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Marqués P, Burillo J, González-Blanco C, Jiménez B, García G, García-Aguilar A, Iglesias-Fortes S, Lockwood Á, Guillén C. Regulation of TSC2 lysosome translocation and mitochondrial turnover by TSC2 acetylation status. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12521. [PMID: 38822085 PMCID: PMC11143182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) activity decreases the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) lysine acetylation status, inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling and concomitantly, activating autophagy. This study analyzes the role of TSC2 acetylation levels in its translocation to the lysosome and the mitochondrial turnover in both mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) and in mouse insulinoma cells (MIN6) as a model of pancreatic β cells. Resveratrol (RESV), an activator of SIRT1 activity, promotes TSC2 deacetylation and its translocation to the lysosome, inhibiting mTORC1 activity. An improvement in mitochondrial turnover was also observed in cells treated with RESV, associated with an increase in the fissioned mitochondria, positive autophagic and mitophagic fluxes and an enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis. This study proves that TSC2 in its deacetylated form is essential for regulating mTORC1 signalling and the maintenance of the mitochondrial quality control, which is involved in the homeostasis of pancreatic beta cells and prevents from several metabolic disorders such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marqués
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Burillo
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- P2022/BMD-7227, MOIR-ACTOME-CM, Dirección General de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (DGIIT), Consejería de Educación y Universidades, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema García
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Aguilar
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarai Iglesias-Fortes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Lockwood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- P2022/BMD-7227, MOIR-ACTOME-CM, Dirección General de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (DGIIT), Consejería de Educación y Universidades, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Guillén
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
- P2022/BMD-7227, MOIR-ACTOME-CM, Dirección General de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (DGIIT), Consejería de Educación y Universidades, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Nie Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Xu Z, Xia C, Du L, Yin X, Wang J. Downregulation of Sirt3 contributes to β-cell dedifferentiation via FoxO1 in type 2 diabetic mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:485-494. [PMID: 38150004 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS FoxO1 is an important factor in the β-cell differentiation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sirt3 is found to be involved in FoxO1 function. This study investigated the role of Sirt3 in the β-cell dedifferentiation and its mechanism. METHODS Twelve-week-old db/db mice and INS1 cells transfected with Sirt3-specific short hairpin RNA (shSirt3) were used to evaluate the dedifferentiation of β-cell. Insulin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The proteins of Sirt3, T-FoxO1, Ac-FoxO1 and differentiation indexes such as NGN3, OCT4, MAFA were determined by western blot or immunofluorescence staining. The combination of Sirt3 and FoxO1 was determined by the co-immunoprecipitation assay. The transcriptional activity of FoxO1 was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Both the in vivo and in vitro results showed that Sirt3 was decreased along with β-cell dedifferentiation and decreased function of insulin secretion under high glucose conditions. When Sirt3 was knocked down in INS1 cells, increased β-cell dedifferentiation and lowered insulin secretion were observed. This effect was closely related to the amount loss and the decreased deacetylation of FoxO1, which resulted in a reduction in transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION Downregulation of Sirt3 contributes to β-cell dedifferentiation in high glucose via FoxO1. Intervention of Sirt3 may be an effective approach to prevent β-cell failure in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunye Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunya Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Chen H, Guo J, Cai Y, Zhang C, Wei F, Sun H, Cheng C, Liu W, He Z. Elucidation of the anti-β-cell dedifferentiation mechanism of a modified Da Chaihu Decoction by an integrative approach of network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117481. [PMID: 38007164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Modified Da Chaihu decoction (MDCH) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription that has been used in the clinic to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previous studies have confirmed that MDCH improves glycemic and lipid metabolism, enhances pancreatic function, and alleviates insulin resistance in patients with T2D and diabetic rats. Evidence has demonstrated that MDCH protects pancreatic β cells via regulating the gene expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Dedifferentiation of pancreatic β cells mediated by FOXO1 has been recognized as the main pathogenesis of T2D. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of MDCH on T2D in vitro and in vivo to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS To predict the key targets of MDCH in treating T2D, network pharmacology methods were used. A T2D model was induced in diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mice with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Glucose metabolism indicators (oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test), lipid metabolism indicators (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha), oxidative stress indicators (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde), and hematoxylin and eosin staining were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MDCH on T2D. Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of FOXO1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX6.1), octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4), neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), insulin, and SIRT1, and Western blot analysis of insulin, SIRT1, and FOXO1 were performed to investigate the mechanism by which MDCH inhibited pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation. RESULTS The chemical ingredients identified in MDCH were predicted to be important for signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, including lipids in atherosclerosis, the advanced glycation end product receptor of the advanced glycation end product signaling pathway, and the FOXO signaling pathway. Experimental studies showed that MDCH improved glucose and lipid metabolism in T2D mice, alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress damage, and reduced pancreatic pathological damage. Furthermore, MDCH upregulated the expression levels of SIRT1, FOXO1, PDX1, and NKX6.1, while downregulating the expression levels of OCT4 and Ngn3, which indicated that MDCH inhibited pancreatic dedifferentiation of β cells. CONCLUSIONS MDCH has therapeutic effects on T2D, through regulating the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway to inhibit pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation, which has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijng Hepingli Hospital, NO.18th Hepingli North Street, Beijing, 100013, China; Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuzi Cai
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fudong Wei
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijng Hepingli Hospital, NO.18th Hepingli North Street, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zhongchen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijng Hepingli Hospital, NO.18th Hepingli North Street, Beijing, 100013, China.
