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Suba Z. DNA Damage Responses in Tumors Are Not Proliferative Stimuli, but Rather They Are DNA Repair Actions Requiring Supportive Medical Care. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1573. [PMID: 38672654 PMCID: PMC11049279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tumors, somatic mutagenesis presumably drives the DNA damage response (DDR) via altered regulatory pathways, increasing genomic instability and proliferative activity. These considerations led to the standard therapeutic strategy against cancer: the disruption of mutation-activated DNA repair pathways of tumors. PURPOSE Justifying that cancer cells are not enemies to be killed, but rather that they are ill human cells which have the remnants of physiologic regulatory pathways. RESULTS 1. Genomic instability and cancer development may be originated from a flaw in estrogen signaling rather than excessive estrogen signaling; 2. Healthy cells with genomic instability exhibit somatic mutations, helping DNA restitution; 3. Somatic mutations in tumor cells aim for the restoration of DNA damage, rather than further genomic derangement; 4. In tumors, estrogen signaling drives the pathways of DNA stabilization, leading to apoptotic death; 5. In peritumoral cellular infiltration, the genomic damage of the tumor induces inflammatory cytokine secretion and increased estrogen synthesis. In the inflammatory cells, an increased growth factor receptor (GFR) signaling confers the unliganded activation of estrogen receptors (ERs); 6. In breast cancer cells responsive to genotoxic therapy, constitutive mutations help the upregulation of estrogen signaling and consequential apoptosis. In breast tumors non-responsive to genotoxic therapy, the possibilities for ER activation via either liganded or unliganded pathways are exhausted, leading to farther genomic instability and unrestrained proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the real character and behavior of human tumors at the molecular level suggests that we should learn the genome repairing methods of tumors and follow them by supportive therapy, rather than provoking additional genomic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Suba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György Str. 7-9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Mohammed SAH, Mirdamadi M, Szucs KF, Gaspar R. Non-genomic actions of steroid hormones on the contractility of non-vascular smooth muscles. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116063. [PMID: 38373593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones play an important role in physiological processes. The classical pathway of steroid actions is mediated by nuclear receptors, which regulate genes to modify biological processes. Non-genomic pathways of steroid actions are also known, mediated by cell membrane-located seven transmembrane domain receptors. Sex steroids and glucocorticoids have several membrane receptors already identified to mediate their rapid actions. However, mineralocorticoids have no identified membrane receptors, although their rapid actions are also measurable. In non-vascular smooth muscles (bronchial, uterine, gastrointestinal, and urinary), the rapid actions of steroids are mediated through the modification of the intracellular Ca2+ level by various Ca-channels and the cAMP and IP3 system. The non-genomic action can be converted into a genomic one, suggesting that these distinct pathways may interconnect, resulting in convergence between them. Sex steroids mostly relax all the non-vascular smooth muscles, except androgens and progesterone, which contract colonic and urinary bladder smooth muscles, respectively. Corticosteroids also induce relaxation in bronchial and uterine tissues, but their actions on gastrointestinal and urinary bladder smooth muscles have not been investigated yet. Bile acids also contribute to the smooth muscle contractility. Although the therapeutic application of the rapid effects of steroid hormones and their analogues for smooth muscle contractility disorders seems remote, the actions and mechanism discovered so far are promising. Further research is needed to expand our knowledge in this field by using existing experience. One of the greatest challenges is to separate genomic and non-genomic effects, but model molecules are available to start this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif-Alnasr H Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert-Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mohsen Mirdamadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert-Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kalman F Szucs
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert-Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Robert Gaspar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert-Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Hungary.
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3
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Harvey BJ, Harvey HM. Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Nongenomic Signalling of Oestrogen. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2225. [PMID: 38137047 PMCID: PMC10742859 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy that exhibits distinct differences in incidence, prognosis, and treatment responses between males and females. These disparities have long been attributed to hormonal differences, particularly the influence of oestrogen signalling. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in colon cancer and the protective role of membrane and nuclear oestrogen signalling in CRC development, progression, and therapeutic interventions. We discuss the epidemiological and molecular evidence supporting sex differences in colon cancer, followed by an exploration of the impact of oestrogen in CRC through various genomic and nongenomic signalling pathways involving membrane and nuclear oestrogen receptors. Furthermore, we examine the interplay between oestrogen receptors and other signalling pathways, in particular the Wnt/β-catenin proliferative pathway and hypoxia in shaping biological sex differences and oestrogen protective actions in colon cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential therapeutic implications of targeting oestrogen signalling in the management of colon cancer and propose future research directions to address the current gaps in our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry M. Harvey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z5, Canada;
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4
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Zhang XH, Cui H, Zheng SM, Lu Y, Yuan HW, Zhang L, Wang HH, Du RS. Electroacupuncture regulates microglial polarization via inhibiting NF-κB/COX2 pathway following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148516. [PMID: 37562566 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important pathological mechanisms following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The NF-κB/COX2 pathway regulates neuroinflammation and oxidative damage, while microglia also play an important role in neuroinflammation. Since NF-κB is involved in microglial polarization, targeting this pathway and microglial polarization is a critical component of TBI treatment. Currently, electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used to treat various symptoms after TBI, but the mechanisms of EA remain poorly understood. Additionally, the optimal frequency of EA remains unclear, which affects its efficacy. This study focuses on exploring the optimal frequency parameters of EA on TBI and investigating the underlying mechanisms of EA through NF-κB/COX2 pathway and microglial polarization. METHODS The study was divided into two parts. In Experiment 1, 42 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were induced and randomly divided into seven groups (n = 6). Except for the sham group, all rats underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) to establish TBI model. Four EA groups (with different frequencies) and manual acupuncture (without current stimulation) received stimulation on the acupoints of Shuigou (GV26), Fengchi (GB20) and Neiguan (PC6) once a day for 7 days. The neurological function was assessed by modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS), and the rats' memory and learning were examined by the Morris water maze (MWM). SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px were detected to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were evaluated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Detection of the above indicators indicated a treatment group that exerted the strongest neuroprotection against TBI, we then conducted Experiment 2 using this screened acupuncture treatment to investigate the mechanism of acupuncture. 48 rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12): sham, TBI model, acupuncture and PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor). Evaluations of mNSS, MWM test, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were the same as in Experiment 1. Western blot was applied for detecting the expression levels of NF-κB, p-NF-κB, COX2, and Arg-1. TUNEL was used to examine neuronal apoptosis. Brain structure was observed by H&E. Iba-1, COX2, and Arg-1 were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS EA with frequency of 2/100 Hz markedly improved neuronal and cognitive function as compared to the other treatment groups. Moreover, it downregulated the expression of MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and upregulated the levels of SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, Both EA with 2/100 Hz and PDTC reduced the levels of p-NF-κB, COX2 and M1 markers (COX2, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and increased the levels of M2 markers (Arg-1, IL-10). Moreover, they had similar effects on reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and improving neuronal and cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS The collective findings strongly suggest that EA with 2/100 Hz can improve neurologic function by suppressing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Additionally, we confirm that EA promotes microglial polarization towards the M2 phenotype through the suppression of NF-κB/COX2 pathway, thus exerting neuroprotective effects after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hai Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shu-Mei Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Wen Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Hong Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ruo-Sang Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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5
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Clusan L, Ferrière F, Flouriot G, Pakdel F. A Basic Review on Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076834. [PMID: 37047814 PMCID: PMC10095386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the deadliest among women worldwide. Estrogen signaling is closely associated with hormone-dependent breast cancer (estrogen and progesterone receptor positive), which accounts for two-thirds of tumors. Hormone therapy using antiestrogens is the gold standard, but resistance to these treatments invariably occurs through various biological mechanisms, such as changes in estrogen receptor activity, mutations in the ESR1 gene, aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway or cell cycle dysregulations. All these factors have led to the development of new therapies, such as selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), or combination therapies with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 or PI3K inhibitors. Therefore, understanding the estrogen pathway is essential for the treatment and new drug development of hormone-dependent cancers. This mini-review summarizes current literature on the signalization, mechanisms of action and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Clusan
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Ferrière
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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6
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Fardoun M, Mondello S, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. G protein estrogen receptor as a potential therapeutic target in Raynaud’s phenomenon. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1061374. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated cold-induced vasoconstriction can precipitate a pathogenesis called Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). Interestingly, RP is significantly more prevalent in females than age-matched men, highlighting the potential implication of 17β-estradiol (E2) in the etio-pathogenesis of this disease. Indeed, we have previously reported that E2 stimulates the expression of vascular alpha 2C-adrenoceptors (α2C-AR), the sole mediator of cold-induced constriction of cutaneous arterioles. This induced expression occurs through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate → exchange protein activated by cAMP→ Ras-related protein 1→ c-Jun N-terminal kinase→ activator protein-1 (cAMP/Epac/Rap/JNK/AP-1 pathway). On the basis that estrogen-induced rapid cAMP accumulation and JNK activation occurs so rapidly we hypothesized that a non-classic, plasma membrane estrogen receptor was the mediator. We then showed that an impermeable form of E2, namely E2:BSA, mimics E2 effects suggesting a role for the membranous G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in E2-induced α2C-AR expression. Our current working hypothesis and unpublished observations further cement this finding, as G1, a GPER agonist, mimics while G15, a GPER antagonist, abrogates estrogen’s effect on the expression of vascular α2C-AR. These, and other observations, highlight the potential of GPER as a tractable target in the management of RP, particularly in pre-menopausal women.
