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Uptegrove A, Chen C, Sahagun-Bisson M, Kulkarni AK, Louie KW, Ueharu H, Mishina Y, Omi-Sugihara M. Influence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and masticatory load on morphological alterations of the mouse mandible during postnatal development. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 169:106096. [PMID: 39341045 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone homeostasis relies on several contributing factors, encompassing growth factors and mechanical stimuli. While bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is acknowledged for its essential role in skeletal development, its specific impact on mandibular morphogenesis remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the involvement of BMP signaling and mechanical loading through mastication in postnatal mandibular morphogenesis. DESIGN We employed conditional deletion of Bmpr1a in osteoblasts and chondrocytes via Osterix-Cre. Cre activity was induced at birth for the 3-week group and at three weeks for the 9-week and 12-week groups, respectively. The conditional knockout (cKO) and control mice were given either a regular diet (hard diet, HD) or a powdered diet (soft diet, SD) from 3 weeks until sample collection, followed by micro-CT and histological analysis. RESULTS The cKO mice exhibited shorter anterior lengths and a posteriorly inclined ramus across all age groups compared to the control mice. The cKO mice displayed an enlarged hypertrophic cartilage area along with fewer osteoclast numbers in the subchondral bone of the condyle compared to the control group at three weeks, followed by a reduction in the cartilage area in the posterior region at twelve weeks. Superimposed imaging and histomorphometrical analysis of the condyle revealed that BMP signaling primarily affects the posterior part of the condyle, while mastication affects the anterior part. CONCLUSIONS Using 3D landmark-based geometric morphometrics and histological assessments of the mandible, we demonstrated that BMP signaling and mechanical loading reciprocally contribute to the morphological alterations of the mandible and condyle during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Uptegrove
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Coral Chen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Madison Sahagun-Bisson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Anshul K Kulkarni
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ke'ale W Louie
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Hiroki Ueharu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Maiko Omi-Sugihara
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Vuong TA, Zhang Y, Kim J, Leem YE, Kang JS. Prmt7 is required for the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via modulation of BMP signaling. BMB Rep 2024; 57:330-335. [PMID: 38627951 PMCID: PMC11289507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation, which is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (Prmts), is known to play a key role in various biological processes. However, the function of Prmts in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has not been clearly understood. In the current study, we attempted to elucidate a positive role of Prmt7 in osteogenic differentiation. Prmt7-depleted C3H/10T1/2 cells or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed the attenuated expression of osteogenic specific genes and Alizarin red staining compared to the wild-type cells. Furthermore, we found that Prmt7 deficiency reduced the activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling cascade, which is essential for the regulation of cell fate commitment and osteogenesis. Taken together, our data indicate that Prmt7 plays important regulatory roles in osteogenic differentiation. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(7): 330-335].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Vuong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - June Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Leem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Lademann F, Rijntjes E, Köhrle J, Tsourdi E, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Hyperthyroidism-driven bone loss depends on BMP receptor Bmpr1a expression in osteoblasts. Commun Biol 2024; 7:548. [PMID: 38719881 PMCID: PMC11078941 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is a well-known trigger of high bone turnover that can lead to the development of secondary osteoporosis. Previously, we have shown that blocking bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling systemically with BMPR1A-Fc can prevent bone loss in hyperthyroid mice. To distinguish between bone cell type-specific effects, conditional knockout mice lacking Bmpr1a in either osteoclast precursors (LysM-Cre) or osteoprogenitors (Osx-Cre) were rendered hyperthyroid and their bone microarchitecture, strength and turnover were analyzed. While hyperthyroidism in osteoclast precursor-specific Bmpr1a knockout mice accelerated bone resorption leading to bone loss just as in wildtype mice, osteoprogenitor-specific Bmpr1a deletion prevented an increase of bone resorption and thus osteoporosis with hyperthyroidism. In vitro, wildtype but not Bmpr1a-deficient osteoblasts responded to thyroid hormone (TH) treatment with increased differentiation and activity. Furthermore, we found an elevated Rankl/Opg ratio with TH excess in osteoblasts and bone tissue from wildtype mice, but not in Bmpr1a knockouts. In line, expression of osteoclast marker genes increased when osteoclasts were treated with supernatants from TH-stimulated wildtype osteoblasts, in contrast to Bmpr1a-deficient cells. In conclusion, we identified the osteoblastic BMP receptor BMPR1A as a main driver of osteoporosis in hyperthyroid mice promoting TH-induced osteoblast activity and potentially its coupling to high osteoclastic resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lademann
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
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4
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Zhang G, Chu M, Yang H, Li H, Shi J, Feng P, Wang S, Pan Z. Expression, Polymorphism, and Potential Functional Sites of the BMPR1A Gene in the Sheep Horn. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:376. [PMID: 38540434 PMCID: PMC10970624 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sheep horns are composed of bone and sheaths, and the BMPR1A gene is required for cartilage and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the BMPR1A gene may have a function related to the sheep horn, but its relationship with the sheep horn remains unclear. In this study, we first utilized RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data to investigate the expression of the BMPR1A gene in different tissues and breeds of sheep. Second, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data were used to explore the functional sites of the BMPR1A gene. Lastly, the allele-specific expression of the BMPR1A gene was explored. Our results indicate that BMPR1A gene expression is significantly higher in the normal horn groups than in the scurred groups. Importantly, this trend is consistent across several sheep breeds. Therefore, this finding suggests that the BMPR1A gene may be related to horn type. A total of 43 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) (F-statistics > 0.15) and 10 allele-specific expressions (ASEs) exhibited difference between the large and small horn populations. It is probable that these sites significantly impact the size of sheep horns. Compared to other polled species, we discovered ten amino acid sites that could influence horn presence. By combining RNA-seq and WGS functional loci results, we identified a functional site at position 40574836 on chromosome 25 that is both an SNP and exhibits allele-specific expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the BMPR1A gene is associated with horn type and identified some important functional sites which can be used as molecular markers in the breeding of sheep horns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (M.C.); (H.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Mingxing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (M.C.); (H.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (M.C.); (H.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (M.C.); (H.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Jianxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (M.C.); (H.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Pingjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (M.C.); (H.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Zhangyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (M.C.); (H.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.); (P.F.)