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Watanabe H, Asahara SI, Son J, McKimpson WM, de Cabo R, Accili D. Cyb5r3 activation rescues secondary failure to sulfonylurea but not β-cell dedifferentiation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297555. [PMID: 38335173 PMCID: PMC10857566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell failure. The latter involves impaired insulin secretion and β-cell dedifferentiation. Sulfonylurea (SU) is used to improve insulin secretion in diabetes, but it suffers from secondary failure. The relationship between SU secondary failure and β-cell dedifferentiation has not been examined. Using a model of SU secondary failure, we have previously shown that functional loss of oxidoreductase Cyb5r3 mediates effects of SU failure through interactions with glucokinase. Here we demonstrate that SU failure is associated with partial β-cell dedifferentiation. Cyb5r3 knockout mice show more pronounced β-cell dedifferentiation and glucose intolerance after chronic SU administration, high-fat diet feeding, and during aging. A Cyb5r3 activator improves impaired insulin secretion caused by chronic SU treatment, but not β-cell dedifferentiation. We conclude that chronic SU administration affects progression of β-cell dedifferentiation and that Cyb5r3 activation reverses secondary failure to SU without restoring β-cell dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shun-ichiro Asahara
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jinsook Son
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy M. McKimpson
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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5
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Stamateris RE, Landa-Galvan HV, Sharma RB, Darko C, Redmond D, Rane SG, Alonso LC. Noncanonical CDK4 signaling rescues diabetes in a mouse model by promoting β cell differentiation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166490. [PMID: 37712417 PMCID: PMC10503800 DOI: 10.1172/jci166490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanding β cell mass is a critical goal in the fight against diabetes. CDK4, an extensively characterized cell cycle activator, is required to establish and maintain β cell number. β cell failure in the IRS2-deletion mouse type 2 diabetes model is, in part, due to loss of CDK4 regulator cyclin D2. We set out to determine whether replacement of endogenous CDK4 with the inhibitor-resistant mutant CDK4-R24C rescued the loss of β cell mass in IRS2-deficient mice. Surprisingly, not only β cell mass but also β cell dedifferentiation was effectively rescued, despite no improvement in whole body insulin sensitivity. Ex vivo studies in primary islet cells revealed a mechanism in which CDK4 intervened downstream in the insulin signaling pathway to prevent FOXO1-mediated transcriptional repression of critical β cell transcription factor Pdx1. FOXO1 inhibition was not related to E2F1 activity, to FOXO1 phosphorylation, or even to FOXO1 subcellular localization, but rather was related to deacetylation and reduced FOXO1 abundance. Taken together, these results demonstrate a differentiation-promoting activity of the classical cell cycle activator CDK4 and support the concept that β cell mass can be expanded without compromising function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Stamateris
- MD/PhD Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huguet V. Landa-Galvan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
| | - Rohit B. Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
| | - Christine Darko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
| | - David Redmond
- Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Regenerative Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sushil G. Rane
- Integrative Cellular Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura C. Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
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6
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Yang C, Wei M, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Song M, Mi J, Yang X, Tian G. Regulation of insulin secretion by the post-translational modifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1217189. [PMID: 37601108 PMCID: PMC10436566 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1217189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) has a significant impact on cellular signaling and function regulation. In pancreatic β cells, PTMs are involved in insulin secretion, cell development, and viability. The dysregulation of PTM in β cells is clinically associated with the development of diabetes mellitus. Here, we summarized current findings on major PTMs occurring in β cells and their roles in insulin secretion. Our work provides comprehensive insight into understanding the mechanisms of insulin secretion and potential therapeutic targets for diabetes from the perspective of protein PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mengna Wei
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yanpu Zhao
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanyi Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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7
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Cui X, Yao M, Feng Y, Li C, Li Y, Guo D, He S. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide alleviates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress via SIRT1/FoxO1/PCSK9 pathway in NAFLD. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23027. [PMID: 37410029 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201705rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
High-fat-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been the main reason for the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) produces a marked effect on regulating lipid metabolism and antioxidation, whose effects on ER stress of NAFLD are still unclear. Here, we studied the influence of exogenous H2 S on NAFLD and its potential mechanism. In vivo, NAFLD model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal injection of exogenous H2 S intervention for 4 weeks. HepG2 cells exposure to lipid mixture (LM) were used as vitro model to explore the potential mechanism. We found exogenous H2 S significantly inhibited the hepatic ER stress and improved the liver fat deposition of HFD-fed mice. These similar results were also observed in HepG2 cells dealt with LM after exogenous H2 S treatment. Further mechanism studies showed exogenous H2 S strengthened the combination of FoxO1 with the PCSK9 promoter gene through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation, thereby inhibiting the PCSK9 expression to relieve the hepatic ER stress. However, SIRT1 knockout eliminated the effects of exogenous H2 S on FoxO1 deacetylation, PCSK9 inhibition, and remission of hepatic ER stress and steatosis. In conclusion, exogenous H2 S improved NAFLD by inhibiting hepatic ER stress through SIRT1/FoxO1/PCSK9 pathway. Exogenous H2 S and ER stress may be potential drug and target for the treatment of NAFLD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Menglin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanjing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yarui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Wortham M, Liu F, Harrington AR, Fleischman JY, Wallace M, Mulas F, Mallick M, Vinckier NK, Cross BR, Chiou J, Patel NA, Sui Y, McGrail C, Jun Y, Wang G, Jhala US, Schüle R, Shirihai OS, Huising MO, Gaulton KJ, Metallo CM, Sander M. Nutrient regulation of the islet epigenome controls adaptive insulin secretion. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e165208. [PMID: 36821378 PMCID: PMC10104905 DOI: 10.1172/jci165208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of the islet β cell insulin-secretory response to changing insulin demand is critical for blood glucose homeostasis, yet the mechanisms underlying this adaptation are unknown. Here, we have shown that nutrient-stimulated histone acetylation plays a key role in adapting insulin secretion through regulation of genes involved in β cell nutrient sensing and metabolism. Nutrient regulation of the epigenome occurred at sites occupied by the chromatin-modifying enzyme lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1) in islets. β Cell-specific deletion of Lsd1 led to insulin hypersecretion, aberrant expression of nutrient-response genes, and histone hyperacetylation. Islets from mice adapted to chronically increased insulin demand exhibited shared epigenetic and transcriptional changes. Moreover, we found that genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes were enriched at LSD1-bound sites in human islets, suggesting that interpretation of nutrient signals is genetically determined and clinically relevant. Overall, these studies revealed that adaptive insulin secretion involves Lsd1-mediated coupling of nutrient state to regulation of the islet epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wortham
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Fenfen Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Austin R. Harrington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Johanna Y. Fleischman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Mulas
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Medhavi Mallick
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Nicholas K. Vinckier
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Benjamin R. Cross
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Nisha A. Patel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Yinghui Sui
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Carolyn McGrail
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Yesl Jun
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Gaowei Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Ulupi S. Jhala
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | - Roland Schüle
- Department of Urology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Orian S. Shirihai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark O. Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
| | | | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center and
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9
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Park JW, Roh E, Kang GM, Gil SY, Kim HK, Lee CH, Jang WH, Park SE, Moon SY, Kim SJ, Jeong SY, Park CB, Lim HS, Oh YR, Jung HN, Kwon O, Youn BS, Son GH, Min SH, Kim MS. Circulating blood eNAMPT drives the circadian rhythms in locomotor activity and energy expenditure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1994. [PMID: 37031230 PMCID: PMC10082796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cofactor of critical enzymes including protein deacetylase sirtuins/SIRTs and its levels in mammalian cells rely on the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-mediated salvage pathway. Intracellular NAMPT (iNAMPT) is secreted and found in the blood as extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT). In the liver, the iNAMPT-NAD+ axis oscillates in a circadian manner and regulates the cellular clockwork. Here we show that the hypothalamic NAD+ levels show a distinct circadian fluctuation with a nocturnal rise in lean mice. This rhythm is in phase with that of plasma eNAMPT levels but not with that of hypothalamic iNAMPT levels. Chemical and genetic blockade of eNAMPT profoundly inhibit the nighttime elevations in hypothalamic NAD+ levels as well as those in locomotor activity (LMA) and energy expenditure (EE). Conversely, elevation of plasma eNAMPT by NAMPT administration increases hypothalamic NAD+ levels and stimulates LMA and EE via the hypothalamic NAD+-SIRT-FOXO1-melanocortin pathway. Notably, obese animals display a markedly blunted circadian oscillation in blood eNAMPT-hypothalamic NAD+-FOXO1 axis as well as LMA and EE. Our findings indicate that the eNAMPT regulation of hypothalamic NAD+ biosynthesis underlies circadian physiology and that this system can be significantly disrupted by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14068, Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - So Young Gil
