1
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Nasar S, Iftikhar S, Saleem R, Nadeem MS, Ali M. The N and C-terminal deleted variant of the dengue virus NS1 protein is a potential candidate for dengue vaccine development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18883. [PMID: 39143088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
NS1 is an elusive dengue protein, involved in viral replication, assembly, pathogenesis, and immune evasion. Its levels in blood plasm are positively related to disease severity like thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and vascular leakage. Despite its pathogenic roles, NS1 is being used in various vaccine formulations due to its sequence conservancy, ability to produce protective antibodies and low risk for inducing antibody-dependent enhancement. In this study, we have used bioinformatics tools and reported literature to develop an NS1 variant (dNS1). Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the receptor-binding ability of the NS1 and dNS1 with TLR4. NS1 and dNS1 (153 to 312 amino acid region) genes were cloned, expressed and protein was purified followed by refolding. Docking studies showed the binding of NS1 and dNS1 with the TLR4 receptor which suggests that N and C-terminal sequences of NS1 are not critical for receptor binding. Antibodies against NS1 and dNS1 were raised in rabbits and binding affinity of anti-dNS1 anti-NS1 sera was evaluated against both NS1 and dNS1. Similar results were observed through western blotting which highlight that N and C-terminal deletion of NS1 does not compromise the immunogenic potential of dNS1 hence, supports its use in future vaccine formulations as a substitute for NS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitara Nasar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Iftikhar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Rida Saleem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ali
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Perera DR, Ranadeva ND, Sirisena K, Wijesinghe KJ. Roles of NS1 Protein in Flavivirus Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:20-56. [PMID: 38110348 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses are highly concerning pathogens that pose significant risks to public health. The NS1 protein is conserved among flaviviruses and is synthesized as a part of the flavivirus polyprotein. It plays a critical role in viral replication, disease progression, and immune evasion. Post-translational modifications influence NS1's stability, secretion, antigenicity, and interactions with host factors. NS1 protein forms extensive interactions with host cellular proteins allowing it to affect vital processes such as RNA processing, gene expression regulation, and cellular homeostasis, which in turn influence viral replication, disease pathogenesis, and immune responses. NS1 acts as an immune evasion factor by delaying complement-dependent lysis of infected cells and contributes to disease pathogenesis by inducing endothelial cell damage and vascular leakage and triggering autoimmune responses. Anti-NS1 antibodies have been shown to cross-react with host endothelial cells and platelets, causing autoimmune destruction that is hypothesized to contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, in contrast, immunization of animal models with the NS1 protein confers protection against lethal challenges from flaviviruses such as dengue and Zika viruses. Understanding the multifaceted roles of NS1 in flavivirus pathogenesis is crucial for effective disease management and control. Therefore, further research into NS1 biology, including its host protein interactions and additional roles in disease pathology, is imperative for the development of strategies and therapeutics to combat flavivirus infections successfully. This Review provides an in-depth exploration of the current available knowledge on the multifaceted roles of the NS1 protein in the pathogenesis of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayangi R Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
| | - Nadeeka D Ranadeva
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, KIU Campus Sri Lanka 10120
| | - Kavish Sirisena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
- Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Sri Lanka 10120
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3
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Denolly S, Guo H, Martens M, Płaszczyca A, Scaturro P, Prasad V, Kongmanas K, Punyadee N, Songjaeng A, Mairiang D, Pichlmair A, Avirutnan P, Bartenschlager R. Dengue virus NS1 secretion is regulated via importin-subunit β1 controlling expression of the chaperone GRp78 and targeted by the clinical drug ivermectin. mBio 2023; 14:e0144123. [PMID: 37702492 PMCID: PMC10653883 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01441-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dengue virus (DENV) is a major human pathogen that can cause hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. One important factor of DENV pathogenicity is non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a glycoprotein that is secreted from infected cells. Here we study the mode of action of the widely used drug ivermectin, used to treat parasitic infections and recently shown to lower NS1 blood levels in DENV-infected patients. We found that ivermectin blocks the nuclear transport of transcription factors required for the expression of chaperones that support the folding and secretion of glycoproteins, including NS1. Impairing nuclear transport of these transcription factors by ivermectin or depleting them from infected cells dampens NS1 folding and thus its secretion. These results reveal a novel mode of action of ivermectin that might apply to other flaviviruses as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Denolly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Martens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Płaszczyca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Scaturro
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vibhu Prasad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kessiri Kongmanas
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuntaya Punyadee
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adisak Songjaeng
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dumrong Mairiang
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
| | - Panisadee Avirutnan
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Plante JA, Plante KS, Popov VL, Shinde DP, Widen SG, Buenemann M, Nogueira ML, Vasilakis N. Morphologic and Genetic Characterization of Ilheus Virus, a Potential Emergent Flavivirus in the Americas. Viruses 2023; 15:195. [PMID: 36680235 PMCID: PMC9866216 DOI: 10.3390/v15010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ilheus virus (ILHV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus circulating throughout Central and South America and the Caribbean. It has been detected in several mosquito genera including Aedes and Culex, and birds are thought to be its primary amplifying and reservoir host. Here, we describe the genomic and morphologic characterization of ten ILHV strains. Our analyses revealed a high conservation of both the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions but considerable divergence within the open reading frame. We also showed that ILHV displays a typical flavivirus structural and genomic organization. Our work lays the foundation for subsequent ILHV studies to better understand its transmission cycles, pathogenicity, and emergence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Vsevolod L. Popov
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| | - Divya P. Shinde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Steven G. Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0679, USA
| | - Michaela Buenemann
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8801, USA
| | - Mauricio L. Nogueira
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
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5
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Wu J, Huang S, Tan L, Li Y, Wu X, Liang Y. Detection of Dengue Fever Nonstructural Protein 1 Antigen by Proteolytic Peptide Imprinting Technology and UHPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14106-14112. [PMID: 34657416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is caused by mosquito-transmitted dengue virus infection and continues to increase worldwide, threatening public health in tropical and subtropical regions. The primary difficulties in preventing a reduction of the medical burden of dengue fever lies in the lack of effective mosquito control, preventive dengue vaccines, and clinically effective antiviral drugs to treat dengue infections. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for proper patient care and effective control of epidemics. The present work proposes an alternative strategy for detecting the dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen in clinical serum samples by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in combination with the molecularly imprinted polymers. Rather than the whole protein, the NS1 signature peptide is selected as a template for molecular imprinting and quantified as a stoichiometric readout of NS1. Three functional monomers with hydrophobic, positively charged, and negatively charged groups were synthesized by click reactions in terms of the signature peptide. These three functional monomers provide abundant recognition sites for the peptide, allowing the peptide template to be effectively imprinted during polymerization. The imprinting conditions were optimized, and the molecularly imprinted polymers were characterized and used for enriching the signature peptide from digested serum samples by solid-phase extraction and then detected by UHPLC-MS/MS. The proposed method is used to detect the dengue virus NS1 in clinical samples and holds significant promise for early confirmation of dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, China.,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Shuyi Huang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Yong Liang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, China
