1
|
Jang J, Accornero F, Li D. Epigenetic determinants and non-myocardial signaling pathways contributing to heart growth and regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108638. [PMID: 38548089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect worldwide. Defective cardiac myogenesis is either a major presentation or associated with many types of congenital heart disease. Non-myocardial tissues, including endocardium and epicardium, function as a supporting hub for myocardial growth and maturation during heart development. Recent research findings suggest an emerging role of epigenetics in nonmyocytes supporting myocardial development. Understanding how growth signaling pathways in non-myocardial tissues are regulated by epigenetic factors will likely identify new disease mechanisms for congenital heart diseases and shed lights for novel therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rengel BD, Schuler-Faccini L, Fraga LR, Vianna FSL, Kowalski TW. Possible New Candidates Involved to Thalidomide-Related Limbs and Cardiac Defects: A Systems Biology Approach. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10790-w. [PMID: 38689186 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Thalidomide is a known teratogen that causes malformations especially in heart and limbs. Its mechanism of teratogenicity is still not fully elucidated. Recently, a new target of thalidomide was described, TBX5, and was observed a new interaction between HAND2 and TBX5 that is disrupted in the presence of thalidomide. Therefore, our study aimed to raise potential candidates for thalidomide teratogenesis, through systems biology, evaluating HAND2 and TBX5 interaction and heart and limbs malformations of thalidomide. Genes and proteins related to TBX5 and HAND2 were selected through TF2DNA, REACTOME, Human Phenotype Ontology, and InterPro databases. Networks were assembled using STRING © database. Network analysis were performed in Cytoscape © and R v3.6.2. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed through gene expression omnibus. We constructed a network for HAND2 and TBX5 interaction; a network for heart and limbs malformations of TE; and the two joined networks. We observed that EP300 protein seemed to be important in all networks. We also looked for proteins containing C2H2 domain in the assembled networks. ZIC3, GLI1, GLI3, ZNF148, and PRDM16 were the ones present in both heart and limbs malformations of TE networks. Furthermore, in the DGE analysis after treatment with thalidomide, we observed that FANCB, ESCO2, and XRCC2 were downregulated and present both in heart and limbs networks. Through systems biology, we were able to point to different new proteins and genes, and selected specially EP300, which was important in all the analyzed networks, to be further evaluated in the TE teratogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Duarte Rengel
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
- Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pohjolainen L, Kinnunen SM, Auno S, Kiriazis A, Pohjavaara S, Kari-Koskinen J, Zore M, Jumppanen M, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Talman V, Ruskoaho H, Välimäki MJ. Switching of hypertrophic signalling towards enhanced cardiomyocyte identity and maturity by a GATA4-targeted compound. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:5. [PMID: 38167208 PMCID: PMC10763434 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of heart failure is constantly increasing, and the prognosis of patients remains poor. New treatment strategies to preserve cardiac function and limit cardiac hypertrophy are therefore urgently needed. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are increasingly used as an experimental platform for cardiac in vitro studies. However, in contrast to adult cardiomyocytes, hiPSC-CMs display immature morphology, contractility, gene expression and metabolism and hence express a naive phenotype that resembles more of a foetal cardiomyocyte. METHODS A library of 14 novel compounds was synthesized in-house and screened for GATA4-NKX2-5 reporter activity and cellular toxicity. The most potent compound, 3i-1262, along with previously reported GATA4-acting compounds, were selected to investigate their effects on hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1 or mechanical stretch. Morphological changes and protein expression were characterized using immunofluorescence staining and high-content analysis. Changes in gene expression were studied using qPCR and RNA sequencing. RESULTS The prototype compound 3i-1262 inhibited GATA4-NKX2-5 synergy in a luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, the isoxazole compound 3i-1262 inhibited the hypertrophy biomarker B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) by reducing BNP promoter activity and proBNP expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and hiPSC-CMs, respectively. Treatment with 3i-1262 increased metabolic activity and cardiac troponin T expression in hiPSC-CMs without affecting GATA4 protein levels. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 3i-1262 induces gene expression related to metabolic activity and cell cycle exit, indicating a change in the identity and maturity status of hiPSC-CMs. The biological processes that were enriched in upregulated genes in response to 3i-1262 were downregulated in response to mechanical stretch, and conversely, the downregulated processes in response to 3i-1262 were upregulated in response to mechanical stretch. CONCLUSIONS There is currently a lack of systematic understanding of the molecular modulation and control of hiPSC-CM maturation. In this study, we demonstrated that the GATA4-interfering compound 3i-1262 reorganizes the cardiac transcription factor network and converts hypertrophic signalling towards enhanced cardiomyocyte identity and maturity. This conceptually unique approach provides a novel structural scaffold for further development as a modality to promote cardiomyocyte specification and maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Pohjolainen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini M Kinnunen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Auno
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandros Kiriazis
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saana Pohjavaara
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Kari-Koskinen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Zore
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Jumppanen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Talman
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika J Välimäki
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grunert M, Dorn C, Rickert-Sperling S. Cardiac Transcription Factors and Regulatory Networks. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:295-311. [PMID: 38884718 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac development is a fine-tuned process governed by complex transcriptional networks, in which transcription factors (TFs) interact with other regulatory layers. In this chapter, we introduce the core cardiac TFs including Gata, Hand, Nkx2, Mef2, Srf, and Tbx. These factors regulate each other's expression and can also act in a combinatorial manner on their downstream targets. Their disruption leads to various cardiac phenotypes in mice, and mutations in humans have been associated with congenital heart defects. In the second part of the chapter, we discuss different levels of regulation including cis-regulatory elements, chromatin structure, and microRNAs, which can interact with transcription factors, modulate their function, or are downstream targets. Finally, examples of disturbances of the cardiac regulatory network leading to congenital heart diseases in human are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Grunert
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Dorn
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shafi O, Siddiqui G, Jaffry HA. The benign nature and rare occurrence of cardiac myxoma as a possible consequence of the limited cardiac proliferative/ regenerative potential: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1245. [PMID: 38110859 PMCID: PMC10726542 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac Myxoma is a primary tumor of heart. Its origins, rarity of the occurrence of primary cardiac tumors and how it may be related to limited cardiac regenerative potential, are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the key cardiac genes/ transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways to understand these important questions. METHODS Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving cardiac myxoma, cardiac genes/TFs/signaling pathways and their roles in cardiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, key interactions and tumorigenesis, with focus on cardiomyocytes. RESULTS The cardiac genetic landscape is governed by a very tight control between proliferation and differentiation-related genes/TFs/pathways. Cardiac myxoma originates possibly as a consequence of dysregulations in the gene expression of differentiation regulators including Tbx5, GATA4, HAND1/2, MYOCD, HOPX, BMPs. Such dysregulations switch the expression of cardiomyocytes into progenitor-like state in cardiac myxoma development by dysregulating Isl1, Baf60 complex, Wnt, FGF, Notch, Mef2c and others. The Nkx2-5 and MSX2 contribute predominantly to both proliferation and differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs), may possibly serve roles based on the microenvironment and the direction of cell circuitry in cardiac tumorigenesis. The Nkx2-5 in cardiac myxoma may serve to limit progression of tumorigenesis as it has massive control over the proliferation of CPCs. The cardiac cell type-specific genetic programming plays governing role in controlling the tumorigenesis and regenerative potential. CONCLUSION The cardiomyocytes have very limited proliferative and regenerative potential. They survive for long periods of time and tightly maintain the gene expression of differentiation genes such as Tbx5, GATA4 that interact with tumor suppressors (TS) and exert TS like effect. The total effect such gene expression exerts is responsible for the rare occurrence and benign nature of primary cardiac tumors. This prevents the progression of tumorigenesis. But this also limits the regenerative and proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac Myxoma develops as a consequence of dysregulations in these key genes which revert the cells towards progenitor-like state, hallmark of CM. The CM development in carney complex also signifies the role of TS in cardiac cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazia Siddiqui