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyong Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Won Hee Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chae Beom Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yu Rim Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Han Na Jung
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | | | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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10
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Accili D, Du W, Kitamoto T, Kuo T, McKimpson W, Miyachi Y, Mukhanova M, Son J, Wang L, Watanabe H. Reflections on the state of diabetes research and prospects for treatment. Diabetol Int 2023; 14:21-31. [PMID: 36636157 PMCID: PMC9829952 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-022-00600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Research on the etiology and treatment of diabetes has made substantial progress. As a result, several new classes of anti-diabetic drugs have been introduced in clinical practice. Nonetheless, the number of patients achieving glycemic control targets has not increased for the past 20 years. Two areas of unmet medical need are the restoration of insulin sensitivity and the reversal of pancreatic beta cell failure. In this review, we integrate research advances in transcriptional regulation of insulin action and pathophysiology of beta cell dedifferentiation with their potential impact on prospects of a durable "cure" for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670 Japan
| | - Taiyi Kuo
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Wendy McKimpson
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Yasutaka Miyachi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Maria Mukhanova
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Jinsook Son
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Liheng Wang
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Hitoshi Watanabe
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
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11
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Vivoli A, Ghislain J, Filali-Mouhim A, Angeles ZE, Castell AL, Sladek R, Poitout V. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals a Role for Reactive Oxygen Species and Peroxiredoxins in Fatty Acid-Induced Rat β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2023; 72:45-58. [PMID: 36191509 PMCID: PMC9797324 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The functional mass of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells expands to maintain glucose homeostasis in the face of nutrient excess, in part via replication of existing β-cells. Type 2 diabetes appears when these compensatory mechanisms fail. Nutrients including glucose and fatty acids are important contributors to the β-cell compensatory response, but their underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We investigated the transcriptional mechanisms of β-cell proliferation in response to fatty acids. Isolated rat islets were exposed to 16.7 mmol/L glucose with or without 0.5 mmol/L oleate (C18:1) or palmitate (C16:0) for 48 h. The islet transcriptome was assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing. β-Cell proliferation was measured by flow cytometry. Unsupervised clustering of pooled β-cells identified different subclusters, including proliferating β-cells. β-Cell proliferation increased in response to oleate but not palmitate. Both fatty acids enhanced the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial activity. Comparison of proliferating versus nonproliferating β-cells and pseudotime ordering suggested the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxiredoxin signaling. Accordingly, N-acetyl cysteine and the peroxiredoxin inhibitor conoidin A both blocked oleate-induced β-cell proliferation. Our study reveals a key role for ROS signaling through peroxiredoxin activation in oleate-induced β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vivoli
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zuraya Elisa Angeles
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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12
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Hall R, Yuan S, Wood K, Katona M, Straub AC. Cytochrome b5 reductases: Redox regulators of cell homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102654. [PMID: 36441026 PMCID: PMC9706631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome-b5 reductase (CYB5R) family of flavoproteins is known to regulate reduction-oxidation (redox) balance in cells. The five enzyme members are highly compartmentalized at the subcellular level and function as "redox switches" enabling the reduction of several substrates, such as heme and coenzyme Q. Critical insight into the physiological and pathophysiological significance of CYB5R enzymes has been gleaned from several human genetic variants that cause congenital disease and a broad spectrum of chronic human diseases. Among the CYB5R genetic variants, CYB5R3 is well-characterized and deficiency in expression and activity is associated with type II methemoglobinemia, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Importantly, pharmacological and genetic-based strategies are underway to target CYB5R3 to circumvent disease onset and mitigate severity. Despite our knowledge of CYB5R3 in human health and disease, the other reductases in the CYB5R family have been understudied, providing an opportunity to unravel critical function(s) for these enzymes in physiology and disease. In this review, we aim to provide the broad scientific community an up-to-date overview of the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological roles of CYB5R proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hall
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mate Katona
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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13
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Cai Z, Liu S, Nie Y, Dong B, Li C, Zhang J, Xia C, Du L, Yin X, Wang J. Decreased Sirt3 contributes to cyclic production of reactive oxygen species and islet β-cell apoptosis in high glucose conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10479-10488. [PMID: 36125675 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a vital role in the apoptosis of islet β-cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sirt3 (Sirtuin 3, a deacetylase) and FoxO1 (a transcription factor) might be involved in ROS production. This study was to investigate mechanism of ROS production and β-cell apoptosis in T2DM. METHODS Oxidative stress and apoptosis in islets of db/db mice and high glucose cultured β-cells were observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and western blotting. Then, H2O2 was used to ascertain the effect of ROS on the expression of Sirt3. Meanwhile, FoxO1, antioxidant enzymes - catalase (CAT) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and β-cell apoptosis were also determined by western blotting. Finally, Sirt3 was knocked down to evaluate the effect on oxidative stress and apoptosis of β-cells. RESULTS Under high glucose environment, enhanced ROS made a decrease of Sirt3 expression, which increased acetylation of FoxO1, thus reduced the expression of its target proteins -MnSOD and CAT, and further significantly increased ROS levels. Increased ROS finally led to the apoptosis of β-cells. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of Sirt3 plays an important role in the cyclic production of ROS and β-cell apoptosis. Targeting Sirt3 may be favorable for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxing Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingzheng Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunya Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Lipotoxicity in a Vicious Cycle of Pancreatic Beta Cell Exhaustion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071627. [PMID: 35884932 PMCID: PMC9313354 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder in modern society and may precede hyperglycemia and diabetes by several years. Exactly how disorders of lipid and glucose metabolism are related is still a mystery in many respects. We analyze the effects of hyperlipidemia, particularly free fatty acids, on pancreatic beta cells and insulin secretion. We have developed a computational model to quantitatively estimate the effects of specific metabolic pathways on insulin secretion and to assess the effects of short- and long-term exposure of beta cells to elevated concentrations of free fatty acids. We show that the major trigger for insulin secretion is the anaplerotic pathway via the phosphoenolpyruvate cycle, which is affected by free fatty acids via uncoupling protein 2 and proton leak and is particularly destructive in long-term chronic exposure to free fatty acids, leading to increased insulin secretion at low blood glucose and inadequate insulin secretion at high blood glucose. This results in beta cells remaining highly active in the “resting” state at low glucose and being unable to respond to anaplerotic signals at high pyruvate levels, as is the case with high blood glucose. The observed fatty-acid-induced disruption of anaplerotic pathways makes sense in the context of the physiological role of insulin as one of the major anabolic hormones.
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15
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FoxO transcription factors in mitochondrial homeostasis. Biochem J 2022; 479:525-536. [PMID: 35195252 PMCID: PMC8883485 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular energetics, biosynthesis, and signaling transduction. Dysfunctional mitochondria have been implicated in different diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Mitochondrial homeostasis is controlled by a triad of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (fusion and fission), and autophagy (mitophagy). Studies have underscored FoxO transcription factors as key mitochondrial regulators. Specifically, FoxOs regulate mitochondrial biogenesis by dampening NRF1-Tfam and c-Myc-Tfam cascades directly, and inhibiting NAD-Sirt1-Pgc1α cascade indirectly by inducing Hmox1 or repressing Fxn and Urod. In addition, FoxOs mediate mitochondrial fusion (via Mfn1 and Mfn2) and fission (via Drp1, Fis1, and MIEF2), during which FoxOs elicit regulatory mechanisms at transcriptional, posttranscriptional (e.g. via miR-484/Fis1), and posttranslational (e.g. via Bnip3-calcineurin mediated Drp1 dephosphorylation) levels. Furthermore, FoxOs control mitochondrial autophagy in the stages of autophagosome formation and maturation (e.g. initiation, nucleation, and elongation), mitochondria connected to and engulfed by autophagosome (e.g. via PINK1 and Bnip3 pathways), and autophagosome-lysosome fusion to form autolysosome for cargo degradation (e.g. via Tfeb and cathepsin proteins). This article provides an up-to-date view of FoxOs regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and discusses the potential of targeting FoxOs for therapeutics.
