1
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Sanches BDA, Teófilo FBS, Brunet MY, Villapun VM, Man K, Rocha LC, Neto JP, Matsumoto MR, Maldarine JS, Ciena AP, Cox SC, Carvalho HF. Telocytes: current methods of research, challenges and future perspectives. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:141-155. [PMID: 38539007 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are CD34-positive interstitial cells that have long cytoplasmic projections, called telopodes; they have been identified in several organs and in various species. These cells establish a complex communication network between different stromal and epithelial cell types, and there is growing evidence that they play a key role in physiology and pathology. In many tissues, TC network impairment has been implicated in the onset and progression of pathological conditions, which makes the study of TCs of great interest for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarise the main methods involved in the characterisation of these cells as well as their inherent difficulties and then discuss the functional assays that are used to uncover the role of TCs in normal and pathological conditions, from the most traditional to the most recent. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives in the study of TCs, especially regarding the establishment of more precise markers, commercial lineages and means for drug delivery and genetic editing that directly target TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco B S Teófilo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Y Brunet
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victor M Villapun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kenny Man
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Lara C Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta R Matsumoto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Ahmadieh-Yazdi A, Mahdavinezhad A, Tapak L, Nouri F, Taherkhani A, Afshar S. Using machine learning approach for screening metastatic biomarkers in colorectal cancer and predictive modeling with experimental validation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19426. [PMID: 37940644 PMCID: PMC10632378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis accounts for the majority of fatalities associated with CRC. Early detection of metastasis is crucial for improving patient outcomes but can be delayed due to a lack of symptoms. In this research, we aimed to investigate CRC metastasis-related biomarkers by employing a machine learning (ML) approach and experimental validation. The gene expression profile of CRC patients with liver metastasis was obtained using the GSE41568 dataset, and the differentially expressed genes between primary and metastatic samples were screened. Subsequently, we carried out feature selection to identify the most relevant DEGs using LASSO and Penalized-SVM methods. DEGs commonly selected by these methods were selected for further analysis. Finally, the experimental validation was done through qRT-PCR. 11 genes were commonly selected by LASSO and P-SVM algorithms, among which seven had prognostic value in colorectal cancer. It was found that the expression of the MMP3 gene decreases in stage IV of colorectal cancer compared to other stages (P value < 0.01). Also, the expression level of the WNT11 gene was observed to increase significantly in this stage (P value < 0.001). It was also found that the expression of WNT5a, TNFSF11, and MMP3 is significantly lower, and the expression level of WNT11 is significantly higher in liver metastasis samples compared to primary tumors. In summary, this study has identified a set of potential biomarkers for CRC metastasis using ML algorithms. The findings of this research may provide new insights into identifying biomarkers for CRC metastasis and may potentially lay the groundwork for innovative therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahmadieh-Yazdi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavinezhad
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Tapak
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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3
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Tufail M, Wu C. WNT5A: a double-edged sword in colorectal cancer progression. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108465. [PMID: 37495091 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is known to play a crucial role in cancer, and WNT5A is a member of this pathway that binds to the Frizzled (FZD) and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor (ROR) family members to activate non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. The WNT5A pathway is involved in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, and polarization. In the case of colorectal cancer (CRC), abnormal activation or inhibition of WNT5A signaling can lead to both oncogenic and antitumor effects. Moreover, WNT5A is associated with inflammation, metastasis, and altered metabolism in cancer cells. This article aims to discuss the molecular mechanisms and dual roles of WNT5A in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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4
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Fan Y, Lei Z, Huang J, Su D, Ni D, Chen Y. Effect and Mechanism of Theaflavins on Fluoride Transport and Absorption in Caco-2 Cells. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071487. [PMID: 37048308 PMCID: PMC10094491 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated the effect and mechanism of theaflavins (TFs) on fluoride (F−) uptake and transport in the Caco-2 cell model through structural chemistry and transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the four major TFs (TF, TF3G, TF3′G and TFDG) at a 150 μg/mL concentration could all significantly decrease F− transport in Caco-2 cells after 2 h of treatment and, at 2 μg/mL F− concentration, the F− transport was more inclined to efflux. During transport, the F− retention in Caco-2 cells was significantly increased by TF3G while it was clearly decreased by TF. The interaction between TFs and F− was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry, and F− was shown to affect the π bond vibration on the benzene ring of TFs, thus influencing their stability. Additionally, F− showed weak binding to TF3G, TF3′G and TFDG, which may inhibit F− transport and absorption in the Caco-2 cell line. Transcriptome and RT-PCR analysis identified three key differentially expressed genes related to cell permeability, and TFs can be assumed to mediate F− transport by regulating the expression of permeability-related genes to change cell monolayer permeability and enhance cell barrier function; however, this needs to be further elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhendong Lei
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Su
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhu Y, Li X. Advances of Wnt Signalling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030447. [PMID: 36766788 PMCID: PMC9913588 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate despite the decreasing incidence and new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. CRC arises from both epidemiologic and molecular backgrounds. In addition to hereditary factor and genetic mutations, the strongly varying incidence of CRC is closely linked to chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestine and terrible dietary habits. The Wnt signalling pathway is a complex regulatory network that is implicated in many CRC physiological processes, including cancer occurrence, development, prognosis, invasion, and metastasis. It is currently believed to include classical Wnt/β-catenin, Wnt/PCP, and Wnt/Ca2+. In this review, we summarise the recent mechanisms and potential regulators of the three branches of the Wnt signalling pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
- Shandong Kelun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0531-8838-2612
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6
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Wang J, Yang Q, Tang M, Liu W. Validation and analysis of expression, prognosis and immune infiltration of WNT gene family in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911316. [PMID: 35957916 PMCID: PMC9359207 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been challenging. Signaling cascades involving the Wingless-type (WNT) gene family play important biological roles and show prognostic value in various cancers, including NSCLC. On this basis, this study aimed to investigate the significance of WNTs in the prognosis and tumor immunity in NSCLC by comprehensive analysis. Expression and methylation levels of WNTs were obtained from the ONCOMINE, TIMER, and UALCAN. The dataset obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized for prognostic analysis. cBioPortal was used to perform genetic alterations and correlation analysis of WNTs. R software was employed for functional enrichment and pathway analysis, partial statistics, and graph drawing. TRRUST was used to find key transcription factors. GEPIA was utilized for the analysis of expression, pathological staging, etc. Correlative analysis of immune infiltrates from TIMER. TISIDB was used for further immune infiltration validation analysis. Compared with that of normal tissues, WNT2/2B/3A/4/7A/9A/9B/11 expressions decreased, while WNT3/5B/6/7B/8B/10A/10B/16 expressions increased in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); WNT2/3A/7A/11 expressions were lessened, while WNT2B/3/5A/5B/6/7B/10A/10B/16 expressions were enhanced in squamous cell lung cancer (LUSC). Survival analysis revealed that highly expressed WNT2B and lowly expressed WNT7A predicted better prognostic outcomes in LUAD and LUSC. In the study of immune infiltration levels, WNT2, WNT9B, and WNT10A were positively correlated with six immune cells in LUAD; WNT1, WNT2, and WNT9B were positively correlated with six immune cells in LUSC, while WNT7B was negatively correlated. Our study indicated that WNT2B and WNT7A might have prognostic value in LUAD, and both of them might be important prognostic factors in LUSC and correlated to immune cell infiltration in LUAD and LUSC to a certain extent. Considering the prognostic value of WNT2B and WNT7A in NSCLC, we validated their mRNA and protein expression levels in NSCLC by performing qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical staining on NSCLC pathological tissues and cell lines. This study may provide some direction for the subsequent exploration of the prognostic value of the WNTs and their role as biomarkers in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mengjie Tang
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Liu,
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7