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hassam A Jaffry
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Komatsu V, Cooper B, Yim P, Chan K, Gong W, Wheatley L, Rohs R, Fraser SE, Trinh LA. Hand2 represses non-cardiac cell fates through chromatin remodeling at cis- regulatory elements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.23.559156. [PMID: 37790542 PMCID: PMC10542161 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.23.559156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Developmental studies have revealed the importance of the transcription factor Hand2 in cardiac development. Hand2 promotes cardiac progenitor differentiation and epithelial maturation, while repressing other tissue types. The mechanisms underlying the promotion of cardiac fates are far better understood than those underlying the repression of alternative fates. Here, we assess Hand2-dependent changes in gene expression and chromatin remodeling in cardiac progenitors of zebrafish embryos. Cell-type specific transcriptome analysis shows a dual function for Hand2 in activation of cardiac differentiation genes and repression of pronephric pathways. We identify functional cis- regulatory elements whose chromatin accessibility are increased in hand2 mutant cells. These regulatory elements associate with non-cardiac gene expression, and drive reporter gene expression in tissues associated with Hand2-repressed genes. We find that functional Hand2 is sufficient to reduce non-cardiac reporter expression in cardiac lineages. Taken together, our data support a model of Hand2-dependent coordination of transcriptional programs, not only through transcriptional activation of cardiac and epithelial maturation genes, but also through repressive chromatin remodeling at the DNA regulatory elements of non-cardiac genes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Illi B, Nasi S. Myc beyond Cancer: Regulation of Mammalian Tissue Regeneration. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:346-365. [PMID: 37606389 PMCID: PMC10443299 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc is one of the most well-known oncogenes driving tumorigenesis in a wide variety of tissues. From the brain to blood, its deregulation derails physiological pathways that grant the correct functioning of the cell. Its action is carried out at the gene expression level, where Myc governs basically every aspect of transcription. Indeed, in addition to its role as a canonical, chromatin-bound transcription factor, Myc rules RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcriptional pause-release, elongation and termination and mRNA capping. For this reason, it is evident that minimal perturbations of Myc function mirror malignant cell behavior and, consistently, a large body of literature mainly focuses on Myc malfunctioning. In healthy cells, Myc controls molecular mechanisms involved in pivotal functions, such as cell cycle (and proliferation thereof), apoptosis, metabolism and cell size, angiogenesis, differentiation and stem cell self-renewal. In this latter regard, Myc has been found to also regulate tissue regeneration, a hot topic in the research fields of aging and regenerative medicine. Indeed, Myc appears to have a role in wound healing, in peripheral nerves and in liver, pancreas and even heart recovery. Herein, we discuss the state of the art of Myc's role in tissue regeneration, giving an overview of its potent action beyond cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Nasi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rengel BD, Kowalski TW, Bremm JM, do Amaral Gomes J, Schüler-Faccini L, Vianna FSL, Fraga LR. Genetic evaluation of HAND2 gene and its effects on thalidomide embryopathy. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1354-1363. [PMID: 36177858 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HAND2 is a transcription factor important for embryonic development, required for limbs and cardiovascular development. Thalidomide is a drug responsible to a spectrum of congenital anomalies known as Thalidomide Embryopathy (TE), which includes mainly limb and heart defects. It is known that HAND2 interaction with TBX5, an important protein for limbs and heart development, is inhibited by Thalidomide. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize HAND2 in the context of TE, and to evaluate its variability in TE individuals. METHODS DNA from 35 TE subjects was extracted from saliva samples and PCR was performed for amplification and Sanger sequencing of HAND2 coding sequence. RESULTS The analysis showed only one variant; a synonymous variant p.P51 (rs59621536) in exon 1 found in three individuals. Further in silico evaluation confirmed highly HAND2 conservation, being the 3'UTR the most polymorphic region of the gene. Additional computational analyses classified the variant as neutral, without alteration in splicing and miRNA sites. In silico predictions pointed to alteration of two CpG islands adjacent to the variant; however, we did not observe any alterations on the methylation pattern of HAND2 gene in our sample. Moreover, alteration of the binding site of MeCP2, a nuclear protein involved in DNA methylation, was predicted along with alteration in HAND2 mRNA structure. CONCLUSIONS Considering HAND2 being a well conserved gene, further studies with a larger sample should be performed to evaluate the role this gene on genetic susceptibility to TE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Duarte Rengel
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, Brazil
| | - João Matheus Bremm
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia do Amaral Gomes
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schüler-Faccini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Generation of a recombinant version of a biologically active cell-permeant human HAND2 transcription factor from E. coli. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16129. [PMID: 36167810 PMCID: PMC9515176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor HAND2 has a significant role in vascularization, angiogenesis, and cardiac neural crest development. It is one of the key cardiac factors crucial for the enhanced derivation of functional and mature myocytes from non-myocyte cells. Here, we report the generation of the recombinant human HAND2 fusion protein from the heterologous system. First, we cloned the full-length human HAND2 gene (only protein-coding sequence) after codon optimization along with the fusion tags (for cell penetration, nuclear translocation, and affinity purification) into the expression vector. We then transformed and expressed it in Escherichia coli strain, BL21(DE3). Next, the effect (in terms of expression) of tagging fusion tags with this recombinant protein at two different terminals was also investigated. Using affinity chromatography, we established the one-step homogeneous purification of recombinant human HAND2 fusion protein; and through circular dichroism spectroscopy, we established that this purified protein had retained its secondary structure. We then showed that this purified human protein could transduce the human cells and translocate to its nucleus. The generated recombinant HAND2 fusion protein showed angiogenic potential in the ex vivo chicken embryo model. Following transduction in MEF2C overexpressing cardiomyoblast cells, this purified recombinant protein synergistically activated the α-MHC promoter and induced GFP expression in the α-MHC-eGFP reporter assay. Prospectively, the purified bioactive recombinant HAND2 protein can potentially be a safe and effective molecular tool in the direct cardiac reprogramming process and other biological applications.
Collapse
|
10
|
George RM, Guo S, Firulli BA, Rubart M, Firulli AB. Neonatal Deletion of Hand1 and Hand2 within Murine Cardiac Conduction System Reveals a Novel Role for HAND2 in Rhythm Homeostasis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:214. [PMID: 35877576 PMCID: PMC9324487 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9070214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system, a network of specialized cells, is required for the functioning of the heart. The basic helix loop helix factors Hand1 and Hand2 are required for cardiac morphogenesis and have been implicated in cardiac conduction system development and maintenance. Here we use embryonic and post-natal specific Cre lines to interrogate the role of Hand1 and Hand2 in the function of the murine cardiac conduction system. Results demonstrate that loss of HAND1 in the post-natal conduction system does not result in any change in electrocardiogram parameters or within the ventricular conduction system as determined by optical voltage mapping. Deletion of Hand2 within the post-natal conduction system results in sex-dependent reduction in PR interval duration in these mice, suggesting a novel role for HAND2 in regulating the atrioventricular conduction. Surprisingly, results show that loss of both HAND factors within the post-natal conduction system does not cause any consistent changes in cardiac conduction system function. Deletion of Hand2 in the embryonic left ventricle results in inconsistent prolongation of PR interval and susceptibility to atrial arrhythmias. Thus, these results suggest a novel role for HAND2 in homeostasis of the murine cardiac conduction system and that HAND1 loss potentially rescues the shortened HAND2 PR phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M. George
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.M.G.); (B.A.F.)
| | - Shuai Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Beth A. Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.M.G.); (B.A.F.)
