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Li Y, Peng L, Wang X, Zhang L. Reduction in chloroplastic ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase decreases photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:813241. [PMID: 36311138 PMCID: PMC9614318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.813241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase (RPE) is a critical enzyme involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways in higher plants. Three Arabidopsis rpe mutants with reduced level of RPE were identified through their high NPQ (nonphotochemical quenching) phenotype upon illumination, and no significant difference of plant size was found between these rpe mutants and WT (wild type) plants under growth chamber conditions. A decrease in RPE expression to a certain extent leads to a decrease in CO2 fixation, V cmax and J max. Photosynthetic linear electron transport was partially inhibited and activity of ATP synthase was also decreased in the rpe mutants, but the levels of thylakoid protein complexes and other Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes in rpe mutants were not affected. These results demonstrate that some degree of reduction in RPE expression decreases carbon fixation in chloroplasts, which in turn feedback inhibits photosynthetic electron transport and ATP synthase activity due to the photosynthetic control. Taken together, this work provides evidence that RPE plays an important role in the Calvin-Benson cycle and influences the photosynthetic capacity of chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- School of Biology and Brewing Engineering, TaiShan University, Taian, China
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Müller-Schüssele SJ, Bohle F, Rossi J, Trost P, Meyer AJ, Zaffagnini M. Plasticity in plastid redox networks: evolution of glutathione-dependent redox cascades and glutathionylation sites. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:322. [PMID: 34225654 PMCID: PMC8256493 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flexibility of plant metabolism is supported by redox regulation of enzymes via posttranslational modification of cysteine residues, especially in plastids. Here, the redox states of cysteine residues are partly coupled to the thioredoxin system and partly to the glutathione pool for reduction. Moreover, several plastid enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and damage repair draw electrons from glutathione. In addition, cysteine residues can be post-translationally modified by forming a mixed disulfide with glutathione (S-glutathionylation), which protects thiol groups from further oxidation and can influence protein activity. However, the evolution of the plastid glutathione-dependent redox network in land plants and the conservation of cysteine residues undergoing S-glutathionylation is largely unclear. RESULTS We analysed the genomes of nine representative model species from streptophyte algae to angiosperms and found that the antioxidant enzymes and redox proteins belonging to the plastid glutathione-dependent redox network are largely conserved, except for lambda- and the closely related iota-glutathione S-transferases. Focussing on glutathione-dependent redox modifications, we screened the literature for target thiols of S-glutathionylation, and found that 151 plastid proteins have been identified as glutathionylation targets, while the exact cysteine residue is only known for 17% (26 proteins), with one or multiple sites per protein, resulting in 37 known S-glutathionylation sites for plastids. However, 38% (14) of the known sites were completely conserved in model species from green algae to flowering plants, with 22% (8) on non-catalytic cysteines. Variable conservation of the remaining sites indicates independent gains and losses of cysteines at the same position during land plant evolution. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the glutathione-dependent redox network in plastids is highly conserved in streptophytes with some variability in scavenging and damage repair enzymes. Our analysis of cysteine conservation suggests that S-glutathionylation in plastids plays an important and yet under-investigated role in redox regulation and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Müller-Schüssele
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
- Present Address: Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Finja Bohle
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacopo Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Le Moigne T, Gurrieri L, Crozet P, Marchand CH, Zaffagnini M, Sparla F, Lemaire SD, Henri J. Crystal structure of chloroplastic thioredoxin z defines a type-specific target recognition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:434-447. [PMID: 33930214 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are ubiquitous disulfide oxidoreductases structured according to a highly conserved fold. TRXs are involved in a myriad of different processes through a common chemical mechanism. Plant TRXs evolved into seven types with diverse subcellular localization and distinct protein target selectivity. Five TRX types coexist in the chloroplast, with yet scarcely described specificities. We solved the crystal structure of a chloroplastic z-type TRX, revealing a conserved TRX fold with an original electrostatic surface potential surrounding the redox site. This recognition surface is distinct from all other known TRX types from plant and non-plant sources and is exclusively conserved in plant z-type TRXs. We show that this electronegative surface endows thioredoxin z (TRXz) with a capacity to activate the photosynthetic Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme phosphoribulokinase. The distinct electronegative surface of TRXz thereby extends the repertoire of TRX-target recognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Le Moigne
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Faculty of Sciences, Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, 91190, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Pierre Crozet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
- Sorbonne Université, Polytech Sorbonne, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
- Plateforme de Protéomique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, FR 550, CNRS, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Julien Henri
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