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6
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Carpio KL, Barrett ADT. Flavivirus NS1 and Its Potential in Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:622. [PMID: 34207516 PMCID: PMC8229460 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus contains many important human pathogens, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), West Nile (WN), yellow fever (YF) and Zika (ZIK) viruses. While there are effective vaccines for a few flavivirus diseases (JE, TBE and YF), the majority do not have vaccines, including WN and ZIK. The flavivirus nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein has an unusual structure-function because it is glycosylated and forms different structures to facilitate different roles intracellularly and extracellularly, including roles in the replication complex, assisting in virus assembly, and complement antagonism. It also plays a role in protective immunity through antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity, and anti-NS1 antibodies elicit passive protection in animal models against a virus challenge. Historically, NS1 has been used as a diagnostic marker for the flavivirus infection due to its complement fixing properties and specificity. Its role in disease pathogenesis, and the strong humoral immune response resulting from infection, makes NS1 an excellent target for inclusion in candidate flavivirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra L. Carpio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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7
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Poveda-Cuevas SA, Barroso da Silva FL, Etchebest C. How the Strain Origin of Zika Virus NS1 Protein Impacts Its Dynamics and Implications to Their Differential Virulence. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:1516-1530. [PMID: 33651942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Viruses can impact and affect human populations in a severe way. The appropriate differentiation among several species or strains of viruses is one of the biggest challenges for virology and infectiology studies. The detection of measurables-quantified discrepancies allows for more accurate clinical diagnoses and treatments for viral diseases. In the present study, we have used a computational approach to explore the dynamical properties of the nonstructural protein 1 from two strains of Zika virus. Our results show that despite a high sequence similarity, the two viral proteins from different origins can exhibit significant dissimilar structural dynamics, which complement their reported differential virulence. The present study opens up new ways in the understanding of the infectivity for these biological entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Poveda-Cuevas
- Programa Interunidades em Bioinformática, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, BR, 05508-090 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,University of São Paulo and Université de Paris International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, Bloco B, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luís Barroso da Silva
- Programa Interunidades em Bioinformática, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, BR, 05508-090 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, North Carolina, United States.,University of São Paulo and Université de Paris International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, Bloco B, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catherine Etchebest
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 6 Rue Alexandre Cabanel, 75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Equipe 2, INSERM, Dynamique des Structures et des Interactions Moléculaires, F-75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France.,University of São Paulo and Université de Paris International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, Bloco B, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Sinha A, Singh AK, Kadni TS, Mullick J, Sahu A. Virus-Encoded Complement Regulators: Current Status. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020208. [PMID: 33573085 PMCID: PMC7912105 DOI: 10.3390/v13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses require a host for replication and survival and hence are subjected to host immunological pressures. The complement system, a crucial first response of the host immune system, is effective in targeting viruses and virus-infected cells, and boosting the antiviral innate and acquired immune responses. Thus, the system imposes a strong selection pressure on viruses. Consequently, viruses have evolved multiple countermeasures against host complement. A major mechanism employed by viruses to subvert the complement system is encoding proteins that target complement. Since viruses have limited genome size, most of these proteins are multifunctional in nature. In this review, we provide up to date information on the structure and complement regulatory functions of various viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Sinha
- Complement Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeskhind, Pune 411007, India; (A.S.); (A.K.S.); (T.S.K.)
| | - Anup Kumar Singh
- Complement Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeskhind, Pune 411007, India; (A.S.); (A.K.S.); (T.S.K.)
| | - Trupti Satish Kadni
- Complement Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeskhind, Pune 411007, India; (A.S.); (A.K.S.); (T.S.K.)
| | - Jayati Mullick
- Polio Virology Group, Microbial Containment Complex, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India;
| | - Arvind Sahu
- Complement Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeskhind, Pune 411007, India; (A.S.); (A.K.S.); (T.S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-20-2570-8083; Fax: +91-20-2569-2259
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9
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Roldán JS, Cassola A, Castillo DS. Optimization of recombinant Zika virus NS1 protein secretion from HEK293 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:e00434. [PMID: 32095434 PMCID: PMC7033529 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stable recombinant ZIKV NS1-His-expressing HEK293 cells were generated. Rapamycin treatment followed by serum starvation leads to a 29-fold increase in recombinant ZIKV NS1 protein secretion. The purified recombinant ZIKV NS1 hexamer is a reliable biological tool for clinical diagnosis and surveillance purposes.
Sensitive, accurate and cost-effective diagnostic tests are urgently needed to detect Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Nonstructural 1 (NS1) glycoprotein is an excellent diagnostic marker since it is released in a hexameric conformation from infected cells into the patient's bloodstream early in the course of the infection. We established a stable rZNS1-His-expression system in HEK293 cells through lentiviral transduction. A novel optimization approach to enhance rZNS1-His protein secretion in the mammalian expression system was accomplished through 50 nM rapamycin incubation followed by serum-free media incubation for 9 days, reaching protein yields of ∼10 mg/l of culture medium. Purified rZNS1-His hexamer was recognized by anti-NS1 antibodies in ZIKV patient's serum, and showed the ability to induce a humoral response in immunized mice. The obtained recombinant protein is a reliable biological tool that can potentially be applied in the development of diagnostic tests to detect ZIKV in infected patients during the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta S Roldán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde" (IIBIO), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Cassola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde" (IIBIO), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela S Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde" (IIBIO), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Allonso D, Pereira IB, Alves AM, Kurtenbach E, Mohana-Borges R. Expression of soluble, glycosylated and correctly folded dengue virus NS1 protein in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 162:9-17. [PMID: 31077812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV) non structural protein 1 (NS1) is a 46-55 kDa protein that exists as homodimer inside cells and as hexamer in the extracellular milieu. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that the biochemical and structural properties of recombinant NS1 (rNS1) vary depending on the protein expression system used. Aiming to improve current tools for studying NS1 multiple roles, a recombinant tag-free NS1 protein was expressed and purified from P. pastoris yeast cells. The best expression condition was achieved using GS115 strain and induction for 72 h with 0.7% methanol addition every 24 h. Total secreted rNS1 reached 2.18 mg in 1 L culture and the final yield of the purified protein was 1 mg per liter of culture (recovery yield of approximately 45.9%). Size-exclusion chromatography and treatment with EndoH and PNGase indicate that it exists as an N-glycosylated homodimer. Moreover, an ELISA assay with specific DENV anti-NS1 antibody that recognizes conformational epitopes revealed that rNS1 has most of its conformational epitopes preserved. The expression of rNS1 in its native conformation is an important tool for further studies of its role in DENV pathogenesis and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Allonso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Structural Bioengineering, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iuri B Pereira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ada Mb Alves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Virus Infections, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Structural Bioengineering, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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11
