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Bhat SA, Malla AB, Oddi V, Sen J, Bhandari R. Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 is essential for cell junction integrity in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119596. [PMID: 37742721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) are enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of the inositol pyrophosphate 5-IP7 which is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes in mammals. The IP6K paralog IP6K1 is expressed at high levels in the mammalian testis, and its deletion leads to sterility in male mice. Here, we show that the loss of IP6K1 in mice causes a delay in the first wave of spermatogenesis. Testes from juvenile Ip6k1 knockout mice show downregulation of transcripts that are involved in cell adhesion and formation of the testis-specific inter-Sertoli cell impermeable junction complex known as the blood-testis barrier (BTB). We demonstrate that loss of IP6K1 in the mouse testis causes BTB disruption associated with transcriptional misregulation of the tight junction protein claudin 3, and subcellular mislocalization of the gap junction protein connexin 43. In addition to BTB disruption, we also observe a loss of germ cell adhesion in the seminiferous epithelium of Ip6k1 knockout mice, ultimately resulting in premature sloughing of round spermatids into the epididymis. Mechanistically, we show that loss of IP6K1 in the testis enhances cofilin dephosphorylation in conjunction with increased AKT/ERK and integrin signalling, resulting in destabilization of the actin-based cytoskeleton in Sertoli cells and germ cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ahmed Bhat
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Aushaq Bashir Malla
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Vineesha Oddi
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Jayraj Sen
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India; Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rashna Bhandari
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India.
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2
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Naranjo O, Torices S, Clifford PR, Rodriguez T, Osborne OM, Tiburcio D, Fattakhov N, Park M, Stevenson M, Toborek M. AKT signaling modulates latent viral reservoir viability in HIV-1-infected blood-brain barrier pericytes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105526. [PMID: 38043797 PMCID: PMC10777012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), chronic forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) affect an estimated 50% of individuals living with HIV, greatly impacting their quality of life. The prevailing theory of HAND progression posits that chronic inflammation arising from the activation of latent viral reservoirs leads to progressive damage in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent evidence indicates that blood-brain barrier (BBB) pericytes are capable of active HIV-1 infection; however, their latent infection has not been defined. Given their location and function, BBB pericytes are poised to be a key viral reservoir in the development of HAND. We present the first transcriptional analysis of uninfected, active, and latent human BBB pericytes, revealing distinct transcriptional phenotypes. In addition, we demonstrate that latent infection of BBB pericytes relies on AKT signaling for reservoir survival. These findings provide insight into the state of reservoir maintenance in the CNS during HIV-1 infection and provide novel targets for reservoir clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paul R Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Thaidy Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Olivia M Osborne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Destiny Tiburcio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Minseon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mario Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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Chakraborty S, Ramasubbu K, Banerjee M, Balaji MP, Vinayagam Y, V DR. A systematic review on the molecular and clinical association between Human Papillomavirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infection in Head, Neck and Oral squamous cell carcinoma. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2462. [PMID: 37280764 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer, one of the most commonly prevalent malignancies globally is a complex category of tumours that comprises cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. A specific subgroup of such cancers has been found with some unique chromosomal, therapeutic, and epidemiologic traits with the possibility of affecting via co-infection. About 25% of all head and neck cancers in the population are human papillomavirus infection (HPV)-associated, typically developing in the oropharynx, which comprises the tonsils. In the period of efficient combined antiviral treatment, HPV-positive oral cancers are also becoming a significant contributor to illness and fatality for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected persons. Although the prevalence and historical background of oral HPV transmission are not thoroughly understood, it seems likely that oral HPV transmission is relatively frequent in HIV-infected people when compared to the overall population. Therefore, there is a need to understand the mechanisms leading to this co-infection, as there is very little research related to that. Hence, this study mainly focus on the therapeutical and biomedical analysis of HPV and HIV co-infection in the above-mentioned cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manosi Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Menaka Priya Balaji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yamini Vinayagam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devi Rajeswari V
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rotshenker S. Galectin-3 (MAC-2) controls phagocytosis and macropinocytosis through intracellular and extracellular mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:949079. [PMID: 36274989 PMCID: PMC9581057 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.949079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3; formally named MAC-2) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin. Various cell types produce Gal-3 under either normal conditions and/or pathological conditions. Gal-3 can be present in cells' nuclei and cytoplasm, secreted from producing cells, and associated with cells' plasma membranes. This review focuses on how Gal-3 controls phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. Intracellular and extracellular Gal-3 promotes the phagocytosis of phagocytic targets/cargo (e.g., tissue debris and apoptotic cells) in “professional phagocytes” (e.g., microglia and macrophages) and “non-professional phagocytes” (e.g., Schwann cells and astrocytes). Intracellularly, Gal-3 promotes phagocytosis by controlling the “eat me” signaling pathways that phagocytic receptors generate, directing the cytoskeleton to produce the mechanical forces that drive the structural changes on which phagocytosis depends, protrusion and then retraction of filopodia and lamellipodia as they, respectively, engulf and then internalize phagocytic targets. Extracellularly, Gal-3 promotes phagocytosis by functioning as an opsonin, linking phagocytic targets to phagocytic receptors, activating them to generate the “eat me” signaling pathways. Macropinocytosis is a non-selective endocytic mechanism that various cells use to internalize the bulk of extracellular fluid and included materials/cargo (e.g., dissolved nutrients, proteins, and pathogens). Extracellular and intracellular Gal-3 control macropinocytosis in some types of cancer. Phagocytosed and macropinocytosed targets/cargo that reach lysosomes for degradation may rupture lysosomal membranes. Damaged lysosomal membranes undergo either repair or removal by selective autophagy (i.e., lysophagy) that intracellular Gal-3 controls.
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Abbaszadegan MR, Mojarrad M, Rahimi HR, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular biology of gastric cancer among Iranian patients: an update. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is a declining trend of gastric cancer (GC) incidence in the world during recent years that is related to the development of novel diagnostic methods. However, there is still a high ratio of GC mortality among the Iranian population that can be associated with late diagnosis. Despite various reports about the novel diagnostic markers, there is not any general and standard diagnostic panel marker for Iranian GC patients. Therefore, it is required to determine an efficient and general panel of molecular markers for early detection.
Main body of the abstract
In the present review, we summarized all of the reported markers until now among Iranian GC patients to pave the way for the determination of a population-based diagnostic panel of markers. In this regard, we categorized these markers in different groups based on their involved processes to know which molecular process is more frequent during the GC progression among Iranians.
Conclusion
We observed that the non-coding RNAs are the main factors involved in GC tumorigenesis in this population.
