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Lee SE, Lee SB, Roh JI, Kim KP, Lee JH, Lee HW. SIRT1 regulates the localization and stability of telomerase protein by direct interaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 720:150098. [PMID: 38749190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) not only upholds telomeric equilibrium but also plays a pivotal role in multiple non-canonical cellular mechanisms, particularly in the context of aging, cancer, and genomic stability. Though depletion of SIRT1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts has demonstrated telomere shortening, the impact of SIRT1 on enabling TERT to regulate telomeric homeostasis remains enigmatic. Here, we reveal that SIRT1 directly interacts with TERT, and promotes the nuclear localization and stability of TERT. Reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of TERT and N-terminus of SIRT1 mainly participated in their direct interaction. TERT, concomitantly expressed with intact SIRT1, exhibits nuclear localization, whereas TERT co-expressed with N-terminal-deleted SIRT1 remains in the cytosol. Furthermore, overexpression of SIRT1 enhances the nuclear localization and protein stability of TERT, akin to overexpression of deacetylase-inactive SIRT1, whereas N-terminal-deleted SIRT1 has no effect on TERT. These findings suggest a novel regulatory role of SIRT1 for TERT through direct interaction. This interaction provides new insights into the fields of aging, cancer, and genome stability governed by TERT and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Roh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; ReCerise Therapeutics Inc., 400-12, Yangcheon-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07573, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; GEMCRO, Inc., Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; GEMCRO, Inc., Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Huang M, Liu M, Wang R, Man Y, Zhou H, Xu ZX, Wang Y. The crosstalk between glucose metabolism and telomerase regulation in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116643. [PMID: 38696988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulated alterations in metabolic control provide energy and anabolic demands for enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Exemplified by the Warburg effect, changes in glucose metabolism during cancer progression are widely recognized as a characteristic of metabolic disorders. Since telomerases are a vital factor in maintaining DNA integrity and stability, any damage threatening telomerases could have a severe impact on DNA and, subsequently, whole-cell homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether the regulation of glucose metabolism in cancer is connected to the regulation of telomerase. In this review, we present the latest insights into the crosstalk between telomerase function and glucose metabolism in cancer cells. However, at this moment this subject is not well investigated that the association is mostly indirectly regulations and few explicit regulating pathways were identified between telomerase and glucose metabolism. Therefore, the information presented in this review can provide a scientific basis for further research on the detail mechanism and the clinical application of cancer therapy, which could be valuable in improving the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The First Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingdi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The First Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yifan Man
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The First Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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3
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Neuwahl J, Neumann CA, Fitz AC, Biermann AD, Magel M, Friedrich A, Sellin L, Stork B, Piekorz RP, Proksch P, Budach W, Jänicke RU, Sohn D. Combined inhibition of class 1-PI3K-alpha and delta isoforms causes senolysis by inducing p21 WAF1/CIP1 proteasomal degradation in senescent cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:373. [PMID: 38811535 PMCID: PMC11136996 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The targeted elimination of radio- or chemotherapy-induced senescent cells by so-called senolytic substances represents a promising approach to reduce tumor relapse as well as therapeutic side effects such as fibrosis. We screened an in-house library of 178 substances derived from marine sponges, endophytic fungi, and higher plants, and determined their senolytic activities towards DNA damage-induced senescent HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. The Pan-PI3K-inhibitor wortmannin and its clinical derivative, PX-866, were identified to act as senolytics. PX-866 potently induced apoptotic cell death in senescent HCT116, MCF-7 mammary carcinoma, and A549 lung carcinoma cells, independently of whether senescence was induced by ionizing radiation or by chemotherapeutics, but not in proliferating cells. Other Pan-PI3K inhibitors, such as the FDA-approved drug BAY80-6946 (Copanlisib, Aliqopa®), also efficiently and specifically eliminated senescent cells. Interestingly, only the simultaneous inhibition of both PI3K class I alpha (with BYL-719 (Alpelisib, Piqray®)) and delta (with CAL-101 (Idelalisib, Zydelig®)) isoforms was sufficient to induce senolysis, whereas single application of these inhibitors had no effect. On the molecular level, inhibition of PI3Ks resulted in an increased proteasomal degradation of the CDK inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in all tumor cell lines analyzed. This led to a timely induction of apoptosis in senescent tumor cells. Taken together, the senolytic properties of PI3K-inhibitors reveal a novel dimension of these promising compounds, which holds particular potential when employed alongside DNA damaging agents in combination tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Neuwahl
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chantal A Neumann
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika C Fitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anica D Biermann
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Experimental Nephrology, Clinic for Nephrology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maja Magel
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annabelle Friedrich
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lorenz Sellin
- Experimental Nephrology, Clinic for Nephrology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Budach
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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4
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Gomatou G, Masaoutis C, Vamvakaris I, Kotteas E, Bouros E, Tzilas V, Bouros D. Differential immunohistochemical expression of hTERT in lung cancer patients with and without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonology 2024; 30:214-221. [PMID: 35153179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase enzyme, which adds nucleotides to telomeres and counteracts their length shortening. The development of a telomere maintenance mechanism represents a hallmark of cancer. On the other hand, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with mutations in telomerase genes and shorter telomeres. IPF is frequently complicated with lung cancer. AIM To investigate the expression of hTERT in lung cancer with co-existing IPF and to compare with lung cancer without fibrosis. METHODS Diagnostic lung cancerous biopsies were retrieved from 18 patients with lung cancer and concomitant IPF, as well as 18 age and gender matched controls with lung cancer without pulmonary fibrosis. The expression of hTERT was studied with immunohistochemistry. ImajeJ software was used to quantitate subcellular stain intensity. Immunohistochemical investigation of two senescence-associated markers, p16 and p21, was also performed in all 36 cases. RESULTS Both groups highly expressed hTERT, without significant difference (100% vs 95%, p = 0.521). Evaluation of p16 and p21 immunostaining revealed negative to minimal immunoreactivity in both groups. hTERT localization exhibited higher median nuclear intensity in the group of lung cancer with IPF (0.62 vs 0.45, p = 0.016), while cytoplasmic intensity did not differ significantly (0.17 vs 0.15, p = 0.463). Higher median nuclear intensity was also correlated with small cell lung cancer subtype in the whole study sample (0.69 vs 0.45, p = 0.09). CONCLUSION hTERT is highly expressed in lung cancer with concomitant IPF, but with differential localization compared to lung cancer without IPF, implying differences in pathogenicity and requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gomatou
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - C Masaoutis
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Vamvakaris
- Department of Pathology, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, Athens, Greece
| | - E Kotteas
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Bouros
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V Tzilas
- Center for Diseases of the Chest, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
| | - D Bouros
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Center for Diseases of the Chest, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
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5
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Zhen Z, Chen Y, Wang H, Tang H, Zhang H, Liu H, Jiang Y, Mao Z. Nuclear cGAS restricts L1 retrotransposition by promoting TRIM41-mediated ORF2p ubiquitination and degradation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8217. [PMID: 38086852 PMCID: PMC10716122 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), initially identified as a cytosolic DNA sensor, detects DNA fragments to trigger an innate immune response. Recently, accumulating evidence reveals the presence of cGAS within the nucleus. However, the biological functions of nuclear cGAS are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear cGAS represses LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition to preserve genome integrity in human cells. Mechanistically, the E3 ligase TRIM41 interacts with and ubiquitinates ORF2p to influence its stability, and cGAS enhances the association of ORF2p with TRIM41, thereby promoting TRIM41-mediated ORF2p degradation and the suppression of L1 retrotransposition. In response to DNA damage, cGAS is phosphorylated at serine residues 120 and 305 by CHK2, which promotes cGAS-TRIM41 association, facilitating TRIM41-mediated ORF2p degradation. Moreover, we show that nuclear cGAS mediates the repression of L1 retrotransposition in senescent cells induced by DNA damage agents. We also identify several cancer-associated cGAS mutations that abolish the suppressive effect on L1 retrotransposition by disrupting the CHK2-cGAS-TRIM41-ORF2p regulatory axis. Together, these findings indicate that nuclear cGAS exhibits an inhibitory function in L1 retrotransposition which could provide avenues for future interventions in both aging and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Zhen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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6
