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that occurs from nerve trauma in association with diseases or during aging, leading to reduced interaction between motoneurons and skeletal fibers. Current therapeutic approaches aiming at preserving muscle mass in a scenario of decreased nervous input include physical activity and employment of drugs that slow down the progression of the condition yet provide no concrete resolution. Nutritional support appears as a precious tool, adding to the success of personalized medicine, and could thus play a relevant part in mitigating neurogenic muscle atrophy. We herein summarize the molecular pathways triggered by denervation of the skeletal muscle that could be affected by functional nutrients. In this narrative review, we examine and discuss studies pertaining to the use of functional ingredients to counteract neurogenic muscle atrophy, focusing on their preventive or curative means of action within the skeletal muscle. We reviewed experimental models of denervation in rodents and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as that caused by aging, considering the knowledge generated with use of animal experimental models and, also, from human studies.
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12
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Yu YC, Ahmed A, Lai HC, Cheng WC, Yang JC, Chang WC, Chen LM, Shan YS, Ma WL. Review of the endocrine organ-like tumor hypothesis of cancer cachexia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1057930. [PMID: 36465353 PMCID: PMC9713001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1057930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of solid tumors, associated with a high prevalence of cachexia (~80%). PDAC-derived cachexia (PDAC-CC) is a systemic disease involving the complex interplay between the tumor and multiple organs. The endocrine organ-like tumor (EOLT) hypothesis may explain the systemic crosstalk underlying the deleterious homeostatic shifts that occur in PDAC-CC. Several studies have reported a markedly heterogeneous collection of cachectic mediators, signaling mechanisms, and metabolic pathways, including exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hormonal disturbance, pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, digestive and tumor-derived factors, and PDAC progression. The complexities of PDAC-CC necessitate a careful review of recent literature summarizing cachectic mediators, corresponding metabolic functions, and the collateral impacts on wasting organs. The EOLT hypothesis suggests that metabolites, genetic instability, and epigenetic changes (microRNAs) are involved in cachexia development. Both tumors and host tissues can secrete multiple cachectic factors (beyond only inflammatory mediators). Some regulatory molecules, metabolites, and microRNAs are tissue-specific, resulting in insufficient energy production to support tumor/cachexia development. Due to these complexities, changes in a single factor can trigger bi-directional feedback circuits that exacerbate PDAC and result in the development of irreversible cachexia. We provide an integrated review based on 267 papers and 20 clinical trials from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov database proposed under the EOLT hypothesis that may provide a fundamental understanding of cachexia development and response to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Azaj Ahmed
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Chern Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Min Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chen Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Fu W, Kadeer G, He Y, Feng Y. The regulatory network of potential transcription factors and MiRNAs of mitochondria-related genes for sarcopenia. Front Genet 2022; 13:975886. [PMID: 36171891 PMCID: PMC9510666 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.975886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant contributor to sarcopenia, but the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: In the present study, we downloaded GSE117525 and GSE8479 datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), then the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct scale-free co-expression networks respectively. The key genes of aging muscle were obtained by overlapping key modules of two networks. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to explore the diagnostic efficacy of key genes. Finally, a transcription factor-key gene network was constructed based on ChEA3 platform and hTFtarget database, and a miRNA-key gene network was constructed using starBase and the multimiR R package. Results: The most positively or negatively correlated modules of the two datasets were identified, and genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were identified as key genes. The diagnostic values were confirmed with ROC curves by self-verification (GSE117525 and GSE8479) and external verification (GSE47881). Then, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) was identified as the most important transcription factor of the transcription factor-key gene network. In addition, miRNAs related to key genes were also predicted. Conclusion: The findings of the present study provide a novel insight into the pathological mechanism of sarcopenia.
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14
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Three Pathways of Cancer Cachexia: Inflammation, Changes in Adipose Tissue and Loss of Muscle Mass—The Role of miRNAs. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091438. [PMID: 36143223 PMCID: PMC9500979 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, in 2018, cancers, along with over 18 million new cases and over 9.5 million deaths remained one of the main causes of mortality globally. Cancer-cachexia, also called wasting syndrome is a complex, multifactorial disorder characterized by progressive skeletal muscle mass loss, with or without adipose tissue atrophy. It is considered as a state of cancer-related malnutrition (CRM) accompanied by inflammation, that is irreversible despite the introduction of nutritional support. Indication of markers of pre-cachectic state seems to be urgently needed. Moreover, such markers have also potential to be used in the assessment of the effects of anti-cachexia treatment, and prognosis. miRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that are about 20–30 nucleotides long. Single miRNA has the potential to control from few dozen to several hundred different genes. Despite the fact, that the number of miRNAs keep growing. we are making steady progress in establishing regulatory targets and their physiological levels. In this review we described the current knowledge on the impact of miRNAs on processes involved in cancer cachexia development: inflammation, adipose tissue remodelling, and loss of muscle mass both in animal models and the human cohorts. The available studies suggest that miRNAs, due to their properties, e.g., the possibility of regulating even hundreds of different genes, signalling pathways, and biological processes by one molecule, but also due their stability in biological material, the fact, that the change in their level reflects the disease status or the response to the applied treatment, they have great potential to be used as valuable biomarkers in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer cachexia.
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15
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Identification of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Denervated Muscular Atrophy by Bioinformatic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6042591. [PMID: 35800215 PMCID: PMC9256438 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6042591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy caused by long-term denervation leads to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, resulting in a poor recovery of functional muscles and decreasing quality of life. Increasing differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of denervated muscle atrophy. However, there is still insufficient evidence to explain the role of miRNAs and their target genes in skeletal muscle atrophy. Therefore, an integrative exploration of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in denervated muscle atrophy is necessary. A total of 21 (16 upregulated and 5 downregulated) DEMs were screened out in the GSE81914 dataset. Med1, Myod1, Nfkb1, Rela, and Camta1 were predicted and verified to be significantly upregulated in denervated muscle atrophy, from which 6 key TF-miRNA relationship pairs, including Med1-mir-1949, Med1-mir-146b, Myod1-mir-29b, Nfkb1-mir-21, Rela-mir-21, and Camta1-mir-132, were obtained. 60 target genes were then predicted by submitting candidate DEMs to the miRNet database. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that target genes of DEMs were mainly enriched in the apoptotic process and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Through the PPI network construction, key modules and hub genes were obtained and potentially modulated by mir-29b, mir-132, and mir-133a. According to the qRT-PCR results, the expression of COL1A1 and Ctgf is opposite to their related miRNAs in denervated muscle atrophy. In the study, a potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was firstly constructed in denervated muscle atrophy, in which the mir-29b-COL1A1 and mir-133a-Ctgf pathways may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment.