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16
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Son J, Ding H, Farb TB, Efanov AM, Sun J, Gore JL, Syed SK, Lei Z, Wang Q, Accili D, Califano A. BACH2 inhibition reverses β cell failure in type 2 diabetes models. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:153876. [PMID: 34907913 DOI: 10.1172/jci153876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with defective insulin secretion and reduced β cell mass. Available treatments provide a temporary reprieve, but secondary failure rates are high, making insulin supplementation necessary. Reversibility of β cell failure is a key translational question. Here, we reverse engineered and interrogated pancreatic islet-specific regulatory networks to discover T2D-specific subpopulations characterized by metabolic inflexibility and endocrine progenitor/stem cell features. Single-cell gain- and loss-of-function and glucose-induced Ca2+ flux analyses of top candidate master regulatory (MR) proteins in islet cells validated transcription factor BACH2 and associated epigenetic effectors as key drivers of T2D cell states. BACH2 knockout in T2D islets reversed cellular features of the disease, restoring a nondiabetic phenotype. BACH2-immunoreactive islet cells increased approximately 4-fold in diabetic patients, confirming the algorithmic prediction of clinically relevant subpopulations. Treatment with a BACH inhibitor lowered glycemia and increased plasma insulin levels in diabetic mice, and restored insulin secretion in diabetic mice and human islets. The findings suggest that T2D-specific populations of failing β cells can be reversed and indicate pathways for pharmacological intervention, including via BACH2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Son
- Department of Medicine and.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas B Farb
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander M Efanov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jiajun Sun
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Julie L Gore
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Samreen K Syed
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhigang Lei
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qidi Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Jankauskas SS, Kansakar U, Varzideh F, Wilson S, Mone P, Lombardi A, Gambardella J, Santulli G. Heart failure in diabetes. Metabolism 2021; 125:154910. [PMID: 34627874 PMCID: PMC8941799 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure and cardiovascular disorders represent the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Here we present a systematic review of the main mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We also provide an excursus on the relative contribution of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells to the pathophysiology of heart failure in diabetes. After having described the preclinical tools currently available to dissect the mechanisms of this complex disease, we conclude with a section on the most recent updates of the literature on clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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18
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Ge Y, Zhou M, Chen C, Wu X, Wang X. Role of AMPK mediated pathways in autophagy and aging. Biochimie 2021; 195:100-113. [PMID: 34838647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AMPK is an important kinase regulating energy homeostasis and also a key protein involved in a variety of signal transduction pathways. It plays a vitally regulatory role in cellular senescence. Activation of AMPK can delay or block the aging process, which is of great significance in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and other aging related diseases, and provides a potential target for new indications such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, AMPK signaling pathway plays an important role in aging research. The in-depth study of AMPK activators will provide more new directions for the treatment of age-related maladies and the development of innovative drugs. Autophagy is a process that engulfs and degrades own cytoplasm or organelles. Thereby, meeting the metabolic demands and updating certain organelles of the cell has become a hotspot in the field of anti-aging in recent years. AMPK plays an important role between autophagy and senescence. In our review, the relationship among AMPK signaling, autophagy and aging will be clarified through the interaction between AMPK and mTOR, ULK1, FOXO, p53, SIRT1, and NF -κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ge
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Cui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530007, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
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19
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Kitamoto T, Kuo T, Okabe A, Kaneda A, Accili D. An integrative transcriptional logic model of hepatic insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102222118. [PMID: 34732569 PMCID: PMC8609333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102222118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of lipid/lipoprotein and glucose metabolism are hallmarks of hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The former antedate the latter, but the latter become progressively refractory to treatment and contribute to therapeutic failures. It's unclear whether the two processes share a common pathogenesis and what underlies their progressive nature. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that genes in the lipid/lipoprotein pathway and those in the glucose metabolic pathway are governed by different transcriptional regulatory logics that affect their response to physiologic (fasting/refeeding) as well as pathophysiologic cues (insulin resistance and hyperglycemia). To this end, we obtained genomic and transcriptomic maps of the key insulin-regulated transcription factor, FoxO1, and integrated them with those of CREB, PPAR-α, and glucocorticoid receptor. We found that glucose metabolic genes are primarily regulated by promoter and intergenic enhancers in a fasting-dependent manner, while lipid genes are regulated through fasting-dependent intron enhancers and fasting-independent enhancerless introns. Glucose genes also showed a remarkable transcriptional resiliency (i.e., the ability to compensate following constitutive FoxO1 ablation through an enrichment of active marks at shared PPAR-α/FoxO1 regulatory elements). Unexpectedly, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia were associated with a "spreading" of FoxO1 binding to enhancers and the emergence of unique target sites. We surmise that this unusual pattern correlates with the progressively intractable nature of hepatic insulin resistance. This transcriptional logic provides an integrated model to interpret the combined lipid and glucose abnormalities of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Taiyi Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Atsushi Okabe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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20
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Kuo T, Du W, Miyachi Y, Dadi PK, Jacobson DA, Segrè D, Accili D. Antagonistic epistasis of Hnf4α and FoxO1 metabolic networks through enhancer interactions in β-cell function. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101256. [PMID: 34048961 PMCID: PMC8225970 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic and acquired abnormalities contribute to pancreatic β-cell failure in diabetes. Transcription factors Hnf4α (MODY1) and FoxO1 are respective examples of these two components and act through β-cell-specific enhancers. However, their relationship is unclear. METHODS In this report, we show by genome-wide interrogation of chromatin modifications that ablation of FoxO1 in mature β-cells enriches active Hnf4α enhancers according to a HOMER analysis. RESULTS To model the functional significance of this predicted unusual enhancer utilization, we generated single and compound knockouts of FoxO1 and Hnf4α in β-cells. Single knockout of either gene impaired insulin secretion in mechanistically distinct fashions as indicated by their responses to sulfonylurea and calcium fluxes. Surprisingly, the defective β-cell secretory function of either single mutant in hyperglycemic clamps and isolated islets treated with various secretagogues was completely reversed in double mutants lacking FoxO1 and Hnf4α. Gene expression analyses revealed distinct epistatic modalities by which the two transcription factors regulate networks associated with reversal of β-cell dysfunction. An antagonistic network regulating glycolysis, including β-cell "disallowed" genes, and a synergistic network regulating protocadherins emerged as likely mediators of the functional restoration of insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence of antagonistic epistasis as a model of gene/environment interactions in the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyi Kuo
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasutaka Miyachi
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Segrè
- Department of Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Langlois A, Forterre A, Pinget M, Bouzakri K. Impact of moderate exercise on fatty acid oxidation in pancreatic β-cells and skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1815-1825. [PMID: 33844166 PMCID: PMC8357749 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) play a crucial role in glycaemia regulation in healthy and metabolic disorders conditions through various mechanisms. FA oxidation is one of the processes involved in lipid metabolism and can be modulated by exercise. Nowadays, physical activity is known to be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Moreover, its intensity, its duration, the sex-gender, the prandial state, exerkines… are as many parameters that can influence glycaemic control. However, the widely debated question is to determine the best type of exercise for patients with metabolic disorders. In this review, we will discuss the impact of exercise intensity, especially moderate activity, on glycaemic control by focussing on FA oxidation in pancreatic β-cells and skeletal muscle. Finally, thanks to all the recent data, we will determine whether moderate physical activity is a good therapeutic strategy and if FA oxidation represents a target of interest to treat diabetic, obese and insulin-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Langlois
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - A Forterre
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - M Pinget
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - K Bouzakri
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France.