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7
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Zheng HS, Daniel JG, Salamat JM, Mackay L, Foradori CD, Kemppainen RJ, Pondugula SR, Tao YX, Huang CCJ. Early transcriptomic response of mouse adrenal gland and Y-1 cells to dexamethasone. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220064. [PMID: 35904237 PMCID: PMC9346337 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have short- and long-term effects on adrenal gland function and development. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify early transcriptomic responses to the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex), in vitro and in vivo. In total, 1711 genes were differentially expressed in the adrenal glands of the 1-h Dex-treated mice. Among them, only 113 were also considered differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in murine adrenocortical Y-1 cells treated with Dex for 1 h. Gene ontology analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs in the adrenal gland of the 1-h Dex-treated mice were highly associated with the development of neuronal cells, suggesting the adrenal medulla had a rapid response to Dex. Interestingly, only 4.3% of Dex-responsive genes in the Y-1 cell line under Dex treatment for 1 h were differentially expressed under Dex treatment for 24 h. The heatmaps revealed that most early responsive DEGs in Y-1 cells during 1 h of treatment exhibited a transient response. The expression of these genes under treatment for 24 h returned to basal levels similar to that during control treatment. In summary, this research compared the rapid transcriptomic effects of Dex stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Notably, adrenocortical Y-1 cells had a transient early response to Dex treatment. Furthermore, the DEGs had a minimal overlap in the 1-h Dex-treated group in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifei Sophia Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jeffrey G Daniel
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Julia M Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Laci Mackay
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Chad D Foradori
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Robert J Kemppainen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
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8
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Lim JS, Lee KW, Ko KP, Jeong SI, Ryu BK, Lee MG, Chi SG. XAF1 destabilizes estrogen receptor α through the assembly of a BRCA1-mediated destruction complex and promotes estrogen-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2022; 41:2897-2908. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Di Donato M, Migliaccio A, Castoria G. Targeting ERβ to fight melanoma: a new valid approach? J Transl Med 2022; 20:156. [PMID: 35382855 PMCID: PMC8981868 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
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10
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Chimento A, De Luca A, Avena P, De Amicis F, Casaburi I, Sirianni R, Pezzi V. Estrogen Receptors-Mediated Apoptosis in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1242. [PMID: 35163166 PMCID: PMC8835409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis through estrogen receptor(ER)-mediated mechanisms in many cancer cell types. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that estrogens can also induce apoptosis, activating different ER isoforms in cancer cells. It has been observed that E2/ERα complex activates multiple pathways involved in both cell cycle progression and apoptotic cascade prevention, while E2/ERβ complex in many cases directs the cells to apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of estrogen-induced tumor regression is not completely known. Nevertheless, ERs expression levels of specific splice variants and their cellular localization differentially affect outcome of estrogen-dependent tumors. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge on ERs-mediated apoptosis that occurs in main hormone dependent-cancers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of ER-mediated cell death will be useful for the development of specific ligands capable of triggering apoptosis to counteract estrogen-dependent tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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11
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Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. MATERNAL-FETAL MEDICINE 2022; 4:52-60. [PMID: 35072088 PMCID: PMC8772435 DOI: 10.1097/fm9.0000000000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is associated with dramatically increased estrogen biosynthesis whose role is believed to raise uterine blood flow to facilitate the bi-directional maternal-fetal exchanges of gases (O2 and CO2), to deliver nutrients, and exhaust wastes to support fetal development and survival. Constrained uterine blood flow in pregnancy is a leading cause of preeclampsia with fetal growth restriction, rendering investigations of uterine hemodynamics to hold a high promise to inform pathways as targets for therapeutic interventions for preeclampsia. The mechanisms of estrogen-induced uterine vasodilation in pregnancy have long been attributed to enhanced endothelium production of nitric oxide, but clinical trials targeting this pathway that dominates uterine hemodynamics have achieved no to little success. Emerging evidence has recently shown a novel proangiogenic vasodilatory role of hydrogen sulfide in regulating uterine hemodynamics in pregnancy and preeclampsia, provoking a new field of perinatal research in searching for alternative pathways for pregnancy disorders especially preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. This minireview is intended to summarize the nitric oxide pathway and to discuss the emerging hydrogen sulfide pathway in modulating estrogen-induced uterine vasodilation in pregnancy and preeclampsia.
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12
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Adlanmerini M, Fontaine C, Gourdy P, Arnal JF, Lenfant F. Segregation of nuclear and membrane-initiated actions of estrogen receptor using genetically modified animals and pharmacological tools. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111467. [PMID: 34626731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, playing widespread functions in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. Beside the canonical function of ERs as nuclear receptors, in this review, we summarize our current understanding of extra-nuclear, membrane-initiated functions of ERs with a specific focus on ERα. Over the last decade, in vivo evidence has accumulated to demonstrate the physiological relevance of this ERα membrane-initiated-signaling from mouse models to selective pharmacological tools. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and future challenges opened by the integration of extra-nuclear ERα signaling in physiology and pathology of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Adlanmerini
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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13
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Gerges SH, El-Kadi AOS. Sex differences in eicosanoid formation and metabolism: A possible mediator of sex discrepancies in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 234:108046. [PMID: 34808133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is metabolized by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes to produce prostaglandins, leukotrienes, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), along with other eicosanoids. Eicosanoids have important physiological and pathological roles in the body, including the cardiovascular system. Evidence from several experimental and clinical studies indicates differences in eicosanoid levels, as well as in the activity or expression levels of their synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes between males and females. In addition, there is a clear state of gender specificity in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which tend to be more common in men compared to women, and their risk increases significantly in postmenopausal women compared to younger women. This could be largely attributed to sex hormones, as androgens exert detrimental effects on the heart and blood vessels, whereas estrogen exhibits cardioprotective effects. Many of androgen and estrogen effects on the cardiovascular system are mediated by eicosanoids. For example, androgens increase the levels of cardiotoxic eicosanoids like 20-HETE, while estrogens increase the levels of cardioprotective EETs. Thus, sex differences in eicosanoid levels in the cardiovascular system could be an important underlying mechanism for the different effects of sex hormones and the differences in CVD between males and females. Understanding the role of eicosanoids in these differences can help improve the management of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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14
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Estrogenic hormones receptors in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7517-7526. [PMID: 34657250 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are hormones that play a critical role during development and growth for the adequate functioning of the reproductive system of women, as well as for maintaining bones, metabolism, and cognition. During menopause, the levels of estrogens are decreased, altering their signaling mediated by their intracellular receptors such as estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In the brain, the reduction of molecular pathways mediated by estrogenic receptors seems to favor the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in postmenopausal women. In this review, we investigate the participation of estrogen receptors in AD in women during aging.
