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Wang Y, Lilienfeldt N, Hekimi S. Understanding coenzyme Q. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1533-1610. [PMID: 38722242 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, comprises a benzoquinone head group and a long isoprenoid side chain. It is thus extremely hydrophobic and resides in membranes. It is best known for its complex function as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) but is also required for several other crucial cellular processes. In fact, CoQ appears to be central to the entire redox balance of the cell. Remarkably, its structure and therefore its properties have not changed from bacteria to vertebrates. In metazoans, it is synthesized in all cells and is found in most, and maybe all, biological membranes. CoQ is also known as a nutritional supplement, mostly because of its involvement with antioxidant defenses. However, whether there is any health benefit from oral consumption of CoQ is not well established. Here we review the function of CoQ as a redox-active molecule in the ETC and other enzymatic systems, its role as a prooxidant in reactive oxygen species generation, and its separate involvement in antioxidant mechanisms. We also review CoQ biosynthesis, which is particularly complex because of its extreme hydrophobicity, as well as the biological consequences of primary and secondary CoQ deficiency, including in human patients. Primary CoQ deficiency is a rare inborn condition due to mutation in CoQ biosynthetic genes. Secondary CoQ deficiency is much more common, as it accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, including mitochondrial disorders as well as aging. In this context, we discuss the importance, but also the great difficulty, of alleviating CoQ deficiency by CoQ supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noah Lilienfeldt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Neumann S, Kuteykin-Teplyakov K, Heumann R. Neuronal Protection by Ha-RAS-GTPase Signaling through Selective Downregulation of Plasmalemmal Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel-1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3030. [PMID: 38474278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RAS acts as a plasma membrane-anchored intracellular neurotrophin counteracting neuronal degeneration in the brain, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In transgenic mice expressing constitutively activated V12-Ha-RAS selectively in neurons, proteome analysis uncovered a 70% decrease in voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1) in the cortex and hippocampus. We observed a corresponding reduction in the levels of mRNA splicing variant coding for plasma membrane-targeted VDAC-1 (pl-VDAC-1) while mRNA levels for mitochondrial membrane VDAC-1 (mt-VDAC-1) remained constant. In primary cortical neurons derived from V12-Ha-RAS animals, a decrease in pl-VDAC-1 mRNA levels was observed, accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the ferricyanide reductase activity associated with VDAC-1 protein. Application of MEK inhibitor U0126 to transgenic cortical neurons reconstituted pl-VDAC-1 mRNA to reach wild-type levels. Excitotoxic glutamate-induced cell death was strongly attenuated in transgenic V12-Ha-RAS overexpressing cortical cultures. Consistently, a neuroprotective effect could also be achieved in wild-type cortical cultures by the extracellular application of channel-blocking antibody targeting the N-terminus of VDAC-1. These results may encourage novel therapeutic approaches toward blocking pl-VDAC-1 by monoclonal antibody targeting for complementary treatments in transplantation and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Neumann
- Department of Biochemistry II-Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstantin Kuteykin-Teplyakov
- Department of Biochemistry II-Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rolf Heumann
- Department of Biochemistry II-Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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3
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An Y, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Xia F, Wong YK, He H, Hao M, Tian J, Zhang X, Luo P, Wang J. Chemoproteomics Reveals Glaucocalyxin A Induces Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis of Leukemia Cells via Covalently Binding to VDAC1. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300538. [PMID: 38105424 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) that is resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors is one of the deadliest hematologic malignancies, and the T315I mutation in the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) kinase domain is the most prominent point mutation responsible for imatinib resistance in CML. Glaucocalyxin A (GLA), a natural bioactive product derived from the Rabdosia rubescens plant, has strong anticancer activity. In this study, the effect and molecular mechanism of GLA on imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML cells harboring T315I mutation via a combined deconvolution strategy of chemoproteomics and label-free proteomics is investigated. The data demonstrated that GLA restrains proliferation and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in both imatinib-sensitive and resistant CML cells. GLA covalently binds to the cysteine residues of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), resulting in mitochondrial damage and overflow of intracellular apoptotic factors, eventually leading to apoptosis. In addition, the combination of GLA with elastin, a mitochondrial channel VDAC2/3 inhibitor, enhances mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cells, representing a promising therapeutic approach for leukemia treatment. Taken together, the results show that GLA induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via covalently targeting VDACs in CML cells. GLA may thus be a candidate compound for the treatment of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1/genetics
- Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1/therapeutic use
- Diterpenes, Kaurane
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehai An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yin-Kwan Wong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hengkai He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingjing Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jiahang Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Piao Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
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Luo P, Zhang Q, Shen S, An Y, Yuan L, Wong YK, Huang S, Huang S, Huang J, Cheng G, Tian J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Li W, He S, Wang J, Du Q. Mechanistic engineering of celastrol liposomes induces ferroptosis and apoptosis by directly targeting VDAC2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100874. [PMID: 38149060 PMCID: PMC10749887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of most common and deadliest malignancies. Celastrol (Cel), a natural product derived from the Tripterygium wilfordii plant, has been extensively researched for its potential effectiveness in fighting cancer. However, its clinical application has been hindered by the unclear mechanism of action. Here, we used chemical proteomics to identify the direct targets of Cel and enhanced its targetability and anti-tumor capacity by developing a Cel-based liposomes in HCC. We demonstrated that Cel selectively targets the voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2). Cel directly binds to the cysteine residues of VDAC2, and induces cytochrome C release via dysregulating VDAC2-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) function. We further found that Cel induces ROS-mediated ferroptosis and apoptosis in HCC cells. Moreover, coencapsulation of Cel into alkyl glucoside-modified liposomes (AGCL) improved its antitumor efficacy and minimized its side effects. AGCL has been shown to effectively suppress the proliferation of tumor cells. In a xenograft nude mice experiment, AGCL significantly inhibited tumor growth and promoted apoptosis. Our findings reveal that Cel directly targets VDAC2 to induce mitochondria-dependent cell death, while the Cel liposomes enhance its targetability and reduces side effects. Overall, Cel shows promise as a therapeutic agent for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yehai An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yin-Kwan Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sizhe Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingnan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Guangqing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiahang Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China
| | - Songqi He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qingfeng Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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5
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The Application of Ferroptosis in Diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Jeremiasse B, Matta C, Fellows CR, Boocock DJ, Smith JR, Liddell S, Lafeber F, van Spil WE, Mobasheri A. Alterations in the chondrocyte surfaceome in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:47. [PMID: 32586320 PMCID: PMC7318434 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrocytes are exposed to an inflammatory micro-environment in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage in joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In OA, degenerative changes and low-grade inflammation within the joint transform the behaviour and metabolism of chondrocytes, disturb the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation, and alter the osmolality and ionic composition of the micro-environment. We hypothesize that chondrocytes adjust their physiology to the inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the expression of cell surface proteins, collectively referred to as the ‘surfaceome’. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the surfaceome of primary equine chondrocytes isolated from healthy joints following exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We employed combined methodology that we recently developed for investigating the surfaceome in stem cells. Membrane proteins were isolated using an aminooxy-biotinylation technique and analysed by mass spectrometry using high throughput shotgun proteomics. Selected proteins were validated by western blotting. Results Amongst the 431 unique cell surface proteins identified, a high percentage of low-abundance proteins, such as ion channels, receptors and transporter molecules were detected. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014773. A high number of proteins exhibited different expression patterns following chondrocyte stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Low density lipoprotein related protein 1 (LPR-1), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC) 1–2 and annexin A1 were considered to be of special interest and were analysed further by western blotting. Conclusions Our results provide, for the first time, a repository for proteomic data on differentially expressed low-abundance membrane proteins on the surface of chondrocytes in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Jeremiasse
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Christopher R Fellows
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Science and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David J Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | | | | | - Floris Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem E van Spil