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16
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Chang SY, Han SZ, Choe HM, Gao K, Jin ZY, Liu XY, Yang LH, Lv ST, Yin XJ, Quan LH, Kang JD. miR-320 regulates myogenesis by targeting growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 and ameliorates myotubes atrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106212. [PMID: 35439649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass can lead to diseases such as sarcopenia, diabetes, and obesity, which can worsen the quality of life and increase the incidence of disease. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying skeletal muscle differentiation is vital to prevent muscle diseases. We previously found that microRNA-320 (miR-320) is highly expressed in the lean muscle-type pigs, but its regulatory role in myogenesis remains unclear. The bioinformatics prediction indicated that miR-320 could bind to the 3 'untranslated region of growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (Grb2). We hypothesized that miR-320 targets Grb2 to regulate myoblasts differentiation. To verify this, we transfected miR-320 mimic and inhibitor into C2C12 myoblasts to assess the role of miR-320 during myoblasts differentiation. We used real-time qPCR, luciferase reporter assays, and western blotting to confirm that miR-320 directly targets Grb2 to promote myoblasts differentiation. Moreover, by using a dexamethasone-induced atrophic model of myotubes, we discovered that miR-320 promotes the repair of damaged myotubes. Our findings expand understanding of miRNAs and genes related to regulating skeletal muscle differentiation, and provide insight into underlying therapeutic strategies for muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Yan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Hak-Myong Choe
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Liu-Hui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Si-Tong Lv
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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17
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Li X, Du L, Liu Q, Lu Z. MicroRNAs: Novel players in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cachexia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:446. [PMID: 35720622 PMCID: PMC9199081 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia denotes a complex metabolic syndrome featuring severe loss of weight, fatigue and anorexia. In total, 50-80% of patients suffering from advanced cancer are diagnosed with cancer cachexia, which contributes to 40% of cancer-associated mortalities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs capable of regulating gene expression. Dysregulated miRNA expression has been observed in muscle tissue, adipose tissue and blood samples from patients with cancer cachexia compared with that of samples from patients with cancer without cachexia or healthy controls. In addition, miRNAs promote and maintain the malignant state of systemic inflammation, while inflammation contributes to cancer cachexia. The present review discusses the role of miRNAs in the progression of cancer cachexia, and assess their diagnostic value and potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Lidong Du
- Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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18
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Galindo CL, Nguyen VT, Hill B, Easterday E, Cleator JH, Sawyer DB. Neuregulin (NRG-1β) Is Pro-Myogenic and Anti-Cachectic in Respiratory Muscles of Post-Myocardial Infarcted Swine. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:682. [PMID: 35625411 PMCID: PMC9137990 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) is a growth and differentiation factor with pleiotropic systemic effects. Because NRG-1β has therapeutic potential for heart failure and has known growth effects in skeletal muscle, we hypothesized that it might affect heart failure-associated cachexia, a severe co-morbidity characterized by a loss of muscle mass. We therefore assessed NRG-1β's effect on intercostal skeletal muscle gene expression in a swine model of heart failure using recombinant glial growth factor 2 (USAN-cimaglermin alfa), a version of NRG-1β that has been tested in humans with systolic heart failure. Animals received one of two intravenous doses (0.67 or 2 mg/kg) of NRG-1β bi-weekly for 4 weeks, beginning one week after infarct. Based on paired-end RNA sequencing, NRG-1β treatment altered the intercostal muscle gene expression of 581 transcripts, including genes required for myofiber growth, maintenance and survival, such as MYH3, MYHC, MYL6B, KY and HES1. Importantly, NRG-1β altered the directionality of at least 85 genes associated with cachexia, including myostatin, which negatively regulates myoblast differentiation by down-regulating MyoD expression. Consistent with this, MyoD was increased in NRG-1β-treated animals. In vitro experiments with myoblast cell lines confirmed that NRG-1β induces ERBB-dependent differentiation. These findings suggest a NRG-1β-mediated anti-atrophic, anti-cachexia effect that may provide additional benefits to this potential therapy in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristi L. Galindo
- Department of Biology, Ogden College of Science & Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (V.T.N.); (B.H.); (E.E.)
| | - Van Thuan Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Ogden College of Science & Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (V.T.N.); (B.H.); (E.E.)
| | - Braxton Hill
- Department of Biology, Ogden College of Science & Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (V.T.N.); (B.H.); (E.E.)
| | - Ethan Easterday
- Department of Biology, Ogden College of Science & Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (V.T.N.); (B.H.); (E.E.)
| | - John H. Cleator
- Centennial Heart at Skyline, 3443 Dickerson Pike, Suite 430, Nashville, TN 37207, USA;
| | - Douglas B. Sawyer
- Department of Cardiac Services, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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19
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Buchanan SR, Miller RM, Nguyen M, Black CD, Kellawan JM, Bemben MG, Bemben DA. Circulating microRNA responses to acute whole-body vibration and resistance exercise in postmenopausal women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1038371. [PMID: 36440217 PMCID: PMC9692005 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1038371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating alterations in circulating microRNA (c-miRNA) expression may provide deeper insight into the role of exercise in the attenuation of the negative effects of aging on musculoskeletal health. Currently, there are sparse data on c-miRNA responses to acute exercise in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of acute bouts of resistance exercise and whole-body vibration on expression of selected c-miRNAs in postmenopausal women aged 65-76 years (n=10). We also examined relationships between c-miRNAs and muscle strength and bone characteristics. This randomized crossover design study compared c-miRNA responses to a bout of resistance exercise (RE) (3 sets 10 reps 70% 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 5 exercises) and a bout of whole-body vibration (WBV) (5 sets 1 min bouts 20Hz 3.38mm peak to peak displacement, Vibraflex vibration platform). DXA was used to measure body composition and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of the total body, AP lumbar spine, and dual proximal femur. pQCT was used to measure tibia bone characteristics (4%, 38%, 66% sites). Blood samples were collected before exercise (Pre), immediately-post (IP), 60 minutes post (60P), 24 hours (24H), and 48 hours (48H) after exercise to measure serum miR-21-5p, -23a-3p, -133a-3p, -148a-3p (qPCR) and TRAP5b (ELISA). There was a significant modality × time interaction for c-miR-21-5p expression (p=0.019), which decreased from 60P to 24H after WBV only. TRAP5b serum concentrations significantly increased IP then decreased below Pre at 24H for both WBV and RE (p<0.01). Absolute changes in TRAP5b were negatively correlated with c-miR-21-5p fold changes (r= -0.642 to -0.724, p<0.05) for both exercise modalities. There were significant negative correlations between baseline c-miRNAs and bone status variables (r= -0.639 to -0.877, p<0.05). Our findings suggest that whole-body vibration is a sufficient mechanical stimulus for altering c-miR-21-5p expression, whereas a high intensity resistance exercise protocol did not elicit any c-miRNA responses in postmenopausal women. Increases in the bone resorption marker, TRAP5b, were associated with greater downregulation of c-miR-21-5p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Buchanan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Samuel R. Buchanan,
| | - Ryan M. Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Michelle Nguyen
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Christopher D. Black
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - J. Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Michael G. Bemben
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Debra A. Bemben
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
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20