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Heilig AK, Nakamura R, Shimada A, Hashimoto Y, Nakamura Y, Wittbrodt J, Takeda H, Kawanishi T. Wnt11 acts on dermomyotome cells to guide epaxial myotome morphogenesis. eLife 2022; 11:71845. [PMID: 35522214 PMCID: PMC9075960 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal axial muscles, or epaxial muscles, are a fundamental structure covering the spinal cord and vertebrae, as well as mobilizing the vertebrate trunk. To date, mechanisms underlying the morphogenetic process shaping the epaxial myotome are largely unknown. To address this, we used the medaka zic1/zic4-enhancer mutant Double anal fin (Da), which exhibits ventralized dorsal trunk structures resulting in impaired epaxial myotome morphology and incomplete coverage over the neural tube. In wild type, dorsal dermomyotome (DM) cells reduce their proliferative activity after somitogenesis. Subsequently, a subset of DM cells, which does not differentiate into the myotome population, begins to form unique large protrusions extending dorsally to guide the epaxial myotome dorsally. In Da, by contrast, DM cells maintain the high proliferative activity and mainly form small protrusions. By combining RNA- and ChIP-sequencing analyses, we revealed direct targets of Zic1, which are specifically expressed in dorsal somites and involved in various aspects of development, such as cell migration, extracellular matrix organization, and cell-cell communication. Among these, we identified wnt11 as a crucial factor regulating both cell proliferation and protrusive activity of DM cells. We propose that dorsal extension of the epaxial myotome is guided by a non-myogenic subpopulation of DM cells and that wnt11 empowers the DM cells to drive the coverage of the neural tube by the epaxial myotome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kathrin Heilig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryohei Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shimada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kawanishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Ionica E, Gaina G, Tica M, Chifiriuc MC, Gradisteanu-Pircalabioru G. Contribution of Epithelial and Gut Microbiome Inflammatory Biomarkers to the Improvement of Colorectal Cancer Patients' Stratification. Front Oncol 2022; 11:811486. [PMID: 35198435 PMCID: PMC8859258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.811486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to ensure that primary endpoints of clinical studies are attained, the patients' stratification is an important aspect. Selection criteria include age, gender, and also specific biomarkers, such as inflammation scores. These criteria are not sufficient to achieve a straightforward selection, however, in case of multifactorial diseases, with unknown or partially identified mechanisms, occasionally including host factors, and the microbiome. In these cases, the efficacy of interventions is difficult to predict, and as a result, the selection of subjects is often random. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, with variable clinical features, outcomes, and response to therapy; the CRC onset and progress involves multiple sequential steps with accumulation of genetic alterations, namely, mutations, gene amplification, and epigenetic changes. The gut microbes, either eubiotic or dysbiotic, could influence the CRC evolution through a complex and versatile crosstalk with the intestinal and immune cells, permanently changing the tumor microenvironment. There have been significant advances in the development of personalized approaches for CRC screening, treatment, and potential prevention. Advances in molecular techniques bring new criteria for patients' stratification-mutational analysis at the time of diagnosis to guide treatment, for example. Gut microbiome has emerged as the main trigger of gut mucosal homeostasis. This may impact cancer susceptibility through maintenance of the epithelial/mucus barrier and production of protective metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) via interactions with the hosts' diet and metabolism. Microbiome dysbiosis leads to the enrichment of cancer-promoting bacterial populations, loss of protective populations or maintaining an inflammatory chronic state, all of which contribute to the development and progression of CRC. Meanwhile, variations in patient responses to anti-cancer immuno- and chemotherapies were also linked to inter-individual differences in intestine microbiomes. The authors aim to highlight the contribution of epithelial and gut microbiome inflammatory biomarkers in the improvement of CRC patients' stratification towards a personalized approach of early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ionica
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gisela Gaina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Experimental Miology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tica
- Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Biological Science Division, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Broholm M, Degett TH, Furbo S, Fiehn AMK, Bulut M, Litman T, Eriksen JO, Troelsen JT, Gjerdrum LMR, Gögenur I. Colonic Stent as Bridge to Surgery for Malignant Obstruction Induces Gene Expressional Changes Associated with a More Aggressive Tumor Phenotype. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8519-8531. [PMID: 34467497 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonic stent is recommended as a bridge to elective surgery for malignant obstruction to improve short-term clinical outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer. However, since the oncological outcomes remain controversial, this study aimed to investigate the impact of self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) on the tumor microenvironment. METHODS Patients treated with colonic stent as a bridge to surgery from 2010 to 2015 were identified from hospital records. Tumor biopsies and resected tumor samples of the eligible patients were retrieved retrospectively. Gene expression analysis was performed using the NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO 360 gene expression panel. RESULTS Of the 164 patients identified, this study included 21 who underwent colonic stent placement as a bridge to elective surgery. Gene expression analysis revealed 82 differentially expressed genes between pre- and post-intervention specimens, of which 72 were upregulated and 10 downregulated. Among the significantly upregulated genes, 46 are known to have protumor functions, of which 26 are specifically known to induce tumorigenic mechanisms such as proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In addition, ten differentially expressed genes were identified that are known to promote antitumor functions. CONCLUSION SEMS induces gene expressional changes in the tumor microenvironment that are associated with tumor progression in colorectal cancer and may potentiate a more aggressive phenotype. Future studies are warranted to establish optimal timing of surgery after SEMS insertion in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Broholm
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark. .,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Thea Helene Degett
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Sara Furbo
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Jesper T Troelsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Jeong YY, Lee GY, Yoo YC. Bovine Lactoferricin Induces Intestinal Epithelial Cell Activation through Phosphorylation of FAK and Paxillin and Prevents Rotavirus Infection. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1175-1182. [PMID: 34226406 PMCID: PMC9705853 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of bovine lactoferricin (Lfcin-B), a peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin, on activation of intestinal epithelial cells in IEC-6 intestinal cell, and protection against in vivo rotavirus (RV) infection. Treatment with Lfcin-B significantly enhanced the growth of IEC-6 cells and increased their capacity for attachment and spreading in culture plates. Also, Lfcin-B synergistically augmented the binding of IEC-6 cells to laminin, a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the analysis of the intracellular mechanism related to Lfcin-B-induced activation of IEC-6 cells, this peptide upregulated tyrosine-dependent phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, which are intracellular proteins associated with cell adhesion, spreading, and signal transduction during cell activation. An experiment using synthetic peptides with various sequences of amino acids revealed that a sequence of 9 amino acids (FKCRRWQWR) corresponding to 17-25 of the N-terminus of Lfcin-B is responsible for the epithelial cell activation. In an in vivo experiment, treatment with Lfcin-B one day before RV infection effectively prevented RV-induced diarrhea and significantly reduced RV titers in the bowels of infected mice. These results suggest that Lfcin-B plays meaningful roles in the maintenance and repair of intestinal mucosal tissues, as well as in protecting against intestinal infection by RV. Collectively, Lfcin-B is a promising candidate with potential applications in drugs or functional foods beneficial for intestinal health and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Young Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-10-7573-9249 Fax: +82-42-600-8694 E-mail:
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Kim J, Jung E, Ahn SS, Yeo H, Lee JY, Seo JK, Lee YH, Shin SY. WNT11 is a direct target of early growth response protein 1. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 32635983 PMCID: PMC7781917 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT11 is a member of the non-canonical Wnt family and plays a crucial role in tumor progression. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying WNT11 expression are unclear. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a major inflammatory cytokine produced in the tumor microenvironment and contributes to processes associated with tumor progression, such as tumor invasion and metastasis. By using site-directed mutagenesis and introducing a serial deletion in the 5'-regulatory region of WNT11, we observed that TNFα activates the early growth response 1 (EGR1)-binding sequence (EBS) in the proximal region of WNT11 and that the transcription factor EGR1 is necessary for the TNFα-induced transcription of WNT11. EGR1 bound directly to the EBSs within the proximal 5'-regulatory region of WNT11 and ectopic expression of EGR1 stimulated WNT11 promoter activity, whereas the knockdown of EGR1 expression by RNA interference reduced TNFα-induced WNT11 expression in T47D breast cancer cells. We also observed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase mediated TNFα-induced transcription of WNT11 via EGR1. Our results suggest that EGR1 directly targets WNT11 in response to TNFα stimulation in breast cancer cells. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(12): 628-633].