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Zakyrjanova GF, Gilmutdinov AI, Tsentsevitsky AN, Petrov AM. Olesoxime, a cholesterol-like neuroprotectant restrains synaptic vesicle exocytosis in the mice motor nerve terminals: Possible role of VDACs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158739. [PMID: 32428575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Olesoxime is a cholesterol-like neuroprotective compound that targets to mitochondrial voltage dependent anion channels (VDACs). VDACs were also found in the plasma membrane and highly expressed in the presynaptic compartment. Here, we studied the effects of olesoxime and VDAC inhibitors on neurotransmission in the mouse neuromuscular junction. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that olesoxime suppressed selectively evoked neurotransmitter release in response to a single stimulus and 20 Hz activity. Also olesoxime decreased the rate of FM1-43 dye loss (an indicator of synaptic vesicle exocytosis) at low frequency stimulation and 20 Hz. Furthermore, an increase in extracellular Cl- enhanced the action of olesoxime on the exocytosis and olesoxime increased intracellular Cl- levels. The effects of olesoxime on the evoked synaptic vesicle exocytosis and [Cl-]i were blocked by membrane-permeable and impermeable VDAC inhibitors. Immunofluorescent labeling pointed on the presence of VDACs on the synaptic membranes. Rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction perturbed the exocytotic release of FM1-43 and cell-permeable VDAC inhibitor (but not olesoxime or impermeable VDAC inhibitor) partially mitigated the rotenone-driven alterations in the FM1-43 unloading and mitochondrial superoxide production. Thus, olesoxime restrains neurotransmission by acting on plasmalemmal VDACs whose activation can limit synaptic vesicle exocytosis probably via increasing anion flux into the nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzalia F Zakyrjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Amir I Gilmutdinov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Andrey N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan 420012, Russia.
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8
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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Madden MC. Air pollutants disrupt iron homeostasis to impact oxidant generation, biological effects, and tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:38-55. [PMID: 32092410 PMCID: PMC8274387 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants cause changes in iron homeostasis through: 1) a capacity of the pollutant, or a metabolite(s), to complex/chelate iron from pivotal sites in the cell or 2) an ability of the pollutant to displace iron from pivotal sites in the cell. Through either pathway of disruption in iron homeostasis, metal previously employed in essential cell processes is sequestered after air pollutant exposure. An absolute or functional cell iron deficiency results. If enough iron is lost or is otherwise not available within the cell, cell death ensues. However, prior to death, exposed cells will attempt to reverse the loss of requisite metal. This response of the cell includes increased expression of metal importers (e.g. divalent metal transporter 1). Oxidant generation after exposure to air pollutants includes superoxide production which functions in ferrireduction necessary for cell iron import. Activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators also result from a cell iron deficiency, absolute or functional, after exposure to air pollutants. Finally, air pollutant exposure culminates in the development of inflammation and fibrosis which is a tissue response to the iron deficiency challenging cell survival. Following the response of increased expression of importers and ferrireduction, activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and inflammation and fibrosis, cell iron is altered, and a new metal homeostasis is established. This new metal homeostasis includes increased total iron concentrations in cells with metal now at levels sufficient to meet requirements for continued function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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9
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Hyun DH. Plasma membrane redox enzymes: new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:436-445. [PMID: 30919268 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress appears at early stages of aging and age-related diseases. Plasma membrane redox enzymes act in a compensatory manner to decrease oxidative stress and supply reductive capacity to ensure cell survival. Plasma membrane redox enzymes transfer electrons from NAD(P)H to oxidized ubiquinone and α-tocopherol, resulting in inhibition of further oxidative damage. Plasma membrane redox enzymes and their partners are affected by aging, leading to progression of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Up-regulating plasma membrane redox enzymes via calorie restriction and phytochemicals make cells more resistant to oxidative damage under stress conditions by maintaining redox homeostasis and improving mitochondrial function. Investigation into plasma membrane redox enzymes can provide mechanistic details underlying the relationships between plasma membrane redox enzymes and mitochondrial complexes and provide a good therapeutic target for prevention and delay of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Hyun
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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10
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Sherman HG, Jovanovic C, Stolnik S, Baronian K, Downard AJ, Rawson FJ. New Perspectives on Iron Uptake in Eukaryotes. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:97. [PMID: 30510932 PMCID: PMC6254016 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic organisms require iron to function. Malfunctions within iron homeostasis have a range of physiological consequences, and can lead to the development of pathological conditions that can result in an excess of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI). Despite extensive understanding of iron homeostasis, the links between the “macroscopic” transport of iron across biological barriers (cellular membranes) and the chemistry of redox changes that drive these processes still needs elucidating. This review draws conclusions from the current literature, and describes some of the underlying biophysical and biochemical processes that occur in iron homeostasis. By first taking a broad view of iron uptake within the gut and subsequent delivery to tissues, in addition to describing the transferrin and non-transferrin mediated components of these processes, we provide a base of knowledge from which we further explore NTBI uptake. We provide concise up-to-date information of the transplasma electron transport systems (tPMETSs) involved within NTBI uptake, and highlight how these systems are not only involved within NTBI uptake for detoxification but also may play a role within the reduction of metabolic stress through regeneration of intracellular NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ levels. Furthermore, we illuminate the thermodynamics that governs iron transport, namely the redox potential cascade and electrochemical behavior of key components of the electron transport systems that facilitate the movement of electrons across the plasma membrane to the extracellular compartment. We also take account of kinetic changes that occur to transport iron into the cell, namely membrane dipole change and their consequent effects within membrane structure that act to facilitate transport of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry G Sherman
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Snow Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Baronian
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Downard
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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11
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Nahon-Crystal E, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Gupta R. VDAC1, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Matteucci E, Giampietro O. Electron Pathways through Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane in Human Physiology and Pathology: Potential Redox Biomarker? Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190700200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes are involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Since pH is the influential factor in the Bohr-Haldane effect, pHi is actively maintained via secondary active transports Na+/H+ exchange and HC3–/Cl– anion exchanger. Because of the redox properties of the iron, hemoglobin generates reactive oxygen species and thus, the human erythrocyte is constantly exposed to oxidative damage. Although the adult erythrocyte lacks protein synthesis and cannot restore damaged proteins, it is equipped with high activity of protective enzymes. Redox changes in the cell initiate various signalling pathways. Plasma membrane oxido-reductases (PMORs) are trans-membrane electron transport systems that have been found in the membranes of all cells and have been extensively characterized in the human erythrocyte. Erythrocyte PMORs transfer reducing equivalents from intracellular reductants to extracellular oxidants, thus their most important role seems to be to enable the cell respond to changes in intra- and extra-cellular redox environments. So far the activity of erythrocyte PMORs in disease states has not been systematically investigated. This review summarizes present knowledge on erythrocyte electron transfer activity in humans (health, type 1 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, and chronic uremia) and hypothesizes an integrated model of the functional organization of erythrocyte plasma membrane where electron pathways work in parallel with transport metabolons to maintain redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matteucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Hussain R, Shaukat Z, Khan M, Saint R, Gregory SL. Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Maintains Glycolysis-driven Growth in Drosophila Tumors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11531. [PMID: 28912546 PMCID: PMC5599506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors frequently fail to pass on all their chromosomes correctly during cell division, and this chromosomal instability (CIN) causes irregular aneuploidy and oxidative stress in cancer cells. Our objective was to test knockdowns of metabolic enzymes in Drosophila to find interventions that could exploit the differences between normal and CIN cells to block CIN tumor growth without harming the host animal. We found that depleting by RNAi or feeding the host inhibitors against phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was able to block the growth of CIN tissue in a brat tumor explant model. Increasing NAD+ or oxidising cytoplasmic NADH was able to rescue the growth of PEPCK depleted tumors, suggesting a problem in clearing cytoplasmic NADH. Consistent with this, blocking the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle blocked tumor growth, as well as lowering ROS levels. This work suggests that proliferating CIN cells are particularly vulnerable to inhibition of PEPCK, or its metabolic network, because of their compromised redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Hussain
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Zeeshan Shaukat
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Mahwish Khan
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | | | - Stephen L Gregory
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia.