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Jiang Y, Ghias K, Gupta S, Gupta A. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Exercise-Based Cancer Rehabilitation in Cancer Survivors. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1439. [PMID: 34947970 PMCID: PMC8707107 DOI: 10.3390/life11121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely investigated in cancer treatment-induced complications and as a response to physical activity, respectively, but few studies focus on the application of miRNAs as biomarkers in exercise-based cancer rehabilitation. Research has shown that certain miRNA expression is altered substantially due to tissue damage caused by cancer treatment and chronic inflammation. MiRNAs are released from the damaged tissue and can be easily detected in blood plasma. Levels of the miRNA present in peripheral circulation can therefore be used to measure the extent of tissue damage. Moreover, damage to tissues such as cardiac and skeletal muscle significantly affects the individual's health-related fitness, which can be determined using physiologic functional assessments. These physiologic parameters are a measure of tissue health and function and can therefore be correlated with the levels of circulating miRNAs. In this paper, we reviewed miRNAs whose expression is altered during cancer treatment and may correlate to physiological, physical, and psychological changes that significantly impact the quality of life of cancer survivors and their role in response to physical activity. We aim to identify potential miRNAs that can not only be used for monitoring changes that occur in health-related fitness during cancer treatment but can also be used to evaluate response to exercise-based rehabilitation and monitor individual progress through the rehabilitation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ananya Gupta
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (Y.J.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
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21
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Decreased miR-497-5p Suppresses IL-6 Induced Atrophy in Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123527. [PMID: 34944037 PMCID: PMC8700610 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. The control of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) in muscle wasting involves the regulation of thousands of target transcripts. However, the miRNA-target networks associated with IL6-induced muscle atrophy remain to be characterized. Here, we show that IL-6 promotes the atrophy of C2C12 myotubes and changes the expression of 20 miRNAs (5 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated). Gene Ontology analysis of predicted miRNAs targets revealed post-transcriptional regulation of genes involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and catabolic processes. Next, we performed a meta-analysis of miRNA-published data that identified miR-497-5p, a down-regulated miRNAs induced by IL-6, also down-regulated in other muscle-wasting conditions. We used miR-497-5p mimics and inhibitors to explore the function of miR-497-5p in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. We found that miR-497-5p can regulate the expression of the cell cycle genes CcnD2 and CcnE1 without affecting the rate of myoblast cellular proliferation. Notably, miR-497-5p mimics induced myotube atrophy and reduced Insr expression. Treatment with miR-497-5p inhibitors did not change the diameter of the myotubes but increased the expression of its target genes Insr and Igf1r. These genes are known to regulate skeletal muscle regeneration and hypertrophy via insulin-like growth factor pathway and were up-regulated in cachectic muscle samples. Our miRNA-regulated network analysis revealed a potential role for miR-497-5p during IL6-induced muscle cell atrophy and suggests that miR-497-5p is likely involved in a compensatory mechanism of muscle atrophy in response to IL-6.
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22
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Liu Q, Deng J, Qiu Y, Gao J, Li J, Guan L, Lee H, Zhou Q, Xiao J. Non-coding RNA basis of muscle atrophy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1066-1078. [PMID: 34786211 PMCID: PMC8569427 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a common complication of many chronic diseases including heart failure, cancer cachexia, aging, etc. Unhealthy habits and usage of hormones such as dexamethasone can also lead to muscle atrophy. However, the underlying mechanisms of muscle atrophy are not completely understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play vital roles in muscle atrophy. This review mainly discusses the regulation of ncRNAs in muscle atrophy induced by various factors such as heart failure, cancer cachexia, aging, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral nerve injury (PNI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), unhealthy habits, and usage of hormones; highlights the findings of ncRNAs as common regulators in multiple types of muscle atrophy; and summarizes current therapies and underlying mechanisms for muscle atrophy. This review will deepen the understanding of skeletal muscle biology and provide new strategies and insights into gene therapy for muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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23
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Xie K, Xiong H, Xiao W, Xiong Z, Hu W, Ye J, Xu N, Shi J, Yuan C, Chen Z, Miao D, Zhang X, Yang H. Downregulation of miR-29c promotes muscle wasting by modulating the activity of leukemia inhibitory factor in lung cancer cachexia. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:627. [PMID: 34838029 PMCID: PMC8626920 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a wasting disorder characterized by significant weight loss, and is attributed to skeletal muscle weakness. In the process of cancer development, microRNAs act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Moreover, they are implicated in muscle development and wasting. This study sought to explore the mechanisms and correlation between miR-29c and muscle wasting in lung cancer cachexia. METHODS Data for expression analysis were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. qRT-PCR analyses were performed to explore the expression levels of miR-29c and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell line was used to establish a cachexia model to explore the functions of miR-29c and LIF in lung cancer cachexia. Furthermore, in vitro (in C2C12 myotubes) and in vivo (in LLC tumor-bearing mice) experiments were performed to explore the mechanisms of miR-29c and LIF in lung cachexia. RESULTS Analysis of the lung cancer cachexia model showed that miR-29c was down-regulated, and its expression was negatively correlated with muscle catabolic activity. Overexpression of miR-29c mitigated the cachectic phenotype. Mechanistic studies showed that LIF was a direct target gene of miR-29c, and LIF was upregulated in vitro and in vivo. Analysis showed that LIF promoted muscle wasting through the JAK/STAT and MAP-kinase pathways. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that miR-29c was negatively correlated with the cachectic phenotype, and the miR-29c-LIF axis is a potential therapeutic target for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairu Xie
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China. .,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hairong Xiong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaxin Ye
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changfei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixian Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daojia Miao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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24
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Srivastava S, Rathor R, Singh SN, Suryakumar G. Emerging role of MyomiRs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in skeletal muscle diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C859-C875. [PMID: 34586896 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00057.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several chronic diseases lead to skeletal muscle loss and a decline in physical performance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs, which have exhibited their role in the development and diseased state of the skeletal muscle. miRNA regulates gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of its target mRNA. Due to the robust stability in biological fluids, miRNAs are ideal candidate as biomarker. These miRNAs provide a novel avenue in strengthening our awareness and knowledge about the factors governing skeletal muscle functions such as development, growth, metabolism, differentiation, and cell proliferation. It also helps in understanding the therapeutic strategies in improving or conserving skeletal muscle health. This review outlines the evidence regarding the present knowledge on the role miRNA as a potential biomarker in skeletal muscle diseases and their exploration might be a unique and potential therapeutic strategy for various skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
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25
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Dicer-mediated miRNA processing is not involved in controlling muscle mass during muscle atrophy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19361. [PMID: 34588544 PMCID: PMC8481297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy occurs in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Specific molecular networks that govern protein synthesis and degradation play important roles in controlling muscle mass under diverse catabolic states. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were previously found to be regulators of protein synthesis and degradation, and their expressions in skeletal muscle were altered in muscle wasting conditions. However, functional roles of miRNAs in muscle atrophy are poorly understood. In this study, we generated tamoxifen-inducible Dicer knockout (iDicer KO) mice and subjected them to 2 weeks of single hindlimb denervation. The expression of Dicer mRNA was significantly reduced in muscle of the iDicer KO mice compared to that of WT mice. The loss of Dicer moderately reduced levels of muscle-enriched miRNAs, miR-1, miR-133a and miR-206 in both innervated and denervated muscles of the iDicer KO mice. We also found that the extent of denervation-induced muscle atrophy as well as changes of signaling molecules related to protein synthesis/degradation pathways in the iDicer KO mice were comparable to these in WT mice. Taken together, Dicer knockout in adult skeletal muscle did not affect denervation-induced muscle atrophy.