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Chen Y, Zhen Z, Chen L, Wang H, Wang X, Sun X, Song Z, Wang H, Lin Y, Zhang W, Wu G, Jiang Y, Mao Z. Androgen signaling stabilizes genomes to counteract senescence by promoting XRCC4 transcription. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56984. [PMID: 37955230 PMCID: PMC10702805 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decreased DNA repair capacity, which might contribute to age-associated functional decline in multiple tissues. Disruption in hormone signaling, associated with reproductive organ dysfunction, is an early event of age-related tissue degeneration, but whether it impacts DNA repair in nonreproductive organs remains elusive. Using skin fibroblasts derived from healthy donors with a broad age range, we show here that the downregulation of expression of XRCC4, a factor involved in nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair, which is the dominant pathway to repair somatic double-strand breaks, is mediated through transcriptional mechanisms. We show that the androgen receptor (AR), whose expression is also reduced during aging, directly binds to and enhances the activity of the XRCC4 promoter, facilitating XRCC4 transcription and thus stabilizing the genome. We also demonstrate that dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a powerful AR agonist, restores XRCC4 expression and stabilizes the genome in different models of cellular aging. Moreover, DHT treatment reverses senescence-associated phenotypes, opening a potential avenue to aging interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhengyi Zhen
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lingjiang Chen
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoxiang Sun
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yizi Lin
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryChangzheng HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Guizhu Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalShanghai Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Jiang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Touma F, Lambert M, Martínez Villarreal A, Gantchev J, Ramchatesingh B, Litvinov IV. The Ultraviolet Irradiation of Keratinocytes Induces Ectopic Expression of LINE-1 Retrotransposon Machinery and Leads to Cellular Senescence. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3017. [PMID: 38002016 PMCID: PMC10669206 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrotransposons have played an important role in evolution through their transposable activity. The largest and the only currently active human group of mobile DNAs are the LINE-1 retrotransposons. The ectopic expression of LINE-1 has been correlated with genomic instability. Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and broad-band ultraviolet B (BB-UVB) phototherapy is commonly used for the treatment of dermatological diseases. UVB exposure is carcinogenic and can lead, in keratinocytes, to genomic instability. We hypothesize that LINE-1 reactivation occurs at a high rate in response to UVB exposure on the skin, which significantly contributes to genomic instability and DNA damage leading to cellular senescence and photoaging. Immortalized N/TERT1 and HaCaT human keratinocyte cell lines were irradiated in vitro with either NB-UVB or BB-UVB. Using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we confirmed UVB-induced protein expression of LINE-1. Using RT-qPCR, we measured the mRNA expression of LINE-1 and senescence markers that were upregulated after several NB-UVB exposures. Selected miRNAs that are known to bind LINE-1 mRNA were measured using RT-qPCR, and the expression of miR-16 was downregulated with UVB exposure. Our findings demonstrate that UVB irradiation induces LINE-1 reactivation and DNA damage in normal keratinocytes along with the associated upregulation of cellular senescence markers and change in miR-16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Touma
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Marine Lambert
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
| | - Amelia Martínez Villarreal
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
| | - Jennifer Gantchev
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
| | - Brandon Ramchatesingh
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
- Department of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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8
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Kalmykova A. Telomere Checkpoint in Development and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15979. [PMID: 37958962 PMCID: PMC10647821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity through generations is largely determined by the stability of telomeres. Increasing evidence suggests that telomere dysfunction may trigger changes in cell fate, independently of telomere length. Telomeric multiple tandem repeats are potentially highly recombinogenic. Heterochromatin formation, transcriptional repression, the suppression of homologous recombination and chromosome end protection are all required for telomere stability. Genetic and epigenetic defects affecting telomere homeostasis may cause length-independent internal telomeric DNA damage. Growing evidence, including that based on Drosophila research, points to a telomere checkpoint mechanism that coordinates cell fate with telomere state. According to this scenario, telomeres, irrespective of their length, serve as a primary sensor of genome instability that is capable of triggering cell death or developmental arrest. Telomeric factors released from shortened or dysfunctional telomeres are thought to mediate these processes. Here, we discuss a novel signaling role for telomeric RNAs in cell fate and early development. Telomere checkpoint ensures genome stability in multicellular organisms but aggravates the aging process, promoting the accumulation of damaged and senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Kalmykova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Georgieva I, Tchekalarova J, Iliev D, Tzoneva R. Endothelial Senescence and Its Impact on Angiogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11344. [PMID: 37511104 PMCID: PMC10379128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are constantly exposed to environmental stress factors that, above a certain threshold, trigger cellular senescence and apoptosis. The altered vascular function affects new vessel formation and endothelial fitness, contributing to the progression of age-related diseases. This narrative review highlights the complex interplay between senescence, oxidative stress, extracellular vesicles, and the extracellular matrix and emphasizes the crucial role of angiogenesis in aging and Alzheimer's disease. The interaction between the vascular and nervous systems is essential for the development of a healthy brain, especially since neurons are exceptionally dependent on nutrients carried by the blood. Therefore, anomalies in the delicate balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors and the consequences of disrupted angiogenesis, such as misalignment, vascular leakage and disturbed blood flow, are responsible for neurodegeneration. The implications of altered non-productive angiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease due to dysregulated Delta-Notch and VEGF signaling are further explored. Additionally, potential therapeutic strategies such as exercise and caloric restriction to modulate angiogenesis and vascular aging and to mitigate the associated debilitating symptoms are discussed. Moreover, both the roles of extracellular vesicles in stress-induced senescence and as an early detection marker for Alzheimer's disease are considered. The intricate relationship between endothelial senescence and angiogenesis provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis-related disorders and opens avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Iliev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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10
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Zhang W, Wang M, Song Z, Fu Q, Chen J, Zhang W, Gao S, Sun X, Yang G, Zhang Q, Yang J, Tang H, Wang H, Kou X, Wang H, Mao Z, Xu X, Gao S, Jiang Y. Farrerol directly activates the deubiqutinase UCHL3 to promote DNA repair and reprogramming when mediated by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1838. [PMID: 37012254 PMCID: PMC10070447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Farrerol, a natural flavanone, promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair to improve genome-editing efficiency, but the specific protein that farrerol directly targets to regulate HR repair and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been determined. Here, we find that the deubiquitinase UCHL3 is the direct target of farrerol. Mechanistically, farrerol enhanced the deubiquitinase activity of UCHL3 to promote RAD51 deubiquitination, thereby improving HR repair. Importantly, we find that embryos of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) exhibited defective HR repair, increased genomic instability and aneuploidy, and that the farrerol treatment post nuclear transfer enhances HR repair, restores transcriptional and epigenetic network, and promotes SCNT embryo development. Ablating UCHL3 significantly attenuates farrerol-mediated stimulation in HR and SCNT embryo development. In summary, we identify farrerol as an activator of the deubiquitinase UCHL3, highlighted the importance of HR and epigenetic changes in SCNT reprogramming and provide a feasible method to promote SCNT efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, 314000, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianzheng Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Kou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, 266071, Qingdao, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Sun X, Tang H, Chen Y, Chen Z, Hu Z, Cui Z, Tao Y, Yuan J, Fu Y, Zhuang Z, He Q, Li Q, Xu X, Wan X, Jiang Y, Mao Z. Loss of the receptors ER, PR and HER2 promotes USP15-dependent stabilization of PARP1 in triple-negative breast cancer. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:716-733. [PMID: 37012401 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is essential for the progression of several types of cancers. However, whether and how PARP1 is stabilized to promote genomic stability in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1 to promote its stability, thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability and TNBC cell proliferation. Two PARP1 mutations found in individuals with breast cancer (E90K and S104R) enhanced the PARP1-USP15 interaction and suppressed PARP1 ubiquitination, thereby elevating the protein level of PARP1. Importantly, we found that estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibited USP15-mediated PARP1 stabilization through different mechanisms. ER bound to the USP15 promoter to suppress its expression, PR suppressed the deubiquitinase activity of USP15, and HER2 abrogated the PARP1-USP15 interaction. The specific absence of these three receptors in TNBC results in high PARP1 levels, leading to increases in base excision repair and female TNBC cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhi He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Large T Antigen Induces Cellular Senescence for Host Growth Arrest and Viral Genome Persistence through Its Unique Domain. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030380. [PMID: 36766726 PMCID: PMC9913222 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in the host during the aging process and are associated with age-related pathogeneses, including cancer. Although persistent senescence seems to contribute to many aspects of cellular pathways and homeostasis, the role of senescence in virus-induced human cancer is not well understood. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer induced by a life-long human infection of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Here, we show that MCPyV large T (LT) antigen expression in human skin fibroblasts causes a novel nucleolar stress response, followed by p21-dependent senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), which are required for MCPyV genome maintenance. Senolytic and navitoclax treatments result in decreased senescence and MCPyV genome levels, suggesting a potential therapeutic for MCC prevention. Our results uncover the mechanism of a host stress response regulating human polyomavirus genome maintenance in viral persistency, which may lead to targeted intervention for MCC.