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Ruan X, Zhang Z, Aili M, Luo X, Wei Q, Zhang D, Bai M. Activin receptor-like kinase 3: a critical modulator of development and function of mineralized tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1209817. [PMID: 37457289 PMCID: PMC10347416 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1209817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized tissues, such as teeth and bones, pose significant challenges for repair due to their hardness, low permeability, and limited blood flow compared to soft tissues. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been identified as playing a crucial role in mineralized tissue formation and repair. However, the application of large amounts of exogenous BMPs may cause side effects such as inflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a more precise molecular target downstream of the ligands. Activin receptor-like kinase 3 (ALK3), a key transmembrane receptor, serves as a vital gateway for the transmission of BMP signals, triggering cellular responses. Recent research has yielded new insights into the regulatory roles of ALK3 in mineralized tissues. Experimental knockout or mutation of ALK3 has been shown to result in skeletal dysmorphisms and failure of tooth formation, eruption, and orthodontic tooth movement. This review summarizes the roles of ALK3 in mineralized tissue regulation and elucidates how ALK3-mediated signaling influences the physiology and pathology of teeth and bones. Additionally, this review provides a reference for recommended basic research and potential future treatment strategies for the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Munire Aili
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Omi M, Koneru T, Lyu Y, Haraguchi A, Kamiya N, Mishina Y. Increased BMP-Smad signaling does not affect net bone mass in long bones. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1145763. [PMID: 37064883 PMCID: PMC10101206 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1145763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been used for orthopedic and dental application due to their osteoinductive properties; however, substantial numbers of adverse reactions such as heterotopic bone formation, increased bone resorption and greater cancer risk have been reported. Since bone morphogenetic proteins signaling exerts pleiotropic effects on various tissues, it is crucial to understand tissue-specific and context-dependent functions of bone morphogenetic proteins. We previously reported that loss-of-function of bone morphogenetic proteins receptor type IA (BMPR1A) in osteoblasts leads to more bone mass in mice partly due to inhibition of bone resorption, indicating that bone morphogenetic protein signaling in osteoblasts promotes osteoclast function. On the other hand, hemizygous constitutively active (ca) mutations for BMPR1A (caBmpr1awt/+) in osteoblasts result in higher bone morphogenetic protein signaling activity and no overt skeletal changes in adult mice. Here, we further bred mice for heterozygous null for Bmpr1a (Bmpr1a+/−) and homozygous mutations of caBmpr1a (caBmpr1a+/+) crossed with Osterix-Cre transgenic mice to understand how differences in the levels of bone morphogenetic protein signaling activity specifically in osteoblasts contribute to bone phenotype. We found that Bmpr1a+/−, caBmpr1awt/+ and caBmpr1a+/+ mice at 3 months of age showed no overt bone phenotypes in tibiae compared to controls by micro-CT and histological analysis although BMP-Smad signaling is increased in both caBmpr1awt/+ and caBmpr1a+/+ tibiae and decreased in the Bmpr1a+/− mice compared to controls. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that slightly higher levels of bone formation markers and resorption markers along with levels of bone morphogenetic protein-Smad signaling, however, there was no significant changes in TRAP positive cells in tibiae. These findings suggest that changes in bone morphogenetic protein signaling activity within differentiating osteoblasts does not affect net bone mass in the adult stage, providing insights into the concerns in the clinical setting such as high-dose and unexpected side effects of bone morphogenetic protein application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tejaswi Koneru
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yishan Lyu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ai Haraguchi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Department of Budo and Sport Studies, Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuji Mishina,
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Loh HY, Norman BP, Lai KS, Cheng WH, Nik Abd Rahman NMA, Mohamed Alitheen NB, Osman MA. Post-Transcriptional Regulatory Crosstalk between MicroRNAs and Canonical TGF-β/BMP Signalling Cascades on Osteoblast Lineage: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076423. [PMID: 37047394 PMCID: PMC10094338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, single-stranded, and non-protein coding RNAs about 19 to 22 nucleotides in length, that have been reported to have important roles in the control of bone development. MiRNAs have a strong influence on osteoblast differentiation through stages of lineage commitment and maturation, as well as via controlling the activities of osteogenic signal transduction pathways. Generally, miRNAs may modulate cell stemness, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by binding the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of the target genes, which then can subsequently undergo messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or protein translational repression. MiRNAs manage the gene expression in osteogenic differentiation by regulating multiple signalling cascades and essential transcription factors, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP), Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signalling pathways; the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2); and osterix (Osx). This shows that miRNAs are essential in regulating diverse osteoblast cell functions. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals and exert diverse functions in osteoblastogenesis, skeletal development and bone formation, bone homeostasis, and diseases. Herein, we highlighted the current state of in vitro and in vivo research describing miRNA regulation on the canonical TGF-β/BMP signalling, their effects on osteoblast linage, and understand their mechanism of action for the development of possible therapeutics. In this review, particular attention and comprehensive database searches are focused on related works published between the years 2000 to 2022, using the resources from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Loh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Brendan P Norman
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azuraidi Osman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Genetic Predisposition to Colorectal Cancer: How Many and Which Genes to Test? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032137. [PMID: 36768460 PMCID: PMC9916931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common tumors, and genetic predisposition is one of the key risk factors in the development of this malignancy. Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis are the best-known genetic diseases associated with hereditary colorectal cancer. However, some other genetic disorders confer an increased risk of colorectal cancer, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 gene), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MUTYH gene), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (STK11 gene), Cowden syndrome (PTEN gene), and juvenile polyposis syndrome (BMPR1A and SMAD4 genes). Moreover, the recent advances in molecular techniques, in particular Next-Generation Sequencing, have led to the identification of many new genes involved in the predisposition to colorectal cancers, such as RPS20, POLE, POLD1, AXIN2, NTHL1, MSH3, RNF43 and GREM1. In this review, we summarized the past and more recent findings in the field of cancer predisposition genes, with insights into the role of the encoded proteins and into the associated genetic disorders. Furthermore, we discussed the possible clinical utility of genetic testing in terms of prevention protocols and therapeutic approaches.