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14
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Thivolet C, Vial G, Cassel R, Rieusset J, Madec AM. Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum- mitochondria interactions in beta cells from patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182027. [PMID: 28742858 PMCID: PMC5526536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes develops when beta cells are not able to fulfill insulin needs. The role of the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria junction in coordinating the functions of these two organelles throughout the natural history of type 2 diabetes is determinant and may explain the alterations of insulin biosynthesis. Our goal was to study endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial interactions in human beta cells from organ donors with type 2 diabetes. Pancreas samples were obtained via the network for pancreatic organ donors with diabetes (nPOD) based on disease status with 12 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 9 non-diabetic controls. We examined pancreatic specimens by immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization and in situ proximity ligation assay and compared the results to an in vitro model of beta-cell dysfunction. Expression of proteins that enable tethering and exchanges between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria and quantification of interconnection through mitochondria associated membranes (MAM) was investigated. In beta cells from type 2 diabetic cases as compared to controls, there was a significant increase in reticular expression of inositol triphosphate receptor-2 (IP3R2) both at the protein and mRNA levels, no difference in mitochondrial transit peptide receptor TOM20 and mitofusin-2 expressions, and a decrease in the expression of voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1). The number of IP3R2-VDAC-1 complexes identified by in situ proximity ligation assay was significantly lower in diabetic islets and in beta cells of diabetics as compared to controls. Treatment of Min6-B1 cells with palmitate altered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, increased ER stress and significantly reduced ER-mitochondrial interactions. We can conclude that specific changes in reticular and mitochondrial beta cell proteins characterize human type 2 diabetes with reduction in organelle interactions. This finding opens new targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Thivolet
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1235, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pierre-Bénite, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Guillaume Vial
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1235, Lyon, France
| | - Romeo Cassel
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1235, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1235, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Marie Madec
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1235, Lyon, France
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15
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Camara AKS, Zhou Y, Wen PC, Tajkhorshid E, Kwok WM. Mitochondrial VDAC1: A Key Gatekeeper as Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Physiol 2017; 8:460. [PMID: 28713289 PMCID: PMC5491678 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key source of ATP that fuels cellular functions, and they are also central in cellular signaling, cell division and apoptosis. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative and cardiac diseases, and various types of cancer. One of the key proteins that regulate mitochondrial function is the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), the most abundant protein on the outer membrane of mitochondria. VDAC1 is the gatekeeper for the passages of metabolites, nucleotides, and ions; it plays a crucial role in regulating apoptosis due to its interaction with apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, namely members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins and hexokinase. Therefore, regulation of VDAC1 is crucial not only for metabolic functions of mitochondria, but also for cell survival. In fact, multiple lines of evidence have confirmed the involvement of VDAC1 in several diseases. Consequently, modulation or dysregulation of VDAC1 function can potentially attenuate or exacerbate pathophysiological conditions. Understanding the role of VDAC1 in health and disease could lead to selective protection of cells in different tissues and diverse diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of VDAC1 in the pathogenesis of diseases and as a potentially effective target for therapeutic management of various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States
| | - YiFan Zhou
- Department of Assay Development, HD BiosciencesShanghai, China
| | - Po-Chao Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States
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16
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Liguori L, Stidder B, Alcaraz JP, Lenormand JL, Cinquin P, Martin DK. Cell-free production of VDAC directly into liposomes for integration with biomimetic membrane systems. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 46:546-51. [PMID: 26443900 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1068800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is a pivotal protein since it provides the major transport pathway between the cytosol and the mitochondrial intermembrane space and it is implicated in cell apoptosis by functioning as a gatekeeper for the trafficking of mitochondrial death molecules. VDAC is a beta-barrel channel with a large conductance, and we use it as a model transport protein for the design of biomimetic systems. To overcome the limitations of classical overexpression methods for producing and purifying membrane proteins (MPs) we describe here the use of an optimized cell-free system. In a one-step reaction VDAC is obtained directly integrated into liposomes and purified by ultracentrifugation. We then combine proteoliposomes with different bilayers models in order to validate VDAC insertion and functionality. This VDAC biomimetic model is the first example validating the use of a cell-free expression system for production of MPs into liposomes and tethered bilayers as a toolbox to build a wide range of biomimetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Liguori
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Barry Stidder
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Pierre Alcaraz
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Luc Lenormand
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Philippe Cinquin
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Donald K Martin
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
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17
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Yu H, Guo P, Xie X, Wang Y, Chen G. Ferroptosis, a new form of cell death, and its relationships with tumourous diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:648-657. [PMID: 27860262 PMCID: PMC5345622 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death that differs from traditional apoptosis and necrosis and results from iron‐dependent lipid peroxide accumulation. Ferroptotic cell death is characterized by cytological changes, including cell volume shrinkage and increased mitochondrial membrane density. Ferroptosis can be induced by two classes of small‐molecule substances known as class 1 (system Xc− inhibitors) and class 2 ferroptosis inducers [glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) inhibitors]. In addition to these small‐molecule substances, a number of drugs (e.g. sorafenib, artemisinin and its derivatives) can induce ferroptosis. Various factors, such as the mevalonate (MVA) and sulphur‐transfer pathways, play pivotal roles in the regulation of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis plays an unneglectable role in regulating the growth and proliferation of some types of tumour cells, such as lymphocytoma, ductal cell cancer of the pancreas, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we will first introduce the discovery of and research pertaining to ferroptosis; then summarize the induction mechanisms and regulatory pathways of ferroptosis; and finally, further elucidate the roles of ferroptosis in human tumourous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozai Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Environmental and Public Health School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Hetherington L, Schneider EK, Scott C, DeKretser D, Muller CH, Hondermarck H, Velkov T, Baker MA. Deficiency in Outer Dense Fiber 1 Is a Marker and Potential Driver of Idiopathic Male Infertility. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3685-3693. [PMID: 27770032 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, ∼1 in 15 men of reproductive age are infertile, yet the precise mechanisms underlying their gamete failure are unknown. Although a semen analysis is performed to determine fertilizing potential, the diagnostic suitability of this analysis has been questioned in several reports, as many men, classified as infertile according to their semen analysis, subsequently turn out to be fertile. Herein, we have used a quantitative (phospho)-proteomic analysis, using enrichment on titanium dioxide followed by ion-trap mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to compare the semen of infertile versus fertile males. One protein, namely outer dense fiber 1 (ODF1), was dramatically reduced in infertile males. Using specific antibodies, we then screened the gametes of a cohort of suspected infertile men and demonstrated a reduction in the amount of ODF1 compared with fertile controls. Stress treatment of sperm deficient in ODF1 caused the head to decapitate, suggesting why these gametes fail to initiate fertilization. Interestingly, electron micrographs of ODF1-deficient spermatozoa revealed an abnormal connecting piece, indicating several developmental defects with both the implantation plate and the thin laminated fibers. In some cases, the implantation plate appeared to be reduced in size or was overburdened by granular material near the connecting piece. Hence, a strong reduction ODF1 is a marker of idiopathic male infertility and a potential driver of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hetherington