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Jiang J, Peng L, Wang K, Huang C. Moonlighting Metabolic Enzymes in Cancer: New Perspectives on the Redox Code. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:979-1003. [PMID: 32631077 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Metabolic reprogramming is considered to be a critical adaptive biological event that fulfills the energy and biomass demands for cancer cells. One hallmark of metabolic reprogramming is reduced oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Such metabolic abnormalities contribute to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the by-products of metabolic pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that ROS can in turn directly or indirectly affect the expression, activity, or subcellular localization of metabolic enzymes, contributing to the moonlighting functions outside of their primary roles. This review summarizes the multifunctions of metabolic enzymes and the involved redox modification patterns, which further reveal the inherent connection between metabolism and cellular redox state. Recent Advances: These noncanonical functions of metabolic enzymes involve the regulation of epigenetic modifications, gene transcription, post-translational modification, cellular antioxidant capacity, and many other fundamental cellular events. The multifunctional properties of metabolic enzymes further expand the metabolic dependencies of cancer cells, and confer cancer cells with a means of adapting to diverse environmental stimuli. Critical Issues: Deciphering the redox-manipulated mechanisms with specific emphasis on the moonlighting function of metabolic enzymes is important for clarifying the pertinence between metabolism and redox processes. Future Directions: Investigation of the redox-regulated moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes will shed new lights into the mechanism by which metabolic enzymes gain noncanonical functions, and yield new insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment by targeting metabolic-redox abnormalities. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 979-1003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Rojas-Pirela M, Andrade-Alviárez D, Rojas V, Kemmerling U, Cáceres AJ, Michels PA, Concepción JL, Quiñones W. Phosphoglycerate kinase: structural aspects and functions, with special emphasis on the enzyme from Kinetoplastea. Open Biol 2020; 10:200302. [PMID: 33234025 PMCID: PMC7729029 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a glycolytic enzyme that is well conserved among the three domains of life. PGK is usually a monomeric enzyme of about 45 kDa that catalyses one of the two ATP-producing reactions in the glycolytic pathway, through the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPGA) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). It also participates in gluconeogenesis, catalysing the opposite reaction to produce 1,3BPGA and ADP. Like most other glycolytic enzymes, PGK has also been catalogued as a moonlighting protein, due to its involvement in different functions not associated with energy metabolism, which include pathogenesis, interaction with nucleic acids, tumorigenesis progression, cell death and viral replication. In this review, we have highlighted the overall aspects of this enzyme, such as its structure, reaction kinetics, activity regulation and possible moonlighting functions in different protistan organisms, especially both free-living and parasitic Kinetoplastea. Our analysis of the genomes of different kinetoplastids revealed the presence of open-reading frames (ORFs) for multiple PGK isoforms in several species. Some of these ORFs code for unusually large PGKs. The products appear to contain additional structural domains fused to the PGK domain. A striking aspect is that some of these PGK isoforms are predicted to be catalytically inactive enzymes or ‘dead’ enzymes. The roles of PGKs in kinetoplastid parasites are analysed, and the apparent significance of the PGK gene duplication that gave rise to the different isoforms and their expression in Trypanosoma cruzi is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Rojas-Pirela
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2373223, Chile
| | - Diego Andrade-Alviárez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Verónica Rojas
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2373223, Chile
| | - Ulrike Kemmerling
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Santigo de Chile
| | - Ana J Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Paul A Michels
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Juan Luis Concepción
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Wilfredo Quiñones
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
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6
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Yoshida K, Ohtaka K, Hirai MY, Hisabori T. Biochemical insight into redox regulation of plastidial 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14906-14915. [PMID: 32848019 PMCID: PMC7606689 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol-based redox regulation is a post-translational protein modification for controlling enzyme activity by switching oxidation/reduction states of Cys residues. In plant cells, numerous proteins involved in a wide range of biological systems have been suggested as the target of redox regulation; however, our knowledge on this issue is still incomplete. Here we report that 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH) is a novel redox-regulated protein. PGDH catalyzes the first committed step of Ser biosynthetic pathway in plastids. Using an affinity chromatography-based method, we found that PGDH physically interacts with thioredoxin (Trx), a key factor of redox regulation. The in vitro studies using recombinant proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana showed that a specific PGDH isoform, PGDH1, forms the intramolecular disulfide bond under nonreducing conditions, which lowers PGDH enzyme activity. MS and site-directed mutagenesis analyses allowed us to identify the redox-active Cys pair that is mainly involved in disulfide bond formation in PGDH1; this Cys pair is uniquely found in land plant PGDH. Furthermore, we revealed that some plastidial Trx subtypes support the reductive activation of PGDH1. The present data show previously uncharacterized regulatory mechanisms of PGDH and expand our understanding of the Trx-mediated redox-regulatory network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kinuka Ohtaka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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7
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High-Resolution Crystal Structure of Chloroplastic Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii-An Enzyme Involved in the Photosynthetic Calvin-Benson Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207787. [PMID: 33096784 PMCID: PMC7589169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Calvin–Benson cycle is the key metabolic pathway of photosynthesis responsible for carbon fixation and relies on eleven conserved enzymes. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RPI) isomerizes ribose-5-phosphate into ribulose-5-phosphate and contributes to the regeneration of the Rubisco substrate. Plant RPI is the target of diverse post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and thiol-based modifications to presumably adjust its activity to the photosynthetic electron flow. Here, we describe the first experimental structure of a photosynthetic RPI at 1.4 Å resolution. Our structure confirms the composition of the catalytic pocket of the enzyme. We describe the homo-dimeric state of the protein that we observed in the crystal and in solution. We also map the positions of previously reported post-translational modifications and propose mechanisms by which they may impact the catalytic parameters. The structural data will inform the biochemical modeling of photosynthesis.