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26
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Cannataro R, Carbone L, Petro JL, Cione E, Vargas S, Angulo H, Forero DA, Odriozola-Martínez A, Kreider RB, Bonilla DA. Sarcopenia: Etiology, Nutritional Approaches, and miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9724. [PMID: 34575884 PMCID: PMC8466275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, dramatically affects the quality of life. Although there is a consensus that sarcopenia is a multifactorial syndrome, the etiology and underlying mechanisms are not yet delineated. Moreover, research about nutritional interventions to prevent the development of sarcopenia is mainly focused on the amount and quality of protein intake. The impact of several nutrition strategies that consider timing of food intake, anti-inflammatory nutrients, metabolic control, and the role of mitochondrial function on the progression of sarcopenia is not fully understood. This narrative review summarizes the metabolic background of this phenomenon and proposes an integral nutritional approach (including dietary supplements such as creatine monohydrate) to target potential molecular pathways that may affect reduce or ameliorate the adverse effects of sarcopenia. Lastly, miRNAs, in particular those produced by skeletal muscle (MyomiR), might represent a valid tool to evaluate sarcopenia progression as a potential rapid and early biomarker for diagnosis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Leandro Carbone
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Salvador, Buenos Aires 1020, Argentina
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Salvador Vargas
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain
| | - Heidy Angulo
- Grupo de Investigación Programa de Medicina (GINUMED), Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena 130001, Colombia;
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Adrián Odriozola-Martínez
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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27
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Belli R, Ferraro E, Molfino A, Carletti R, Tambaro F, Costelli P, Muscaritoli M. Liquid Biopsy for Cancer Cachexia: Focus on Muscle-Derived microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169007. [PMID: 34445710 PMCID: PMC8396502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia displays a complex nature in which systemic inflammation, impaired energy metabolism, loss of muscle and adipose tissues result in unintentional body weight loss. Cachectic patients have a poor prognosis and the presence of cachexia reduces the tolerability of chemo/radio-therapy treatments and it is frequently the primary cause of death in advanced cancer patients. Early detection of this condition could make treatments more effective. However, early diagnostic biomarkers of cachexia are currently lacking. In recent years, although solid biopsy still remains the "gold standard" for diagnosis of cancer, liquid biopsy is gaining increasing interest as a source of easily accessible potential biomarkers. Moreover, the growing interest in circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), has made these molecules attractive for the diagnosis of several diseases, including cancer. Some muscle-derived circulating miRNA might play a pivotal role in the onset/progression of cancer cachexia. This topic is of great interest since circulating miRNAs might be easily detectable by means of liquid biopsies and might allow an early diagnosis of this syndrome. We here summarize the current knowledge on circulating muscular miRNAs involved in muscle atrophy, since they might represent easily accessible and promising biomarkers of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Belli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.M.); Tel./Fax: +390-649-972-020 (M.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Federica Tambaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.M.); Tel./Fax: +390-649-972-020 (M.M.)
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28
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Peris-Moreno D, Malige M, Claustre A, Armani A, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Deval C, Béchet D, Fafournoux P, Sandri M, Combaret L, Taillandier D, Polge C. UBE2L3, a Partner of MuRF1/TRIM63, Is Involved in the Degradation of Myofibrillar Actin and Myosin. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081974. [PMID: 34440743 PMCID: PMC8392593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main player of skeletal muscle wasting, a common characteristic of many diseases (cancer, etc.) that negatively impacts treatment and life prognosis. Within the UPS, the E3 ligase MuRF1/TRIM63 targets for degradation several myofibrillar proteins, including the main contractile proteins alpha-actin and myosin heavy chain (MHC). We previously identified five E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes interacting with MuRF1, including UBE2L3/UbcH7, that exhibited a high affinity for MuRF1 (KD = 50 nM). Here, we report a main effect of UBE2L3 on alpha-actin and MHC degradation in catabolic C2C12 myotubes. Consistently UBE2L3 knockdown in Tibialis anterior induced hypertrophy in dexamethasone (Dex)-treated mice, whereas overexpression worsened the muscle atrophy of Dex-treated mice. Using combined interactomic approaches, we also characterized the interactions between MuRF1 and its substrates alpha-actin and MHC and found that MuRF1 preferentially binds to filamentous F-actin (KD = 46.7 nM) over monomeric G-actin (KD = 450 nM). By contrast with actin that did not alter MuRF1–UBE2L3 affinity, binding of MHC to MuRF1 (KD = 8 nM) impeded UBE2L3 binding, suggesting that differential interactions prevail with MuRF1 depending on both the substrate and the E2. Our data suggest that UBE2L3 regulates contractile proteins levels and skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Peris-Moreno
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Mélodie Malige
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Agnès Claustre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padova, Italy; (A.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Christiane Deval
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniel Béchet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padova, Italy; (A.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniel Taillandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Cécile Polge
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Gu X, Jin B, Qi Z, Yin X. Identification of potential microRNAs and KEGG pathways in denervation muscle atrophy based on meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13560. [PMID: 34193880 PMCID: PMC8245453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of muscle atrophy has been studied a lot, but there is no comprehensive analysis focusing on the denervated muscle atrophy. The gene network that controls the development of denervated muscle atrophy needs further elucidation. We examined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from five denervated muscle atrophy microarray datasets and predicted microRNAs that target these DEGs. We also included the differentially expressed microRNAs datasets of denervated muscle atrophy in previous studies as background information to identify potential key microRNAs. Finally, we compared denervated muscle atrophy with disuse muscle atrophy caused by other reasons, and obtained the Den-genes which only differentially expressed in denervated muscle atrophy. In this meta-analysis, we obtained 429 up-regulated genes, 525 down-regulated genes and a batch of key microRNAs in denervated muscle atrophy. We found eight important microRNA-mRNA interactions (miR-1/Jun, miR-1/Vegfa, miR-497/Vegfa, miR-23a/Vegfa, miR-206/Vegfa, miR-497/Suclg1, miR-27a/Suclg1, miR-27a/Mapk14). The top five KEGG pathways enriched by Den-genes are Insulin signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and B cell receptor signaling pathway. Our research has delineated the RNA regulatory network of denervated muscle atrophy, and uncovered the specific genes and terms in denervated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhidan Qi
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100044, China.