| | - Michael Rubart
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.M.G.); (B.A.F.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Anthony B. Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.M.G.); (B.A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arroyo N, Villamayor L, Díaz I, Carmona R, Ramos-Rodríguez M, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Pasquali L, Toscano MG, Martín F, Cano DA, Rojas A. GATA4 induces liver fibrosis regression by deactivating hepatic stellate cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150059. [PMID: 34699385 PMCID: PMC8675192 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to liver injury, hepatic stellate cells activate and acquire proliferative and contractile features. The regression of liver fibrosis appears to involve the clearance of activated hepatic stellate cells, either by apoptosis or by reversion toward a quiescent-like state, a process called deactivation. Thus, deactivation of active hepatic stellate cells has emerged as a novel and promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis. However, our knowledge of the master regulators involved in the deactivation and/or activation of fibrotic hepatic stellate cells is still limited. The transcription factor GATA4 has been previously shown to play an important role in embryonic hepatic stellate cell quiescence. In this work, we show that lack of GATA4 in adult mice caused hepatic stellate cell activation and, consequently, liver fibrosis. During regression of liver fibrosis, Gata4 was reexpressed in deactivated hepatic stellate cells. Overexpression of Gata4 in hepatic stellate cells promoted liver fibrosis regression in CCl4-treated mice. GATA4 induced changes in the expression of fibrogenic and antifibrogenic genes, promoting hepatic stellate cell deactivation. Finally, we show that GATA4 directly repressed EPAS1 transcription in hepatic stellate cells and that stabilization of the HIF2α protein in hepatic stellate cells leads to liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Arroyo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Villamayor
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Carmona
- Universidad de Málaga y Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Legal Medicine and History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mireia Ramos-Rodríguez
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Franz Martín
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David A Cano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mechanisms of Binding Specificity among bHLH Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179150. [PMID: 34502060 PMCID: PMC8431614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of every cell is orchestrated by the complex network of interaction between transcription factors (TFs) and their binding sites on DNA. Disruption of this network can result in many forms of organism malfunction but also can be the substrate of positive natural selection. However, understanding the specific determinants of each of these individual TF-DNA interactions is a challenging task as it requires integrating the multiple possible mechanisms by which a given TF ends up interacting with a specific genomic region. These mechanisms include DNA motif preferences, which can be determined by nucleotide sequence but also by DNA’s shape; post-translational modifications of the TF, such as phosphorylation; and dimerization partners and co-factors, which can mediate multiple forms of direct or indirect cooperative binding. Binding can also be affected by epigenetic modifications of putative target regions, including DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy. In this review, we describe how all these mechanisms have a role and crosstalk in one specific family of TFs, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), with a very conserved DNA binding domain and a similar DNA preferred motif, the E-box. Here, we compile and discuss a rich catalog of strategies used by bHLH to acquire TF-specific genome-wide landscapes of binding sites.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pagiatakis C, Di Mauro V. The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Therapeutic Targeting of Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168721. [PMID: 34445422 PMCID: PMC8395924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) are a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases accountable for the majority of cases of heart failure (HF) and/or sudden cardiac death (SCD) worldwide. With the recent advances in genomics, the original classification of CMPs on the basis of morphological and functional criteria (dilated (DCM), hypertrophic (HCM), restrictive (RCM), and arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy (AVC)) was further refined into genetic (inherited or familial) and acquired (non-inherited or secondary) forms. Despite substantial progress in the identification of novel CMP-associated genetic variations, as well as improved clinical recognition diagnoses, the functional consequences of these mutations and the exact details of the signaling pathways leading to hypertrophy, dilation, and/or contractile impairment remain elusive. To date, global research has mainly focused on the genetic factors underlying CMP pathogenesis. However, growing evidence shows that alterations in molecular mediators associated with the diagnosis of CMPs are not always correlated with genetic mutations, suggesting that additional mechanisms, such as epigenetics, may play a role in the onset or progression of CMPs. This review summarizes published findings of inherited CMPs with a specific focus on the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating these cardiac disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pagiatakis
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Vittoria Di Mauro
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Milan Unit, National Research Council, Via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (V.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lemay SE, Awada C, Shimauchi T, Wu WH, Bonnet S, Provencher S, Boucherat O. Fetal Gene Reactivation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: GOOD, BAD, or BOTH? Cells 2021; 10:1473. [PMID: 34208388 PMCID: PMC8231250 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a debilitating chronic disorder marked by the progressive obliteration of the pre-capillary arterioles. This imposes a pressure overload on the right ventricle (RV) pushing the latter to undergo structural and mechanical adaptations that inexorably culminate in RV failure and death. Thanks to the advances in molecular biology, it has been proposed that some aspects of the RV and pulmonary vascular remodeling processes are orchestrated by a subversion of developmental regulatory mechanisms with an upregulation of a suite of genes responsible for the embryo's early growth and normally repressed in adults. In this review, we present relevant background regarding the close relationship between overactivation of fetal genes and cardiopulmonary remodeling, exploring whether the reawakening of developmental factors plays a causative role or constitutes a protective mechanism in the setting of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Eve Lemay
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Charifa Awada
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Tsukasa Shimauchi
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Wen-Hui Wu
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-E.L.); (C.A.); (T.S.); (W.-H.W.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miyamoto M, Gangrade H, Tampakakis E. Understanding Heart Field Progenitor Cells for Modeling Congenital Heart Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:38. [PMID: 33694131 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart development is a meticulously coordinated process that involves the specification of two distinct populations of cardiac progenitor cells, namely the first and the second heart field. Disruption of heart field progenitors can result in congenital heart defects. In this review, we aim to describe the signaling pathways and transcription factors that link heart field development and congenital heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS Single-cell transcriptomics, lineage-tracing mouse models, and stem cell-based in vitro modeling of cardiogenesis have significantly improved the spatiotemporal characterization of cardiac progenitors. Additionally, novel functional genomic studies have now linked more genetic variants with congenital heart disease. Dysregulation of cardiac progenitor cells causes malformations that can be lethal. Ongoing research will continue to shed light on cardiac morphogenesis and help us better understand and treat patients with congenital heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 835, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Harshi Gangrade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 835, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 835, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rilo-Alvarez H, Ledo AM, Vidal A, Garcia-Fuentes M. Delivery of transcription factors as modulators of cell differentiation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:426-444. [PMID: 33611769 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental studies performed during the last decades have shown that cell fate is much more plastic than previously considered, and technologies for its manipulation are a keystone for many new tissue regeneration therapies. Transcription factors (TFs) are DNA-binding proteins that control gene expression, and they have critical roles in the control of cell fate and other cellular behavior. TF-based therapies have much medical potential, but their use as drugs depends on the development of suitable delivery technologies that can help them reach their action site inside of the cells. TFs can be used either as proteins or encoded in polynucleotides. When used in protein form, many TFs require to be associated to a cell-penetrating peptide or another transduction domain. As polynucleotides, they can be delivered either by viral carriers or by non-viral systems such as polyplexes and lipoplexes. TF-based therapies have extensively shown their potential to solve many tissue-engineering problems, including bone, cartilage and cardiac regeneration. Yet, their use has expanded beyond regenerative medicine to other prominent disease areas such as cancer therapy and immunomodulation. This review summarizes some of the delivery options for effective TF-based therapies and their current main applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Rilo-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, IDIS Research Institute, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adriana M Ledo
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc, 700 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Anxo Vidal
- Department of Physiology, IDIS Research Institute, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos Garcia-Fuentes
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, IDIS Research Institute, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu L, He F, Huang M, Zhao Q, Cheng L, Said N, Zhou Z, Liu F, Dai YS. SPARC promotes insulin secretion through down-regulation of RGS4 protein in pancreatic β cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17581. [PMID: 33067534 PMCID: PMC7567887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SPARC-deficient mice have been shown to exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we showed that SPARC enhanced the promoting effect of Muscarinic receptor agonist oxotremorine-M on insulin secretion in cultured mouse islets. Overexpression of SPARC down-regulated RGS4, a negative regulator of β-cell M3 muscarinic receptors. Conversely, knockdown of SPARC up-regulated RGS4 in Min6 cells. RGS4 was up-regulated in islets from sparc -/- mice, which correlated with decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Furthermore, inhibition of RGS4 restored GSIS in the islets from sparc -/- mice, and knockdown of RGS4 partially decreased the promoting effect of SPARC on oxotremorine-M-stimulated insulin secretion. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY-294002 abolished SPARC-induced down-regulation of RGS4. Taken together, our data revealed that SPARC promoted GSIS by inhibiting RGS4 in pancreatic β cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fengli He