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8
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Yu J, Li Y, Qin Z, Guo S, Li Y, Miao Y, Song C, Chen S, Dai S. Plant Chloroplast Stress Response: Insights from Thiol Redox Proteomics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:35-57. [PMID: 31989831 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Plant chloroplasts generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthesis, especially under stresses. The sulfhydryl groups of protein cysteine residues are susceptible to redox modifications, which regulate protein structure and function, and thus different signaling and metabolic processes. The ROS-governed protein thiol redox switches play important roles in chloroplasts. Recent Advances: Various high-throughput thiol redox proteomic approaches have been developed, and they have enabled the improved understanding of redox regulatory mechanisms in chloroplasts. For example, the thioredoxin-modulated antioxidant enzymes help to maintain cellular ROS homeostasis. The light- and dark-dependent redox regulation of photosynthetic electron transport, the Calvin/Benson cycle, and starch biosynthesis ensures metabolic coordination and efficient energy utilization. In addition, redox cascades link the light with the dynamic changes of metabolites in nitrate and sulfur assimilation, shikimate pathway, and biosynthesis of fatty acid hormone as well as purine, pyrimidine, and thiamine. Importantly, redox regulation of tetrapyrrole and chlorophyll biosynthesis is critical to balance the photodynamic tetrapyrrole intermediates and prevent oxidative damage. Moreover, redox regulation of diverse elongation factors, chaperones, and kinases plays an important role in the modulation of gene expression, protein conformation, and posttranslational modification that contribute to photosystem II (PSII) repair, state transition, and signaling in chloroplasts. Critical Issues: This review focuses on recent advances in plant thiol redox proteomics and redox protein networks toward understanding plant chloroplast signaling, metabolism, and stress responses. Future Directions: Using redox proteomics integrated with biochemical and molecular genetic approaches, detailed studies of cysteine residues, their redox states, cross talk with other modifications, and the functional implications will yield a holistic understanding of chloroplast stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi Qin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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9
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Laporte D, Rodríguez F, González A, Zúñiga A, Castro-Nallar E, Sáez CA, Moenne A. Copper-induced concomitant increases in photosynthesis, respiration, and C, N and S assimilation revealed by transcriptomic analyses in Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:25. [PMID: 31941449 PMCID: PMC6964094 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marine alga Ulva compressa is the dominant species in copper-polluted coastal areas in northern Chile. It has been shown that the alga tolerates micromolar concentrations of copper and accumulates copper at the intracellular level. Transcriptomic analyses were performed using total RNA of the alga cultivated with 10 μ M copper for 0, 1, 3 and 5 days using RNA-seq in order to identify processes involved in copper tolerance. RESULTS The levels of transcripts encoding proteins belonging to Light Harvesting Complex II (LHCII), photosystem II (PSII), cytochrome b6f, PSI, LHCI, ATP synthase and proteins involved in repair of PSII and protection of PSI were increased in the alga cultivated with copper. In addition, the level of transcripts encoding proteins of mitochondrial electron transport chain, ATP synthase, and enzymes involved in C, N and S assimilation were also enhanced. The higher percentages of increase in the level of transcripts were mainly observed at days 3 and 5. In contrast, transcripts involved protein synthesis and degradation, signal transduction, and replication and DNA repair, were decreased. In addition, net photosynthesis and respiration increased in the alga cultivated with copper, mainly at days 1 to 3. Furthermore, the activities of enzymes involved in C, N and S assimilation, rubisco, glutamine synthase and cysteine synthase, respectively, were also increased, mainly at days 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS The marine alga U. compressa tolerates copper excess through a concomitant increase in expression of proteins involved in photosynthesis, respiration, and C, N and S assimilation, which represents an exceptional mechanism of copper tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Laporte
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto González
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
- HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Postgrado e Innovación, University of Playa Ancha, Avenida Carvallo 270, 2340000, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Center of Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Postgrado e Innovación, University of Playa Ancha, Avenida Carvallo 270, 2340000, Valparaíso, Chile
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, Traslaviña 450, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Jensen EL, Yangüez K, Carrière F, Gontero B. Storage Compound Accumulation in Diatoms as Response to Elevated CO 2 Concentration. BIOLOGY 2019; 9:E5. [PMID: 31878202 PMCID: PMC7169399 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of reserve compounds (i.e., lipids and chrysolaminarin) in diatoms depends on the environmental conditions, and is often triggered by stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Manipulation of CO2 supply can also be used to improve both lipids and carbohydrates accumulation. Given the high diversity among diatoms, we studied the two marine model diatoms-Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a freshwater diatom, Asterionella formosa, and Navicula pelliculosa-found in fresh- and sea-water environments. We measured the accumulation of reserve compounds and the activity of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism in these diatoms grown at high and atmospheric CO2. We observed that biomass and lipid accumulation in cells grown at high CO2 differ among the diatoms. Lipid accumulation increased only in P. tricornutum and N. pelliculosa grown in seawater in response to elevated CO2. Moreover, accumulation of lipids was also accompanied by an increased activity of the enzymes tested. However, lipid accumulation and enzyme activity decreased in N. pelliculosa cultured in fresh water. Chrysolaminarin accumulation was also affected by CO2 concentration; however, there was no clear relation with lipids accumulation. Our results are relevant to understand better the ecological role of the environment in the diatom adaptation to CO2 and the mechanisms underpinning the production of storage compounds considering diatom diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brigitte Gontero
- CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, FR3479, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, Aix Marseille Univ., 13 402 Marseille CEDEX 20, France; (E.L.J.); (K.Y.); (F.C.)
