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Kaizuka T, Hirouchi T, Saneyoshi T, Shirafuji T, Collins MO, Grant SGN, Hayashi Y, Takumi T. FAM81A is a postsynaptic protein that regulates the condensation of postsynaptic proteins via liquid-liquid phase separation. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002006. [PMID: 38452102 PMCID: PMC10919877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteome analyses of the postsynaptic density (PSD), a proteinaceous specialization beneath the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory synapses, have identified several thousands of proteins. While proteins with predictable functions have been well studied, functionally uncharacterized proteins are mostly overlooked. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 35 PSD proteome datasets, encompassing a total of 5,869 proteins. Employing a ranking methodology, we identified 97 proteins that remain inadequately characterized. From this selection, we focused our detailed analysis on the highest-ranked protein, FAM81A. FAM81A interacts with PSD proteins, including PSD-95, SynGAP, and NMDA receptors, and promotes liquid-liquid phase separation of those proteins in cultured cells or in vitro. Down-regulation of FAM81A in cultured neurons causes a decrease in the size of PSD-95 puncta and the frequency of neuronal firing. Our findings suggest that FAM81A plays a crucial role in facilitating the interaction and assembly of proteins within the PSD, and its presence is important for maintaining normal synaptic function. Additionally, our methodology underscores the necessity for further characterization of numerous synaptic proteins that still lack comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kaizuka
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Taisei Hirouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Saneyoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shirafuji
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mark O. Collins
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- biOMICS Facility, Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Seth G. N. Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yasunori Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
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2
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Chen M, Koopmans F, Paliukhovich I, van der Spek SJF, Dong J, Smit AB, Li KW. Blue Native PAGE-Antibody Shift in Conjunction with Mass Spectrometry to Reveal Protein Subcomplexes: Detection of a Cerebellar α1/α6-Subunits Containing γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subtype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087632. [PMID: 37108794 PMCID: PMC10143440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pentameric γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the majority of inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. In the cerebellum, the two main receptor subtypes are the 2α1/2β/γ and 2α6/2β/δ subunits. In the present study, an interaction proteomics workflow was used to reveal additional subtypes that contain both α1 and α6 subunits. Immunoprecipitation of the α6 subunit from mouse brain cerebellar extract co-purified the α1 subunit. In line with this, pre-incubation of the cerebellar extract with anti-α6 antibodies and analysis by blue native gel electrophoresis mass-shifted part of the α1 complexes, indicative of the existence of an α1α6-containing receptor. Subsequent mass spectrometry of the blue native gel showed the α1α6-containing receptor subtype to exist in two main forms, i.e., with or without Neuroligin-2. Immunocytochemistry on a cerebellar granule cell culture revealed co-localization of α6 and α1 in post-synaptic puncta that apposed the presynaptic marker protein Vesicular GABA transporter, indicative of the presence of this synaptic GABAAR subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Koopmans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Paliukhovich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie J F van der Spek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Lautz JD, Tsegay KB, Zhu Z, Gniffke EP, Welsh JP, Smith SEP. Synaptic protein interaction networks encode experience by assuming stimulus-specific and brain-region-specific states. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110076. [PMID: 34852231 PMCID: PMC8722361 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A core network of widely expressed proteins within the glutamatergic post-synapse mediates activity-dependent synaptic plasticity throughout the brain, but the specific proteomic composition of synapses differs between brain regions. Here, we address the question, how does proteomic composition affect activity-dependent protein-protein interaction networks (PINs) downstream of synaptic activity? Using quantitative multiplex co-immunoprecipitation, we compare the PIN response of in vivo or ex vivo neurons derived from different brain regions to activation by different agonists or different forms of eyeblink conditioning. We report that PINs discriminate between incoming stimuli using differential kinetics of overlapping and non-overlapping PIN parameters. Further, these "molecular logic rules" differ by brain region. We conclude that although the PIN of the glutamatergic post-synapse is expressed widely throughout the brain, its activity-dependent dynamics show remarkable stimulus-specific and brain-region-specific diversity. This diversity may help explain the challenges in developing molecule-specific drug therapies for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Lautz
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaleb B Tsegay
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhiyi Zhu
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward P Gniffke
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John P Welsh
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Crapser JD, Arreola MA, Tsourmas KI, Green KN. Microglia as hackers of the matrix: sculpting synapses and the extracellular space. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2472-2488. [PMID: 34413489 PMCID: PMC8546068 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia shape the synaptic environment in health and disease, but synapses do not exist in a vacuum. Instead, pre- and postsynaptic terminals are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM), which together with glia comprise the four elements of the contemporary tetrapartite synapse model. While research in this area is still just beginning, accumulating evidence points toward a novel role for microglia in regulating the ECM during normal brain homeostasis, and such processes may, in turn, become dysfunctional in disease. As it relates to synapses, microglia are reported to modify the perisynaptic matrix, which is the diffuse matrix that surrounds dendritic and axonal terminals, as well as perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized reticular formations of compact ECM that enwrap neuronal subsets and stabilize proximal synapses. The interconnected relationship between synapses and the ECM in which they are embedded suggests that alterations in one structure necessarily affect the dynamics of the other, and microglia may need to sculpt the matrix to modify the synapses within. Here, we provide an overview of the microglial regulation of synapses, perisynaptic matrix, and PNNs, propose candidate mechanisms by which these structures may be modified, and present the implications of such modifications in normal brain homeostasis and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Crapser
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Miguel A. Arreola
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Kate I. Tsourmas
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Kim N. Green
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
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A unified resource and configurable model of the synapse proteome and its role in disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9967. [PMID: 33976238 PMCID: PMC8113277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding synaptic proteins are highly associated with neuronal disorders many of which show clinical co-morbidity. We integrated 58 published synaptic proteomic datasets that describe over 8000 proteins and combined them with direct protein-protein interactions and functional metadata to build a network resource that reveals the shared and unique protein components that underpin multiple disorders. All the data are provided in a flexible and accessible format to encourage custom use.