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Affiliation(s)
- JuHwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Euitaek Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Shin Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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12
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Chen Y, Chen Z, Tang Y, Xiao Q. The involvement of noncanonical Wnt signaling in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110946. [PMID: 33212376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the key cascades regulating normal tissue development and has been tightly associated with cancer. The Wnt signaling can be subdivided into two categories: canonical & noncanonical. Noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways mainly include Wnt/PCP (planar cell polarity) signaling and Wnt-cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) /Ca2+ signaling. It has been well studied by previous researches that noncanonical Wnt signaling regulates multiple cell functions including proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, polarity, motility, and migration. The aberrant activation or inhibition of noncanonical Wnt signaling is crucial in cancer progression, exerting both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive effects. Recent studies show the involvement of noncanonical Wnt in regulating cancer cell invasion, metastasis, metabolism, and inflammation. Here, we review current insights into novel components of non-canonical signalings and describe their involvement in various cancer types. We also summarize recent biological and clinical discoveries that outline non-canonical Wnt signaling in tumorigenesis. Finally, we provide an overview of current strategies to target non-canonical Wnt signaling in cancer and challenges that are associated with such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Yuhuan People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengxi Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People׳s Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yin Tang
- Omni Family Health, Bakersfield, CA, United States
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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13
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Malcomson FC, Willis ND, McCallum I, Xie L, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, Hébert JR, Kocaadam-Bozkurt B, Özturan-Sirin A, Kelly SB, Bradburn DM, Belshaw NJ, Johnson IT, Mathers JC. Diet-Associated Inflammation Modulates Inflammation and WNT Signaling in the Rectal Mucosa, and the Response to Supplementation with Dietary Fiber. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:337-346. [PMID: 33115783 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation drives colorectal cancer development, and colorectal cancer risk is influenced by dietary factors, including dietary fiber. Hyperactive WNT signaling occurs in colorectal cancer and may regulate inflammation. This study investigated (i) relationships between the inflammatory potential of diet, assessed using the Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), and markers of WNT signaling, and (ii) whether DII status modulated the response to supplementation with two types of dietary fiber. Seventy-five healthy participants were supplemented with resistant starch and/or polydextrose (PD) or placebo for 50 days. Rectal biopsies were collected before and after intervention and used to assess WNT pathway gene expression and crypt cell proliferation. E-DII scores were calculated from food frequency questionnaire data. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fecal calprotectin concentrations were quantified. hsCRP concentration was significantly greater in participants with higher E-DII scores [least square means (LSM) 4.7 vs. 2.4 mg/L, P = 0.03]. Baseline E-DII score correlated with FOSL1 (β = 0.503, P = 0.003) and WNT11 (β = 0.472, P = 0.006) expression, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, endoscopy procedure, and smoking status. WNT11 expression was more than 2-fold greater in individuals with higher E-DII scores (LSM 0.131 vs. 0.059, P = 0.002). Baseline E-DII modulated the effects of PD supplementation on FOSL1 expression (P = 0.04). More proinflammatory diets were associated with altered WNT signaling and appeared to modulate the effects of PD supplementation on expression of FOSL1 This is the first study to investigate relationships between the E-DII and molecular markers of WNT signaling in rectal tissue of healthy individuals.Prevention Relevance: Our finding that more inflammatory dietary components may impact large bowel health through effects on a well-recognized pathway involved in cancer development will strengthen the evidence base for dietary advice to help prevent bowel cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi D Willis
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Iain McCallum
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, United Kingdom
| | - Long Xie
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Betul Kocaadam-Bozkurt
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Aycil Özturan-Sirin
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Seamus B Kelly
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nigel J Belshaw
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ian T Johnson
- Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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14
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Arachidonic Acid Promotes Intestinal Regeneration by Activating WNT Signaling. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:374-388. [PMID: 32649903 PMCID: PMC7419670 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal regeneration is crucial for functional restoration after injury, and nutritional molecules can play an important role in this process. Here, we found that arachidonic acid (AA) serves as a direct proliferation promoter of intestinal epithelial cells that facilitates small intestinal regeneration in both three-dimensional cultured organoids and mouse models. As shown in the study, during post-irradiation regeneration, AA positively regulates intestinal epithelial cell proliferation by upregulating the expression of Ascl2 and activating WNT signaling, but negatively regulates intestinal epithelial cell differentiation. AA acts as a delicate regulator that efficiently facilitates epithelial tissue repair by activating radiation-resistant Msi1+ cells rather than Lgr5+ cells, which are extensively considered WNT-activated crypt base stem cells. Additionally, short-term AA treatment maintains optimal intestinal epithelial homeostasis under physiological conditions. As a result, AA treatment can be considered a potential therapy for irradiation injury repair and tissue regeneration. AA promotes regeneration of intestinal epithelium after irradiation injury AA triggers Ascl2 expression and activates WNT signaling in intestinal epithelium AA facilitates intestinal repair by activating Msi1+ populations
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15
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Kostouros A, Koliarakis I, Natsis K, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Tsiaoussis J. Large intestine embryogenesis: Molecular pathways and related disorders (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:27-57. [PMID: 32319546 PMCID: PMC7255481 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The large intestine, part of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), is composed of all three germ layers, namely the endoderm, the mesoderm and the ectoderm, forming the epithelium, the smooth muscle layers and the enteric nervous system, respectively. Since gastrulation, these layers develop simultaneously during embryogenesis, signaling to each other continuously until adult age. Two invaginations, the anterior intestinal portal (AIP) and the caudal/posterior intestinal portal (CIP), elongate and fuse, creating the primitive gut tube, which is then patterned along the antero‑posterior (AP) axis and the radial (RAD) axis in the context of left‑right (LR) asymmetry. These events lead to the formation of three distinct regions, the foregut, midgut and hindgut. All the above‑mentioned phenomena are under strict control from various molecular pathways, which are critical for the normal intestinal development and function. Specifically, the intestinal epithelium constitutes a constantly developing tissue, deriving from the progenitor stem cells at the bottom of the intestinal crypt. Epithelial differentiation strongly depends on the crosstalk with the adjacent mesoderm. Major molecular pathways that are implicated in the embryogenesis of the large intestine include the canonical and non‑canonical wingless‑related integration site (Wnt), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Notch and hedgehog systems. The aberrant regulation of these pathways inevitably leads to several intestinal malformation syndromes, such as atresia, stenosis, or agangliosis. Novel theories, involving the regulation and homeostasis of intestinal stem cells, suggest an embryological basis for the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, the present review article summarizes the diverse roles of these molecular factors in intestinal embryogenesis and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kostouros
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion
| | - Ioannis Koliarakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion
| | - Konstantinos Natsis
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion
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16
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Nie X, Liu H, Liu L, Wang YD, Chen WD. Emerging Roles of Wnt Ligands in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1341. [PMID: 32923386 PMCID: PMC7456893 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is universal in most CRC cases. Wnt ligands (Wnts) are secreted glycoproteins and fundamentally essential for the transduction of Wnt signaling pathway. However, the 19 members of Wnts in humans imply a daunting complexity of Wnt signaling and biological effects, and our understanding of their roles in CRC tumorigenesis is still quite rudimentary. This review will give an overview of the structural characteristics and maturation process of Wnts. The expression pattern of all human Wnts in CRC tissues, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11, and Wnt16, and their relationship with the tumorigenesis and the progression of CRC will be specifically summarized separately. Despite certain challenges, Wnt-based therapeutics for CRC emerge continuously and some are now in clinical trials. In conclusion, a deep understanding of Wnts is very helpful for a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Dong Wang
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Wei-Dong Chen
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17
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Gorroño-Etxebarria I, Aguirre U, Sanchez S, González N, Escobar A, Zabalza I, Quintana JM, Vivanco MDM, Waxman J, Kypta RM. Wnt-11 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E908. [PMID: 31261741 PMCID: PMC6679153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the secreted factor Wnt-11 is elevated in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, where it promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Analysis of colorectal cancer gene expression databases associated WNT11 mRNA expression with increased likelihood of metastasis in a subset of patients. WNT11 expression was correlated with the expression of the Wnt receptors FZD6, RYK, and PTK7, and the combined expression of WNT11, FZD6 and RYK or PTK7 was associated with an increased risk of 5-year mortality rates. Immunohistochemical analysis of Wnt-11 in a cohort of 357 colorectal cancer patients found significantly higher Wnt-11 levels in tumors, compared with benign tissue. Elevated Wnt-11 levels occurred more frequently in rectal tumors than in colonic tumors and in tumors from women than men. In univariate analysis, increased Wnt-11 expression was also associated with tumor invasion and increased 5-year mortality. High Wnt-11 levels were not associated with high levels of nuclear β-catenin, suggesting Wnt-11 is not simply an indicator for activation of β-catenin-dependent signaling. Expression of Wnt-11 in colorectal cancer cell lines expressing low endogenous Wnt-11 inhibited β-catenin/Tcf activity and increased ATF2-dependent transcriptional activity. WNT11 gene silencing and antibody-mediated inhibition of Wnt-11 in colorectal cancer cell lines expressing high Wnt-11 reduced their capacity for invasion. Together, these observations suggest that Wnt-11 could be a potential target for the treatment of patients with invasive colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urko Aguirre
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Kronikgune Institute, Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 48902 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Saray Sanchez
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nerea González
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Kronikgune Institute, Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 48902 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio Escobar
- Kronikgune Institute, Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 48902 Bilbao, Spain
- Research Unit, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ignacio Zabalza
- Department of Pathology, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital and Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - José Maria Quintana
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Kronikgune Institute, Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 48902 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan Waxman
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Robert M Kypta
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain.