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Adaptive genetic diversifications among tick-borne encephalitis virus subtypes: A genome-wide perspective. Virology 2019; 530:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Rosa da Silva CM, Chura-Chambi RM, Ramos Pereira L, Cordeiro Y, de Souza Ferreira LC, Morganti L. Association of high pressure and alkaline condition for solubilization of inclusion bodies and refolding of the NS1 protein from zika virus. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:78. [PMID: 30541520 PMCID: PMC6291932 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteins in inclusion bodies (IBs) present native-like secondary structures. However, chaotropic agents at denaturing concentrations, which are widely used for IB solubilization and subsequent refolding, unfold these secondary structures. Removal of the chaotropes frequently causes reaggregation and poor recovery of bioactive proteins. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and alkaline pH are two conditions that, in the presence of low level of chaotropes, have been described as non-denaturing solubilization agents. In the present study we evaluated the strategy of combination of HHP and alkaline pH on the solubilization of IB using as a model an antigenic form of the zika virus (ZIKV) non-structural 1 (NS1) protein. Results Pressure-treatment (2.4 kbar) of NS1-IBs at a pH of 11.0 induced a low degree of NS1 unfolding and led to solubilization of the IBs, mainly into monomers. After dialysis at pH 8.5, NS1 was refolded and formed soluble oligomers. High (up to 68 mg/liter) NS1 concentrations were obtained by solubilization of NS1-IBs at pH 11 in the presence of arginine (Arg) with a final yield of approximately 80% of total protein content. The process proved to be efficient, quick and did not require further purification steps. Refolded NS1 preserved biological features regarding reactivity with antigen-specific antibodies, including sera of ZIKV-infected patients. The method resulted in an increase of approximately 30-fold over conventional IB solubilization-refolding methods. Conclusions The present results represent an innovative non-denaturing protein refolding process by means of the concomitant use of HHP and alkaline pH. Application of the reported method allowed the recovery of ZIKV NS1 at a condition that maintained the antigenic properties of the protein. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0486-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Mara Rosa da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Centro de Biotecnologia, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Chura-Chambi
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Centro de Biotecnologia, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lennon Ramos Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes ,1374, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes ,1374, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ligia Morganti
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Centro de Biotecnologia, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Zhan L, Liu Y, Xie X, Xiong C, Nie Z. Heat-Induced Rearrangement of the Disulfide Bond of Lactoglobulin Characterized by Multiply Charged MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10670-10675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobo Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
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14
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Watterson D, Modhiran N, Muller DA, Stacey KJ, Young PR. Plugging the Leak in Dengue Shock. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:89-106. [PMID: 29845527 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent structural and functional advances provide fresh insight into the biology of the dengue virus non-structural protein, NS1 and suggest new avenues of research. The work of our lab and others have shown that the secreted, hexameric form of NS1 has a systemic toxic effect, inducing inflammatory cytokines and acting directly on endothelial cells to produce the hallmark of dengue disease, vascular leak. We also demonstrated that NS1 exerts its toxic activity through recognition by the innate immune receptor TLR4, mimicking the bacterial endotoxin LPS. This monograph covers the background underpinning these new findings and discusses new avenues for antiviral and vaccine intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katryn J Stacey
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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15
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Dengue virus NS1 protein activates immune cells via TLR4 but not TLR2 or TLR6. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:491-495. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Li Y, Wong YL, Lee MY, Li Q, Wang QY, Lescar J, Shi PY, Kang C. Secondary Structure and Membrane Topology of the Full-Length Dengue Virus NS4B in Micelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12068-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, #03-01 Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Ying Lei Wong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, #03-01 Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Michelle Yueqi Lee
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, #03-01 Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Qingxin Li
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences; Agency for Science, Technology, and Research; 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Singapore
| | - Qing-Yin Wang
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases; Singapore Singapore
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics; University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston TX USA
| | - CongBao Kang
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, #03-01 Singapore 138669 Singapore
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17
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Secondary Structure and Membrane Topology of the Full-Length Dengue Virus NS4B in Micelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Jayaraman B, Smith AM, Fernandes JD, Frankel AD. Oligomeric viral proteins: small in size, large in presence. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:379-394. [PMID: 27685368 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1215406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites that rely heavily on host cellular processes for replication. The small number of proteins typically encoded by a virus is faced with selection pressures that lead to the evolution of distinctive structural properties, allowing each protein to maintain its function under constraints such as small genome size, high mutation rate, and rapidly changing fitness conditions. One common strategy for this evolution is to utilize small building blocks to generate protein oligomers that assemble in multiple ways, thereby diversifying protein function and regulation. In this review, we discuss specific cases that illustrate how oligomerization is used to generate a single defined functional state, to modulate activity via different oligomeric states, or to generate multiple functional forms via different oligomeric states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Jayaraman
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Amber M Smith
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jason D Fernandes
- b UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute , Santa Cruz , CA , USA.,c Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California , Santa Cruz , CA , USA
| | - Alan D Frankel
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
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19
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Rastogi M, Sharma N, Singh SK. Flavivirus NS1: a multifaceted enigmatic viral protein. Virol J 2016; 13:131. [PMID: 27473856 PMCID: PMC4966872 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are emerging arthropod-borne viruses representing an immense global health problem. The prominent viruses of this group include dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus tick borne encephalitis virus and Zika Virus. These are endemic in many parts of the world. They are responsible for the illness ranging from mild flu like symptoms to severe hemorrhagic, neurologic and cognitive manifestations leading to death. NS1 is a highly conserved non-structural protein among flaviviruses, which exist in diverse forms. The intracellular dimer form of NS1 plays role in genome replication, whereas, the secreted hexamer plays role in immune evasion. The secreted NS1 has been identified as a potential diagnostic marker for early detection of the infections caused by flaviviruses. In addition to the diagnostic marker, the importance of NS1 has been reported in the development of therapeutics. NS1 based subunit vaccines are at various stages of development. The structural details and diverse functions of NS1 have been discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Rastogi
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Laboratory of Human Molecular Virology & Immunology, Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- Laboratory of Neurovirology and Inflammation Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sunit Kumar Singh
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Laboratory of Human Molecular Virology & Immunology, Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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20