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11
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González M, Delgado-Requerey V, Ferrández J, Serna A, Cejudo FJ. Insights into the function of NADPH thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) based on identification of NTRC-interacting proteins in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5787-5798. [PMID: 31294455 PMCID: PMC6812714 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Redox regulation in heterotrophic organisms relies on NADPH, thioredoxins (TRXs), and an NADPH-dependent TRX reductase (NTR). In contrast, chloroplasts harbor two redox systems, one that uses photoreduced ferredoxin (Fd), an Fd-dependent TRX reductase (FTR), and TRXs, which links redox regulation to light, and NTRC, which allows the use of NADPH for redox regulation. It has been shown that NTRC-dependent regulation of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (PRX) is critical for optimal function of the photosynthetic apparatus. Thus, the objective of the present study was the analysis of the interaction of NTRC and 2-Cys PRX in vivo and the identification of proteins interacting with them with the aim of identifying chloroplast processes regulated by this redox system. To assess this objective, we generated Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing either an NTRC-tandem affinity purification (TAP)-Tag or a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-TAP-Tag, which served as a negative control. The presence of 2-Cys PRX and NTRC in complexes isolated from NTRC-TAP-Tag-expressing plants confirmed the interaction of these proteins in vivo. The identification of proteins co-purified in these complexes by MS revealed the relevance of the NTRC-2-Cys PRX system in the redox regulation of multiple chloroplast processes. The interaction of NTRC with selected targets was confirmed in vivo by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricruz González
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Víctor Delgado-Requerey
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia Ferrández
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zaffagnini M, Fermani S, Marchand CH, Costa A, Sparla F, Rouhier N, Geigenberger P, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Redox Homeostasis in Photosynthetic Organisms: Novel and Established Thiol-Based Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:155-210. [PMID: 30499304 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox homeostasis consists of an intricate network of reactions in which reactive molecular species, redox modifications, and redox proteins act in concert to allow both physiological responses and adaptation to stress conditions. Recent Advances: This review highlights established and novel thiol-based regulatory pathways underlying the functional facets and significance of redox biology in photosynthetic organisms. In the last decades, the field of redox regulation has largely expanded and this work is aimed at giving the right credit to the importance of thiol-based regulatory and signaling mechanisms in plants. Critical Issues: This cannot be all-encompassing, but is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the structural/molecular mechanisms governing the most relevant thiol switching modifications with emphasis on the large genetic and functional diversity of redox controllers (i.e., redoxins). We also summarize the different proteomic-based approaches aimed at investigating the dynamics of redox modifications and the recent evidence that extends the possibility to monitor the cellular redox state in vivo. The physiological relevance of redox transitions is discussed based on reverse genetic studies confirming the importance of redox homeostasis in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Future Directions: In conclusion, we can firmly assume that redox biology has acquired an established significance that virtually infiltrates all aspects of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- 2 Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alex Costa
- 4 Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Peter Geigenberger
- 6 Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biozentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Trost
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Arabidopsis and Chlamydomonas phosphoribulokinase crystal structures complete the redox structural proteome of the Calvin-Benson cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8048-8053. [PMID: 30923119 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820639116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In land plants and algae, the Calvin-Benson (CB) cycle takes place in the chloroplast, a specialized organelle in which photosynthesis occurs. Thioredoxins (TRXs) are small ubiquitous proteins, known to harmonize the two stages of photosynthesis through a thiol-based mechanism. Among the 11 enzymes of the CB cycle, the TRX target phosphoribulokinase (PRK) has yet to be characterized at the atomic scale. To accomplish this goal, we determined the crystal structures of PRK from two model species: the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrPRK) and the land plant Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPRK). PRK is an elongated homodimer characterized by a large central β-sheet of 18 strands, extending between two catalytic sites positioned at its edges. The electrostatic surface potential of the catalytic cavity has both a positive region suitable for binding the phosphate groups of substrates and an exposed negative region to attract positively charged TRX-f. In the catalytic cavity, the regulatory cysteines are 13 Å apart and connected by a flexible region exclusive to photosynthetic eukaryotes-the clamp loop-which is believed to be essential for oxidation-induced structural rearrangements. Structural comparisons with prokaryotic and evolutionarily older PRKs revealed that both AtPRK and CrPRK have a strongly reduced dimer interface and an increased number of random-coiled regions, suggesting that a general loss in structural rigidity correlates with gains in TRX sensitivity during the molecular evolution of PRKs in eukaryotes.