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15
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Abancens M, Bustos V, Harvey H, McBryan J, Harvey BJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:607909. [PMID: 33363037 PMCID: PMC7759153 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females. Young women (18-44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of the same age or compared to older women (over 50 years), indicating a global incidence of sexual dimorphism in CRC rates and survival. This suggests a protective role for the sex steroid hormone estrogen in CRC development. Key proliferative pathways in CRC tumorigenesis exhibit sexual dimorphism, which confer better survival in females through estrogen regulated genes and cell signaling. Estrogen regulates the activity of a class of Kv channels (KCNQ1:KCNE3), which control fundamental ion transport functions of the colon and epithelial mesenchymal transition through bi-directional interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Estrogen also modulates CRC proliferative responses in hypoxia via the novel membrane estrogen receptor GPER and HIF1A and VEGF signaling. Here we critically review recent clinical and molecular insights into sexual dimorphism of CRC biology modulated by the tumor microenvironment, estrogen, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, ion channels, and X-linked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abancens
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Bustos
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Programa Fitogen, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Harry Harvey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian J. Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Centro de Estudios Cientificos CECs, Valdivia, Chile
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16
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Chimento A, De Luca A, Nocito MC, Avena P, La Padula D, Zavaglia L, Pezzi V. Role of GPER-Mediated Signaling in Testicular Functions and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092115. [PMID: 32957524 PMCID: PMC7563107 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen signaling plays important roles in testicular functions and tumorigenesis. Fifteen years ago, it was discovered that a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, GPR30, which binds also with high affinity to estradiol and is responsible, in part, for the rapid non-genomic actions of estrogens. GPR30, renamed as GPER, was detected in several tissues including germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids) and somatic cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells). In our previous review published in 2014, we summarized studies that evidenced a role of GPER signaling in mediating estrogen action during spermatogenesis and testis development. In addition, we evidenced that GPER seems to be involved in modulating estrogen-dependent testicular cancer cell growth; however, the effects on cell survival and proliferation depend on specific cell type. In this review, we update the knowledge obtained in the last years on GPER roles in regulating physiological functions of testicular cells and its involvement in neoplastic transformation of both germ and somatic cells. In particular, we will focus our attention on crosstalk among GPER signaling, classical estrogen receptors and other nuclear receptors involved in testis physiology regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-0984-493184 (A.C.); +39-0984-493148 (V.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-0984-493184 (A.C.); +39-0984-493148 (V.P.)
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17
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Estrogen Induces Selective Transcription of Caveolin1 Variants in Human Breast Cancer through Estrogen Responsive Element-Dependent Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175989. [PMID: 32825330 PMCID: PMC7503496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) signaling regulates numerous physiological processes mainly through activation of gene transcription (genomic pathways). Caveolin1 (CAV1) is a membrane-resident protein that behaves as platform to enable different signaling molecules and receptors for membrane-initiated pathways. CAV1 directly interacts with ERs and allows their localization on membrane with consequent activation of ER-non-genomic pathways. Loss of CAV1 function is a common feature of different types of cancers, including breast cancer. Two protein isoforms, CAV1α and CAV1β, derived from two alternative translation initiation sites, are commonly described for this gene. However, the exact transcriptional regulation underlying CAV1 expression pattern is poorly elucidated. In this study, we dissect the molecular mechanism involved in selective expression of CAV1β isoform, induced by estrogens and downregulated in breast cancer. Luciferase assays and Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrate that transcriptional activation is triggered by estrogen-responsive elements embedded in CAV1 intragenic regions and DNA-binding of estrogen-ER complexes. This regulatory control is dynamically established by local chromatin changes, as proved by the occurrence of histone H3 methylation/demethylation events and association of modifier proteins as well as modification of H3 acetylation status. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time, an estrogen-ERs-dependent regulatory circuit sustaining selective CAV1β expression.
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18
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Compensatory Estrogen Signal Is Capable of DNA Repair in Antiestrogen-Responsive Cancer Cells via Activating Mutations. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:5418365. [PMID: 32774370 PMCID: PMC7407016 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5418365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are embarrassed human cells exhibiting the remnants of same mechanisms for DNA stabilization like patients have in their healthy cells. Antiestrogens target the liganded activation of ERs, which is the principal means of genomic regulation in both patients and their tumors. The artificial blockade of liganded ER activation is an emergency situation promoting strong compensatory actions even in cancer cells. When tumor cells are capable of an appropriate upregulation of ER signaling resulting in DNA repair, a tumor response may be detected. In contrast, when ER signaling is completely inhibited, tumor cells show unrestrained proliferation, and tumor growth may be observed. The laboratory investigations of genomic mechanisms in antiestrogen-responsive and antiestrogen-unresponsive tumor cells have considerably enhanced our knowledge regarding the principal regulatory capacity of estrogen signaling. In antiestrogen-responsive tumor cells, a compensatory increased expression and liganded activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) result in an apoptotic death. Conversely, in antiestrogen resistant tumors exhibiting a complete blockade of liganded ER activation, a compensatory effort for unliganded ER activation is characteristic, conferred by the increased expression and activity of growth factor receptors. However, even extreme unliganded ER activation is incapable of DNA restoration when the liganded ER activation is completely blocked. Researchers mistakenly suspect even today that in tumors growing under antiestrogen treatment, the increased unliganded activation of estrogen receptor via activating mutations is an aggressive survival technique, whilst it is a compensatory effort against the blockade of liganded ER activation. The capacity of liganded ERs for genome modification in emergency states provides possibilities for estrogen/ER use in medical practice including cancer cure.
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19
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Estrogen Receptors and Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124349. [PMID: 32570961 PMCID: PMC7352873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is associated with dramatic increases in uterine blood flow to facilitate the bidirectional maternal–fetal exchanges of respiratory gases and to provide sole nutrient support for fetal growth and survival. The mechanism(s) underlying pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation remain incompletely understood, but this is associated with elevated estrogens, which stimulate specific estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent vasodilator production in the uterine artery (UA). The classical ERs (ERα and ERβ) and the plasma-bound G protein-coupled ER (GPR30/GPER) are expressed in UA endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, mediating the vasodilatory effects of estrogens through genomic and/or nongenomic pathways that are likely epigenetically modified. The activation of these three ERs by estrogens enhances the endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), which has been shown to play a key role in uterine vasodilation during pregnancy. However, the local blockade of NO biosynthesis only partially attenuates estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation, suggesting that mechanisms other than NO exist to mediate uterine vasodilation. In this review, we summarize the literature on the role of NO in ER-mediated mechanisms controlling estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation and our recent work on a “new” UA vasodilator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that has dramatically changed our view of how estrogens regulate uterine vasodilation in pregnancy.