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Pasquereau S, Herbein G. CounterAKTing HIV: Toward a “Block and Clear” Strategy? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:827717. [PMID: 35186800 PMCID: PMC8856111 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.827717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase B or Akt is a central regulator of survival, metabolism, growth and proliferation of the cells and is known to be targeted by various viral pathogens, including HIV-1. The central role of Akt makes it a critical player in HIV-1 pathogenesis, notably by affecting viral entry, latency and reactivation, cell survival, viral spread and immune response to the infection. Several HIV proteins activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, to fuel the progression of the infection. Targeting Akt could help control HIV-1 entry, viral latency/replication, cell survival of infected cells, HIV spread from cell-to-cell, and the immune microenvironment which could ultimately allow to curtail the size of the HIV reservoir. Beside the “shock and kill” and “block and lock” strategies, the use of Akt inhibitors in combination with latency inducing agents, could favor the clearance of infected cells and be part of new therapeutic strategies with the goal to “block and clear” HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Pasquereau
- Laboratory Pathogens & Inflammation-Epigenetics of Viral Infections and Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory (EPILAB), University of Franche-Comté, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Laboratory Pathogens & Inflammation-Epigenetics of Viral Infections and Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory (EPILAB), University of Franche-Comté, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
- *Correspondence: Georges Herbein,
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Nieuwenhuis B, Eva R. Promoting axon regeneration in the central nervous system by increasing PI3-kinase signaling. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1172-1182. [PMID: 34782551 PMCID: PMC8643051 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research has focused on the PI3-kinase and PTEN signaling pathway with the aim to stimulate repair of the injured central nervous system. Axons in the central nervous system fail to regenerate, meaning that injuries or diseases that cause loss of axonal connectivity have life-changing consequences. In 2008, genetic deletion of PTEN was identified as a means of stimulating robust regeneration in the optic nerve. PTEN is a phosphatase that opposes the actions of PI3-kinase, a family of enzymes that function to generate the membrane phospholipid PIP3 from PIP2 (phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate from phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate). Deletion of PTEN therefore allows elevated signaling downstream of PI3-kinase, and was initially demonstrated to promote axon regeneration by signaling through mTOR. More recently, additional mechanisms have been identified that contribute to the neuron-intrinsic control of regenerative ability. This review describes neuronal signaling pathways downstream of PI3-kinase and PIP3, and considers them in relation to both developmental and regenerative axon growth. We briefly discuss the key neuron-intrinsic mechanisms that govern regenerative ability, and describe how these are affected by signaling through PI3-kinase. We highlight the recent finding of a developmental decline in the generation of PIP3 as a key reason for regenerative failure, and summarize the studies that target an increase in signaling downstream of PI3-kinase to facilitate regeneration in the adult central nervous system. Finally, we discuss obstacles that remain to be overcome in order to generate a robust strategy for repairing the injured central nervous system through manipulation of PI3-kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Eva
- John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Romano R, Calcagnile M, Margiotta A, Franci L, Chiariello M, Alifano P, Bucci C. RAB7A Regulates Vimentin Phosphorylation through AKT and PAK. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092220. [PMID: 34066419 PMCID: PMC8125308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAB7A (RAs-related in Brain 7A) is a master regulator of intracellular traffic controlling transport to late endosomes and lysosomes, two organelles of the endocytic pathway important for degradation. Thanks to this function, RAB7A is also involved in cellular processes linked to cancer, such as apoptosis, cytoskeletal reorganization, and cell migration. Therefore, the interest in the role of RAB7A in cancer progression is increasing. Previously, we demonstrated that RAB7A regulates phosphorylation and assembly of vimentin, a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein, which is also an important mesenchymal marker of cancer cells. The aim of the present study is the identification of the kinases responsible for vimentin phosphorylation whose activity is affected by the modulation of RAB7A expression. We found that RAB7A is able to regulate AKT (also called protein kinase B or PKB) and PAK1 (P21-Activated Kinase 1) and several of their downstream effectors, which control proliferation, apoptosis, survival, migration, and invasion. These data suggest that RAB7A could have a key role in cancer development. Abstract RAB7A is a small GTPase that controls the late endocytic pathway but also cell migration through RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) and vimentin. In fact, RAB7A regulates vimentin phosphorylation at different sites and vimentin assembly, and, in this study, we identified vimentin domains interacting with RAB7A. As several kinases could be responsible for vimentin phosphorylation, we investigated whether modulation of RAB7A expression affects the activity of these kinases. We discovered that RAB7A regulates AKT and PAK1, and we demonstrated that increased vimentin phosphorylation at Ser38 (Serine 38), observed upon RAB7A overexpression, is due to AKT activity. As AKT and PAK1 are key regulators of several cellular events, we investigated if RAB7A could have a role in these processes by modulating AKT and PAK1 activity. We found that RAB7A protein levels affected beta-catenin and caspase 9 expression. We also observed the downregulation of cofilin-1 and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity upon RAB7A silencing. Altogether these results demonstrate that RAB7A regulates AKT and PAK1 kinases, affecting their downstream effectors and the processes they regulate, suggesting that RAB7A could have a role in a number of cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Azzurra Margiotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Franci
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (M.C.)
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, La Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (M.C.)
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, La Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-298900
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9
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Bolger-Munro M, Choi K, Cheung F, Liu YT, Dang-Lawson M, Deretic N, Keane C, Gold MR. The Wdr1-LIMK-Cofilin Axis Controls B Cell Antigen Receptor-Induced Actin Remodeling and Signaling at the Immune Synapse. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649433. [PMID: 33928084 PMCID: PMC8076898 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
When B cells encounter membrane-bound antigens, the formation and coalescence of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) microclusters amplifies BCR signaling. The ability of B cells to probe the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and respond to APC-bound antigens requires remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Initial BCR signaling stimulates actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization, which drives B cell spreading as well as the centripetal movement and coalescence of BCR microclusters at the B cell-APC synapse. Sustained actin polymerization depends on concomitant actin filament depolymerization, which enables the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. Cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments is a rate-limiting step in the morphological changes that occur during immune synapse formation. Hence, regulators of cofilin activity such as WD repeat-containing protein 1 (Wdr1), LIM domain kinase (LIMK), and coactosin-like 1 (Cotl1) may also be essential for actin-dependent processes in B cells. Wdr1 enhances cofilin-mediated actin disassembly. Conversely, Cotl1 competes with cofilin for binding to actin and LIMK phosphorylates cofilin and prevents it from binding to actin filaments. We now show that Wdr1 and LIMK have distinct roles in BCR-induced assembly of the peripheral actin structures that drive B cell spreading, and that cofilin, Wdr1, and LIMK all contribute to the actin-dependent amplification of BCR signaling at the immune synapse. Depleting Cotl1 had no effect on these processes. Thus, the Wdr1-LIMK-cofilin axis is critical for BCR-induced actin remodeling and for B cell responses to APC-bound antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Bolger-Munro
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Choi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faith Cheung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Tian Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - May Dang-Lawson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nikola Deretic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Connor Keane
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Werle SD, Schwab JD, Tatura M, Kirchhoff S, Szekely R, Diels R, Ikonomi N, Sipos B, Sperveslage J, Gress TM, Buchholz M, Kestler HA. Unraveling the Molecular Tumor-Promoting Regulation of Cofilin-1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:725. [PMID: 33578795 PMCID: PMC7916621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilin-1 (CFL1) overexpression in pancreatic cancer correlates with high invasiveness and shorter survival. Besides a well-documented role in actin remodeling, additional cellular functions of CFL1 remain poorly understood. Here, we unraveled molecular tumor-promoting functions of CFL1 in pancreatic cancer. For this purpose, we first show that a knockdown of CFL1 results in reduced growth and proliferation rates in vitro and in vivo, while apoptosis is not induced. By mechanistic modeling we were able to predict the underlying regulation. Model simulations indicate that an imbalance in actin remodeling induces overexpression and activation of CFL1 by acting on transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and aurora kinase A (AURKA). Moreover, we could predict that CFL1 impacts proliferation and apoptosis via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These initial model-based regulations could be substantiated by studying protein levels in pancreatic cancer cell lines and human datasets. Finally, we identified the surface protein CD44 as a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer patients with high CFL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke D. Werle
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Julian D. Schwab
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Marina Tatura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Sandra Kirchhoff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Robin Szekely
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Ramona Diels
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Nensi Ikonomi
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Sperveslage
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Thomas M. Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (M.T.); (S.K.); (R.D.); (T.M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.D.W.); (J.D.S.); (R.S.); (N.I.)