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK.
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18
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Cofre J, Saalfeld K, Abdelhay E. Cancer as an Embryological Phenomenon and Its Developmental Pathways: A Hypothesis regarding the Contribution of the Noncanonical Wnt Pathway. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:4714781. [PMID: 30940992 PMCID: PMC6421044 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4714781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For gastrulation to occur in human embryos, a mechanism that simultaneously regulates many different processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion, is required to consistently and effectively create a human being during embryonic morphogenesis. The striking similarities in the processes of cancer and gastrulation have prompted speculation regarding the developmental pathways involved in their regulation. One of the fundamental requirements for the developmental pathways in gastrulation and cancer is the ability to respond to environmental stimuli, and it has been proposed that the Kaiso and noncanonical Wnt pathways participate in the mechanisms regulating these developmental pathways. In particular, these pathways might also explain the notable differences in invasive capacity between cancers of endodermal and mesodermal origins and cancers of ectodermal origin. Nevertheless, the available information indicates that cancer is an abnormal state of adult human cells in which developmental pathways are reactivated in inappropriate temporal and spatial contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Cofre
- Laboratório de Embriologia Molecular e Câncer, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Sala 313b, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kay Saalfeld
- Laboratório de Filogenia Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Divisão de Laboratórios do CEMO, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Ming Z, Wang Y, Gong AY, Zhang XT, Li M, Chen T, Mathy NW, Strauss-Soukup JK, Chen XM. Attenuation of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Migration During Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Involves Parasite Cdg7_FLc_1030 RNA-Mediated Induction and Release of Dickkopf-1. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1336-1347. [PMID: 30052999 PMCID: PMC6129111 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal infection by Cryptosporidium is known to cause epithelial cell migration disorder but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Previous studies demonstrated that a panel of parasite RNA transcripts of low protein-coding potential are delivered into infected epithelial cells. Using multiple models of intestinal cryptosporidiosis, we report here that C. parvum infection induces expression and release of the dickkopf protein 1 (Dkk1) from intestinal epithelial cells. Delivery of parasite Cdg7_FLc_1030 RNA to intestinal epithelial cells triggers transactivation of host Dkk1 gene during C. parvum infection. Release of Dkk1 is involved in C. parvum-induced inhibition of cell migration of epithelial cells, including noninfected bystander cells. Moreover, Dkk1-mediated suppression of host cell migration during C. parvum infection involves inhibition of Cdc42/Par6 signaling. Our data support the hypothesis that attenuation of intestinal epithelial cell migration during Cryptosporidium infection involves parasite Cdg7_FLc_1030 RNA-mediated induction and release of Dkk1 from infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Ming
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Nicholas W Mathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
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20
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HGF promotes HTR-8/SVneo cell migration through activation of MAPK/PKA signaling leading to up-regulation of WNT ligands and integrins that target β-catenin. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:11-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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21
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Pulsed electromagnetic field induces Ca 2+-dependent osteoblastogenesis in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal cells through the Wnt-Ca 2+/Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:715-721. [PMID: 29909008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are effective in healing fractures and improving osteoporosis. However, their effect on mesenchymal cells remains largely unknown. In this study, the effects of PEMF on osteoblastogenesis and its underlying molecular signaling mechanisms were systematically investigated in C3H10T1/2 cells. C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal cells were exposed to 30-Hz PEMF bursts at various intensities for 3 consecutive days. The optimal PEMF exposure (30 Hz, 1 mT, 2 h/day) was applied in subsequent experiments. Our results suggest that intracellular [Ca2+]i in C3H10T1/2 cells can be upregulated upon exposure to PEMF and that PEMF-induced C3H10T1/2 cell differentiation was Ca2+-dependent. The pro-osteogenic effect of PEMF on Ca2+-dependent osteoblast differentiation was then verified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and von Kossa staining. Furthermore, PEMF promoted the gene expression and protein synthesis of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Increased [Ca2+]i in the nucleoplasm was followed by the mobilization and translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus in C3H10T1/2 cells. A model of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling network is proposed. Taken together, these findings indicated for the first time that PEMF induces osteoblastogenesis through increased intracellular [Ca2+]i and the Wnt-Ca2+/Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal cells.
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22
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Delgado-Bellido D, Fernández-Cortés M, Rodríguez MI, Serrano-Sáenz S, Carracedo A, Garcia-Diaz A, Oliver FJ. VE-cadherin promotes vasculogenic mimicry by modulating kaiso-dependent gene expression. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:348-361. [PMID: 29786069 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant extra-vascular expression of VE-cadherin (VEC) has been observed in metastasis associated with vasculogenic mimicry (VM); however, the ultimate reason why non-endothelial VEC favors the acquisition of this phenotype is not established. In this study, we show that human malignant melanoma cells have a constitutively high expression of phoshoVEC (pVEC) at Y658; pVEC is a target of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and forms a complex with p120-catenin and the transcriptional repressor kaiso in the nucleus. FAK inhibition enabled kaiso to suppress the expression of its target genes and enhanced kaiso recruitment to KBS-containing promoters. Finally we have found that ablation of kaiso-repressed genes WNT11 and CCDN1 abolished VM. Thus, identification of pVEC as a component of the kaiso transcriptional complex establishes a molecular paradigm that links FAK-dependent phosphorylation of VEC as a major mechanism by which ectopical VEC expression exerts its function in VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Delgado-Bellido
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Fernández-Cortés
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez
- Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación, Oncológica (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Serrano-Sáenz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain
| | - Angel Garcia-Diaz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | - F Javier Oliver
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Perochon J, Carroll LR, Cordero JB. Wnt Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cells: Lessons from Mice and Flies. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030138. [PMID: 29498662 PMCID: PMC5867859 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play critical roles in the basal maintenance of tissue integrity, also known as homeostasis, and in tissue regeneration following damage. The highly conserved Wnt signalling pathway is a key regulator of stem cell fate. In the gastrointestinal tract, Wnt signalling activation drives homeostasis and damage-induced repair. Additionally, deregulated Wnt signalling is a common hallmark of age-associated tissue dysfunction and cancer. Studies using mouse and fruit fly models have greatly improved our understanding of the functional contribution of the Wnt signalling pathway in adult intestinal biology. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge acquired from mouse and Drosophila research regarding canonical Wnt signalling and its key functions during stem cell driven intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, ageing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perochon
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Lynsey R Carroll
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Julia B Cordero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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Rashid D, Puettmann P, Roy E, Bradley RS. Neural crest development in Xenopus requires Protocadherin 7 at the lateral neural crest border. Mech Dev 2018; 149:41-52. [PMID: 29366801 PMCID: PMC5820198 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the neural crest is a unique population of pluripotent cells whose development is dependent on signaling from neighboring tissues. Cadherin family members, including protocadherins, are emerging as major players in neural crest development, largely through their roles in cell adhesion and sorting in embryonic tissues. Here, we show that Protocadherin 7 (Pcdh7), previously shown to function in sensorial layer integrity and neural tube closure in Xenopus, is also involved in neural crest specification and survival. Pcdh7 expression partly overlaps the neural crest domain at the lateral neural crest border. Pcdh7 knockdown in embryos does not alter neural crest induction; however, neural crest specification markers, including Snail2 and Sox9, are lost, due to apoptosis of the neural crest starting after stage 13. Pcdh7 knockdown also results in downregulation of Wnt11b; both of which are co-expressed in the sensorial layer lateral to the neural crest, suggestive of a role for Wnt11b in the neural crest apoptosis. Confirming this role, apoptosis, Snail2 expression and the developmental fate of the neural crest can be partially rescued by ectopic expression of Wnt11b. These results indicate that Pcdh7 plays an important role in maintaining the sensorial layer at the lateral neural crest border, which is necessary for the secretion of survival factors, including Wnt11b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rashid
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Paul Puettmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Ethan Roy
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Roger S. Bradley
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
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Bayerlová M, Menck K, Klemm F, Wolff A, Pukrop T, Binder C, Beißbarth T, Bleckmann A. Ror2 Signaling and Its Relevance in Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2017; 7:135. [PMID: 28695110 PMCID: PMC5483589 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and has been classified into five molecular subtypes based on gene expression profiles. Signaling processes linked to different breast cancer molecular subtypes and different clinical outcomes are still poorly understood. Aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in breast cancer progression. In particular Ror1/2 receptors and several other members of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway were associated with aggressive breast cancer behavior. However, Wnt signals are mediated via multiple complex pathways, and it is clinically important to determine which particular Wnt cascades, including their domains and targets, are deregulated in poor prognosis breast cancer. To investigate activation and outcome of the Ror2-dependent non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, we overexpressed the Ror2 receptor in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, stimulated the cells with its ligand Wnt5a, and we knocked-down Ror1 in MDA-MB231 cells. We measured the invasive capacity of perturbed cells to assess phenotypic changes, and mRNA was profiled to quantify gene expression changes. Differentially expressed genes were integrated into a literature-based non-canonical Wnt signaling network. The results were further used in the analysis of an independent dataset of breast cancer patients with metastasis-free survival annotation. Overexpression of the Ror2 receptor, stimulation with Wnt5a, as well as the combination of both perturbations enhanced invasiveness of MCF-7 cells. The expression-responsive targets of Ror2 overexpression in MCF-7 induced a Ror2/Wnt module of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. These targets alter regulation of other pathways involved in cell remodeling processing and cell metabolism. Furthermore, the genes of the Ror2/Wnt module were assessed as a gene signature in patient gene expression data and showed an association with clinical outcome. In summary, results of this study indicate a role of a newly defined Ror2/Wnt module in breast cancer progression and present a link between Ror2 expression and increased cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Bayerlová