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meifeng Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lamei Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yan-Shan Dai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Regeneration is the process by which organisms replace lost or damaged tissue, and regenerative capacity can vary greatly among species, tissues and life stages. Tissue regeneration shares certain hallmarks of embryonic development, in that lineage-specific factors can be repurposed upon injury to initiate morphogenesis; however, many differences exist between regeneration and embryogenesis. Recent studies of regenerating tissues in laboratory model organisms - such as acoel worms, frogs, fish and mice - have revealed that chromatin structure, dedicated enhancers and transcriptional networks are regulated in a context-specific manner to control key gene expression programmes. A deeper mechanistic understanding of the gene regulatory networks of regeneration pathways might ultimately enable their targeted reactivation as a means to treat human injuries and degenerative diseases. In this Review, we consider the regeneration of body parts across a range of tissues and species to explore common themes and potentially exploitable elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chu L, Yin H, Gao L, Gao L, Xia Y, Zhang C, Chen Y, Liu T, Huang J, Boheler KR, Zhou Y, Yang HT. Cardiac Na +-Ca 2+ exchanger 1 (ncx1h) is critical for the ventricular cardiomyocyte formation via regulating the expression levels of gata4 and hand2 in zebrafish. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:255-268. [PMID: 32648190 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is critical for heart development; however, the precise roles and regulatory pathways of Ca2+ transport proteins in cardiogenesis remain largely unknown. Sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (Ncx1) is responsible for Ca2+ efflux in cardiomyocytes. It is involved in cardiogenesis, while the mechanism is unclear. Here, using the forward genetic screening in zebrafish, we identified a novel mutation at a highly-conserved leucine residue in ncx1 gene (mutantLDD353/ncx1hL154P) that led to smaller hearts with reduced heart rate and weak contraction. Mechanistically, the number of ventricular but not atrial cardiomyocytes was reduced in ncx1hL154P zebrafish. These defects were mimicked by knockdown or knockout of ncx1h. Moreover, ncx1hL154P had cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading and Ca2+ transient suppression in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, ncx1hL154P and ncx1h morphants downregulated cardiac transcription factors hand2 and gata4 in the cardiac regions, while overexpression of hand2 and gata4 partially rescued cardiac defects including the number of ventricular myocytes. These findings demonstrate an essential role of the novel 154th leucine residue in the maintenance of Ncx1 function in zebrafish, and reveal previous unrecognized critical roles of the 154th leucine residue and Ncx1 in the formation of ventricular cardiomyocytes by at least partially regulating the expression levels of gata4 and hand2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huimin Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chiyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tingxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jijun Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Akerberg BN, Pu WT. Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Heart Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036756. [PMID: 31818853 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A transcriptional program implemented by transcription factors and epigenetic regulators governs cardiac development and disease. Mutations in these factors are important causes of congenital heart disease. Here, we review selected recent advances in our understanding of the transcriptional and epigenetic control of heart development, including determinants of cardiac transcription factor chromatin occupancy, the gene regulatory network that regulates atrial septation, the chromatin landscape and cardiac gene regulation, and the role of Brg/Brahma-associated factor (BAF), nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NuRD), and Polycomb epigenetic regulatory complexes in heart development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gaddelapati SC, Dhandapani RK, Palli SR. CREB-binding protein regulates metamorphosis and compound eye development in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194576. [PMID: 32389826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormones (JH) and ecdysone coordinately regulate metamorphosis in Aedes aegypti. We studied the function of an epigenetic regulator and multifunctional transactivator, CREB binding protein (CBP) in A. aegypti. RNAi-mediated knockdown of CBP in Ae. aegypti larvae resulted in suppression of JH primary response gene, Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1), and induction of primary ecdysone response gene, E93, resulting in multiple effects including early metamorphosis, larval-pupal intermediate formation, mortality and inhibition of compound eye development. RNA sequencing identified hundreds of genes, including JH and ecdysone response genes regulated by CBP. In the presence of JH, CBP upregulates Kr-h1 by acetylating core histones at the Kr-h1 promoter and facilitating the recruitment of JH receptor and other proteins. CBP suppresses metamorphosis regulators, EcR-A, USP-A, BR-C, and E93 through the upregulation of Kr-h1 and E75A. CBP regulates the expression of core eye specification genes including those involved in TGF-β and EGFR signaling. These studies demonstrate that CBP is an essential player in JH and 20E action and regulates metamorphosis and compound eye development in Ae. aegypti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cohen ASA, Simotas C, Webb BD, Shi H, Khan WA, Edelmann L, Scott SA, Singh R. Haploinsufficiency of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND2 causes congenital heart defects. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1263-1267. [PMID: 32134193 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are caused by a disruption in heart morphogenesis, which is dependent, in part, on a network of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate myocardial development. Heterozygous sequence variants in the basic helix-loop-helix TF gene heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (HAND2) have been reported among some patients with CHDs; however, HAND2 has not yet been established as a Mendelian disease gene. We report a 31-month-old male with unicommissural unicuspid aortic valve, moderate aortic stenosis, and mild pulmonic stenosis. Chromosome analysis revealed a normal 46,XY karyotype, and a CHD sequencing panel was negative for pathogenic variants in NKX2.5, GATA4, TBX5, and CHD7. However, chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing identified a heterozygous 546.0-kb deletion on chromosome 4q34.1 (174364195_174910239[GRCh37/hg19]) that included exons 1 and 2 of SCRG1, HAND2, and HAND2-AS1. Familial CMA testing determined that the deletion was paternally inherited, which supported a likely pathogenic classification as the proband's father had previously undergone surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot. The family history was also notable for a paternal uncle who had previously died from complications related to an unknown heart defect. Taken together, this first report of a HAND2 and HAND2-AS1 deletion in a family with CHDs strongly supports haploinsufficiency of HAND2 as an autosomal dominant cause of CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S A Cohen
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Bryn D Webb
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Wahab A Khan
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Edelmann
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stuart A Scott
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ram Singh
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ronzoni FL, Lemeille S, Kuzyakiv R, Sampaolesi M, Jaconi ME. Human fetal mesoangioblasts reveal tissue-dependent transcriptional signatures. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:575-589. [PMID: 31975556 PMCID: PMC7180296 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoangioblasts (MABs) derived from adult skeletal muscles are well‐studied adult stem/progenitor cells that already entered clinical trials for muscle regeneration in genetic diseases; however, the transcriptional identity of human fetal MABs (fMABs) remains largely unknown. Herein we analyzed the transcriptome of MABs isolated according to canonical markers from fetal atrium, ventricle, aorta, and skeletal muscles (from 9.5 to 13 weeks of age) to uncover specific gene signatures correlating with their peculiar myogenic differentiation properties inherent to their tissue of origin. RNA‐seq analysis revealed for the first time that human MABs from fetal aorta, cardiac (atrial and ventricular), and skeletal muscles display subsets of differentially expressed genes likely representing distinct expression signatures indicative of their original tissue. Identified GO biological processes and KEGG pathways likely account for their distinct differentiation outcomes and provide a set of critical genes possibly predicting future specific differentiation outcomes. This study reveals novel information regarding the potential of human fMABs that may help to improve specific differentiation outcomes relevant for therapeutic muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio L Ronzoni
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rostyslav Kuzyakiv
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Public Health, Forensic and Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Center for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marisa E Jaconi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Isoform Specific Effects of Mef2C during Direct Cardiac Reprogramming. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020268. [PMID: 31979018 PMCID: PMC7072587 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) by forced expression of defined factors holds great potential for regenerative medicine by offering an alternative strategy for treatment of heart disease. Successful iCM conversion can be achieved by minimally using three transcription factors, Mef2c (M), Gata4(G), and Tbx5 (T). Despite increasing interest in iCM mechanistic studies using MGT(polycistronic construct with optimal expression of M,G and T), the reprogramming efficiency varies among different laboratories. Two main Mef2c isoforms (isoform2, Mi2 and isoform4, Mi4) are present in heart and are used separately by different labs, for iCM reprogramming. It is currently unknown if differently spliced isoform of Mef2c contributes to varied reprogramming efficiency. Here, we used Mi2 and Mi4 together with Gata4 and Tbx5 in separate vectors or polycistronic vector, to convert fibroblasts to iCMs. We found that Mi2 can induce higher reprogramming efficiency than Mi4 in MEFs. Addition of Hand2 to MGT retroviral cocktail or polycistronic Mi2-GT retroviruses further enhanced the iCM conversion. Overall, this study demonstrated the isoform specific effects of Mef2c, during iCM reprogramming, clarified some discrepancy about varied efficiency among labs and might lead to future research into the role of alternative splicing and the consequent variants in cell fate determination.