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11
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Song S, Zhang Y, Ding T, Ji N, Zhao H. The Dual Role of Macropinocytosis in Cancers: Promoting Growth and Inducing Methuosis to Participate in Anticancer Therapies as Targets. Front Oncol 2021; 10:570108. [PMID: 33542897 PMCID: PMC7851083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.570108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an important mechanism of internalizing extracellular materials and dissolved molecules in eukaryotic cells. Macropinocytosis has a dual effect on cancer cells. On the one hand, cells expressing RAS genes (such as K-RAS, H-RAS) under the stress of nutrient deficiency can spontaneously produce constitutive macropinocytosis to promote the growth of cancer cells by internalization of extracellular nutrients (like proteins), receptors, and extracellular vesicles(EVs). On the other hand, abnormal expression of RAS genes and drug treatment (such as MOMIPP) can induce a novel cell death associated with hyperactivated macropinocytosis: methuosis. Based on the dual effect, there is immense potential for designing anticancer therapies that target macropinocytosis in cancer cells. In view of the fact that there has been little review of the dual effect of macropinocytosis in cancer cells, herein, we systematically review the general process of macropinocytosis, its specific manifestation in cancer cells, and its application in cancer treatment, including anticancer drug delivery and destruction of macropinocytosis. This review aims to serve as a reference for studying macropinocytosis in cancers and designing macropinocytosis-targeting anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Sackmann E, Tanaka M. Critical role of lipid membranes in polarization and migration of cells: a biophysical view. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:123-138. [PMID: 33747247 PMCID: PMC7930189 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration plays vital roles in many biologically relevant processes such as tissue morphogenesis and cancer metastasis, and it has fascinated biophysicists over the past several decades. However, despite an increasing number of studies highlighting the orchestration of proteins involved in different signaling pathways, the functional roles of lipid membranes have been essentially overlooked. Lipid membranes are generally considered to be a functionless two-dimensional matrix of proteins, although many proteins regulating cell migration gain functions only after they are recruited to the membrane surface and self-organize their functional domains. In this review, we summarize how the logistical recruitment and release of proteins to and from lipid membranes coordinates complex spatiotemporal molecular processes. As predicted from the classical framework of the Smoluchowski equation of diffusion, lipid/protein membranes serve as a 2D reaction hub that contributes to the effective and robust regulation of polarization and migration of cells involving several competing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Sackmann
- Physics Department E22/E27, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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13
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Ben Zablah Y, Merovitch N, Jia Z. The Role of ADF/Cofilin in Synaptic Physiology and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594998. [PMID: 33282872 PMCID: PMC7688896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin, a family of actin-binding proteins, are critical for the regulation of actin reorganization in response to various signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that ADF/cofilin also play important roles in neuronal structure and function, including long-term potentiation and depression. These are the most extensively studied forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and are widely regarded as cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. ADF/cofilin regulate synaptic function through their effects on dendritic spines and the trafficking of glutamate receptors, the principal mediator of excitatory synaptic transmission in vertebrates. Regulation of ADF/cofilin involves various signaling pathways converging on LIM domain kinases and slingshot phosphatases, which phosphorylate/inactivate and dephosphorylate/activate ADF/cofilin, respectively. Actin-depolymerization factor/cofilin activity is also regulated by other actin-binding proteins, activity-dependent subcellular distribution and protein translation. Abnormalities in ADF/cofilin have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, investigating the roles of ADF/cofilin in the brain is not only important for understanding the fundamental processes governing neuronal structure and function, but also may provide potential therapeutic strategies to treat brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssif Ben Zablah
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Merovitch
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Masson SWC, Sorrenson B, Shepherd PR, Merry TL. β-catenin regulates muscle glucose transport via actin remodelling and M-cadherin binding. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101091. [PMID: 33011305 PMCID: PMC7568189 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Skeletal muscle glucose disposal following a meal is mediated through insulin-stimulated movement of the GLUT4-containing vesicles to the cell surface. The highly conserved scaffold-protein β-catenin is an emerging regulator of vesicle trafficking in other tissues. Here, we investigated the involvement of β-catenin in skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Methods Glucose homeostasis and transport was investigated in inducible muscle specific β-catenin knockout (BCAT-mKO) mice. The effect of β-catenin deletion and mutation of β-catenin serine 552 on signal transduction, glucose uptake and protein–protein interactions were determined in L6-G4-myc cells, and β-catenin insulin-responsive binding partners were identified via immunoprecipitation coupled to label-free proteomics. Results Skeletal muscle specific deletion of β-catenin impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into muscle independent of canonical Wnt signalling. In response to insulin, β-catenin was phosphorylated at serine 552 in an Akt-dependent manner, and in L6-G4-myc cells, mutation of β-cateninS552 impaired insulin-induced actin-polymerisation, resulting in attenuated insulin-induced glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation. β-catenin was found to interact with M-cadherin in an insulin-dependent β-cateninS552-phosphorylation dependent manner, and loss of M-cadherin in L6-G4-myc cells attenuated insulin-induced actin-polymerisation and glucose transport. Conclusions Our data suggest that β-catenin is a novel mediator of glucose transport in skeletal muscle and may contribute to insulin-induced actin-cytoskeleton remodelling to support GLUT4 translocation. Deletion of β-catenin from the muscles of adult mice attenuates skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Insulin stimulates phosphorylation of β-cateninS552 by a mechanism involving Akt, and this is required for insulin's effects on both GLUT4 trafficking and actin remodelling. Insulin promotes β-catenin/M-cadherin binding, to support cortical actin remodelling associated with GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart W C Masson
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brie Sorrenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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15
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Han F, Xu H, Shen JX, Pan C, Yu ZH, Chen JJ, Zhu XL, Cai YF, Lu YP. RhoA/Rock2/Limk1/cofilin1 pathway is involved in attenuation of neuronal dendritic spine loss by paeonol in the frontal cortex of D-galactose and aluminum-induced Alzheimer’s disease-like rat model. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Tedeschi A, Dupraz S, Curcio M, Laskowski CJ, Schaffran B, Flynn KC, Santos TE, Stern S, Hilton BJ, Larson MJE, Gurniak CB, Witke W, Bradke F. ADF/Cofilin-Mediated Actin Turnover Promotes Axon Regeneration in the Adult CNS. Neuron 2019; 103:1073-1085.e6. [PMID: 31400829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Injured axons fail to regenerate in the adult CNS, which contrasts with their vigorous growth during embryonic development. We explored the potential of re-initiating axon extension after injury by reactivating the molecular mechanisms that drive morphogenetic transformation of neurons during development. Genetic loss- and gain-of-function experiments followed by time-lapse microscopy, in vivo imaging, and whole-mount analysis show that axon regeneration is fueled by elevated actin turnover. Actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin controls actin turnover to sustain axon regeneration after spinal cord injury through its actin-severing activity. This pinpoints ADF/cofilin as a key regulator of axon growth competence, irrespective of developmental stage. These findings reveal the central role of actin dynamics regulation in this process and elucidate a core mechanism underlying axon growth after CNS trauma. Thereby, neurons maintain the capacity to stimulate developmental programs during adult life, expanding their potential for plasticity. Thus, actin turnover is a key process for future regenerative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tedeschi
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dupraz
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Curcio
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia J Laskowski
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Schaffran
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin C Flynn
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Telma E Santos
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sina Stern
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brett J Hilton
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Molly J E Larson
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christine B Gurniak
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Walter Witke
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Singla B, Lin HP, Ghoshal P, Cherian-Shaw M, Csányi G. PKCδ stimulates macropinocytosis via activation of SSH1-cofilin pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 53:111-121. [PMID: 30261270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an actin-dependent endocytic mechanism mediating internalization of extracellular fluid and associated solutes into cells. The present study was designed to identify the specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoform(s) and downstream effectors regulating actin dynamics during macropinocytosis. We utilized various cellular and molecular biology techniques, pharmacological inhibitors and genetically modified mice to study the signaling mechanisms mediating macropinocytosis in macrophages. The qRT-PCR experiments identified PKCδ as the predominant PKC isoform in macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis of FITC-dextran internalization demonstrated the functional role of PKCδ in phorbol ester- and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced macropinocytosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that phorbol ester and HGF stimulate activation of slingshot phosphatase homolog 1 (SSH1) and induce cofilin Ser-3 dephosphorylation via PKCδ in macrophages. Silencing of SSH1 inhibited cofilin dephosphorylation and macropinocytosis stimulation. Interestingly, we also found that incubation of macrophages with BMS-5, a potent inhibitor of LIM kinase, does not stimulate macropinocytosis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrate a previously unidentified mechanism by which PKCδ via activation of SSH1 and cofilin dephosphorylation stimulates membrane ruffle formation and macropinocytosis. The results of the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms during macrophage macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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18
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Daryabari SS, Safaralizadeh R, Hosseinpourfeizi M, Moaddab Y, Shokouhi B. Overexpression of SSH1 in gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:728-733. [PMID: 30151269 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.03.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma is known to be the fourth most common cancer type and the second cause of cancer-related deaths. Movement and invasion of cancer cells is one of the major characteristics of the cancer phenotype that various types of network regulate this. Expression levels of slingshot diphosphatase 1 (SSH1) gene has been modulated in this pathway. SSH1 acts as a dephosphorylation and activator of cofilin that this regulating and activating by SSH1 can play a major role in the mobility and migration of the cell. The aim of this study was to compare the expression level of SSH1 genes between tumor and corresponding adjacent non tumor gastric tissues and healthy tissue of gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods In this study, mRNA of 40 gastric adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent non tumor gastric tissues and 15 healthy biopsy samples was extracted, then after cDNA synthesis, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure gene expression. Results According to REST analysis, the relative expression of SSH1 was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues compared to the corresponding adjacent non tumor gastric tissue samples and normal tissue. Nevertheless, the result revealed no substantial correlation between the expression levels of SSH1 with clinical features. The biomarker index for SSH1 was obtained as 0.89. Conclusions The results obtained from investigating SSH1 expression are indicative of significant changes in the expression of this gene in gastric adenocarcinoma. This gene can also be used as a biomarker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastroenterology Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Shokouhi
- Pathology Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Coumans JVF, Davey RJ, Moens PDJ. Cofilin and profilin: partners in cancer aggressiveness. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1323-1335. [PMID: 30027463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers aspects of cofilin and profilin regulations and their influence on actin polymerisation responsible for cell motility and metastasis. The regulation of their activity by phosphorylation and nitration, miRs, PI(4,5)P2 binding, pH, oxidative stress and post-translational modification is described. In this review, we have highlighted selected similarities, complementarities and differences between the two proteins and how their interplay affects actin filament dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle V F Coumans
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Rhonda J Davey
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Pierre D J Moens