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20
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Lechuga TJ, Qi QR, Kim T, Magness RR, Chen DB. E2β stimulates ovine uterine artery endothelial cell H2S production in vitro by estrogen receptor-dependent upregulation of cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase expression†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:514-522. [PMID: 30277497 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potent vasodilator and proangiogenic second messenger synthesized from L-cysteine by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH). Estrogens are potent vasodilators that stimulate H2S biosynthesis in uterine arteries (UA) in vivo; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that estrogens stimulate H2S biosynthesis in UA endothelial cells (UAEC) via specific estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent mechanisms. In cultured primary UAEC, treatment with estradiol-17β (E2β) stimulated CBS and CTH mRNAs and proteins in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. As little as 0.1 nM E2β was effective in increasing CBS and CTH expressions and these stimulatory effects maximized with 10-100 nM E2β at 48-72 h. E2β also activated CBS and CTH promoters in UAEC, leading to CBS and CTH expression. Treatment with E2β stimulated H2S production, which was blocked by specific inhibitors of either CBS or CTH and their combination and the ER antagonist ICI 182780. Treatment with either specific agonist of ERα or ERβ stimulated both CBS and CTH mRNA and protein expressions and H2S production to levels similar to that of E2β. Specific antagonist of either ERα or ERβ blocked E2β-stimulated CBS and CTH mRNA and protein expressions and H2S production. Combinations of either ERα or ERβ agonists or their antagonists had no additive effects. Thus, E2β stimulates H2S production by upregulating CBS and CTH mRNA and protein expressions through specific ERα or ERβ-dependent CBS and CTH transcription in UAEC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Lechuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Qian-Rong Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Theresa Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Vascular Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dong-Bao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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21
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Estradiol/GPER affects the integrity of mammary duct-like structures in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1386. [PMID: 31992771 PMCID: PMC6987193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High estrogen concentration leads to an inflammatory reaction in the mammary gland tissue in vivo; however, the detailed mechanism underlying its specific effects on the breast duct has not been fully clarified. We used 3D-cultured MCF-10A acini as a breast duct model and demonstrated various deleterious effects of 17-β estradiol (E2), including the destruction of the basement membrane surrounding the acini, abnormal adhesion between cells, and cell death via apoptosis and pyroptosis. Moreover, we clarified the mechanism underlying these phenomena: E2 binds to GPER in MCF-10A cells and stimulates matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion via JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. IL-1β activates the IL-1R1 signaling pathway and induces continuous MMP-3 and IL-1β secretion. Collectively, our novel findings reveal an important molecular mechanism underlying the effects of E2 on the integrity of duct-like structures in vitro. Thus, E2 may act as a trigger for ductal carcinoma transition in situ.
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22
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Pagano MT, Ortona E, Dupuis ML. A Role for Estrogen Receptor alpha36 in Cancer Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:506. [PMID: 32849292 PMCID: PMC7411082 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) functions as a ligand dependent transcription factor that directly binds specific estrogen responsive elements, thus regulating the transcription of estrogen sensitive genes. ERα has also been shown to be associated with the plasma membrane (membrane associated ERα, mERα), concentrated in lipid rafts, plasma membrane microdomains with a distinct lipid composition, where it transduces membrane-initiated estrogen-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. Two isoforms of ERα have been described: the "traditional" ERα66 (66 kDa) and a lower molecular weight variant: the ERα46 (46 kDa). More recently, a novel ERα variant with a molecular mass of 36 kDa (ERα36) has been discovered. Notably, ERα36 has been found expressed in different human tumor cells, including both ER- positive and ER- negative breast cancer cells. Estrogen signaling at the cell membrane via ERα36 appears as capable of activating multiple pathways of importance for cancer aggressiveness and metastatic potential. The presence of serum autoantibodies reacting with mERα (anti-ERα Abs) in a large percentage of patients with breast cancer has recently been reported by our group. These anti-ERα Abs seem to act as estrogen agonists rapidly triggering MAP kinase pathway activation thus inducing tumor cell proliferation and overcoming cell resistance to anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen. In this review, we describe the involvement of ERα36 in different tumors. We also report the potential pathogenetic activity of anti-ERα Abs and their implication in drug resistance.
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23
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El-Gendy AA, Elsaed WM, Abdallah HI. Potential role of estradiol in ovariectomy-induced derangement of renal endocrine functions. Ren Fail 2019; 41:507-520. [PMID: 31216906 PMCID: PMC6586115 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1625787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is an important physiological event associated with structural and functional changes in the kidneys. An animal model of bilateral ovariectomy was used to study the effects of estrogen depletion, replacement and antiestrogen on renal structure and endocrine function. Sixty female rats were divided into six groups; group I was the control group, the remaining five groups underwent ovariectomy: group II received no treatment. The other groups received estradiol in group III, tamoxifen in group IV, estradiol followed by tamoxifen in group V and tamoxifen followed by estradiol in group VI. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and endocrine functions of kidney were measured. Tissue samples were examined both microscopically for beta estrogen receptors and ultrastructurally for cell changes. Groups II, IV & VI showed a significant increase in creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, renal malondialdehyde, renal erythropoietin, plasma renin and plasma prostaglandin E2 and a significant decrease in renal antioxidants and serum vitamin D3. Groups III &V had a significant decrease in creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, renal malondialdehyde and renal erythropoietin with an increase in renal antioxidants, plasma prostaglandin E2 and serum vitamin D3. Histopathological and ultrastructural examinations revealed atrophic tubular changes in group II. The changes were less marked in groups III &V and more extensive in groups IV & VI. Estrogen receptor beta staining showed progressively increased expression in the absence of estrogen. Structural and most endocrine functions of the kidney were significantly affected by estradiol deficiency. Estradiol replacement exhibited a protective effect on renal tissue and endocrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Gendy
- a Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Taibah University , Madinah , Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Wael M Elsaed
- c Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Taibah University , Madinah , Saudi Arabia.,d Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Hesham I Abdallah
- c Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Taibah University , Madinah , Saudi Arabia.,e Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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24
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Maselli A, Parlato S, Puglisi R, Raggi C, Spada M, Macchia D, Pontecorvi G, Iessi E, Pagano MT, Cirulli F, Gabriele L, Carè A, Vici P, Pizzuti L, Barba M, Matarrese P, Pierdominici M, Ortona E. Autoantibodies Specific to ERα are Involved in Tamoxifen Resistance in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070750. [PMID: 31331091 PMCID: PMC6678306 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance is a major hurdle in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. The mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance are not fully understood although several underlying molecular events have been suggested. Recently, we identified autoantibodies reacting with membrane-associated ERα (anti-ERα Abs) in sera of breast cancer patients, able to promote tumor growth. Here, we investigated whether anti-ERα Abs purified from sera of ER-positive breast cancer patients could contribute to tamoxifen resistance. Anti-ERα Abs inhibited tamoxifen-mediated effects on cell cycle and proliferation in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, anti-ERα Abs hampered the tamoxifen-mediated reduction of tumor growth in SCID mice xenografted with breast tumor. Notably, simvastatin-mediated disaggregation of lipid rafts, where membrane-associated ERα is embedded, restored tamoxifen sensitivity, preventing anti-ERα Abs effects. In conclusion, detection of serum anti-ERα Abs may help predict tamoxifen resistance and concur to appropriately inform therapeutic decisions concerning hormone therapy in ER-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maselli
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Parlato
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Raggi
- National Centre for the Control and the Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Pontecorvi
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Iessi
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pagano
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Pierdominici
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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25
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Zhong W, Shi X, Yuan H, Bu H, Wu L, Wang R. Effects of Exercise Training on the Autophagy-Related Muscular Proteins Expression in Ovariectomized Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:735. [PMID: 31263428 PMCID: PMC6585433 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovariectomy disrupts estrogen production and homeostasis. However, whether exercise training (ET) could counteract the ovariectomy-induced effect on muscular autophagy has remained elusive. This study examined muscular autophagy in ovariectomized (OVX) rats following 8 weeks of swimming ET. Here, 40 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operated control (Sham), OVX control (OVX), OVX with 60-min ET (OVX-60ET), 90-min ET (OVX-90ET), and 120-min ET (OVX-120ET) for 6 days/week. According to the results of Western blotting, the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins in the OVX gastrocnemius muscle, including mammalian target of rapamycin, uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1, Beclin-1, autophagy-related gene (Atg-7), and microtubule-associated protein light chains 3 were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05), while there was an elevation on the p62 level. ET appreciably mitigated the OVX-induced negative effects on muscle quality and the autophagy pathway, which seemed to be dependent on ET volume. The most optimal outcomes were observed in the OVX-90ET group. The OVX-120 group had an adversely augmented catabolic process associated with gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the expression levels of autophagy proteins are decreased in OVX rats, which can be appreciably mitigated following 8 weeks of swimming ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zhong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Shi
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Honghua Yuan
- Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huimin Bu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lianlian Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renwei Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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26