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6
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van Gelder CAGH, Altelaar M. Neuroproteomics of the Synapse: Subcellular Quantification of Protein Networks and Signaling Dynamics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100087. [PMID: 33933679 PMCID: PMC8167277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most fascinating features of the brain is its ability to adapt to its surroundings. Synaptic plasticity, the dynamic mechanism of functional and structural alterations in synaptic strength, is essential for brain functioning and underlies a variety of processes such as learning and memory. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying such rapid plasticity are not fully understood, a consensus exists on the important role of proteins. The study of these neuronal proteins using neuroproteomics has increased rapidly in the last decades, and advancements in MS-based proteomics have broadened our understanding of neuroplasticity exponentially. In this review, we discuss the trends in MS-based neuroproteomics for the study of synaptic protein-protein interactions and protein signaling dynamics, with a focus on sample types, different labeling and enrichment approaches, and data analysis and interpretation. We highlight studies from the last 5 years, with a focus on synapse structure, composition, functioning, or signaling and finally discuss some recent developments that could further advance the field of neuroproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A G H van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Wilkinson B, Coba MP. Molecular architecture of postsynaptic Interactomes. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109782. [PMID: 32941943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The postsynaptic density (PSD) plays an essential role in the organization of the synaptic signaling machinery. It contains a set of core scaffolding proteins that provide the backbone to PSD protein-protein interaction networks (PINs). These core scaffolding proteins can be seen as three principal layers classified by protein family, with DLG proteins being at the top, SHANKs along the bottom, and DLGAPs connecting the two layers. Early studies utilizing yeast two hybrid enabled the identification of direct protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within the multiple layers of scaffolding proteins. More recently, mass-spectrometry has allowed the characterization of whole interactomes within the PSD. This expansion of knowledge has further solidified the centrality of core scaffolding family members within synaptic PINs and provided context for their role in neuronal development and synaptic function. Here, we discuss the scaffolding machinery of the PSD, their essential functions in the organization of synaptic PINs, along with their relationship to neuronal processes found to be impaired in complex brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Wilkinson
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Marcelo P Coba
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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8
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Ahmad F, Liu P. Synaptosome as a tool in Alzheimer's disease research. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147009. [PMID: 32659233 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synapse dysfunction is an integral feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. In fact, prodromal manifestation of structural and functional deficits in synapses much prior to appearance of overt pathological hallmarks of the disease indicates that AD might be considered as a degenerative disorder of the synapses. Several research instruments and techniques have allowed us to study synaptic function and plasticity and their alterations in pathological conditions, such as AD. One such tool is the biochemically isolated preparations of detached and resealed synaptic terminals, the "synaptosomes". Because of the preservation of many of the physiological processes such as metabolic and enzymatic activities, synaptosomes have proved to be an indispensable ex vivo model system to study synapse physiology both when isolated from fresh or cryopreserved tissues, and from animal or human post-mortem tissues. This model system has been tremendously successful in the case of post-mortem tissues because of their accessibility relative to acute brain slices or cultures. The current review details the use of synaptosomes in AD research and its potential as a valuable tool in furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis and in devising and testing of therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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9
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Rodzli NA, Lockhart-Cairns MP, Levy CW, Chipperfield J, Bird L, Baldock C, Prince SM. The Dual PDZ Domain from Postsynaptic Density Protein 95 Forms a Scaffold with Peptide Ligand. Biophys J 2020; 119:667-689. [PMID: 32652058 PMCID: PMC7399497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PSD-95 is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase class of proteins that forms scaffolding interactions with partner proteins, including ion and receptor channels. PSD-95 is directly implicated in modulating the electrical responses of excitable cells. The first two PSD-95/disks large/zona occludens (PDZ) domains of PSD-95 have been shown to be the key component in the formation of channel clusters. We report crystal structures of this dual domain in both apo- and ligand-bound form: thermodynamic analysis of the ligand association and small-angle x-ray scattering of the dual domain in the absence and presence of ligands. These experiments reveal that the ligated double domain forms a three-dimensional scaffold that can be described by a space group. The concentration of the components in this study is comparable with those found in compartments of excitable cells such as the postsynaptic density and juxtaparanodes of Ranvier. These in vitro experiments inform the basis of the scaffolding function of PSD-95 and provide a detailed model for scaffold formation by the PDZ domains of PSD-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazahiyah A Rodzli
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Lockhart-Cairns
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin W Levy
- Manchester Protein Structure Facility, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John Chipperfield
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Bird
- Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Prince
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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10
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Kramvis I, van Westen R, Lammertse HCA, Riga D, Heistek TS, Loebel A, Spijker S, Mansvelder HD, Meredith RM. Dysregulated Prefrontal Cortex Inhibition in Prepubescent and Adolescent Fragile X Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:88. [PMID: 32528248 PMCID: PMC7264168 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in excitation and inhibition are associated with the pathobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders of intellectual disability and autism and are widely described in Fragile X syndrome (FXS). In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), essential for cognitive processing, excitatory connectivity and plasticity are found altered in the FXS mouse model, however, little is known about the state of inhibition. To that end, we investigated GABAergic signaling in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) knock out (Fmr1-KO) mouse medial PFC (mPFC). We report changes at the molecular, and functional levels of inhibition at three (prepubescence) and six (adolescence) postnatal weeks. Functional changes were most prominent during early postnatal development, resulting in stronger inhibition, through increased synaptic inhibitory drive and amplitude, and reduction of inhibitory short-term synaptic depression. Noise analysis of prepubescent post-synaptic currents demonstrated an increased number of receptors opening during peak current in Fmr1-KO inhibitory synapses. During adolescence amplitudes and plasticity changes normalized, however, the inhibitory drive was now reduced in Fmr1-KO, while synaptic kinetics were prolonged. Finally, adolescent GABAA receptor subunit α2 and GABAB receptor subtype B1 expression levels were different in Fmr1-KOs than WT littermate controls. Together these results extend the degree of synaptic GABAergic alterations in FXS, now to the mPFC of Fmr1-KO mice, a behaviourally relevant brain region in neurodevelopmental disorder pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kramvis
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rhodé van Westen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanna C A Lammertse
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danai Riga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex Loebel
- Department of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rhiannon M Meredith
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Ko HG, Park DI, Lee JH, Turck CW, Kaang BK. Proteomic analysis of synaptic protein turnover in the anterior cingulate cortex after nerve injury. Mol Brain 2020; 13:19. [PMID: 32051001 PMCID: PMC7017499 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic proteins play an important role for the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Numerous studies have identified and revealed individual synaptic protein functions using protein overexpression or deletion. In neuropathic pain nociceptive stimuli conveyed from the periphery repetitively stimulate neurons in the central nerve system, brain and spinal cord. Neuronal activities change the turnover (synthesis and degradation) rate of synaptic proteins. Thus, the analysis of synaptic protein turnover rather than just expression level change is critical for studying the role of synaptic proteins in synaptic plasticity. Here, we analyzed synaptosomal proteome in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to identify protein turnover rate changes caused by peripheral nerve injury. Whereas PKCγ levels were not altered, we found that the protein’s turnover rate decreased after peripheral nerve injury. Our results suggest that postsynaptic PKCγ synthesized by neuronal activities in the ACC is translocated to the postsynaptic membrane with an extended half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Gon Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu, 41940, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong Ik Park
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu, 41940, South Korea
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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12
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Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis: A Gel-Based Proteomic Approach for Protein Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2102:163-176. [PMID: 31989554 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0223-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) remains to be one of the most popular and versatile methods of protein separation among many proteomics technologies. Similar to traditional two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), the proteins are separated based on their charges and molecular weight by 2D-DIGE. Different from 2D-PAGE, proteins are pre-labeled with different fluorescent dyes, and different protein samples are run in one gel by this method. Therefore, 2D-DIGE not only carries the advantages of 2D-PAGE but also eliminates gel-to-gel variation and achieves high resolution, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
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13