- From the ‡Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Elena K Schneider
- §Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Vic, 3052, Australia
| | | | - David DeKretser
- ¶Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Vic, 3800, Australia; Department of Urology 356510, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195-6510, USA
| | | | | | - Tony Velkov
- §Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Vic, 3052, Australia
| | - Mark A Baker
- From the ‡Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
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19
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Varela-López A, Giampieri F, Battino M, Quiles JL. Coenzyme Q and Its Role in the Dietary Therapy against Aging. Molecules 2016; 21:373. [PMID: 26999099 PMCID: PMC6273282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a naturally occurring molecule located in the hydrophobic domain of the phospholipid bilayer of all biological membranes. Shortly after being discovered, it was recognized as an essential electron transport chain component in mitochondria where it is particularly abundant. Since then, more additional roles in cell physiology have been reported, including antioxidant, signaling, death prevention, and others. It is known that all cells are able to synthesize functionally sufficient amounts of CoQ under normal physiological conditions. However, CoQ is a molecule found in different dietary sources, which can be taken up and incorporated into biological membranes. It is known that mitochondria have a close relationship with the aging process. Additionally, delaying the aging process through diet has aroused the interest of scientists for many years. These observations have stimulated investigation of the anti-aging potential of CoQ and its possible use in dietary therapies to alleviate the effects of aging. In this context, the present review focus on the current knowledge and evidence the roles of CoQ cells, its relationship with aging, and possible implications of dietary CoQ in relation to aging, lifespan or age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
- Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander 39011, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
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20
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Oh SY, Hwang JR, Lee Y, Choi SJ, Kim JS, Kim JH, Sadovsky Y, Roh CR. Isolation of basal membrane proteins from BeWo cells and their expression in placentas from fetal growth-restricted pregnancies. Placenta 2016; 39:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Non-Overlapping Distributions and Functions of the VDAC Family in Ciliogenesis. Cells 2015; 4:331-53. [PMID: 26264029 PMCID: PMC4588040 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells that consist of two centrioles. In mitotic cells, centrosomes are duplicated to serve as the poles of the mitotic spindle, while in quiescent cells, centrosomes move to the apical membrane where the oldest centriole is transformed into a basal body to assemble a primary cilium. We recently showed that mitochondrial outer membrane porin VDAC3 localizes to centrosomes where it negatively regulates ciliogenesis. We show here that the other two family members, VDAC1 and VDAC2, best known for their function in mitochondrial bioenergetics, are also found at centrosomes. Like VDAC3, centrosomal VDAC1 is predominantly localized to the mother centriole, while VDAC2 localizes to centriolar satellites in a microtubule-dependent manner. Down-regulation of VDAC1 leads to inappropriate ciliogenesis, while its overexpression suppresses cilia formation, suggesting that VDAC1 and VDAC3 both negatively regulate ciliogenesis. However, this negative effect on ciliogenesis is not shared by VDAC2, which instead appears to promote maturation of primary cilia. Moreover, because overexpression of VDAC3 cannot compensate for depletion of VDAC1, our data suggest that while the entire VDAC family localizes to centrosomes, they have non-redundant functions in cilogenesis.
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22
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Iron diminishes the in vitro biological effect of vanadium. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 147:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Baker MA, Weinberg A, Hetherington L, Villaverde AI, Velkov T, Baell J, Gordon CP. Defining the Mechanisms by Which the Reactive Oxygen Species By-Product, 4-Hydroxynonenal, Affects Human Sperm Cell Function1. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:108. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.126680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Swegen A, Curry BJ, Gibb Z, Lambourne SR, Smith ND, Aitken RJ. Investigation of the stallion sperm proteome by mass spectrometry. Reproduction 2015; 149:235-44. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stallion spermatozoa continue to present scientific and clinical challenges with regard to the biological mechanisms responsible for their survival and function. In particular, deeper understanding of sperm energy metabolism, defence against oxidative damage and cell–cell interactions should improve fertility assessment and the application of advanced reproductive technologies in the equine species. In this study, we used highly sensitive LC–MS/MS technology and sequence database analysis to identify and characterise the proteome of Percoll-isolated ejaculated equine spermatozoa, with the aim of furthering our understanding of this cell's complex biological machinery. We were able to identify 9883 peptides comprising 1030 proteins, which were subsequently attributed to 975 gene products. Gene ontology analysis for molecular and cellular processes revealed new information about the metabolism, antioxidant defences and receptors of stallion spermatozoa. Mitochondrial proteins and those involved in catabolic processes constituted dominant categories. Several enzymes specific to β-oxidation of fatty acids were identified, and further experiments were carried out to ascertain their functional significance. Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, a rate-limiting enzyme of β-oxidation, reduced motility parameters, indicating that β-oxidation contributes to maintenance of motility in stallion spermatozoa.
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Xue Q, Wei Z, Sun W, Cui F, Yu S, Zhou Q, Liu J. 2-Keto-D-gluconate-yielding membrane-bound D-glucose dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter globiformis C224: purification and characterization. Molecules 2015; 20:846-62. [PMID: 25580683 PMCID: PMC6272208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose dehydrogenase (GlcDH) is the rate-limiting catalyst for microbial conversion of glucose to the important organic acid 2-ketogluconic acid (2KGlcA). In this study, a d-glucose dehydrogenase was purified from the industrial 2KGlcA producer Arthrobacter globiformis C224. After four purification steps, the GlcDH was successfully purified over 180 folds and specific activity of 88.1 U/mg. A single protein band of 87 kDa was detected by SDS-PAGE. The purified GlcDH had the broad substrate specificity with the Km values for d-glucose, d-xylose, d-galactose and maltose of 0.21 mM, 0.34 mM, 0.46 mM and 0.59 mM, respectively. The kinetic studies proved that A. globiformis GlcDH followed the ping-pong kinetic mechanism. The GlcDH showed an optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.0 and 45 °C with the stable activity at temperature of 20–40 °C and pH of 6.0–7.0. Organic solvents, metal ions or EDTA could significantly influence the GlcDH activity to different degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhuan Wei
- Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd, Dexing 334221, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Silian Yu
- Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd, Dexing 334221, China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd, Dexing 334221, China.
| | - Jingze Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China.