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Shukla V, Kaushal JB, Sankhwar P, Manohar M, Dwivedi A. Inhibition of TPPP3 attenuates β-catenin/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling in endometrial stromal cells and impairs decidualization. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:417-429. [PMID: 30667362 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation and decidualization are critical events that occur during early pregnancy. Decidualization is synchronized by the crosstalk of progesterone and the cAMP signaling pathway. Previously, we confirmed the role of TPPP3 during embryo implantation in mice, but the underlying role and mechanism of TPPP3 in decidualization has not yet been understood. The current study was aimed to investigate the role of TPPP3 in decidualization in vivo and in vitro. For in vivo experiments, decidual reaction was artificially induced in the uteri of BALB/c mice. TPPP3 was found to be highly expressed during decidualization, whereas in the uteri receiving TPPP3 siRNA, decidualization was suppressed and the expression of β-catenin and decidual marker prolactin was reduced. In human endometrium, TPPP3 protein was found to be predominantly expressed in the mid-secretory phase (LH+7). In the primary culture of human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs), TPPP3 siRNA knockdown inhibited stromal-to-decidual cell transition and decreased the expression of the decidualization markers prolactin and IGFBP-1. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting experiments revealed that TPPP3 siRNA knockdown suppressed the expression of β-catenin, NF-κB and COX-2 in hESCs during decidualization. TPPP3 inhibition also decreased NF-kB nuclear accumulation in hESCs and suppressed NF-κB transcriptional promoter activity. COX-2 expression was significantly decreased in the presence of a selective NF-kB inhibitor (QNZ) implicating that NF-kB is involved in COX-2 expression in hESCs undergoing decidualization. TUNEL assay and FACS analysis revealed that TPPP3 knockdown induced apoptosis and caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in hESCs. The study suggested that TPPP3 plays a significant role in decidualization and its inhibition leads to the suppression of β-catenin/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling along with the induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Pushplata Sankhwar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Murli Manohar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow, India
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27
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Sosa LDV, Petiti JP, Picech F, Chumpen S, Nicola JP, Perez P, De Paul A, Valdez-Taubas J, Gutierrez S, Torres AI. The ERα membrane pool modulates the proliferation of pituitary tumours. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:229-241. [PMID: 30400032 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the ERα nuclear/cytoplasmic pool that modulates pituitary cell proliferation have been widely described, but it is still not clear how ERα is targeted to the plasma membrane. The aim of this study was to analyse ERα palmitoylation and the plasma membrane ERα (mERα) pool, and their participation in E2-triggered membrane-initiated signalling in normal and pituitary tumour cell growth. Cell cultures were prepared from anterior pituitaries of female Wistar rats and tumour GH3 cells, and treated with 10 nM of oestradiol (E2). The basal expression of ERα was higher in tumour GH3 than in normal pituitary cells. Full-length palmitoylated ERα was observed in normal and pituitary tumour cells, demonstrating that E2 stimulation increased both, ERα in plasma membrane and ERα and caveolin-1 interaction after short-term treatment. In addition, the Dhhc7 and Dhhc21 palmitoylases were negatively regulated after sustained stimulation of E2 for 3 h. Although the uptake of BrdU into the nucleus in normal pituitary cells was not modified by E2, a significant increase in the GH3 tumoural cell, as well as ERK1/2 activation, with this effect being mimicked by PPT, a selective antagonist of ERα. These proliferative effects were blocked by ICI 182780 and the global inhibitor of palmitoylation. These findings indicate that ERα palmitoylation modulated the mERα pool and consequently the ERK1/2 pathway, thereby contributing to pituitary tumour cell proliferation. These results suggest that the plasma membrane ERα pool might be related to the proliferative behaviour of prolactinoma and may be a marker of pituitary tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Del V Sosa
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan P Petiti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia Picech
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Chumpen
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Juan P Nicola
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIBICI-CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Perez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana De Paul
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier Valdez-Taubas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutierrez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia I Torres
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Córdoba, Argentina
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28
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Ofosu WA, Mohamed D, Corcoran O, Ojo OO. The Role of Oestrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) in the Aetiology and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:100-104. [PMID: 29357808 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666180119141836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Challenges facing the treatment of type 2 diabetes necessitate the search for agents which act via alternative pathways to provide better therapeutic outcomes. Recently, an increasing body of evidence implicates the activation of oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) in the development and treatment of underlying conditions in type 2 diabetes. This article summarizes available evidence for the involvement of oestrogen receptors in insulin secretion, insulin resistance as well as glucose uptake and highlights the potential of ERβ as a therapeutic target. BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate an association between the activation of each of the isoforms of ER and recent findings indicate that ERβ shows promise as a potential target for antidiabetic drugs. In vitro and in vivo studies in receptor knockout mice indicate beneficial actions of selective agonists of ERβ receptor and underscore its therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION Studies are needed to further elucidate the exact mechanism underlying the role of ERβ activation as a therapeutic approach in the management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Amy Ofosu
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, College of Health and Communities, University of East London, Stratford, E15 4LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dahir Mohamed
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, College of Health and Communities, University of East London, Stratford, E15 4LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Corcoran
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, College of Health and Communities, University of East London, Stratford, E15 4LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Opeolu Oyejide Ojo
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, College of Health and Communities, University of East London, Stratford, E15 4LZ, United Kingdom
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
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29
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Sampayo RG, Toscani AM, Rubashkin MG, Thi K, Masullo LA, Violi IL, Lakins JN, Cáceres A, Hines WC, Coluccio Leskow F, Stefani FD, Chialvo DR, Bissell MJ, Weaver VM, Simian M. Fibronectin rescues estrogen receptor α from lysosomal degradation in breast cancer cells. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2777-2798. [PMID: 29980625 PMCID: PMC6080927 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201703037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is expressed in tissues as diverse as brains and mammary glands. In breast cancer, ERα is a key regulator of tumor progression. Therefore, understanding what activates ERα is critical for cancer treatment in particular and cell biology in general. Using biochemical approaches and superresolution microscopy, we show that estrogen drives membrane ERα into endosomes in breast cancer cells and that its fate is determined by the presence of fibronectin (FN) in the extracellular matrix; it is trafficked to lysosomes in the absence of FN and avoids the lysosomal compartment in its presence. In this context, FN prolongs ERα half-life and strengthens its transcriptional activity. We show that ERα is associated with β1-integrin at the membrane, and this integrin follows the same endocytosis and subcellular trafficking pathway triggered by estrogen. Moreover, ERα+ vesicles are present within human breast tissues, and colocalization with β1-integrin is detected primarily in tumors. Our work unravels a key, clinically relevant mechanism of microenvironmental regulation of ERα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío G Sampayo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina .,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Campus Miguelete, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Toscani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET y Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthew G Rubashkin
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kate Thi
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Luciano A Masullo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ianina L Violi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathon N Lakins
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alfredo Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - William C Hines
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Federico Coluccio Leskow
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET y Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando D Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dante R Chialvo
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marina Simian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina .,Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Campus Miguelete, San Martín, Argentina
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30
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Harada K, Sada S, Sakaguchi H, Takizawa M, Ishida R, Tsuboi T. Bacterial metabolite S-equol modulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from enteroendocrine L cell line GLUTag cells via actin polymerization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:1009-1015. [PMID: 29777703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
S-equol is one of gut bacterial metabolites produced from soybean isoflavone daizein. While S-equol is known to promote glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, whether S-equol affects glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion from enteroendoceine L cells remains unclear. Here we assessed the effect of S-equol on GLP-1 secretion from mouse enteroendocrine L cell line GLUTag cells. GLUTag cells expressed GPR30 and estrogen receptors, which are putative S-equol receptors. Application of S-equol induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels via GPR30. However, S-equol did not enhance GLP-1 exocytosis, and long-term treatment of S-equol suppressed GLP-1 secretion. Moreover, immunocytochemistry revealed that S-equol increased the density of cortical actin filaments via G12/13 signaling under GPR30. These data suggest that S-equol prevents GLP-1 secretion as a result of competing regulation between Ca2+ mobilization and actin reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Harada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shoko Sada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sakaguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mai Takizawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Rika Ishida
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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31