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
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20
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Maimaiti Y, Maimaitiming M, Li Y, Aibibula S, Ainiwaer A, Aili A, Sun Z, Abudureyimu K. SSH1 expression is associated with gastric cancer progression and predicts a poor prognosis. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:12. [PMID: 29338701 PMCID: PMC5771149 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) plays an important role in pathological processes, including in the occurrence and development of tumours. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SSH1 is a key biomarker with prognostic value for survival in patients with gastric cancer. Methods We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays containing 100 gastric cancer specimens to evaluate SSH1 protein expression. The association of pathological characteristics with cumulative survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was generated in the multi-factorial survival analysis to identify univariate prognostic factors of GC. Results SSH1 expression level in gastric cancer tissues was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.032). Additionally, multivariate regression analysis clearly indicated that SSH1 expression was significantly correlated with poor clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.016). Multivariate analyses showed that SSH1 was the best predictor of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.030). Conclusions SSH1 expression is associated with gastric cancer progression and predicts a poor prognosis. SSH1 may play an important role in the development of gastric cancer, and it is a promising target for prevention and/or treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusufu Maimaiti
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Maimaitiaili Maimaitiming
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Saifuding Aibibula
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Azatijiang Ainiwaer
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Aikebaier Aili
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Kelimu Abudureyimu
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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21
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Breitbart H, Finkelstein M. Actin cytoskeleton and sperm function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 506:372-377. [PMID: 29102633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For the acquisition of the ability to fertilize the egg, mammalian spermatozoa should undergo a series of biochemical transformations in the female reproductive tract, collectively called capacitation. The capacitated sperm can undergo the acrosomal exocytosis process near or on the oocyte, which allows the spermatozoon to penetrate and fertilize it. One of the main processes in capacitation involves dynamic cytoskeletal remodeling particularly of actin. Actin polymerization occurs during sperm capacitation and the produced F-actin should be depolymerized prior to the acrosomal exocytosis. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms that regulate F-actin formation during sperm capacitation and the F-actin dispersion prior to the acrosomal exocytosis. During sperm capacitation, the actin severing proteins gelsolin and cofilin are inactive and they undergo activation prior to the acrosomal exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Breitbart
- The Mina & Everard Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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22
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Chen C, Maimaiti Y, Zhijun S, Zeming L, Yawen G, Pan Y, Tao H. Slingshot-1L, a cofilin phosphatase, induces primary breast cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66195-66203. [PMID: 29029503 PMCID: PMC5630403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Slingshot (SSH) is a member of the conserved family of cofilin phosphatases that plays a critical role in cell membrane protrusion and migration by transforming inactive phosphorylated cofilin to an active form. SSH-like protein 1 (SSH-1L) expression is detected in various types of tumors; insulin induces the phosphatases activity of SSH-1L in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner. However, little is known about the expression and role of SSH-1L in breast cancer. Here, we analyzed 295 human breast cancer tissue specimens for SSH-1L expression by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between SSH-1L level and patients' clinical characteristics was analyzed with Pearson's χ2 test. The function of SSH-1L was evaluated by gene knockdown and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of cofilin expression in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell lines. SSH-1L expression was detected in 88.1% of tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry and was strongly associated with increased metastasis and mortality. Loss of SSH-1L expression decreased the nonphosphorylated, active form of cofilin in SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, which was associated with reduced cell motility. Accordingly, SSH-1L/cofilin signaling played a critical role in primary breast cancer metastasis and was a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yusufu Maimaiti
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, P.R. China
| | - Shen Zhijun
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, P.R. China
| | - Liu Zeming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guo Yawen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Huang Tao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
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23
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Ghoshal P, Singla B, Lin H, Feck DM, Cantu-Medellin N, Kelley EE, Haigh S, Fulton D, Csányi G. Nox2-Mediated PI3K and Cofilin Activation Confers Alternate Redox Control of Macrophage Pinocytosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:902-916. [PMID: 27488058 PMCID: PMC5455614 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Internalization of extracellular fluid and its solute by macropinocytosis requires dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton, membrane ruffling, and formation of large endocytic vacuolar compartments, called macropinosomes, inside the cell. Although instigators of macropinocytosis, such as growth factors and phorbol esters, stimulate NADPH oxidase (Nox) activation and signal transduction mediators upstream of Nox assembly, including Rac1 and protein kinase C (PKC), are involved in macropinocytosis, the role of Nox enzymes in macropinocytosis has never been investigated. This study was designed to examine the role of Nox2 and the potential downstream redox signaling involved in macropinocytosis. RESULTS Phorbol myristate acetate activation of human and murine macrophages stimulated membrane ruffling, macropinosome formation, and subsequent uptake of macromolecules by macropinocytosis. Mechanistically, we found that pharmacological blockade of PKC, transcriptional knockdown of Nox2, and scavenging of intracellular superoxide anion abolished phorbol ester-induced macropinocytosis. We observed that Nox2-derived reactive oxygen species via inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog and activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway lead to activation of actin-binding protein cofilin, membrane ruffling, and macropinocytosis. Similarly, activation of macropinocytosis by macrophage colony-stimulating factor involves Nox2-mediated cofilin activation. Furthermore, peritoneal chimera experiments indicate that macropinocytotic uptake of lipids in hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- mice was attenuated in Nox2y/- macrophages compared with wild-type controls. Innovation and Conclusion: In summary, these findings demonstrate a novel Nox2-mediated mechanism of solute uptake via macropinocytosis, with broad implications for both general cellular physiology and pathological processes. The redox mechanism described here may also identify new targets in atherosclerosis and other disease conditions involving macropinocytosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 902-916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpankur Ghoshal
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Huiping Lin
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Douglas M Feck
- 2 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadiezhda Cantu-Medellin
- 2 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric E Kelley
- 2 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen Haigh
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David Fulton
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia .,4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Gábor Csányi
- 1 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia .,4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University , Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
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24
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Csányi G, Feck DM, Ghoshal P, Singla B, Lin H, Nagarajan S, Meijles DN, Al Ghouleh I, Cantu-Medellin N, Kelley EE, Mateuszuk L, Isenberg JS, Watkins S, Pagano PJ. CD47 and Nox1 Mediate Dynamic Fluid-Phase Macropinocytosis of Native LDL. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:886-901. [PMID: 27958762 PMCID: PMC5455613 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Macropinocytosis has been implicated in cardiovascular and other disorders, yet physiological factors that initiate fluid-phase internalization and the signaling mechanisms involved remain poorly identified. The present study was designed to examine whether matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) stimulates macrophage macropinocytosis and, if so, to investigate the potential signaling mechanism involved. RESULTS TSP1 treatment of human and murine macrophages stimulated membrane ruffle formation and pericellular solute internalization by macropinocytosis. Blockade of TSP1 cognate receptor CD47 and NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) signaling, inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and transcriptional knockdown of myotubularin-related protein 6 abolished TSP1-induced macropinocytosis. Our results demonstrate that Nox1 signaling leads to dephosphorylation of actin-binding protein cofilin at Ser-3, actin remodeling, and macropinocytotic uptake of unmodified native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL), leading to foam cell formation. Finally, peritoneal chimera studies suggest the role of CD47 in macrophage lipid macropinocytosis in hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- mice in vivo. INNOVATION Activation of a previously unidentified TSP1-CD47 signaling pathway in macrophages stimulates direct receptor-independent internalization of nLDL, leading to significant lipid accumulation and foam cell formation. These findings reveal a new paradigm in which delimited Nox1-mediated redox signaling, independent of classical lipid oxidation, contributes to early propagation of vascular inflammatory disease. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study demonstrate a new mechanism of solute uptake with implications for a wide array of cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and cancer cells, and multiple pathological conditions in which matrix proteins are upregulated. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 886-901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Csányi
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Douglas M Feck
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bhupesh Singla
- 3 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Huiping Lin
- 3 Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel N Meijles
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Imad Al Ghouleh
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadiezhda Cantu-Medellin
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric E Kelley
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- 4 Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics , Kraków, Poland
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,5 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon Watkins
- 6 Center for Biologic Imaging, BSTS, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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25
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Raya-Sandino A, Castillo-Kauil A, Domínguez-Calderón A, Alarcón L, Flores-Benitez D, Cuellar-Perez F, López-Bayghen B, Chávez-Munguía B, Vázquez-Prado J, González-Mariscal L. Zonula occludens-2 regulates Rho proteins activity and the development of epithelial cytoarchitecture and barrier function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1714-1733. [PMID: 28554775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silencing Zonula occludens 2 (ZO-2), a tight junctions (TJ) scaffold protein, in epithelial cells (MDCK ZO-2 KD) triggers: 1) Decreased cell to substratum attachment, accompanied by reduced expression of claudin-7 and integrin β1, and increased vinculin recruitment to focal adhesions and stress fibers formation; 2) Lowered cell-cell aggregation and appearance of wider intercellular spaces; 3) Increased RhoA/ROCK activity, mediated by GEF-HI recruitment to cell borders by cingulin; 4) Increased Cdc42 activity, mitotic spindle disorientation and the appearance of cysts with multiple lumens; 5) Increased Rac and cofilin activity, multiple lamellipodia formation and random cell migration but increased wound closure; 6) Diminished cingulin phosphorylation and disappearance of planar network of microtubules at the TJ region; and 7) Increased transepithelial electrical resistance at steady state, coupled to an increased expression of ZO-1 and claudin-4 and a decreased expression of claudin-2 and paracingulin. Hence, ZO-2 is a crucial regulator of Rho proteins activity and the development of epithelial cytoarchitecture and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Raya-Sandino
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), México D.F. 07360, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Castillo-Kauil
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), México D.F. 07360, Mexico
| | - Alaide Domínguez-Calderón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), México D.F. 07360, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Alarcón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), México D.F. 07360, Mexico
| | - David Flores-Benitez
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco Cuellar-Perez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), México D.F. 07360, Mexico
| | - Bruno López-Bayghen
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), México D.F. 07360, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), México D.F. 07360, Mexico
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), México D.F. 07360, Mexico
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), México D.F. 07360, Mexico.