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Oliveira ERA, de Alencastro RB, Horta BAC. The mechanism by which P250L mutation impairs flavivirus-NS1 dimerization: an investigation based on molecular dynamics simulations. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:573-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Watterson D, Modhiran N, Young PR. The many faces of the flavivirus NS1 protein offer a multitude of options for inhibitor design. Antiviral Res 2016; 130:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Scaturro P, Cortese M, Chatel-Chaix L, Fischl W, Bartenschlager R. Dengue Virus Non-structural Protein 1 Modulates Infectious Particle Production via Interaction with the Structural Proteins. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005277. [PMID: 26562291 PMCID: PMC4643051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is one of the most enigmatic proteins of the Dengue virus (DENV), playing distinct functions in immune evasion, pathogenesis and viral replication. The recently reported crystal structure of DENV NS1 revealed its peculiar three-dimensional fold; however, detailed information on NS1 function at different steps of the viral replication cycle is still missing. By using the recently reported crystal structure, as well as amino acid sequence conservation, as a guide for a comprehensive site-directed mutagenesis study, we discovered that in addition to being essential for RNA replication, DENV NS1 is also critically required for the production of infectious virus particles. Taking advantage of a trans-complementation approach based on fully functional epitope-tagged NS1 variants, we identified previously unreported interactions between NS1 and the structural proteins Envelope (E) and precursor Membrane (prM). Interestingly, coimmunoprecipitation revealed an additional association with capsid, arguing that NS1 interacts via the structural glycoproteins with DENV particles. Results obtained with mutations residing either in the NS1 Wing domain or in the β-ladder domain suggest that NS1 might have two distinct functions in the assembly of DENV particles. By using a trans-complementation approach with a C-terminally KDEL-tagged ER-resident NS1, we demonstrate that the secretion of NS1 is dispensable for both RNA replication and infectious particle production. In conclusion, our results provide an extensive genetic map of NS1 determinants essential for viral RNA replication and identify a novel role of NS1 in virion production that is mediated via interaction with the structural proteins. These studies extend the list of NS1 functions and argue for a central role in coordinating replication and assembly/release of infectious DENV particles. Dengue virus (DENV) is a major arthropod-borne human pathogen, infecting more than 400 million individuals annually worldwide; however, neither a therapeutic drug nor a prophylactic vaccine is currently available. Amongst the DENV proteins, non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is one of the most enigmatic, being required for RNA replication, but also secreted from infected cells to counteract antiviral immune response, thus contributing to pathogenesis. Despite its essential role at early stages of the viral replication cycle, the molecular determinants governing NS1 functions are unknown. Here, we used a combination of genetic, high-resolution imaging and biochemical approaches and found that NS1 additionally plays an important role for the production of infectious virus particles. By using a novel trans-complementation system with fully functional epitope-tagged NS1, we show that NS1 interacts with the structural proteins residing in the envelope of the virus particle. An NS1 variant retained in the endoplasmic reticulum still supported efficient DENV particle production, demonstrating that secretion of NS1 is dispensable for virion production. This study expands the list of functions exerted by NS1 for the DENV replication cycle. Given this multi-functional nature, NS1 appears to be an attractive target for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Scaturro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (PS); (RB)
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fischl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (PS); (RB)
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23
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Meng F, Badierah RA, Almehdar HA, Redwan EM, Kurgan L, Uversky VN. Unstructural biology of the dengue virus proteins. FEBS J 2015; 282:3368-94. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Meng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Reaid A. Badierah
- Biological Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein A. Almehdar
- Biological Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory; Protein Research Department; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute; City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications; New Borg El-Arab Alexandria Egypt
| | - Lukasz Kurgan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Biological Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins; Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St Petersburg Russia
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24
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Akey DL, Brown WC, Jose J, Kuhn RJ, Smith JL. Structure-guided insights on the role of NS1 in flavivirus infection. Bioessays 2015; 37:489-94. [PMID: 25761098 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the various domains of the flavivirus virulence factor NS1 and speculate on potential implications of the NS1 3D structure in understanding its role in flavivirus pathogenesis. Flavivirus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a virulence factor with dual functions in genome replication and immune evasion. Crystal structures of NS1, combined with reconstructions from electron microscopy (EM), provide insight into the architecture of dimeric NS1 on cell membranes and the assembly of a secreted hexameric NS1-lipid complex found in patient sera. Three structural domains of NS1 likely have distinct roles in membrane association, replication complex assembly, and immune system avoidance. A conserved hydrophobic inner face is sequestered either on the membrane or in the interior of the secreted hexamer and contains regions implicated in viral replication. The exposed variable outer face is presented to cellular and secreted components of the immune system in infected patients and contains candidate regions for immune system modulation. We anticipate that knowledge of the distinct NS1 domains and assembly will lead to advances in elucidating virus-host interactions mediated through NS1 and in dissecting the role of NS1 in viral genome replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Akey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Omokoko MD, Pambudi S, Phanthanawiboon S, Masrinoul P, Setthapramote C, Sasaki T, Kuhara M, Ramasoota P, Yamashita A, Hirai I, Ikuta K, Kurosu T. A highly conserved region between amino acids 221 and 266 of dengue virus non-structural protein 1 is a major epitope region in infected patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:146-55. [PMID: 24778195 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to dengue virus (DENV) infection generates high levels of antibodies (Abs) against the DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1), particularly in cases of secondary infection. Therefore, anti-NS1 Abs may play a role in severe dengue infections, possibly by interacting (directly or indirectly) with host factors or regulating virus production. If it does play a role, NS1 may contain epitopes that mimic those epitopes of host molecules. Previous attempts to map immunogenic regions within DENV-NS1 were undertaken using mouse monoclonal Abs (MAbs). The aim of this study was to characterize the epitope regions of nine anti-NS1 human monoclonal Abs (HuMAbs) derived from six patients secondarily infected with DENV-2. These anti-NS1 HuMAbs were cross-reactive with DENV-1, -2, and -3 but not DENV-4. All HuMAbs bound a common epitope region located between amino acids 221 and 266 of NS1. This study is the first report to map a DENV-NS1 epitope region using anti-DENV MAbs derived from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magot Diata Omokoko
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sabar Pambudi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Supranee Phanthanawiboon
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Promsin Masrinoul
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chayanee Setthapramote
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Kuhara
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamashita
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Itaru Hirai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
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Abstract
The Flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a conserved, membrane-associated and secreted glycoprotein with replication and immune evasion functions. Secreted NS1 is a hexameric, barrel-shaped lipoprotein that can bind back to the plasma membrane of cells. Antibodies targeting cell surface-associated NS1 can be protective in vivo in a manner dependent on Fc effector functions. We describe here the crystal structure of a C-terminal fragment (residues 172-352) of West Nile (WNV) and Dengue virus NS1 proteins at 1.85 and 2.7 Å resolution, respectively. NS1(172-352) assembles as a unique rod-shaped dimer composed of a 16-stranded β-platform flanked on one face by protruding connecting loops. We also determined the 3.0 Å resolution structure of WNV NS1(172-352) with the protective 22NS1 antibody Fab, which engages the loop-face of the rod. The head-to-head NS1(172-352) dimer we observe in crystal lattices is supported by multiangle light and small-angle X-ray scattering studies. We used the available cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction to develop a pseudoatomic model of the NS1 hexamer. The model was constructed with the NS1(172-352) dimeric rod aligned with the long axis of the barrel, and with the loop-face oriented away from the core. Difference densities suggest that the N-terminal region of NS1 forms globular lobes that mediate lateral contacts between dimers in the hexamer. Our model also suggests that the N-terminal lobe forms the surface of the central cavity where lipid binding may occur.