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14
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Lemaire SD, Tedesco D, Crozet P, Michelet L, Fermani S, Zaffagnini M, Henri J. Crystal Structure of Chloroplastic Thioredoxin f2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Reveals Distinct Surface Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E171. [PMID: 30477165 PMCID: PMC6316601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide reduction by thioredoxins (TRXs) controls the conformation of enzyme active sites and their multimeric complex formation. TRXs are small oxidoreductases that are broadly conserved in all living organisms. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, TRXs form a large multigenic family, and they have been classified in different types: f, m, x, y, and z types are chloroplastic, while o and h types are located in mitochondria and cytosol. In the model unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the TRX family contains seven types, with f- and h-types represented by two isozymes. Type-f TRXs interact specifically with targets in the chloroplast, controlling photosynthetic carbon fixation by the Calvin⁻Benson cycle. We solved the crystal structures of TRX f2 and TRX h1 from C. reinhardtii. The systematic comparison of their atomic features revealed a specific conserved electropositive crown around the active site of TRX f, complementary to the electronegative surface of their targets. We postulate that this surface provides specificity to each type of TRX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane D Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8226 CNRS Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Analysis Section (Bio-PhASe), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pierre Crozet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8226 CNRS Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laure Michelet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8226 CNRS Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Julien Henri
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8226 CNRS Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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15
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Maes A, Martinez X, Druart K, Laurent B, Guégan S, Marchand CH, Lemaire SD, Baaden M. MinOmics, an Integrative and Immersive Tool for Multi-Omics Analysis. J Integr Bioinform 2018; 15:/j/jib.ahead-of-print/jib-2018-0006/jib-2018-0006.xml. [PMID: 29927748 PMCID: PMC6167043 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic and transcriptomic technologies resulted in massive biological datasets, their interpretation requiring sophisticated computational strategies. Efficient and intuitive real-time analysis remains challenging. We use proteomic data on 1417 proteins of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to investigate physicochemical parameters governing selectivity of three cysteine-based redox post translational modifications (PTM): glutathionylation (SSG), nitrosylation (SNO) and disulphide bonds (SS) reduced by thioredoxins. We aim to understand underlying molecular mechanisms and structural determinants through integration of redox proteome data from gene- to structural level. Our interactive visual analytics approach on an 8.3 m2 display wall of 25 MPixel resolution features stereoscopic three dimensions (3D) representation performed by UnityMol WebGL. Virtual reality headsets complement the range of usage configurations for fully immersive tasks. Our experiments confirm that fast access to a rich cross-linked database is necessary for immersive analysis of structural data. We emphasize the possibility to display complex data structures and relationships in 3D, intrinsic to molecular structure visualization, but less common for omics-network analysis. Our setup is powered by MinOmics, an integrated analysis pipeline and visualization framework dedicated to multi-omics analysis. MinOmics integrates data from various sources into a materialized physical repository. We evaluate its performance, a design criterion for the framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Martinez
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, UPR9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Karen Druart
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, UPR9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benoist Laurent
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, FRC 550, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sean Guégan
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, UPR9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marc Baaden
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, UPR9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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16
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McConnell EW, Werth EG, Hicks LM. The phosphorylated redox proteome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Revealing novel means for regulation of protein structure and function. Redox Biol 2018; 17:35-46. [PMID: 29673699 PMCID: PMC6006682 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent modifications to protein residues which may alter both conformation and activity, thereby modulating signaling and metabolic processes. While PTMs have been largely investigated independently, examination into how different modification interact, or crosstalk, will reveal a more complete understanding of the reciprocity of signaling cascades across numerous pathways. Combinatorial reversible thiol oxidation and phosphorylation in eukaryotes is largely recognized, but rigorous approaches for experimental discovery are underdeveloped. To begin meaningful interrogation of PTM crosstalk in systems biology research, knowledge of targeted proteins must be advanced. Herein, we demonstrate protein-level enrichment of reversibly oxidized proteoforms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with subsequent phosphopeptide analysis to determine the extent of phosphorylation in the redox thiol proteome. Label-free quantification was used to quantify 3353 