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26
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Konotop G, Bausch E, Nagai T, Turchinovich A, Becker N, Benner A, Boutros M, Mizuno K, Krämer A, Raab MS. Pharmacological Inhibition of Centrosome Clustering by Slingshot-Mediated Cofilin Activation and Actin Cortex Destabilization. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6690-6700. [PMID: 27634760 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of virtually all types of cancers, including solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Cancer cells with extra centrosomes use centrosome clustering (CC) to allow for successful division. Because normal cells do not rely on this mechanism, CC is regarded as a promising target to selectively eradicate cells harboring supernumerary centrosomes. To identify novel inhibitors of CC, we developed a cell-based high-throughput screen that reports differential drug cytotoxicity for isogenic cell populations with different centrosome contents. We identified CP-673451 and crenolanib, two chemically related compounds originally developed for the inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β), as robust inhibitors of CC with selective cytotoxicity for cells with extra centrosomes. We demonstrate that these compounds induce mitotic spindle multipolarity by activation of the actin-severing protein cofilin, leading to destabilization of the cortical actin network, and provide evidence that this activation is dependent on slingshot phosphatases 1 and 2 but unrelated to PDGFR-β inhibition. More specifically, we found that although both compounds attenuated PDGF-BB-induced signaling, they significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of PDGFR-β downstream effectors, Akt and MEK, in almost all tested cancer cell lines under physiologic conditions. In summary, our data reveal a novel mechanism of CC inhibition depending on cofilin-mediated cortical actin destabilization and identify two clinically relevant compounds interfering with this tumor cell-specific target. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6690-700. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Konotop
- Max-Eder Research Group "Experimental Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Bausch
- Max-Eder Research Group "Experimental Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomoaki Nagai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Andrey Turchinovich
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Becker
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Cancer Research Center and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marc Steffen Raab
- Max-Eder Research Group "Experimental Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Ramirez-Munoz R, Castro-Sánchez P, Roda-Navarro P. Ultrasensitivity in the Cofilin Signaling Module: A Mechanism for Tuning T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2016; 7:59. [PMID: 26925064 PMCID: PMC4759566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasensitivity allows filtering weak activating signals and responding emphatically to small changes in stronger stimuli. In the presence of positive feedback loops, ultrasensitivity enables the existence of bistability, which convert graded stimuli into switch-like, sometimes irreversible, responses. In this perspective, we discuss mechanisms that can potentially generate a bistable response in the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation monocycle that regulates the activity of cofilin in dynamic actin networks. We pay particular attention to the phosphatase Slingshot-1 (SSH-1), which is involved in a reciprocal regulation and a positive feedback loop for cofilin activation. Based on these signaling properties and experimental evidences, we propose that bistability in the cofilin signaling module might be instrumental in T cell responses to antigenic stimulation. Initially, a switch-like response in the amount of active cofilin as a function of SSH-1 activation might assist in controlling the naïve T cell specificity and sensitivity. Second, high concentrations of active cofilin might endow antigen-experienced T cells with faster and more efficient responses. We discuss the cofilin function in the context of T cell receptor triggering and spatial regulation of plasma membrane signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Ramirez-Munoz
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Complutense University and '12 de Octubre' Health Research Institute , Madrid , Spain
| | - Patricia Castro-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Complutense University and '12 de Octubre' Health Research Institute , Madrid , Spain
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Complutense University and '12 de Octubre' Health Research Institute , Madrid , Spain
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28
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PI3Kδ promotes CD4(+) T-cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells by increasing LFA-1 binding to ICAM-1. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:486-95. [PMID: 26740009 PMCID: PMC4829101 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of T lymphocytes by peptide/major histocompatibility complex on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) involves dynamic contacts between the two cells, during which T cells undergo marked morphological changes. These interactions are facilitated by integrins. Activation of the T cells increases the binding of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) expressed by T cells to intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and ICAM-2 expressed by APCs. The signalling pathways that control integrin affinities are incompletely defined. The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) generate second-messenger signalling molecules that control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and trafficking. Here we show that in T cells, PI3Kδ attenuates the activation of Rac1, but sustains the activation of Rap1. Consequently, PI3Kδ increases LFA-1-dependent adhesion to form stable conjugates with APCs. Increased Rap1 activity and LFA-1 adhesion were only in part mediated by the downstream kinase Akt, suggesting the involvement of additional phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)P3-binding proteins. These results establish a link between PI3K activity, cytoskeletal changes and integrin binding and help explain the impaired T-cell-dependent immune responses in PI3Kδ-deficient mice.
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29
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Yamashiro Y, Papke CL, Kim J, Ringuette LJ, Zhang QJ, Liu ZP, Mirzaei H, Wagenseil JE, Davis EC, Yanagisawa H. Abnormal mechanosensing and cofilin activation promote the progression of ascending aortic aneurysms in mice. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra105. [PMID: 26486174 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are intimately associated in the aortic wall. Fbln4(SMKO) mice with an SMC-specific deletion of the Fbln4 gene, which encodes the vascular ECM component fibulin-4, develop ascending aortic aneurysms that have increased abundance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); inhibiting angiotensin II signaling within the first month of life prevents aneurysm development. We used comparative proteomics analysis of Fbln4(SMKO) aortas from postnatal day (P) 1 to P30 mice to identify key molecules involved in aneurysm initiation and expansion. At P14, the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin was dephosphorylated and thus activated, and at P7, the abundance of slingshot-1 (SSH1) phosphatase, an activator of cofilin, was increased, leading to actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Also, by P7, biomechanical changes and underdeveloped elastic lamina-SMC connections were evident, and the abundance of early growth response 1 (Egr1), a mechanosensitive transcription factor that stimulates ACE expression, was increased, which was before the increases in ACE abundance and cofilin activation. Postnatal deletion of Fbln4 in SMCs at P7 prevented cofilin activation and aneurysm formation, suggesting that these processes required disruption of elastic lamina-SMC connections. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in the angiotensin II-mediated activation of SSH1, and administration of PI3K inhibitors from P7 to P30 decreased SSH1 abundance and prevented aneurysms. These results suggest that aneurysm formation arises from abnormal mechanosensing of SMCs resulting from the loss of elastic lamina-SMC connections and from increased SSH1 and cofilin activity, which may be potential therapeutic targets for treating ascending aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christina L Papke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jungsil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lea-Jeanne Ringuette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Qing-Jun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hamid Mirzaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Proteomics Core Unit, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
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30
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The role and importance of cofilin in human sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:665-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Wang Y, Kuramitsu Y, Kitagawa T, Baron B, Yoshino S, Maehara SI, Maehara Y, Oka M, Nakamura K. Cofilin-phosphatase slingshot-1L (SSH1L) is over-expressed in pancreatic cancer (PC) and contributes to tumor cell migration. Cancer Lett 2015; 360:171-6. [PMID: 25684665 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Slingshot-1L (SSH1L), a cofilin-phosphatase, plays a role in actin dynamics and cell migration by reactivating cofilin-1. However, the expression of SSH1L in malignant diseases is poorly understood. The overexpression of SSH1L in cancerous tissue compared to the matched surrounding non-cancerous tissues from patients with late stages (III-IV) of PC was detected in 90% (9/10) of cases by western blotting. The expression of SSH1L was shown to be upregulated in tumor cells from 10.7% (11/102) of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The positive rate of SSH1L in patients with PC at stage VI (TNM) categorized as grade 3 was of 50% (2/4) and 15% (6/40), respectively. Moreover, SSH1L expression was shown to be up-regulated in the PC cell lines (KLM1, PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2) with high metastatic potential. Loss of SSH1L expression was associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of cofilin-1 at serine-3 and further inhibited cell migration (but not proliferation) in KLM1, PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2. Actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin-D was sufficient to abrogate cell migration of PC without changing SSH1L expression. These results reveal that SSH1L is upregulated in a subset of PCs and that the SSH1L/cofilin-1 signal pathway is associated positively in PC with cell migration. Our study may thus provide potential targets to prevent and/or treat PC invasion and metastasis in patients with SSH1L-positive PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Digestive Surgery of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Digestive Surgery of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Digestive Surgery of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Byron Baron
- Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Digestive Surgery of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Yoshino
- Digestive Surgery of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyusyu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashiku, Fukuokashi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyusyu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashiku, Fukuokashi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oka
- Digestive Surgery of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Digestive Surgery of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Centre of Clinical Laboratories, Tokuyama Medical Association Hospital, Shunan, Japan
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Tropomodulin3 is a novel Akt2 effector regulating insulin-stimulated GLUT4 exocytosis through cortical actin remodeling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5951. [PMID: 25575350 PMCID: PMC4354152 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt2 and its downstream effectors mediate insulin-stimulated GLUT4-storage vesicle (GSV) translocation and fusion with the plasma membrane (PM). Using mass spectrometry, we identify actin-capping protein Tropomodulin 3 (Tmod3) as an Akt2-interacting partner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We demonstrate that Tmod3 is phosphorylated at Ser71 on insulin-stimulated Akt2 activation, and Ser71 phosphorylation is required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 PM insertion and glucose uptake. Phosphorylated Tmod3 regulates insulin-induced actin remodelling, an essential step for GSV fusion with the PM. Furthermore, the interaction of Tmod3 with its cognate tropomyosin partner, Tm5NM1 is necessary for GSV exocytosis and glucose uptake. Together these results establish Tmod3 as a novel Akt2 effector that mediates insulin-induced cortical actin remodelling and subsequent GLUT4 membrane insertion. Our findings suggest that defects in cytoskeletal remodelling may contribute to impaired GLUT4 exocytosis and glucose uptake.