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Replication cycle and molecular biology of the West Nile virus. Viruses 2013; 6:13-53. [PMID: 24378320 PMCID: PMC3917430 DOI: 10.3390/v6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Flaviviruses replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells and modify the host cell environment. Although much has been learned about virion structure and virion-endosomal membrane fusion, the cell receptor(s) used have not been definitively identified and little is known about the early stages of the virus replication cycle. Members of the genus Flavivirus differ from members of the two other genera of the family by the lack of a genomic internal ribosomal entry sequence and the creation of invaginations in the ER membrane rather than double-membrane vesicles that are used as the sites of exponential genome synthesis. The WNV genome 3' and 5' sequences that form the long distance RNA-RNA interaction required for minus strand initiation have been identified and contact sites on the 5' RNA stem loop for NS5 have been mapped. Structures obtained for many of the viral proteins have provided information relevant to their functions. Viral nonstructural protein interactions are complex and some may occur only in infected cells. Although interactions between many cellular proteins and virus components have been identified, the functions of most of these interactions have not been delineated.
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Chuang YC, Wang SY, Lin YS, Chen HR, Yeh TM. Re-evaluation of the pathogenic roles of nonstructural protein 1 and its antibodies during dengue virus infection. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:42. [PMID: 23806052 PMCID: PMC3704815 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection can cause life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Vascular leakage and abnormal hemorrhage are the two major pathogenic changes found in these patients. From previous studies, it is known that both antibodies and cytokines induced in response to DENV infection are involved in the immunopathogenesis of DHF/DSS. However, the role of viral factors during DENV infection remains unclear. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which is secreted in the sera of patients, is a useful diagnostic marker for acute DENV infection. Nevertheless, the roles of NS1 and its antibodies in the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS are unclear. The focus of this review is to evaluate the possible contributions of NS1 and the antibodies it induces to vascular leakage and abnormal hemorrhage during DENV infection, which may provide clues to better understanding the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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29
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Muller DA, Young PR. The flavivirus NS1 protein: molecular and structural biology, immunology, role in pathogenesis and application as a diagnostic biomarker. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:192-208. [PMID: 23523765 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavivirus nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 is an enigmatic protein whose structure and mechanistic function have remained somewhat elusive ever since it was first reported in 1970 as a viral antigen circulating in the sera of dengue-infected patients. All flavivirus NS1 genes share a high degree of homology, encoding a 352-amino-acid polypeptide that has a molecular weight of 46-55 kDa, depending on its glycosylation status. NS1 exists in multiple oligomeric forms and is found in different cellular locations: a cell membrane-bound form in association with virus-induced intracellular vesicular compartments, on the cell surface and as a soluble secreted hexameric lipoparticle. Intracellular NS1 co-localizes with dsRNA and other components of the viral replication complex and plays an essential cofactor role in replication. Although this makes NS1 an ideal target for inhibitor design, the precise nature of its cofactor function has yet to be elucidated. A plethora of potential interacting partners have been identified, particularly for the secreted form of NS1, with many being implicated in immune evasion strategies. Secreted and cell-surface-associated NS1 are highly immunogenic and both the proteins themselves and the antibodies they elicit have been implicated in the seemingly contradictory roles of protection and pathogenesis in the infected host. Finally, NS1 is also an important biomarker for early diagnosis of disease. In this article, we provide an overview of these somewhat disparate areas of research, drawing together the wealth of data generated over more than 40 years of study of this fascinating protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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30
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Steidel M, Fragnoud R, Guillotte M, Roesch C, Michel S, Meunier T, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Gervasi G, Bedin F. Nonstructural protein NS1 immunodominant epitope detected specifically in dengue virus infected material by a SELDI-TOF/MS based assay. J Med Virol 2012; 84:490-9. [PMID: 22246837 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DV) infection is the most common mosquito-born viral disease of public health significance. Though most patients only suffer from flu-like symptoms, a small group of patients experiences more severe forms of the disease. The viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), a secreted protein correlating with viremia, is a key element used for dengue diagnosis with potential implications in severe dengue prognosis. Capture-ELISAs for the early detection of the NS1 protein in the sera during the acute febrile stage are commonly used in routine by diagnostic laboratories. In this study, the detection of NS1 protein in DV-infected material was assessed by an alternative method combining a single NS1-directed monoclonal antibody and the SELDI-TOF/MS technology. According to the epitope mapping, the antibodies used are mainly directed against an immuno-dominant peptide located on the C-terminal part of the protein. The NS1 SELDI-TOF assay is specific, has a sensitivity level close to capture-ELISAs and is potentially useful for a coupled serotyping/detection assay or for the detection of subtle post-translational modifications on the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Steidel
- Biomarker Department, BioMerieux SA, Chemin de l'Orme, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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31
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Approaches for the development of rapid serological assays for surveillance and diagnosis of infections caused by zoonotic flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:379738. [PMID: 22570528 PMCID: PMC3337611 DOI: 10.1155/2012/379738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are responsible for a number of important mosquito-borne diseases of man and animals globally. The short vireamic period in infected hosts means that serological assays are often the diagnostic method of choice. This paper will focus on the traditional methods to diagnose flaviviral infections as well as describing the modern rapid platforms and approaches for diagnostic antigen preparation.