oxidized Cys-sites on 1457 enriched proteins, where sequential phosphopeptide enrichment measured 1094 sites of phosphorylation on 720 proteins with 23% (172 proteins) also identified as reversibly oxidized. Proteins identified with both reversible oxidation and phosphorylation were involved in signaling transduction, ribosome and translation-related machinery, and metabolic pathways. Several redox-modified Calvin-Benson cycle proteins were found phosphorylated and many kinases/phosphatases involved in phosphorylation-dependent photosynthetic state transition and stress-response pathways had sites of reversible oxidation. Identification of redox proteins serves as a crucial element in understanding stress response in photosynthetic organisms and beyond, whereby knowing the ensemble of modifications co-occurring with oxidation highlights novel mechanisms for cellular control. Quantified reversible oxidation on protein cysteine residues. Sequential phosphopeptide enrichment to define the phosphorylated redox proteome. Found >3000 oxidized cysteines and >1000 phosphosites in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Co-modified proteins discovered across diverse metabolic and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan W McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Emily G Werth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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17
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Sievers S, Dittmann S, Jordt T, Otto A, Hochgräfe F, Riedel K. Comprehensive Redox Profiling of the Thiol Proteome of Clostridium difficile. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1035-1046. [PMID: 29496906 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir118.000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The strictly anaerobic bacterium C. difficile has become one of the most problematic hospital acquired pathogens and a major burden for health care systems. Although antibiotics work effectively in most C. difficile infections (CDIs), their detrimental effect on the intestinal microbiome paves the way for recurrent episodes of CDI. To develop alternative, non-antibiotics-based treatment strategies, deeper knowledge on the physiology of C. difficile, stress adaptation mechanisms and regulation of virulence factors is mandatory. The focus of this work was to tackle the thiol proteome of C. difficile and its stress-induced alterations, because recent research has reported that the amino acid cysteine plays a central role in the metabolism of this pathogen. We have developed a novel cysteine labeling approach to determine the redox state of protein thiols on a global scale. Applicability of this technique was demonstrated by inducing disulfide stress using the chemical diamide. The method can be transferred to any kind of redox challenge and was applied in this work to assess the effect of bile acids on the thiol proteome of C. difficile We present redox-quantification for more than 1,500 thiol peptides and discuss the general difficulty of redox analyses of peptides possessing more than a single cysteine residue. The presented method will be especially useful not only when determining redox status, but also for providing information on protein quantity. Additionally, our comprehensive data set reveals protein cysteine sites particularly susceptible to oxidation and builds a groundwork for redox proteomics studies in C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sievers
- From the ‡Department of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Biology;
| | - Silvia Dittmann
- From the ‡Department of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Biology
| | - Tim Jordt
- From the ‡Department of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Biology
| | | | - Falko Hochgräfe
- ¶Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- From the ‡Department of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Biology
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18
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Rosa-Téllez S, Anoman AD, Flores-Tornero M, Toujani W, Alseek S, Fernie AR, Nebauer SG, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Segura J, Ros R. Phosphoglycerate Kinases Are Co-Regulated to Adjust Metabolism and to Optimize Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1182-1198. [PMID: 28951489 PMCID: PMC5813584 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In plants, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis but also participates in the reverse reaction in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. In the databases, we found three genes that encode putative PGKs. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PGK1 was localized exclusively in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic tissues, while PGK2 was expressed in the chloroplast/plastid of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic cells. PGK3 was expressed ubiquitously in the cytosol of all studied cell types. Measurements of carbohydrate content and photosynthetic activities in PGK mutants and silenced lines corroborated that PGK1 was the photosynthetic isoform, while PGK2 and PGK3 were the plastidial and cytosolic glycolytic isoforms, respectively. The pgk1.1 knockdown mutant displayed reduced growth, lower photosynthetic capacity, and starch content. The pgk3.2 knockout mutant was characterized by reduced growth but higher starch levels than the wild type. The pgk1.1 pgk3.2 double mutant was bigger than pgk3.2 and displayed an intermediate phenotype between the two single mutants in all measured biochemical and physiological parameters. Expression studies in PGK mutants showed that PGK1 and PGK3 were down-regulated in pgk3.2 and pgk1.1, respectively. These results indicate that the down-regulation of photosynthetic activity could be a plant strategy when glycolysis is impaired to achieve metabolic adjustment and optimize growth. The double mutants of PGK3 and the triose-phosphate transporter (pgk3.2 tpt3) displayed a drastic growth phenotype, but they were viable. This implies that other enzymes or nonspecific chloroplast transporters could provide 3-phosphoglycerate to the cytosol. Our results highlight both the complexity and the plasticity of the plant primary metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Armand Djoro Anoman