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Long-Term Changes in Adipose Tissue in the Newly Formed Bone Induced by Recombinant Human BMP-2 In Vivo. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010033. [PMID: 36648819 PMCID: PMC9844441 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) induces osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone scaffolds. We evaluated rhBMP-2-induced long-term changes in adipose tissue in the newly formed bone in different scaffolds forms. Bovine bone particles and blocks were grafted along with rhBMP-2 in the subperiosteal space of a rat calvarial bone, and the formation of new bone and adipose tissue were evaluated at 6 and 16 weeks after the surgery. The bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular thickness (TbTh) of the 16w particle group were significantly higher than those of the 6w particle group (p = 0.018 and 0.012, respectively). The BMD and TbTh gradually increased in the particle group from weeks 6 to 16. The average adipose tissue volume (ATV) of the 6w particle group was higher than that of the 16w particle group, although the difference was not significant (p > 0.05), and it decreased gradually. There were no significant changes in the bone volume (BV) and BMD between the 6w and 16w block groups. Histological analysis revealed favorable new bone regeneration in all groups. Adipose tissue was formed between the bone particles and at the center in the particle and block groups, respectively. The adipose tissue space decreased, and the proportion of new bone increased in the 16w particle group compared to that in the 6w group. To summarize, in the particle group, the adipose tissue decreased in a time-dependent manner, BMD and TbTh increased, and new bone formation increased from 6 to 16 weeks. These results suggest that rhBMP-2 effectively induces new bone formation in the long term in particle bone scaffolds.
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Park KR, Park JI, Lee S, Yoo K, Kweon GR, Kwon IK, Yun HM, Hong JT. Chi3L1 is a therapeutic target in bone metabolism and a potential clinical marker in patients with osteoporosis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106423. [PMID: 36064078 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BMP2 is clinically used as an ectopic bone inducer and plays a significant role in bone development, formation, and diseases. Chitinase 3-like 1 protein (Chi3L1) is found in the skeletal system. However, Chi3L1-mediated bone metabolism and aging-related bone erosion via BMP2 signaling have not yet been demonstrated. Herein, Chi3L1 increased BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal precursor cells and human primary osteoblasts. Chi3L1KO(-/-) showed abnormal bone development, and primary osteoblasts isolated from Chi3L1KO(-/-) exhibited impaired osteoblast differentiation and maturation. Chi3L1 also potentiated BMP2 signaling and RUNX2 expression in primary osteoblasts. Chi3L1 interacted with BMPRIa, which increased the surface expression of BMPRIa and promoted BMP2 signaling to induce osteoblast differentiation. Chi3L1KO(-/-) mice showed bone formation reduced with a decrease in RUNX2 expression in calvarial defects. Chi3L1KO(-/-) mice exhibited aging-related osteoporotic bone loss with decreases in the levels of RUNX2 and OPG, while serum PYD level and osteoclast number increased. Chi3L1 increased OPG via non-canonical BMP2 signaling in osteoblasts, which suppressed osteoclastogenesis in BMMs. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed that serum Chi3L1 level clinically decreased in osteoporosis patients. Our findings demonstrate that Chi3L1 promotes bone formation, suppresses osteoclastogenesis, and prevents aging-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeongwon Yoo
- KRIBB/Bio-venture Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi-Ryang Kweon
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Chungnam 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Bordukalo-Nikšić T, Kufner V, Vukičević S. The Role Of BMPs in the Regulation of Osteoclasts Resorption and Bone Remodeling: From Experimental Models to Clinical Applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869422. [PMID: 35558080 PMCID: PMC9086899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to mechanical forces and the aging process, bone in the adult skeleton is continuously remodeled by a process in which old and damaged bone is removed by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and subsequently is replaced by new bone by bone-forming cells, osteoblasts. During this essential process of bone remodeling, osteoclastic resorption is tightly coupled to osteoblastic bone formation. Bone-resorbing cells, multinuclear giant osteoclasts, derive from the monocyte/macrophage hematopoietic lineage and their differentiation is driven by distinct signaling molecules and transcription factors. Critical factors for this process are Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) and Receptor Activator Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (RANKL). Besides their resorption activity, osteoclasts secrete coupling factors which promote recruitment of osteoblast precursors to the bone surface, regulating thus the whole process of bone remodeling. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a family of multi-functional growth factors involved in numerous molecular and signaling pathways, have significant role in osteoblast-osteoclast communication and significantly impact bone remodeling. It is well known that BMPs help to maintain healthy bone by stimulating osteoblast mineralization, differentiation and survival. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that BMPs not only help in the anabolic part of bone remodeling process but also significantly influence bone catabolism. The deletion of the BMP receptor type 1A (BMPRIA) in osteoclasts increased osteoblastic bone formation, suggesting that BMPR1A signaling in osteoclasts regulates coupling to osteoblasts by reducing bone-formation activity during bone remodeling. The dual effect of BMPs on bone mineralization and resorption highlights the essential role of BMP signaling in bone homeostasis and they also appear to be involved in pathological processes in inflammatory disorders affecting bones and joints. Certain BMPs (BMP2 and -7) were approved for clinical use; however, increased bone resorption rather than formation were observed in clinical applications, suggesting the role BMPs have in osteoclast activation and subsequent osteolysis. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of BMP signaling in osteoclasts, its role in osteoclast resorption, bone remodeling, and osteoblast–osteoclast coupling. Furthermore, discussion of clinical application of recombinant BMP therapy is based on recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Bordukalo-Nikšić
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Kufner
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slobodan Vukičević