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Klemm
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolff
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Binder
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Roettger A, Bruchhage KL, Drenckhan M, Ploetze-Martin K, Pries R, Wollenberg B. Inhibitory Effect of 1,8-Cineol on β-Catenin Regulation, WNT11 Expression, and Cellular Progression in HNSCC. Front Oncol 2017; 7:92. [PMID: 28589081 PMCID: PMC5438970 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The high mortality rates have not changed during the last three decades, and thus there is an enormous need for innovative therapy approaches. Several recent studies suggest an important role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC. We analyzed the effect of the monoterpene oxide 1,8-cineol on the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the cellular progression of different HNSCC cell lines. METHODS Permanent HNSCC cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations and times of 1,8-cineol. Regulation and activity profiles of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade were analyzed using Western hybridization experiments, MTT assays, real-time PCR-based epithelial to mesenchymal transition array, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Exposure of different cell lines to 1,8-cineol treatment resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and a decreased activity of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. We can show the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)α/β (Ser-9/21) as well as a corresponding decreased endolysosomal localization, leading to a decreased β-catenin activity. Furthermore, we can show that exposure to cineol functionally results in a reduced expression of WNT11. CONCLUSION In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that 1,8-cineol acts as an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin activity in HNSCC via a decreased inhibition of GSK-3, which lead to reduced levels of WNT11 and a dose-dependent decrease of the cellular progression. Our data represent a new mechanism of 1,8-cineol activity, which may lead to novel molecular targets and treatment approaches of this natural drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roettger
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maren Drenckhan
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kirsten Ploetze-Martin
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralph Pries
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Expression of Wnt11 and Rock2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activation of the WNT/PCP pathway and its clinical significance. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:880-885. [PMID: 27628667 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between expression of Wnt11, Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (Rock2), and its clinical characteristics in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Expression of Wnt11 and Rock2 protein was examined by using immunohistochemistry that contained 260 paraffin-embedded specimens of ESCC and its adjacent normal tissues; expression of Wnt11 and Rock2 protein was verified by Western-blotting that contained 20 specimens of ESCC and its adjacent normal tissues. The positive rates of Wnt11 protein in normal esophageal epithelium tissue was 29.8% and in esophageal carcinomas tissue was 31.9%; there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05); The positive rates of Rock2 protein in normal esophageal epithelium tissue was 12.3% and in esophageal carcinomas tissues was 56.5%, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). The expression of Rock2 protein was significantly related with the invasion of vascular and there was no significantly difference between the expression of Rock2 protein and ESCC patients' tumor location, differentiation, T stage, and lymph node metastases. The abnormal expression of Rock2 protein may promote tumor cell invasion.
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28
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Platt JL, Zhou X, Lefferts AR, Cascalho M. Cell Fusion in the War on Cancer: A Perspective on the Inception of Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1118. [PMID: 27420051 PMCID: PMC4964493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fusion occurs in development and in physiology and rarely in those settings is it associated with malignancy. However, deliberate fusion of cells and possibly untoward fusion of cells not suitably poised can eventuate in aneuploidy, DNA damage and malignant transformation. How often cell fusion may initiate malignancy is unknown. However, cell fusion could explain the high frequency of cancers in tissues with low underlying rates of cell proliferation and mutation. On the other hand, cell fusion might also engage innate and adaptive immune surveillance, thus helping to eliminate or retard malignancies. Here we consider whether and how cell fusion might weigh on the overall burden of cancer in modern societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Platt
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, A520B Medical Sciences Research Building I, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5656, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, A520B Medical Sciences Research Building I, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5656, USA.
| | - Adam R Lefferts
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, A520B Medical Sciences Research Building I, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5656, USA.
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, A520B Medical Sciences Research Building I, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5656, USA.
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Chen C, Zhao M, Tian A, Zhang X, Yao Z, Ma X. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling drives proliferation of bone sarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17570-83. [PMID: 25999350 PMCID: PMC4627329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas such as osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma are frequently refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy that exhibit poor prognosis. The Wnt signaling are evolutionarily conserved and implicated in cell proliferation and sarcomagenesis. However, the potential role of the Wnt signaling in bone sarcomas is still unclear. Here we demonstrate aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone sarcoma cells, involving an autocrine Wnt signaling loop with upregulation of specific Wnt ligands and receptors. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with Wnt3a or GSK-3β inhibitor drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, whereas downregulation of activated Wnt signaling with dnTCF4 or siLEF1 suppresses bone sarcoma proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our findings establish the evidence that aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involving an autocrine Wnt singaling drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, and identify the autocrine activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a potential novel therapeutic target for bone sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Aixian Tian
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Wei H, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang S, Pang X, Zhang S. Wnt-11 overexpression promoting the invasion of cervical cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11789-11798. [PMID: 27034261 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt-11 is a positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. However, Wnt-11 expression in cervical cancer has not been well investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Wnt-11 in cervical tumor proliferation and invasion. This study examined 24 normal cervical squamous epithelia, 29 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 78 cervical cancer samples. The expression of Wnt-11 was investigated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The expression of the high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) E6 oncoprotein was also investigated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of Wnt-11, HR-HPV E6, JNK-1, phosphorylated JNK-1(P-JNK1), and β-catenin was examined by western blot analysis following Wnt-11 knockdown or overexpression in HeLa or SiHa cells, respectively. The promotion of cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion was investigated using the cell counting kit-8 and Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Wnt-11 and HR-HPV E6 expression increased in a manner that corresponded with the progression of cervical cancer and was significantly correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cancer stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and HPV infection. Wnt-11 protein expression was positively associated with HR-HPV E6 protein expression in all 78 cervical cancer samples (P < 0.001). Furthermore, Wnt-11 was positively associated with P-JNK1 expression and promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion. These observations suggest that the increased Wnt-11 expression observed in cervical cancer cells may lead to the phosphorylation and activation of JNK-1 and significantly promote tumor cell proliferation and cell migration/invasion through activation of the Wnt/JNK pathway. Consequently, Wnt-11 may serve as a novel target for cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Shizhuo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Xiaoao Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
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Induction of WNT11 by hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21520. [PMID: 26861754 PMCID: PMC4748282 DOI: 10.1038/srep21520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cellular oxygen tension play important roles in physiological processes including development and pathological processes such as tumor promotion. The cellular adaptations to sustained hypoxia are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) to regulate downstream target gene expression. With hypoxia, the stabilized HIF-α and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT, also known as HIF-β) heterodimer bind to hypoxia response elements (HREs) and regulate expression of target genes. Here, we report that WNT11 is induced by hypoxia in many cell types, and that transcription of WNT11 is regulated primarily by HIF-1α. We observed induced WNT11 expression in the hypoxic area of allograft tumors. In addition, in mice bearing orthotopic malignant gliomas, inhibition with bevacizumab of vascular endothelial growth factor, which is an important stimulus for angiogenesis, increased nuclear HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and expression of WNT11. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches revealed that WNT11 stimulates proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer-derived cells, and increases activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and 9. Since tumor hypoxia has been proposed to increase tumor aggressiveness, these data suggest WNT11 as a possible target for cancer therapies, especially for tumors treated with antiangiogenic therapy.