Collapse
|
25
|
Nakato R, Wada Y, Nakaki R, Nagae G, Katou Y, Tsutsumi S, Nakajima N, Fukuhara H, Iguchi A, Kohro T, Kanki Y, Saito Y, Kobayashi M, Izumi-Taguchi A, Osato N, Tatsuno K, Kamio A, Hayashi-Takanaka Y, Wada H, Ohta S, Aikawa M, Nakajima H, Nakamura M, McGee RC, Heppner KW, Kawakatsu T, Genno M, Yanase H, Kume H, Senbonmatsu T, Homma Y, Nishimura S, Mitsuyama T, Aburatani H, Kimura H, Shirahige K. Comprehensive epigenome characterization reveals diverse transcriptional regulation across human vascular endothelial cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:77. [PMID: 31856914 PMCID: PMC6921469 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells (ECs) make up the innermost layer throughout the entire vasculature. Their phenotypes and physiological functions are initially regulated by developmental signals and extracellular stimuli. The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the diverse phenotypes of ECs from different organs are not well understood. Results To characterize the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscape in the vascular system, we cataloged gene expression and active histone marks in nine types of human ECs (generating 148 genome-wide datasets) and carried out a comprehensive analysis with chromatin interaction data. We developed a robust procedure for comparative epigenome analysis that circumvents variations at the level of the individual and technical noise derived from sample preparation under various conditions. Through this approach, we identified 3765 EC-specific enhancers, some of which were associated with disease-associated genetic variations. We also identified various candidate marker genes for each EC type. We found that the nine EC types can be divided into two subgroups, corresponding to those with upper-body origins and lower-body origins, based on their epigenomic landscape. Epigenomic variations were highly correlated with gene expression patterns, but also provided unique information. Most of the deferentially expressed genes and enhancers were cooperatively enriched in more than one EC type, suggesting that the distinct combinations of multiple genes play key roles in the diverse phenotypes across EC types. Notably, many homeobox genes were differentially expressed across EC types, and their expression was correlated with the relative position of each organ in the body. This reflects the developmental origins of ECs and their roles in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and wound healing. Conclusions This comprehensive analysis of epigenome characterization of EC types reveals diverse transcriptional regulation across human vascular systems. These datasets provide a valuable resource for understanding the vascular system and associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Nakato
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan. .,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Genta Nagae
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yuki Katou
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Natsu Nakajima
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Clinical Informatics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.,Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Mika Kobayashi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Osato
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatsuno
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Asuka Kamio
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yoko Hayashi-Takanaka
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiromi Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Brain Attack Center, Ohta Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, 720-0825, Japan
| | - Shinzo Ohta
- Brain Attack Center, Ohta Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, 720-0825, Japan
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology and the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsuo Kawakatsu
- Bio-Medical Department, Kurabo Industries Ltd., Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-0823, Japan
| | - Michiru Genno
- Bio-Medical Department, Kurabo Industries Ltd., Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-0823, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yanase
- Bio-Medical Department, Kurabo Industries Ltd., Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-0823, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takaaki Senbonmatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nishimura
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Toutai Mitsuyama
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan. .,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan. .,Laboratory of Functional Nuclear Imaging, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan. .,Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maliken BD, Kanisicak O, Karch J, Khalil H, Fu X, Boyer JG, Prasad V, Zheng Y, Molkentin JD. Gata4-Dependent Differentiation of c-Kit +-Derived Endothelial Cells Underlies Artefactual Cardiomyocyte Regeneration in the Heart. Circulation 2019; 138:1012-1024. [PMID: 29666070 PMCID: PMC6125755 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Although c-Kit+ adult progenitor cells were initially reported to produce new cardiomyocytes in the heart, recent genetic evidence suggests that such events are exceedingly rare. However, to determine if these rare events represent true de novo cardiomyocyte formation, we deleted the necessary cardiogenic transcription factors Gata4 and Gata6 from c-Kit–expressing cardiac progenitor cells. Methods: Kit allele–dependent lineage tracing and fusion analysis were performed in mice following simultaneous Gata4 and Gata6 cell type–specific deletion to examine rates of putative de novo cardiomyocyte formation from c-Kit+ cells. Bone marrow transplantation experiments were used to define the contribution of Kit allele–derived hematopoietic cells versus Kit lineage–dependent cells endogenous to the heart in contributing to apparent de novo lineage-traced cardiomyocytes. A Tie2CreERT2 transgene was also used to examine the global impact of Gata4 deletion on the mature cardiac endothelial cell network, which was further evaluated with select angiogenesis assays. Results: Deletion of Gata4 in Kit lineage–derived endothelial cells or in total endothelial cells using the Tie2CreERT2 transgene, but not from bone morrow cells, resulted in profound endothelial cell expansion, defective endothelial cell differentiation, leukocyte infiltration into the heart, and a dramatic increase in Kit allele–dependent lineage-traced cardiomyocytes. However, this increase in labeled cardiomyocytes was an artefact of greater leukocyte-cardiomyocyte cellular fusion because of defective endothelial cell differentiation in the absence of Gata4. Conclusions: Past identification of presumed de novo cardiomyocyte formation in the heart from c-Kit+ cells using Kit allele lineage tracing appears to be an artefact of labeled leukocyte fusion with cardiomyocytes. Deletion of Gata4 from c-Kit+ endothelial progenitor cells or adult endothelial cells negatively impacted angiogenesis and capillary network integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Maliken
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Jason Karch
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Hadi Khalil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | | | - Justin G Boyer
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.).,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, OH (J.G.B., J.D.M)
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.).,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, OH (J.G.B., J.D.M)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Välimäki MJ, Ruskoaho HJ. Targeting GATA4 for cardiac repair. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:68-79. [PMID: 31419020 PMCID: PMC6973159 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various strategies have been applied to replace the loss of cardiomyocytes in order to restore reduced cardiac function and prevent the progression of heart disease. Intensive research efforts in the field of cellular reprogramming and cell transplantation may eventually lead to efficient in vivo applications for the treatment of cardiac injuries, representing a novel treatment strategy for regenerative medicine. Modulation of cardiac transcription factor (TF) networks by chemical entities represents another viable option for therapeutic interventions. Comprehensive screening projects have revealed a number of molecular entities acting on molecular pathways highly critical for cellular lineage commitment and differentiation, including compounds targeting Wnt- and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-signaling. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that GATA4 and NKX2-5 are essential TFs in gene regulation of cardiac development and hypertrophy. For example, both of these TFs are required to fully activate mechanical stretch-responsive genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). We have previously reported that the compound 3i-1000 efficiently inhibited the synergy of the GATA4-NKX2-5 interaction. Cellular effects of 3i-1000 have been further characterized in a number of confirmatory in vitro bioassays, including rat cardiac myocytes and animal models of ischemic injury and angiotensin II-induced pressure overload, suggesting the potential for small molecule-induced cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika J Välimäki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki J Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fang T, Zhu Y, Xu A, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Huang G, Sheng W, Chen M. Functional analysis of the congenital heart disease‑associated GATA4 H436Y mutation in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2325-2331. [PMID: 31322241 PMCID: PMC6691264 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of developmental defect, with high rates of morbidity in infants. The transcription factor GATA‑binding factor 4 (GATA4) has been reported to serve a critical role in embryogenesis and cardiac development. Our previous study reported a heterozygous GATA4 c.1306C>T (p.H436Y) mutation in four Chinese infants with congenital heart defects. In the present study, functional analysis of the GATA4 H436Y mutation was performed in vitro. The functional effect of GATA4 mutation was compared with GATA4 wild‑type using a dual‑luciferase reporter assay system and immunofluorescence. Electrophoretic mobility‑shift assays were performed to explore the binding affinity of the mutated GATA4 to the heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (HAND2) gene. The results revealed that the mutation had no effect on normal nuclear localization, but resulted in diminished GATA‑binding affinity to HAND2 and significantly decreased gene transcriptional activation. These results indicated that this GATA4 mutation may not influence cellular localization in transfected cells, but may affect the affinity of the GATA‑binding site on HAND2 and decrease transcriptional activity, thus suggesting that the GATA4 mutation may be associated with the pathogenesis of CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Anlan Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Anhui Women and Child Health Care Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Qingfa Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Mingwu Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cardiac Reprogramming Factors Synergistically Activate Genome-wide Cardiogenic Stage-Specific Enhancers. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:69-86.e5. [PMID: 31080136 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardiogenic transcription factors (TFs) Mef2c, Gata4, and Tbx5 can directly reprogram fibroblasts to induced cardiac-like myocytes (iCLMs), presenting a potential source of cells for cardiac repair. While activity of these TFs is enhanced by Hand2 and Akt1, their genomic targets and interactions during reprogramming are not well studied. We performed genome-wide analyses of cardiogenic TF binding and enhancer profiling during cardiac reprogramming. We found that these TFs synergistically activate enhancers highlighted by Mef2c binding sites and that Hand2 and Akt1 coordinately recruit other TFs to enhancer elements. Intriguingly, these enhancer landscapes collectively resemble patterns of enhancer activation during embryonic cardiogenesis. We further constructed a cardiac reprogramming gene regulatory network and found repression of EGFR signaling pathway genes. Consistently, chemical inhibition of EGFR signaling augmented reprogramming. Thus, by defining epigenetic landscapes these findings reveal synergistic transcriptional activation across a broad landscape of cardiac enhancers and key signaling pathways that govern iCLM reprogramming.