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Jay TR, Kang Y, Ouellet-Massicotte V, Micael MKB, Kacouros-Perkins VL, Chen J, Sheehan A, Freeman MR. Developmental and age-related synapse elimination is mediated by glial Croquemort. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600214. [PMID: 39026803 PMCID: PMC11257470 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurons and glia work together to dynamically regulate neural circuit assembly and maintenance. In this study, we show Drosophila exhibit large-scale synapse formation and elimination as part of normal CNS circuit maturation, and that glia use conserved molecules to regulate these processes. Using a high throughput ELISA-based in vivo screening assay, we identify new glial genes that regulate synapse numbers in Drosophila in vivo, including the scavenger receptor ortholog Croquemort (Crq). Crq acts as an essential regulator of glial-dependent synapse elimination during development, with glial Crq loss leading to excess CNS synapses and progressive seizure susceptibility in adults. Loss of Crq in glia also prevents age-related synaptic loss in the adult brain. This work provides new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie synapse development and maintenance across the lifespan, and identifies glial Crq as a key regulator of these processes.
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Li X, Prudente AS, Prato V, Guo X, Hao H, Jones F, Figoli S, Mullen P, Wang Y, Tonello R, Lee SH, Shah S, Maffei B, Berta T, Du X, Gamper N. Peripheral gating of mechanosensation by glial diazepam binding inhibitor. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176227. [PMID: 38888973 PMCID: PMC11324294 DOI: 10.1172/jci176227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We report that diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is a glial messenger mediating crosstalk between satellite glial cells (SGCs) and sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). DBI is highly expressed in SGCs of mice, rats, and humans, but not in sensory neurons or most other DRG-resident cells. Knockdown of DBI results in a robust mechanical hypersensitivity without major effects on other sensory modalities. In vivo overexpression of DBI in SGCs reduces sensitivity to mechanical stimulation and alleviates mechanical allodynia in neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. We further show that DBI acts as an unconventional agonist and positive allosteric modulator at the neuronal GABAA receptors, particularly strongly affecting those with a high-affinity benzodiazepine binding site. Such receptors are selectively expressed by a subpopulation of mechanosensitive DRG neurons, and these are also more enwrapped with DBI-expressing glia, as compared with other DRG neurons, suggesting a mechanism for a specific effect of DBI on mechanosensation. These findings identified a communication mechanism between peripheral neurons and SGCs. This communication modulates pain signaling and can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Arthur Silveira Prudente
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vincenzo Prato
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xianchuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Han Hao
- Department of Pharmacology; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Frederick Jones
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Figoli
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Pierce Mullen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yujin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shihab Shah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Benito Maffei
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaona Du
- Department of Pharmacology; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Nikita Gamper
- Department of Pharmacology; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Li X, Prudente AS, Prato V, Guo X, Hao H, Jones F, Figoli S, Mullen P, Wang Y, Tonnello R, Lee SH, Shah S, Maffei B, Berta T, Du X, Gamper N. Peripheral gating of pain by glial endozepine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567848. [PMID: 38045227 PMCID: PMC10690183 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
We report that diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is a glial messenger mediating satellite glia-sensory neuron crosstalk in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). DBI is highly and specifically expressed in satellite glia cells (SGCs) of mice, rat and human, but not in sensory neurons or other DRG-resident cells. Knockdown of DBI results in a robust mechanical hypersensitivity without significant effects on other sensory modalities. In vivo overexpression of DBI in SGCs reduces sensitivity to mechanical stimulation and alleviates mechanical allodynia in neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. We further show that DBI acts as a partial agonist and positive allosteric modulator at the neuronal GABAA receptors, particularly strongly effecting those with a high-affinity benzodiazepine binding site. Such receptors are selectively expressed by a subpopulation of mechanosensitive DRG neurons and these are also more enwrapped with DBI-expressing glia, as compared to other DRG neurons, suggesting a mechanism for specific effect of DBI on mechanosensation. These findings identified a new, peripheral neuron-glia communication mechanism modulating pain signalling, which can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Arthur Silveira Prudente
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vincenzo Prato
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Xianchuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Frederick Jones
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Sofia Figoli
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Pierce Mullen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yujin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Raquel Tonnello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shihab Shah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Benito Maffei
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaona Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nikita Gamper
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Matafora V, Gorb A, Yang F, Noble W, Bachi A, Perez‐Nievas BG, Jimenez‐Sanchez M. Proteomics of the astrocyte secretome reveals changes in their response to soluble oligomeric Aβ. J Neurochem 2023; 166:346-366. [PMID: 37303123 PMCID: PMC10952722 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes associate with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Astrocytes react to changes in the brain environment, including increasing concentrations of amyloid-β (Aβ). However, the precise response of astrocytes to soluble small Aβ oligomers at concentrations similar to those present in the human brain has not been addressed. In this study, we exposed astrocytes to media from neurons that express the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgene with the double Swedish mutation (APPSwe), and which contains APP-derived fragments, including soluble human Aβ oligomers. We then used proteomics to investigate changes in the astrocyte secretome. Our data show dysregulated secretion of astrocytic proteins involved in the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal organization and increase secretion of proteins involved in oxidative stress responses and those with chaperone activity. Several of these proteins have been identified in previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies using brain tissue from human AD and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Our work highlights the relevance of studying astrocyte secretion to understand the brain response to AD pathology and the potential use of these proteins as biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Gorb
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Fangjia Yang
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM ETS‐ The AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Beatriz Gomez Perez‐Nievas
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Jimenez‐Sanchez
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
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5
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Kim JH, Afridi R, Lee WH, Suk K. Analyzing the glial proteome in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:197-209. [PMID: 37724426 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2260955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and changes in behavior. Accumulating evidence indicates that dysfunction of glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, may contribute to the development and progression of AD. Large-scale analysis of glial proteins sheds light on their roles in cellular processes and diseases. In AD, glial proteomics has been utilized to understand glia-based pathophysiology and identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. AREA COVERED In this review, we provide an updated overview of proteomic analysis of glia in the context of AD. Additionally, we discuss current challenges in the field, involving glial complexity and heterogeneity, and describe some cutting-edge proteomic technologies to address them. EXPERT OPINION Unbiased comprehensive analysis of glial proteomes aids our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of AD pathogenesis. These investigations highlight the crucial role of glial cells and provide novel insights into the mechanisms of AD pathology. A deeper understanding of the AD-related glial proteome could offer a repertoire of potential biomarkers and therapeutics. Further technical advancement of glial proteomics will enable us to identify proteins within individual cells and specific cell types, thus significantly enhancing our comprehension of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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6