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Colnaghi L, Russo L, Natale C, Restelli E, Cagnotto A, Salmona M, Chiesa R, Fioriti L. Super Resolution Microscopy of SUMO Proteins in Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:486. [PMID: 31749687 PMCID: PMC6844275 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed SUMO proteins regulate a plethora of cellular pathways and processes. While they have a predominantly nuclear localization, extranuclear roles of SUMO isoforms at the synapse have also been described, making SUMOylation one of the major post-translational regulators of nerve functions. These findings have however recently been challenged, at least for SUMO1, by the analysis of knock-in mice expressing His6-HA-SUMO1, where the authors failed to detect the protein at the synapse. In the ongoing dispute, the subcellular distribution in neurons of SUMO2/3 and of the E2 SUMO ligase Ubc9 has not been examined. To investigate whether SUMO proteins do or do not localize at the synapse, we studied their localization in hippocampal primary neurons by super resolution microscopy. We found that SUMO1, SUMO2/3, and Ubc9 are primarily nuclear proteins, which also colocalize partially with pre- and post-synaptic markers such as synaptophysin and PSD95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Colnaghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmina Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Restelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Fioriti
- Department of Neuroscience, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Lleó A, Núñez-Llaves R, Alcolea D, Chiva C, Balateu-Paños D, Colom-Cadena M, Gomez-Giro G, Muñoz L, Querol-Vilaseca M, Pegueroles J, Rami L, Lladó A, Molinuevo JL, Tainta M, Clarimón J, Spires-Jones T, Blesa R, Fortea J, Martínez-Lage P, Sánchez-Valle R, Sabidó E, Bayés À, Belbin O. Changes in Synaptic Proteins Precede Neurodegeneration Markers in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:546-560. [PMID: 30606734 PMCID: PMC6398205 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A biomarker of synapse loss, an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology that precedes neuronal death and symptom onset, would be a much-needed prognostic biomarker. With direct access to the brain interstitial fluid, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential source of synapse-derived proteins. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate novel CSF biomarkers of synapse loss in AD. Discovery: Combining shotgun proteomics of the CSF with an exhaustive search of the literature and public databases, we identified 251 synaptic proteins, from which we selected 22 for further study. Verification: Twelve proteins were discarded because of poor detection by Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM). We confirmed the specific expression of 9 of the remaining proteins (Calsynytenin-1, GluR2, GluR4, Neurexin-2A, Neurexin-3A, Neuroligin-2, Syntaxin-1B, Thy-1, Vamp-2) at the human synapse using Array Tomography microscopy and biochemical fractionation methods. Exploration: Using SRM, we monitored these 9 synaptic proteins (20 peptides) in a cohort of CSF from cognitively normal controls and subjects in the pre-clinical and clinical AD stages (n = 80). Compared with controls, peptides from 8 proteins were elevated 1.3 to 1.6-fold (p < 0.04) in prodromal AD patients. Validation: Elevated levels of a GluR4 peptide at the prodromal stage were replicated (1.3-fold, p = 0.04) in an independent cohort (n = 60). Moreover, 7 proteins were reduced at preclinical stage 1 (0.6 to 0.8-fold, p < 0.04), a finding that was replicated (0.7 to 0.8-fold, p < 0.05) for 6 proteins in a third cohort (n = 38). In a cross-cohort meta-analysis, 6 synaptic proteins (Calsyntenin-1, GluR4, Neurexin-2A, Neurexin-3A, Syntaxin-1B and Thy-1) were reduced 0.8-fold (p < 0.05) in preclinical AD, changes that precede clinical symptoms and CSF markers of neurodegeneration. Therefore, these proteins could have clinical value for assessing disease progression, especially in preclinical stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lleó
- From the ‡Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Núñez-Llaves
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- ¶Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- From the ‡Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Chiva
- ‖Proteomics Unit, Center for Genomics Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona
- **University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona
| | | | - Martí Colom-Cadena
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- ¶Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Gomez-Giro
- ¶Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Muñoz
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- ¶Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Querol-Vilaseca
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- ¶Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- ¶Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- ‡‡Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- ‡‡Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Molinuevo
- ‡‡Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Tainta
- §§Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
- ¶¶Servicio de Neurologia, Organización Sanitaria Integrada Goierri-Alto Urola, Osakidetza, Zumárraga, España
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- ¶Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tara Spires-Jones
- ‖‖Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Rafael Blesa
- From the ‡Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- From the ‡Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Lage
- §§Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- ‡‡Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- ‖Proteomics Unit, Center for Genomics Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona
- **University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona
| | - Àlex Bayés
- ***Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- ‡‡‡Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Olivia Belbin
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- ¶Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Wang L, Bing T, Liu Y, Zhang N, Shen L, Liu X, Wang J, Shangguan D. Imaging of Neurite Network with an Anti-L1CAM Aptamer Generated by Neurite-SELEX. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:18066-18073. [PMID: 30485743 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth is the critical step of nervous development. Molecular probes against neurites are essential for evaluation of the nervous system development, compound neurotoxicity, and drug efficacy on nerve regeneration. To obtain a neurite probe, we developed a neurite-SELEX strategy and generated a DNA aptamer, yly12, that strongly binds neurites. The molecular target of yly12 was identified to be neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM), a surface antigen expressed in normal nervous system and various cancers. Here, yly12 was successfully applied to image the three-dimensional network of neurites between live cells, as well as the neurite fibers on normal brain tissue section. This aptamer was also found to have an inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth between cells. Given the advantages of aptamers, yly12 hold great potential as a molecular tool in the field of neuroscientific research. The high efficiency of neurite-SELEX suggests that SELEX against a subcellular structure instead of the whole cells is more effective in obtaining the desired aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Tao Bing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Luyao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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16
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Stigmasterol activates Cdc42-Arp2 and Erk1/2-Creb pathways to enrich glutamatergic synapses in cultures of brain neurons. Nutr Res 2018; 56:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Riga D, Kramvis I, Koskinen MK, van Bokhoven P, van der Harst JE, Heistek TS, Jaap Timmerman A, van Nierop P, van der Schors RC, Pieneman AW, de Weger A, van Mourik Y, Schoffelmeer ANM, Mansvelder HD, Meredith RM, Hoogendijk WJG, Smit AB, Spijker S. Hippocampal extracellular matrix alterations contribute to cognitive impairment associated with a chronic depressive-like state in rats. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/421/eaai8753. [PMID: 29263233 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with depression often suffer from cognitive impairments that contribute to disease burden. We used social defeat-induced persistent stress (SDPS) to induce a depressive-like state in rats and then studied long-lasting memory deficits in the absence of acute stressors in these animals. The SDPS rat model showed reduced short-term object location memory and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the dorsal hippocampus. SDPS animals displayed increased expression of synaptic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the dorsal hippocampus. These effects were abrogated by a 3-week treatment with the antidepressant imipramine starting 8 weeks after the last defeat encounter. Next, we observed an increase in the number of perineuronal nets (PNNs) surrounding parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and a decrease in the frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in the hippocampal CA1 region in SDPS animals. In vivo breakdown of the hippocampus CA1 extracellular matrix by the enzyme chondroitinase ABC administered intracranially restored the number of PNNs, LTP maintenance, hippocampal inhibitory tone, and memory performance on the object place recognition test. Our data reveal a causal link between increased hippocampal extracellular matrix and the cognitive deficits associated with a chronic depressive-like state in rats exposed to SDPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Riga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Kramvis
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maija K Koskinen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Bokhoven
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johanneke E van der Harst
- Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Animal Ecology group Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Jaap Timmerman
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim van Nierop
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel C van der Schors
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Pieneman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk de Weger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvar van Mourik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton N M Schoffelmeer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huib D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rhiannon M Meredith
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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18
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Barinova K, Khomyakova E, Semenyuk P, Schmalhausen E, Muronetz V. Binding of alpha-synuclein to partially oxidized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase induces subsequent inactivation of the enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 642:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Xu S, Nigam SM, Brodin L. Overexpression of SNX3 Decreases Amyloid-β Peptide Production by Reducing Internalization of Amyloid Precursor Protein. NEURODEGENER DIS 2018; 18:26-37. [PMID: 29414832 DOI: 10.1159/000486199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorting nexins (SNXs) have diverse functions in protein sorting and membrane trafficking. Recently, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SNX3 were found to be associated with Alzheimer disease. However, it remains unknown whether SNX3 participates in amyloid (A)β peptide production. OBJECTIVE To examine the role of SNX3 in Aβ production and APP processing. METHODS The effect of increased expression of SNX3 was studied in HEK293T cells. Aβ peptides were measured by immunoassay. Protein-protein association was analyzed by a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. APP uptake was measured with an α-bungarotoxin-binding assay, and flow cytometry was used to measure cell surface APP levels. RESULTS We found that overexpression of SNX3 in HEK293T cells decreases the levels of secreted Aβ and soluble N-terminal APP fragments (sAPPβ). The reduction correlated with a decreased association of APP with BACE1, as revealed by BiFC. This effect may, in part, be explained by a reduced internalization of APP; SNX3 overexpression reduced APP internalization as determined by an α-bungarotoxin-binding assay, and caused increased APP levels on the cell surface, as shown by flow cytometry. In addition, SNX3 overexpression increased the cellular levels of full-length APP. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that SNX3 regulates Aβ production by influencing the internalization of APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saket M Nigam