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32
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Peng Y, Chen X, Sato T, Rankin SA, Tsuji RF, Ge Y. Purification and high-resolution top-down mass spectrometric characterization of human salivary α-amylase. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3339-46. [PMID: 22390166 DOI: 10.1021/ac300083y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human salivary α-amylase (HSAMY) is a major component of salivary secretions, possessing multiple important biological functions. Here we have established three methods to purify HSAMY in human saliva for comprehensive characterization of HSAMY by high-resolution top-down mass spectrometry (MS). Among the three purification methods, the affinity method based on the enzyme-substrate specific interaction between amylase and glycogen is preferred, providing the highest purity HSAMY with high reproducibility. Subsequently, we employed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS to analyze the purified HSAMY. The predominant form of α-amylase purified from saliva of various races and genders is nonglycosylated with the same molecular weight of 55,881.2, which is 1885.8 lower than the calculated value based on the DNA-predicted sequence. High-resolution MS revealed the truncation of the first 15 N-terminal amino acids (-1858.96) and the subsequent formation of pyroglutamic acid at the new N-terminus Gln (-17.03). More importantly, five disulfide bonds in HSAMY were identified (-10.08) and effectively localized by tandem MS in conjunction with complete and partial reduction by tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine. Overall, this study demonstrates that top-down MS combined with affinity purification and partial reduction is a powerful method for rapid purification and complete characterization of large proteins with complex and overlapping disulfide bond patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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33
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Muller DA, Landsberg MJ, Bletchly C, Rothnagel R, Waddington L, Hankamer B, Young PR. Structure of the dengue virus glycoprotein non-structural protein 1 by electron microscopy and single-particle analysis. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:771-779. [PMID: 22238236 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.039321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavivirus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a glycoprotein that is secreted as a soluble hexameric complex during the course of natural infection. Growing evidence indicates that this secreted form of NS1 (sNS1) plays a significant role in immune evasion and modulation during infection. Attempts to determine the crystal structure of NS1 have been unsuccessful to date and relatively little is known about the macromolecular organization of the sNS1 hexamer. Here, we have applied single-particle analysis to images of baculovirus-derived recombinant dengue 2 virus NS1 obtained by electron microscopy to determine its 3D structure to a resolution of 23 Å. This structure reveals a barrel-like organization of the three dimeric units that comprise the hexamer and provides further insights into the overall organization of oligomeric sNS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Muller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J Landsberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Cheryl Bletchly
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Rosalba Rothnagel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lynne Waddington
- CSIRO, Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton South, Victoria, 3169, Australia
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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34
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Li Y, Counor D, Lu P, Liang G, Vu T, Phan T, Huynh T, Sun G, Grandadam M, Butrapet S, Lavergne J, Flamand M, Yu Y, Solomon T, Buchy P, Deubel V. A specific and sensitive antigen capture assay for NS1 protein quantitation in Japanese encephalitis virus infection. J Virol Methods 2012; 179:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Determination of Peptide and Protein Disulfide Linkages by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 331:79-116. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Rodriguez-Roche R, Villegas E, Cook S, Poh Kim PAW, Hinojosa Y, Rosario D, Villalobos I, Bendezu H, Hibberd ML, Guzman MG. Population structure of the dengue viruses, Aragua, Venezuela, 2006-2007. Insights into dengue evolution under hyperendemic transmission. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 12:332-44. [PMID: 22197765 PMCID: PMC3919160 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the past three decades there has been a notable increase in dengue disease severity in Venezuela. Nevertheless, the population structure of the viruses being transmitted in this country is not well understood. Here, we present a molecular epidemiological study on dengue viruses (DENV) circulating in Aragua State, Venezuela during 2006-2007. Twenty-one DENV full-length genomes representing all of the four serotypes were amplified and sequenced directly from the serum samples. Notably, only DENV-2 was associated with severe disease. Phylogenetic trees constructed using Bayesian methods indicated that only one genotype was circulating for each serotype. However, extensive viral genetic diversity was found in DENV isolated from the same area during the same period, indicating significant in situ evolution since the introduction of these genotypes. Collectively, the results suggest that the non-structural (NS) proteins may play an important role in DENV evolution, particularly NS1, NS2A and NS4B proteins. The phylogenetic data provide evidence to suggest that multiple introductions of DENV have occurred from the Latin American region into Venezuela and vice versa. The implications of the significant viral genetic diversity generated during hyperendemic transmission, particularly in NS protein are discussed and considered in the context of future development and use of human monoclonal antibodies as antivirals and tetravalent vaccines.
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37
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Expression and immunoaffinity purification of recombinant dengue virus 2 NS1 protein as a cleavable SUMOstar fusion. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 82:20-5. [PMID: 22100526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) encoded nonstructural one (NS1) is a 352 amino acid protein that exists in multiple oligomeric states and is conserved within the flavivirus family. Although NS1 has been heavily researched for its diagnostic utility, there is a gap in the understanding of its role in a range of viral processes, including replication and development of clinical pathologies such as vascular leakage. Many of these functions involve unknown interactions with viral and host proteins. This study describes the generation of a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb 56.2) that reacts with NS1 from DENV1 and 2, and the expression of recombinant SUMOstar-tagged DENV2 NS1 (DENV2 S∗-NS1) in baculovirus. This is the first time dengue NS1 has been produced as a SUMOstar fusion with the S∗-tag increasing protein solubility and secretion compared with a non-S∗-tagged NS1 construct. The protein was readily purified using a mAb 56.2 immunoaffinity column and untagged NS1 was obtained by treatment with tobacco etch virus protease to remove the S∗-tag. Size exclusion chromatography and glycosylation assays showed that both secreted S∗-NS1, and cleaved NS1, are hexameric and glycosylated, and will be useful tools in elucidating dengue NS1 protein interactions and functions.
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38
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Janecki DJ, Nemeth JF. Application of MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation for the identification of disulfide-bonded peptides. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:677-688. [PMID: 21744417 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a method for the fast identification and composition of disulfide-bonded peptides. A unique fragmentation signature of inter-disulfide-bonded peptides is detected using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF)/TOF mass spectrometry and high-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID). This fragmentation pattern identifies peptides with an interconnected disulfide bond and provides information regarding the composition of the peptides involved in the pairing. The distinctive signature produced using CID is a triplet of ions resulting from the cleavage of the disulfide bond to produce dehydroalanine, cysteine or thiocysteine product ions. This method is not applicable to intra-peptide disulfide bonds, as the cleavage mechanism is not the same and a triplet pattern is not observed. This method has been successfully applied to identifying disulfide-bonded peptides in a number of control digestions, as well as study samples where disulfide bond networks were postulated and/or unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz J Janecki
- Centocor Research & Development, Inc., 145 King of Prussia Rd., Radnor, PA 19087, USA
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39
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Polyclonal antibodies against properly folded Dengue virus NS1 protein expressed in E. coli enable sensitive and early dengue diagnosis. J Virol Methods 2011; 175:109-16. [PMID: 21569796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The non-structural 1 (NS1) protein plays an important role in dengue diagnosis because it has been detected as a soluble serum antigen in both primary and secondary infections. The NS1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and the efficiency of four different refolding protocols was tested. All of the protocols generated dimeric NS1 in a conformation similar to that of the protein expressed by eukaryotic cells. A polyclonal antibody produced from the properly folded E. coli recombinant NS1 (rNS1) protein proved to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of Dengue virus because it detected 100% of the Dengue virus 2 (DENV2) in infected patients' sera and 60% of the DENV IgM-positive sera not detected by commercial NS1-based diagnostic kits. These data suggest a high-efficiency method for correctly folding rNS1 that maintains its structural and immunogenic properties. In addition, a detection method using the polyclonal antibody against correctly folded rNS1 seemed to be more sensitive and efficient for NS1 detection in serum, highlighting its usefulness for developing a high-sensitivity diagnostic kit.