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Peppercorn K, Kleffmann T, Hughes SM, Tate WP. Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein Alpha (sAPPα) Regulates the Cellular Proteome and Secretome of Mouse Primary Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087165. [PMID: 37108327 PMCID: PMC10138557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted amyloid precursor protein alpha (sAPPα), processed from a parent mammalian brain protein, amyloid precursor protein, can modulate learning and memory. Recently it has been shown to modulate the transcriptome and proteome of human neurons, including proteins with neurological functions. Here, we analysed whether the acute administration of sAPPα facilitated changes in the proteome and secretome of mouse primary astrocytes in culture. Astrocytes contribute to the neuronal processes of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Cortical mouse astrocytes in culture were exposed to 1 nM sAPPα, and changes in both the whole-cell proteome (2 h) and the secretome (6 h) were identified with Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Spectra-Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS). Differentially regulated proteins were identified in both the cellular proteome and secretome that are involved with neurologically related functions of the normal physiology of the brain and central nervous system. Groups of proteins have a relationship to APP and have roles in the modulation of cell morphology, vesicle dynamics and the myelin sheath. Some are related to pathways containing proteins whose genes have been previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The secretome is also enriched in proteins related to Insulin Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) signaling and the extracellular matrix (ECM). There is the promise that a more specific investigation of these proteins will help to understand the mechanisms of how sAPPα signaling affects memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Research Infrastructure Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Warren P Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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Segura-Aguilar J, Mannervik B, Inzunza J, Varshney M, Nalvarte I, Muñoz P. Astrocytes protect dopaminergic neurons against aminochrome neurotoxicity. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1861-1866. [PMID: 35142659 PMCID: PMC8848618 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes protect neurons by modulating neuronal function and survival. Astrocytes support neurons in several ways. They provide energy through the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, protect neurons from excitotoxicity, and internalize neuronal lipid droplets to degrade fatty acids for neuronal metabolic and synaptic support, as well as by their high capacity for glutamate uptake and the conversion of glutamate to glutamine. A recent reported astrocyte system for protection of dopamine neurons against the neurotoxic products of dopamine, such as aminochrome and other o-quinones, were generated under neuromelanin synthesis by oxidizing dopamine catechol structure. Astrocytes secrete glutathione transferase M2-2 through exosomes that transport this enzyme into dopaminergic neurons to protect these neurons against aminochrome neurotoxicity. The role of this new astrocyte protective mechanism in Parkinson´s disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ICBM Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bengt Mannervik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ICBM Faculty of Medicine University of Chile; Nucleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Martins-Macedo J, Salgado AJ, Gomes ED, Pinto L. Adult brain cytogenesis in the context of mood disorders: From neurogenesis to the emergent role of gliogenesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:411-428. [PMID: 34555383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders severely impact patients' lives. Motivational, cognitive and emotional deficits are the most common symptoms observed in these patients and no effective treatment is still available, either due to the adverse side effects or the low rate of efficacy of currently available drugs. Neurogenesis recovery has been one important focus in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, which undeniably contributes to the therapeutic action of antidepressants. However, glial plasticity is emerging as a new strategy to explore the deficits observed in mood disorders and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Thus, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind glio- and neurogenesis to better define treatments and preventive therapies, once adult cytogenesis is of pivotal importance to cognitive and emotional components of behavior, both in healthy and pathological contexts, including in psychiatric disorders. Here, we review the concepts and history of neuro- and gliogenesis, providing as well a reflection on the functional importance of cytogenesis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo D Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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9
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Valdes R, Armijo A, Muñoz P, Hultenby K, Hagg A, Inzunza J, Nalvarte I, Varshney M, Mannervik B, Segura-Aguilar J. Cellular Trafficking of Glutathione Transferase M2-2 Between U373MG and SHSY-S7 Cells is Mediated by Exosomes. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:182-190. [PMID: 33555546 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme glutathione transferase M2-2, expressed in human astrocytes, increases its expression in the presence of aminochrome and catalyzes the conjugation of aminochrome, preventing its toxic effects. Secretion of the enzyme glutathione transferase M2-2 from U373MG cells, used as a cellular model for astrocytes, has been reported, and the enzyme is taken up by neuroblastoma SYSH-S7 cells and provide protection against aminochrome. The present study provides evidence that glutathione transferase M2-2 is released in exosomes from U373MG cells, thereby providing a means for intercellular transport of the enzyme. With particular relevance to Parkinson disease and other degenerative conditions, we propose a new mechanism by which astrocytes may protect dopaminergic neurons against the endogenous neurotoxin aminochrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Valdes
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ICBM Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Armijo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ICBM Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Nucleo de Química Y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andres Hagg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jose Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Mannervik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ICBM Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Masmoudi-Kouki O, Namsi A, Hamdi Y, Bahdoudi S, Ghouili I, Chuquet J, Leprince J, Lefranc B, Ghrairi T, Tonon MC, Lizard G, Vaudry D. Cytoprotective and Neurotrophic Effects of Octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) in in vitro and in vivo Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:566026. [PMID: 33250858 PMCID: PMC7672186 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.566026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) and its precursor diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) are peptides belonging to the family of endozepines. Endozepines are exclusively produced by astroglial cells in the central nervous system of mammals, and their release is regulated by stress signals and neuroactive compounds. There is now compelling evidence that the gliopeptide ODN protects cultured neurons and astrocytes from apoptotic cell death induced by various neurotoxic agents. In vivo, ODN causes a very strong neuroprotective action against neuronal degeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. The neuroprotective activity of ODN is based on its capacity to reduce inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The protective effects of ODN are mediated through its metabotropic receptor. This receptor activates a transduction cascade of second messengers to stimulate protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, which in turn inhibits the expression of proapoptotic factor Bax and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In N2a cells, ODN also promotes survival and stimulates neurite outgrowth. During the ODN-induced neuronal differentiation process, numerous mitochondria and peroxisomes are identified in the neurites and an increase in the amount of cholesterol and fatty acids is observed. The antiapoptotic and neurotrophic properties of ODN, including its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and pro-differentiating effects, suggest that this gliopeptide and some of its selective and stable derivatives may have therapeutic value for the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation, LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Namsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation, LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC)/Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Yosra Hamdi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation, LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Seyma Bahdoudi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation, LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Normandy University, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Inserm U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Ikram Ghouili
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation, LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Julien Chuquet
- Normandy University, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Inserm U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Normandy University, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Inserm U1239, Rouen, France
- Normandy University, Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Normandy University, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Inserm U1239, Rouen, France
- Normandy University, Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation, LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- Normandy University, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Inserm U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC)/Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Normandy University, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Inserm U1239, Rouen, France
- Normandy University, Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
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Tonon MC, Vaudry H, Chuquet J, Guillebaud F, Fan J, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Vaudry D, Lanfray D, Morin F, Prevot V, Papadopoulos V, Troadec JD, Leprince J. Endozepines and their receptors: Structure, functions and pathophysiological significance. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Ivanova MV, Chekanova EO, Belugin BV, Tutykhina IL, Dolzhikova IV, Zakroishchikova IV, Vasil’ev AV, Zakharova MN. Exosomal Transport and Progression of Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Ranjit S, Patters BJ, Gerth KA, Haque S, Choudhary S, Kumar S. Potential neuroprotective role of astroglial exosomes against smoking-induced oxidative stress and HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:703-714. [PMID: 30015535 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1501473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV-1-infected smokers are at risk of oxidative damage to neuronal cells in the central nervous system by both HIV-1 and cigarette smoke. Since neurons have a weak antioxidant defense system, they mostly depend on glial cells, particularly astrocytes, for protection against oxidative damage and neurotoxicity. Astrocytes augment the neuronal antioxidant system by supplying cysteine-containing products for glutathione synthesis, antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and catalase, glucose for antioxidant regeneration via the pentose-phosphate pathway, and by recycling of ascorbic acid. Areas covered: The transport of antioxidants and energy substrates from astrocytes to neurons could possibly occur via extracellular nanovesicles called exosomes. This review highlights the neuroprotective potential of exosomes derived from astrocytes against smoking-induced oxidative stress, HIV-1 replication, and subsequent neurotoxicity observed in HIV-1-positive smokers. Expert opinion: During stress conditions, the antioxidants released from astrocytes either via extracellular fluid or exosomes to neurons may not be sufficient to provide neuroprotection. Therefore, we put forward a novel strategy to combat oxidative stress in the central nervous system, using synthetically developed exosomes loaded with antioxidants such as glutathione and the anti-aging protein Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ranjit