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lennart Brodin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Roy M, Sorokina O, Skene N, Simonnet C, Mazzo F, Zwart R, Sher E, Smith C, Armstrong JD, Grant SGN. Proteomic analysis of postsynaptic proteins in regions of the human neocortex. Nat Neurosci 2017; 21:130-138. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Pandya NJ, Koopmans F, Slotman JA, Paliukhovich I, Houtsmuller AB, Smit AB, Li KW. Correlation profiling of brain sub-cellular proteomes reveals co-assembly of synaptic proteins and subcellular distribution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12107. [PMID: 28935861 PMCID: PMC5608747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein correlation profiling might assist in defining co-assembled proteins and subcellular distribution. Here, we quantified the proteomes of five biochemically isolated mouse brain cellular sub-fractions, with emphasis on synaptic compartments, from three brain regions, hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum. We demonstrated the expected co-fractionation of canonical synaptic proteins belonging to the same functional groups. The enrichment profiles also suggested the presence of many novel pre- and post-synaptic proteins. Using super-resolution microscopy on primary neuronal culture we confirmed the postsynaptic localization of PLEKHA5 and ADGRA1. We further detected profound brain region specific differences in the extent of enrichment for some functionally associated proteins. This is exemplified by different AMPA receptor subunits and substantial differences in sub-fraction distribution of their potential interactors, which implicated the differences of AMPA receptor complex compositions. This resource aids the identification of proteins partners and subcellular distribution of synaptic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil J Pandya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Koopmans
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iryna Paliukhovich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Bhuiyan MMH, Haque MN, Mohibbullah M, Kim YK, Moon IS. Radix Puerariae modulates glutamatergic synaptic architecture and potentiates functional synaptic plasticity in primary hippocampal neurons. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:100-107. [PMID: 28734961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neurologic disorders are frequently characterized by synaptic pathology, including abnormal density and morphology of dendritic spines, synapse loss, and aberrant synaptic signaling and plasticity. Therefore, to promote and/or protect synapses by the use of natural molecules capable of modulating neurodevelopmental events, such as, spinogenesis and synaptic plasticity, could offer a preventive and curative strategy for nervous disorders associated with synaptic pathology. Radix Puerariae, the root of Pueraria monatana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa&Pradeep, is a Chinese ethnomedicine, traditionally used for the treatment of memory-related nervous disorders including Alzheimer's disease. In the previous study, we showed that the ethanolic extracts of Radix Puerariae (RPE) and its prime constituent, puerarin induced neuritogenesis and synapse formation in cultured hippocampal neurons, and thus could improve memory functions. AIMS OF THE STUDY In the present study, we specifically investigated the abilities of RPE and puerarin to improve memory-related brain disorders through modulating synaptic maturation and functional potentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat embryonic (E19) brain neurons were cultured in the absence or presence of RPE or puerarin. At predetermined times, cells were live-stained with DiO or fixed and immunostained to visualize neuronal morphologies, or lysed for protein harvesting. Morphometric analyses of dendritic spines and synaptogenesis were performed using Image J software. Functional pre- and postsynaptic plasticity was measured by FM1-43 staining and whole-cell patch clamping, respectively. RPE or puerarin-mediated changes in actin-related protein 2 were assessed by Western blotting. Neuronal survivals were measured using propidium iodide exclusion assay. RESULTS RPE and puerarin both: (1) promoted a significant increase in the numbers, and maturation, of dendritic spines; (2) modulated the formation of glutamatergic synapses; (3) potentiated synaptic transmission by increasing the sizes of reserve vesicle pools at presynaptic terminals; (4) enhanced NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents, and (5) increased cell viability against naturally occurring cell death. Moreover, upregulation of actin-related protein 2 (ARP2) in RPE and puerarin treated brain neurons suggest that RPE and puerarin induced synaptic plasticity might be associated, at least in part, with ARP2-mediated actin-dependent regulation of spinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that RPE and puerarin might play a substantial role in the morphological and functional maturation of brain neurons and suggest that RPE and puerarin are potentially valuable preventative therapeutics for memory-related nervous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Nazmul Haque
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Mohibbullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Namku, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Kyu Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea.
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23
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McQueen J, Ryan TJ, McKay S, Marwick K, Baxter P, Carpanini SM, Wishart TM, Gillingwater TH, Manson JC, Wyllie DJA, Grant SGN, McColl BW, Komiyama NH, Hardingham GE. Pro-death NMDA receptor signaling is promoted by the GluN2B C-terminus independently of Dapk1. eLife 2017; 6:e17161. [PMID: 28731405 PMCID: PMC5544426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity contributes to several neurological disorders, but direct antagonism is poorly tolerated therapeutically. The GluN2B cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (CTD) represents an alternative therapeutic target since it potentiates excitotoxic signaling. The key GluN2B CTD-centred event in excitotoxicity is proposed to involve its phosphorylation at Ser-1303 by Dapk1, that is blocked by a neuroprotective cell-permeable peptide mimetic of the region. Contrary to this model, we find that excitotoxicity can proceed without increased Ser-1303 phosphorylation, and is unaffected by Dapk1 deficiency in vitro or following ischemia in vivo. Pharmacological analysis of the aforementioned neuroprotective peptide revealed that it acts in a sequence-independent manner as an open-channel NMDAR antagonist at or near the Mg2+ site, due to its high net positive charge. Thus, GluN2B-driven excitotoxic signaling can proceed independently of Dapk1 or altered Ser-1303 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McQueen
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sean McKay
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Marwick
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Baxter
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah M Carpanini
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Wishart
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jean C Manson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J A Wyllie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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24
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Baucum AJ. Proteomic Analysis of Postsynaptic Protein Complexes Underlying Neuronal Plasticity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:689-701. [PMID: 28211672 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity at glutamatergic synapses requires dynamic regulation of postsynaptic molecules. Protein expression and protein post-translational modifications regulate protein interactions that underlie this organization. In this Review, we highlight data obtained over the last 20 years that have used qualitative and quantitative proteomics-based approaches to identify postsynaptic protein complexes. Herein, we describe how these proteomics studies have helped lay the foundation for understanding synaptic physiology and perturbations in synaptic signaling observed in different pathologies. We also describe emerging technologies that can be useful in these analyses. We focus on protein complexes associated with the highly abundant and functionally critical proteins: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, the N-methyl-d-aspartate, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors, and postsynaptic density protein of 95 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Baucum
- Department of Biology, Stark Neurosciences
Research Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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25
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Shao G, Wang Y, Guan S, Burlingame AL, Lu F, Knox R, Ferriero DM, Jiang X. Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Cortex Postsynaptic Density following Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia. Dev Neurosci 2017; 39:66-81. [PMID: 28315865 PMCID: PMC5519436 DOI: 10.1159/000456030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics of the synapses and postsynaptic densities (PSDs) have provided a deep understanding of protein composition and signal networks in the adult brain, which underlie neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the architecture and organization of PSDs in the immature brain, and how it is modified by brain injury in an early developing stage. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis was performed on PSDs prepared from cortices of postnatal day 9 naïve mice or pups which had suffered hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. 512 proteins of different functional groups were identified from PSDs collected 1 h after HI injury, among which 60 have not been reported previously. Seven newly identified proteins involved in neural development were highlighted. HI injury increased the yield of PSDs at early time points upon reperfusion, and multiple proteins were recruited into PSDs following the insult. Quantitative analysis was performed using spectral counting, and proteins whose relative expression was more than 50% up- or downregulated compared to the sham animals 1 h after HI insult were reported. Validation with Western blotting demonstrated changes in expression and phosphorylation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, activation of a series of postsynaptic protein kinases and dysregulation of scaffold and adaptor proteins in response to neonatal HI insult. This work, along with other recent studies of synaptic protein profiling in the immature brain, builds a foundation for future investigation on the molecular mechanisms underlying developing plasticity. Furthermore, it provides insights into the biochemical changes of PSDs following early brain hypoxia-ischemia, which is helpful for understanding not only the injury mechanisms, but also the process of repair or replenishment of neuronal circuits during recovery from brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Shao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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26
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Alexander GM, Huang YZ, Soderblom EJ, He XP, Moseley MA, McNamara JO. Vagal nerve stimulation modifies neuronal activity and the proteome of excitatory synapses of amygdala/piriform cortex. J Neurochem 2017; 140:629-644. [PMID: 27973753 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Therapy® is a United States Food and Drug Administration approved neurotherapeutic for medically refractory partial epilepsy and treatment-resistant depression. The molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are unclear. We hypothesized that one mechanism involves neuronal activity-dependent modifications of central nervous system excitatory synapses. To begin to test this hypothesis, we asked whether VNS modifies the activity of neurons in amygdala and hippocampus. Neuronal recordings from adult, freely moving rats revealed that activity in both amygdala and hippocampus was modified by VNS immediately after its application, and changes were detected following 1 week of stimulation. To investigate whether VNS modifies the proteome of excitatory synapses, we established a label-free, quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry workflow that enables global analysis of the constituents of the postsynaptic density (PSD) proteome. PSD proteins were biochemically purified from amygdala/piriform cortex of VNS- or dummy-treated rats following 1-week stimulation, and individual PSD protein levels were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. We identified 1899 unique peptides corresponding to 425 proteins in PSD fractions, of which expression levels of 22 proteins were differentially regulated by VNS with changes greater than 150%. Changes in a subset of these proteins, including significantly increased expression of neurexin-1α, cadherin 13 and voltage-dependent calcium channel α2δ1, the primary target of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin, and decreased expression of voltage-dependent calcium channel γ3, were confirmed by western blot analysis of PSD samples. These results demonstrate that VNS modulates excitatory synapses through regulating a subset of the PSD proteome. Our study reveals molecular targets of VNS and point to possible mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects, including activity-dependent formation of excitatory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Alexander