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gharaat MA, Kashef M, Jameie B, Rajabi H. Regulation of PI3K and Hand2 gene on physiological hypertrophy of heart following high-intensity interval, and endurance training. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:32. [PMID: 31143233 PMCID: PMC6521743 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_292_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Physical training signals cardiac hypertrophy through PI3K as an upstream and Hand2 gene as a downstream agent. The present study aimed to find the role of PI3K and Hand2 gene in myocardial hypertrophy following interval and endurance training (ET). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult Wistar male rats (210–250 g) randomly divided into control, sham, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and ET group. Swimming time in ET increased incrementally 30–75 min, whereas in HIIT, load/body weight, and time/rest ratio increased within 12 weeks. Heart morphometry, including left ventricle end systolic (LVESV) and Diastolic (LVEDV) volume, LV posterior wall (LVPW), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), fraction shortening (%FS), pure heart weight (HW) and left ventricle weight (LVW), and PI3K and Hand2 gene expression were measured. Results: HW and LVW were significantly more than control after ET (P < 0.05) and HIIT (P < 0.05). Both of the training groups demonstrated significantly thicker LVPW (P < 0.05), SV (P < 0.05), and %FS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PI3K concentration and Hand2 expression significantly increased in ET (P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively) and HIIT (P < 0.05; P < 0.001, respectively) compared to control. Conclusion: It can be concluded that this training protocol caused physiological hypertrophy in both of ET and HIIT groups, whereas HIIT can be more beneficial because of shorter training time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Gharaat
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kashef
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang M, Ling W, Xiong C, Xie D, Chu X, Li Y, Qiu X, Li Y, Xiao X. Potential Strategies for Cardiac Diseases: Lineage Reprogramming of Somatic Cells into Induced Cardiomyocytes. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:63-77. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhui Ling
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxia Xiong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dengfeng Xie
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Chu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxin Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuemin Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wilmanns JC, Pandey R, Hon O, Chandran A, Schilling JM, Forte E, Wu Q, Cagnone G, Bais P, Philip V, Coleman D, Kocalis H, Archer SK, Pearson JT, Ramialison M, Heineke J, Patel HH, Rosenthal NA, Furtado MB, Costa MW. Metformin intervention prevents cardiac dysfunction in a murine model of adult congenital heart disease. Mol Metab 2019; 20:102-114. [PMID: 30482476 PMCID: PMC6358551 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect worldwide. The number of adult patients with CHD, now referred to as ACHD, is increasing with improved surgical and treatment interventions. However the mechanisms whereby ACHD predisposes patients to heart dysfunction are still unclear. ACHD is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, but how ACHD interacts with poor modern lifestyle choices and other comorbidities, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, is mostly unknown. METHODS We used a newly characterized mouse genetic model of ACHD to investigate the consequences and the mechanisms associated with combined obesity and ACHD predisposition. Metformin intervention was used to further evaluate potential therapeutic amelioration of cardiac dysfunction in this model. RESULTS ACHD mice placed under metabolic stress (high fat diet) displayed decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis showed that ACHD hearts exhibited early changes in energy metabolism with increased glucose dependence as main cardiac energy source. These changes preceded cardiac dysfunction mediated by exposure to high fat diet and were associated with increased disease severity. Restoration of metabolic balance by metformin administration prevented the development of heart dysfunction in ACHD predisposed mice. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that early metabolic impairment reinforces heart dysfunction in ACHD predisposed individuals and diet or pharmacological interventions can be used to modulate heart function and attenuate heart failure. Our study suggests that interactions between genetic and metabolic disturbances ultimately lead to the clinical presentation of heart failure in patients with ACHD. Early manipulation of energy metabolism may be an important avenue for intervention in ACHD patients to prevent or delay onset of heart failure and secondary comorbidities. These interactions raise the prospect for a translational reassessment of ACHD presentation in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Wilmanns
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Experimental Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | - Anjana Chandran
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | - Qizhu Wu
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Australia
| | - Gael Cagnone
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Stuart K Archer
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - James T Pearson
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Australia; National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita 565-8565, Japan
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia; Systems Biology Institute, Australia
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Experimental Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Milena B Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia
| | - Mauro W Costa
- The Jackson Laboratory, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen J, Wang S, Pang S, Cui Y, Yan B, Hawley RG. Functional genetic variants of the GATA4 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2861-2868. [PMID: 30720078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a common complex disease; however, the genetic causes remain largely unknown. Recent epidemiological investigations indicated that the incidence of CAD in patients with congenital heart diseases is markedly higher than that observed in healthy controls. It was therefore hypothesized that the dysregulated expression of cardiac developmental genes may be involved in CAD development. GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) serves essential roles in heart development and coronary vessel formation. In the present study, the GATA4 gene promoter was analyzed in patients with AMI (n=395) and in ethnically‑matched healthy controls (n=397). A total of 14 DNA variants were identified, including two single‑nucleotide polymorphisms. Three novel heterozygous DNA variants (g.31806C>T, g.31900G>C and g.32241C>T) were reported in three patients with AMI. These DNA variants significantly increased the activity of the GATA4 gene promoter. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the DNA variant g.32241C>T influenced the binding ability of transcription factors. Taken together, the DNA variants may alter GATA4 gene promoter activity and affect GATA4 levels, thus contributing to AMI development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Contractile deficits in engineered cardiac microtissues as a result of MYBPC3 deficiency and mechanical overload. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:955-967. [PMID: 31015724 PMCID: PMC6482859 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The integration of in vitro cardiac tissue models, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and genome-editing tools allows for the enhanced interrogation of physiological phenotypes and the recapitulation of disease pathologies. Here, in a cardiac tissue model consisting of filamentous 3D matrices populated with cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from healthy wild-type hiPSCs (WT hiPSC-CMs) or from isogenic hiPSCs deficient in the sarcomere protein cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3−/− hiPSC-CMs), we show that the WT microtissues adapted to the mechanical environment with increased contraction force commensurate to matrix stiffness, whereas the MYBPC3−/− microtissues exhibited impaired force-development kinetics regardless of matrix stiffness and deficient contraction force only when grown on matrices with high fiber stiffness. Under mechanical overload, the MYBPC3−/− microtissues had a higher degree of calcium transient abnormalities, and exhibited an accelerated decay of calcium dynamics as well as calcium desensitization, which accelerated when contracting against stiffer fibers. Our findings suggest that MYBPC3 deficiency and the presence of environmental stresses synergistically lead to contractile deficits in the cardiac tissues.
Collapse
|
35
|
Direct Cardiac Reprogramming: Progress and Promise. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1435746. [PMID: 29731772 PMCID: PMC5872587 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1435746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human adult heart lacks a robust endogenous repair mechanism to fully restore cardiac function after insult; thus, the ability to regenerate and repair the injured myocardium remains a top priority in treating heart failure. The ability to efficiently generate a large number of functioning cardiomyocytes capable of functional integration within the injured heart has been difficult. However, the ability to directly convert fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells both in vitro and in vivo offers great promise in overcoming this problem. In this review, we describe the insights and progress that have been gained from the investigation of direct cardiac reprogramming. We focus on the use of key transcription factors and cardiogenic genes as well as on the use of other biological molecules such as small molecules, cytokines, noncoding RNAs, and epigenetic modifiers to improve the efficiency of cardiac reprogramming. Finally, we discuss the development of safer reprogramming approaches for future clinical application.
Collapse
|
36
|
HAND2 Target Gene Regulatory Networks Control Atrioventricular Canal and Cardiac Valve Development. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1602-1613. [PMID: 28538179 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The HAND2 transcriptional regulator controls cardiac development, and we uncover additional essential functions in the endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) underlying cardiac cushion development in the atrioventricular canal (AVC). In Hand2-deficient mouse embryos, the EMT underlying AVC cardiac cushion formation is disrupted, and we combined ChIP-seq of embryonic hearts with transcriptome analysis of wild-type and mutants AVCs to identify the functionally relevant HAND2 target genes. The HAND2 target gene regulatory network (GRN) includes most genes with known functions in EMT processes and AVC cardiac cushion formation. One of these is Snai1, an EMT master regulator whose expression is lost from Hand2-deficient AVCs. Re-expression of Snai1 in mutant AVC explants partially restores this EMT and mesenchymal cell migration. Furthermore, the HAND2-interacting enhancers in the Snai1 genomic landscape are active in embryonic hearts and other Snai1-expressing tissues. These results show that HAND2 directly regulates the molecular cascades initiating AVC cardiac valve development.