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
| | - Benjamin J Patters
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
| | - Kelli A Gerth
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
| | - Sanjana Haque
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
| | - Sanjeev Choudhary
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , United States
| | - Santosh Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
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14
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Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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15
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Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M. Physiology of Astroglia. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:239-389. [PMID: 29351512 PMCID: PMC6050349 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 945] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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16
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Jha MK, Kim JH, Song GJ, Lee WH, Lee IK, Lee HW, An SSA, Kim S, Suk K. Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 162:37-69. [PMID: 29247683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Ciregia F, Urbani A, Palmisano G. Extracellular Vesicles in Brain Tumors and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:276. [PMID: 28912682 PMCID: PMC5583211 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be classified into apoptotic bodies, microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes, based on their origin or size. Exosomes are the smallest and best characterized vesicles which derived from the endosomal system. These vesicles are released from many different cell types including neuronal cells and their functions in the nervous system are investigated. They have been proposed as novel means for intercellular communication, which takes part not only to the normal neuronal physiology but also to the transmission of pathogenic proteins. Indeed, exosomes are fundamental to assemble and transport proteins during development, but they can also transfer neurotoxic misfolded proteins in pathogenesis. The present review will focus on their roles in neurological diseases, specifically brain tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM), neuroblastoma (NB), medulloblastoma (MB), and metastatic brain tumors and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington, and Prion diseseases highlighting their involvement in spreading neurotoxicity, in therapeutics, and in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ciregia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of PisaPisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, SOD Endocrinology and Metabolism of Organ and Cell Transplants, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università CattolicaRome, Italy.,Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa LuciaRome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa LuciaRome, Italy.,GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao PauloSao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Dubuisson N, Puentes F, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S. Science is 1% inspiration and 99% biomarkers. Mult Scler 2017; 23:1442-1452. [PMID: 28537780 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517709362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration plays a key role in multiple sclerosis (MS) contributing to long-term disability in patients. The prognosis is, however, unpredictable coloured by complex disease mechanisms which can only be clearly appreciated using biomarkers specific to pathobiology of the underlying process. Here, we describe six promising neurodegenerative biomarkers in MS (neurofilament proteins, neurofilament antibodies, tau, N-acetylaspartate, chitinase and chitinase-like proteins and osteopontin), critically evaluating the evidence using a modified Bradford Hill criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dubuisson
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fabiola Puentes
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sharmilee Gnanapavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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19
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Wang H, Cheng N, Dong J, Wang X, Han Y, Yang R, Han Y. Serum pentraxin 3 is elevated in patients with neurological Wilson's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 462:178-182. [PMID: 27553858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper (Cu) metabolism, resulting in pathological accumulation of Cu in many organs and tissues, predominantly in the liver and brain. Cu deposition may lead to neuroinflammation in the brain of WD patients. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) may play an important role in innate immunity and in WD. We compared plasma PTX3 concentrations in WD patients and healthy controls, and to determine whether PTX3 concentration was associated with neurological disease severity. METHODS This study included 86 WD patients and 28 controls. Plasma PTX3 and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration levels were measured using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Disease severity was determined using the neurological Global Assessment Scale (GAS) for WD. RESULTS Plasma PTX3 levels were significantly higher in patients with neurological WD than in controls. PTX3 levels in WD patients were associated with neurological disease severity. However, there was no correlation between CRP and neurological GAS scores. CONCLUSIONS PTX3 represents a potential biochemical marker of disease severity in patients with neurological WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, CAS, China
| | - Jianjian Dong
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Han
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China
| | - Renmin Yang
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China
| | - Yongzhu Han
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China.
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20
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Trindade P, Hampton B, Manhães AC, Medina AE. Developmental alcohol exposure leads to a persistent change on astrocyte secretome. J Neurochem 2016; 137:730-43. [PMID: 26801685 PMCID: PMC5471499 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is the most common cause of mental disabilities in the western world. It has been quite established that acute alcohol exposure can dramatically affect astrocyte function. Because the effects of early alcohol exposure on cell physiology can persist into adulthood, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol exposure in ferrets during a period equivalent to the last months of human gestation leads to persistent changes in astrocyte secretome in vitro. Animals were treated with ethanol (3.5 g/kg) or saline between postnatal day (P)10-30. At P31, astrocyte cultures were made and cells were submitted to stable isotope labeling by amino acids. Twenty-four hour conditioned media of cells obtained from ethanol- or saline-treated animals (ET-CM or SAL-CM) were collected and analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry in tandem with liquid chromatography. Here, we show that 65 out of 280 quantifiable proteins displayed significant differences comparing ET-CM to SAL-CM. Among the 59 proteins that were found to be reduced in ET-CM we observed components of the extracellular matrix such as laminin subunits α2, α4, β1, β2, and γ1 and the proteoglycans biglycan, heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2, and lumican. Proteins with trophic function such as insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4, pigment epithelium-derived factor, and clusterin as well as proteins involved on modulation of proteolysis such as metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were also reduced. In contrast, pro-synaptogeneic proteins like thrombospondin-1, hevin as well as the modulator of extracelular matrix expression, angiotensinogen, were found increased in ET-CM. The analysis of interactome maps through ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrated that the amyloid beta A4 protein precursor, which was found reduced in ET-CM, was previously shown to interact with ten other proteins that exhibited significant changes in the ET-CM. Taken together our results strongly suggest that early exposure to teratogens such as alcohol may lead to an enduring change in astrocyte secretome. Despite efforts in prevention, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are a major cause of mental disabilities. Here, we show that developmental exposure to alcohol lead to a persistent change in the pattern of proteins secreted (secretome) by astrocytes. This study is also the first mass spectrometry-based assessment of the astrocyte secretome in a gyrencephalic animal. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Trindade
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Hampton
- Protein Analysis Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex C Manhães
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Physiology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre E Medina