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yang Zhong Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Duke Proteomics Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiao-Ping He
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James O McNamara
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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27
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Schreiner D, Savas JN, Herzog E, Brose N, de Wit J. Synapse biology in the 'circuit-age'-paths toward molecular connectomics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 42:102-110. [PMID: 28033531 PMCID: PMC5316339 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The neural connectome is a critical determinant of brain function. Circuits of precisely wired neurons, and the features of transmission at the synapses connecting them, are thought to dictate information processing in the brain. While recent technological advances now allow to define the anatomical and functional neural connectome at unprecedented resolution, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that establish the precise patterns of connectivity and the functional characteristics of synapses has remained challenging. Here, we describe the power and limitations of genetic approaches in the analysis of mechanisms that control synaptic connectivity and function, and discuss how recent methodological developments in proteomics might be used to elucidate the molecular synaptic connectome that is at the basis of the neural connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Schreiner
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 50-70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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28
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Chen J, Zhan L, Lu X, Xiao C, Sun N. The Alteration of ZiBuPiYin Recipe on Proteomic Profiling of Forebrain Postsynaptic Density of db/db Mice with Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:471-489. [PMID: 27886008 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chi Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Nijing Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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29
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Gonzalez-Lozano MA, Klemmer P, Gebuis T, Hassan C, van Nierop P, van Kesteren RE, Smit AB, Li KW. Dynamics of the mouse brain cortical synaptic proteome during postnatal brain development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35456. [PMID: 27748445 PMCID: PMC5066275 DOI: 10.1038/srep35456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the brain involves the formation and maturation of numerous synapses. This process requires prominent changes of the synaptic proteome and potentially involves thousands of different proteins at every synapse. To date the proteome analysis of synapse development has been studied sparsely. Here, we analyzed the cortical synaptic membrane proteome of juvenile postnatal days 9 (P9), P15, P21, P27, adolescent (P35) and different adult ages P70, P140 and P280 of C57Bl6/J mice. Using a quantitative proteomics workflow we quantified 1560 proteins of which 696 showed statistically significant differences over time. Synaptic proteins generally showed increased levels during maturation, whereas proteins involved in protein synthesis generally decreased in abundance. In several cases, proteins from a single functional molecular entity, e.g., subunits of the NMDA receptor, showed differences in their temporal regulation, which may reflect specific synaptic development features of connectivity, strength and plasticity. SNARE proteins, Snap 29/47 and Stx 7/8/12, showed higher expression in immature animals. Finally, we evaluated the function of Cxadr that showed high expression levels at P9 and a fast decline in expression during neuronal development. Knock down of the expression of Cxadr in cultured primary mouse neurons revealed a significant decrease in synapse density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gonzalez-Lozano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics &Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Klemmer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics &Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Titia Gebuis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics &Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chopie Hassan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Nierop
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics &Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics &Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics &Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics &Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Compans B, Choquet D, Hosy E. Review on the role of AMPA receptor nano-organization and dynamic in the properties of synaptic transmission. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016; 3:041811. [PMID: 27981061 PMCID: PMC5109202 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.4.041811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor trafficking and its regulation have appeared in the last two decades to be a major controller of basal synaptic transmission and its activity-dependent plasticity. More recently, considerable advances in super-resolution microscopy have begun deciphering the subdiffraction organization of synaptic elements and their functional roles. In particular, the dynamic nanoscale organization of neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic membrane has recently been suggested to play a major role in various aspects of synapstic function. We here review the recent advances in our understanding of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-méthyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid subtype glutamate receptors subsynaptic organization and their role in short- and long-term synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Compans
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux F-33000, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux F-33000, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux F-33000, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, France
| | - Eric Hosy
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux F-33000, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux F-33000, France
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31
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Dieterich DC, Kreutz MR. Proteomics of the Synapse--A Quantitative Approach to Neuronal Plasticity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:368-81. [PMID: 26307175 PMCID: PMC4739661 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r115.051482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in mass spectrometry based proteomics in the past 15 years have contributed to a deeper appreciation of protein networks and the composition of functional synaptic protein complexes. However, research on protein dynamics underlying core mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in brain lag far behind. In this review, we provide a synopsis on proteomic research addressing various aspects of synaptic function. We discuss the major topics in the study of protein dynamics of the chemical synapse and the limitations of current methodology. We highlight recent developments and the future importance of multidimensional proteomics and metabolic labeling. Finally, emphasis is given on the conceptual framework of modern proteomics and its current shortcomings in the quest to gain a deeper understanding of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Dieterich
- From the ‡Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Research Group Neuralomics, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany; ¶Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- §RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; ¶Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
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32
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de Leeuw C, Goudriaan A, Smit AB, Yu D, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Verheijen MHG, Posthuma D. Involvement of astrocyte metabolic coupling in Tourette syndrome pathogenesis. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1519-22. [PMID: 25735483 PMCID: PMC4613465 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder whose pathophysiology remains unknown. Recent genome-wide association studies suggest that it is a polygenic disorder influenced by many genes of small effect. We tested whether these genes cluster in cellular function by applying gene-set analysis using expert curated sets of brain-expressed genes in the current largest available Tourette syndrome genome-wide association data set, involving 1285 cases and 4964 controls. The gene sets included specific synaptic, astrocytic, oligodendrocyte and microglial functions. We report association of Tourette syndrome with a set of genes involved in astrocyte function, specifically in astrocyte carbohydrate metabolism. This association is driven primarily by a subset of 33 genes involved in glycolysis and glutamate metabolism through which astrocytes support synaptic function. Our results indicate for the first time that the process of astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling may be an important contributor to Tourette syndrome pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Goudriaan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carol A Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremiah M Scharf
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark H G Verheijen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Sophia Child Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Electron tomographic structure and protein composition of isolated rat cerebellar, hippocampal and cortical postsynaptic densities. Neuroscience 2015. [PMID: 26215919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electron tomography and immunogold labeling were used to analyze similarities and differences in the morphology and protein composition of postsynaptic densities (PSDs) isolated from adult rat cerebella, hippocampi, and cortices. There were similarities in physical dimensions and gross morphology between cortical, hippocampal and most cerebellar PSDs, although the morphology among cerebellar PSDs could be categorized into three distinct groups. The majority of cerebellar PSDs were composed of dense regions of protein, similar to cortical and hippocampal PSDs, while others were either composed of granular or lattice-like protein regions. Significant differences were found in protein composition and organization across PSDs from the different brain regions. The signaling protein, βCaMKII, was found to be a major component of each PSD type and was more abundant than αCaMKII in both hippocampal and cerebellar PSDs. The scaffold molecule PSD-95, a major component of cortical PSDs, was found absent in a fraction of cerebellar PSDs and when present was clustered in its distribution. In contrast, immunogold labeling for the proteasome was significantly more abundant in cerebellar and hippocampal PSDs than cortical PSDs. Together, these results indicate that PSDs exhibit remarkable diversity in their composition and morphology, presumably as a reflection of the unique functional demands placed on different synapses.