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Ho MX, Poon CCW, Wong KC, Qiu ZC, Wong MS. Icariin, but Not Genistein, Exerts Osteogenic and Anti-apoptotic Effects in Osteoblastic Cells by Selective Activation of Non-genomic ERα Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:474. [PMID: 29867480 PMCID: PMC5958194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein and icariin are flavonoid compounds that exhibit estrogen-like properties in inducing bone formation and reducing bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, the mechanisms that are involved in mediating their estrogenic actions in bone cells are far from clear. The present study aimed to study the signaling pathways that mediate the estrogenic actions of genistein and icariin in osteoblastic cells. The effects of genistein and icariin on the activation of estrogen receptor (ER) and the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and rat osteoblastic UMR-106 cells were studied. As expected, genistein displayed higher binding affinity toward ERβ than ERα and significantly induced estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent transcription in UMR-106 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, icariin failed to bind to ERα or ERβ and did not induce ERE-dependent transcription in UMR-106 cells at 10-10 to 10-7 M. The effects of genistein (10 nM) and icariin (0.1 μM) on cell proliferation and differentiation in osteoblastic UMR-106 cells were abolished in the presence of ER antagonist ICI 182,780 (1 μM), MAPK inhibitor U0126 (10 μM), and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (10 μM). Genistein at 10 nM rapidly induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation at 5–10 min in UMR-106 cells and the phosphorylation of ERα at both Ser118 and Ser167 in both MC3T3-E1 and transfected UMR-106 cells whereas icariin at 0.1 μM rapidly activated both ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in UMR-106 cells and subsequent ERα phosphorylation at both Ser118 and Ser167 in MC3T3-E1 and transfected UMR-106 cells. Confocal imaging studies confirmed that the phosphorylation of ERα at Ser 118 and Ser 167 by genistein and icariin in MC3T3-E1 cells was mediated via MAPK- and PI3K-dependent pathway, respectively. Furthermore, our studies showed that icariin exerted stronger anti-apoptotic effects than genistein and 17β-estradiol (E2) and inhibited the cleavage of downstream caspase-3 in MC3T3-E1 cells induced by a potent PI3K inhibitor, PI828 (at 2 μM). These results indicated that the mechanisms that mediate the estrogenic actions of icariin in osteoblastic cells are different from those of genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xian Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Christina C-W Poon
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Chun Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zuo-Cheng Qiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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32
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Levin ER. Membrane estrogen receptors signal to determine transcription factor function. Steroids 2018; 132:1-4. [PMID: 29155215 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta as well as many other steroid receptors are found both within the nucleus and outside the nucleus. This includes extra-nuclear receptors in many organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolic endosomes, and membrane lipid rafts, such as caveolae. The functions of these receptors in the various extra-nuclear cell organelles are not well described, but progress for understanding steroid receptor signaling from the membrane has advanced. In this Review I will discuss the enlarging role of membrane ER signaling to the expression, cell localization, and function of transcription factors that are essential to mediate cell physiology or pathophysiology in many organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717, USA; Tibor Rubin VAMC, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717, USA.
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33
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Abstract
Membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS) is a recently discovered aspect of steroidal control over cell function that has proved highly challenging to study due to its rapidity and ultrasensitivity to the steroid trigger [Chow RWY, Handelsman DJ, Ng MKC (2010) Endocrinology 151:2411-2422]. Fundamental aspects underlying MISS, such as receptor binding, kinetics of ion-channel opening, and production of downstream effector molecules remain obscure because a pristine molecular technology that could trigger the release of signaling steroids was not available. We have recently described a prototype DNA nanocapsule which can be programmed to release small molecules upon photoirradiation [Veetil AT, et al. (2017) Nat Nanotechnol 12:1183-1189]. Here we show that this DNA-based molecular technology can now be programmed to chemically trigger MISS, significantly expanding its applicability to systems that are refractory to photoirradiation.
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34
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Castilla R, Asuaje A, Rivière S, Romero CG, Martín P, Cao G, Kleiman de Pisarev D, Milesi V, Alvarez L. Environmental pollutant hexachlorobenzene induces hypertension in a rat model. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:576-584. [PMID: 29277037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a dioxin-like environmental pollutant, widely distributed in the environment. New research links exposure to high levels of persistent organic environmental toxicants to cardiovascular disease, however little is known about the effect of HCB on vascular function and on blood pressure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate biochemical and cardiovascular changes resulting from subchronic HCB exposure. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or HCB (5 or 500 mg/kg b.w) for 45 days. Systolic blood pressure (BP), recorded by tail cuff plethysmography, was significantly increased at 35, 40 and 45 days of 500 mg/kg HCB-treatment. HCB (500 mg/kg) increased arterial thickness, while both 5 and 500 mg/kg HCB decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein levels and cellular nuclei in abdominal aortas indicating a hypertrophic process. Also, aortas from both groups of HCB-treated rats presented higher sensitivity to noradrenalin (NA) and a significant decrease in maximum contractile response. Arteries from 500 mg/kg HCB-treated rats showed a significant increase in the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA and angiotensin II type1 receptor (AT1), and a significant decrease in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), endothelial nitric oxidide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and deiodinase II (DII) mRNA levels. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time that subchronic HCB administration significantly increases BP and alters associated cardiovascular parameters in rats. In addition, HCB alters the expression of key vascular tissue molecules involved in BP regulation, such as TGF-β1, AT1, ERα, eNOS and DII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Castilla
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), C1122AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agustín Asuaje
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Stéphanie Rivière
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), C1122AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Caimi Giselle Romero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pedro Martín
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriel Cao
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), C1122AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diana Kleiman de Pisarev
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Verónica Milesi
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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35
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Boese AC, Chang L, Yin KJ, Chen YE, Lee JP, Hamblin MH. Sex differences in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1137-H1152. [PMID: 29350999 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00519.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disorder with a high case fatality rate in the instance of rupture. AAA is a multifactorial disease, and the etiology is still not fully understood. AAA is more likely to occur in men, but women have a greater risk of rupture and worse prognosis. Women are reportedly protected against AAA possibly by premenopausal levels of estrogen and are, on average, diagnosed at older ages than men. Here, we review the present body of research on AAA pathophysiology in humans, animal models, and cultured cells, with an emphasis on sex differences and sex steroid hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lin Chang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
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36
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Cepeda SB, Sandoval MJ, Rauschemberger MB, Massheimer VL. Beneficial role of the phytoestrogen genistein on vascular calcification. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 50:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Maeng LY, Cover KK, Taha MB, Landau AJ, Milad MR, Lebrón-Milad K. Estradiol shifts interactions between the infralimbic cortex and central amygdala to enhance fear extinction memory in female rats. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:163-175. [PMID: 27870439 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that estradiol (E2) enhances fear extinction memory consolidation. However, it is unclear how E2 influences the nodes of the fear extinction network to enhance extinction memory. This study begins to delineate the neural circuits underlying the influence of E2 on fear extinction acquisition and consolidation in female rats. After fear conditioning (day 1), naturally cycling female rats underwent extinction learning (day 2) in a low-E2 state, receiving a systemic administration of either E2 or vehicle prior to extinction training. Extinction memory recall was then tested 24 hr later (day 3). We measured immediate early gene c-fos expression within the extinction network during fear extinction learning and extinction recall. During extinction learning, E2 treatment increased centrolateral amygdala c-fos activity and reduced lateral amygdala activity relative to vehicle. During extinction recall, E2-treated rats exhibited reduced c-fos expression in the centromedial amygdala. There were no group differences in c-fos expression within the medial prefrontal cortex or dorsal hippocampus. Examining c-fos ratios with the infralimbic cortex (IL) revealed that, despite the lack of group differences within the IL, E2 treatment induced greater IL activity relative to both prelimbic cortex and central amygdala (CeA) activity during extinction memory recall. Only the relationship between IL and CeA activity positively correlated with extinction retention. In conclusion, E2 appears to modify interactions between the IL and the CeA in females, shifting from stronger amygdalar modulation of fear during extinction learning to stronger IL control during extinction recall. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y Maeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kara K Cover
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Mohamad B Taha
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron J Landau
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelimer Lebrón-Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Phytochemicals Targeting Estrogen Receptors: Beneficial Rather Than Adverse Effects? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071381. [PMID: 28657580 PMCID: PMC5535874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the effects of estrogen are mainly mediated by two different estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. These proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family, characterized by distinct structural and functional domains, and participate in the regulation of different biological processes, including cell growth, survival and differentiation. The two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes are generated from two distinct genes and have partially distinct expression patterns. Their activities are modulated differently by a range of natural and synthetic ligands. Some of these ligands show agonistic or antagonistic effects depending on ER subtype and are described as selective ER modulators (SERMs). Accordingly, a few phytochemicals, called phytoestrogens, which are synthesized from plants and vegetables, show low estrogenic activity or anti-estrogenic activity with potentially anti-proliferative effects that offer nutraceutical or pharmacological advantages. These compounds may be used as hormonal substitutes or as complements in breast cancer treatments. In this review, we discuss and summarize the in vitro and in vivo effects of certain phytoestrogens and their potential roles in the interaction with estrogen receptors.