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Erythroid overproduction of erythroferrone causes iron overload and developmental abnormalities in mice. Blood 2022; 139:439-451. [PMID: 34614145 PMCID: PMC8777203 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone erythroferrone (ERFE) is produced by erythroid cells in response to hemorrhage, hypoxia, or other erythropoietic stimuli, and it suppresses the hepatic production of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, thereby mobilizing iron for erythropoiesis. Suppression of hepcidin by ERFE is believed to be mediated by interference with paracrine bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling that regulates hepcidin transcription in hepatocytes. In anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis, ERFE is pathologically overproduced, but its contribution to the clinical manifestations of these anemias is not well understood. We generated 3 lines of transgenic mice with graded erythroid overexpression of ERFE and found that they developed dose-dependent iron overload, impaired hepatic BMP signaling, and relative hepcidin deficiency. These findings add to the evidence that ERFE is a mediator of iron overload in conditions in which ERFE is overproduced, including anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis. At the highest levels of ERFE overexpression, the mice manifested decreased perinatal survival, impaired growth, small hypofunctional kidneys, decreased gonadal fat depots, and neurobehavioral abnormalities, all consistent with impaired organ-specific BMP signaling during development. Neutralizing excessive ERFE in congenital anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis may not only prevent iron overload but may have additional benefits for growth and development.
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13
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Heubel B, Nohe A. The Role of BMP Signaling in Osteoclast Regulation. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:24. [PMID: 34203252 PMCID: PMC8293073 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic effects of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were delineated in 1965 when Urist et al. showed that BMPs could induce ectopic bone formation. In subsequent decades, the effects of BMPs on bone formation and maintenance were established. BMPs induce proliferation in osteoprogenitor cells and increase mineralization activity in osteoblasts. The role of BMPs in bone homeostasis and repair led to the approval of BMP2 by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) to increase the bone formation in the treated area. However, the use of BMP2 for treatment of degenerative bone diseases such as osteoporosis is still uncertain as patients treated with BMP2 results in the stimulation of not only osteoblast mineralization, but also osteoclast absorption, leading to early bone graft subsidence. The increase in absorption activity is the result of direct stimulation of osteoclasts by BMP2 working synergistically with the RANK signaling pathway. The dual effect of BMPs on bone resorption and mineralization highlights the essential role of BMP-signaling in bone homeostasis, making it a putative therapeutic target for diseases like osteoporosis. Before the BMP pathway can be utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis a better understanding of how BMP-signaling regulates osteoclasts must be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Heubel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Anja Nohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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14
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Zhang J, Wei K. Necrosulfonamide reverses pyroptosis-induced inhibition of proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112648. [PMID: 34119493 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The acute inflammatory stimulation occurring after a bone fracture regulates the repair and healing of local bone injury; however, under certain conditions, pyroptosis may occur in osteoblasts, which affects osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, thereby affecting the growth, development and morphological changes of bone tissue. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the pyroptosis inhibitor necrosulfonamide (NSA) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and elucidate the underlying mechanism. The results revealed that NSA reversed the effects of ATP/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cell viability and pyroptosis, and on the mRNA and protein expression of pyroptosis-related genes. It also suppressed the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β and reversed the effects of ATP/LPS on the activity of ALP and the mRNA expression of differentiation-related genes in osteoblasts. The fact that overexpression of caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD) and NLRP3 abolished the effects of NSA on the viability and pyroptosis of osteoblasts, as well as the mRNA expression of differentiation-related genes and the activity of ALP in osteoblasts, indicated that NSA promoted the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway. The present study provides proof supporting the potential application of NSA for improving the function of osteoblasts in fracture repair and indicates the value of the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway as a pharmaceutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliao Zhang
- Department of Foot and Ankle, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kuanhai Wei
- Devision of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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15
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Hu Y, Hao X, Liu C, Ren C, Wang S, Yan G, Meng Y, Mishina Y, Shi C, Sun H. Acvr1 deletion in osteoblasts impaired mandibular bone mass through compromised osteoblast differentiation and enhanced sRANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4580-4591. [PMID: 33251612 PMCID: PMC8048423 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is well known in bone homeostasis. However, the physiological effects of BMP signaling on mandibles are largely unknown, as the mandible has distinct functions and characteristics from other bones. In this study, we investigated the roles of BMP signaling in bone homeostasis of the mandibles by deleting BMP type I receptor Acvr1 in osteoblast lineage cells with Osterix-Cre. We found mandibular bone loss in conditional knockout mice at the ages of postnatal day 21 and 42 in an age-dependent manner. The decreased bone mass was related to compromised osteoblast differentiation together with enhanced osteoclastogenesis, which was secondary to the changes in osteoblasts in vivo. In vitro study revealed that deletion of Acvr1 in the mandibular bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) significantly compromised osteoblast differentiation. When wild type bone marrow macrophages were cocultured with BMSCs lacking Acvr1 both directly and indirectly, both proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts were induced as evidenced by an increase of multinucleated cells, compared with cocultured with control BMSCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the increased osteoclastogenesis in vitro was at least partially due to the secretion of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), which is probably the reason for the mandibular bone loss in vivo. Overall, our results proposed that ACVR1 played essential roles in maintaining mandibular bone homeostasis through osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast-osteoclast communication via sRANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of StomatologyJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
| | - Xinqing Hao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of StomatologyJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
| | - Cangwei Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chunxia Ren