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34
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Merlo L, Cimino F, Angileri FF, La Torre D, Conti A, Cardali SM, Saija A, Germanò A. Alteration in synaptic junction proteins following traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2015; 31:1375-85. [PMID: 24661152 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research and scientific efforts have been focused on the elucidation of the pathobiology of cellular and axonal damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Conversely, few studies have specifically addressed the issue of synaptic dysfunction. Synaptic junction proteins may be involved in post-TBI alterations, leading to synaptic loss or disrupted plasticity. A Synapse Protein Database on synapse ontology identified 109 domains implicated in synaptic activities and over 5000 proteins, but few of these demonstrated to play a role in the synaptic dysfunction after TBI. These proteins are involved in neuroplasticity and neuromodulation and, most importantly, may be used as novel neuronal markers of TBI for specific intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Merlo
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
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35
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Lenselink AM, Rotaru DC, Li KW, van Nierop P, Rao-Ruiz P, Loos M, van der Schors R, Gouwenberg Y, Wortel J, Mansvelder HD, Smit AB, Spijker S. Strain Differences in Presynaptic Function: PROTEOMICS, ULTRASTRUCTURE, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPSES IN DBA/2J AND C57Bl/6J MICE. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15635-15645. [PMID: 25911096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The inbred strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J (DBA) display striking differences in a number of behavioral tasks depending on hippocampal function, such as contextual memory. Historically, this has been explained through differences in postsynaptic protein expression underlying synaptic transmission and plasticity. We measured the synaptic hippocampal protein content (iTRAQ (Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation) and mass spectrometry), CA1 synapse ultrastructural morphology, and synaptic functioning in adult C57BL/6J and DBA mice. DBA mice showed a prominent decrease in the Ras-GAP calcium-sensing protein RASAL1. Furthermore, expression of several presynaptic markers involved in exocytosis, such as syntaxin (Stx1b), Ras-related proteins (Rab3a/c), and rabphilin (Rph3a), was reduced. Ultrastructural analysis of CA1 hippocampal synapses showed a significantly lower number of synaptic vesicles and presynaptic cluster size in DBA mice, without changes in postsynaptic density or active zone. In line with this compromised presynaptic morphological and molecular phenotype in DBA mice, we found significantly lower paired-pulse facilitation and enhanced short term depression of glutamatergic synapses, indicating a difference in transmitter release and/or refilling mechanisms. Taken together, our data suggest that in addition to strain-specific postsynaptic differences, the change in dynamic properties of presynaptic transmitter release may underlie compromised synaptic processing related to cognitive functioning in DBA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mariette Lenselink
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana C Rotaru
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Nierop
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Priyanka Rao-Ruiz
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Loos
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel van der Schors
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Gouwenberg
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Wortel
- Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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Reichenbach N, Herrmann U, Kähne T, Schicknick H, Pielot R, Naumann M, Dieterich DC, Gundelfinger ED, Smalla KH, Tischmeyer W. Differential effects of dopamine signalling on long-term memory formation and consolidation in rodent brain. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:13. [PMID: 25852303 PMCID: PMC4387680 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using auditory discrimination learning in gerbils, we have previously shown that activation of auditory-cortical D1/D5 dopamine receptors facilitates mTOR-mediated, protein synthesis-dependent mechanisms of memory consolidation and anterograde memory formation. To understand molecular mechanisms of this facilitatory effect, we tested the impact of local pharmacological activation of different D1/D5 dopamine receptor signalling modes in the auditory cortex. To this end, protein patterns in soluble and synaptic protein-enriched fractions from cortical, hippocampal and striatal brain regions of ligand- and vehicle-treated gerbils were analysed by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry 24 h after intervention. Results After auditory-cortical injection of SKF38393 – a D1/D5 dopamine receptor-selective agonist reported to activate the downstream effectors adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C – prominent proteomic alterations compared to vehicle-treated controls appeared in the auditory cortex, striatum, and hippocampus, whereas only minor changes were detectable in the frontal cortex. In contrast, auditory-cortical injection of SKF83959 – a D1/D5 agonist reported to preferentially stimulate phospholipase C – induced pronounced changes in the frontal cortex. At the molecular level, we detected altered regulation of cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins, changes in proteins with functions in energy metabolism, local protein synthesis, and synaptic signalling. Interestingly, abundance and/or subcellular localisation of the predominantly presynaptic protein α-synuclein displayed dopaminergic regulation. To assess the role of α-synuclein for dopaminergic mechanisms of memory modulation, we tested the impact of post-conditioning systemic pharmacological activation of different D1/D5 dopamine receptor signalling modes on auditory discrimination learning in α-synuclein-mutant mice. In C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice, bearing a spontaneous deletion of the α-synuclein-encoding gene, but not in the related substrains C57BL/6JCrl and C57BL/6JRccHsd, adenylyl cyclase-mediated signalling affected acquisition rates over future learning episodes, whereas phospholipase C-mediated signalling affected final memory performance. Conclusions Dopamine signalling modes via D1/D5 receptors in the auditory cortex differentially impact protein profiles related to rearrangement of cytomatrices, energy metabolism, and synaptic neurotransmission in cortical, hippocampal, and basal brain structures. Altered dopamine neurotransmission in α-synuclein-deficient mice revealed that distinct D1/D5 receptor signalling modes may control different aspects of memory consolidation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-015-0069-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Reichenbach
- Special Lab Molecular Biological Techniques, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118 Germany ; Present address: Research Group Neurovascular Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, Bonn, 53175 Germany
| | - Ulrike Herrmann
- Special Lab Molecular Biological Techniques, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118 Germany ; Present address: Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106 Germany
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120 Germany
| | - Horst Schicknick
- Special Lab Molecular Biological Techniques, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118 Germany
| | - Rainer Pielot
- Department Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118 Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120 Germany
| | - Daniela C Dieterich
- Research Group Neuralomics, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118 Germany ; Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120 Germany ; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, 39106 Germany
| | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Department Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118 Germany ; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, 39106 Germany ; Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120 Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Smalla
- Special Lab Molecular Biological Techniques, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118 Germany ; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, 39106 Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tischmeyer
- Special Lab Molecular Biological Techniques, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118 Germany ; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, 39106 Germany
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37
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Pocklington AJ, O'Donovan M, Owen MJ. The synapse in schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1059-67. [PMID: 24712986 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been several decades since synaptic dysfunction was first suggested to play a role in schizophrenia, but only in the last few years has convincing evidence been obtained as progress has been made in elucidating the genetic underpinnings of the disorder. In the intervening years much has been learned concerning the complex macromolecular structure of the synapse itself, and genetic studies are now beginning to draw upon these advances. Here we outline our current understanding of the genetic architecture of schizophrenia and examine the evidence for synaptic involvement. A strong case can now be made that disruption of glutamatergic signalling pathways regulating synaptic plasticity contributes to the aetiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Pocklington
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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38