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Petrelli F, Bezzi P. Novel insights into gliotransmitters. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 26:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Bátiz LF, Castro MA, Burgos PV, Velásquez ZD, Muñoz RI, Lafourcade CA, Troncoso-Escudero P, Wyneken U. Exosomes as Novel Regulators of Adult Neurogenic Niches. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 9:501. [PMID: 26834560 PMCID: PMC4717294 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis has been convincingly demonstrated in two regions of the mammalian brain: the sub-granular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus, and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LV). SGZ newborn neurons are destined to the granular cell layer (GCL) of the DG, while new neurons from the SVZ neurons migrate rostrally into the olfactory bulb (OB). The process of adult neurogenesis persists throughout life and is supported by a pool of neural stem cells (NSCs), which reside in a unique and specialized microenvironment known as "neurogenic niche". Neurogenic niches are structured by a complex organization of different cell types, including the NSC-neuron lineage, glial cells and vascular cells. Thus, cell-to-cell communication plays a key role in the dynamic modulation of homeostasis and plasticity of the adult neurogenic process. Specific cell-cell contacts and extracellular signals originated locally provide the necessary support and regulate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs. Furthermore, extracellular signals originated at distant locations, including other brain regions or systemic organs, may reach the niche through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the vasculature and influence its nature. The role of several secreted molecules, such as cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, and hormones, in the biology of adult NSCs, has been systematically addressed. Interestingly, in addition to these well-recognized signals, a novel type of intercellular messengers has been identified recently: the extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs, and particularly exosomes, are implicated in the transfer of mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins and lipids between cells and thus are able to modify the function of recipient cells. Exosomes appear to play a significant role in different stem cell niches such as the mesenchymal stem cell niche, cancer stem cell niche and pre-metastatic niche; however, their roles in adult neurogenic niches remain virtually unexplored. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the functional relationship between cellular and extracellular components of the adult SVZ and SGZ neurogenic niches, and the growing evidence that supports the potential role of exosomes in the physiology and pathology of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Federico Bátiz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Program for Cell Biology and Microscopy, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Maite A Castro
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Program for Cell Biology and Microscopy, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Program for Cell Biology and Microscopy, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Zahady D Velásquez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Rosa I Muñoz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos A Lafourcade
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Troncoso-Escudero
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes Santiago, Chile
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23
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Rajkovic I, Denes A, Allan SM, Pinteaux E. Emerging roles of the acute phase protein pentraxin-3 during central nervous system disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 292:27-33. [PMID: 26943955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is an acute phase protein (APP) and a member of the long pentraxin family that is recognised for its role in peripheral immunity and vascular inflammation in response to injury, infection and diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer and respiratory disease. Systemic levels of PTX3 are highly elevated in these conditions, and PTX3 is now recognised as a new biomarker of disease risk and progression. There is extensive evidence demonstrating that central nervous system (CNS) disorders are primarily characterised by central activation of innate immunity, as well as activation of a potent peripheral acute phase response (APR) that influences central inflammation and contributes to poor outcome. PTX3 has been recently recognised to play important roles in CNS disorders, having both detrimental and neuroprotective effects. The present review aims to give an up-to-date account of the emerging roles of PTX3 in CNS disorders, and to provide a critical comparison between peripheral and central actions of PTX3 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rajkovic
- Faculty of Life Sciences, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Adam Denes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest H-1450, Hungary
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Life Sciences, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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24
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Verkhratsky A, Matteoli M, Parpura V, Mothet JP, Zorec R. Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion. EMBO J 2016; 35:239-57. [PMID: 26758544 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are housekeepers of the central nervous system (CNS) and are important for CNS development, homeostasis and defence. They communicate with neurones and other glial cells through the release of signalling molecules. Astrocytes secrete a wide array of classic neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones, as well as metabolic, trophic and plastic factors, all of which contribute to the gliocrine system. The release of neuroactive substances from astrocytes occurs through several distinct pathways that include diffusion through plasmalemmal channels, translocation by multiple transporters and regulated exocytosis. As in other eukaryotic cells, exocytotic secretion from astrocytes involves divergent secretory organelles (synaptic-like microvesicles, dense-core vesicles, lysosomes, exosomes and ectosomes), which differ in size, origin, cargo, membrane composition, dynamics and functions. In this review, we summarize the features and functions of secretory organelles in astrocytes. We focus on the biogenesis and trafficking of secretory organelles and on the regulation of the exocytotic secretory system in the context of healthy and diseased astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michela Matteoli
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Team Gliotransmission & Synaptopathies, Aix-Marseille University CNRS, CRN2M UMR7286, Marseille, France
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Sintiprungrat K, Singhto N, Thongboonkerd V. Characterization of calcium oxalate crystal-induced changes in the secretome of U937 human monocytes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:879-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to characterize changes in the secretome of human monocytes induced by calcium oxalate crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitisak Sintiprungrat
- Medical Proteomics Unit
- Office for Research and Development
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok
| | - Nilubon Singhto
- Medical Proteomics Unit
- Office for Research and Development
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit
- Office for Research and Development
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok
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26
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Ibi D, Yamada K. Therapeutic Targets for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Emerging from Animal Models with Perinatal Immune Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28218-29. [PMID: 26633355 PMCID: PMC4691039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological evidence indicates that perinatal infection with various viral pathogens enhances the risk for several psychiatric disorders. The pathophysiological significance of astrocyte interactions with neurons and/or gut microbiomes has been reported in neurodevelopmental disorders triggered by pre- and postnatal immune insults. Recent studies with the maternal immune activation or neonatal polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid models of neurodevelopmental disorders have identified various candidate molecules that could be responsible for brain dysfunction. Here, we review the functions of several candidate molecules in neurodevelopment and brain function and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
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27
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Asuni AA, Guridi M, Sanchez S, Sadowski MJ. Antioxidant peroxiredoxin 6 protein rescues toxicity due to oxidative stress and cellular hypoxia in vitro, and attenuates prion-related pathology in vivo. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:152-65. [PMID: 26265052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are common pathomechanisms that underlie neurodegenerative diseases. In prion disease, central to these processes is the post-translational transformation of cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) to the aberrant conformationally altered isoform; PrP(Sc). This can trigger oxidative reactions and impair mitochondrial function by increasing levels of peroxynitrite, causing damage through formation of hydroxyl radicals or via nitration of tyrosine residues on proteins. The 6 member Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) family of redox proteins are thought to be critical protectors against oxidative stress via reduction of H2O2, hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite. In our in vitro studies cellular metabolism of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells was significantly decreased in the presence of H2O2 (oxidative stressor) or CoCl2 (cellular hypoxia), but was rescued by treatment with exogenous Prdx6, suggesting that its protective action is in part mediated through a direct action. We also show that CoCl2-induced apoptosis was significantly decreased by treatment with exogenous Prdx6. We proposed a redox regulator role for Prdx6 in regulating and maintaining cellular homeostasis via its ability to control ROS levels that could otherwise accelerate the emergence of prion-related neuropathology. To confirm this, we established prion disease in mice with and without astrocyte-specific antioxidant protein Prdx6, and demonstrated that expression of Prdx6 protein in Prdx6 Tg ME7-animals reduced severity of the behavioural deficit, decreased neuropathology and increased survival time compared to Prdx6 KO ME7-animals. We conclude that antioxidant Prdx6 attenuates prion-related neuropathology, and propose that augmentation of endogenous Prdx6 protein represents an attractive adjunct therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji A Asuni
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Maitea Guridi
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sandrine Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martin J Sadowski
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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28