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30
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Abstract
MicroRNAs orchestrate the tight regulation of numerous cellular processes and the deregulation in their activities has been implicated in many diseases, including diabetes and cancer. There is an increasing amount of epidemiological evidence associating diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus, to an elevated risk of various cancer types, including breast cancer. However, little is yet known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and even less about the role miRNAs play in driving the tumorigenic potential of the cell signaling underlying diabetes pathogenesis. This article reviews the role of miRNA in bridging the diabetes–breast cancer association by discussing specific miRNAs that are implicated in diabetes and breast cancer and highlighting the overlap between the disease-specific regulatory miRNA networks to identify a 20-miRNA signature that is common to both diseases. Potential therapeutic targeting of these molecular players may help to alleviate the socioeconomic burden on public health that is imposed by the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)–breast cancer association.
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31
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Zhou X, Hu S, Zhang Y, Du G, Li Y. The mechanism by which noncoding RNAs regulate muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 4:136-147. [PMID: 35694153 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a complex metabolic syndrome that accelerates muscle wasting and affects up to 80% of patients with cancer; however, timely diagnostic methods and effective cures are lacking. Although a considerable number of studies have focused on the mechanism of CC-induced muscle atrophy, few novel therapies have been applied in the last decade. In recent years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have attracted great attention as many differentially expressed ncRNAs in cancer cachectic muscles have been reported to participate in the inhibition of myogenesis and activation of proteolysis. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which function as ncRNA carriers in intercellular communication, are closely involved in changing ncRNA expression profiles in muscle and promoting the development of muscle wasting; thus, EV-related ncRNAs may represent potential therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively describes the process of ncRNA transmission through EVs and summarizes the pathways and targets of ncRNAs that lead to CC-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shoushan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guannan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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32
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Li J, Yang T, Sha Z, Tang H, Hua X, Wang L, Wang Z, Gao Z, Sluijter JPG, Rowe GC, Das S, Yang L, Xiao J. Angiotensin II-induced muscle atrophy via PPARγ suppression is mediated by miR-29b. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 23:743-756. [PMID: 33614226 PMCID: PMC7868689 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) induced by increased angiotensin II (AngII) levels has been implicated in muscle atrophy, which is involved in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation can suppress RAS, the exact role of PPARγ in AngII-induced muscle atrophy is unclear. Here we identified PPARγ as a negative regulator of miR-29b, a microRNA that is able to promote multiple types of muscle atrophy. Suppression of miR-29b could prevent AngII-induced muscle atrophy both in vitro and in vivo. IGF1, PI3K(p85α), and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) were identified as target genes of miR-29b, and overexpression of these targets could rescue AngII-induced muscle atrophy. Importantly, inhibition of PPARγ was sufficient to induce muscle atrophy, while PPARγ overexpression could attenuate that. These data indicate that the PPARγ/miR-29b axis mediates AngII-induced muscle atrophy, and increasing PPARγ or inhibiting miR-29b represents a promising approach to counteract AngII-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhao Sha
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haifei Tang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuejiao Hua
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ziyu Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508GA, the Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508GA, the Netherlands
| | - Glenn C Rowe
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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33
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Li Y, Shi H, Chen R, Zhou S, Lei S, She Y. Role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in dexamethasone-induced myotube atrophy in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 33456513 PMCID: PMC7791919 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a well-known adverse effect of long-term glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in a number of physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of GC-treated muscle atrophy remains poorly understood. In the current study, muscular atrophy was induced and the results indicated that C2C12 myotubes were thinner than normal, while the expression of muscle ring finger protein 1 and Atrogin-1 was increased. The expression of nine miRNAs and seven lncRNAs associated with proliferation and differentiation were analyzed in a dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy cell model. In addition, the mRNA expression of the downstream targets of lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between DEX-treated and control cells were determined. The results indicated that the expression of miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206 and five lncRNAs (increased Atrolnc-1, Dum, MAR1, linc-MD1 and decreased Myolinc) were significantly different between the DEX and the control group. Furthermore, the relative mRNA expression of Wnt5a and MyoD was significantly different between the two groups. The results of the current study indicated that some important miRNAs and lncRNAs are associated with DEX-induced muscle atrophy and have the potential to be further developed as a diagnostic tool for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Huacai Shi
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Shanyao Zhou
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Si Lei
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Yanling She
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
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Dai J, Xiang Y, Fu D, Xu L, Jiang J, Xu J. Ficus carica L. Attenuates Denervated Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via PPARα/NF-κB Pathway. Front Physiol 2020; 11:580223. [PMID: 33343385 PMCID: PMC7744683 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for denervated skeletal muscle atrophy are limited, in part because the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Unlike previous transcriptomics studies conducted in rodent models of peripheral nerve injury, in the present study, we performed high-throughput sequencing with denervated atrophic biceps muscle and normal (non-denervated) sternocleidomastoid muscle samples obtained from four brachial plexus injury (BPI) patients. We also investigated whether Ficus carica L. (FCL.) extract can suppress denervated muscle atrophy in a mouse model, along with the mechanism of action. We identified 1471 genes that were differentially expressed between clinical specimens of atrophic and normal muscle, including 771 that were downregulated and 700 that were upregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the GO terms “structural constituent of muscle,” “Z disc,” “M band,” and “striated muscle contraction,” as well as “Cell adhesion molecules,” “Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis,” “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) signaling pathway,” and “P53 signaling pathway.” In experiments using mice, the reduction in wet weight and myofiber diameter in denervated muscle was improved by FCL. extract compared to saline administration, which was accompanied by downregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Moreover, although both denervated groups showed increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and PPARα expression, the degree of NF-κB activation was lower while PPARα and inhibitor of NF-κB IκBα expression was higher in FCL. extract-treated mice. Thus, FCL. extract suppresses denervation-induced inflammation and attenuates muscle atrophy by enhancing PPARα expression and inhibiting NF-κB activation. These findings suggest that FCL. extract has therapeutic potential for preventing denervation-induced muscle atrophy caused by peripheral nerve injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Dai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoxian Xiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjian Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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35
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He Q, Zou T, Chen J, Jian L, He J, Xia Y, Xie F, Wang Z, You J. Maternal Methyl-Donor Micronutrient Supplementation During Pregnancy Promotes Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Maturity in Newborn and Weaning Pigs. Front Nutr 2020; 7:609022. [PMID: 33330599 PMCID: PMC7734050 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.609022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate maternal methyl-donor micronutrient (MET) intake is an important determinant of the organ development and metabolic renovation of offspring. The mechanism involved in skeletal myogenesis and the effect of MET supplementation during pregnancy on the maternal body remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of methyl donor micronutrients (MET) on skeletal muscle development and metabolism in offspring using pig models. Forty-three Duroc × Erhualian gilts were assigned to two dietary groups during gestation: control diet (CON) and CON diet supplemented with MET (folic acid, methionine, choline, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12). The results showed that maternal MET exposure during pregnancy significantly increased the concentrations of protein, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) in colostrum and methyl metabolites, including S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH), 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), and betaine, in the maternal and offspring umbilical vein serum. A similar pattern was demonstrated in the body weight gain and myofiber diameters in offspring. In addition, maternal MET supplementation significantly increased the concentration of offspring serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), T3, and T4; upregulated the mRNA expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1r) and the phosphorylation level of protein kinases in offspring longissimus dorsi muscle; and upregulated the expression of myogenic genes and fast myosin heavy chain (fast MyHC) in offspring skeletal muscle. Supplementing sows with higher levels of MET during gestation may promote skeletal muscle differentiation and maturity and improve the skeletal muscle mass of the piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiande Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Jian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinming You