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22
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Silymarin ameliorates the disordered glucose metabolism of mice with diet-induced obesity by activating the hepatic SIRT1 pathway. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110023. [PMID: 33901577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance is the principal cause of type 2 diabetes worldwide. The use of natural products for the treatment of diabetes is increasingly attracting attention. Silymarin (SLM) is a flavonolignan compound that has been shown to have promise for the treatment of diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then orally administered SLM (30 mg/kg) daily for 1 month. The effects of SLM were also investigated in HepG2 cells that had been rendered insulin resistant by palmitic acid (PA) treatment. SLM ameliorated the dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance of the HFD-fed mice. HFD-feeding and PA treatment reduced the expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in the livers of the mice and in HepG2 cells, respectively. SLM increased the phosphorylation of AKT and FOXO1, and reduced the level of FOXO1 acetylation in PA-treated cells. However, SIRT1 knockdown by RNA interference reduced these effects of SLM. Moreover, the results of molecular dynamic simulation and in vitro activity assays indicated that SLM may directly bind to SIRT1 and increase its enzymatic activity. These findings suggest that hepatic SIRT1 may be an important pharmacological target of SLM and mediate effects on insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis, which may underlie its anti-diabetic activity.
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23
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Benchoula K, Arya A, Parhar IS, Hwa WE. FoxO1 signaling as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173758. [PMID: 33249079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose production and the consumption of high levels of carbohydrate increase the chance of insulin resistance, especially in cases of obesity. Therefore, maintaining a balanced glucose homeostasis might form a strategy to prevent or cure diabetes and obesity. The activation and inhibition of glucose production is complicated due to the presence of many interfering pathways. These pathways can be viewed at the downstream level because they activate certain transcription factors, which include the Forkhead-O1 (FoxO1). This has been identified as a significant agent in the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue, which is significant in the regulation of lipids and glucose. The objective of this review is to discuss the intersecting portrayal of FoxO1 and its parallel cross-talk which highlights obesity-induced insulin susceptibility in the discovery of a targeted remedy. The review also analyses current progress and provides a blueprint on therapeutics, small molecules, and extracts/phytochemicals which are explored at the pre-clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), Bukit Gambir, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Monash University (Malaysia) BRIMS, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - Wong Eng Hwa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
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24
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Nathanael J, Harsono HCA, Wibawa AD, Suardana P, Vianney YM, Dwi Putra SE. The genetic basis of high-carbohydrate and high-monosodium glutamate diet related to the increase of likelihood of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review. Endocrine 2020; 69:18-29. [PMID: 32172486 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases. Aside from the genetic factor, previous studies stated that other factors such as environment, lifestyle, and paternal-maternal condition play critical roles in diabetes through DNA methylation in specific areas of the genome. One of diabetic cases is caused by insulin resistance and changing the homeostasis of blood glucose control so glucose concentration stood beyond normal rate (hyperglycemia). High fat diet has been frequently studied and linked to triggering diabetes. However, most Asians consume rice (or food with high carbohydrate) and food with monosodium glutamate (MSG). This habit could lead to pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Previous studies showed that high-carbohydrate or high-MSG diet could change gene expression or modify protein activity in body metabolism. This imbalanced metabolism can lead to pleiotropic effects of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the authors have attempted to relate various changes in genes expression or protein activity to the high-carbohydrate and high-MSG-induced diabetes. The authors have also tried to relate several genes that contribute to pathophysiology of T2D and proposed several ideas of genes as markers and target for curing people with T2D. These are done by investigating altered activities of various genes that cause or are caused by diabetes. These genes are selected based on their roles in pathophysiology of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Nathanael
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Hans Cristian Adhinatya Harsono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Aubrey Druce Wibawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Putu Suardana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia.
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25
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Marquina-Sanchez B, Fortelny N, Farlik M, Vieira A, Collombat P, Bock C, Kubicek S. Single-cell RNA-seq with spike-in cells enables accurate quantification of cell-specific drug effects in pancreatic islets. Genome Biol 2020; 21:106. [PMID: 32375897 PMCID: PMC7201533 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is emerging as a powerful tool to dissect cell-specific effects of drug treatment in complex tissues. This application requires high levels of precision, robustness, and quantitative accuracy-beyond those achievable with existing methods for mainly qualitative single-cell analysis. Here, we establish the use of standardized reference cells as spike-in controls for accurate and robust dissection of single-cell drug responses. RESULTS We find that contamination by cell-free RNA can constitute up to 20% of reads in human primary tissue samples, and we show that the ensuing biases can be removed effectively using a novel bioinformatics algorithm. Applying our method to both human and mouse pancreatic islets treated ex vivo, we obtain an accurate and quantitative assessment of cell-specific drug effects on the transcriptome. We observe that FOXO inhibition induces dedifferentiation of both alpha and beta cells, while artemether treatment upregulates insulin and other beta cell marker genes in a subset of alpha cells. In beta cells, dedifferentiation and insulin repression upon artemether treatment occurs predominantly in mouse but not in human samples. CONCLUSIONS This new method for quantitative, error-correcting, scRNA-seq data normalization using spike-in reference cells helps clarify complex cell-specific effects of pharmacological perturbations with single-cell resolution and high quantitative accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Marquina-Sanchez
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Fan J, Du W, Kim-Muller JY, Son J, Kuo T, Larrea D, Garcia C, Kitamoto T, Kraakman MJ, Owusu-Ansah E, Cirulli V, Accili D. Cyb5r3 links FoxO1-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction with β-cell failure. Mol Metab 2020; 34:97-111. [PMID: 32180563 PMCID: PMC7031142 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is characterized by pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation. Dedifferentiating β cells inappropriately metabolize lipids over carbohydrates and exhibit impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However, the mechanism linking the β-cell's response to an adverse metabolic environment with impaired mitochondrial function remains unclear. METHODS Here we report that the oxidoreductase cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (Cyb5r3) links FoxO1 signaling to β-cell stimulus/secretion coupling by regulating mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species generation, and nicotinamide actin dysfunction (NAD)/reduced nicotinamide actin dysfunction (NADH) ratios. RESULTS The expression of Cyb5r3 is decreased in FoxO1-deficient β cells. Mice with β-cell-specific deletion of Cyb5r3 have impaired insulin secretion, resulting in glucose intolerance and diet-induced hyperglycemia. Cyb5r3-deficient β cells have a blunted respiratory response to glucose and display extensive mitochondrial and secretory granule abnormalities, consistent with altered differentiation. Moreover, FoxO1 is unable to maintain expression of key differentiation markers in Cyb5r3-deficient β cells, suggesting that Cyb5r3 is required for FoxO1-dependent lineage stability. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight a pathway linking FoxO1 to mitochondrial dysfunction that can mediate β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wen Du