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13
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Smith S, Hoelzl F, Zahn S, Criscuolo F. Telomerase activity in ecological studies: What are its consequences for individual physiology and is there evidence for effects and trade-offs in wild populations. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6239-6251. [PMID: 34664335 PMCID: PMC9788021 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence at the cellular level is helping to provide proximate explanations for the balance between investment in growth, reproduction and somatic maintenance in wild populations. Studies of telomere dynamics have informed researchers about the loss and gain of telomere length both on a seasonal scale and across the lifespan of individuals. In addition, telomere length and telomere rate of loss seems to have evolved differently among taxonomic groups, and relate differently to organismal diversity of lifespan. So far, the mechanisms behind telomere maintenance remain elusive, although many studies have inferred a role for telomerase, an enzyme/RNA complex known to induce telomere elongation from laboratory studies. Exciting further work is also emerging that suggests telomerase (and/or its individual component parts) has a role in fitness that goes beyond the maintenance of telomere length. Here, we review the literature on telomerase biology and examine the evidence from ecological studies for the timing and extent of telomerase activation in relation to life history events associated with telomere maintenance. We suggest that the underlying mechanism is more complicated than originally anticipated, possibly involves several complimentary pathways, and is probably associated with high energetic costs. Potential pathways for future research are numerous and we outline what we see as the most promising prospects to expand our understanding of individual differences in immunity or reproduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Smith
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of EthologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine, ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Franz Hoelzl
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of EthologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine, ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sandrine Zahn
- Department of Physiology, Evolution and BehaviourInstitut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CurienCNRSUniversity of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - François Criscuolo
- Department of Physiology, Evolution and BehaviourInstitut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CurienCNRSUniversity of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
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14
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Miller J, Dakic A, Spurgeon M, Saenz F, Kallakury B, Zhao B, Zhang J, Zhu J, Ma Q, Xu Y, Lambert P, Schlegel R, Riegel AT, Liu X. AIB1 is a novel target of the high-risk HPV E6 protein and a biomarker of cervical cancer progression. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3962-3977. [PMID: 35437795 PMCID: PMC9199254 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV-16, -18) are critical etiologic agents in human malignancy, most importantly in cervical cancer. These oncogenic viruses encode the E6 and E7 proteins that are uniformly retained and expressed in cervical cancers and required for maintenance of the tumorigenic phenotype. The E6 and E7 proteins were first identified as targeting the p53 and pRB tumor suppressor pathways, respectively, in host cells, thereby leading to disruption of cell cycle controls. In addition to p53 degradation, a number of other functions and critical targets for E6 have been described, including telomerase, Myc, PDZ-containing proteins, Akt, Wnt, mTORC1, as well as others. In this study, we identified Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 (AIB1) as a new E6 target. We first found that E6 and hTERT altered similar profiling of gene expression in human foreskin keratinocytes (HFK), independent of telomerase activity. Importantly, AIB1 was a common transcriptional target of both E6 and hTERT. We then verified that high-risk E6 but not low-risk E6 expression led to increases in AIB1 transcript levels by real-time RT-PCR, suggesting that AIB1 upregulation may play an important role in cancer development. Western blots demonstrated that AIB1 expression increased in HPV-16 E6 and E7 expressing (E6E7) immortalized foreskin and cervical keratinocytes, and in three of four common cervical cancer cell lines as well. Then, we evaluated the expression of AIB1 in human cervical lesions and invasive carcinoma using immunohistochemical staining. Strikingly, AIB1 showed positivity in the nucleus of cells in the immediate suprabasal epithelium, while nuclei of the basal epithelium were negative, as evident in the Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 (CIN1) samples. As the pathological grading of cervical lesions increased from CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma, AIB1 staining increased progressively, suggesting that AIB1 may serve as a novel histological biomarker for cervical cancer development. For cases of invasive cervical carcinoma, AIB1 staining was specific to cancerous lesions. Increased expression of AIB1 was also observed in transgenic mouse cervical neoplasia and cancer models induced by E6E7 and estrogen. Knockdown of AIB1 expression in E6E7 immortalized human cervical cells significantly abolished cell proliferation. Taken together, these data support AIB1 as a novel target of HPV E6 and a biomarker of cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Miller
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Megan Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Francisco Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Qin Ma
- The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ying Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of BioinformaticsThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Paul Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Anna T. Riegel
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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15
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PLK inhibitors identified by high content phenotypic screening promote maturation of human PSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 620:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Hong X, Wang L, Zhang K, Liu J, Liu JP. Molecular Mechanisms of Alveolar Epithelial Stem Cell Senescence and Senescence-Associated Differentiation Disorders in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:877. [PMID: 35269498 PMCID: PMC8909789 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary senescence is accelerated by unresolved DNA damage response, underpinning susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. Recently it was reported that the SARS-Cov-2 viral infection induces acute pulmonary epithelial senescence followed by fibrosis, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examine roles of alveolar epithelial stem cell senescence and senescence-associated differentiation disorders in pulmonary fibrosis, exploring the mechanisms mediating and preventing pulmonary fibrogenic crisis. Notably, the TGF-β signalling pathway mediates alveolar epithelial stem cell senescence by mechanisms involving suppression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene in pulmonary fibrosis. Alternatively, telomere uncapping caused by stress-induced telomeric shelterin protein TPP1 degradation mediates DNA damage response, pulmonary senescence and fibrosis. However, targeted intervention of cellular senescence disrupts pulmonary remodelling and fibrosis by clearing senescent cells using senolytics or preventing senescence using telomere dysfunction inhibitor (TELODIN). Studies indicate that the development of senescence-associated differentiation disorders is reprogrammable and reversible by inhibiting stem cell replicative senescence in pulmonary fibrosis, providing a framework for targeted intervention of the molecular mechanisms of alveolar stem cell senescence and pulmonary fibrosis. Abbreviations: DPS, developmental programmed senescence; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; OIS, oncogene-induced replicative senescence; SADD, senescence-associated differentiation disorder; SALI, senescence-associated low-grade inflammation; SIPS, stress-induced premature senescence; TERC, telomerase RNA component; TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; TIFs, telomere dysfunction-induced foci; TIS, therapy-induced senescence; VIS, virus-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hong
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Lihui Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Kexiong Zhang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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17
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Abdelgawad IY, Sadak KT, Lone DW, Dabour MS, Niedernhofer LJ, Zordoky BN. Molecular mechanisms and cardiovascular implications of cancer therapy-induced senescence. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107751. [PMID: 33275998 PMCID: PMC8084867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been associated with accelerated aging that can lead to early-onset health complications typically experienced by older populations. In particular, cancer survivors have an increased risk of developing premature cardiovascular complications. In the last two decades, cellular senescence has been proposed as an important mechanism of premature cardiovascular diseases. Cancer treatments, specifically anthracyclines and radiation, have been shown to induce senescence in different types of cardiovascular cells. Additionally, clinical studies identified increased systemic markers of senescence in cancer survivors. Preclinical research has demonstrated the potential of several approaches to mitigate cancer therapy-induced senescence. However, strategies to prevent and/or treat therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence have not yet been translated to the clinic. In this review, we will discuss how therapy-induced senescence can contribute to cardiovascular complications. Thereafter, we will summarize the current in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding cancer therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence. Then, we will discuss interventional strategies that have the potential to protect against therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence. To conclude, we will highlight challenges and future research directions to mitigate therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y Abdelgawad
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Karim T Sadak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Diana W Lone
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mohamed S Dabour
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beshay N Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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18
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Oh S, Kwon DY, Choi I, Kim YM, Lee JY, Ryu J, Jeong H, Kim MJ, Song R. Identification of Piperidine-3-carboxamide Derivatives Inducing Senescence-like Phenotype with Antimelanoma Activities. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:563-571. [PMID: 33859796 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential use of senescence-inducing small molecules in the treatment of melanoma. We screened commercially available small-molecule libraries with high-throughput screening and high-content screening image-based technology. Our findings showed an initial hit with the embedded N-arylpiperidine-3-carboxamide scaffold-induced senescence-like phenotypic changes in human melanoma A375 cells without serious cytotoxicity against normal cells. A focused library containing diversely modified analogues were constructed and examined to evaluate the structure-activity relationship of N-arylpiperidine-3-carboxamide derivatives starting from hit 1. This work identified a novel compound with remarkable antiproliferative activity in vitro and demonstrated the key structural moieties within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Oh
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, South Korea
| | - Do Yoon Kwon
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, South Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, South Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ryu
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, South Korea
| | - Hangyeol Jeong
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, South Korea
| | - Myung Jin Kim
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, South Korea
| | - Rita Song
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, South Korea
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19
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Narzt MS, Pils V, Kremslehner C, Nagelreiter IM, Schosserer M, Bessonova E, Bayer A, Reifschneider R, Terlecki-Zaniewicz L, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Mildner M, Tschachler E, Cavinato M, Wedel S, Jansen-Dürr P, Nanic L, Rubelj I, El-Ghalbzouri A, Zoratto S, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Grillari J, Gruber F, Lämmermann I. Epilipidomics of Senescent Dermal Fibroblasts Identify Lysophosphatidylcholines as Pleiotropic Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) Factors. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:993-1006.e15. [PMID: 33333126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During aging, skin accumulates senescent cells. The transient presence of senescent cells, followed by their clearance by the immune system, is important in tissue repair and homeostasis. The persistence of senescent cells that evade clearance contributes to the age-related deterioration of the skin. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype of these cells contains immunomodulatory molecules that facilitate clearance but also promote chronic damage. Here, we investigated the epilipidome-the oxidative modifications of phospholipids-of senescent dermal fibroblasts, because these molecules are among the bioactive lipids that were recently identified as senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors. Using replicative- and stress- induced senescence protocols, we identified lysophosphatidylcholines as universally elevated in senescent fibroblasts, whereas other oxidized lipids displayed a pattern that was characteristic for the used senescence protocol. When we tested the lysophosphatidylcholines for senescence-associated secretory phenotype activity, we found that they elicit chemokine release in nonsenescent fibroblasts but also interfere with toll-like receptor 2 and 6/CD36 signaling and phagocytic capacity in macrophages. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging, we localized two lysophosphatidylcholine species in aged skin. This suggests that lysophospholipids may facilitate immune evasion and low-grade chronic inflammation in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Narzt
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz and Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Pils
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ionela-Mariana Nagelreiter
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence, Vienna, Austria; Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilia Bessonova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Bayer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Reifschneider
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Terlecki-Zaniewicz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Cavinato
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Wedel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lucia Nanic
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Samuele Zoratto
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz and Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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FBW7 Mediates Senescence and Pulmonary Fibrosis through Telomere Uncapping. Cell Metab 2020; 32:860-877.e9. [PMID: 33086033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue stem cells undergo premature senescence under stress, promoting age-related diseases; however, the associated mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that in response to radiation, oxidative stress, or bleomycin, the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7 mediates cell senescence and tissue fibrosis through telomere uncapping. FBW7 binding to telomere protection protein 1 (TPP1) facilitates TPP1 multisite polyubiquitination and accelerates degradation, triggering telomere uncapping and DNA damage response. Overexpressing TPP1 or inhibiting FBW7 by genetic ablation, epigenetic interference, or peptidomimetic telomere dysfunction inhibitor (TELODIN) reduces telomere uncapping and shortening, expanding the pulmonary alveolar AEC2 stem cell population in mice. TELODIN, synthesized from the seventh β strand blade of FBW7 WD40 propeller domain, increases TPP1 stability, lung respiratory function, and resistance to senescence and fibrosis in animals chronically exposed to environmental stress. Our findings elucidate a pivotal mechanism underlying stress-induced pulmonary epithelial stem cell senescence and fibrosis, providing a framework for aging-related disorder interventions.