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of StomatologyJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Guangxing Yan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of StomatologyJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of StomatologyJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of StomatologyJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
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16
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Song D, He G, Shi Y, Ni J, Long F. Functional interaction between Wnt and Bmp signaling in periosteal bone growth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10782. [PMID: 34031510 PMCID: PMC8144582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt and Bmp proteins are well known to regulate bone development and homeostasis. Although both signals are extensively studied, their potential interaction in vivo is less well understood. Previous studies have shown that deletion of Bmpr1a, a type I receptor for Bmp signaling, results in excessive trabecular bone formation while diminishing periosteal bone growth. Moreover, forced-expression of the Wnt antagonist Sost suppresses the overgrowth of trabecular bone caused by Bmpr1a deletion, thus implicating hyperactive Wnt signaling in the excessive trabecular bone formation. However, it remains uncertain whether Wnt and Bmp signaling interacts in regulating the periosteal bone growth. Here we show that multiple Wnt genes are markedly suppressed in the cortical bone without Bmpr1a. Importantly, overexpression of Wnt7b fully rescues periosteal bone growth in the Bmpr1a-deficient mice. Thus, pharmacological activation of Wnt signaling can restore normal bone size without intact Bmp signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deye Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guangxu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangdong Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Kornsuthisopon C, Manokawinchoke J, Sonpoung O, Osathanon T, Damrongsri D. Interleukin 15 participates in Jagged1-induced mineralization in human dental pulp cells. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 128:105163. [PMID: 34058721 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Crosstalk between Notch and other cell signaling molecules has been implicated to regulate the osteogenic differentiation. Understanding the interaction between Notch and IL15 is essential to reveal molecular mechanism. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether IL15 participates in the Notch signaling-induced mineral deposition in human dental pulp cells (hDPs). METHODS hDPs were explanted from dental pulp tissues. To activate Notch signaling, the cells were seeded on Jagged1-immobilized surfaces. The mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. hDPs were treated with 5-50 ng/mL IL15. Cell viability and proliferation were determined using an MTT assay. Mineral deposition was examined using alizarin red s and Von Kossa staining. In some experiments, the cells were pretreated with a JAK inhibitor prior to stimulation. RESULTS Jagged1 induced IL15 and IL15RA expression in hDPs. IL15 treatment significantly increased mineral deposition at 14 d and upregulated ALP, OCN, OSX, ANKH, and ENPP1 mRNA expression. IL15-induced mineralization was attenuated by JAK inhibitor pretreatment. Further, JAK inhibitor pretreatment inhibited the effect of Jagged1 on hDP mineral deposition. CONCLUSION IL15 promoted the osteogenic differentiation in hDPs. Moreover, IL15 participated in the Jagged1-induced mineralization in hDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Opor Sonpoung
- Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Damrong Damrongsri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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18
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Jiang Z, Chen JW, Haughan J, Stefanovski D, Soma LR, Robinson MA. Gene transcripts expressed in equine white blood cells are potential biomarkers of extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:973-982. [PMID: 34008346 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a treatment applied to musculoskeletal injuries in equine athletes to alleviate pain and accelerate healing. ESWT also causes acute tissue damage. Therefore, its ability to act as an analgesic and cause tissue damage potentially increases the risk of a catastrophic event if used shortly before a strenuous competition such as horseracing. While ESWT is prohibited by many racing jurisdictions within 10 days prior to competition, a test to detect whether a horse has received ESWT is needed. ESWT changes the protein levels of inflammatory mediators in blood, and white blood cells (WBC) typically produce these proteins. Changes in gene expression precede changes in protein production; thus, it was hypothesized that WBC gene transcripts might serve as biomarkers of ESWT. To test this hypothesis, six thoroughbred horses received a single administration of ESWT to the distal limb, and WBC RNA was extracted from blood samples collected before (0 h) and after ESWT (2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h). Targeted and untargeted analyses evaluated the transcriptome using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microarray. The expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-1Ra1, IL-1Ra2 and TGF-β1, and BMPR1A in circulating WBCs was significantly up-regulated, while IFN-γ, ZNF483, TMEM80, CAH6, ENPP, and S8723 were significantly down-regulated at various time points following ESWT. These data support the hypothesis that changes in WBC gene transcripts could serve as biomarkers for ESWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jin-Wen Chen
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanne Haughan
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence R Soma
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary A Robinson
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Effect of immunosuppressants on a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta type V harboring a heterozygous Ifitm5 c.-14C > T mutation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21197. [PMID: 33273604 PMCID: PMC7713238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by the c.-14C > T mutation in the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 gene (IFITM5), however, its onset mechanism remains unclear. In this study, heterozygous c.-14C > T mutant mice were developed to investigate the effect of immunosuppressants (FK506 and rapamycin) on OI type V. Among the mosaic mice generated by Crispr/Cas9-based technology, mice with less than 40% mosaic ratio of c.-14C > T mutation survived, whereas those with more than 48% mosaic ratio exhibited lethal skeletal abnormalities with one exception. All heterozygous mutants obtained by mating mosaic mice with wild-type mice exhibited a perinatal lethal phenotype due to severe skeletal abnormalities. Administration of FK506, a calcineurin inhibitor, in the heterozygous fetuses improved bone mineral content (BMC) of the neonates, although it did not save the neonates from the lethal effects of the mutation, whereas rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, reduced BMC, suggesting that mTOR signaling is involved in the bone mineralization of heterozygous mutants. These findings could clarify certain aspects of the onset mechanism of OI type V and enable development of therapeutics for this condition.