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Baker MA, Weinberg A, Hetherington L, Villaverde AISB, Velkov T. Analysis of protein thiol changes occurring during rat sperm epididymal maturation. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:11. [PMID: 25411390 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The maturation of spermatozoa throughout the epididymal environment occurs in the complete absence of nuclear protein biosynthesis. As such, these cells rely heavily on posttranslational modifications of existing proteins in order to obtain the potential for fertilization. We have used an OxiCat approach to label both free and oxidized cysteine residues in rat sperm proteins and compared the ratio of reduced:oxidized peptides as these cells undergo epididymal transit. In all, 20 peptides, corresponding to 15 proteins, underwent a change in their redox status. Included in this list were A-kinase anchoring protein 4 and fatty acid-binding protein 9. Both of these proteins undergo intradisulfide bonding, leading to reduced solubility and, in the case of the latter, is likely to cause a loss of protein function. Interestingly, two glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase-1 and lactate dehydrogenase, also display increased cysteine oxidation during epididymal transit, which may be involved in the regulation of the enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Baker
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle. Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anita Weinberg
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle. Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise Hetherington
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle. Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Tony Velkov
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Alves LA, de Melo Reis RA, de Souza CAM, de Freitas MS, Teixeira PCN, Neto Moreira Ferreira D, Xavier RF. The P2X7 receptor: Shifting from a low- to a high-conductance channel — An enigmatic phenomenon? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2578-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nikiforova AB, Saris NEL, Kruglov AG. External mitochondrial NADH-dependent reductase of redox cyclers: VDAC1 or Cyb5R3? Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:74-84. [PMID: 24945955 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It was reported that VDAC1 possesses an NADH oxidoreductase activity and plays an important role in the activation of xenobiotics in the outer mitochondrial membrane. In the present work, we evaluated the participation of VDAC1 and Cyb5R3 in the NADH-dependent activation of various redox cyclers in mitochondria. We show that external NADH oxidoreductase caused the redox cycling of menadione ≫ lucigenin>nitrofurantoin. Paraquat was predominantly activated by internal mitochondria oxidoreductases. An increase in the ionic strength stimulated and suppressed the redox cycling of negatively and positively charged acceptors, as was expected for the Cyb5R3-mediated reduction. Antibodies against Cyb5R3 but not VDAC substantially inhibited the NADH-related oxidoreductase activities. The specific VDAC blockers G3139 and erastin, separately or in combination, in concentrations sufficient for the inhibition of substrate transport, exhibited minimal effects on the redox cycler-dependent NADH oxidation, ROS generation, and reduction of exogenous cytochrome c. In contrast, Cyb5R3 inhibitors (6-propyl-2-thiouracil, p-chloromercuriobenzoate, quercetin, mersalyl, and ebselen) showed similar patterns of inhibition of ROS generation and cytochrome c reduction. The analysis of the spectra of the endogenous cytochromes b5 and c in the presence of nitrofurantoin and the inhibitors of VDAC and Cyb5R3 demonstrated that the redox cycler can transfer electrons from Cyb5R3 to endogenous cytochrome c. This caused the oxidation of outer membrane-bound cytochrome b5, which is in redox balance with Cyb5R3. The data obtained argue against VDAC1 and in favor of Cyb5R3 involvement in the activation of redox cyclers in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nils-Erik L Saris
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexey G Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Abstract
The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and cell biology to clarify the roles of these channels has thus become possible. It is by now clear that many of these channels are important for energy supply by the mitochondria and have a major impact on the fate of the entire cell as well. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the electrophysiological properties, molecular identity, and pathophysiological functions of the mitochondrial ion channels studied so far and to highlight possible therapeutic perspectives based on current information.
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Crane FL, Löw H, Sun I, Navas P, Gvozdjáková A. Plasma membrane coenzyme Q: evidence for a role in autism. Biologics 2014; 8:199-205. [PMID: 24920882 PMCID: PMC4043426 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s53375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The Voltage Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) is involved in control of autism. Treatments, including coenzyme Q, have had some success on autism control. Data sources Correlation of porin redox activity and expression of autism is based on extensive literature, especially studies of antibodies, identification of cytosolic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH) dehydrogenase activity in the VDAC, and evidence for extreme sensitivity of the dehydrogenase to a mercurial. Evidence for a coenzyme Q requirement came from extraction and analog inhibition of NADH ferricyanide reductase in the erythrocyte plasma membrane, done in 1994, and reinterpreted when it was identified in VDAC in 2004. The effects of ubiquinol (the QH2 – reduced form of coenzyme Q) in children with autism were studied. Results A new role for coenzyme Q in the porin channels has implications on autism. Ubiquinol, the more active form of coenzyme Q, produces favorable response in children with autism. Agents which affected electron transport in porin show parallel effects in autism. Conclusion We propose a hypothesis that autism is controlled by a coenzyme Q-dependent redox system in the porin channels; this conclusion is based on the effects of agents that positively or negatively affect electron transport and the symptoms of autism. The full understanding of the mechanism of their control needs to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L Crane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hans Löw
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iris Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anna Gvozdjáková
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of Third Medical Department, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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31
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Arjomand A, Baker MA, Li C, Buckle AM, Jans DA, Loveland KL, Miyamoto Y. The α-importome of mammalian germ cell maturation provides novel insights for importin biology. FASEB J 2014; 28:3480-93. [PMID: 24790034 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-244913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Importin α proteins function as adaptors to connect a cargo protein and importin β1 in the classical nuclear import pathway. Here we measure for the first time the stoichiometry of importins α2, α3, α4, and β1 in primary cells corresponding to 2 successive stages of rat spermatogenesis: meiotic spermatocytes and haploid round spermatids. Importin α2 levels were more than 2-fold higher in spermatocytes than in spermatids, while importins α4 and β1 levels did not differ significantly. We performed a comprehensive proteomics analysis to identify binding proteins in spermatocytes and spermatids using recombinant importin α2 and α4 proteins. Among the 100 candidate partners, 42 contained a strong classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS; score of>6 by cNLS Mapper), while 8 nuclear proteins lacked any cNLS. In addition, we developed a new strategy to predict which cargoes bind to importin α through the conserved C-terminal acidic domain (ARM repeats 9-10), and provided functional validation of a predicted importin α C-terminal binding segment in Senataxin and Smarca4. Evaluation of this set of candidate binding partners from spermatogenic cells using several bioinformatics approaches provides new evidence that individual importin αs may serve unique and nonredundant roles in mediating cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Arjomand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Mark A Baker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - David A Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Kate L Loveland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
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32