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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36
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Marceca GP, Nigita G, Calore F, Croce CM. MicroRNAs in Skeletal Muscle and Hints on Their Potential Role in Muscle Wasting During Cancer Cachexia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:607196. [PMID: 33330108 PMCID: PMC7732629 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia is a heterogeneous, multifactorial syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation, unintentional weight loss, and profound alteration in body composition. The main feature of cancer cachexia is represented by the loss of skeletal muscle tissue, which may or may not be accompanied by significant adipose tissue wasting. Such phenotypic alteration occurs as the result of concomitant increased myofibril breakdown and reduced muscle protein synthesis, actively contributing to fatigue, worsening of quality of life, and refractoriness to chemotherapy. According to the classical view, this condition is primarily triggered by interactions between specific tumor-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and their cognate receptors expressed on the myocyte membrane. This causes a shift in gene expression of muscle cells, eventually leading to a pronounced catabolic condition and cell death. More recent studies, however, have shown the involvement of regulatory non-coding RNAs in the outbreak of cancer cachexia. In particular, the role exerted by microRNAs is being widely addressed, and several mechanistic studies are in progress. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings concerning the role of microRNAs in triggering or exacerbating muscle wasting in cancer cachexia, while mentioning about possible roles played by long non-coding RNAs and ADAR-mediated miRNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino P Marceca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nigita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Federica Calore
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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37
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Brzeszczyńska J, Brzeszczyński F, Hamilton DF, McGregor R, Simpson AHRW. Role of microRNA in muscle regeneration and diseases related to muscle dysfunction in atrophy, cachexia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:798-807. [PMID: 33174473 PMCID: PMC7672326 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.911.bjr-2020-0178.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have emerged as potential predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers, relevant to many pathophysiological conditions including limb immobilization, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, and cachexia. Impaired musculoskeletal homeostasis leads to distinct muscle atrophies. Understanding miRNA involvement in the molecular mechanisms underpinning conditions such as muscle wasting may be critical to developing new strategies to improve patient management. MicroRNAs are powerful post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in muscle and, importantly, are also detectable in the circulation. MicroRNAs are established modulators of muscle satellite stem cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, however, there have been limited human studies that investigate miRNAs in muscle wasting. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge as to the role of miRNAs in the skeletal muscle differentiation and atrophy, synthesizing the findings of published data. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(11):798-807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeszczyńska
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - David F Hamilton
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin McGregor
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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38
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Chen R, Lei S, Jiang T, She Y, Shi H. Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Cachexia by MicroRNAs and Long Non-coding RNAs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577010. [PMID: 33043011 PMCID: PMC7523183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common complication of cachexia, characterized by progressive bodyweight loss and decreased muscle strength, and it significantly increases the risks of morbidity and mortality in the population with atrophy. Numerous complications associated with decreased muscle function can activate catabolism, reduce anabolism, and impair muscle regeneration, leading to muscle wasting. microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), types of non-coding RNAs, are important for regulation of skeletal muscle development. Few studies have specifically identified the roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in cellular or animal models of muscular atrophy during cachexia, and the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia is not entirely understood. To develop potential approaches to improve skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, a more comprehensive understanding of the known key pathophysiological processes leading to muscular atrophy is needed. In this review, we summarize the known miRNAs, lncRNAs, and corresponding signaling pathways involved in regulating skeletal muscle atrophy in cachexia and other diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the functions and mechanisms of miRNAs and lncRNAs during skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and other diseases will, therefore, promote therapeutic treatments for muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Lei
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling She
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huacai Shi
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Abels ER, Maas SLN, Nieland L, Wei Z, Cheah PS, Tai E, Kolsteeg CJ, Dusoswa SA, Ting DT, Hickman S, El Khoury J, Krichevsky AM, Broekman MLD, Breakefield XO. Glioblastoma-Associated Microglia Reprogramming Is Mediated by Functional Transfer of Extracellular miR-21. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3105-3119.e7. [PMID: 31533034 PMCID: PMC6817978 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are primary, diffusely infiltrating brain tumors. Microglia are innate immune cells in the CNS and make up a substantial portion of the tumor mass. Glioma cells shape their microenvironment, communicating with and reprogramming surrounding cells, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis, immune suppression, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Glioma cells communicate with microglia, in part by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). Mouse glioma cells stably expressing a palmitoylated GFP to label EVs were implanted intracranially into syngeneic miR-21-null mice. Here, we demonstrate functional delivery of miR-21, regulating specific downstream mRNA targets in microglia after uptake of tumor-derived EVs. These findings attest to EV-dependent microRNA delivery as studied in an in vivo-based model and provide insight into the reprograming of microglial cells by tumor cells to create a favorable microenvironment for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Abels
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Nieland
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Eric Tai
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christy-Joy Kolsteeg
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sophie A Dusoswa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunology Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David T Ting
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suzanne Hickman
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, 2512 VA The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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40
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Borja-Gonzalez M, Casas-Martinez JC, McDonagh B, Goljanek-Whysall K. Aging Science Talks: The role of miR-181a in age-related loss of muscle mass and function. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020; 4:81-85. [PMID: 32835152 PMCID: PMC7341035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borja-Gonzalez
- School of Medicine, Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
| | - Jose C Casas-Martinez
- School of Medicine, Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
| | - Brian McDonagh
- School of Medicine, Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- School of Medicine, Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease & The Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Aging, CIMA, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TJ, UK
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41