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Ng FS, Jackson FR. The ROP vesicle release factor is required in adult Drosophila glia for normal circadian behavior. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:256. [PMID: 26190976 PMCID: PMC4490253 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that endocytosis and/or vesicle recycling mechanisms are essential in adult Drosophila glial cells for the neuronal control of circadian locomotor activity. In this study, our goal was to identify specific glial vesicle trafficking, recycling, or release factors that are required for rhythmic behavior. From a glia-specific, RNAi-based genetic screen, we identified eight glial factors that are required for normally robust circadian rhythms in either a light-dark cycle or in constant dark conditions. In particular, we show that conditional knockdown of the ROP vesicle release factor in adult glial cells results in arrhythmic behavior. Immunostaining for ROP reveals reduced protein in glial cell processes and an accumulation of the Par Domain Protein 1ε (PDP1ε) clock output protein in the small lateral clock neurons. These results suggest that glia modulate rhythmic circadian behavior by secretion of factors that act on clock neurons to regulate a clock output factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny S Ng
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Rob Jackson
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Loría F, Díaz-Nido J. Frataxin knockdown in human astrocytes triggers cell death and the release of factors that cause neuronal toxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 76:1-12. [PMID: 25554687 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a recessive, predominantly neurodegenerative disorder caused in most cases by mutations in the first intron of the frataxin (FXN) gene. This mutation drives the expansion of a homozygous GAA repeat that results in decreased levels of FXN transcription and frataxin protein. Frataxin (Fxn) is a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and a decrease in the levels of this protein is responsible for the symptoms observed in the disease. Although the pathological manifestations of FA are mainly observed in neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system, it is not clear if changes in non-neuronal cells may also contribute to the pathogenesis of FA, as recently suggested for other neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the aims of this study were to generate and characterize a cell model of Fxn deficiency in human astrocytes (HAs) and to evaluate the possible involvement of non-cell autonomous processes in FA. To knockdown frataxin in vitro, we transduced HAs with a specific shRNA lentivirus (shRNA37), which produced a decrease in both frataxin mRNA and protein expression, along with mitochondrial superoxide production, and signs of p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. To test for non-cell autonomous interactions we cultured wild-type mouse neurons in the presence of frataxin-deficient astrocyte conditioned medium, which provoked a delay in the maturation of these neurons, a decrease in neurite length and enhanced cell death. Our findings confirm a detrimental effect of frataxin silencing, not only for astrocytes, but also for neuron-glia interactions, underlining the need to take into account the role of non-cell autonomous processes in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Loría
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Díaz-Nido
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Hinsinger G, Galéotti N, Nabholz N, Urbach S, Rigau V, Demattei C, Lehmann S, Camu W, Labauge P, Castelnovo G, Brassat D, Loussouarn D, Salou M, Laplaud D, Casez O, Bockaert J, Marin P, Thouvenot E. Chitinase 3-like proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2015; 21:1251-61. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458514561906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite sensitivity of MRI to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS), prognostic biomarkers are still needed for optimized treatment. Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostic biomarkers of MS using quantitative proteomics and to analyze their expression at different disease stages. Methods: We conducted differential analysis of the CSF proteome from control and relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients followed by verification by ELISA of candidate biomarkers in CSF and serum in control, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), RRMS and progressive MS (PMS) patients. Results: Twenty-two of the 527 quantified proteins exhibited different abundances in control and RRMS CSF. These include chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) and 2 (CHI3L2), which showed a strong expression in brain of MS patients, especially in astrocytes and microglial cells from white matter plaques. CSF and serum CHI3L1 levels increased with the disease stage and CIS patients with high CSF (>189 ng/ml) and serum (>33 ng/ml) CHI3L1 converted more rapidly to RRMS (log rank test, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, CSF CHI3L2 levels were lower in PMS than in RRMS patients. Accordingly, CSF CHI3L1/CHI3L2 ratio accurately discriminated PMS from RRMS. Conclusions: CSF CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 and serum CHI3L1 might help to define MS disease stage and have a prognostic value in CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hinsinger
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - N Galéotti
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - N Nabholz
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - S Urbach
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - V Rigau
- Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - C Demattei
- Département d’Information Médicale, CHU de Nîmes, France
| | - S Lehmann
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - W Camu
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - P Labauge
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - G Castelnovo
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, France
| | - D Brassat
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - D Loussouarn
- Service d’Anatomopathologie, CHU de Nantes, France
| | | | - D Laplaud
- INSERM 1064, France/Service de Neurologie, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - O Casez
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Grenoble, France
| | - J Bockaert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - P Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, France
| | - E Thouvenot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, France/Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, France
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31
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Cuevas C, Huenchuguala S, Muñoz P, Villa M, Paris I, Mannervik B, Segura-Aguilar J. Glutathione transferase-M2-2 secreted from glioblastoma cell protects SH-SY5Y cells from aminochrome neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:217-28. [PMID: 25403520 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
U373MG cells are able to take up aminochrome that induces glutathione transferase M2-2 (GSTM2) expression in a concentration-dependent manner where 100 µM aminochrome increases GSTM2 expression by 2.1-fold (P < 0.001) at 3 h. The uptake of (3)H-aminochrome into U373MG cells was significantly reduced in the presence of 2 µM nomifensine (P < 0.001) 100 µM imipramine (P < 0.001) and 50 mM dopamine (P < 0.001). Interestingly, U373MG cells excrete GSTM2 into the conditioned medium and the excretion was significantly increased (2.7-fold; P < 0.001) when the cells were pretreated with 50 µM aminochrome for 3 h. The U373MG-conditioned medium containing GSTM2 protects SH-SY5Y cells incubated with 10 µM aminochrome. The significant protection provided by U373MG-conditioned medium in SH-SY5Y cells incubated with aminochrome was dependent on GSTM2 internalization into SH-SY5Y cells as evidenced by (i) uptake of (14)C-GSTM2 released from U373MG cells into SH-SY5Y cells, a process inhibited by anti-GSTM2 antiserum; (ii) lack of protection of U373MG-conditioned medium in the presence of anti-GSTM2 antiserum on SH-SY5Y cells treated with aminochrome; and (iii) lack of protection of conditioned medium from U373MGsiGST6 that expresses an siRNA directed against GSTM2 on SH-SY5Y cells treated with aminochrome. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that U373MG cells protect SH-SY5Y cells against aminochrome neurotoxicity by releasing GSTM2 into the conditioned medium and subsequent internalization of GSTM2 into SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest a new mechanism of protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes by releasing GSTM2 into the intersynaptic space and subsequent internalization into dopaminergic neuron in order to protect these cells against aminochrome neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuevas
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Aβ1-42 reduces P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier through RAGE-NF-κB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1299. [PMID: 24967961 PMCID: PMC4611731 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The reduced clearance of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the brain partly accounts for the neurotoxic accumulation of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, it has been suggested that P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is an efflux transporter expressed on the luminal membrane of the brain capillary endothelium, is capable of transporting Aβ out of the brain. Although evidence has shown that restoring P-gp reduces brain Aβ in a mouse model of AD, the molecular mechanisms underlying the decrease in P-gp expression in AD is largely unknown. We found that Aβ1–42 reduced P-gp expression in the murine brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3, which was consistent with our in vivo data that P-gp expression was significantly reduced, especially near amyloid plaques in the brains of five familial AD mutations (5XFAD) mice that are used as an animal model for AD. A neutralizing antibody against the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and an inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling prevented the decrease in Aβ1–42-induced P-gp expression, suggesting that Aβ reduced P-gp expression through NF-κB signaling by interacting with RAGE. In addition, we observed that the P-gp reduction by Aβ was rescued in bEnd.3 cells receiving inductive signals or factors from astrocytes making contacts with endothelial cells (ECs). These results support that alterations of astrocyte–EC contacts were closely associated with P-gp expression. This suggestion was further supported by the observation of a loss of astrocyte polarity in the brains of 5XFAD mice. Taken together, we found that P-gp downregulation by Aβ was mediated through RAGE–NF-κB signaling pathway in ECs and that the contact between astrocytes and ECs was an important factor in the regulation of P-gp expression.