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21
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Zhang W, Chen Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Yu J, Wang M, Zhao X, Wei K, Wan X, Xu X, Jiang Y, Chen J, Gao S, Mao Z. A high-throughput small molecule screen identifies farrerol as a potentiator of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. eLife 2020; 9:56008. [PMID: 32644042 PMCID: PMC7380943 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Directly modulating the choice between homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) - two independent pathways for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) - has the potential to improve the efficiency of gene targeting by CRISPR/Cas9. Here, we have developed a rapid and easy-to-score screening approach for identifying small molecules that affect the choice between the two DSB repair pathways. Using this tool, we identified a small molecule, farrerol, that promotes HR but does not affect NHEJ. Further mechanistic studies indicate that farrerol functions through stimulating the recruitment of RAD51 to DSB sites. Importantly, we demonstrated that farrerol effectively promotes precise targeted integration in human cells, mouse cells and mouse embryos at multiple genomic loci. In addition, treating cells with farrerol did not have any obvious negative effect on genomic stability. Moreover, farrerol significantly improved the knock-in efficiency in blastocysts, and the subsequently generated knock-in mice retained the capacity for germline transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqing Yang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, China
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22
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Rosen J, Jakobs P, Ale-Agha N, Altschmied J, Haendeler J. Non-canonical functions of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase - Impact on redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101543. [PMID: 32502898 PMCID: PMC7267725 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase consists of the catalytic subunit Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) and the Telomerase RNA Component. Its canonical function is the prevention of telomere erosion. Over the last years it became evident that TERT is also present in tissues with low replicative potential. Important non-canonical functions of TERT are protection against apoptosis and maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis in cancer as well as in somatic tissues. Intriguingly, TERT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are interdependent on each other, with TERT being regulated by changes in the redox balance and itself controlling ROS levels in the cytosol and in the mitochondria. The latter is achieved because TERT is present in the mitochondria, where it protects mitochondrial DNA and maintains levels of anti-oxidative enzymes. Since numerous diseases are associated with oxidative stress, increasing the mitochondrial TERT level could be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rosen
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Jakobs
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niloofar Ale-Agha
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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23
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Honda Y, Huang A, Tanaka T, Han X, Gao B, Liu H, Wang X, Zhao J, Hashimoto Y, Yamamoto K, Matsumoto N, Baba S, Umeda M. Augmentation of Bone Regeneration by Depletion of Stress-Induced Senescent Cells Using Catechin and Senolytics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124213. [PMID: 32545756 PMCID: PMC7352429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in bone regenerative medicine, the relationship between stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) in cells and bone regeneration remains largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that the implantation of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sustained-release gelatin sponge (LS-G) increases the number of SIPS cells and that the elimination of these cells promotes bone formation in critical-sized bone defects in the rat calvaria. Histological (hematoxylin–eosin and SA-β-gal) and immunohistological (p16 and p21 for analyzing cellular senescence and 4-HNE for oxidation) staining was used to identify SIPS cells and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Bone formation in defects were analyzed using microcomputed tomography, one and four weeks after surgery. Parallel to LS-G implantation, local epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) administration, and systemic senolytic (dasatinib and quercetin: D+Q) administration were used to eliminate SIPS cells. After LS-G implantation, SA-β-gal-, p16-, and p21-positive cells (SIPS cells) accumulated in the defects. However, treatment with LS-G+EGCG and LS-G+D+Q resulted in lower numbers of SIPS cells than that with LS-G in the defects, resulting in an augmentation of newly formed bone. We demonstrated that SIPS cells induced by sustained stimulation by LPS may play a deleterious role in bone formation. Controlling these cell numbers is a promising strategy to increase bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Honda
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-72-864-3130 (Y.H.); +81-75-724-7802 (T.T.)
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (A.H.); (B.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-72-864-3130 (Y.H.); +81-75-724-7802 (T.T.)
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.H.); (H.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Beiyuan Gao
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (A.H.); (B.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.H.); (H.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Kazuyo Yamamoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.H.); (H.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Shunsuke Baba
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (A.H.); (B.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
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24
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Liu P, Lu Z, Wu Y, Shang D, Zhao Z, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Liu H, Tu Z. Cellular Senescence-Inducing Small Molecules for Cancer Treatment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:109-119. [PMID: 29848278 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180530092825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the chemotherapeutic drug-induced cellular senescence has been considered a promising anti-cancer approach. The drug-induced senescence, which shows both similar and different hallmarks from replicative and oncogene-induced senescence, was regarded as a key determinant of tumor response to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To date, an amount of effective chemotherapeutic drugs that can evoke senescence in cancer cells have been reported. The targets of these drugs differ substantially, including senescence signaling pathways, DNA replication process, DNA damage pathways, epigenetic modifications, microtubule polymerization, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and so on. By summarizing senescence-inducing small molecule drugs together with their specific traits and corresponding mechanisms, this review is devoted to inform scientists to develop novel therapeutic strategies against cancer through inducing senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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25
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Thompson CA, Wong JM. Non-canonical Functions of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase: Emerging Roles and Biological Relevance. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:498-507. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200131125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence from research on telomerase suggests that in addition to its catalytic telomere
repeat synthesis activity, telomerase may have other biologically important functions. The canonical
roles of telomerase are at the telomere ends where they elongate telomeres and maintain genomic
stability and cellular lifespan. The catalytic protein component Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase
(TERT) is preferentially expressed at high levels in cancer cells despite the existence of an alternative
mechanism for telomere maintenance (alternative lengthening of telomeres or ALT). TERT is also expressed
at higher levels than necessary for maintaining functional telomere length, suggesting other possible
adaptive functions. Emerging non-canonical roles of TERT include regulation of non-telomeric
DNA damage responses, promotion of cell growth and proliferation, acceleration of cell cycle kinetics,
and control of mitochondrial integrity following oxidative stress. Non-canonical activities of TERT primarily
show cellular protective effects, and nuclear TERT has been shown to protect against cell death
following double-stranded DNA damage, independent of its role in telomere length maintenance. TERT
has been suggested to act as a chromatin modulator and participate in the transcriptional regulation of
gene expression. TERT has also been reported to regulate transcript levels through an RNA-dependent
RNA Polymerase (RdRP) activity and produce siRNAs in a Dicer-dependent manner. At the mitochondria,
TERT is suggested to protect against oxidative stress-induced mtDNA damage and promote mitochondrial
integrity. These extra-telomeric functions of TERT may be advantageous in the context of increased
proliferation and metabolic stress often found in rapidly-dividing cancer cells. Understanding
the spectrum of non-canonical functions of telomerase may have important implications for the rational
design of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A.H. Thompson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Judy M.Y. Wong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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26
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Lundberg M, Millischer V, Backlund L, Martinsson L, Stenvinkel P, Sellgren CM, Lavebratt C, Schalling M. Lithium and the Interplay Between Telomeres and Mitochondria in Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:586083. [PMID: 33132941 PMCID: PMC7553080 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric disorder which affects more than 1% of the world's population and is a leading cause of disability among young people. For the past 50 years, lithium has been the drug of choice for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder due to its potent ability to prevent both manic and depressive episodes as well as suicide. However, though lithium has been associated with a multitude of effects within different cellular pathways and biological systems, its specific mechanism of action in stabilizing mood remains largely elusive. Mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere shortening have been implicated in both the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and as targets of lithium treatment. Interestingly, it has in recent years become clear that these phenomena are intimately linked, partly through reactive oxygen species signaling and the subcellular translocation and non-canonical actions of telomerase reverse transcriptase. In this review, we integrate the current understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and telomere shortening in bipolar disorder with documented effects of lithium. Moreover, we propose that lithium's mechanism of action is intimately connected with the interdependent regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lundberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Backlund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Martinsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Healthcare Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Healthcare Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Xu Z, Tang H, Geng A, Cai B, Su T, Shi J, Jiang C, Tian X, Seluanov A, Huang J, Wan X, Jiang Y, Gorbunova V, Mao Z. A PARP1-BRG1-SIRT1 axis promotes HR repair by reducing nucleosome density at DNA damage sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8563-8580. [PMID: 31291457 PMCID: PMC7145522 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating access to DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites in the chromatin context is an essential step during the repair process, but much remains to be determined about its regulatory mechanisms. Here, using a novel reporter cassette for simultaneous detection of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) at the same chromosomal site, we report that the efficiency of HR but not NHEJ negatively correlates with nucleosome density. We demonstrate that PARP1 is required for HR by modulating nucleosome density at damage sites. Mechanistic studies indicate that the ATPase domain of BRG1 and the ZnF domain of SIRT1 interact with poly-ADP ribose (PAR) in response to DNA damage, and are responsible for bringing the two factors to broken DNA ends. At DNA damage sites, BRG1 and SIRT1 physically interact, whereupon SIRT1 deacetylates BRG1 at lysine residues 1029 and 1033, stimulating its ATPase activity to remodel chromatin and promote HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhu Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huanyin Tang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Anke Geng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bailian Cai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Su
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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28