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33
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Egami Y, Taguchi T, Maekawa M, Arai H, Araki N. Small GTPases and phosphoinositides in the regulatory mechanisms of macropinosome formation and maturation. Front Physiol 2014; 5:374. [PMID: 25324782 PMCID: PMC4179697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinosome formation requires the sequential activation of numerous signaling pathways that coordinate the actin-driven formation of plasma membrane protrusions (ruffles) and circular ruffles (macropinocytic cups), followed by the closure of these macropinocytic cups into macropinosomes. In the process of macropinosome formation, localized productions of phosphoinositides such as PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 spatiotemporally orchestrate actin polymerization and rearrangement through recruiting and activating a variety of actin-associated proteins. In addition, the sequential activation of small GTPases, which are known to be master regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, plays a pivotal role in parallel with phosphoinositides. To complete macropinosome formation, phosphoinositide breakdown and Rho GTPase deactivation must occur in appropriate timings. After the nascent macropinosomes are formed, phosphoinositides and several Rab GTPases control macropinosome maturation by regulating vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the critical functions of phosphoinositide metabolism and small GTPases in association with their downstream effectors in macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Egami
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University Miki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taguchi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Pathological Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Pathological Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University Miki, Japan
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Homma Y, Kanno SI, Sasaki K, Nishita M, Yasui A, Asano T, Ohashi K, Mizuno K. Insulin receptor substrate-4 binds to Slingshot-1 phosphatase and promotes cofilin dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26302-26313. [PMID: 25100728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilin plays an essential role in cell migration and morphogenesis by enhancing actin filament dynamics via its actin filament-severing activity. Slingshot-1 (SSH1) is a protein phosphatase that plays a crucial role in regulating actin dynamics by dephosphorylating and reactivating cofilin. In this study, we identified insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-4 as a novel SSH1-binding protein. Co-precipitation assays revealed the direct endogenous binding of IRS4 to SSH1. IRS4, but not IRS1 or IRS2, was bound to SSH1. IRS4 was bound to SSH1 mainly through the unique region (amino acids 335-400) adjacent to the C terminus of the phosphotyrosine-binding domain of IRS4. The N-terminal A, B, and phosphatase domains of SSH1 were bound to IRS4 independently. Whereas in vitro phosphatase assays revealed that IRS4 does not directly affect the cofilin phosphatase activity of SSH1, knockdown of IRS4 increased cofilin phosphorylation in cultured cells. Knockdown of IRS4 decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, and treatment with an inhibitor of PI3K increased cofilin phosphorylation. Akt preferentially phosphorylated SSH1 at Thr-826, but expression of a non-phosphorylatable T826A mutant of SSH1 did not affect insulin-induced cofilin dephosphorylation, and an inhibitor of Akt did not increase cofilin phosphorylation. These results suggest that IRS4 promotes cofilin dephosphorylation through sequential activation of PI3K and SSH1 but not through Akt. In addition, IRS4 co-localized with SSH1 in F-actin-rich membrane protrusions in insulin-stimulated cells, which suggests that the association of IRS4 with SSH1 contributes to localized activation of cofilin in membrane protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Homma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan, and
| | - Kazutaka Sasaki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Michiru Nishita
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan, and
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohashi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan,.
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Kim HS, Ullevig SL, Nguyen HN, Vanegas D, Asmis R. Redox regulation of 14-3-3ζ controls monocyte migration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1514-21. [PMID: 24812321 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic stress primes monocytes for accelerated chemokine-mediated adhesion, migration, and recruitment into vascular lesions by increasing actin remodeling. The mechanism linking metabolic stress to accelerated actin turnover and enhanced monocyte migration was not known. We tested the hypothesis that in metabolically primed monocytes, the acceleration of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced chemotaxis is mediated by the hyperactivation of cofilin. APPROACH AND RESULTS Metabolic priming was induced by exposing human THP-1 monocytes to diabetic conditions, that is, human native low-density lipoprotein plus high glucose concentrations. In healthy monocytes, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced the phosphorylation and inactivation of cofilin. This response was completely blocked in metabolically primed monocytes but restored by overexpression of the thiol transferase, glutaredoxin 1. Cofilin kinase, LIM kinase 1, and cofilin phosphatase, Slingshot-1L, were not affected by metabolic stress. However, metabolic priming increased 3.8-fold the S-glutathionylation of the Slingshot-1L-binding protein 14-3-3ζ (zeta), resulting in its caspase-dependent degradation. Glutaredoxin 1 overexpression inhibited low-density lipoprotein plus high glucose-induced S-glutathionylation and degradation of 14-3-3ζ. The C25S mutant of 14-3-3ζ was resistant to both S-glutathionylation and degradation induced by low-density lipoprotein plus high glucose. Overexpression of the C25S mutant restored monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced cofilin phosphorylation and prevented accelerated migration of metabolically stressed monocytes, suggesting that loss of 14-3-3ζ increases the pool of free Slingshot-1L phosphatase, thereby preventing the phosphorylation and deactivation of cofilin in response to chemokine activation. CONCLUSIONS By preventing the inactivation of cofilin, metabolic stress-induced degradation of 14-3-3ζ promotes the conversion of blood monocytes into a hypermigratory, proatherogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Kim
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.S.K., D.V., R.A.); Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio (S.L.U.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.N.N., R.A.)
| | - Sarah L Ullevig
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.S.K., D.V., R.A.); Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio (S.L.U.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.N.N., R.A.)
| | - Huynh Nga Nguyen
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.S.K., D.V., R.A.); Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio (S.L.U.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.N.N., R.A.)
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.S.K., D.V., R.A.); Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio (S.L.U.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.N.N., R.A.)
| | - Reto Asmis
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.S.K., D.V., R.A.); Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio (S.L.U.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (H.N.N., R.A.).