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Vainshtein A, Sandri M. Signaling Pathways That Control Muscle Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134759. [PMID: 32635462 PMCID: PMC7369702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass under a wide range of acute and chronic maladies is associated with poor prognosis, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Decades of research indicate the importance of skeletal muscle for whole body metabolism, glucose homeostasis, as well as overall health and wellbeing. This tissue’s remarkable ability to rapidly and effectively adapt to changing environmental cues is a double-edged sword. Physiological adaptations that are beneficial throughout life become maladaptive during atrophic conditions. The atrophic program can be activated by mechanical, oxidative, and energetic distress, and is influenced by the availability of nutrients, growth factors, and cytokines. Largely governed by a transcription-dependent mechanism, this program impinges on multiple protein networks including various organelles as well as biosynthetic and quality control systems. Although modulating muscle function to prevent and treat disease is an enticing concept that has intrigued research teams for decades, a lack of thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that control muscle mass, in addition to poor transferability of findings from rodents to humans, has obstructed efforts to develop effective treatments. Here, we review the progress made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of muscle mass, as this continues to be an intensive area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Myology Center, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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42
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Ehmsen JT, Höke A. Cellular and molecular features of neurogenic skeletal muscle atrophy. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113379. [PMID: 32533969 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenic atrophy refers to the loss of muscle mass and function that results directly from injury or disease of the peripheral nervous system. Individuals with neurogenic atrophy may experience reduced functional status and quality of life and, in some circumstances, reduced survival. Distinct pathological findings on muscle histology can aid in diagnosis of a neurogenic cause for muscle dysfunction, and provide indicators for the chronicity of denervation. Denervation induces pleiotypic responses in skeletal muscle, and the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenic muscle atrophy appear to share common features with other causes of muscle atrophy, including activation of FOXO transcription factors and corresponding induction of ubiquitin-proteasomal and lysosomal degradation. In this review, we provide an overview of histologic features of neurogenic atrophy and a summary of current understanding of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Ehmsen
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Fernandez GJ, Ferreira JH, Vechetti IJ, de Moraes LN, Cury SS, Freire PP, Gutiérrez J, Ferretti R, Dal-Pai-Silva M, Rogatto SR, Carvalho RF. MicroRNA-mRNA Co-sequencing Identifies Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulatory Networks Underlying Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia. Front Genet 2020; 11:541. [PMID: 32547603 PMCID: PMC7272700 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome with alterations in gene regulatory networks that consequently lead to skeletal muscle wasting. Integrating microRNAs-mRNAs omics profiles offers an opportunity to understand transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks underlying muscle wasting. Here, we used RNA sequencing to simultaneously integrate and explore microRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of the Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) model of cancer cachexia. We found 1,008 mRNAs and 18 microRNAs differentially expressed in cachectic mice compared with controls. Although our transcriptomic analysis demonstrated a high heterogeneity in mRNA profiles of cachectic mice, we identified a reduced number of differentially expressed genes that were uniformly regulated within cachectic muscles. This set of uniformly regulated genes is associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM), proteolysis, and inflammatory response. We also used transcriptomic data to perform enrichment analysis of transcriptional factor binding sites in promoter sequences, which revealed activation of the atrophy-related transcription factors NF-κB, Stat3, AP-1, and FoxO. Furthermore, the integration of mRNA and microRNA expression profiles identified post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs of genes involved in ECM organization, cell migration, transcription factors binding, ion transport, and the FoxO signaling pathway. Our integrative analysis of microRNA-mRNA co-profiles comprehensively characterized regulatory relationships of molecular pathways and revealed microRNAs targeting ECM-associated genes in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geysson Javier Fernandez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juarez Henrique Ferreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ivan José Vechetti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nazario de Moraes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jayson Gutiérrez
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Renato Ferretti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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Sannicandro AJ, McDonagh B, Goljanek-Whysall K. MicroRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for muscle wasting during cancer cachexia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:157-163. [PMID: 32073414 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Muscle wasting in cancer cachexia remains an unmet clinical need due to lack of effective therapies associated with the complexity of the disease. Here, we discuss microRNAs, robust regulators of the expression of multiple genes, only recently characterized in cancer cachexia in humans and their therapeutic potential for muscle wasting. RECENT FINDINGS Changes in microRNAs in muscle of cancer patients have been demonstrated for the first time and these are associated with dysregulated signalling networks during muscle wasting. These data, together with studies in animal models, indicate that microRNAs are attractive therapeutic candidates for maintaining muscle mass, both during and following cancer treatment ultimately improving patient outcomes. SUMMARY Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic condition associated with muscle wasting. Maintenance of muscle mass in cancer patients can improve their response to therapy and prognosis. microRNAs, which can act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, are also dysregulated in muscle of cachexia patients. Studies in animal models of muscle wasting have demonstrated that microRNAs regulate muscle mass and strength. With more microRNA-based therapeutics in clinical trials and first RNA drugs approved, microRNAs present an attractive novel therapeutic avenue for maintaining muscle homeostasis in cachexia patients to improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Sannicandro
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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45
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Shek D, Read SA, Akhuba L, Qiao L, Gao B, Nagrial A, Carlino MS, Ahlenstiel G. Non-coding RNA and immune-checkpoint inhibitors: friends or foes? Immunotherapy 2020; 12:513-529. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant component of the human transcriptome. Their biological role, however, remains incompletely understood. Nevertheless, ncRNAs are highly associated with cancer development and progression due to their ability to modulate gene expression, protein translation and growth pathways. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are considered one of the most promising and highly effective therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. ICIs are monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 signalling pathways that stimulate T cell cytotoxicity and can result in tumor growth suppression. This Review will summarize existing knowledge regarding ncRNAs and their role in cancer and ICI therapy. In addition, we will discuss potential mechanisms by which ncRNAs may influence ICI treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Shek
- Blacktown Clinical School & Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Accreditation Centre, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Scott A Read
- Blacktown Clinical School & Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liia Akhuba
- Accreditation Centre, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bo Gao
- Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adnan Nagrial
- Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Blacktown Clinical School & Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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46
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Inflamma-miR-21 Negatively Regulates Myogenesis during Ageing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040345. [PMID: 32340146 PMCID: PMC7222422 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with disrupted redox signalling and increased circulating inflammatory cytokines. Skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on the balance between muscle hypertrophy, atrophy and regeneration, however during ageing this balance is disrupted. The molecular pathways underlying the age-related decline in muscle regenerative potential remain elusive. microRNAs are conserved robust gene expression regulators in all tissues including skeletal muscle. Here, we studied satellite cells from adult and old mice to demonstrate that inhibition of miR-21 in satellite cells from old mice improves myogenesis. We determined that increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL6, as well as H2O2, increased miR-21 expression in primary myoblasts, which in turn resulted in their decreased viability and myogenic potential. Inhibition of miR-21 function rescued the decreased size of myotubes following TNFα or IL6 treatment. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-21 could inhibit myogenesis in vitro via regulating IL6R, PTEN and FOXO3 signalling. In summary, upregulation of miR-21 in satellite cells and muscle during ageing may occur in response to elevated levels of TNFα and IL6, within satellite cells or myofibrillar environment contributing to skeletal muscle ageing and potentially a disease-related decline in potential for muscle regeneration.