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Boese AC, Kim SC, Yin KJ, Lee JP, Hamblin MH. Sex differences in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: estrogen and androgen signaling in health and disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28626075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are physiologically similar, and this notion has resulted in women being clinically evaluated and treated for cardiovascular pathophysiological complications as men. Currently, there is increased recognition of fundamental sex differences in cardiovascular function, anatomy, cell signaling, and pathophysiology. The National Institutes of Health have enacted guidelines expressly to gain knowledge about ways the sexes differ in both normal function and diseases at the various research levels (molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ system). Greater understanding of these sex differences will be used to steer future directions in the biomedical sciences and translational and clinical research. This review describes sex-based differences in the physiology and pathophysiology of the vasculature, with a special emphasis on sex steroid receptor (estrogen and androgen receptor) signaling and their potential impact on vascular function in health and diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysms, cerebral aneurysms, and stroke).
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Seong C Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;
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40
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Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2017; 34:121-132. [PMID: 28341599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70% cases of breast cancers exhibit high expression and activity levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a transcription regulator that induces the expression of genes associated with cellular proliferation and survival. These nuclear functions of the receptor are associated with the development of breast cancer. However, ERα localization is not static, but rather, dynamic with continuous shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Interestingly, both the nuclear import and export of ERα are modulated by several stimuli that include estradiol, antiestrogens, and growth factors. As ERα nuclear accumulation is critical to the regulation of gene expression, nuclear export of this receptor modulates the intensity and duration of its transcriptional activity. Thus, the subcellular spatial distribution of ERα ensures tight modulation of its concentration in cellular compartments, as well as of its nuclear and extranuclear functions. In this review, we will discuss current findings regarding the biological importance of molecular mechanisms of, and proteins responsible for, the nuclear import and export of ERα in breast cancer cells.
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41
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Kumar R, Yadav A, Pakrasi PL. Expression of ER-α and ER-β during peri-implantation period in uterus is essential for implantation and decidualization in golden hamster. Life Sci 2016; 170:115-122. [PMID: 27939940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The role of estrogen in embryo implantation in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is still ambiguous. In order to clarify it, we investigated the spatial distribution and expression of estrogen receptors, ER-α and ER-β in the uterus of pregnant hamster during peri-implantation period and identified the effect of estrogen receptor antagonist ICI-182,780 on the embryo implantation. MAIN METHODS We performed in vivo experiments on early pregnant hamsters involving treatment with ICI-182,780, an estrogen receptor antagonist. Immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and quantitative PCR were employed to evaluate the spatio-temporal distribution and expression of ER-α and ER-β in the uterus of normal early pregnant and treated hamsters. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that embryo implantation was completely absent in ICI-182,780 treated uterine horn while, normal implantation occurred in control and vehicle treated horns. Both the receptors were differentially expressed in the uterus of hamster from day 1 (D1) to day7 (D7). In contrast, treated horns without any implantation site showed no trace of any receptors. Protein and mRNA expression of both the receptors were high around the day of implantation while, ER-β expression was up-regulated on D7 of embryo implantation. P value˂0.05 is considered significant. SIGNIFICANCE Spatio-temporal expression of ERs in the uterus during peri-implantation period have crucial role for endometrium receptivity and implantation in hamster. Recurrent implantation failure is the devastating problem among the desirable couple and is mainly due to defect in endometrium receptivity. This study may provide a new insight to manage the problem of idiopathic infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhir Kumar
- Embryo Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Akhilesh Yadav
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi, India.
| | - P L Pakrasi
- Embryo Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Santos RL, Lima JT, Rouver WN, Moysés MR. Deficiency of sex hormones does not affect 17-ß-estradiol-induced coronary vasodilation in the isolated rat heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5058. [PMID: 27074167 PMCID: PMC4833220 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The relaxation of coronary arteries by estrogens in the coronary vascular beds of
naive and hypertensive rats has been well described. However, little is known about
this action in gonadectomized rats. We investigated the effect of 17-ß-estradiol (E2)
in coronary arteries from gonadectomized rats, as well as the contributions of
endothelium-derived factors and potassium channels. Eight-week-old female and male
Wistar rats weighing 220-300 g were divided into sham-operated and gonadectomized
groups (n=9−12 animals per group). The baseline coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was
determined, and the vasoactive effects of 10 μM E2 were assessed by bolus
administration before and after endothelium denudation or by perfusion with
NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indomethacin, clotrimazole,
L-NAME plus indomethacin, L-NAME plus clotrimazole or tetraethylammonium (TEA). The
CPP differed significantly between the female and sham-operated male animals.
Gonadectomy reduced the CPP only in female rats. Differences in E2-induced relaxation
were observed between the female and male animals, but male castration did not alter
this response. For both sexes, the relaxation response to E2 was, at least partly,
endothelium-dependent. The response to E2 was reduced only in the sham-operated
female rats treated with L-NAME. However, in the presence of indomethacin,
clotrimazole, L-NAME plus indomethacin or L-NAME plus clotrimazole, or TEA, the E2
response was significantly reduced in all groups. These results highlight the
importance of prostacyclin, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and potassium
channels in the relaxation response of coronary arteries to E2 in all groups, whereas
nitric oxide may have had an important role only in the sham-operated female
group.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - J T Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - W N Rouver
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - M R Moysés
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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43
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Totta P, Busonero C, Leone S, Marino M, Acconcia F. Dynamin II is required for 17β-estradiol signaling and autophagy-based ERα degradation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23727. [PMID: 27009360 PMCID: PMC4806323 DOI: 10.1038/srep23727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) regulates diverse physiological effects, including cell proliferation, by binding to estrogen receptor α (ERα). ERα is both a transcription factor that drives E2-sensitive gene expression and an extra-nuclear localized receptor that triggers the activation of diverse kinase cascades. While E2 triggers cell proliferation, it also induces ERα degradation in a typical hormone-dependent feedback loop. Although ERα breakdown proceeds through the 26S proteasome, a role for lysosomes and for some endocytic proteins in controlling ERα degradation has been reported. Here, we studied the role of the endocytic protein dynamin II in E2-dependent ERα signaling and degradation. The results indicate that dynamin II siRNA-mediated knock-down partially prevents E2-induced ERα degradation through the inhibition of an autophagy-based pathway and impairs E2-induced cell proliferation signaling. Altogether, these data demonstrate that dynamin II is required for the E2:ERα signaling of physiological functions and uncovers a role for autophagy in the control of ERα turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangela Totta
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Busonero
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Acconcia
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
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44
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Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of oestrogen receptor β improves survival and cardiac function after myocardial infarction in female and male mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:365-76. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20150609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The study provides new insights into cardiomyocyte-specific effects of ERβ in the setting of chronic MI using a transgenic mouse model. ERβ-overexpressing mice of both sexes showed improved survival, less maladaptive LV remodelling, better cardiac function and less heart failure development.