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Vania L, Morris G, Otgaar TC, Bignoux MJ, Bernert M, Burns J, Gabathuse A, Singh E, Ferreira E, Weiss SFT. Patented therapeutic approaches targeting LRP/LR for cancer treatment. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:987-1009. [PMID: 31722579 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1693543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The ubiquitously expressed 37 kDa/67 kDa high-affinity laminin receptor (laminin receptor precursor/laminin receptor, LRP/LR) is a protein found to play several roles within cells. The receptor is located in the nucleus, cytosol and the cell surface. LRP/LR mediates cell proliferation, cell adhesion and cell differentiation. As a result, it is seen to enhance tumor angiogenesis as well as invasion and adhesion, key steps in the metastatic cascade of cancer. Recent findings have shown that LRP/LR is involved in the maintenance of cell viability through apoptotic evasion, allowing for tumor progression. Thus, several patented therapeutic approaches targeting the receptor for the prevention and treatment of cancer have emerged.Areas covered: The several roles that LRP/LR plays in cancer progression as well as an overview of the current therapeutic patented strategies targeting LRP/LR and cancer to date.Expert opinion: Small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and small interfering RNAs might act used as powerful tools in preventing tumor angiogenesis and metastasis through the induction of apoptosis and telomere erosion in several cancers. This review offers an overview of the roles played by LRP/LR in cancer progression, while providing novel patented approaches targeting the receptor as potential therapeutic routes for the treatment of cancer as well as various other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Vania
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Gavin Morris
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Tyrone C Otgaar
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Monique J Bignoux
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Martin Bernert
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jessica Burns
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Anne Gabathuse
- Wits Commercial Enterprise, The Commercial Development Hub, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Elvira Singh
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Eloise Ferreira
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Stefan F T Weiss
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
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29
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Pal-Ghosh S, Tadvalkar G, Lieberman VR, Guo X, Zieske JD, Hutcheon A, Stepp MA. Transient Mitomycin C-treatment of human corneal epithelial cells and fibroblasts alters cell migration, cytokine secretion, and matrix accumulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13905. [PMID: 31554858 PMCID: PMC6761181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A single application of Mitomycin C (MMC) is used clinically in ophthalmology to reduce scarring and enhance wound resolution after surgery. Here we show in vitro that a 3-hour MMC treatment of primary and telomerase immortalized human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells impacts their migration and adhesion. Transient MMC treatment induces HCLE expression of senescence associated secretory factors, cytokine secretion, and deposition of laminin 332 for several days. Transient MMC treatment also reduces migration and deposition of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)-stimulated collagen by corneal fibroblasts. Using conditioned media from control and MMC treated cells, we demonstrate that factors secreted by MMC-treated corneal epithelial cells attenuate collagen deposition by HCFs whereas those secreted by MMC-treated HCFs do not. These studies are the first to probe the roles played by corneal epithelial cells in reducing collagen deposition by corneal fibroblasts in response to MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2300 I St. NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Gauri Tadvalkar
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2300 I St. NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Verna Rose Lieberman
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2300 I St. NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114-2500, USA
| | - James D Zieske
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114-2500, USA
| | - Audrey Hutcheon
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114-2500, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stepp
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2300 I St. NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA. .,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, 2300 I St. NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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30
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Mitochondria as playmakers of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:139-153. [PMID: 31154010 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key energy-producing organelles and cellular source of reactive species. They are responsible for managing cell life and death by a balanced homeostasis passing through a network of structures, regulated principally via fission and fusion. Herein we discuss about the most advanced findings considering mitochondria as dynamic biophysical systems playing compelling roles in the regulation of energy metabolism in both physiologic and pathologic processes controlling cell death and survival. Precisely, we focus on the mitochondrial commitment to the onset, maintenance and counteraction of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence in the bioenergetic reprogramming of cancer cells. In this context, looking for a pharmacological manipulation of cell death processes as a successful route for future targeted therapies, there is major biotechnological challenge in underlining the location, function and molecular mechanism of mitochondrial proteins. Based on the critical role of mitochondrial functions for cellular health, a better knowledge of the main molecular players in mitochondria disfunction could be decisive for the therapeutical control of degenerative diseases, including cancer.
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31
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Kim DK, Kim EK, Jung DW, Kim J. Cytoskeletal alteration modulates cancer cell invasion through RhoA-YAP signaling in stromal fibroblasts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214553. [PMID: 30921404 PMCID: PMC6438594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) participate in carcinogenesis through interaction with cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cytoskeletal alteration of CAFs and its role in invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Immortalized normal fibroblasts(hTERT-hNOFs) co-cultured with OSCC cells showed myofibroblastic and senescent phenotypes like CAFs. Thus, this study substituted hTERT-hNOFs for CAFs. Next, the cytoskeletal alteration and its molecular mechanism were investigated in hTERT-hNOFs co-cultured with OSCC. As results, we found that RhoA regulated cytoskeletal organization in fibroblasts surrounding OSCC cells. Furthermore, as a downstream transcriptional factor of RhoA, YAP was mainly localized in the nucleus of hTERT-hNOFs co-cultured with OSCC. Consequently, we examined whether nuclear YAP localization of fibroblasts could influence cancer progression. YAPS127A fibroblasts manifesting nuclear localization of YAP induced cytoskeletal alteration and increased gel contractility and matrix stiffness, and thereby enhances the invasiveness of OSCC cells. In conclusion, the modification of tumor microenvironment, such as cytoskeletal change and matrix remodeling via RhoA-YAP in CAFs, modulates OSCC invasion. These understandings will provide the development of novel approaches for CAFs-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Kyeong Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Pathology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Jeonju Kijeon College, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Pathology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Pathology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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32
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Carroll JE, Van Dyk K, Bower JE, Scuric Z, Petersen L, Schiestl R, Irwin MR, Ganz PA. Cognitive performance in survivors of breast cancer and markers of biological aging. Cancer 2018; 125:298-306. [PMID: 30474160 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological aging pathways accelerated by cancer treatments may be a mechanism for cognitive impairment in cancer survivors. The goal of the current study was to examine whether indicators of biological aging, namely elevated levels of DNA damage, reduced telomerase enzymatic activity, and shorter peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) telomere length (TL) would be related to cognitive function in a cohort of survivors of breast cancer. METHODS The authors evaluated a cross-sectional sample of 94 women aged 36 to 69 years who were treated for early-stage breast cancer 3 to 6 years previously. Leukocyte DNA damage, PBMC telomerase enzymatic activity, PBMC TL, and the inflammatory marker soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNF-RII) were determined from blood samples. Cognitive function was assessed using a neuropsychological test battery and self-report. Linear regression models examined the relationship between biological aging predictors and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS Both higher DNA damage and lower telomerase were found to be statistically significantly related to lower executive function scores adjusting for age, body mass index, race, years from treatment, and intelligence score (standardized coefficients [B], -0.23 and 0.30; all P values <.05). In addition, lower telomerase activity was associated with worse attention and motor speed scores (B values, 0.30 and 0.24; P <.05). sTNF-RII and TL were found to be unrelated to any of the neurocognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest a significant association between measures of biological aging and objective measures of cognitive performance in survivors of breast cancer. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm a causal role of biological aging as a driver of declines in cognitive function after cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathleen Van Dyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zorica Scuric
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Environmental Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,University of California at Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura Petersen
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Schiestl
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Environmental Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,University of California at Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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33
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Olcay L, Ünal Ş, Onay H, Erdemli E, Öztürk A, Billur D, Metin A, Okur H, Yıldırmak Y, Büyükaşık Y, İkincioğulları A, Falay M, Özet G, Yetgin S. Both Granulocytic and Non-Granulocytic Blood Cells Are Affected in Patients with Severe Congenital Neutropenia and Their Non-Neutropenic Family Members: An Evaluation of Morphology, Function, and Cell Death. Turk J Haematol 2018; 35:229-259. [PMID: 30040071 PMCID: PMC6256814 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2017.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine granulocytic and non-granulocytic cells in children with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and their non-neutropenic parents. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with SCN and 21 non-neutropenic parents were evaluated for a) CD95, CD95 ligand, annexin V, propidium iodide, cell cycle, and lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry; b) rapid cell senescence (of leukocytes) by senescence-associated β-galactosidase stain; c) aggregation tests by aggregometer; d) in vitro bleeding time by PFA-100 instrument; e) mepacrine-labeled dense granule number of thrombocytes by fluorescence microscope; and f) hematomorphology by light and electron microscope. HAX1, ELANE, G6PC3, CSF3R, and JAGN1 mutations associated with SCN were studied in patients and several parents. Results: Significant increase in apoptosis and secondary necrosis in monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes of the patients and parents was detected, irrespective of the mutation type. CD95 and CD95 ligand results implied that apoptosis was non-CD95-mediated. Leukocytes of 25%, 12.5%, and 0% of patients, parents, and controls showed rapid cell senescence. The cell cycle analysis testable in four cases showed G1 arrest and apoptosis in lymphocytes of three. The patients had HAX1 (n=6), ELANE (n=2), G6PC3 (n=2), and unidentified (n=5) mutations. The CD3, CD4, and NK lymphocytes were below normal levels in 16.6%, 8.3%, and 36.4% of the patients and in 0%, 0%, and 15.4% of the parents (controls: 0%, 0%, 5.6%). The thrombocytes aggregated at low rates, dense granule number/thrombocyte ratio was low, and in vitro bleeding time was prolonged in 37.5%-66.6% of patients and 33.3%-63.2% of parents (vs. 0% in controls). Under electron and/or light microscope, the neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes in the peripheral blood of both patients and parents were dysplastic and the bone marrow of patients revealed increased phagocytic activity, dysmegakaryopoiesis, and necrotic and apoptotic cells. Ultrastructurally, thrombocyte adhesion, aggregation, and release were inadequate. Conclusion: In cases of SCN, patients’ pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and their non-neutropenic parents are both affected irrespective of the genetic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Olcay
- Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şule Ünal
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Onay
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdemli
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Öztürk
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Molecular Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Billur
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Metin
- Ankara Children’s Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamza Okur
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Yıldırmak
- Şişli Etfal Children’s Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yahya Büyükaşık
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydan İkincioğulları
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy and Pediatric Molecular Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mesude Falay
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülsüm Özet
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey,Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Yetgin
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
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34
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Jaiswal RK, Kumar P, Kumar M, Yadava PK. hTERT promotes tumor progression by enhancing TSPAN13 expression in osteosarcoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1038-1054. [PMID: 29722072 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase complex maintains the length of the telome, cbre, and protects erosion of the physical ends of the eukaryotic chromosome in all actively dividing cells including cancer cells. Telomerase activation extends the lifespan of cells in culture by maintaining the length of the telomere. Compared to terminally differentiated somatic cells, telomerase activity remains high in over 90% of cancer cells. It has now become clear that the role of telomerase is much more complex than just telomere lengthening. The remaining 10% of cancers deploy ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) pathway to maintain telomere length. Telomerase inhibitors offer a good therapeutic option. Also, telomerase-associated molecules can be targeted provided their roles are clearly established. In any case, it is necessary to understand the major role of telomerase in cancer cells. Many studies have already been done to explore gene profiling of a telomerase positive cell by knocking down expression of hTERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase). To complement these studies, we performed global gene profiling of a telomerase negative cell by ectopically expressing hTERT and studied changes in the global gene expression patterns. Analysis of microarray data for telomerase negative cells ectopically expressing telomerase showed 76 differentially regulated genes, out of which 39 genes were upregulated, and 37 were downregulated. Three upregulated genes such as TSPAN13, HMGCS2, DLX5, and three downregulated genes like DHRS2, CRYAB, and PDLIM1 were validated by real-time PCR. Knocking down of TSAPN13 in hTERT overexpressing U2OS cells enhanced the apoptosis of the cells. TSPAN13 knockdown in these cells suppressed mesenchymal properties and enhanced epithelial character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Jaiswal
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod K Yadava
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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35
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Zhang M, Guo X, Gao Y, Lu D, Li W. Tumor Cell-Accelerated Senescence Is Associated With DNA-PKcs Status and Telomere Dysfunction Induced by Radiation. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818771527. [PMID: 29760601 PMCID: PMC5944147 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818771527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether telomere structure integrity is related to radiosensitivity is not well investigated thus far. In this study, we investigated the relation between telomere instability and radiation-induced accelerated senescence. Partial knockdown of DNA-dependent catalytic subunit of protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was established by small interfering RNA. Radiosensitivity of control and DNA-PKcs knockdown MCF-7 cells was analyzed by clonogenetic assay. Cell growth was measured by real-time cell electronic sensing. Senescence and apoptosis were evaluated by β-galactosidase histochemical staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, respectively. DNA damage was determined by long polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Telomere length and integrity were analyzed by real-time PCR and cytogenetic assay, respectively. DNA-PKcs knockdown MCF-7 cells were more sensitive to X-irradiation than control cells. Further investigation revealed that accelerated senescence is more pronounced than apoptosis in cells after radiation, particularly in DNA-PKcs knockdown cells. The cytogenetic assay and kinetics of DNA damage repair revealed that the role of telomere end-capping in DNA-PKcs, rather than DNA damage repair, was more relevant to radiosensitivity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that DNA-PKcs plays an important role in radiation-induced accelerated senescence via maintenance of telomere integrity in MCF-7 cells. These results could be useful for future understanding of the radiation-induced genome instability and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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36
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Eitsuka T, Nakagawa K, Kato S, Ito J, Otoki Y, Takasu S, Shimizu N, Takahashi T, Miyazawa T. Modulation of Telomerase Activity in Cancer Cells by Dietary Compounds: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E478. [PMID: 29415465 PMCID: PMC5855700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is expressed in ~90% of human cancer cell lines and tumor specimens, whereas its enzymatic activity is not detectable in most human somatic cells, suggesting that telomerase represents a highly attractive target for selective cancer treatment. Accordingly, various classes of telomerase inhibitors have been screened and developed in recent years. We and other researchers have successfully found that some dietary compounds can modulate telomerase activity in cancer cells. Telomerase inhibitors derived from food are subdivided into two groups: one group directly blocks the enzymatic activity of telomerase (e.g., catechin and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), and the other downregulates the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, via signal transduction pathways (e.g., retinoic acid and tocotrienol). In contrast, a few dietary components, including genistein and glycated lipid, induce cellular telomerase activity in several types of cancer cells, suggesting that they may be involved in tumor progression. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the effects of dietary factors on telomerase regulation in cancer cells and discusses their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Eitsuka
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Shunji Kato
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Junya Ito
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Soo Takasu
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Naoki Shimizu
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
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37
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Ďurišová K, Čecháková L, Jošt P, Šinkorová Z, Kmochová A, Pejchal J, Ondrej M, Vávrová J, Tichý A. DNA repair inhibitors as radiosensitizers in human lung cells. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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38
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Lu AT, Xue L, Salfati EL, Chen BH, Ferrucci L, Levy D, Joehanes R, Murabito JM, Kiel DP, Tsai PC, Yet I, Bell JT, Mangino M, Tanaka T, McRae AF, Marioni RE, Visscher PM, Wray NR, Deary IJ, Levine ME, Quach A, Assimes T, Tsao PS, Absher D, Stewart JD, Li Y, Reiner AP, Hou L, Baccarelli AA, Whitsel EA, Aviv A, Cardona A, Day FR, Wareham NJ, Perry JRB, Ong KK, Raj K, Lunetta KL, Horvath S. GWAS of epigenetic aging rates in blood reveals a critical role for TERT. Nat Commun 2018; 9:387. [PMID: 29374233 PMCID: PMC5786029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation age is an accurate biomarker of chronological age and predicts lifespan, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. In this genome-wide association study of 9907 individuals, we find gene variants mapping to five loci associated with intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) and gene variants in three loci associated with extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA). Mendelian randomization analysis suggests causal influences of menarche and menopause on IEAA and lipoproteins on IEAA and EEAA. Variants associated with longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) paradoxically confer higher IEAA (P < 2.7 × 10-11). Causal modeling indicates TERT-specific and independent effects on LTL and IEAA. Experimental hTERT-expression in primary human fibroblasts engenders a linear increase in DNA methylation age with cell population doubling number. Together, these findings indicate a critical role for hTERT in regulating the epigenetic clock, in addition to its established role of compensating for cell replication-dependent telomere shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ake T Lu
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Luting Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Elias L Salfati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Brian H Chen
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20824-0105, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20824-0105, USA
| | - Roby Joehanes
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20824-0105, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Idil Yet
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Austin Quach
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Themistocles Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Box 358080, WHI Clinical Coordinating Ctr/Public Health Sciences M3-A4, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Evanston, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Evanston, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Abraham Aviv
- The Center for Human Development and Aging, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Alexia Cardona
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Kenneth Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Wang T, Yang J, Li R, Wang S, Liu J, Ye Z. Treatment of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction using endothelial progenitor cells genetically modified with human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39302-39315. [PMID: 27283992 PMCID: PMC5129934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of treatments for diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is quite poor, and stem cell therapy is emerging as a useful method. In this study, we used endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) overexpressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) for the treatment of DMED. Rat EPCs were transfected with hTERT (EPCs-hTERT). EPCs-hTERT secreted more growth factors and demonstrated enhanced proliferation and resistance to oxidative stress. Twenty-four male DMED rats were subjected to four treatments: DMED (DMED group), EPCs (EPCs group), EPCs transduced with control lentivirus (EPC-control group) and EPCs-hTERT (EPCs-hTERT group). A group of healthy rats were used as the normal control group. The erectile function in the EPCs-hTERT group was markedly increased compared with the EPCs and EPCs-control groups. The EPCs-hTERT group exhibited more growth factors, smooth muscle content and retained stem cells in penile tissues. The degree of apoptosis and collagen/smooth muscle ratio in penile tissues of the EPCs-hTERT group was considerably reduced. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression increased significantly in the EPCs-hTERT group. Taken together, these data showed that the enhanced paracrine effect, resistance to oxidative stress and proliferation of EPCs-hTERT may contribute to the improvements of erectile function in DMED rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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40
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Hashimoto N, Kiyono T, Saitow F, Asada M, Yoshida M. Reversible differentiation of immortalized human bladder smooth muscle cells accompanied by actin bundle reorganization. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186584. [PMID: 29049386 PMCID: PMC5648286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a pivotal role in human diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the reversible differentiation of SMCs remain elusive particularly because cultured SMCs that reproducibly exhibit bidirectional phenotypic modulation have not been established. Here we established an immortalized human bladder SMC line designated as hBS11. Under differentiation-inducing conditions, hBS11 cells underwent smooth muscle differentiation accompanied by the robust expression of smooth muscle differentiation markers and isoform-dependent reorganization of actin bundles. The cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol increased intracellular calcium in differentiated hBS11 cells in an acetylcholine muscarinic receptor-dependent manner. Differentiated hBS11 cells displayed contractile properties depending on the elevation in the levels of intracellular calcium. Depolarization of membrane potential triggered inward sodium current in differentiated hBS11 cells. However, differentiated hBS11 cells lost the differentiated phenotype and resumed mitosis when re-fed with growth medium. Our study provides direct evidence pertaining to the human bladder SMCs being able to retain the capacity of reversible differentiation and that the reorganization of actin bundles is involved in the reinstatement of contractility. Moreover, we have established a human SMC line retaining high proliferating potential without compromising differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Hashimoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Oobu, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihito Saitow