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47
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Donzelli S, Farneti A, Marucci L, Ganci F, Sacconi A, Strano S, Sanguineti G, Blandino G. Non-coding RNAs as Putative Biomarkers of Cancer-Associated Cachexia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:257. [PMID: 32373612 PMCID: PMC7187787 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome that determines a severe body weight loss characterized by a marked reduction in muscle mass. About 80% of patients with advanced cancer develop cachexia due to both the tumor itself and cancer treatment (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy), which is associated to a worse prognosis. Despite its clinical relevance, this syndrome is still under-diagnosed and it lacks effective treatments. Radio-chemotherapy treatment is essential in patients with advanced head and neck cancers (HNSCC). Although this treatment has improved patients' life expectancy, it has also dramatically increased their need for assistance and support. The management of adverse symptoms, including cachexia, is of great importance in order to avoid delays in therapy, reduction of dosages and hospitalizations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, which have emerged as powerful biomarkers in stratifying human cancers. Due to their high stability in body fluids, miRNAs might be excellent non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection and follow-up of cancer patients. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge and debate the strong need to identify circulating biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cachexia. We will propose circulating non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for detecting early cachexia and implementing specific treatment. We will also discuss the potential use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of cachexia in HNSCC patients' blood samples collected before and after radio-chemotherapy treatment. Our intent is to pave the way to the identification of specific circulating miRNAs associated to cachexia occurrence and to the design of specific interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Donzelli
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Farneti
- Radiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Marucci
- Radiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ganci
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sanguineti
- Radiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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48
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Goljanek‐Whysall K, Soriano‐Arroquia A, McCormick R, Chinda C, McDonagh B. miR-181a regulates p62/SQSTM1, parkin, and protein DJ-1 promoting mitochondrial dynamics in skeletal muscle aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13140. [PMID: 32291905 PMCID: PMC7189996 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle functional deterioration during aging is disrupted mitochondrial dynamics. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is essential to maintain a healthy mitochondrial population and prevent the accumulation of damaged mitochondria; however, the regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. We demonstrated loss of mitochondrial content and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics in muscle during aging concomitant with dysregulation of miR‐181a target interactions. Using functional approaches and mito‐QC assay, we have established that miR‐181a is an endogenous regulator of mitochondrial dynamics through concerted regulation of Park2, p62/SQSTM1, and DJ‐1 in vitro. Downregulation of miR‐181a with age was associated with an accumulation of autophagy‐related proteins and abnormal mitochondria. Restoring miR‐181a levels in old mice prevented accumulation of p62, DJ‐1, and PARK2, and improved mitochondrial quality and muscle function. These results provide physiological evidence for the potential of microRNA‐based interventions for age‐related muscle atrophy and of wider significance for diseases with disrupted mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Goljanek‐Whysall
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Ana Soriano‐Arroquia
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Rachel McCormick
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Caroline Chinda
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
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49
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van de Worp WRPH, Schols AMWJ, Dingemans AMC, Op den Kamp CMH, Degens JHRJ, Kelders MCJM, Coort S, Woodruff HC, Kratassiouk G, Harel-Bellan A, Theys J, van Helvoort A, Langen RCJ. Identification of microRNAs in skeletal muscle associated with lung cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:452-463. [PMID: 31828982 PMCID: PMC7113505 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, highly prevalent in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), impairs quality of life and is associated with reduced tolerance and responsiveness to cancer therapy and decreased survival. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a central role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Changes in intramuscular levels of miRNAs have been implicated in muscle wasting conditions. Here, we aimed to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed in skeletal muscle of cachectic lung cancer patients to increase our understanding of cachexia and to allow us to probe their potential as therapeutic targets. METHODS A total of 754 unique miRNAs were profiled and analysed in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of newly diagnosed treatment-naïve NSCLC patients with cachexia (n = 8) and age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 8). miRNA expression analysis was performed using a TaqMan MicroRNA Array. In silico network analysis was performed on all significant differentially expressed miRNAs. Differential expression of the top-ranked miRNAs was confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR in an extended group (n = 48) consisting of NSCLC patients with (n = 15) and without cachexia (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 22). Finally, these miRNAs were subjected to univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis using overall survival and treatment-induced toxicity data obtained during the follow-up of this group of patients. RESULTS We identified 28 significant differentially expressed miRNAs, of which five miRNAs were up-regulated and 23 were down-regulated. In silico miRNA-target prediction analysis showed 158 functional gene targets, and pathway analysis identified 22 pathways related to the degenerative or regenerative processes of muscle tissue. Subsequently, the expression of six top-ranked miRNAs was measured in muscle biopsies of the entire patient group. Five miRNAs were detectable with reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR analysis, and their altered expression (expressed as fold change, FC) was confirmed in muscle of cachectic NSCLC patients compared with healthy control subjects: miR-424-5p (FC = 4.5), miR-424-3p (FC = 12), miR-450a-5p (FC = 8.6), miR-144-5p (FC = 0.59), and miR-451a (FC = 0.57). In non-cachectic NSCLC patients, only miR-424-3p was significantly increased (FC = 5.6) compared with control. Although the statistical support was not sufficient to imply these miRNAs as individual predictors of overall survival or treatment-induced toxicity, when combined in multivariate analysis, miR-450-5p and miR-451a resulted in a significant stratification between short-term and long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS We identified differentially expressed miRNAs putatively involved in lung cancer cachexia. These findings call for further studies to investigate the causality of these miRNAs in muscle atrophy and the mechanisms underlying their differential expression in lung cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter R P H van de Worp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C Dingemans
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Céline M H Op den Kamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette H R J Degens
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C J M Kelders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henry C Woodruff
- Department of Precision Medicine, GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gueorqui Kratassiouk
- Plateforme ARN interférence, Service de Biologie Intégrative et de Génétique Moléculaire (SBIGeM), I2BC, CEA, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Cancer, Institut de Hautes Études Scientifiques, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Precision Medicine, GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon C J Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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50
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Marceca GP, Londhe P, Calore F. Management of Cancer Cachexia: Attempting to Develop New Pharmacological Agents for New Effective Therapeutic Options. Front Oncol 2020; 10:298. [PMID: 32195193 PMCID: PMC7064558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation, uncontrolled weight loss and dramatic metabolic alterations. This includes myofibrillar protein breakdown, increased lipolysis, insulin resistance, elevated energy expediture, and reduced food intake, hence impairing the patient's response to anti-cancer therapies and quality of life. While a decade ago the syndrome was considered incurable, over the most recent years much efforts have been put into the study of such disease, leading to the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Several important improvements have been reached in the management of CC from both the diagnostic-prognostic and the pharmacological viewpoint. However, given the heterogeneity of the disease, it is impossible to rely only on single variables to properly treat patients presenting this metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the cachexia symptoms are strictly dependent on the type of tumor, stage and the specific patient's response to cancer therapy. Thus, the attempt to translate experimentally effective therapies into the clinical practice results in a great challenge. For this reason, it is of crucial importance to further improve our understanding on the interplay of molecular mechanisms implicated in the onset and progression of CC, giving the opportunity to develop new effective, safe pharmacological treatments. In this review we outline the recent knowledge regarding cachexia mediators and pathways involved in skeletal muscle (SM) and adipose tissue (AT) loss, mainly from the experimental cachexia standpoint, then retracing the unimodal treatment options that have been developed to the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino P Marceca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Priya Londhe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Federica Calore
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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