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Côrte-Real L, Mendes F, Coimbra J, Morais TS, Tomaz AI, Valente A, Garcia MH, Santos I, Bicho M, Marques F. Anticancer activity of structurally related ruthenium(II) cyclopentadienyl complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:853-67. [PMID: 24562604 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A set of structurally related Ru(η(5)-C5H5) complexes with bidentate N,N'-heteroaromatic ligands have been evaluated as prospective metallodrugs, with focus on exploring the uptake and cell death mechanisms and potential cellular targets. We have extended these studies to examine the potential of these complexes to target cancer cell metabolism, the energetic-related phenotype of cancer cells. The observations that these complexes can enter cells, probably facilitated by binding to plasma transferrin, and can be retained preferentially at the membranes prompted us to explore possible membrane targets involved in cancer cell metabolism. Most malignant tumors present the Warburg effect, which consists in increasing glycolytic rates with production of lactate, even in the presence of oxygen. The reliance of glycolytic cancer cells on trans-plasma-membrane electron transport (TPMET) systems for their continued survival raises the question of their appropriateness as a target for anticancer drug development strategies. Considering the interesting findings that some anticancer drugs in clinical use are cytotoxic even without entering cells and can inhibit TPMET activity, we investigated whether redox enzyme modulation could be a potential mechanism of action of antitumor ruthenium complexes. The results from this study indicated that ruthenium complexes can inhibit lactate production and TPMET activity in a way dependent on the cancer cell aggressiveness and the concentration of the complex. Combination approaches that target cell metabolism (glycolytic inhibitors) as well as proliferation are needed to successfully cure cancer. This study supports the potential use of some of these ruthenium complexes as adjuvants of glycolytic inhibitors in the treatment of aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Côrte-Real
- Unidade Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Polo de Loures-Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS Sacavém, Portugal
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Abstract
Forward genetic studies have identified several chloride (Cl-) channel genes, including CFTR, ClC-2, ClC-3, CLCA, Bestrophin, and Ano1, in the heart. Recent reverse genetic studies using gene targeting and transgenic techniques to delineate the functional role of cardiac Cl- channels have shown that Cl- channels may contribute to cardiac arrhythmogenesis, myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure, and cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion. The study of physiological or pathophysiological phenotypes of cardiac Cl- channels, however, is complicated by the compensatory changes in the animals in response to the targeted genetic manipulation. Alternatively, tissue-specific conditional or inducible knockout or knockin animal models may be more valuable in the phenotypic studies of specific Cl- channels by limiting the effect of compensation on the phenotype. The integrated function of Cl- channels may involve multiprotein complexes of the Cl- channel subproteome. Similar phenotypes can be attained from alternative protein pathways within cellular networks, which are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The phenomics approach, which characterizes phenotypes as a whole phenome and systematically studies the molecular changes that give rise to particular phenotypes achieved by modifying the genotype under the scope of genome/proteome/phenome, may provide more complete understanding of the integrated function of each cardiac Cl- channel in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayue Darrel Duan
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA.
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34
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Ghio AJ, Tong H, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Cheng WY, Samet JM, Kesic MJ, Bromberg PA, Turi JL, Upadhyay D, Scott Budinger GR, Mutlu GM. Sequestration of mitochondrial iron by silica particle initiates a biological effect. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L712-24. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00099.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of particulate matter has presented a challenge to human health for thousands of years. The underlying mechanism for biological effect following particle exposure is incompletely understood. We tested the postulate that particle sequestration of cell and mitochondrial iron is a pivotal event mediating oxidant generation and biological effect. In vitro exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to silica reduced intracellular iron, which resulted in increases in both the importer divalent metal transporter 1 expression and metal uptake. Diminished mitochondrial 57Fe concentrations following silica exposure confirmed particle sequestration of cell iron. Preincubation of cells with excess ferric ammonium citrate increased cell, nuclear, and mitochondrial metal concentrations and prevented significant iron loss from mitochondria following silica exposure. Cell and mitochondrial oxidant generation increased after silica incubation, but pretreatment with iron diminished this generation of reactive oxygen species. Silica exposure activated MAP kinases (ERK and p38) and altered the expression of transcription factors (nF-κB and NF-E2-related factor 2), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-8 and -6), and apoptotic proteins. All of these changes in indexes of biological effect were either diminished or inhibited by cell pretreatment with iron. Finally, percentage of neutrophils and total protein concentrations in an animal model instilled with silica were decreased by concurrent exposure to iron. We conclude that an initiating event in the response to particulate matter is a sequestration of cell and mitochondrial iron by endocytosed particle. The resultant oxidative stress and biological response after particle exposure are either diminished or inhibited by increasing the cell iron concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Ghio
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Haiyan Tong
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joleen M. Soukup
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lisa A. Dailey
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wan-Yun Cheng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James M. Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J. Kesic
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Jennifer L. Turi
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daya Upadhyay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; and
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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35
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Baker MA, Naumovski N, Hetherington L, Weinberg A, Velkov T, Aitken RJ. Head and flagella subcompartmental proteomic analysis of human spermatozoa. Proteomics 2013; 13:61-74. [PMID: 23161668 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular proteomics not only deepens our knowledge of what proteins are present within cells, but also opens our understanding as to where those proteins reside. Given the highly differentiated, cross-linked state of spermatozoa, such studies have proven difficult to perform. In this study we have fractionated spermatozoa into two components, consisting of either the head or flagellar region. Following SDS-PAGE, 1 mm slices were digested and used for LC-MS/MS analysis. In total, 1429 proteins were identified with 721 proteins being exclusively found in the tail and 521 exclusively in the head. Not only is this the largest reported proteomic analysis of human spermatozoa, but also it has provided novel insights into the compartmentalization of proteins, particularly receptors, never previously reported to be present in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Baker
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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36
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Grasso C, Larsen L, McConnell M, Smith RAJ, Berridge MV. Anti-Leukemic Activity of Ubiquinone-Based Compounds Targeting Trans-plasma Membrane Electron Transport. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3168-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301585z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Grasso
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060,
Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O.
Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Melanie McConnell
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060,
Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Robin A. J. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O.
Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael V. Berridge
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060,
Wellington, New Zealand
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37
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Martel C, Allouche M, Esposti DD, Fanelli E, Boursier C, Henry C, Chopineau J, Calamita G, Kroemer G, Lemoine A, Brenner C. Glycogen synthase kinase 3-mediated voltage-dependent anion channel phosphorylation controls outer mitochondrial membrane permeability during lipid accumulation. Hepatology 2013; 57:93-102. [PMID: 22814966 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic steatosis is a liver pathology characterized by fat accumulation and severe metabolic alterations involving early mitochondrial impairment and late hepatocyte cell death. However, mitochondrial dysfunction mechanisms remain elusive. Using four models of nonalcoholic steatosis, i.e., livers from patients with fatty liver disease, ob/ob mice, mice fed a high-fat diet, and in vitro models of lipotoxicity, we show that outer mitochondrial membrane permeability is altered and identified a posttranslational modification of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a membrane channel and NADH oxidase, as a cause of early mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, in nonalcoholic steatosis VDAC exhibits reduced threonine phosphorylation, which increases the influx of water and calcium into mitochondria, sensitizes the organelle to matrix swelling, depolarization, and cytochrome c release without inducing cell death. This also amplifies VDAC enzymatic and channel activities regulation by calcium and modifies its interaction with proteic partners. Moreover, lipid accumulation triggers a rapid lack of VDAC phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Pharmacological and genetic manipulations proved GSK3 to be responsible for VDAC phosphorylation in normal cells. Notably, VDAC phosphorylation level correlated with steatosis severity in patients. CONCLUSION VDAC acts as an early sensor of lipid toxicity and its GSK3-mediated phosphorylation status controls outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Martel
- INSERM U769, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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38
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Redgrove KA, Anderson AL, McLaughlin EA, O'Bryan MK, Aitken RJ, Nixon B. Investigation of the mechanisms by which the molecular chaperone HSPA2 regulates the expression of sperm surface receptors involved in human sperm-oocyte recognition. Mol Hum Reprod 2012; 19:120-35. [PMID: 23247813 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique characteristic of mammalian spermatozoa is that, upon ejaculation, they are unable to recognize and bind to an ovulated oocyte. These functional attributes are only realized following the cells' ascent of the female reproductive tract whereupon they undergo a myriad of biochemical and biophysical changes collectively referred to as 'capacitation'. We have previously shown that this functional transformation is, in part, engineered by the modification of the sperm surface architecture leading to the assembly and/or presentation of multimeric sperm-oocyte receptor complexes. In this study, we have extended our findings through the characterization of one such complex containing arylsulfatase A (ARSA), sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1) and the molecular chaperone, heat shock 70kDa protein 2 (HSPA2). Through the application of flow cytometry we revealed that this complex undergoes a capacitation-associated translocation to facilitate the repositioning of ARSA to the apical region of the human sperm head, a location compatible with a role in the mediation of sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) interactions. Conversely, SPAM1 appears to reorient away from the sperm surface, possibly reflecting its primary role in cumulus matrix dispersal preceding sperm-ZP recognition. The dramatic relocation of the complex was completely abolished by incubation of capacitating spermatozoa in exogenous cholesterol or broad spectrum protein kinase A (PKA) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors suggesting that it may be driven by alterations in membrane fluidity characteristics and concurrently by the activation of a capacitation-associated signal transduction pathway. Collectively these data afford novel insights into the sub-cellular localization and potential functions of multimeric protein complexes in human spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Redgrove
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Ganesana M, Erlichman JS, Andreescu S. Real-time monitoring of superoxide accumulation and antioxidant activity in a brain slice model using an electrochemical cytochrome c biosensor. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2240-9. [PMID: 23085519 PMCID: PMC3565046 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen species and the resulting damage are central to the pathology of many diseases. The study of the temporal and spatial accumulation of reactive oxygen species has been limited because of the lack of specific probes and techniques capable of continuous measurement. We demonstrate the use of a miniaturized electrochemical cytochrome c (Cyt c) biosensor for real-time measurements and quantitative assessment of superoxide production and inactivation by natural and engineered antioxidants in acutely prepared brain slices from mice. Under control conditions, superoxide radicals produced from the hippocampal region of the brain in 400-μm-thick sections were well within the range of detection of the electrode. Exposure of the slices to ischemic conditions increased the superoxide production twofold and measurements from the slices were stable over a 3- to 4-h period. The stilbene derivative and anion channel inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene markedly reduced the extracellular superoxide signal under control conditions, suggesting that a transmembrane flux of superoxide into the extracellular space may occur as part of normal redox signaling. The specificity of the electrode for superoxide released by cells in the hippocampus was verified by the exogenous addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which decreased the superoxide signal in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were seen with the addition of the SOD mimetic cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria), in that the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of nanoceria with an average diameter of 15 nm was equivalent to 527 U of SOD for each 1 μg/ml of nanoceria added. This study demonstrates the potential of electrochemical biosensors for studying real-time dynamics of reactive oxygen species in a biological model and the utility of these measurements in defining the relative contribution of superoxide to oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA..
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40
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Kotake S, Yago T, Kawamoto M, Nanke Y. Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs, porin) expressed in the plasma membrane regulate the differentiation and function of human osteoclasts. Cell Biol Int 2012; 37:65-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kotake
- Institute of Rheumatology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 10-22 Kawada-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054 Japan
| | - Toru Yago
- Institute of Rheumatology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 10-22 Kawada-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054 Japan
| | - Manabu Kawamoto
- Institute of Rheumatology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 10-22 Kawada-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054 Japan
| | - Yuki Nanke
- Institute of Rheumatology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 10-22 Kawada-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054 Japan
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41
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Gonzalez-Gronow M, Ray R, Wang F, Pizzo SV. The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) binds tissue-type plasminogen activator and promotes activation of plasminogen on the cell surface. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:498-509. [PMID: 23161549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.412502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a major pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of mitochondria, is also found in the plasma membrane of a large number of cells where in addition to its role in regulating cellular ATP release and volume control it is important for maintaining redox homeostasis. Cell surface VDAC is a receptor for plasminogen kringle 5, which promotes partial closure of the channel. In this study, we demonstrate that VDAC binds tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) on human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Binding of t-PA to VDAC induced a decrease in K(m) and an increase in the V(max) for activation of its substrate, plasminogen (Pg). This resulted in accelerated Pg activation when VDAC, t-PA, and Pg were bound together. VDAC is also a substrate for plasmin; hence, it mimics fibrin activity. Binding of t-PA to VDAC occurs between a t-PA fibronectin type I finger domain located between amino acids Ile(5) and Asn(37) and a VDAC region including amino acids (20)GYGFG(24). These VDAC residues correspond to a GXXXG repeat motif commonly found in amyloid β peptides that is necessary for aggregation when these peptides form fibrillar deposits on the cell surface. Furthermore, we also show that Pg kringle 5 is a substrate for the NADH-dependent reductase activity of VDAC. This ternary complex is an efficient proteolytic complex that may facilitate removal of amyloid β peptide deposits from the normal brain and cell debris from injured brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gonzalez-Gronow
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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42
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Löw H, Crane FL, Morré DJ. Putting together a plasma membrane NADH oxidase: A tale of three laboratories. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1834-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) — An example of multiple molecular exaptation? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:2072-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.06.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Sadowska-Woda I, Bartosz G. How do erythrocytes contribute to the ABTS* scavenging capacity of blood? Free Radic Res 2012; 47:35-43. [PMID: 23025487 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.734611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested lately that erythrocytes contribute significantly to the oxidant scavenging capacity (OSC) of blood and that surface adsorption of polyphenols enhances the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of erythrocytes to the OSC of whole blood measured with a substrate not penetrating into the cells. Comparison of reduction of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS*) by whole blood and blood plasma indicates that erythrocytes do contribute to ABTS* reduction but their contribution is lower with respect to plasma. ABTS* reduction by erythrocytes and its enhancement by polyphenols were inhibited by thiol reagents (N-ethylmaleimide and iodacetate). These reagents inhibited also the reduction of extracellular ferricyanide by erythrocytes and its enhancement by polyphenols. On this basis we postulate that the contribution of erythrocytes to the blood OSC estimated by ABTS* decolorization is at least partly due to the transmembrane-reducing system, which activity is routinely assayed by ferricyanide reduction.