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Li GB, Cheng Q, Liu L, Zhou T, Shan CY, Hu XY, Zhou J, Liu EH, Li P, Gao N. Mitochondrial translocation of cofilin is required for allyl isothiocyanate-mediated cell death via ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:50. [PMID: 23895248 PMCID: PMC3734051 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cofilin is a member of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family, which regulates actin dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial translocation of cofilin appears necessary for the regulation of apoptosis. Results We report that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) potently induces mitochondria injury and apoptosis. These events were accompanied by a loss of polymerized filamentous actin (F-actin) and increase in unpolymerized globular actin (G-actin). AITC also induces dephosphorylation of cofilin through activation of PP1 and PP2A. Only dephosphorylated cofilin binds to G-actin and translocates to mitochondria during AITC-mediated apoptosis. Mechanistic study revealed that interruption of ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K signaling pathway plays a critical role in AITC-mediated dephosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of cofilin and apoptosis. Our in vivo study also showed that AITC-mediated inhibition of tumor growth of mouse leukemia xenograft model is in association with dephosphorylation of cofilin. Conclusions These findings support a model in which induction of apoptosis by AITC stems primarily from activation of ROCK1 and PTEN, and inactivation of PI3K, leading in turn to activation of PP1 and PP2A, resulting in dephosphorylation of cofilin, which binds to G-actin and translocates to mitochondria, culminating in the dysfunction of mitochondria, release of cytochrome c and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-bing Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Bravo-Cordero JJ, Magalhaes MAO, Eddy RJ, Hodgson L, Condeelis J. Functions of cofilin in cell locomotion and invasion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:405-15. [PMID: 23778968 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a consensus has emerged that cofilin severing activity can generate free actin filament ends that are accessible for F-actin polymerization and depolymerization without changing the rate of G-actin association and dissociation at either filament end. The structural basis of actin filament severing by cofilin is now better understood. These results have been integrated with recently discovered mechanisms for cofilin activation in migrating cells, which led to new models for cofilin function that provide insights into how cofilin regulation determines the temporal and spatial control of cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Leu JD, Chiu YW, Lo CC, Chiang PH, Chiu SJ, Tsai CH, Hwang JJ, Chen RC, Gorbunova V, Lee YJ. Enhanced cellular radiosensitivity induced by cofilin-1 over-expression is associated with reduced DNA repair capacity. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:433-44. [PMID: 23362981 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.767992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A previous report has indicated that over-expression of cofilin-1 (CFL-1), a member of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin protein family, enhances cellular radiosensitivity. This study explores the involvement of various DNA damage responses and repair systems in the enhanced cellular radiosensitivity as well as assessing the role of CFL-1 phosphorylation in radiosensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human non-small lung cancer H1299 cells harboring a tet-on gene expression system were used to induce exogenous expression of wild-type CFL-1. Colony formation assays were used to determine cell survival after γ-ray exposure. DNA damage levels were determined by Comet assay. DNA repair capacity was assessed by fluorescence-based DNA repair analysis and antibody detection of various repair proteins. The effects of CFL-1 phosphorylation on radiation responses were explored using two mutant CFL-1 proteins, S3D and S3A. Finally, endogenous CFL-1 phosphorylation levels were investigated using latrunculin A (LA), cytochalasin B (CB) and Y27632. RESULTS When phosphorylatable CFL-1 was expressed, radiosensitivity was enhanced after exposure to γ-rays and this was accompanied by DNA damage. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and p53-binding protein-1 (53BP1) foci, as well as Chk1/2 phosphorylation, were apparently suppressed, although ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase activation was apparently unaffected. In addition, two radiation-induced double-strand break (DSB) repair systems, namely homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), were suppressed. Moreover, over-expression of CFL-1 S3D and CFL-1 S3A both enhanced radiosensitivity. However, enhanced radiosensitivity and reduced γ-H2AX expression were only detected in cells treated with LA which increased endogenous phospho-CFL-1, and not in cells treated with Y27632, which dephosphorylates CFL-1. CONCLUSION CFL-1 over-expression enhances radiosensitivity and this is associated with reduced DNA repair capacity. Although phosphorylated CFL-1 seems to be involved in radiosensitivity, further studies are required to address the importance of CFL-1 activity to the regulation of radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Der Leu
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Taipei City Hospital RenAi Branch , Taipei
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The role of slingshot-1L (SSH1L) in the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Molecules 2012; 17:14975-94. [PMID: 23247370 PMCID: PMC6268239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) have very limited capacity to regenerate. Therefore, there is a great interest in developing strategies to treat infarcted CMs that are able to regenerate cardiac tissue and promote revascularization of infarcted zones in the heart. Recently, stem cell transplantation has been proposed to replace infarcted CMs and to restore the function of the affected tissue. This area of research has become very active in recent years due to the huge clinical need to improve the efficacy of currently available therapies. Slingshot (SSH) is a family of protein phosphatases, which can specifically dephosphorylate and reactivate cofilin and inhibit the polymerization of actin filaments and actively involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement. In this study, we found that SSH1L promoted morphology changes of microfilaments during differentiation but was inhibited by the inhibitors of actin polymerization such as cytochalasin D. Overexpression of SSH1L could promote cardiac-specific protein and genes expression. 5-Aza can induce the differentiation of hMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro. We also observed that SSH1L efficiently promotes hMSCs differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells through regulation and rearrangement of cytoskeleton. Our work provides evidence that supports the positive role of SSH1L in the mechanism of stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells.
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Signaling mechanisms and functional roles of cofilin phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Cell Signal 2012; 25:457-69. [PMID: 23153585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cofilin and actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) are actin-binding proteins that play an essential role in regulating actin filament dynamics and reorganization by stimulating the severance and depolymerization of actin filaments. Cofilin/ADF are inactivated by phosphorylation at the serine residue at position 3 by LIM-kinases (LIMKs) and testicular protein kinases (TESKs) and are reactivated by dephosphorylation by the slingshot (SSH) family of protein phosphatases and chronophin. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the signaling mechanisms regulating LIMKs and SSHs and the functional roles of cofilin phospho-regulation in cell migration, tumor invasion, mitosis, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the phospho-regulation of cofilin/ADF is a key convergence point of cell signaling networks that link extracellular stimuli to actin cytoskeletal dynamics and that spatiotemporal control of cofilin/ADF activity by LIMKs and SSHs plays a crucial role in a diverse array of cellular and physiological processes. Perturbations in the normal control of cofilin/ADF activity underlie many pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis and neurological and cardiovascular disorders.
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Blangy A, Touaitahuata H, Cres G, Pawlak G. Cofilin activation during podosome belt formation in osteoclasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45909. [PMID: 23049890 PMCID: PMC3457939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are dynamic actin-based structures found constitutively in cells of monocytic origin such as macrophages, dendritic cells and osteoclasts. They have been involved in osteoclast cell adhesion, motility and matrix degradation, and all these functions rely on the ability of podosomes to form supra-molecular structures called podosome belts or sealing zones on mineralized substrates. Podosomes contain two distinct domains, an actin-rich core enriched in actin polymerization regulators, surrounded by a ring of signaling and plaque molecules. The organization of podosome arrays into belts is linked to actin dynamics. Cofilin is an actin-severing protein that is known to regulate cytoskeleton architecture and cell migration. Cofilin is present in lamellipodia and invadopodia where it regulates actin polymerization. In this report, we show that cofilin is a novel component of the podosome belt, the mature osteoclast adhesion structure. Time-course analysis demonstrated that cofilin is activated during primary osteoclast differentiation, at the time of podosome belt assembly. Immunofluorescence studies reveal a localization of active cofilin in the podosome core structure, whereas phosphorylated, inactive cofilin is concentrated in the podosome cloud. Pharmacological studies unraveled the role of a specific cofilin phosphatase to achieve cofilin activation during osteoclast differentiation. We ruled out the implication of PP1/PP2A and PTEN in this process, and rather provided evidence for the involvement of SSH1. In summary, our data involve cofilin as a regulator of podosome organization that is activated during osteoclast differentiation by a RANKL-mediated signaling pathway targeting the SSH1 phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoleculaire, Montpellier University, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France.