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Yamada S, Nagai T, Nakai T, Ibi D, Nakajima A, Yamada K. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 is a possible mediator of neurodevelopmental impairment due to polyI:C-induced innate immune activation of astrocytes. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 38:272-82. [PMID: 24594387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological evidence indicates that prenatal infection and childhood central nervous system infection with various viral pathogens enhance the risk for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (polyI:C) is known to induce strong innate immune responses that mimic immune activation by viral infections. Our previous findings suggested that activation of the innate immune system in astrocytes results in impairments of neurite outgrowth and spine formation, which lead to behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. To identify candidates of astrocyte-derived humoral factors that affect neuronal development, we analyzed astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) from murine astrocyte cultures treated with polyI:C (polyI:C-ACM) by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Through a quantitative proteomic screen, we found that 13 protein spots were differentially expressed compared with ACM from vehicle-treated astrocytes (control-ACM), and characterized one of the candidates, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3). PolyI:C treatment significantly increased the expression levels of Mmp3 mRNA and protein in astrocytes, but not microglia. PolyI:C-ACM was associated with significantly higher Mmp3 protein level and enzyme activity than control-ACM. The addition of recombinant Mmp3 into control-ACM impaired dendritic elongation of primary cultured hippocampal neurons, while the deleterious effect of polyI:C-ACM on neurite elongation was attenuated by knockdown of Mmp3 in astrocytes. These results suggest that Mmp3 is a possible mediator of polyI:C-ACM-induced neurodevelopmental impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
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Macroglia-microglia interactions via TSPO signaling regulates microglial activation in the mouse retina. J Neurosci 2014; 34:3793-806. [PMID: 24599476 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3153-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic retinal inflammation in the form of activated microglia and macrophages are implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases of the retina, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. However, molecular biomarkers and targeted therapies for immune cell activation in these disorders are currently lacking. To address this, we investigated the involvement and role of translocator protein (TSPO), a biomarker of microglial and astrocyte gliosis in brain degeneration, in the context of retinal inflammation. Here, we find that TSPO is acutely and specifically upregulated in retinal microglia in separate mouse models of retinal inflammation and injury. Concomitantly, its endogenous ligand, diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), is upregulated in the macroglia of the mouse retina such as astrocytes and Müller cells. In addition, we discover that TSPO-mediated signaling in microglia via DBI-derived ligands negatively regulates features of microglial activation, including reactive oxygen species production, TNF-α expression and secretion, and microglial proliferation. The inducibility and effects of DBI-TSPO signaling in the retina reveal a mechanism of coordinated macroglia-microglia interactions, the function of which is to limit the magnitude of inflammatory responses after their initiation, facilitating a return to baseline quiescence. Our results indicate that TSPO is a promising molecular marker for imaging inflammatory cell activation in the retina and highlight DBI-TSPO signaling as a potential target for immodulatory therapies.
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Smith JS, Angel TE, Chavkin C, Orton DJ, Moore RJ, Smith RD. Characterization of individual mouse cerebrospinal fluid proteomes. Proteomics 2014; 14:1102-6. [PMID: 24677814 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) offers key insight into the status of the CNS. Characterization of murine CSF proteomes can provide a valuable resource for studying CNS injury and disease in animal models. However, the small volume of CSF in mice has thus far limited individual mouse proteome characterization. Through nonterminal CSF extractions in C57Bl/6 mice and high-resolution 2D-LC MS/MS analysis of individual murine samples, we report the most comprehensive proteome characterization of individual murine CSF to date. We identified a total of 566 unique proteins, including 128 proteins from three individual CSF samples that have been previously identified in brain tissue. Our methods and analysis provide a mechanism for individual murine CSF proteome analysis. The data are available in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000248 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000248).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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36
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Jha MK, Suk K. Glia-based biomarkers and their functional role in the CNS. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:43-63. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Asuni AA, Gray B, Bailey J, Skipp P, Perry VH, O'Connor V. Analysis of the hippocampal proteome in ME7 prion disease reveals a predominant astrocytic signature and highlights the brain-restricted production of clusterin in chronic neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4532-45. [PMID: 24366862 PMCID: PMC3924314 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.502690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are characterized by accumulation of misfolded protein, gliosis, synaptic dysfunction, and ultimately neuronal loss. This sequence, mirroring key features of Alzheimer disease, is modeled well in ME7 prion disease. We used iTRAQTM/mass spectrometry to compare the hippocampal proteome in control and late-stage ME7 animals. The observed changes associated with reactive glia highlighted some specific proteins that dominate the proteome in late-stage disease. Four of the up-regulated proteins (GFAP, high affinity glutamate transporter (EAAT-2), apo-J (Clusterin), and peroxiredoxin-6) are selectively expressed in astrocytes, but astrocyte proliferation does not contribute to their up-regulation. The known functional role of these proteins suggests this response acts against protein misfolding, excitotoxicity, and neurotoxic reactive oxygen species. A recent convergence of genome-wide association studies and the peripheral measurement of circulating levels of acute phase proteins have focused attention on Clusterin as a modifier of late-stage Alzheimer disease and a biomarker for advanced neurodegeneration. Since ME7 animals allow independent measurement of acute phase proteins in the brain and circulation, we extended our investigation to address whether changes in the brain proteome are detectable in blood. We found no difference in the circulating levels of Clusterin in late-stage prion disease when animals will show behavioral decline, accumulation of misfolded protein, and dramatic synaptic and neuronal loss. This does not preclude an important role of Clusterin in late-stage disease, but it cautions against the assumption that brain levels provide a surrogate peripheral measure for the progression of brain degeneration.