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Flores-Tornero
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Walid Toujani
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Saleh Alseek
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Segura
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Roc Ros
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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19
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Jensen E, Clément R, Maberly SC, Gontero B. Regulation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle in the enigmatic diatoms: biochemical and evolutionary variations on an original theme. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160401. [PMID: 28717027 PMCID: PMC5516110 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In Plantae, the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is highly regulated and most of its enzymes have been thoroughly studied. Since diatoms arose as a result of secondary endosymbiosis with one or more Plantae ancestors, their precise evolutionary history is enigmatic and complex resulting in biochemical variations on the original CBB cycle theme. The Rubisco Michaelis constant for CO2 is higher in diatoms than land plants and the nuclear-encoded Rubisco activase in Plantae is replaced by an analogous chloroplast-encoded CbbX (Calvin-Benson-Bassham protein X) in diatoms. In the CBB cycle reduction phase, phosphoglycerate kinase in diatoms is redox-regulated and similar to that in red algae; however, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is not redox-regulated, unlike in Plantae. The phosphoribulokinase (PRK)-GAPDH-CP12 complex found in many photosynthetic organisms has not yet been found in diatoms, but a ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR)-GAPDH-CP12 complex has been found in one species. In the CBB cycle regeneration phase, sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase and PRK are not redox-regulated in diatoms, unlike in Plantae. Regulation at the transcriptional level seems to be important in diatoms. CBB cycle enzyme properties appear to be variable among diatoms, but this view relies on results from a few model species: a greater range of diatoms need to be studied to test this.This article is part of the themed issue 'The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Jensen
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Romain Clément
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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20
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Pérez-Pérez ME, Mauriès A, Maes A, Tourasse NJ, Hamon M, Lemaire SD, Marchand CH. The Deep Thioredoxome in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: New Insights into Redox Regulation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1107-1125. [PMID: 28739495 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-based redox post-translational modifications have emerged as important mechanisms of signaling and regulation in all organisms, and thioredoxin plays a key role by controlling the thiol-disulfide status of target proteins. Recent redox proteomic studies revealed hundreds of proteins regulated by glutathionylation and nitrosylation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while much less is known about the thioredoxin interactome in this organism. By combining qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses, we have comprehensively investigated the Chlamydomonas thioredoxome and 1188 targets have been identified. They participate in a wide range of metabolic pathways and cellular processes. This study broadens not only the redox regulation to new enzymes involved in well-known thioredoxin-regulated metabolic pathways but also sheds light on cellular processes for which data supporting redox regulation are scarce (aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, nuclear transport, etc). Moreover, we characterized 1052 thioredoxin-dependent regulatory sites and showed that these data constitute a valuable resource for future functional studies in Chlamydomonas. By comparing this thioredoxome with proteomic data for glutathionylation and nitrosylation at the protein and cysteine levels, this work confirms the existence of a complex redox regulation network in Chlamydomonas and provides evidence of a tremendous selectivity of redox post-translational modifications for specific cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Pérez-Pérez
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mauriès
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Maes
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas J Tourasse
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Hamon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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21
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Structural basis for the magnesium-dependent activation of transketolase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2132-2145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Gütle DD, Roret T, Hecker A, Reski R, Jacquot JP. Dithiol disulphide exchange in redox regulation of chloroplast enzymes in response to evolutionary and structural constraints. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 255:1-11. [PMID: 28131337 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Redox regulation of chloroplast enzymes via disulphide reduction is believed to control the rates of CO2 fixation. The study of the thioredoxin reduction pathways and of various target enzymes lead to the following guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée D Gütle
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54280 Champenoux, France; Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Roret
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Arnaud Hecker
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Jacquot
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54280 Champenoux, France.