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20
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Fu X, Wang W, Li X, Gao Y, Li H, Shen Y. The local concentration of Ca 2+ correlates with BMP7 expression and osseointegration in patients with total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:566. [PMID: 33256843 PMCID: PMC7706042 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A successful osseointegration of total hip arthroplasty (THA) relies on the interplay of implant surface and bone marrow microenvironment. This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of perioperative biochemical molecules (Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, VD, PTH) on the bone marrow osteogenetic factors (BMP2, BMP7, Stro-1+ cells) in the metaphyseal region of the femoral head, and further on the bone mineral density (BMD) of Gruen R3. METHODS Bone marrow aspirates were obtained from the discarded metaphysis region of the femoral head in 51 patients with THA. Flow cytometry was used to measure the Stro-1+ expressing cells. ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of bone morphologic proteins (BMP2 and BMP7) and the content of TRACP5b in serum. TRAP staining was used to detect the osteoclast activity in the hip joint. The perioperative concentrations of the biochemical molecules above were measured by radioimmunoassay. The BMD of Gruen zone R3 was examined at 6 months after THA, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS Our data demonstrated that the concentration of Ca2+ was positively correlated with BMP7 expression, and with the postoperative BMD of Gruen zone R3. However, the concentration of Mg2+ had little impact on the R3 BMD, although it was negatively correlated with the expression of BMP7. Osteoclast activity in hip joint tissue of patients with femoral neck fractures was increased. Compared with the patients before THA, the levels of TRACP5b in serum of patients after THA were decreased. The data also suggested that the other biochemical molecules, such as Zn2+, VD, and PTH, were not significantly correlated with any bone marrow osteogenetic factors (BMP2, BMP7, Stro-1+ cells). The postoperative R3 BMD of patients of different gender and age had no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the local concentration of Ca2+ may be an indicator for the prognosis of THA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomiao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjian Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Wang L, Moore DC, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhao H, D-H Yue J, Jackson CL, Quesenberry PJ, Cao W, Yang W. SHP2 regulates the development of intestinal epithelium by modifying OSTERIX + crypt stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21106. [PMID: 33165997 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, is ubiquitously expressed and essential for the development and/or maintenance of multiple tissues and organs. SHP2 is involved in gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium development and homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. While studying SHP2's role in skeletal development, we made osteoblast-specific SHP2 deficient mice using Osterix (Osx)-Cre as a driver to excise Ptpn11 floxed alleles. Phenotypic characterization of these SHP2 mutants unexpectedly revealed a critical role of SHP2 in GI biology. Mice lacking SHP2 in Osx+ cells developed a fatal GI pathology with dramatic villus hypoplasia. OSTERIX, an OB-specific zinc finger-containing transcription factor is for the first time found to be expressed in GI crypt cells, and SHP2 expression in the crypt Osx+ cells is critical for self-renewal and proliferation. Further, immunostaining revealed the colocalization of OSTERIX with OLFM4 and LGR5, two bona fide GI stem cell markers, at the crypt cells. Furthermore, OSTERIX expression is found to be associated with GI malignancies. Knockdown of SHP2 expression had no apparent influence on the relative numbers of enterocytes, goblet cells or Paneth cells. Given SHP2's key regulatory role in OB differentiation, our studies suggest that OSTERIX and SHP2 are indispensable for gut homeostasis, analogous to SOX9's dual role as a master regulator of cartilage and an important regulator of crypt stem cell biology. Our findings also provide a foundation for new avenues of inquiry into GI stem cell biology and of OSTERIX's therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Douglas C Moore
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jerry D-H Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cynthia L Jackson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter J Quesenberry
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Weibiao Cao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wentian Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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22
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BMP-induced Atoh8 attenuates osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Runx2 transcriptional activity and reducing the Rankl/Opg expression ratio in osteoblasts. Bone Res 2020; 8:32. [PMID: 32923015 PMCID: PMC7463266 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult bone structural integrity is maintained by remodeling via the coupling of osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Osteocytes or osteoblasts express receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (Rankl) or osteoprotegerin (Opg) to promote or inhibit osteoclastogenesis, respectively. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a potent bone inducer, but its major role in adult bone is to induce osteocytes to upregulate sclerostin (Sost) and increase the Rankl/Opg expression ratio, resulting in promotion of osteoclastogenesis. However, the precise effect of BMP-target gene(s) in osteoblasts on the Rankl/Opg expression ratio remains unclear. In the present study, we identified atonal homolog 8 (Atoh8), which is directly upregulated by the BMP-Smad1 axis in osteoblasts. In vivo, Atoh8 was detected in osteoblasts but not osteocytes in adult mice. Although global Atoh8-knockout mice showed only a mild phenotype in the neonate skeleton, the bone volume was decreased and osteoclasts were increased in the adult phase. Atoh8-null marrow stroma cells were more potent than wild-type cells in inducing osteoclastogenesis in marrow cells. Atoh8 loss in osteoblasts increased Runx2 expression and the Rankl/Opg expression ratio, while Runx2 knockdown normalized the Rankl/Opg expression ratio. Moreover, Atoh8 formed a protein complex with Runx2 to inhibit Runx2 transcriptional activity and decrease the Rankl/Opg expression ratio. These results suggest that bone remodeling is regulated elaborately by BMP signaling; while BMP primarily promotes bone resorption, it simultaneously induces Atoh8 to inhibit Runx2 and reduce the Rankl/Opg expression ratio in osteoblasts, suppressing osteoclastogenesis and preventing excessive BMP-mediated bone resorption.