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40
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Chen J, Shiyanov P, Zhang L, Schlager JJ, Green-Church KB. Top-Down Characterization of a Native Highly Intralinked Protein: Concurrent Cleavages of Disulfide and Protein Backbone Bonds. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6079-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1006766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Chen
- Applied Biotechnology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433 and Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Pavel Shiyanov
- Applied Biotechnology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433 and Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Applied Biotechnology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433 and Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - John J. Schlager
- Applied Biotechnology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433 and Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Kari B. Green-Church
- Applied Biotechnology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433 and Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Yusoff NA, Soin N, Rahman NA, Rahman RNZRA, Kahar MA, Ibrahim F. Binding characteristics study for dengue virus non-structural protein 1 of Antigen and its antibody by using circular dichroism technique. 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR TECHNICAL POSTGRADUATES (TECHPOS) 2009. [DOI: 10.1109/techpos.2009.5412060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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42
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Cheng HJ, Lei HY, Lin CF, Luo YH, Wan SW, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Lin YS. Anti-dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 antibodies recognize protein disulfide isomerase on platelets and inhibit platelet aggregation. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:398-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Pompach P, Man P, Kavan D, Hofbauerová K, Kumar V, Bezouska K, Havlícek V, Novák P. Modified electrophoretic and digestion conditions allow a simplified mass spectrometric evaluation of disulfide bonds. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:1571-1578. [PMID: 19551705 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Proper formation of disulfide bonds in proteins is a prerequisite to their stability and function. Information on disulfide pattern may therefore serve as an indication of the proper folding of recombinant proteins, and can also be used in protein homology modeling for the purpose of structure refinement. Protein handling and digestion at basic pH leads to disulfide bond scrambling. That is why the samples are usually treated and digested at low pH where no scrambling occurs. Unfortunately, the specific proteases used in protein research are active at high pH values. Here, we present a complete sample handling protocol, which allows processing of disulfide containing proteins at basic pH. We modified the standard SDS gel electrophoresis and protein digestion conditions by the addition of an oxidative agent, cystamine. This modification prevented disulfide scrambling, which we otherwise observed in the samples handled according to the general protocol. Lysozyme from hen egg was used as a model protein for the development of the method. We then applied our protocol to human leukocyte antigen CD69, for which the disulfide bonding is known, but only for its monomeric form. In addition, the disulfide arrangement was then 'de novo' identified in the recombinant murine leukocyte receptor NKR-P1A and in the larger glycosylated proteins beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases from Aspergillus oryzae and Penicillium oxalicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pompach
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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44
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Das D, Mongkolaungkoon S, Suresh MR. Super induction of dengue virus NS1 protein in E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 66:66-72. [PMID: 19232392 PMCID: PMC7129434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus is a useful target for diagnostics of dengue infection since the protein is abundantly circulating in blood during the acute phase of the disease. Prior work has established that secreted NS1 levels in plasma correlates with viremia levels and hence can also be used to diagnose patients at the risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. Thus detection of non-structural dengue antigens may be of benefit for an early rapid diagnosis of dengue infection due to its long half life in the blood. Here we describe a simple and efficient method for the expression of NS1 in Escherichia coli, which could potentially be used to develop monoclonal and bispecific antibodies for point of care diagnostics. E. coli codon optimized synthetic full-length NS1 gene of dengue serotype 1 (DEN-1) was successfully cloned and expressed in very high-level as inclusion bodies. The NS1 protein was successfully affinity purified and refolded as a recombinant NS1 (rNS1) protein in E. coli and yield was 230–250 mg/L of bacterial culture. The rNS1 protein was used to immunize mice for hybridoma development. The polyclonal antiserum from animals immunized with this rNS1 protein was found to specifically recognize the rNS1, thus demonstrating the immunogenic nature of the protein. The rNS1 protein purified from E. coli could be useful for developing a sensitive serum diagnostic assay to monitor dengue outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Das
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11304-89 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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45
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Proteomic Analysis of Endothelial Cell Autoantigens Recognized by Anti-Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Antibodies. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:63-73. [DOI: 10.3181/0805-rm-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed the occurrence of autoimmune responses in dengue virus (DV) infection, which has potential implications for the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic syndrome. In the present study, we have used a proteomic analysis to identify several candidate proteins on HMEC-1 endothelial cells recognized by anti-DV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antibodies. The target proteins, including ATP synthase β chain, protein disulfide isomerase, vimentin, and heat shock protein 60, co-localize with anti-NS1 binding sites on nonfixed HMEC-1 cells using immunohistochemical double staining and confocal microscopy. The cross-reactivity of anti-target protein antibodies with HMEC-1 cells was inhibited by NS1 protein pre-absorption. Furthermore, a cross-reactive epitope on NS1 amino acid residues 311–330 (P311–330) was predicted using homologous sequence alignment. The reactivity of dengue hemorrhagic patient sera with HMEC-1 cells was blocked by synthetic peptide P311–330 pre-absorption. Taken together, our results identify putative targets on endothelial cells recognized by anti-DV NS1 antibodies, where NS1 P311–330 possesses the shared epitope.