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Asada
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Oobu, Aichi, Japan
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41
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Chhunchha B, Singh P, Stamer WD, Singh DP. Prdx6 retards senescence and restores trabecular meshwork cell health by regulating reactive oxygen species. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17060. [PMID: 28904819 PMCID: PMC5592691 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressive decline in antioxidant potential and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major causes of pathogenesis of several diseases, including glaucoma. Trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction resulting in higher intraocular pressure (IOP) is a hallmark of glaucoma, but its causes are unclear. Using human (h) TM cells derived from glaucomatous and normal subjects of different ages and cells facing oxidative-stress, we showed that specific loss of moonlighting antioxidant protein Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 6 in aging or in glaucomatous TM cells caused ROS accumulation and pathobiological changes in TM cells. Prdx6 limits the levels of ROS, thus preventing overstimulation of genes and resultant deleterious effects. We found that Prdx6 levels declined in aging and were reduced dramatically in glaucomatous and aged TM cells. Biochemical assays revealed enhanced levels of ROS, and high expression/activation of TGFβs and its responsive extracellular matrix genes α-SM, fibronectin, TGase2 and Tsp1 in aged or glaucomatous cells. Furthermore, hTM cells displayed typical features of the combined effects of TGFβs and oxidative-stress-induced cellular changes, showing increased levels of lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and senescence markers p16, p21 and SA-βgal activity, along with reduced levels of telomerase expression and activity. Exposure to oxidative-stress (H2O2) or knocking down of Prdx6 (with antisense) accelerated this process. Importantly, Prdx6 delivery to sick or aged TM cells reversed the process. We propose Prdx6 as a potential therapeutic target to guard the TM from oxidative-stress and age-dependent accumulation of ROS by balancing redox-homeostasis to prevent ocular disorders, like glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha,NE, USA
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha,NE, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha,NE, USA
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42
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Ma Q, Yu Y, Dai L, Qu X, Cong S, Liang H. Effect of TERT on the growth of fibrosarcoma via caspase-3, survivin and PKB. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1939-1942. [PMID: 28789428 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the effect of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) on the growth and apoptosis of fibrosarcoma, and investigated the potential molecular signalling pathways underlying its effect. A plasmid was constructed in order to overexpress TERT and siRNA was used to knockdown TERT. The effect of TERT on fibrosarcoma cells in vitro was studied by performing reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting to determine the expression of p53, survivin, caspase-3, caspase-7 and PKB. Knockdown of TERT suppressed cell growth, decreased fibrosarcoma volume, decreased survivin and PKB expression, and increased caspase-3 expression. The results of the present study suggest that TERT regulates the growth of fibrosarcoma in vitro and in vivo, and that this is associated with the expression of caspase-3 and survivin, in addition to the PKB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuye Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiulongpo, Chongqing 400080, P.R. China
| | - Yidong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiulongpo, Chongqing 400080, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Helongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xuehua Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Helongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Helongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongsuo Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
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43
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Petrova NV, Velichko AK, Razin SV, Kantidze OL. Small molecule compounds that induce cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2016; 15:999-1017. [PMID: 27628712 PMCID: PMC6398529 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, dozens of stress‐induced cellular senescence phenotypes have been reported. These cellular senescence states may differ substantially from each other, as well as from replicative senescence through the presence of specific senescence features. Here, we attempted to catalog virtually all of the cellular senescence‐like states that can be induced by low molecular weight compounds. We summarized biological markers, molecular pathways involved in senescence establishment, and specific traits of cellular senescence states induced by more than fifty small molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artem K. Velichko
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS 34/5 Vavilova Street 119334 Moscow Russia
| | - Sergey V. Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS 34/5 Vavilova Street 119334 Moscow Russia
- Department of Molecular Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Moscow Russia
- LIA 1066 French‐Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory 94805 Villejuif France
| | - Omar L. Kantidze
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS 34/5 Vavilova Street 119334 Moscow Russia
- LIA 1066 French‐Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory 94805 Villejuif France
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44
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Kida Y, Goligorsky MS. Sirtuins, Cell Senescence, and Vascular Aging. Can J Cardiol 2015; 32:634-41. [PMID: 26948035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRTs) constitute a class of proteins with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase or adenosine diphosphate-ribosyltransferase activity. Seven SIRT family members have been identified in mammals, from SIRT1, the best studied for its role in vascular aging, to SIRT7. SIRT1 and SIRT2 are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are mitochondrial, and SIRT6 and SIRT7 are nuclear. Extensive studies have clearly revealed that SIRT proteins regulate diverse cell functions and responses to stressors. Vascular aging involves the aging process (senescence) of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Two types of cell senescence have been identified: (1) replicative senescence with telomere attrition; and (2) stress-induced premature senescence without telomere involvement. Both types of senescence induce vascular cell growth arrest and loss of vascular homeostasis, and contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Previous mechanistic studies have revealed in detail that SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 show protective functions against vascular aging, and definite vascular function of other SIRTs is under investigation. Thus, direct SIRT modulation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide stimulation of SIRT are promising candidates for cardiovascular disease therapy. A small number of pilot studies have been conducted to assess SIRT modulation in humans. These clinical studies have not yet provided convincing evidence that SIRT proteins alleviate morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The outcomes of multiple ongoing clinical trials are awaited to define the efficacy of SIRT modulators and SIRT activators in cardiovascular diseases, along with the potential adverse effects of chronic SIRT modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Kida
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
| | - Michael S Goligorsky
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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45
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Duraimani S, Schneider RH, Randall OS, Nidich SI, Xu S, Ketete M, Rainforth MA, Gaylord-King C, Salerno JW, Fagan J. Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Telomerase Gene Expression in Hypertensive Patients: A Pilot Trial of Stress Reduction and Health Education Programs in African Americans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142689. [PMID: 26571023 PMCID: PMC4646647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans suffer from disproportionately high rates of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Psychosocial stress, lifestyle and telomere dysfunction contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated effects of stress reduction and lifestyle modification on blood pressure, telomerase gene expression and lifestyle factors in African Americans. METHODS Forty-eight African American men and women with stage I hypertension who participated in a larger randomized controlled trial volunteered for this substudy. These subjects participated in either stress reduction with the Transcendental Meditation technique and a basic health education course (SR) or an extensive health education program (EHE) for 16 weeks. Primary outcomes were telomerase gene expression (hTERT and hTR) and clinic blood pressure. Secondary outcomes included lifestyle-related factors. Data were analyzed for within-group and between-group changes. RESULTS Both groups showed increases in the two measures of telomerase gene expression, hTR mRNA levels (SR: p< 0.001; EHE: p< 0.001) and hTERT mRNA levels (SR: p = 0.055; EHE: p< 0.002). However, no statistically significant between-group changes were observed. Both groups showed reductions in systolic BP. Adjusted changes were SR = -5.7 mm Hg, p< 0.01; EHE = -9.0 mm Hg, p < 0.001 with no statistically significant difference between group difference. There was a significant reduction in diastolic BP in the EHE group (-5.3 mm Hg, p< 0.001) but not in SR (-1.2 mm Hg, p = 0.42); the between-group difference was significant (p = 0.04). The EHE group showed a greater number of changes in lifestyle behaviors. CONCLUSION In this pilot trial, both stress reduction (Transcendental Meditation technique plus health education) and extensive health education groups demonstrated increased telomerase gene expression and reduced BP. The association between increased telomerase gene expression and reduced BP observed in this high-risk population suggest hypotheses that telomerase gene expression may either be a biomarker for reduced BP or a mechanism by which stress reduction and lifestyle modification reduces BP. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00681200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Duraimani
- Center for Natural Medicine and Prevention, Maharishi University of Management Research Institute, Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Health, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, Iowa, United States of America
- MUM Molecular Biology Laboratory, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Schneider
- Center for Natural Medicine and Prevention, Maharishi University of Management Research Institute, Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Health, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Otelio S. Randall
- Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Sanford I. Nidich
- Center for Natural Medicine and Prevention, Maharishi University of Management Research Institute, Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Health, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shichen Xu
- Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Muluemebet Ketete
- Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Maxwell A. Rainforth
- Center for Natural Medicine and Prevention, Maharishi University of Management Research Institute, Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Gaylord-King
- Center for Natural Medicine and Prevention, Maharishi University of Management Research Institute, Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - John W. Salerno
- Center for Natural Medicine and Prevention, Maharishi University of Management Research Institute, Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - John Fagan
- Department of Physiology and Health, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, Iowa, United States of America
- MUM Molecular Biology Laboratory, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield Iowa, United States of America