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Liu D, Zhou K, Li Q, Deng F, Ma Y. Expression of Wnt11 and Rock2 protein with clinical characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Kazakh and Han patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:7122-7130. [PMID: 26261605 PMCID: PMC4525939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most malignancies with a very poor outcome in China. Wnt11 and Rock2, new identified proteins highly associated with metastasis of many cancers, which were never reported in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here we measured the expression levels of Wnt11 and Rock2 in tissues from 265 patients with ESCC. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect the correlation of Wnt11 and Rock2 expression with clinicopathological features. METHODS The expression of Wnt11 and Rock2 was detected by immunohistochemistry in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and normal esophageal tissues. A chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance of the correlations between Wnt11, Rock2 expression and different clinicopathological parameters, respectively. RESULTS The high-expression of Wnt11 and Rock2 was observed in ESCCs. Seventy-five cases of ESCC (51.7%) showed a positive expression of Wnt11, which indicated a significant association with the AJCC stage (P=0.007). Ninety-eight cases of ESCC (65.5%) showed a positive expression of Rock2, which indicated a significant association with ethnic background. There were no close correlations between Rock2 expression and gender, tumor location, AJCC stage, lymph node metastasis. Specifically, the expression of Rock2 was significantly different between Hans and Kazaks ethnicities (P=0.000). In Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, no significant correlation was observed between the expression of Wnt11, Rock-2 and the poor prognosis of ESCCs. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that the over-expression of Rock2 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression, and may become a new underlying molecular marker in the diagnosis and treatment in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, China
| | - Keming Zhou
- Hypertension Center of the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionUrumqi 830001, China
| | - Qiaoxin Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, China
| | - Feiyan Deng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, China
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Nishida M, Murata K, Oshima K, Itoh C, Kitaguchi K, Kanamaru Y, Yabe T. Pectin from Prunus domestica L. induces proliferation of IEC-6 cells through the alteration of cell-surface heparan sulfate on differentiated Caco-2 cells in co-culture. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:153-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tiwari A, Shivananda S, Gopinath KS, Kumar A. MicroRNA-125a reduces proliferation and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting estrogen-related receptor α: implications for cancer therapeutics. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32276-32290. [PMID: 25266720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.584136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA) functions as a transcription factor and regulates the expression of several genes, such as WNT11 and OPN. Up-regulation of ESRRA has been reported in several cancers. However, the mechanism underlying its up-regulation is unclear. Furthermore, the reports regarding the role and regulation of ESRRA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are completely lacking. Here, we show that tumor suppressor miR-125a directly binds to the 3'UTR of ESRRA and represses its expression. Overexpression of miR-125a in OSCC cells drastically reduced the level of ESRRA, decreased cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Conversely, the delivery of an miR-125a inhibitor to these cells drastically increased the level of ESRRA, increased cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. miR-125a-mediated down-regulation of ESRRA impaired anchorage-independent colony formation and invasion of OSCC cells. Reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis of OSCC cells were dependent on the presence of the 3'UTR in ESRRA. The delivery of an miR-125a mimic to OSCC cells resulted in marked regression of xenografts in nude mice, whereas the delivery of an miR-125a inhibitor to OSCC cells resulted in a significant increase of xenografts and abrogated the tumor suppressor function of miR-125a. We observed an inverse correlation between the expression levels of miR-125a and ESRRA in OSCC samples. In summary, up-regulation of ESRRA due to down-regulation of miR-125a is not only a novel mechanism for its up-regulation in OSCC, but decreasing the level of ESRRA by using a synthetic miR-125a mimic may have an important role in therapeutic intervention of OSCC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankana Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 and
| | - Swamy Shivananda
- Department of Surgery, Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560027, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 and.
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Clinical significance of Wnt-11 and squamous cell carcinoma antigen expression in cervical cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:933. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mi J, Chen D, Ren X, Jia H, Gao H, Wang W. Spatiotemporal expression of Wnt5a during the development of the striated muscle complex in rats with anorectal malformations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:1997-2005. [PMID: 24966909 PMCID: PMC4069947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fecal incontinence and constipation after procedures for anorectal malformations (ARMs) are closely related to the maldevelopment of the striated muscle complex (SMC). Previous studies have demonstrated that myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) play a significant role in muscle development. Wnt signal pathway is extremely important for MRFs regulation. This study was designed to investigate the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Wnt5a in SMC in ARMs rat embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anorectal malformation embryos were induced by ethylene thiourea on embryonic day 10 (E10). Expression levels of protein and mRNA of Wnt5a were confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) between normal rat embryos and embryos with ARMs. RESULTS Immunostaining revealed that, on embryonic day 17 (E17), the Wnt5a protein was initially expressed in the SMC in normal embryos. With the growth of pregnancy, the positive staining cells gradually increased. The same time-dependent changes of Wnt5a protein were detected in ARMs embryos. Besides, immunostaining showed that Wnt5a had a significant increase in normal embryos compared with ARMs embryos. Similarly, in Western blot and qRT-PCR, the higher expression of Wnt5a protein and mRNA were remarkable in normal embryos during the SMC development, relatively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the downregulation of Wnt5a at the time of SMC development might partly be related to the dysplasia of SMC in ARMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityLiaoning, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityLiaoning, China
| | - Xiantan Ren
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityLiaoning, China
| | - Huimin Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityLiaoning, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Congenital Malformations, Ministry of Public Health, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityLiaoning, China
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Jannesari-Ladani F, Hossein G, Izadi-Mood N. Differential Wnt11 Expression Related to Wnt5a in High- and Low-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Migration, Adhesion and Survival. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1489-95. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.3.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Watanabe S, Arimura Y, Nagaishi K, Isshiki H, Onodera K, Nasuno M, Yamashita K, Idogawa M, Naishiro Y, Murata M, Adachi Y, Fujimiya M, Imai K, Shinomura Y. Conditioned mesenchymal stem cells produce pleiotropic gut trophic factors. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:270-82. [PMID: 24217964 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mounting evidence implicates mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in intestinal tissue repair, controversy remains regarding the engraftment, proliferation, and differentiation for repopulating MSCs in recipient tissues. Therefore, we investigated the paracrine and/or endocrine role of MSCs in experimental colitis. METHODS We analyzed the therapeutic effects of MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. We investigated the effects of MSC-CM on the epithelial cell viability, mobility, cell cycle, and cytokine production in ex vivo lamina propria/mesenteric lymphocytes, a macrophage cell line, and the mixed lymphocyte reaction. An optimal regimen against colitis was explored. The contents of MSC-CM were analyzed using a WNT signaling pathway polymerase chain reaction array, an inflammatory cytokines antibody array, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Independent of the systemic administration route, MSC-CM concentrates were effective for the inductive phase of TNBS-induced colitis and for the recovery phase of DSS-induced colitis. Hypoxia appeared to be one of the optimal preconditioning factors assessed by cell motility and viability through activating the PI3K-Akt pathway in rat small intestine epithelial cells, IEC-6. Thus, Hypoxia had profound effects on the contents of MSC-CM, which comprised pleiotropic gut trophic factors involved in each wound healing process, including the anti-inflammatory, proliferative, and tissue remodeling phases. CONCLUSIONS Identification and optimization of potential gut trophic factors in MSC-CM is urgently needed to form the basis for new drug discovery and for optimizing cell-based therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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Gut commensal bacteria and regional Wnt gene expression in the proximal versus distal colon. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:592-9. [PMID: 24418259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regional expression of Wingless/Int (Wnt) genes plays a central role in regulating intestinal development and homeostasis. However, our knowledge of such regional Wnt proteins in the colon remains limited. To understand further the effect of Wnt signaling components in controlling intestinal epithelial homeostasis, we investigated whether the physiological heterogeneity of the proximal and distal colon can be explained by differential Wnt signaling. With the use of a Wnt signaling-specific PCR array, expression of 84 Wnt-mediated signal transduction genes was analyzed, and a differential signature of Wnt-related genes in the proximal versus distal murine colon was identified. Several Wnt agonists (Wnt5a, Wnt8b, and Wnt11), the Wnt receptor frizzled family receptor 3, and the Wnt inhibitory factor 1 were differentially expressed along the colon length. These Wnt signatures were associated with differential epithelial cell proliferation and migration in the proximal versus distal colon. Furthermore, reduced Wnt/β-catenin activity and decreased Wnt5a and Wnt11 expression were observed in mice lacking commensal bacteria, an effect that was reversed by conventionalization of germ-free mice. Interestingly, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 knockout mice showed decreased Wnt5a levels, indicating a role for Toll-like receptor signaling in regulating Wnt5a expression. Our results suggest that the morphological and physiological heterogeneity within the colon is in part facilitated by the differential expression of Wnt signaling components and influenced by colonization with bacteria.