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Baker MA, Hetherington L, Weinberg A, Naumovski N, Velkov T, Pelzing M, Dolman S, Condina MR, Aitken RJ. Analysis of phosphopeptide changes as spermatozoa acquire functional competence in the epididymis demonstrates changes in the post-translational modification of Izumo1. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5252-64. [PMID: 22954305 DOI: 10.1021/pr300468m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Spermatozoa are functionally inert when they emerge from the testes. Functional competence is conferred upon these cells during a post-testicular phase of sperm maturation in the epididymis. Remarkably, this functional transformation of epididymal spermatozoa occurs in the absence of nuclear gene transcription or protein translation. To understand the cellular mechanisms underpinning epididymal maturation, we have performed a label-free, MS-based, comparative quantification of peptides from caput, corpus and caudal epididymal spermatozoa. In total, 68 phosphopeptide changes could be detected during epididymal maturation corresponding to the identification of 22 modified proteins. Included in this list are the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter, the sperm specific serine kinase 1, AKAP4 and protein kinase A regulatory subunit. Furthermore, four phosphopeptide changes came from Izumo1, the sperm-egg fusion protein, in the cytoplasmic segment of the protein. 2D-PAGE confirmed that Izumo1 is post-translationally modified during epididymal transit. Interestingly, phosphorylation on Izumo1 was detected on residue S339 in the caput and corpus but not caudal cells. Furthermore, Izumo1 exhibited four phosphorylated residues when spermatozoa reached the cauda, which were absent from caput cells. A model is advanced suggesting that these phospho-regulations are likely to act as a scaffold for the association of adaptor proteins with Izumo1 as these cells prepare for fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Baker
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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46
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Aitken RJ, Whiting S, De Iuliis GN, McClymont S, Mitchell LA, Baker MA. Electrophilic aldehydes generated by sperm metabolism activate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis by targeting succinate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:33048-60. [PMID: 22851170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.366690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major cause of defective sperm function in cases of male infertility. Such stress is known to be associated with high levels of superoxide production by the sperm mitochondria; however, the causes of this aberrant activity are unknown. Here we show that electrophilic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and acrolein, generated as a result of lipid peroxidation, target the mitochondria of human spermatozoa and stimulate mitochondrial superoxide generation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The activation of mitochondrial electron leakage by 4HNE is shown to involve the disruption of succinate dehydrogenase activity and subsequent activation of an intrinsic apoptotic cascade beginning with a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and terminating in oxidative DNA adduct formation, DNA strand breakage, and cell death. A tight correlation between spontaneous mitochondrial superoxide generation and 4HNE content (R(2) = 0.89) in untreated populations of human spermatozoa emphasized the pathophysiological significance of these findings. The latter also provide a biochemical explanation for the self-perpetuating nature of oxidative stress in the male germ line, with the products of lipid peroxidation stimulating free radical generation by the sperm mitochondria in a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and IT, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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47
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Robert N, d'Erfurth I, Marmagne A, Erhardt M, Allot M, Boivin K, Gissot L, Monachello D, Michaud M, Duchêne AM, Barbier-Brygoo H, Maréchal-Drouard L, Ephritikhine G, Filleur S. Voltage-dependent-anion-channels (VDACs) in Arabidopsis have a dual localization in the cell but show a distinct role in mitochondria. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 78:431-46. [PMID: 22294207 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are predominant proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where they contribute to the exchange of small metabolites essential for respiration. They were shown to be as well associated with the plasma membrane (PM) and act as redox enzyme or are involved in ATP release for example. In Arabidopsis, we show that four out of six genomic sequences encode AtVDAC proteins. All four AtVDACs are ubiquitously expressed in the plant but each of them displays a specific expression pattern in root cell types. Using two complementary approaches, we demonstrate conclusively that the four expressed AtVDACs are targeted to both mitochondria and plasma membrane but in differential abundance, AtVDAC3 being the most abundant in PM, and conversely, AtVDAC4 almost exclusively associated with mitochondria. These are the first plant proteins to be shown to reside in both these two membranes. To investigate a putative function of AtVDACs, we analyzed T-DNA insertion lines in each of the corresponding genes. Knock-out mutants for AtVDAC1, AtVDAC2 and AtVDAC4 present slow growth, reduced fertility and yellow spots in leaves when atvdac3 does not show any visible difference compared to wildtype plants. Analyses of atvdac1 and atvdac4 reveal that yellow areas correspond to necrosis and the mitochondria are swollen in these two mutants. All these results suggest that, in spite of a localization in plasma membrane for three of them, AtVDAC1, AtVDAC2 and AtVDAC4 have a main function in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Robert
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS-UPR 2355, Bât. 22, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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48
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Crane FL, Löw H. The oxidative function of diferric transferrin. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:592806. [PMID: 22400117 PMCID: PMC3286898 DOI: 10.1155/2012/592806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence for an unexpected role of diferric transferrin as a terminal oxidase for the transplasma membrane oxidation of cytosolic NADH. In the original studies which showed the reduction of iron in transferrin by the plasma membranes NADH oxidase, the possible role of the reduction on iron uptake was emphasized. The rapid reoxidation of transferrin iron under aerobic conditions precludes a role for surface reduction at neutral pH for release of iron for uptake at the plasma membrane. The stimulation of cytosolic NADH oxidation by diferric transferrin indicates that the transferrin can act as a terminal oxidase for the transplasma membrane NADH oxidase or can bind to a site which activates the oxidase. Since plasma membrane NADH oxidases clearly play a role in cell signaling, the relation of ferric transferrin stimulation of NADH oxidase to cell control should be considered, especially in relation to the growth promotion by transferrin not related to iron uptake. The oxidase can also contribute to control of cytosolic NAD concentration, and thereby can activate sirtuins for control of ageing and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L. Crane
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hans Löw
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sridharan M, Bowles EA, Richards JP, Krantic M, Davis KL, Dietrich KA, Stephenson AH, Ellsworth ML, Sprague RS. Prostacyclin receptor-mediated ATP release from erythrocytes requires the voltage-dependent anion channel. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H553-9. [PMID: 22159995 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00998.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes have been implicated as controllers of vascular caliber by virtue of their ability to release the vasodilator ATP in response to local physiological and pharmacological stimuli. The regulated release of ATP from erythrocytes requires activation of a signaling pathway involving G proteins (G(i) or G(s)), adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase A, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator as well as a final conduit through which this highly charged anion exits the cell. Although pannexin 1 has been shown to be the final conduit for ATP release from human erythrocytes in response to reduced oxygen tension, it does not participate in transport of ATP following stimulation of the prostacyclin (IP) receptor in these cells, which suggests that an additional protein must be involved. Using antibodies directed against voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)1, we confirm that this protein is present in human erythrocyte membranes. To address the role of VDAC in ATP release, two structurally dissimilar VDAC inhibitors, Bcl-x(L) BH4(4-23) and TRO19622, were used. In response to the IP receptor agonists, iloprost and UT-15C, ATP release was inhibited by both VDAC inhibitors although neither iloprost-induced cAMP accumulation nor total intracellular ATP concentration were altered. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that VDAC is the ATP conduit in the IP receptor-mediated signaling pathway in human erythrocytes. In addition, neither the pannexin inhibitor carbenoxolone nor Bcl-x(L) BH4(4-23) attenuated ATP release in response to incubation of erythrocytes with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol, suggesting the presence of yet another channel for ATP release from human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Sridharan
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO 63104, USA.
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50
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Bisharyan Y, Clark TG. Calcium-dependent mitochondrial extrusion in ciliated protozoa. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:909-18. [PMID: 21856451 PMCID: PMC3206207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that ciliated protozoa can jettison mitochondria as intact organelles, releasing their contents to the extracellular space either in a soluble form, or in association with membrane vesicles at the cell periphery. The response is triggered by lateral clustering of GPI-anchored surface antigens, or by heat shock. In the first instance, extrusion is accompanied by elevated levels of intracellular calcium and is inhibited by Verapamil and BAPTA-AM arguing strongly for the involvement of calcium in triggering the response. Cells survive mitochondrial discharge raising the interesting possibility that extrusion is an early evolutionary adaptation to cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Bisharyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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