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ja Young Kim-Muller
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jinsook Son
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Taiyi Kuo
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christian Garcia
- Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Takumi Kitamoto
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael J Kraakman
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Medicine, UW-Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Domenico Accili
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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27
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Prentki M, Corkey BE, Madiraju SRM. Lipid-associated metabolic signalling networks in pancreatic beta cell function. Diabetologia 2020; 63:10-20. [PMID: 31423551 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04976-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in deciphering the mechanisms underlying fuel-stimulated insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. The contribution of the triggering/ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP)-dependent Ca2+ signalling and KATP-independent amplification pathways, that include anaplerosis and lipid signalling of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), are well established. A proposed model included a key role for a metabolic partitioning 'switch', the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)/malonyl-CoA/carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) axis, in beta cell glucose and fatty acid signalling for insulin secretion. This model has gained overwhelming support from a number of studies in recent years and is now refined through its link to the glycerolipid/NEFA cycle that provides lipid signals through its lipolysis arm. Furthermore, acetyl-CoA carboxylase may also control beta cell growth. Here we review the evidence supporting a role for the ACC/malonyl-CoA/CPT-1 axis in the control of GSIS and its particular importance under conditions of elevated fatty acids (e.g. fasting, excess nutrients, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes). We also document how it is linked to a more global lipid signalling system that includes the glycerolipid/NEFA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Prentki
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Viger Tour, 900 rue Saint Denis, Room R08-412, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Evans Department of Medicine, Obesity Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S R Murthy Madiraju
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Viger Tour, 900 rue Saint Denis, Room R08-412, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
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28
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Lytrivi M, Castell AL, Poitout V, Cnop M. Recent Insights Into Mechanisms of β-Cell Lipo- and Glucolipotoxicity in Type 2 Diabetes. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1514-1534. [PMID: 31628942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of chronically elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels on glucose homeostasis are referred to as lipotoxicity, and the concurrent exposure to high glucose may cause synergistic glucolipotoxicity. Lipo- and glucolipotoxicity have been studied for over 25 years. Here, we review the current evidence supporting the role of pancreatic β-cell lipo- and glucolipotoxicity in type 2 diabetes (T2D), including lipid-based interventions in humans, prospective epidemiological studies, and human genetic findings. In addition to total FFA quantity, the quality of FFAs (saturation and chain length) is a key determinant of lipotoxicity. We discuss in vitro and in vivo experimental models to investigate lipo- and glucolipotoxicity in β-cells and describe experimental pitfalls. Lipo- and glucolipotoxicity adversely affect many steps of the insulin production and secretion process. The molecular mechanisms underpinning lipo- and glucolipotoxic β-cell dysfunction and death comprise endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and inflammation. Crosstalk between these stress pathways exists at multiple levels and may aggravate β-cell lipo- and glucolipotoxicity. Lipo- and glucolipotoxicity are therapeutic targets as several drugs impact the underlying stress responses in β-cells, potentially contributing to their glucose-lowering effects in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lytrivi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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29
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Impaired Biogenesis of Pancreatic β-Cells to Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:722-751. [PMID: 30450940 PMCID: PMC6708273 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Type 2 diabetes development involves multiple changes in β-cells, related to the oxidative stress and impaired redox signaling, beginning frequently by sustained overfeeding due to the resulting lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. Uncovering relationships among the dysregulated metabolism, impaired β-cell "well-being," biogenesis, or cross talk with peripheral insulin resistance is required for elucidation of type 2 diabetes etiology. Recent Advances: It has been recognized that the oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and glucotoxicity cannot be separated from numerous other cell pathology events, such as the attempted compensation of β-cell for the increased insulin demand and dynamics of β-cell biogenesis and its "reversal" at dedifferentiation, that is, from the concomitantly decreasing islet β-cell mass (also due to transdifferentiation) and low-grade islet or systemic inflammation. Critical Issues: At prediabetes, the compensation responses of β-cells, attempting to delay the pathology progression-when exaggerated-set a new state, in which a self-checking redox signaling related to the expression of Ins gene expression is impaired. The resulting altered redox signaling, diminished insulin secretion responses to various secretagogues including glucose, may lead to excretion of cytokines or chemokines by β-cells or excretion of endosomes. They could substantiate putative stress signals to the periphery. Subsequent changes and lasting glucolipotoxicity promote islet inflammatory responses and further pathology spiral. Future Directions: Should bring an understanding of the β-cell self-checking and related redox signaling, including the putative stress signal to periphery. Strategies to cure or prevent type 2 diabetes could be based on the substitution of the "wrong" signal by the "correct" self-checking signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Identification of C2CD4A as a human diabetes susceptibility gene with a role in β cell insulin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20033-20042. [PMID: 31527256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904311116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine mapping and validation of genes causing β cell failure from susceptibility loci identified in type 2 diabetes genome-wide association studies (GWAS) poses a significant challenge. The VPS13C-C2CD4A-C2CD4B locus on chromosome 15 confers diabetes susceptibility in every ethnic group studied to date. However, the causative gene is unknown. FoxO1 is involved in the pathogenesis of β cell dysfunction, but its link to human diabetes GWAS has not been explored. Here we generated a genome-wide map of FoxO1 superenhancers in chemically identified β cells using 2-photon live-cell imaging to monitor FoxO1 localization. When parsed against human superenhancers and GWAS-derived diabetes susceptibility alleles, this map revealed a conserved superenhancer in C2CD4A, a gene encoding a β cell/stomach-enriched nuclear protein of unknown function. Genetic ablation of C2cd4a in β cells of mice phenocopied the metabolic abnormalities of human carriers of C2CD4A-linked polymorphisms, resulting in impaired insulin secretion during glucose tolerance tests as well as hyperglycemic clamps. C2CD4A regulates glycolytic genes, and notably represses key β cell "disallowed" genes, such as lactate dehydrogenase A We propose that C2CD4A is a transcriptional coregulator of the glycolytic pathway whose dysfunction accounts for the diabetes susceptibility associated with the chromosome 15 GWAS locus.