Collapse
|
37
|
Välimäki MJ, Tölli MA, Kinnunen SM, Aro J, Serpi R, Pohjolainen L, Talman V, Poso A, Ruskoaho HJ. Discovery of Small Molecules Targeting the Synergy of Cardiac Transcription Factors GATA4 and NKX2-5. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7781-7798. [PMID: 28858485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors are pivotal regulators of gene transcription, and many diseases are associated with the deregulation of transcriptional networks. In the heart, the transcription factors GATA4 and NKX2-5 are required for cardiogenesis. GATA4 and NKX2-5 interact physically, and the activation of GATA4, in cooperation with NKX2-5, is essential for stretch-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Here, we report the identification of four small molecule families that either inhibit or enhance the GATA4-NKX2-5 transcriptional synergy. A fragment-based screening, reporter gene assay, and pharmacophore search were utilized for the small molecule screening, identification, and optimization. The compounds modulated the hypertrophic agonist-induced cardiac gene expression. The most potent hit compound, N-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]-5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (3, IC50 = 3 μM), exhibited no activity on the protein kinases involved in the regulation of GATA4 phosphorylation. The identified and chemically and biologically characterized active compound, and its derivatives may provide a novel class of small molecules for modulating heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika J Välimäki
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.,Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu , Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Marja A Tölli
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu , Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Sini M Kinnunen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.,Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu , Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Jani Aro
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu , Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Raisa Serpi
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu , Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Lotta Pohjolainen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Virpi Talman
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Heikki J Ruskoaho
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.,Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu , Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Umei TC, Yamakawa H, Muraoka N, Sadahiro T, Isomi M, Haginiwa S, Kojima H, Kurotsu S, Tamura F, Osakabe R, Tani H, Nara K, Miyoshi H, Fukuda K, Ieda M. Single-Construct Polycistronic Doxycycline-Inducible Vectors Improve Direct Cardiac Reprogramming and Can Be Used to Identify the Critical Timing of Transgene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081805. [PMID: 28825623 PMCID: PMC5578192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct reprogramming is a promising approach in regenerative medicine. Overexpression of the cardiac transcription factors Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT) or GMT plus Hand2 (GHMT) directly reprogram fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs). However, the critical timing of transgene expression and the molecular mechanisms for cardiac reprogramming remain unclear. The conventional doxycycline (Dox)-inducible temporal transgene expression systems require simultaneous transduction of two vectors (pLVX-rtTA/pLVX-cDNA) harboring the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) and the tetracycline response element (TRE)-controlled transgene, respectively, leading to inefficient cardiac reprogramming. Herein, we developed a single-construct-based polycistronic Dox-inducible vector (pDox-cDNA) expressing both the rtTA and TRE-controlled transgenes. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunostaining revealed that pDox-GMT increased cardiac reprogramming three-fold compared to the conventional pLVX-rtTA/pLVX-GMT. After four weeks, pDox-GMT-induced iCMs expressed multiple cardiac genes, produced sarcomeric structures, and beat spontaneously. Co-transduction of pDox-Hand2 with retroviral pMX-GMT increased cardiac reprogramming three-fold compared to pMX-GMT alone. Temporal Dox administration revealed that Hand2 transgene expression is critical during the first two weeks of cardiac reprogramming. Microarray analyses demonstrated that Hand2 represses cell cycle-promoting genes and enhances cardiac reprogramming. Thus, we have developed an efficient temporal transgene expression system, which could be invaluable in the study of cardiac reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko C Umei
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Naoto Muraoka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Taketaro Sadahiro
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Mari Isomi
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Sho Haginiwa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Kojima
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Shota Kurotsu
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Fumiya Tamura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Rina Osakabe
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kaori Nara
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Santhekadur PK, Kumar DP, Seneshaw M, Mirshahi F, Sanyal AJ. The multifaceted role of natriuretic peptides in metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:826-835. [PMID: 28599248 PMCID: PMC5737745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to globalization and sophisticated western and sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome has emerged as a serious public health challenge. Obesity is significantly increasing worldwide because of increased high calorie food intake and decreased physical activity leading to hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. Thus, metabolic syndrome constitutes cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and recently some cancers are also considered to be associated with this syndrome. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of natriuretic peptides (NP) in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. The natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones, which are produced in the cardiac atrium, ventricles of the heart and the endothelium. These peptides are involved in the homeostatic control of body water, sodium intake, potassium transport, lipolysis in adipocytes and regulates blood pressure. The three known natriuretic peptide hormones present in the natriuretic system are atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). These three peptides primarily function as endogenous ligands and mainly act via their membrane receptors such as natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) and natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) and regulate various physiological and metabolic functions. This review will shed light on the structure and function of natriuretic peptides and their receptors and their role in the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna K Santhekadur
- McGuire Research Institute, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Mulugeta Seneshaw
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Faridoddin Mirshahi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- McGuire Research Institute, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
GATA transcription factors are emerging as critical players in mammalian reproductive development and function. GATA-4 contributes to fetal male gonadal development by regulating genes mediating Müllerian duct regression and the onset of testosterone production. GATA-2 expression appears to be sexually dimorphic being transiently expressed in the germ cell lineage of the fetal ovary but not the fetal testis. In the reproductive system, GATA-1 is exclusively expressed in Sertoli cells at specific seminiferous tubule stages. In addition, GATA-4 and GATA-6 are localized primary to ovarian and testicular somatic cells. The majority of cell transfection studies demonstrate that GATA-1 and GATA-4 can stimulate inhibin subunit gene promoter constructs. Other studies provide strong evidence that GATA-4 and GATA-6 can activate genes mediating gonadal cell steroidogenesis. GATA-2 and GATA-3 are found in pituitary and placental cells and can regulate alpha-glycoprotein subunit gene expression. Gonadal expression and activation of GATAs appear to be regulated in part by gonadotropin signaling via the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A pathway. This review will cover the current knowledge regarding GATA expression and function at all levels of the reproductive axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A LaVoie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou Q, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Teng F, Sun J. Up-Regulation of miRNA-21 Expression Promotes Migration and Proliferation of Sca-1+ Cardiac Stem Cells in Mice. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1724-32. [PMID: 27210794 PMCID: PMC4915314 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study, by regulating the expression level of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) in antigen-1+ (Sca-1+) cardiac stem cells (CSCs), examined the role of miRNA-21 in migration, proliferation, and differentiation of Sca-1+ CSCs, and explored the use of miRNA-21 in treatment of heart-related diseases in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The CSCs of 20 healthy 2-month-old C57BL/6 mice were collected in our study. Immunomagnetic beads were used to separate and prepare pure Sca-1+ CSCs, which were further examined by flow cytometry. The samples were assigned to 4 groups: the blank group, the miRNA-21 mimic group, the miRNA-21 inhibitor group, and the negative control (NC) group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Transwell chamber assay, and the methyl thiazolylte-trazolium (MTT) assay were performed. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of GATA-4, MEF2c, TNI, and β-MHC differentiation-related genes. RESULTS Immunomagnetic separation results indicated that Sca-1+ CSCs accounted for more than 87.4% of CSCs. RT-PCR results also showed that the expression level of miRNA-21 of the miRNA-21 mimic group was higher than those of the other groups (all P<0.05). Compared to the NC and the blank group, the migration of Sca-1+ CSCs was more active in the miRNA-21 mimic group and less active in the miRNA-21 inhibitor group (all P<0.05). Moreover, compared to the blank group, the proliferation of Sca-1+ CSCs was enhanced in the miRNA-21 mimic group and inhibited in the miRNA-21 inhibitor group (all P<0.05). The results of RT-PCR indicated that neither miRNA-21 mimics nor miR-21 inhibitors influenced the gene expression levels of GATA-4, MEF2c, TNI, or β-MHC. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that up-regulation of miRNA-21 can promote migration and proliferation of Sca-1+ CSCs to enhance the capacity of Sca-1+ CSCs to repair damaged myocardium, which may pave the way for therapeutic strategies directed toward restoring miRNA-21 function for heart-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yongshan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jinhui Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome has the greatest mortality rate among all CHDs and without palliation is uniformly fatal. Despite noble efforts, the aetiology of this syndrome is unknown and a cure remains elusive. The genetic and anatomic heterogeneity of hypoplastic left heart syndrome supports a rethinking of old hypotheses and warrants further investigation into the histological and vascular variations recognised with this syndrome. In an effort to elucidate the pathogenesis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, this review will focus on its unique myocardial and coronary pathology as well as evaluate the association of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with the endocardial fibroelastosis reaction.