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23
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Hochmal AK, Zinzius K, Charoenwattanasatien R, Gäbelein P, Mutoh R, Tanaka H, Schulze S, Liu G, Scholz M, Nordhues A, Offenborn JN, Petroutsos D, Finazzi G, Fufezan C, Huang K, Kurisu G, Hippler M. Calredoxin represents a novel type of calcium-dependent sensor-responder connected to redox regulation in the chloroplast. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11847. [PMID: 27297041 PMCID: PMC4911631 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) and redox signalling play important roles in acclimation processes from archaea to eukaryotic organisms. Herein we characterized a unique protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that has the competence to integrate Ca(2+)- and redox-related signalling. This protein, designated as calredoxin (CRX), combines four Ca(2+)-binding EF-hands and a thioredoxin (TRX) domain. A crystal structure of CRX, at 1.6 Å resolution, revealed an unusual calmodulin-fold of the Ca(2+)-binding EF-hands, which is functionally linked via an inter-domain communication path with the enzymatically active TRX domain. CRX is chloroplast-localized and interacted with a chloroplast 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (PRX1). Ca(2+)-binding to CRX is critical for its TRX activity and for efficient binding and reduction of PRX1. Thereby, CRX represents a new class of Ca(2+)-dependent 'sensor-responder' proteins. Genetically engineered Chlamydomonas strains with strongly diminished amounts of CRX revealed altered photosynthetic electron transfer and were affected in oxidative stress response underpinning a function of CRX in stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Hochmal
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Karen Zinzius
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Gäbelein
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Risa Mutoh
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Stefan Schulze
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Gai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - André Nordhues
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Offenborn
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, UMR1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, UMR1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Fufezan
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
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24
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Abstract
After a brief discussion of my graduate work at Duke University, I describe a series of investigations on redox proteins at the University of California, Berkeley. Starting with ferredoxin from fermentative bacteria, the Berkeley research fostered experiments that uncovered a pathway for fixing CO2 in bacterial photosynthesis. The carbon work, in turn, opened new vistas, including the discovery that thioredoxin functions universally in regulating the Calvin-Benson cycle in oxygenic photosynthesis. These experiments, which took place over a 50-year period, led to the formulation of a set of biological principles and set the stage for research demonstrating a role for redox in the regulation of previously unrecognized processes extending far beyond photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob B Buchanan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
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25
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Choudhary MK, Nomura Y, Shi H, Nakagami H, Somers DE. Circadian Profiling of the Arabidopsis Proteome Using 2D-DIGE. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1007. [PMID: 27462335 PMCID: PMC4940426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Clock-generated biological rhythms provide an adaptive advantage to an organism, resulting in increased fitness and survival. To better elucidate the plant response to the circadian system, we surveyed protein oscillations in Arabidopsis seedlings under constant light. Using large-scale two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) the abundance of more than 1000 proteins spots was reproducibly resolved quantified and profiled across a circadian time series. A comparison between phenol-extracted samples and RuBisCO-depleted extracts identified 71 and 40 rhythmically-expressed proteins, respectively, and between 30 and 40% of these derive from non-rhythmic transcripts. These included proteins influencing transcriptional regulation, translation, metabolism, photosynthesis, protein chaperones, and stress-mediated responses. The phasing of maximum expression for the cyclic proteins was similar for both datasets, with a nearly even distribution of peak phases across the time series. STRING clustering analysis identified two interaction networks with a notable number of oscillating proteins: plastid-based and cytosolic chaperones and 10 proteins involved in photosynthesis. The oscillation of the ABA receptor, PYR1/RCAR11, with peak expression near dusk adds to a growing body of evidence that intimately ties ABA signaling to the circadian system. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the importance of post-transcriptional circadian control of plant physiology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani K. Choudhary
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Yuko Nomura
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Hua Shi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - David E. Somers
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
- *Correspondence: David E. Somers
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26
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Wang Y, Stessman DJ, Spalding MH. The CO2 concentrating mechanism and photosynthetic carbon assimilation in limiting CO2 : how Chlamydomonas works against the gradient. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:429-448. [PMID: 25765072 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) represents an effective strategy for carbon acquisition that enables microalgae to survive and proliferate when the CO2 concentration limits photosynthesis. The CCM improves photosynthetic performance by raising the CO2 concentration at the site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), simultaneously enhancing carbon fixation and suppressing photorespiration. Active inorganic carbon (Ci) uptake, Rubisco sequestration and interconversion between different Ci species catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are key components in the CCM, and an array of molecular regulatory elements is present to facilitate the sensing of CO2 availability, to regulate the expression of the CCM and to coordinate interplay between photosynthetic carbon metabolism and other metabolic processes in response to limiting CO2 conditions. This review intends to integrate our current understanding of the eukaryotic algal CCM and its interaction with carbon assimilation, based largely on Chlamydomonas as a model, and to illustrate how Chlamydomonas acclimates to limiting CO2 conditions and how its CCM is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Wang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dan J Stessman
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Martin H Spalding
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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27
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Protein redox regulation in the thylakoid lumen: the importance of disulfide bonds for violaxanthin de-epoxidase. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:919-23. [PMID: 25747136 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
When exposed to saturating light conditions photosynthetic eukaryotes activate the xanthophyll cycle where the carotenoid violaxanthin is converted into zeaxanthin by the enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE). VDE protein sequence includes 13 cysteine residues, 12 of which are strongly conserved in both land plants and algae. Site directed mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana VDE showed that all these 12 conserved cysteines have a major role in protein function and their mutation leads to a strong reduction of activity. VDE is also shown to be active in its completely oxidized form presenting six disulfide bonds. Redox titration showed that VDE activity is sensitive to variation in redox potential, suggesting the possibility that dithiol/disulfide exchange reactions may represent a mechanism for VDE regulation.
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