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Jha MK, Seo M, Kim JH, Kim BG, Cho JY, Suk K. The secretome signature of reactive glial cells and its pathological implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2418-28. [PMID: 23269363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jha MK, Kim JH, Suk K. Proteome of brain glia: the molecular basis of diverse glial phenotypes. Proteomics 2013; 14:378-98. [PMID: 24124134 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several different types of nonneuronal glial cells with diverse phenotypes are present in the CNS, and all have distinct indispensible functions. Although glial cells primarily provide neurons with metabolic and structural support in the healthy brain, they may switch phenotype from a "resting" to a "reactive" state in response to pathological insults. Furthermore, this reactive gliosis is an invariant feature of the pathogeneses of CNS maladies. The glial proteome serves as a signature of glial phenotype, and not only executes physiological functions, but also acts as a molecular mediator of the reactive glial phenotype. The glial proteome is also involved in intra- and intercellular communications as exemplified by glia-glia and neuron-glia interactions. The utilization of authoritative proteomic tools and the bioinformatic analyses have helped to profile the brain glial proteome and explore the molecular mechanisms of diverse glial phenotypes. Furthermore, technologic innovations have equipped the field of "glioproteomics" with refined tools for studies of the expression, interaction, and function of glial proteins in the healthy and in the diseased CNS. Glioproteomics is expected to contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CNS pathophysiology and to the discovery of biomarkers and theragnostic targets in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Christou YA, Ohyama K, Placzek M, Monk PN, Shaw PJ. Wild-type but not mutant SOD1 transgenic astrocytes promote the efficient generation of motor neuron progenitors from mouse embryonic stem cells. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:126. [PMID: 24134124 PMCID: PMC3853012 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficient derivation of mature (Hb9+) motor neurons from embryonic stem cells is a sought-after goal in the understanding, and potential treatment, of motor neuron diseases. Conditions that promote the robust generation of motor neuron progenitors from embryonic stem cells and that promote the survival of differentiated motor neurons ex vivo are likely, therefore, to be critical in future biological/therapeutic/screening approaches. Previous studies have shown that astrocytes have a protective effect on differentiated motor neurons (in vivo and ex vivo), but it remains unclear whether astrocytes also play a beneficial role in the support of motor neuron progenitors. Here we explore the effect of murine astrocyte-conditioned medium on monolayer cultures of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived motor neuron progenitors. Results Our data show that wild-type astrocyte-conditioned medium significantly increases the number of Olig2+/Hb9- progenitors, which subsequently differentiate into Hb9+/Islet1+ post-mitotic motor neurons. Intriguingly, while astrocyte-conditioned medium derived from mice transgenic for wild-type human SOD1 mimics the effect of wild-type astrocytes, conditioned medium derived from astrocytes carrying an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related SOD1-G93A mutation shows no such beneficial effect. The effect of astrocyte-conditioned medium, moreover, is specific to motor neurons: we find that interneurons generated from mouse embryonic stem cells are unaffected by conditioned media from any type of astrocyte. Conclusions Our study indicates that conditioned medium derived from wild type astrocytes enhances the efficient generation of motor neurons from mouse embryonic stem cells by enhancing motor neuron progenitors. In contrast, conditioned medium from SOD1-G93A astrocytes does not show a similar enhancing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiota A Christou
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
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Angiogenin induces modifications in the astrocyte secretome: Relevance to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Proteomics 2013; 91:274-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Primary hippocampal neurons, which lack four crucial extracellular matrix molecules, display abnormalities of synaptic structure and function and severe deficits in perineuronal net formation. J Neurosci 2013; 33:7742-55. [PMID: 23637166 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3275-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain plays crucial roles during the development, maturation, and regeneration of the CNS. In a subpopulation of neurons, the ECM condenses to superstructures called perineuronal nets (PNNs) that surround synapses. Camillo Golgi described PNNs a century ago, yet their biological functions remain elusive. Here, we studied a mouse mutant that lacks four ECM components highly enriched in the developing brain: the glycoproteins tenascin-C and tenascin-R and the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans brevican and neurocan. Primary embryonic hippocampal neurons and astrocytes were cultivated using a cell insert system that allows for co-culture of distinct cell populations in the absence of direct membrane contacts. The wild-type and knock-out cells were combined in the four possible permutations. Using this approach, neurons cultivated in the presence of mutant astrocytes displayed a transient increase of synapses after 2 weeks. However, after a period of 3 weeks or longer, synapse formation and stabilization were compromised when either neuron or astrocyte cell populations or both were of mutant origin. The development of PNN structures was observed, but their size was substantially reduced on knock-out neurons. The synaptic activity of both wild-type and knock-out neurons was monitored using whole-cell patch clamping. The salient observation was a reduced frequency of IPSCs and EPSCs, whereas the amplitudes were not modified. Remarkably, the knock-out neuron phenotypes could not be rescued by wild-type astrocytes. We conclude that the elimination of four ECM genes compromises neuronal function.
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Sandoval M, Luarte A, Herrera-Molina R, Varas-Godoy M, Santibáñez M, Rubio FJ, Smit AB, Gundelfinger ED, Li KW, Smalla KH, Wyneken U. The glycolytic enzyme aldolase C is up-regulated in rat forebrain microsomes and in the cerebrospinal fluid after repetitive fluoxetine treatment. Brain Res 2013; 1520:1-14. [PMID: 23688545 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is widely used for the treatment of a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve cellular adaptations that are induced with a slow time course after initiation of treatment. To gain insight into the signaling pathways underlying such changes, the expression levels of proteins in a microsomal sub-fraction enriched in intracellular membranes from the rat forebrain was analyzed after two weeks of treatment with fluoxetine. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the differentially regulated protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Protein network analysis suggested that most of the identified proteins could potentially be regulated by the insulin family of proteins. Among them, Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (AldoC), a glycolytic/gluconeogenic enzyme primarily expressed in forebrain astrocytes, was up-regulated 7.6-fold. An immunohistochemical analysis of the dorsal hippocampus revealed a robust decrease (43±2%) in the co-localization of AldoC and the astrocyte marker GFAP and a diffuse staining pattern, compatible with AldoC secretion into the extracellular space. Consistently, AldoC, contained in an exosome-like fraction in astrocyte conditioned medium, increased significantly in the cerebrospinal fluid. Our findings strongly favor a non-canonic signaling role for AldoC in cellular adaptations induced by repetitive fluoxetine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Basso M, Pozzi S, Tortarolo M, Fiordaliso F, Bisighini C, Pasetto L, Spaltro G, Lidonnici D, Gensano F, Battaglia E, Bendotti C, Bonetto V. Mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) induces protein secretion pathway alterations and exosome release in astrocytes: implications for disease spreading and motor neuron pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15699-711. [PMID: 23592792 PMCID: PMC3668729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.425066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the most common motor neuron disease and is still incurable. The mechanisms leading to the selective motor neuron vulnerability are still not known. The interplay between motor neurons and astrocytes is crucial in the outcome of the disease. We show that mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) overexpression in primary astrocyte cultures is associated with decreased levels of proteins involved in secretory pathways. This is linked to a general reduction of total secreted proteins, except for specific enrichment in a number of proteins in the media, such as mutant SOD1 and valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97. Because there was also an increase in exosome release, we can deduce that astrocytes expressing mutant SOD1 activate unconventional secretory pathways, possibly as a protective mechanism. This may help limit the formation of intracellular aggregates and overcome mutant SOD1 toxicity. We also found that astrocyte-derived exosomes efficiently transfer mutant SOD1 to spinal neurons and induce selective motor neuron death. We conclude that the expression of mutant SOD1 has a substantial impact on astrocyte protein secretion pathways, contributing to motor neuron pathology and disease spread.