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Gong M, Yu Y, Liang L, Vuralli D, Froehler S, Kuehnen P, Du Bois P, Zhang J, Cao A, Liu Y, Hussain K, Fielitz J, Jia S, Chen W, Raile K. HDAC4 mutations cause diabetes and induce β-cell FoxO1 nuclear exclusion. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e602. [PMID: 30968599 PMCID: PMC6503015 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studying patients with rare Mendelian diabetes has uncovered molecular mechanisms regulating β‐cell pathophysiology. Previous studies have shown that Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9) modulate mammalian pancreatic endocrine cell function and glucose homeostasis. Methods We performed exome sequencing in one adolescent nonautoimmune diabetic patient and detected one de novo predicted disease‐causing HDAC4 variant (p.His227Arg). We screened our pediatric diabetes cohort with unknown etiology using Sanger sequencing. In mouse pancreatic β‐cell lines (Min6 and SJ cells), we performed insulin secretion assay and quantitative RT‐PCR to measure the β‐cell function transfected with the detected HDAC4 variants and wild type. We carried out immunostaining and Western blot to investigate if the detected HDAC4 variants affect the cellular translocation and acetylation status of Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in the pancreatic β‐cells. Results We discovered three HDAC4 mutations (p.His227Arg, p.Asp234Asn, and p.Glu374Lys) in unrelated individuals who had nonautoimmune diabetes with various degrees of β‐cell loss. In mouse pancreatic β‐cell lines, we found that these three HDAC4 mutations decrease insulin secretion, down‐regulate β‐cell‐specific transcriptional factors, and cause nuclear exclusion of acetylated FoxO1. Conclusion Mutations in HDAC4 disrupt the deacetylation of FoxO1, subsequently decrease the β‐cell function including insulin secretion, resulting in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolian Gong
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Liang
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Dogus Vuralli
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Peter Kuehnen
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Du Bois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Aidi Cao
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Khalid Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medical & Research Center, OPC, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald & Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Shiqi Jia
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Klemens Raile
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Bai M, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhu Q, Bi Y, Ning G, Zhou L, Wang X. The pivotal role of protein acetylation in linking glucose and fatty acid metabolism to β-cell function. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:66. [PMID: 30683850 PMCID: PMC6347623 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein acetylation has a crucial role in energy metabolism. Here we performed the first large-scale profiling of acetylome in rat islets, showing that almost all enzymes in core metabolic pathways related to insulin secretion were acetylated. Label-free quantitative acetylome of islets in response to high glucose revealed hyperacetylation of enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), including trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha (ECHA). Acetylation decreased the protein stability of ECHA and its ability to promote FAO. The overexpression of SIRT3, a major mitochondrial deacetylase, prevented the degradation of ECHA via decreasing its acetylation level in β-cells. SIRT3 expression was upregulated in rat islets upon exposure to low glucose or fasting. SIRT3 overexpression in islets markedly decreased palmitate-potentiated insulin secretion, whereas islets from SIRT3 knockout mice secreted more insulin, with an opposite action on FAO. ECHA overexpression partially reversed SIRT3 deficiency-elicited insulin hypersecretion. Our study highlights the potential role of protein acetylation in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Feiye Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mengyao Bai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Libin Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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33
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Ämmälä C, Drury WJ, Knerr L, Ahlstedt I, Stillemark-Billton P, Wennberg-Huldt C, Andersson EM, Valeur E, Jansson-Löfmark R, Janzén D, Sundström L, Meuller J, Claesson J, Andersson P, Johansson C, Lee RG, Prakash TP, Seth PP, Monia BP, Andersson S. Targeted delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to pancreatic β-cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat3386. [PMID: 30345352 PMCID: PMC6192685 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) silencing of the expression of disease-associated genes is an attractive novel therapeutic approach, but treatments are limited by the ability to deliver ASOs to cells and tissues. Following systemic administration, ASOs preferentially accumulate in liver and kidney. Among the cell types refractory to ASO uptake is the pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cell. Here, we show that conjugation of ASOs to a ligand of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) can productively deliver ASO cargo to pancreatic β-cells both in vitro and in vivo. Ligand-conjugated ASOs silenced target genes in pancreatic islets at doses that did not affect target gene expression in liver or other tissues, indicating enhanced tissue and cell type specificity. This finding has potential to broaden the use of ASO technology, opening up novel therapeutic opportunities, and presents an innovative approach for targeted delivery of ASOs to additional cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Ämmälä
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (C.Ä.); (P.P.S.)
| | - W. J. Drury
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L. Knerr
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I. Ahlstedt
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P. Stillemark-Billton
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C. Wennberg-Huldt
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E.-M. Andersson
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E. Valeur
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R. Jansson-Löfmark
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D. Janzén
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L. Sundström
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J. Meuller
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J. Claesson
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P. Andersson
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C. Johansson
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R. G. Lee
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - T. P. Prakash
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - P. P. Seth
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
- Corresponding author. (C.Ä.); (P.P.S.)
| | - B. P. Monia
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - S. Andersson
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Accili D. Insulin Action Research and the Future of Diabetes Treatment: The 2017 Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Lecture. Diabetes 2018; 67:1701-1709. [PMID: 30135131 PMCID: PMC6110318 DOI: 10.2337/dbi18-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by combined abnormalities in insulin production and action. The pathophysiology of these defects has been studied extensively and is reasonably well understood. Their causes are elusive and their manifestations pleiotropic, likely reflecting the triple threat of genes, environment, and lifestyle. Treatment, once restricted to monotherapy with secretagogues or insulin, now involves complex combinations of expensive regimens that stem the progression but do not fundamentally alter the underlying causes of the disease. As advances in our understanding of insulin action and β-cell failure reach a critical stage, here I draw on lessons learned from our research on insulin regulation of gene expression and pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation to address the question of how we can translate this exciting biology into mechanism-based interventions to reverse the course of diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Awards and Prizes
- Cell Dedifferentiation/drug effects
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Cellular Reprogramming/drug effects
- Combined Modality Therapy/adverse effects
- Diabetes Complications/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Drug Design
- Drug Therapy, Combination/adverse effects
- Enteroendocrine Cells/drug effects
- Enteroendocrine Cells/metabolism
- Enteroendocrine Cells/pathology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/adverse effects
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin/therapeutic use
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin Secretion
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Models, Biological
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Accili
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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35
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Zhao X, Rong C, Pan F, Xiang L, Wang X, Hu Y. Expression characteristics of long noncoding RNA uc.322 and its effects on pancreatic islet function. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9239-9248. [PMID: 29953637 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform special biological functions by regulating gene expression through multiple pathways and molecular mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore the expression characteristics of lncRNA uc.322 in pancreatic islet cells and its effects on the secretion function of islet cells. Bioinformatics analysis was used to detect the lncRNA uc.322 sequence, location, and structural features. Expression of lncRNA uc.322 in different tissues was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, adenosine triphosphate determination, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate the effects of lncRNA uc.322 on insulin secretion. The results showed that the full-length of lncRNA uc.322 is 224 bp and that it is highly conserved in various species. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that lncRNA uc.322 is located on chr7:122893196-122893419 (GRCH37/hg19) within the SRY-related HMG-box 6 gene exon region. Compared with other tissues, lncRNA uc.322 is highly expressed in pancreatic tissue. Upregulation of lncRNA uc.322 expression increases the insulin transcription factors pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 and Forkhead box O1 expression, promotes insulin secretion in the extracellular fluid of Min6 cells, and increases the adenosine triphosphate concentration. On the other hand, knockdown of lncRNA uc.322 has opposite effects on Min6 cells. Overall, this study showed that upregulation of lncRNA uc.322 in islet β-cells can increase the expression of insulin transcription factors and promote insulin secretion, and it may be a new therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhao
- Division of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Clinic Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Division of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Can Rong
- Division of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Clinic Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College
| | - Fenghui Pan
- Division of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Clinic Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhi Xiang
- Division of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Clinic Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Division of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Clinic Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Division of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Division of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Clinic Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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36
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Fatty Acid-Stimulated Insulin Secretion vs. Lipotoxicity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061483. [PMID: 29921789 PMCID: PMC6100479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA)-stimulated insulin secretion (FASIS) is reviewed here in contrast to type 2 diabetes etiology, resulting from FA overload, oxidative stress, intermediate hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation, all converging into insulin resistance. Focusing on pancreatic islet β-cells, we compare the physiological FA roles with the pathological ones. Considering FAs not as mere amplifiers of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but as parallel insulin granule exocytosis inductors, partly independent of the KATP channel closure, we describe the FA initiating roles in the prediabetic state that is induced by retardations in the glycerol-3-phosphate (glucose)-promoted glycerol/FA cycle and by the impaired GPR40/FFA1 (free FA1) receptor pathway, specifically in its amplification by the redox-activated mitochondrial phospholipase, iPLA2γ. Also, excessive dietary FAs stimulate intestine enterocyte incretin secretion, further elevating GSIS, even at low glucose levels, thus contributing to diabetic hyperinsulinemia. With overnutrition and obesity, the FA overload causes impaired GSIS by metabolic dysbalance, paralleled by oxidative and metabolic stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and numerous pro-apoptotic signaling, all leading to decreased β-cell survival. Lipotoxicity is exerted by saturated FAs, whereas ω-3 polyunsaturated FAs frequently exert antilipotoxic effects. FA-facilitated inflammation upon the recruitment of excess M1 macrophages into islets (over resolving M2 type), amplified by cytokine and chemokine secretion by β-cells, leads to an inevitable failure of pancreatic β-cells.