Collapse
|
43
|
LU CAIXIA, GONG HAIRONG, LIU XINGYUAN, WANG JUAN, ZHAO CUIMEI, HUANG RITAI, XUE SONG, YANG YIQING. A novel HAND2 loss-of-function mutation responsible for tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:445-51. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
44
|
TIEG1 Inhibits Angiotensin II–induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Transcription Factor GATA4. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 66:196-203. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
45
|
Fang X, Robinson J, Wang-Hu J, Jiang L, Freeman DA, Rivkees SA, Wendler CC. cAMP induces hypertrophy and alters DNA methylation in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26224577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00058.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
cAMP is a highly regulated secondary messenger involved in many biological processes. Chronic activation of the cAMP pathway by catecholamines results in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis; however, the mechanism by which elevated cAMP leads to cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. To address this issue, we increased intracellular cAMP levels in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, a cell line derived from adult mouse atrium, using either the stable cAMP analog N(6),2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) or phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors caffeine and theophylline. Elevated cAMP levels increased cell size and altered expression levels of cardiac genes and micro-RNAs associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), including Myh6, Myh7, Myh7b, Tnni3, Anp, Bnp, Gata4, Mef2c, Mef2d, Nfatc1, miR208a, and miR208b. In addition, DBcAMP altered the expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenases (Tets), enzymes that regulate genomic DNA methylation levels. Changes in expression of DNA methylation genes induced by elevated cAMP led to increased global DNA methylation in HL-1 cells. In contrast, inhibition of DNMT activity with 5-azacytidine treatment decreased global DNA methylation levels and blocked the increased expression of several HCM genes (Myh7, Gata4, Mef2c, Nfatc1, Myh7b, Tnni3, and Bnp) observed with DBcAMP treatment. These results demonstrate that cAMP induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and altered HCM gene expression in vitro and that DNA methylation patterns mediate the upregulation of HCM genes induced by cAMP. These data identify a previously unknown mechanism by which elevated levels of cAMP lead to increased expression of genes associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jourdon Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John Wang-Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Daniel A Freeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott A Rivkees
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher C Wendler
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fukuda T, Shirane A, Wada-Hiraike O, Oda K, Tanikawa M, Sakuabashi A, Hirano M, Fu H, Morita Y, Miyamoto Y, Inaba K, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. HAND2-mediated proteolysis negatively regulates the function of estrogen receptor α. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5538-44. [PMID: 26166202 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated that the progesterone‑inducible HAND2 gene product is a basic helix‑loop‑helix transcription factor and prevents mitogenic effects of estrogen receptor α (ERα) by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor signalling in mouse uteri. However, whether HAND2 directly affects the transcriptional activation function of ERα remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the physical interaction between HAND2 and ERα was investigating by performing an immunoprecipitation assay and an in vitro pull‑down assay. The results demonstrated that HAND2 and ERα interacted in a ligand‑independent manner. The in vitro pull‑down assays revealed a direct interaction between HAND2 and the amino‑terminus of ERα, termed the activation function‑1 domain. To determine the physiological significance of this interaction, the role of HAND2 as a cofactor of ERα was investigated, which revealed that HAND2 inhibited the ligand‑dependent transcriptional activation function of ERα. This result was further confirmed and the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, an ERα‑downstream factor, was decreased by the overexpression of HAND2. This inhibition of ligand‑dependent transcriptional activation function of ERα was possibly attributed to the proteasomic degradation of ERα by HAND2. These results indicate a novel anti‑tumorigenic function of HAND2 in regulating ERα‑dependent gene expression. Considering that HAND2 is commonly hypermethylated and silenced in endometrial cancer, it is hypothesized that HAND2 may serve as a possible tumor suppressor, particularly in uterine tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Akira Shirane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Ayako Sakuabashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Mana Hirano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Houju Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Morita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Kanako Inaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Forward Programming of Cardiac Stem Cells by Homogeneous Transduction with MYOCD plus TBX5. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125384. [PMID: 26047103 PMCID: PMC4457652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adult cardiac stem cells (CSCs) express many endogenous cardiogenic transcription factors including members of the Gata, Hand, Mef2, and T-box family. Unlike its DNA-binding targets, Myocardin (Myocd)-a co-activator not only for serum response factor, but also for Gata4 and Tbx5-is not expressed in CSCs. We hypothesised that its absence was a limiting factor for reprogramming. Here, we sought to investigate the susceptibility of adult mouse Sca1+ side population CSCs to reprogramming by supplementing the triad of GATA4, MEF2C, and TBX5 (GMT), and more specifically by testing the effect of the missing co-activator, Myocd. Exogenous factors were expressed via doxycycline-inducible lentiviral vectors in various combinations. High throughput quantitative RT-PCR was used to test expression of 29 cardiac lineage markers two weeks post-induction. GMT induced more than half the analysed cardiac transcripts. However, no protein was detected for the induced sarcomeric genes Actc1, Myh6, and Myl2. Adding MYOCD to GMT affected only slightly the breadth and level of gene induction, but, importantly, triggered expression of all three proteins examined (α-cardiac actin, atrial natriuretic peptide, sarcomeric myosin heavy chains). MYOCD + TBX was the most effective pairwise combination in this system. In clonal derivatives homogenously expressing MYOCD + TBX at high levels, 93% of cardiac transcripts were up-regulated and all five proteins tested were visualized. IN SUMMARY (1) GMT induced cardiac genes in CSCs, but not cardiac proteins under the conditions used. (2) Complementing GMT with MYOCD induced cardiac protein expression, indicating a more complete cardiac differentiation program. (3) Homogeneous transduction with MYOCD + TBX5 facilitated the identification of differentiating cells and the validation of this combinatorial reprogramming strategy. Together, these results highlight the pivotal importance of MYOCD in driving CSCs toward a cardiac muscle fate.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system coordinates electrical activation through a series of interconnected structures, including the atrioventricular node (AVN), the central connection point that delays impulse propagation to optimize cardiac performance. Although recent studies have uncovered important molecular details of AVN formation, relatively little is known about the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate AV delay, the primary function of the mature AVN. We identify here MyoR as a novel transcription factor expressed in Cx30.2(+) cells of the AVN. We show that MyoR specifically inhibits a Cx30.2 enhancer required for AVN-specific gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MyoR interacts directly with Gata4 to mediate transcriptional repression. Our studies reveal that MyoR contains two nonequivalent repression domains. While the MyoR C-terminal repression domain inhibits transcription in a context-dependent manner, the N-terminal repression domain can function in a heterologous context to convert the Hand2 activator into a repressor. In addition, we show that genetic deletion of MyoR in mice increases Cx30.2 expression by 50% and prolongs AV delay by 13%. Taken together, we conclude that MyoR modulates a Gata4-dependent regulatory circuit that establishes proper AV delay, and these findings may have wider implications for the variability of cardiac rhythm observed in the general population.
Collapse
|
49
|
Oyama K, El-Nachef D, Zhang Y, Sdek P, MacLellan WR. Epigenetic regulation of cardiac myocyte differentiation. Front Genet 2014; 5:375. [PMID: 25408700 PMCID: PMC4219506 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes (CMs) proliferate robustly during fetal life but withdraw permanently from the cell cycle soon after birth and undergo terminal differentiation. This cell cycle exit is associated with the upregulation of a host of adult cardiac-specific genes. The vast majority of adult CMs (ACMs) do not reenter cell cycle even if subjected to mitogenic stimuli. The basis for this irreversible cell cycle exit is related to the stable silencing of cell cycle genes specifically involved in the progression of G2/M transition and cytokinesis. Studies have begun to clarify the molecular basis for this stable gene repression and have identified epigenetic and chromatin structural changes in this process. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of epigenetic regulation of CM cell cycle and cardiac-specific gene expression with a focus on histone modifications and the role of retinoblastoma family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Oyama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Danny El-Nachef
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patima Sdek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Robb MacLellan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fang X, Mei W, Barbazuk WB, Rivkees SA, Wendler CC. Caffeine exposure alters cardiac gene expression in embryonic cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1471-87. [PMID: 25354728 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00307.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that in utero caffeine treatment at embryonic day (E) 8.5 alters DNA methylation patterns, gene expression, and cardiac function in adult mice. To provide insight into the mechanisms, we examined cardiac gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in cardiomyocytes shortly after exposure to physiologically relevant doses of caffeine. In HL-1 and primary embryonic cardiomyocytes, caffeine treatment for 48 h significantly altered the expression of cardiac structural genes (Myh6, Myh7, Myh7b, Tnni3), hormonal genes (Anp and BnP), cardiac transcription factors (Gata4, Mef2c, Mef2d, Nfatc1), and microRNAs (miRNAs; miR208a, miR208b, miR499). In addition, expressions of these genes were significantly altered in embryonic hearts exposed to in utero caffeine. For in utero experiments, pregnant CD-1 dams were treated with 20-60 mg/kg of caffeine, which resulted in maternal circulation levels of 37.3-65.3 μM 2 h after treatment. RNA sequencing was performed on embryonic ventricles treated with vehicle or 20 mg/kg of caffeine daily from E6.5-9.5. Differential expression (DE) analysis revealed that 124 genes and 849 transcripts were significantly altered, and differential exon usage (DEU) analysis identified 597 exons that were changed in response to prenatal caffeine exposure. Among the DE genes identified by RNA sequencing were several cardiac structural genes and genes that control DNA methylation and histone modification. Pathway analysis revealed that pathways related to cardiovascular development and diseases were significantly affected by caffeine. In addition, global cardiac DNA methylation was reduced in caffeine-treated cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these data demonstrate that caffeine exposure alters gene expression and DNA methylation in embryonic cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Wenbin Mei
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Scott A Rivkees
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Christopher C Wendler
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| |
Collapse
|