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Van Camp JK, Beckers S, Zegers D, Van Hul W. Wnt Signaling and the Control of Human Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 10:207-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Thrasivoulou C, Millar M, Ahmed A. Activation of intracellular calcium by multiple Wnt ligands and translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus: a convergent model of Wnt/Ca2+ and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35651-9. [PMID: 24158438 PMCID: PMC3861617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.437913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ and β-catenin, a 92-kDa negatively charged transcription factor, transduce Wnt signaling via the non-canonical, Wnt/Ca2+ and canonical, Wnt/β-catenin pathways independently. The nuclear envelope is a barrier to large protein entry, and this process is regulated by intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and trans-nuclear potential. How β-catenin traverses the nuclear envelope is not well known. We hypothesized that Wnt/Ca2+ and Wnt/β-catenin pathways act in a coordinated manner and that [Ca2+]i release facilitates β-catenin entry into the nucleus in mammalian cells. In a live assay using calcium dyes in PC3 prostate cancer cells, six Wnt peptides (3A, 4, 5A, 7A, 9B, and 10B) mobilized [Ca2+]i but Wnt11 did not. Based upon dwell time (range = 15–30 s) of the calcium waveform, these Wnts could be classified into three classes: short, 3A and 5A; long, 7A and 10B; and very long, 4 and 9B. Wnt-activated [Ca2+]i release was followed by an increase in intranuclear calcium and the depolarization of both the cell and nuclear membranes, determined by using FM4-64. In cells treated with Wnts 5A, 9B, and 10B, paradigm substrates for each Wnt class, increased [Ca2+]i was followed by β-catenin translocation into the nucleus in PC3, MCF7, and 253J, prostate, breast, and bladder cancer cell lines; both the increase in Wnt 5A, 9B, and 10B induced [Ca2+]i release and β-catenin translocation are suppressed by thapsigargin in PC3 cell line. We propose a convergent model of Wnt signaling network where Ca2+ and β-catenin pathways may act in a coordinated, interdependent, rather than independent, manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Thrasivoulou
- From the Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, Rockefeller Building, University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
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Niederreiter L, Fritz TMJ, Adolph TE, Krismer AM, Offner FA, Tschurtschenthaler M, Flak MB, Hosomi S, Tomczak MF, Kaneider NC, Sarcevic E, Kempster SL, Raine T, Esser D, Rosenstiel P, Kohno K, Iwawaki T, Tilg H, Blumberg RS, Kaser A. ER stress transcription factor Xbp1 suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis and directs intestinal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2041-56. [PMID: 24043762 PMCID: PMC3782039 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
X-box–binding protein 1 suppresses tumor formation in the gut by regulating Ire1α and Stat3-mediated regenerative responses in the epithelium as a consequence of ER stress. Unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the epithelium can provoke intestinal inflammation. Hypomorphic variants of ER stress response mediators, such as X-box–binding protein 1 (XBP1), confer genetic risk for inflammatory bowel disease. We report here that hypomorphic Xbp1 function instructs a multilayered regenerative response in the intestinal epithelium. This is characterized by intestinal stem cell (ISC) expansion as shown by an inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (Ire1α)–mediated increase in Lgr5+ and Olfm4+ ISCs and a Stat3-dependent increase in the proliferative output of transit-amplifying cells. These consequences of hypomorphic Xbp1 function are associated with an increased propensity to develop colitis-associated and spontaneous adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)–related tumors of the intestinal epithelium, which in the latter case is shown to be dependent on Ire1α. This study reveals an unexpected role for Xbp1 in suppressing tumor formation through restraint of a pathway that involves an Ire1α- and Stat3-mediated regenerative response of the epithelium as a consequence of ER stress. As such, Xbp1 in the intestinal epithelium not only regulates local inflammation but at the same time also determines the propensity of the epithelium to develop tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Niederreiter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK
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Inhibition of fibroblast growth by Notch1 signaling is mediated by induction of Wnt11-dependent WISP-1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38811. [PMID: 22715413 PMCID: PMC3371022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are an integral component of stroma and important source of growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM). They play a prominent role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and in wound healing and tumor growth. Notch signaling regulates biological function in a variety of cells. To elucidate the physiological function of Notch signaling in fibroblasts, we ablated Notch1 in mouse (Notch1Flox/Flox) embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Notch1-deficient (Notch1−/−) MEFs displayed faster growth and motility rate compared to Notch1Flox/Flox MEFs. Such phenotypic changes, however, were reversible by reconstitution of Notch1 activation via overexpression of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (NICD1) in Notch1-deficient MEFs. In contrast, constitutive activation of Notch1 signaling by introducing NICD1 into primary human dermal fibroblasts (FF2441), which caused pan-Notch activation, inhibited cell growth and motility, whereas cellular inhibition was relievable when the Notch activation was countered with dominant-negative mutant of Master-mind like 1 (DN-MAML-1). Functionally, “Notch-activated” stromal fibroblasts could inhibit tumor cell growth/invasion. Moreover, Notch activation induced expression of Wnt-induced secreted proteins-1 (WISP-1/CCN4) in FF2441 cells while deletion of Notch1 in MEFs resulted in an opposite effect. Notably, WISP-1 suppressed fibroblast proliferation, and was responsible for mediating Notch1's inhibitory effect since siRNA-mediated blockade of WISP-1 expression could relieve cell growth inhibition. Notch1-induced WISP-1 expression appeared to be Wnt11-dependent, but Wnt1-independent. Blockade of Wnt11 expression resulted in decreased WISP-1 expression and liberated Notch-induced cell growth inhibition. These findings indicated that inhibition of fibroblast proliferation by Notch pathway activation is mediated, at least in part, through regulating Wnt1-independent, but Wnt11-dependent WISP-1 expression.