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37
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Jouvet N, Estall JL. The pancreas: Bandmaster of glucose homeostasis. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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38
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Li Y, He S, Sun Y, Li G, Xu Q, Wang C, Jia W. Deterioration of insulin release rate response to glucose during oral glucose tolerance test is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes in normal glucose tolerance subjects. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:756-766. [PMID: 28762247 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell dedifferentiation, characterized by loss of glucose sensitivity (β-cell glucose sensitivity [βCGS]), has been reported to play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Traditionally, βCGS was derived from C-peptide-based method. However, C-peptide was not routinely examined in normal subjects and diabetes never treated with insulin. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the use of insulin in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in estimation of β-cell glucose response ability. A total of 1,599 subjects including normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2D were included in the study. A subgroup of NGT subjects (n = 591) were followed up for an average duration of 56.88 ± 20.76 months. Insulin release rate (IRRINS ) in the function of glucose (IRRINS response to glucose [IRRG]) during OGTT was compared with βCGS. Both βCGS derived from C-peptide by deconvolution approach and IRRG by insulin release progressively declined from NGT to IGT and T2D. Both βCGS and IRRG were associated with deposit of first-phase insulin secretion (DI1st ). After 56.88 ± 20.76 months, 32 (5.41%) NGT subjects had developed T2D. NGT subjects who progressed to diabetes after follow-up had lower IRRG and DI1st levels than those who did not (P < 0.01). Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analyses showed that decreased IRRG was a significant independent risk predictor for future diabetes after adjustment of age, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance, DI1st and family history. NGT subjects with decreased IRRG during OGTT had defective early insulin secretion and were at higher risk of developing diabetes. IRRG could be a useful T2D predictor in NGT subjects. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(9):756-766, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui He
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Sun
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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39
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Zeidler JD, Fernandes-Siqueira LO, Carvalho AS, Cararo-Lopes E, Dias MH, Ketzer LA, Galina A, Da Poian AT. Short-term starvation is a strategy to unravel the cellular capacity of oxidizing specific exogenous/endogenous substrates in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14176-14187. [PMID: 28663370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidation of nutrients is tightly regulated in response to the cellular environment and changes in energy demands. In vitro studies evaluating the mitochondrial capacity of oxidizing different substrates are important for understanding metabolic shifts in physiological adaptations and pathological conditions, but may be influenced by the nutrients present in the culture medium or by the utilization of endogenous stores. One such influence is exemplified by the Crabtree effect (the glucose-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration) as most in vitro experiments are performed in glucose-containing media. Here, using high-resolution respirometry, we evaluated the oxidation of endogenous or exogenous substrates by cell lines harboring different metabolic profiles. We found that a 1-h deprivation of the main energetic nutrients is an appropriate strategy to abolish interference of endogenous or undesirable exogenous substrates with the cellular capacity of oxidizing specific substrates, namely glutamine, pyruvate, glucose, or palmitate, in mitochondria. This approach primed mitochondria to immediately increase their oxygen consumption after the addition of the exogenous nutrients. All starved cells could oxidize exogenous glutamine, whereas the capacity for oxidizing palmitate was limited to human hepatocarcinoma Huh7 cells and to C2C12 mouse myoblasts that differentiated into myotubes. In the presence of exogenous glucose, starvation decreased the Crabtree effect in Huh7 and C2C12 cells and abrogated it in mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells. Interestingly, the fact that the Crabtree effect was observed only for mitochondrial basal respiration but not for the maximum respiratory capacity suggests it is not caused by a direct effect on the electron transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna D Zeidler
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil,.
| | - Lorena O Fernandes-Siqueira
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana S Carvalho
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus H Dias
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Luisa A Ketzer
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pólo de Xerém, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil,.
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Accili D, Talchai SC, Kim-Muller JY, Cinti F, Ishida E, Ordelheide AM, Kuo T, Fan J, Son J. When β-cells fail: lessons from dedifferentiation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 1:117-22. [PMID: 27615140 PMCID: PMC5021187 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by a combination of impaired responsiveness to insulin and reduced production of insulin by the pancreas. Until recently, the decline of insulin production had been ascribed to β-cell death. But recent research has shown that β-cells do not die in diabetes, but undergo a silencing process, termed "dedifferentiation." The main implication of this discovery is that β-cells can be revived by appropriate treatments. We have shown that mitochondrial abnormalities are a key step in the progression of β-cell dysfunction towards dedifferentiation. In normal β-cells, mitochondria generate energy required to sustain insulin production and its finely timed release in response to the body's nutritional status. A normal β-cell can adapt its mitochondrial fuel source based on substrate availability, a concept known as "metabolic flexibility." This capability is the first casualty in the progress of β-cell failure. β-Cells lose the ability to select the right fuel for mitochondrial energy production. Mitochondria become overloaded, and accumulate by-products derived from incomplete fuel utilization. Energy production stalls, and insulin production drops, setting the stage for dedifferentiation. The ultimate goal of these investigations is to explore novel treatment paradigms that will benefit people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Accili
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - S C Talchai
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J Y Kim-Muller
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - F Cinti
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - E Ishida
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - A M Ordelheide
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - T Kuo
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J Fan
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J Son
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Wortham M, Sander M. Mechanisms of β-cell functional adaptation to changes in workload. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 1:78-86. [PMID: 27615135 PMCID: PMC5021190 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretion must be tightly coupled to nutritional state to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. To this end, pancreatic β-cells sense and respond to changes in metabolic conditions, thereby anticipating insulin demands for a given physiological context. This is achieved in part through adjustments of nutrient metabolism, which is controlled at several levels including allosteric regulation, post-translational modifications, and altered expression of metabolic enzymes. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of β-cell metabolic and functional adaptation in the context of two physiological states that alter glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: fasting and insulin resistance. We review current knowledge of metabolic changes that occur in the β-cell during adaptation and specifically discuss transcriptional mechanisms that underlie β-cell adaptation. A more comprehensive understanding of how β-cells adapt to changes in nutrient state could identify mechanisms to be co-opted for therapeutically modulating insulin secretion in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wortham
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - M Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.
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42
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a3 defines a subset of failing pancreatic β cells in diabetic mice. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12631. [PMID: 27572106 PMCID: PMC5013715 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-producing β cells become dedifferentiated during diabetes progression. An impaired ability to select substrates for oxidative phosphorylation, or metabolic inflexibility, initiates progression from β-cell dysfunction to β-cell dedifferentiation. The identification of pathways involved in dedifferentiation may provide clues to its reversal. Here we isolate and functionally characterize failing β cells from various experimental models of diabetes and report a striking enrichment in the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 isoform A3 (ALDH(+)) as β cells become dedifferentiated. Flow-sorted ALDH(+) islet cells demonstrate impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, are depleted of Foxo1 and MafA, and include a Neurogenin3-positive subset. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrates that ALDH(+) cells are characterized by: (i) impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial complex I, IV and V; (ii) activated RICTOR; and (iii) progenitor cell markers. We propose that impaired mitochondrial function marks the progression from metabolic inflexibility to dedifferentiation in the natural history of β-cell failure.
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