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46
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Combes A, Choi SJ, Pimentel C, Darbon H, Waidelich D, Mestivier D, Camadro JM. Determination with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the extensive disulfide bonding in tarantula venom peptide Psalmopeotoxin I. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2009; 15:517-529. [PMID: 19661560 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Psalmopeotoxin I (PcFK1) is a 33-residue peptide isolated from the venom of the tarantula Psalmopoeus cambridgei. This peptide specifically inhibits the intra-erythrocyte stage of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. It contains six cysteine residues forming three disulfide bridges and belongs to the superfamily of natural peptides containing the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) fold. We produced the wild-type and mutated forms of the recombinant peptide to examine the mechanism of action of PcFK1. The purified toxins were consistently produced as two isobaric peptides (r-PcFK1-1 and r-PcFK1-2) with different retention properties but identical anti-plasmodial -biological activity. Comparison of (15)N-NMR heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectra revealed that although rPcFK1-1 was highly structured, rPcFK1-2 does not have a stable three-dimensional structure. We used high-energy collision-induced fragmentation of the peptides with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of- flight mass spectrometer to further investigate the structure of the native peptides in its natural form and produced in E. coli. The fragmentation spectra of the native peptides were very complex due to the occurrence in the spectrum of ions resulting from (1) cross-linking of fragments through a disulfide bridge and (2) asymmetric fragmentations of the disulfide bridges and (3) multiple neutral losses. The tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern of r-PcFK1-1 was similar to that of the natural peptide isolated from crude venom, but r-PcFK1-2 had a clearly distinct fragmentation pattern, more closely resembling the fragmentation spectra of reduced and alkylated peptides. Observed ions could be attributed to specific fragments by comparing spectra between the wild-type and selected variants with point mutations (Y11W, R20T, Y26W, K28V). The disulfide connections in r-PcFK1-2 differed from those of the native peptide and showed a rare disulfide bridge between vicinal cysteine residues. The r-PcFK1_(R20T) variant showed a very limited fragmentation pattern when analyzed in positive mode but displayed much more fragmentation in negative mode pointing out the importance of the R20 residue in the fragmentation of PcFK1. Using the reductive matrix 1,5-diaminonaphtalene promoted strongly in source decay fragmentation of the peptides in MS mode. Our findings illustrated the critical role of the electronic environment around the central Cys(18)-Cys(19) doublet in PcFK1 in internal fragmentation of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Combes
- Protein Engineering and Metabolic Control, Molecular and Cellular Pathology Program, Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592,-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
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Dave KA, Whelan F, Bindloss C, Furness SGB, Chapman-Smith A, Whitelaw ML, Gorman JJ. Sulfonation and phosphorylation of regions of the dioxin receptor susceptible to methionine modifications. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 8:706-19. [PMID: 19059900 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800459-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tagged murine dioxin receptor was purified from mammalian cells, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by capillary HPLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and -MS/MS. Several chromatographically distinct semitryptic peptides matching two regions spanning residues Glu(409)-Arg(424) and Ser(547)-Arg(555) of the dioxin receptor were revealed by de novo sequencing. Methionine residues at 418 and 548 were detected in these peptides as either unmodified or modified by moieties of 16 (oxidation) or 57 amu (S-carboxamidomethylation) or in a form corresponding to degradative removal of 105 amu from the S-carboxamidomethylated methionine. MS/MS spectra revealed that the peptides containing modified methionine residues also existed in forms with a modification of +80 amu on serine residues 411, 415, and 547. The MS/MS spectra of these peptide ions also revealed diagnostic neutral loss fragment ions of 64, 98, and/or 80 amu, and in some instances combinations of these neutral losses were apparent. Taken together, these data indicated that serines 411 and 547 of the dioxin receptor were sulfonated and serine 415 was phosphorylated. Separate digests of the dioxin receptor were prepared in H(2)(16)O and H(2)(18)O, and enzymatic dephosphorylation was subsequently performed on the H(2)(16)O digest only. The digests were mixed in equal proportions and analyzed by capillary HPLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and -MS/MS. This strategy confirmed assignment of sulfonation as the cause of the +80-amu modifications on serines 411 and 547 and phosphorylation as the predominant cause of the +80-amu modification of serine 415. The relative quantitation of phosphorylation and sulfonation enabled by this differential phosphatase strategy also suggested the presence of sulfonation on a serine other than residue 411 within the sequence spanning Glu(409)-Arg(424). This represents the first description of post-translational sulfonation sites and identification of a new phosphorylation site of the latent dioxin receptor. Furthermore this is only the second report of serine sulfonation of eukaryotic proteins. Mutagenesis studies are underway to assess the functional consequences of these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyur A Dave
- Protein Discovery Centre, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, P. O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Zhang L, Xu H, Chen CL, Green-Church KB, Freitas MA, Chen YR. Mass spectrometry profiles superoxide-induced intramolecular disulfide in the FMN-binding subunit of mitochondrial Complex I. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:1875-1886. [PMID: 18789718 PMCID: PMC2614441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein thiols with regulatory functions play a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of the redox state in mitochondria. One major host of regulatory cysteines in mitochondria is Complex I, with the thiols primarily located on its 51 kDa FMN-binding subunit. In response to oxidative stress, these thiols are expected to form intramolecular disulfide bridges as one of their oxidative post-translational modifications. Here, to test this hypothesis and gain insights into the molecular pattern of disulfide in Complex I, the isolated bovine Complex I was prepared. Superoxide (O(2)(.-)) is generated by Complex I under the conditions of enzyme turnover. O(2)(.-)-induced intramolecular disulfide formation at the 51, kDa subunit was determined by tandem mass spectrometry and database searching, with the latter accomplished by adaptation of the in-house developed database search engine, MassMatrix [Xu, H., et al., J. Proteome Res. 2008, 7, 138-144]. LC/MS/MS analysis of tryptic/chymotryptic digests of the 51 kDa subunit from alkylated Complex I revealed that four specific cysteines (C(125), C(142), C(187), and C(206)) of the 51 kDa subunit were involved in the formation of mixed intramolecular disulfide linkages. In all, three cysteine pairs were observed: C(125)/C(142), C(187)/C(206), and C(142)/C(206). The formation of disulfide bond was subsequently inhibited by superoxide dismutase, indicating the involvement of O(2)(.-). These results elucidated by mass spectrometry indicate that the residues of C(125), C(142), C(187), and C(206) are the specific regulatory cysteines of Complex I and they participate in the oxidative modification with disulfide formation under the physiological or pathophysiological conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Chwen-Lih Chen
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kari B. Green-Church
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Michael A. Freitas
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yeong-Renn Chen
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Xu H, Zhang L, Freitas MA. Identification and characterization of disulfide bonds in proteins and peptides from tandem MS data by use of the MassMatrix MS/MS search engine. J Proteome Res 2007; 7:138-44. [PMID: 18072732 DOI: 10.1021/pr070363z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new database search algorithm has been developed to identify disulfide-linked peptides in tandem MS data sets. The algorithm is included in the newly developed tandem MS database search program, MassMatrix. The algorithm exploits the probabilistic scoring model in MassMatrix to achieve identification of disulfide bonds in proteins and peptides. Proteins and peptides with disulfide bonds can be identified with high confidence without chemical reduction or other derivatization. The approach was tested on peptide and protein standards with known disulfide bonds. All disulfide bonds in the standard set were identified by MassMatrix. The algorithm was further tested on bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNaseA). The 4 native disulfide bonds in RNaseA were detected by MassMatrix with multiple validated peptide matches for each disulfide bond with high statistical scores. Fifteen nonnative disulfide bonds were also observed in the protein digest under basic conditions (pH = 8.0) due to disulfide bond interchange. After minimizing the disulfide bond interchange (pH = 6.0) during digestion, only one nonnative disulfide bond was observed. The MassMatrix algorithm offers an additional approach for the discovery of disulfide bond from tandem mass spectrometry data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Hardouin J. Protein sequence information by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in-source decay mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:672-82. [PMID: 17492750 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteins from biological samples are often identified by mass spectrometry (MS) with the two following "bottom-up" approaches: peptide mass fingerprinting or peptide sequence tag. Nevertheless, these strategies are time-consuming (digestion, liquid chromatography step, desalting step), the N- (or C-) terminal information often lacks and post-translational modifications (PTMs) are hardly observed. The in-source decay (ISD) occurring in a matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source appears an interesting analytical tool to obtain N-terminal sequence, to identify proteins and to characterize PTMs by a "top-down" strategy. The goal of this review deals with the usefulness of the ISD technique in MALDI source in proteomics fields. In the first part, the ISD principle is explained and in the second part, the use of ISD in proteomic studies is discussed for protein identification and sequence characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hardouin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Protéines et Protéomique, Université Paris XIII, UMR CNRS 7033, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93 017, Bobigny Cedex, France.
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