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Carney KE, Milanese M, van Nierop P, Li KW, Oliet SHR, Smit AB, Bonanno G, Verheijen MHG. Proteomic analysis of gliosomes from mouse brain: identification and investigation of glial membrane proteins. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5918-27. [PMID: 25308431 DOI: 10.1021/pr500829z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are being increasingly recognized as crucial contributors to neuronal function at synapses, axons, and somas. Reliable methods that can provide insight into astrocyte proteins at the neuron-astrocyte functional interface are highly desirable. Here, we conducted a mass spectrometry analysis of Percoll gradient-isolated gliosomes, a viable preparation of glial subcellular particles often used to study mechanisms of astrocytic transmitter uptake and release and their regulation. Gliosomes were compared with synaptosomes, a preparation containing the neurotransmitter release machinery, and, accordingly, synaptosomes were enriched for proteins involved in synaptic vesicle-mediated transport. Interestingly, gliosome preparations were found to be enriched for different classes of known astrocyte proteins, such as VAMP3 (involved in astrocyte exocytosis), Ezrin (perisynaptic astrocyte cytoskeletal protein), and Basigin (astrocyte membrane glycoprotein), as well as for G-protein-mediated signaling proteins. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD001375. Together, these data provide the first detailed description of the gliosome proteome and show that gliosomes can be a useful preparation to study glial membrane proteins and associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Carney
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chua JJE. Macromolecular complexes at active zones: integrated nano-machineries for neurotransmitter release. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3903-16. [PMID: 24912984 PMCID: PMC11113288 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles exocytosing at presynaptic nerve terminals is a critical event in the initiation of synaptic transmission. This event occurs at specialized sites known as active zones. The task of faithfully executing various steps in the process is undertaken by careful orchestration of overlapping sets of molecular nano-machineries upon a core macromolecular scaffold situated at active zones. However, their composition remains incompletely elucidated. This review provides an overview of the role of the active zone in mediating neurotransmitter release and summarizes the recent progress using neuroproteomic approaches to decipher their composition. Key proteins of these nano-machineries are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jia En Chua
- Department of Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany,
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40
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Kang Y, Ge Y, Cassidy RM, Lam V, Luo L, Moon KM, Lewis R, Molday RS, Wong ROL, Foster LJ, Craig AM. A combined transgenic proteomic analysis and regulated trafficking of neuroligin-2. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29350-64. [PMID: 25190809 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses, the basic units of communication in the brain, require complex molecular machinery for neurotransmitter release and reception. Whereas numerous components of excitatory postsynaptic sites have been identified, relatively few proteins are known that function at inhibitory postsynaptic sites. One such component is neuroligin-2 (NL2), an inhibitory synapse-specific cell surface protein that functions in cell adhesion and synaptic organization via binding to neurexins. In this study, we used a transgenic tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry strategy to isolate and characterize NL2-associated complexes. Complexes purified from brains of transgenic His6-FLAG-YFP-NL2 mice showed enrichment in the Gene Ontology terms cell-cell signaling and synaptic transmission relative to complexes purified from wild type mice as a negative control. In addition to expected components including GABA receptor subunits and gephyrin, several novel proteins were isolated in association with NL2. Based on the presence of multiple components involved in trafficking and endocytosis, we showed that NL2 undergoes dynamin-dependent endocytosis in response to soluble ligand and colocalizes with VPS35 retromer in endosomes. Inhibitory synapses in brain also present a particular challenge for imaging. Whereas excitatory synapses on spines can be imaged with a fluorescent cell fill, inhibitory synapses require a molecular tag. We find the His6-FLAG-YFP-NL2 to be a suitable tag, with the unamplified YFP signal localizing appropriately to inhibitory synapses in multiple brain regions including cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and basal ganglia. Altogether, we characterize NL2-associated complexes, demonstrate regulated trafficking of NL2, and provide tools for further proteomic and imaging studies of inhibitory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhee Kang
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Yuan Ge
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Robert M Cassidy
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Vivian Lam
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Lin Luo
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for High-throughput Biology and
| | - Renate Lewis
- the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Robert S Molday
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Macular Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rachel O L Wong
- the Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Leonard J Foster
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for High-throughput Biology and
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada,
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41
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Zhao L, Sakagami H, Suzuki T. Detergent-dependent separation of postsynaptic density, membrane rafts and other subsynaptic structures from the synaptic plasma membrane of rat forebrain. J Neurochem 2014; 131:147-62. [PMID: 24985044 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We systematically investigated the purification process of post-synaptic density (PSD) and post-synaptic membrane rafts (PSRs) from the rat forebrain synaptic plasma membranes by examining the components and the structures of the materials obtained after the treatment of synaptic plasma membranes with TX-100, n-octyl β-d-glucoside (OG) or 3-([3-cholamidopropyl]dimethylammonio)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPSO). These three detergents exhibited distinct separation profiles for the synaptic subdomains. Type I and type II PSD proteins displayed mutually exclusive distribution. After TX-100 treatment, type I PSD was recovered in two fractions: a pellet and an insoluble fraction 8, which contained partially broken PSD-PSR complexes. Conventional PSD was suggested to be a mixture of these two PSD pools and did not contain type II PSD. An association of type I PSD with PSRs was identified in the TX-100 treatment, and those with type II PSD in the OG and CHAPSO treatments. An association of GABA receptors with gephyrin was easily dissociated. OG at a high concentration solubilized the type I PSD proteins. CHAPSO treatment resulted in a variety of distinct fractions, which contained certain novel structures. Two different pools of GluA, either PSD or possibly raft-associated, were identified in the OG and CHAPSO treatments. These results are useful in advancing our understanding of the structural organization of synapses at the molecular level. We systematically investigated the purification process of post-synaptic density (PSD) and synaptic membrane rafts by examining the structures obtained after treatment of the SPMs with TX-100, n-octyl β-d-glucoside or CHAPSO. Differential distribution of type I and type II PSD, synaptic membrane rafts, and other novel subdomains in the SPM give clues to understand the structural organization of synapses at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiYing Zhao
- Department of Neuroplasticity, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University Academic Assembly, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suzuki
- Department of Neuroplasticity, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University Academic Assembly, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences for Intractable Neurological Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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42
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Laßek M, Weingarten J, Volknandt W. The synaptic proteome. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:255-65. [PMID: 25038742 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are focal hot spots for signal transduction and plasticity in the brain. A synapse comprises an axon terminus, the presynapse, the synaptic cleft containing extracellular matrix proteins as well as adhesion molecules, and the postsynaptic density as target structure for chemical signaling. The proteomes of the presynaptic and postsynaptic active zones control neurotransmitter release and perception. These tasks demand short- and long-term structural and functional dynamics of the synapse mediated by its proteinaceous inventory. This review addresses subcellular fractionation protocols and the related proteomic approaches to the various synaptic subcompartments with an emphasis on the presynaptic active zone (PAZ). Furthermore, it discusses major constituents of the PAZ including the amyloid precursor protein family members. Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the pre- and postsynapse. The identification of protein candidates of the synapse provides the basis for further analyzing the interaction of synaptic proteins with their targets, and the effect of their deletion opens novel insights into the functional role of these proteins in neuronal communication. The knowledge of the molecular interactome is also a prerequisite for understanding numerous neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Laßek
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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43