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23
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Terajima M, Romanowicz G, Liu Y, Omi M, Bigelow E, Joiner DM, Waldorff EI, Zhu P, Raghavan M, Lynch M, Kamiya N, Zhang R, Jepsen KJ, Goldstein S, Morris MD, Yamauchi M, Kohn DH, Mishina Y. Loss of BMP signaling mediated by BMPR1A in osteoblasts leads to differential bone phenotypes in mice depending on anatomical location of the bones. Bone 2020; 137:115402. [PMID: 32360900 PMCID: PMC7354232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in osteoblasts plays critical roles in skeletal development and bone homeostasis. Our previous studies showed loss of function of BMPR1A, one of the type 1 receptors for BMPs, in osteoblasts results in increased trabecular bone mass in long bones due to an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. Decreased bone resorption was associated with an increased mature-to-immature collagen cross-link ratio and mineral-matrix ratios in the trabecular compartments, and increased tissue-level biomechanical properties. Here, we investigated the bone mass, bone composition and biomechanical properties of ribs and spines in the same genetically altered mouse line to compare outcomes by loss of BMPR1A functions in bones from different anatomic sites and developmental origins. Bone mass was significantly increased in both cortical and trabecular compartments of ribs with minimal to modest changes in compositions. While tissue-levels of biomechanical properties were not changed between control and mutant animals, whole bone levels of biomechanical properties were significantly increased in association with increased bone mass in the mutant ribs. For spines, mutant bones showed increased bone mass in both cortical and trabecular compartments with an increase of mineral content. These results emphasize the differential role of BMP signaling in osteoblasts in bones depending on their anatomical locations, functional loading requirements and developmental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Yanshuai Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve Romanowicz
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Yangjia Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Erin Bigelow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Danese M Joiner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Erik I Waldorff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Peizhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Mekhala Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Lynch
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA; Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Karl J Jepsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Steve Goldstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - David H Kohn
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA.
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24
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Qian Z, Zhang Y, Kang X, Li H, Zhang Y, Jin X, Gao X, Xu M, Ma Z, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Sun H, Wu S. Postnatal Conditional Deletion of Bmal1 in Osteoblasts Enhances Trabecular Bone Formation Via Increased BMP2 Signals. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1481-1493. [PMID: 32212389 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies in recent years indicated the involvement of peripheral circadian clock in varied pathologies. However, evidence regarding how peripheral clocks regulate bone metabolism is still very limited. The present study aimed to investigate the direct role of Bmal1 (the key activator of peripheral circadian clock system) in vivo during bone developmental and remodeling stages using inducible osteoblast-specific Bmal1 knockout mice. Unexpectedly, the removal of Bmal1 in osteoblasts caused multiple abnormalities of bone metabolism, including a progressive increase in trabecular bone mass in as early as 8 weeks, manifested by an 82.3% increase in bone mineral density and 2.8-fold increase in bone volume per tissue volume. As mice age, an increase in trabecular bone mass persists while cortical bone mass decreases by about 33.7%, concomitant with kyphoscoliosis and malformed intervertebral disk. The increased trabecular bone mass is attributed to increased osteoblast number and osteoblast activity coupled with decreased osteoclastogenesis. Remarkably, the ablation of Bmal1 in osteoblasts promoted the expression level of Bmp2 and phosphorylation of SMAD1, whereas the attenuation of BMP2/SMAD1 signaling partially alleviated the effects of Bmal1 deficiency on osteoblast differentiation and activity. The results revealed that Bmal1 was a transcriptional silencer of Bmp2 by targeting the Bmp2 promoter. The peripheral clock gene Bmal1 in osteoblasts was crucial to coordinate differential effects on trabecular and cortical bones through regulating BMP2/SMAD1 during bone development, thus providing novel insights into a key role of osteoblast Bmal1 in homeostasis and integrity of adult bones. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Huixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Mao Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhengmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhuanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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25
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Impact of Alcohol on Bone Health, Homeostasis and Fracture repair. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 8:75-86. [PMID: 33767923 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Alcohol use continues to rise globally. We review the current literature on the effect of alcohol on bone health, homeostasis and fracture repair to highlight what has been learned in people and animal models of alcohol consumption. Recent findings Recently, forkhead box O (FoxO) has been found to be upregulated and activated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exposed to alcohol. FoxO has also been found to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is necessary for MSC differentiation. Recent evidence suggests alcohol activates FoxO signaling, which may be dysregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MSCs cultured in alcohol. Summary This review highlights the negative health effects learned from people and chronic and episodic binge alcohol consumption animal models. Studies using chronic alcohol exposure or alcohol exposure then bone fracture repair model have explored several different cellular and molecular signaling pathways important for bone homeostasis and fracture repair, and offer potential for future experiments to explore additional signaling pathways that may be dysregulated by alcohol exposure.