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Mukherjee P, Mani S. Methodologies to decipher the cell secretome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2226-32. [PMID: 23376189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cell secretome is a collection of proteins consisting of transmembrane proteins (TM) and proteins secreted by cells into the extracellular space. A significant portion (~13-20%) of the human proteome consists of secretory proteins. The secretory proteins play important roles in cell migration, cell signaling and communication. There is a plethora of methodologies available like Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), DNA microarrays, antibody arrays and bead-based arrays, mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing and yeast, bacterial and mammalian secretion traps to identify the cell secretomes. There are many advantages and disadvantages in using any of the above methods. This review aims to discuss the methodologies available along with their potential advantages and disadvantages to identify secretory proteins. This review is a part of a Special issue on The Secretome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA.
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Lai W, Wu J, Zou X, Xie J, Zhang L, Zhao X, Zhao M, Wang Q, Ji J. Secretome Analyses of Aβ1–42 Stimulated Hippocampal Astrocytes Reveal that CXCL10 is Involved in Astrocyte Migration. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:832-43. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300895r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Lai
- The National Laboratory of Protein
Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- The National Laboratory of Protein
Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zou
- The National Laboratory of Protein
Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- The National Laboratory of Protein
Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Minzhi Zhao
- The National Laboratory of Protein
Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- The National Laboratory of Protein
Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Ji
- The National Laboratory of Protein
Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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Yin P, Knolhoff AM, Rosenberg HJ, Millet LJ, Gillette MU, Sweedler JV. Peptidomic analyses of mouse astrocytic cell lines and rat primary cultured astrocytes. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3965-73. [PMID: 22742998 DOI: 10.1021/pr201066t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play an active role in the modulation of synaptic transmission by releasing cell-cell signaling molecules in response to various stimuli that evoke a Ca2+ increase. We expand on recent studies of astrocyte intracellular and secreted proteins by examining the astrocyte peptidome in mouse astrocytic cell lines and rat primary cultured astrocytes, as well as those peptides secreted from mouse astrocytic cell lines in response to Ca2+-dependent stimulations. We identified 57 peptides derived from 24 proteins with LC-MS/MS and CE-MS/MS in the astrocytes. Among the secreted peptides, four peptides derived from elongation factor 1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, peroxiredoxin-5, and galectin-1 were putatively identified by mass-matching to peptides confirmed to be found in astrocytes. Other peptides in the secretion study were mass-matched to those found in prior peptidomics analyses on mouse brain tissue. Complex peptide profiles were observed after stimulation, suggesting that astrocytes are actively involved in peptide secretion. Twenty-six peptides were observed in multiple stimulation experiments but not in controls and thus appear to be released in a Ca2+-dependent manner. These results can be used in future investigations to better understand stimulus-dependent mechanisms of astrocyte peptide secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Jeon H, Kim JH, Kim JH, Lee WH, Lee MS, Suk K. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 regulates microglial motility and phagocytic activity. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:149. [PMID: 22747686 PMCID: PMC3418576 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor of urokinase type plasminogen activators (uPA) and tissue type plasminogen activators (tPA), which mediate fibrinolysis. PAI-1 is also involved in the innate immunity by regulating cell migration and phagocytosis. However, little is known about the role of PAI-1 in the central nervous system. Methods In this study, we identified PAI-1 in the culture medium of mouse mixed glial cells by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Secretion of PAI-1 from glial cultures was detected by ELISA and western blotting analysis. Cell migration was evaluated by in vitro scratch-wound healing assay or Boyden chamber assay and an in vivo stab wound injury model. Phagocytic activity was measured by uptake of zymosan particles. Results The levels of PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression were increased by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ stimulation in both microglia and astrocytes. PAI-1 promoted the migration of microglial cells in culture via the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 1/Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 axis. PAI-1 also increased microglial migration in vivo when injected into mouse brain. PAI-1-mediated microglial migration was independent of protease inhibition, because an R346A mutant of PAI-1 with impaired PA inhibitory activity also promoted microglial migration. Moreover, PAI-1 was able to modulate microglial phagocytic activity. PAI-1 inhibited microglial engulfment of zymosan particles in a vitronectin- and Toll-like receptor 2/6-dependent manner. Conclusion Our results indicate that glia-derived PAI-1 may regulate microglial migration and phagocytosis in an autocrine or paracrine manner. This may have important implications in the regulation of brain microglial activities in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, CMRI, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 101 Dong-In, Daegu, Joong-gu, 700-422, South Korea
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Macroautophagy and cell responses related to mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid metabolism and unconventional secretion of proteins. Cells 2012; 1:168-203. [PMID: 24710422 PMCID: PMC3901093 DOI: 10.3390/cells1020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy has important physiological roles and its cytoprotective or detrimental function is compromised in various diseases such as many cancers and metabolic diseases. However, the importance of autophagy for cell responses has also been demonstrated in many other physiological and pathological situations. In this review, we discuss some of the recently discovered mechanisms involved in specific and unspecific autophagy related to mitochondrial dysfunction and organelle degradation, lipid metabolism and lipophagy as well as recent findings and evidence that link autophagy to unconventional protein secretion.
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder affecting motoneurons. Mutations in angiogenin, encoding a member of the pancreatic RNase A superfamily, segregate with ALS. We previously demonstrated that angiogenin administration shows promise as a neuroprotective therapeutic in studies using transgenic ALS mice and primary motoneuron cultures. Its mechanism of action and target cells in the spinal cord, however, are largely unknown. Using mixed motoneuron cultures, motoneuron-like NSC34 cells, and primary astroglia cultures as model systems, we here demonstrate that angiogenin is a neuronally secreted factor that is endocytosed by astroglia and mediates neuroprotection in paracrine. We show that wild-type angiogenin acts unidirectionally to induce RNA cleavage in astroglia, while the ALS-associated K40I mutant is also secreted and endocytosed, but fails to induce RNA cleavage. Angiogenin uptake into astroglia requires heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and engages clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We show that this uptake mechanism exists for mouse and human angiogenin, and delivers a functional RNase output. Moreover, we identify syndecan 4 as the angiogenin receptor mediating the selective uptake of angiogenin into astroglia. Our data provide new insights into the paracrine activities of angiogenin in the nervous system, and further highlight the critical role of non-neuronal cells in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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