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Parplys AC, Zhao W, Sharma N, Groesser T, Liang F, Maranon DG, Leung SG, Grundt K, Dray E, Idate R, Østvold AC, Schild D, Sung P, Wiese C. NUCKS1 is a novel RAD51AP1 paralog important for homologous recombination and genome stability. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9817-34. [PMID: 26323318 PMCID: PMC4787752 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NUCKS1 (nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1) is a 27 kD chromosomal, vertebrate-specific protein, for which limited functional data exist. Here, we demonstrate that NUCKS1 shares extensive sequence homology with RAD51AP1 (RAD51 associated protein 1), suggesting that these two proteins are paralogs. Similar to the phenotypic effects of RAD51AP1 knockdown, we find that depletion of NUCKS1 in human cells impairs DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) and chromosome stability. Depletion of NUCKS1 also results in greatly increased cellular sensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC), and in increased levels of spontaneous and MMC-induced chromatid breaks. NUCKS1 is critical to maintaining wild type HR capacity, and, as observed for a number of proteins involved in the HR pathway, functional loss of NUCKS1 leads to a slow down in DNA replication fork progression with a concomitant increase in the utilization of new replication origins. Interestingly, recombinant NUCKS1 shares the same DNA binding preference as RAD51AP1, but binds to DNA with reduced affinity when compared to RAD51AP1. Our results show that NUCKS1 is a chromatin-associated protein with a role in the DNA damage response and in HR, a DNA repair pathway critical for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Parplys
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Torsten Groesser
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fengshan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David G Maranon
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Stanley G Leung
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kirsten Grundt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eloïse Dray
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rupa Idate
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Anne Carine Østvold
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - David Schild
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Zhang T, Tian F, Wang J, Zhou S, Dong X, Guo K, Jing J, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Donepezil attenuates high glucose-accelerated senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through SIRT1 activation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:787-92. [PMID: 26194321 PMCID: PMC4529865 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence of endothelial cells is a damage and stress response which induces pro-inflammatory, pro-atherosclerotic, and pro-thrombotic phenotypes. Donepezil is a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the attenuation of endothelial cell senescence by donepezil and to explore the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of donepezil. Our results indicated that high glucose (HG) markedly decreased cell viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and this phenomenon was reversed by treatment with donepezil. Importantly, our results displayed that the frequency of senescent (SA-ß-gal-positive) cells and the expression level of senescence genes (PAI-1 and p21) were significantly higher in the HG group compared with the normal glucose (NG) group, and these changes were blocked by treatment with donepezil. Also, our results showed that donepezil inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promotes cellular senescence. Pretreatment with nicotinamide (NAM), a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor, inhibited the reduction in senescence associated with donepezil. Indeed, our results indicated that donepezil increased the SIRT1 enzyme activity. Therefore, these results show that donepezil delays cellular senescence that is promoted under HG condition via activation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Vidyasekar P, Shyamsunder P, Arun R, Santhakumar R, Kapadia NK, Kumar R, Verma RS. Genome Wide Expression Profiling of Cancer Cell Lines Cultured in Microgravity Reveals Significant Dysregulation of Cell Cycle and MicroRNA Gene Networks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135958. [PMID: 26295583 PMCID: PMC4546578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero gravity causes several changes in metabolic and functional aspects of the human body and experiments in space flight have demonstrated alterations in cancer growth and progression. This study reports the genome wide expression profiling of a colorectal cancer cell line-DLD-1, and a lymphoblast leukemic cell line-MOLT-4, under simulated microgravity in an effort to understand central processes and cellular functions that are dysregulated among both cell lines. Altered cell morphology, reduced cell viability and an aberrant cell cycle profile in comparison to their static controls were observed in both cell lines under microgravity. The process of cell cycle in DLD-1 cells was markedly affected with reduced viability, reduced colony forming ability, an apoptotic population and dysregulation of cell cycle genes, oncogenes, and cancer progression and prognostic markers. DNA microarray analysis revealed 1801 (upregulated) and 2542 (downregulated) genes (>2 fold) in DLD-1 cultures under microgravity while MOLT-4 cultures differentially expressed 349 (upregulated) and 444 (downregulated) genes (>2 fold) under microgravity. The loss in cell proliferative capacity was corroborated with the downregulation of the cell cycle process as demonstrated by functional clustering of DNA microarray data using gene ontology terms. The genome wide expression profile also showed significant dysregulation of post transcriptional gene silencing machinery and multiple microRNA host genes that are potential tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes including MIR22HG, MIR17HG and MIR21HG. The MIR22HG, a tumor-suppressor gene was one of the highest upregulated genes in the microarray data showing a 4.4 log fold upregulation under microgravity. Real time PCR validated the dysregulation in the host gene by demonstrating a 4.18 log fold upregulation of the miR-22 microRNA. Microarray data also showed dysregulation of direct targets of miR-22, SP1, CDK6 and CCNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Vidyasekar
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Pavithra Shyamsunder
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajpranap Arun
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Santhakumar
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Nand Kishore Kapadia
- Department of cardiothoracic Surgery, Global Hospital, Perumbakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of cardiology, Fortis Malar Hospital, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
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49
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Babizhayev MA, Yegorov YE. Tissue formation and tissue engineering through host cell recruitment or a potential injectable cell-based biocomposite with replicative potential: Molecular mechanisms controlling cellular senescence and the involvement of controlled transient telomerase activation therapies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3993-4023. [PMID: 26034007 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated data indicate that wound-care products should have a composition equivalent to that of the skin: a combination of particular growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins endogenous to the skin, together with viable epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Strategies consisting of bioengineered dressings and cell-based products have emerged for widespread clinical use; however, their performance is not optimal because chronic wounds persist as a serious unmet medical need. Telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein complex that adds telomeric repeats to the ends of chromosomes, is responsible for telomere maintenance, and its expression is associated with cell immortalization and, in certain cases, cancerogenesis. Telomerase contains a catalytic subunit, the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Introduction of TERT into human cells extends both their lifespan and their telomeres to lengths typical of young cells. The regulation of TERT involves transcriptional and posttranscriptional molecular biology mechanisms. The manipulation, regulation of telomerase is multifactorial in mammalian cells, involving overall telomerase gene expression, post-translational protein-protein interactions, and protein phosphorylation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in aging, apoptosis, and necrosis of cells in numerous diseases. Upon production of high levels of ROS from exogenous or endogenous generators, the redox balance is perturbed and cells are shifted into a state of oxidative stress, which subsequently leads to modifications of intracellular proteins and membrane lipid peroxidation and to direct DNA damage. When the oxidative stress is severe, survival of the cell is dependent on the repair or replacement of damaged molecules, which can result in induction of apoptosis in the injured with ROS cells. ROS-mediated oxidative stress induces the depletion of hTERT from the nucleus via export through the nuclear pores. Nuclear export is initiated by ROS-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine 707 within hTERT by the Src kinase family. It might be presumed that protection of mitochondria against oxidative stress is an important telomere length-independent function for telomerase in cell survival. Biotechnology companies are focused on development of therapeutic telomerase vaccines, telomerase inhibitors, and telomerase promoter-driven cell killing in oncology, have a telomerase antagonist in late preclinical studies. Anti-aging medicine-oriented groups have intervened on the market with products working on telomerase activation for a broad range of degenerative diseases in which replicative senescence or telomere dysfunction may play an important role. Since oxidative damage has been shown to shorten telomeres in tissue culture models, the adequate topical, transdermal, or systemic administration of antioxidants (such as, patented ocular administration of 1% N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops in the treatment of cataracts) may be beneficial at preserving telomere lengths and delaying the onset or in treatment of disease in susceptible individuals. Therapeutic strategies toward controlled transient activation of telomerase are targeted to cells and replicative potential in cell-based therapies, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Babizhayev
- Innovative Vision Products, Inc., 3511 Silverside Road, Suite 105, County of New Castle, Delaware, 19810
| | - Yegor E Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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50
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Widel M, Lalik A, Krzywon A, Poleszczuk J, Fujarewicz K, Rzeszowska-Wolny J. The different radiation response and radiation-induced bystander effects in colorectal carcinoma cells differing in p53 status. Mutat Res 2015; 778:61-70. [PMID: 26099456 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effect, appearing as different biological changes in cells that are not directly exposed to ionizing radiation but are under the influence of molecular signals secreted by irradiated neighbors, have recently attracted considerable interest due to their possible implication for radiotherapy. However, various cells present diverse radiosensitivity and bystander responses that depend, inter alia, on genetic status including TP53, the gene controlling the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis. Here we compared the ionizing radiation and bystander responses of human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells with wild type or knockout TP53 using a transwell co-culture system. The viability of exposed to X-rays (0-8 Gy) and bystander cells of both lines showed a roughly comparable decline with increasing dose. The frequency of micronuclei was also comparable at lower doses but at higher increased considerably, especially in bystander TP53-/- cells. Moreover, the TP53-/- cells showed a significantly elevated frequency of apoptosis, while TP53+/+ counterparts expressed high level of senescence. The cross-matched experiments where irradiated cells of one line were co-cultured with non-irradiated cells of opposite line show that both cell lines were also able to induce bystander effects in their counterparts, however different endpoints revealed with different strength. Potential mediators of bystander effects, IL-6 and IL-8, were also generated differently in both lines. The knockout cells secreted IL-6 at lower doses whereas wild type cells only at higher doses. Secretion of IL-8 by TP53-/- control cells was many times lower than that by TP53+/+ but increased significantly after irradiation. Transcription of the NFκBIA was induced in irradiated TP53+/+ mainly, but in bystanders a higher level was observed in TP53-/- cells, suggesting that TP53 is required for induction of NFκB pathway after irradiation but another mechanism of activation must operate in bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Widel
- Biosystems Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Lalik
- Biosystems Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Krzywon
- Biosystems Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jan Poleszczuk
- College of Inter-faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 93 Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Krzysztof Fujarewicz
- Biosystems Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Rzeszowska-Wolny
- Biosystems Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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