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Betke KM, Rose KL, Friedman DB, Baucum AJ, Hyde K, Schey KL, Hamm HE. Differential localization of G protein βγ subunits. Biochemistry 2014; 53:2329-43. [PMID: 24568373 PMCID: PMC4004276 DOI: 10.1021/bi500091p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein βγ subunits play essential roles in regulating cellular signaling cascades, yet little is known about their distribution in tissues or their subcellular localization. While previous studies have suggested specific isoforms may exhibit a wide range of distributions throughout the central nervous system, a thorough investigation of the expression patterns of both Gβ and Gγ isoforms within subcellular fractions has not been conducted. To address this, we applied a targeted proteomics approach known as multiple-reaction monitoring to analyze localization patterns of Gβ and Gγ isoforms in pre- and postsynaptic fractions isolated from cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and striatum. Particular Gβ and Gγ subunits were found to exhibit distinct regional and subcellular localization patterns throughout the brain. Significant differences in subcellular localization between pre- and postsynaptic fractions were observed within the striatum for most Gβ and Gγ isoforms, while others exhibited completely unique expression patterns in all four brain regions examined. Such differences are a prerequisite for understanding roles of individual subunits in regulating specific signaling pathways throughout the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Betke
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Mass Spectrometry Research Center, §Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and ∥Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
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44
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Li KW, Jimenez CR. Synapse proteomics: current status and quantitative applications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 5:353-60. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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45
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Stockton SD, Devi LA. An integrated quantitative proteomics and systems biology approach to explore synaptic protein profile changes during morphine exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:88-103. [PMID: 24045585 PMCID: PMC3857660 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is a classic analgesic for the treatment of chronic pain. However, its repeated use is known to produce tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction; these properties limit its long-term therapeutic use and this has led to a quest for therapeutics without these unwanted side effects. Understanding the molecular changes in response to long-term use of morphine is likely to aid in the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of pain. Studies examining the effects of chronic morphine administration have reported alterations in gene expression, synapse morphology, and synaptic transmission implying changes in synaptic protein profile. To fully understand the changes in protein profiles, proteomic techniques have been used. Studies using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of various brain regions combined with mass spectrometry have found alterations in the levels of a number of proteins. However, neither the changes in brain regions relevant to morphine effects nor changes in the abundance of synaptic proteins have been clearly delineated. Recent studies employing subcellular fractionation to isolate the striatal synapse, combined with quantitative proteomics and graph theory-inspired network analyses, have begun to quantify morphine-regulated changes in synaptic proteins and facilitate the generation of networks that could serve as targets for the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of chronic pain. Thus, an integrated quantitative proteomics and systems biology approach can be useful to identify novel targets for the treatment of pain and other disorders of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Stockton
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Abstract
A protocol for protein analysis using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) is described. 2D-DIGE is one of the most popular and versatile methods of protein separation among rapidly increasing proteomics technologies. Similar to traditional two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), the proteins are separated based on their charges and molecular weight by 2D-DIGE. Different from 2D-PAGE, proteins are pre-labeled with different fluorescent and different protein samples are run in one gel by this method. Therefore, 2D-DIGE not only carries the advantages of 2D-PAGE but also eliminates gel-to-gel variation and achieves high resolution, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
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47
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Xiong L, Wen Y, Miao X, Yang Z. NT5E and FcGBP as key regulators of TGF-1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are associated with tumor progression and survival of patients with gallbladder cancer. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:365-74. [PMID: 24310606 PMCID: PMC3921456 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) are essential manifestations of epithelial cell plasticity during tumor progression. Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) modulates epithelial plasticity in tumor physiological contexts by inducing EMT, which is associated with the altered expression of genes. In the present study, we used DNA micro-array analysis to search for differentially expressed genes in the TGF-β1 induced gallbladder carcinoma cell line (GBC-SD cells), as compared with normal GBC-SD cells. We identified 225 differentially expressed genes, including 144 that were over-expressed and 81 that were under-expressed in the TGF-β1 induced GBC-SD cells. NT5E (CD73) is the most increased gene, while the Fc fragment of the IgG binding protein (FcGBP) is the most decreased gene. The expression patterns of these two genes in gallbladder adenocarcinoma and chronic cholecystitis tissue were consistent with the micro-array data. Immunochemistry and clinicopathological results showed that the expression of NT5E and FcGBP in gallbladder adenocarcinoma is an independent marker for evaluation of the disease progression, clinical biological behaviors and prognosis. The data from the current study indicate that differential NT5E and FcGBP expressions could be further evaluated as biomarkers for predicting survival of patients with gallbladder cancer and that NT5E and FcGBP could be promising targets in the control of gallbladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Effect of Chronic Morphine Consumption on Synaptic Plasticity of Rat's Hippocampus: A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study. Neurol Res Int 2013; 2013:290414. [PMID: 24379975 PMCID: PMC3863539 DOI: 10.1155/2013/290414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the synapses undergo some changes in the brain during the course of normal life and under certain pathological or experimental circumstances. One of the main goals of numerous researchers has been to find the reasons for these structural changes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic morphine consumption on synaptic plasticity, postsynaptic density thickness, and synaptic curvatures of hippocampus CA1 area of rats. So for reaching these goals, 24 N-Mary male rats were randomly divided into three groups, morphine (n = 8), placebo (n = 8), and control (n = 8) groups. In the morphine group, complex of morphine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) mg/mL and in the placebo (sucrose) group complex of sucrose (% 0.3) were used for 21 days. After the end of drug treatment the animals were scarified and perfused intracardinally and finally the CA1 hippocampal samples were taken for ultrastructural studies, and then the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS and one-way analysis of variance. Our data indicated that synaptic numbers per nm(3) change significantly in morphine group compared to the other two groups (placebo and control) (P < 0.001) and also statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between groups in terms of thickness of postsynaptic density (P < 0.001) and synaptic curvature (P < 0.007). It seems that morphine dependence in rats plays a main role in the ultrastructural changes of hippocampus.
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49
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Pozniak CD, Sengupta Ghosh A, Gogineni A, Hanson JE, Lee SH, Larson JL, Solanoy H, Bustos D, Li H, Ngu H, Jubb AM, Ayalon G, Wu J, Scearce-Levie K, Zhou Q, Weimer RM, Kirkpatrick DS, Lewcock JW. Dual leucine zipper kinase is required for excitotoxicity-induced neuronal degeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2553-67. [PMID: 24166713 PMCID: PMC3832926 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss of dual leucine zipper kinase results in attenuated JNK/c-Jun stress response pathway activation and reduced neuronal degeneration after kainic acid–induced excitotoxic seizures. Excessive glutamate signaling is thought to underlie neurodegeneration in multiple contexts, yet the pro-degenerative signaling pathways downstream of glutamate receptor activation are not well defined. We show that dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) is essential for excitotoxicity-induced degeneration of neurons in vivo. In mature neurons, DLK is present in the synapse and interacts with multiple known postsynaptic density proteins including the scaffolding protein PSD-95. To examine DLK function in the adult, DLK-inducible knockout mice were generated through Tamoxifen-induced activation of Cre-ERT in mice containing a floxed DLK allele, which circumvents the neonatal lethality associated with germline deletion. DLK-inducible knockouts displayed a modest increase in basal synaptic transmission but had an attenuation of the JNK/c-Jun stress response pathway activation and significantly reduced neuronal degeneration after kainic acid–induced seizures. Together, these data demonstrate that DLK is a critical upstream regulator of JNK-mediated neurodegeneration downstream of glutamate receptor hyper-activation and represents an attractive target for the treatment of indications where excitotoxicity is a primary driver of neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine D Pozniak
- Department of Neuroscience, 2 Department of Biomedical Imaging, 3 Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 4 Department of Protein Chemistry, 5 Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Yuste
- HHMI, Departments of Biological Sciences and Neuroscience, and Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027;
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