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Zhang P, Cai Y, Soofi A, Dressler GR. Activation of Wnt11 by transforming growth factor-β drives mesenchymal gene expression through non-canonical Wnt protein signaling in renal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21290-302. [PMID: 22556418 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.357202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β) promotes renal interstitial fibrosis in vivo and the expression of mesenchymal genes in vitro; however, most of its direct targets in epithelial cells are still elusive. In a screen for genes directly activated by TGF-β, we found that components of the Wnt signaling pathway, especially Wnt11, were targets of activation by TGF-β and Smad3 in primary renal epithelial cells. In gain and loss of function experiments, Wnt11 mediated the actions of TGF-β through enhanced activation of mesenchymal marker genes, such as Zeb1, Snail1, Pai1, and αSMA, without affecting Smad3 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Wnt11 by receptor knockdown or treatment with Wnt inhibitors limited the effects of TGF-β on gene expression. We found no evidence that Wnt11 activated the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in renal epithelial cells; rather, the function of Wnt11 was mediated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Consistent with the in vitro results, all the TGF-β, Wnt11, and JNK targets were activated in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of renal fibrosis in vivo. Our findings demonstrated cooperativity among the TGF-β, Wnt11, and JNK signaling pathways and suggest new targets for anti-fibrotic therapy in renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Liu X, Lu R, Wu S, Zhang YG, Xia Y, Sartor RB, Sun J. Wnt2 inhibits enteric bacterial-induced inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:418-29. [PMID: 21674728 PMCID: PMC3294455 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt signaling plays an essential role in gastrointestinal epithelial proliferation. Most investigations have focused on developmental and immune responses. Bacterial infection can be chronic and increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer. However, we lack studies on how bacteria regulate Wnt proteins and how Wnts modulate the host responses to enteric bacteria. This study investigated the effects of Salmonella and Escherichia coli on Wnt2, one of the Wnt family members, in intestinal epithelia cells. METHODS Using cultured epithelial cells, a Salmonella-colitis mouse model, and a gnotobiotic mouse model, we found that Wnt2 mRNA and protein expression levels were elevated after bacterial infection. Enteric bacteria regulate Wnt2 location in the intestine. Furthermore, we found that elevation of Wnt2 was a strategy for host defense by inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses to infection. RESULTS Using Wnt2 siRNA analysis, we show enhanced inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in epithelial cells. Cells overexpressed Wnt2 had less bacterial-induced IL-8 secretion. AvrA is a bacterial protein that inhibits inflammation by stabilizing β-catenin, the downstream target of Wnt. We found that the stabilization of Wnt2 was regulated through ubiquitination. Moreover, the bacterial protein AvrA from Salmonella and E. coli stabilized Wnt2 protein expression in vivo. In an ex-germ-free system, E. coli F18 expressing AvrA increased Wnt2 expression and changed Wnt2 distribution in intestine. CONCLUSIONS Wnt2 contributes to host protection in response to enteric bacteria. Our findings thus reveal a previously undefined role of Wnt for host-pathogen interaction and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyin Liu
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester. 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester. 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester. 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yong-guo Zhang
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester. 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester. 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester. 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester. 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester. 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Abstract
Genetic studies of Wnt11 have revealed many insights into the roles and regulation of Wnt11, particularly during development. New tools to study Wnt11 have recently become available, making it timely to review the literature regarding this unique Wnt family member. In this study, we focus on mammalian Wnt11, describing its main sites of expression during development, and how the Wnt11 gene is regulated. We highlight an emerging theme in which canonical Wnt signals regulate Wnt11 expression through transcription factors in addition to, or other than, Tcf/LEF family members. We also discuss the frizzled family and other receptors that bind to Wnt11, the intracellular kinases and small GTPases that act downstream of Wnt11, and the effects of Wnt11 on Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Finally, we elaborate on the relevance of Wnt11 to human cancer, where it appears to be important both for proliferation and/or survival during normal differentiation and for migration/invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uysal-Onganer
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
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47
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Nishioka M, Ueno K, Hazama S, Okada T, Sakai K, Suehiro Y, Okayama N, Hirata H, Oka M, Imai K, Dahiya R, Hinoda Y. Possible involvement of Wnt11 in colorectal cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2011; 52:207-17. [PMID: 22161723 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous report revealed that the expression of Frizzled-7 (FZD7) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its possible role in CRC progression. In this study we measured the expression levels of candidate FZD7 ligands, Wnt3 and Wnt11 in colon cancer cell lines (n = 7) and primary CRC tissues (n = 133) by quantitative RT-PCR. We also examined the functional effects of Wnt11 with the use of Wnt11 transfectants of colon cancer HCT-116 cells. Wnt11 transfectants showed the increased proliferation and migration/invasion activities compared to mock cells. Western blot analysis of transfectants revealed that phosphorylation of JNK and c-jun was increased after Wnt11 transfection. Wnt11 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the stage I, II, III, or IV tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues (overall P < 0.003), while there was no significant difference in Wnt3 mRNA expression between tumor and non-tumor tissues. In addition, Wnt11 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with recurrence or death after surgery than in those with no recurrence (disease free) after surgery (P = 0.018). We also compared the expression levels of Wnt11 mRNA with those of FZD7 mRNA in the same CRC samples. Wnt11 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with higher FZD7 mRNA levels than in those with lower FZD7 mRNA levels (P = 0.0005). The expression levels of Wnt11 mRNA were correlated with those of FZD7 mRNA (P < 0.0001). These data suggest that Wnt11 may play an important role in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Nishioka
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Liu X, Wu S, Xia Y, Li XE, Xia Y, Zhou ZD, Sun J. Wingless homolog Wnt11 suppresses bacterial invasion and inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G992-G1003. [PMID: 21903761 PMCID: PMC3233790 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Wnt11 plays an essential role in gastrointestinal epithelial proliferation, and previous investigations have focused on development and immune responses. However, the roles of how enteric bacteria regulate Wnt11 and how Wnt11 modulates the host response to pathogenic bacteria remain unexplored. This study investigated the effects of Salmonella infection on Wnt activation in intestinal epithelial cells. We found that Wnt11 mRNA and protein expression were elevated after Salmonella colonization. Wnt11 protein secretion in epithelial cells was also elevated after bacterial infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pathogenic Salmonella regulated Wnt11 expression and localization in vivo. We found a decrease in Salmonella invasion in cells with Wnt11 overexpression compared with cells with normal Wnt11 level. IL-8 mRNA in Wnt11-transfected cells was low; however, it was enhanced in cells with a low level of Wnt11 expression. Functionally, Wnt11 overexpression inhibited Salmonella-induced apoptosis. AvrA is a known bacterial effector protein that stabilizes β-catenin, the downstream regulator of Wnt signaling, and inhibits bacterially induced intestinal inflammation. We observed that Wnt11 expression, secretion, and transcriptional activity were regulated by Salmonella AvrA. Overall, Wnt11 is involved in the protection of the host intestinal cells by blocking the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, suppressing inflammation, and inhibiting apoptosis. Wnt11 is a novel and important contributor to intestinal homeostasis and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyin Liu
- 1Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine,
| | - Shaoping Wu
- 1Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine,
| | - Yinglin Xia
- 4Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, and
| | - Xi Emma Li
- 1Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine,
| | - Yuxuan Xia
- 5Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; and ,6Brighton High School, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Jun Sun
- 1Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, ,2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ,3Wilmot Cancer Center,
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Liu L, Rao JN, Zou T, Xiao L, Smith A, Zhuang R, Turner DJ, Wang JY. Activation of Wnt3a signaling stimulates intestinal epithelial repair by promoting c-Myc-regulated gene expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C277-85. [PMID: 21975427 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00341.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to mucosal injury, epithelial cells modify the patterns of expressed genes to repair damaged tissue rapidly. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the transcription factor c-Myc is necessary for stimulation of epithelial cell renewal during mucosal healing, but the up-stream signaling initiating c-Myc gene expression after injury remains unknown. Wnts are cysteine-rich glycoproteins that act as short-range ligands to locally activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways and correlate with the increased expression of the c-Myc gene. The current study tested the hypothesis that Wnt3a signaling is implicated in intestinal epithelial repair after wounding by stimulating c-Myc expression. Elevated Wnt3a signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6 line) by coculturing with stable Wnt3a-transfected fibroblasts or ectopic overexpression of the Wnt3a gene enhanced intestinal epithelial repair after wounding. This stimulatory effect on epithelial repair was prevented by silencing the Wnt coreceptor LRP6 or by c-Myc silencing. Activation of the Wnt3a signaling pathway increased β-catenin nuclear translocation by decreasing its phosphorylation and stimulated c-Myc expression during epithelial repair after wounding. In stable Wnt3a-transfected IEC-6 cells, increased levels of c-Myc were associated with an increase in expression of c-Myc-regulated genes cyclcin D1 and cyclin E, whereas c-Myc silencing inhibited expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and delayed epithelial repair. These results indicate that elevated Wnt3a signaling in intestinal epithelial cells after wounding stimulates epithelial repair by promoting c-Myc-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Expression profile of frizzled receptors in human medulloblastomas. J Neurooncol 2011; 106:271-80. [PMID: 21850537 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Secreted WNT proteins signal through ten receptors of the frizzled (FZD) family. Because of the relevance of the WNT/β-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling pathway in medulloblastomas (MBs), we investigated the expression of all ten members of the FZD gene family (FZD1-10) in 17 human MBs, four MB cell lines and in normal human cerebellum, using real-time PCR. We found that FZD2 transcript was over-expressed in all MBs and MB cell lines. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of FZD2 at the protein level. Moreover, the levels of FZD2 transcript were found to correlate with those of ASPM transcript, a marker of mitosis essential for mitotic spindle function. Accordingly, ASPM mRNA was expressed at a very low level in the adult, post-mitotic, human cerebellum, at higher levels in fetal cerebellum and at highest levels in MB tissues and cell lines. Unlike FZD2, the other FZDs were overexpressed (e.g., FZD1, FZD3 and FZD8) or underexpressed (e.g., FZD7, FZD9 and FZD10) in a case-restricted manner. Interestingly, we did not find any nuclear immuno-reactivity to CTNNB1 in four MBs over-expressing both FZD2 and other FZD receptors, confirming the lack of nuclear CTNNB1 staining in the presence of increased FZD expression, as in other tumor types. Overall, our results indicate that altered expression of FZD2 might be associated with a proliferative status, thus playing a role in the biology of human MBs, and possibly of cerebellar progenitors from which these malignancies arise.
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