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A Comparative Study of Primary and Recurrent Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Using the Small Animal Imaging and Molecular Expressive Profiles. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 15:262-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Vitolo MI, Boggs AE, Whipple RA, Yoon JR, Thompson K, Matrone MA, Cho EH, Balzer EM, Martin SS. Loss of PTEN induces microtentacles through PI3K-independent activation of cofilin. Oncogene 2012; 32:2200-10. [PMID: 22689060 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of PTEN tumor suppressor enhances metastatic risk in breast cancer, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. We report that homozygous deletion of PTEN in mammary epithelial cells induces tubulin-based microtentacles (McTNs) that facilitate cell reattachment and homotypic aggregation. Treatment with contractility-modulating drugs showed that McTNs in PTEN(-/-) cells are suppressible by controlling the actin cytoskeleton. Because outward microtubule extension is counteracted by actin cortical contraction, increased activity of actin-severing proteins could release constraints on McTN formation in PTEN(-/-) cells. One such actin-severing protein, cofilin, is activated in detached PTEN(-/-) cells that could weaken the actin cortex to promote McTNs. Expression of wild-type cofilin, an activated mutant (S3A), and an inactive mutant (S3E) demonstrated that altering cofilin phosphorylation directly affects McTNs formation. Chemical inhibition of PI3K did not reduce McTNs or inactivate cofilin in PTEN(-/-) cells. Additionally, knock-in expression of the two most common PI3K-activating mutations observed in human cancer patients did not increase McTNs or activate cofilin. PTEN loss and PI3K activation also caused differential activation of the cofilin regulators, LIM-kinase1 (LIMK) and Slingshot-1L (SSH). Furthermore, McTNs were suppressed and cofilin was inactivated by restoration of PTEN in the PTEN(-/-) cells, indicating that both the elevation of McTNs and the activation of cofilin are specific results arising from PTEN loss. These data identify a novel mechanism by which PTEN loss could remodel the cortical actin network to facilitate McTNs that promote tumor cell reattachment and aggregation. Using isogenic MCF-10A PTEN(-/-) and PIK3CA mutants, we have further demonstrated that there are clear differences in activation of cofilin, LIMK and SSH between PTEN loss and PI3K activation, providing a new evidence that these mutations yield distinct cytoskeletal phenotypes, which could have an impact on tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Vitolo
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Tang W, Zhang Y, Xu W, Harden TK, Sondek J, Sun L, Li L, Wu D. A PLCβ/PI3Kγ-GSK3 signaling pathway regulates cofilin phosphatase slingshot2 and neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis. Dev Cell 2012; 21:1038-50. [PMID: 22172670 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, in response to a chemoattractant gradient, undergo dynamic F-actin remodeling, a process important for their directional migration or chemotaxis. However, signaling mechanisms for chemoattractants to regulate the process are incompletely understood. Here, we characterized chemoattractant-activated signaling mechanisms that regulate cofilin dephosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton reorganization and are critical for neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis. In neutrophils, chemoattractants induced phosphorylation and inhibition of GSK3 via both PLCβ-PKC and PI3Kγ-AKT pathways, leading to the attenuation of GSK3-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of the cofilin phosphatase slingshot2 and an increase in dephosphorylated, active cofilin. The relative contribution of this GSK3-mediated pathway to neutrophil chemotaxis regulation depended on neutrophil polarity preset by integrin-induced polarization of PIP5K1C. Therefore, our study characterizes a signaling mechanism for chemoattractant-induced actin cytoskeleton remodeling and elucidates its context-dependent role in regulating neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Serezani CH, Kane S, Medeiros AI, Cornett AM, Kim SH, Marques MM, Lee SP, Lewis C, Bourdonnay E, Ballinger MN, White ES, Peters-Golden M. PTEN directly activates the actin depolymerization factor cofilin-1 during PGE2-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis of fungi. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra12. [PMID: 22317922 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage ingestion of the yeast Candida albicans requires its recognition by multiple receptors and the activation of diverse signaling programs. Synthesis of the lipid mediator prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and generation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) also accompany this process. Here, we characterized the mechanisms underlying PGE(2)-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis and filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization in response to ingestion of C. albicans by alveolar macrophages. PGE(2) suppressed phagocytosis and F-actin formation through the PGE(2) receptors EP2 and EP4, cAMP, and activation of types I and II protein kinase A. Dephosphorylation and activation of the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin-1 were necessary for these inhibitory effects of PGE(2). PGE(2)-dependent activation of cofilin-1 was mediated by the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10), with which it directly associated. Because enhanced production of PGE(2) accompanies many immunosuppressed states, the PTEN-dependent pathway described here may contribute to impaired antifungal defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Henrique Serezani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Vergara D, Simeone P, Toraldo D, Del Boccio P, Vergaro V, Leporatti S, Pieragostino D, Tinelli A, De Domenico S, Alberti S, Urbani A, Salzet M, Santino A, Maffia M. Resveratrol downregulates Akt/GSK and ERK signalling pathways in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1078-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fediuk J, Gutsol A, Nolette N, Dakshinamurti S. Thromboxane-induced actin polymerization in hypoxic pulmonary artery is independent of Rho. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L13-26. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00016.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin polymerization (APM), regulated by Rho GTPases, promotes myocyte force generation. Hypoxia is known to impede postnatal disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton in pulmonary arterial (PA) myocytes. We compared basal and agonist-induced APM in myocytes from PA and descending aorta (Ao), under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We also examined effects of thromboxane challenge on force generation and cytoskeletal assembly in resistance PA and renal arteries from neonatal swine with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) induced by 72-h normobaric hypoxia, compared with age-matched controls. Synthetic and contractile phenotype myocytes from neonatal porcine PA or Ao were grown in hypoxia (10% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) for 7 days, then challenged with 10−6 M thromboxane mimetic U46619. F/G actin ratio was quantified by laser-scanning cytometry and by cytoskeletal fractionation. Thromboxane receptor (TP) G protein coupling was measured by immunoprecipitation and probing for Gαq, G12, or G13, RhoA activation by Rhotekin-RBD affinity precipitation, and LIM kinase (LIMK) and cofilin phosphorylation by Western blot. Isometric force to serial concentrations of U46619 was measured in muscular pulmonary and renal arteries from PPHN and control swine; APM was quantified in fixed contracted vessels. Contractile PA myocytes exhibit marked Rho-dependent APM in hypoxia, with increased active RhoA and LIMK phosphorylation. Their additional APM response to U46619 challenge is independent of RhoA, reflecting decreased TP association with G12/13 in favor of Gαq. In contrast, hypoxic contractile Ao myocytes polymerize actin modestly and depolymerize to U46619. Both basal APM and the APM response to U46619 are increased in PPHN PA. APM corresponds with increased force generation to U46619 challenge in PPHN PA but not renal arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Fediuk
- Departments of 1Physiology and
- Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alexey Gutsol
- Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nora Nolette
- Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Departments of 1Physiology and
- Pediatrics, University of Manitoba
- Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Aguilar-Hernández HS, Santos L, León-Galván F, Barrera-Pacheco A, Espitia-Rangel E, De León-Rodríguez A, Guevara-González RG, Barba de la Rosa AP. Identification of calcium stress induced genes in amaranth leaves through suppression subtractive hybridization. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:2102-9. [PMID: 21794947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a critical ion for the growth and development of plants and plays an important role in signal transduction pathways in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. We investigated the Ca(2+) stress responsive-genes in amaranth leaves by using the suppression subtractive hybridization technique. Screening of the libraries generated 420 up-regulated transcripts and 199 down-regulated transcripts. The differentially expressed transcripts were associated with general stress response, transcription factors, gene regulation, signal transduction, and some other with unknown function. Selected genes were used to study their differential regulation by sqRT-PCR. Among the up-regulated transcripts, a fragment containing the motif of C3HC4-type RING-Zinc family was further characterized. The ORF of amaranth zinc finger protein (AhZnf) has a closer relationship with its ortholog from Ricinus communis while is distantly related to the Arabidopsis thaliana C3HC4-type ortholog. We have identified a novel putative zinc finger protein along with other novel proteins such as the wall associated kinase, phosphoinositide binding protein, and rhomboid protease involved in response to Ca(2+) stress in amaranth leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo S Aguilar-Hernández
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnología, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
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Ohashi K, Fujiwara S, Watanabe T, Kondo H, Kiuchi T, Sato M, Mizuno K. LIM kinase has a dual role in regulating lamellipodium extension by decelerating the rate of actin retrograde flow and the rate of actin polymerization. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36340-51. [PMID: 21868383 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.259135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamellipodium extension is crucial for cell migration and spreading. The rate of lamellipodium extension is determined by the balance between the rate of actin polymerization and the rate of actin retrograde flow. LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) regulates actin dynamics by phosphorylating and inactivating cofilin, an actin-depolymerizing protein. We examined the role of LIMK1 in lamellipodium extension by measuring the rates of actin polymerization, actin retrograde flow, and lamellipodium extension using time-lapse imaging of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. In the non-extending lamellipodia of active Rac-expressing N1E-115 cells, LIMK1 expression decelerated and LIMK1 knockdown accelerated actin retrograde flow. In the extending lamellipodia of neuregulin-stimulated MCF-7 cells, LIMK1 knockdown accelerated both the rate of actin polymerization and the rate of actin retrograde flow, but the accelerating effect on retrograde flow was greater than the effect on polymerization, thus resulting in a decreased rate of lamellipodium extension. These results indicate that LIMK1 has a dual role in regulating lamellipodium extension by decelerating actin retrograde flow and polymerization, and in MCF-7 cells endogenous LIMK1 contributes to lamellipodium extension by decelerating actin retrograde flow more effectively than decelerating actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Ohashi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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