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45
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Maselli A, Pierdominici M, Vitale C, Ortona E. Membrane lipid rafts and estrogenic signalling: a functional role in the modulation of cell homeostasis. Apoptosis 2015; 20:671-8. [PMID: 25637184 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has become widely accepted that along with their ability to directly regulate gene expression, estrogens also influence cell signalling and cell function via rapid membrane-initiated events. Many of these signalling processes are dependent on estrogen receptors (ER) localized to the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms by which ER are able to trigger cell signalling when targeted to the membrane surface have to be determined yet. Lipid rafts seem to be essential for the plasma membrane localization of ER and play a critical role in their membrane-initiated effects. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the localization and function of ER in different cell types and mostly discuss the possible role of lipid rafts in this context. Further studies in this field may disclose new promising therapeutic avenues by the disruption of lipid rafts in those diseases in which membrane ER activation has been demonstrated to play a pathogenetic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maselli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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46
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Popli P, Sirohi VK, Manohar M, Shukla V, Kaushal JB, Gupta K, Dwivedi A. Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in rat oviductal epithelial cells: Evidence for involvement of GPR30/Src kinase-mediated EGFR signaling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:130-41. [PMID: 26241029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The oviduct plays a crucial role in female reproduction by regulating gamete transport, providing a specific microenvironment for fertilization and early embryonic development. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins play essential role in carrying out these oviduct-specific functions. Estrogen upregulates COX-2 expression in rat oviduct; however, the mechanisms responsible for regulation of COX-2 expression in rat oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) remain unclear. In the present study, we proposed that estrogen induces COX-2 expression via G-protein coupled receptor i.e., GPR30 in OECs. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the effects of E2-BSA, ICI 182,780, GPR30 agonist and GPR30 antagonist on COX-2 expression and explored potential signaling pathway leading to COX-2 expression. Co-localization experiments revealed GPR30 to be primarily located in the peri-nuclear space, which was also the site of E2-BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (E2-BSA-FITC) binding. The E2-BSA induced-COX-2 and prostaglandin release were subjected to regulation by both EGFR and PI3K signaling as inhibitors of c-Src kinase (PP2), EGFR (EGFR inhibitor) and PI-3 kinase (LY294002) attenuated E2-BSA mediated effect. These results suggest that EGFR transactivation leading to activation of PI-3K/Akt pathway participates in COX-2 expression in rat OECs. Interestingly, E2-BSA induced COX-2 expression and subsequent prostaglandin release were abolished by NF-κB inhibitor. In addition, E2-BSA induced the nuclear translocation of p65-NF-κB and up-regulated the NF-κB promoter activity in rat OECs. Taken together, results demonstrated that E2-BSA induced the COX-2 expression and consequent PGE2 and PGF2α release in rat OECs. These effects are mediated through GPR30-derived EGFR transactivation and PI-3K/Akt cascade leading to NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Popli
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Sirohi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Murli Manohar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Vinay Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Kanchan Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
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Totta P, Gionfra F, Busonero C, Acconcia F. Modulation of 17β-Estradiol Signaling on Cellular Proliferation by Caveolin-2. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1219-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierangela Totta
- Department of Sciences; Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology; University Roma Tre; Viale Guglielmo Marconi; Rome Italy
| | - Fabio Gionfra
- Department of Sciences; Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology; University Roma Tre; Viale Guglielmo Marconi; Rome Italy
| | - Claudia Busonero
- Department of Sciences; Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology; University Roma Tre; Viale Guglielmo Marconi; Rome Italy
| | - Filippo Acconcia
- Department of Sciences; Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology; University Roma Tre; Viale Guglielmo Marconi; Rome Italy
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48
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Sołtysik K, Czekaj P. ERα36--Another piece of the estrogen puzzle. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:611-25. [PMID: 26522827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the nuclear action of estrogen receptors (ER) is a well-known fact, evidence supporting membrane estrogen receptors is steadily accumulating. New ER variants of unrecognized function have been discovered. ERα is a product of the ESR1 gene. It serves not only as a template for the full-length 66kDa protein, but also for smaller isoforms which exist as independent receptors. The recently discovered ERα36 (36kDa), consisting of 310 amino acids of total 595 ERα66 protein residues, is an example of that group. The transcription initiation site is identified in the first intron of the ESR1 gene. C-Terminal 27 amino acids are encoded by previously unknown exon 9. The presence of this unique C-terminal sequence creates an opportunity for the production of selective antibodies. ERα36 has been shown to have a high affinity to the cell membrane and as much as 90% of the protein can be bound with it. Post-translational palmitoylation is suspected to play a crucial role in ERα36 anchoring to the cell membrane. In silico analysis suggests the existence of a potential transmembrane domain in ERα36. ERα36 was found in most cells of animals at various ages, but its exact physiological function remains to be fully elucidated. It seems that cells traditionally considered as being deprived of ER are able to respond to hormonal stimulation via the ERα36 receptor. Moreover, ERα36 displays unique pharmacological properties and its action may be behind antiestrogen resistance. The use of ERα36 in cancer diagnosis gives rise to great expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Sołtysik
- Students Scientific Society, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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49
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Gogos A, Sbisa AM, Sun J, Gibbons A, Udawela M, Dean B. A Role for Estrogen in Schizophrenia: Clinical and Preclinical Findings. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:615356. [PMID: 26491441 PMCID: PMC4600562 DOI: 10.1155/2015/615356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in schizophrenia have been extensively researched and it is being increasingly accepted that gonadal steroids are strongly attributed to this phenomenon. Of the various hormones implicated, the estrogen hypothesis has been the most widely researched one and it postulates that estrogen exerts a protective effect by buffering females against the development and severity of the illness. In this review, we comprehensively analyse studies that have investigated the effects of estrogen, in particular 17β-estradiol, in clinical, animal, and molecular research with relevance to schizophrenia. Specifically, we discuss the current evidence on estrogen dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and review the clinical findings on the use of estradiol as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia patients. Preclinical research that has used animal models and molecular probes to investigate estradiol's underlying protective mechanisms is also substantially discussed, with particular focus on estradiol's impact on the major neurotransmitter systems implicated in schizophrenia, namely, the dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alyssa M. Sbisa
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jeehae Sun
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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50
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Almey A, Milner TA, Brake WG. Estrogen receptors in the central nervous system and their implication for dopamine-dependent cognition in females. Horm Behav 2015; 74:125-38. [PMID: 26122294 PMCID: PMC4820286 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and cognition". Over the past 30 years, research has demonstrated that estrogens not only are important for female reproduction, but also play a role in a diverse array of cognitive functions. Originally, estrogens were thought to have only one receptor, localized exclusively to the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. However, it is now known that there are at least three estrogen receptors (ERs): ERα, ERβ and G-protein coupled ER1 (GPER1). In addition to being localized to nuclei, ERα and ERβ are localized to the cell membrane, and GPER1 is also observed at the cell membrane. The mechanism through which ERs are associated with the membrane remains unclear, but palmitoylation of receptors and associations between ERs and caveolin are implicated in membrane association. ERα and ERβ are mostly observed in the nucleus using light microscopy unless they are particularly abundant. However, electron microscopy has revealed that ERs are also found at the membrane in complimentary distributions in multiple brain regions, many of which are innervated by dopamine inputs and were previously thought to contain few ERs. In particular, membrane-associated ERs are observed in the prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus, all of which are involved in learning and memory. These findings provide a mechanism for the rapid effects of estrogens in these regions. The effects of estrogens on dopamine-dependent cognition likely result from binding at both nuclear and membrane-associated ERs, so elucidating the localization of membrane-associated ERs helps provide a more complete understanding of the cognitive effects of these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Almey
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA; Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wayne G Brake
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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