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26
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Hong F, Wu S, Zhang C, Li L, Chen J, Fu Y, Wang J. TRPM7 Upregulate the Activity of SMAD1 through PLC Signaling Way to Promote Osteogenesis of hBMSCs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9458983. [PMID: 32596398 PMCID: PMC7294393 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9458983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TRPM7 is a member of the transient receptor potential cation channel (TRP channel) subfamily M and possesses both an ion channel domain and a functional serine/threonine α-kinase domain. It has been proven to play an essential role in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). However, the signaling pathway and molecular mechanism for TRPM7 in regulating osteogenic differentiation remain largely unknown. In this study, the potential role and mechanism of TRPM7 in the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs were investigated. The results showed that the expression of TRPM7 mRNA and protein increased, as did the osteogenic induction time. Upregulation or inhibition of TRPM7 could promote or inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs for 14 days. It was also found that the upregulation or inhibition of TRPM7 promoted or inhibited the activity of PLC and SMAD1, respectively, during osteogenic differentiation. PLC could promote osteogenic differentiation by upregulating the activity of SMAD1. However, inhibition of PLC alone could reduce the activity of SMAD1 but not inhibit completely the activation of SMAD1. Therefore, we inferred that it is an important signaling pathway for TRPM7 to upregulate the activity of SMAD1 through PLC and thereby promote the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, but it is not a singular pathway. TRPM7 may also regulate the activation of SMAD1 through other ways, except for PLC, during osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Hong
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shali Wu
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of ENT, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of ENT, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Chen G, Xu H, Yao Y, Xu T, Yuan M, Zhang X, Lv Z, Wu M. BMP Signaling in the Development and Regeneration of Cranium Bones and Maintenance of Calvarial Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:135. [PMID: 32211409 PMCID: PMC7075941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is highly conserved across many species, and its importance for the patterning of the skeletal system has been demonstrated. A disrupted BMP signaling pathway results in severe skeletal defects. Murine calvaria has been identified to have dual-tissue lineages, namely, the cranial neural-crest cells and the paraxial mesoderm. Modulations of the BMP signaling pathway have been demonstrated to be significant in determining calvarial osteogenic potentials and ossification in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the BMP signaling pathway plays a role in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the calvarial stem cells, indicating a potential clinic significance in calvarial bone and in expediting regeneration. Following the inherent evidence of BMP signaling in craniofacial biology, we summarize recent discoveries relating to BMP signaling in the development of calvarial structures, functions of the suture stem cells and their niche and regeneration. This review will not only provide a better understanding of BMP signaling in cranial biology, but also exhibit the molecular targets of BMP signaling that possess clinical potential for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haodong Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengrui Wu
- Institute of Genetics, Life Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Westhrin M, Holien T, Zahoor M, Moen SH, Buene G, Størdal B, Hella H, Yuan H, de Bruijn JD, Martens A, Groen RW, Bosch F, Smith U, Sponaas AM, Sundan A, Standal T. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Gene Therapy in Mice Inhibits Myeloma Tumor Growth, But Has a Negative Impact on Bone. JBMR Plus 2019; 4:e10247. [PMID: 31956851 PMCID: PMC6957984 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Most patients suffer from an osteolytic bone disease, caused by increased bone degradation and reduced bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is important for both pre‐ and postnatal bone formation and induces growth arrest and apoptosis of myeloma cells. BMP4‐treatment of myeloma patients could have the potential to reduce tumor growth and restore bone formation. We therefore explored BMP4 gene therapy in a human‐mouse model of multiple myeloma where humanized bone scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in RAG2−/− γC−/−mice. Mice were treated with adeno‐associated virus serotype 8 BMP4 vectors (AAV8‐BMP4) to express BMP4 in the liver. When mature BMP4 was detectable in the circulation, myeloma cells were injected into the scaffolds and tumor growth was examined by weekly imaging. Strikingly, the tumor burden was reduced in AAV8‐BMP4 mice compared with the AAV8‐CTRL mice, suggesting that increased circulating BMP4 reduced tumor growth. BMP4‐treatment also prevented bone loss in the scaffolds, most likely due to reduced tumor load. To delineate the effects of BMP4 overexpression on bone per se, without direct influence from cancer cells, we examined the unaffected, non‐myeloma femurs by μCT. Surprisingly, the AAV8‐BMP4 mice had significantly reduced trabecular bone volume, trabecular numbers, as well as significantly increased trabecular separation compared with the AAV8‐CTRL mice. There was no difference in cortical bone parameters between the two groups. Taken together, BMP4 gene therapy inhibited myeloma tumor growth, but also reduced the amount of trabecular bone in mice. Our data suggest that care should be taken when considering using BMP4 as a therapeutic agent. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Westhrin
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Department of Hematology St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim Norway
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Siv Helen Moen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Glenn Buene
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Berit Størdal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV Bilthoven The Netherlands.,The School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Anton Martens
- Department of Hematology Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Richard Wj Groen
- Department of Hematology Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid Spain
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway.,Department of Hematology St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim Norway
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29
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Vrathasha V, Weidner H, Nohe A. Mechanism of CK2.3, a Novel Mimetic Peptide of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type IA, Mediated Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2500. [PMID: 31117181 PMCID: PMC6567251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a degenerative skeletal disease with a limited number of treatment options. CK2.3, a novel peptide, may be a potential therapeutic. It induces osteogenesis and bone formation in vitro and in vivo by acting downstream of BMPRIA through releasing CK2 from the receptor. However, the detailed signaling pathways, the time frame of signaling, and genes activated remain largely unknown. METHODS Using a newly developed fluorescent CK2.3 analog, specific inhibitors for the BMP signaling pathways, Western blot, and RT-qPCR, we determined the mechanism of CK2.3 in C2C12 cells. We then confirmed the results in primary BMSCs. RESULTS Using these methods, we showed that CK2.3 stimulation activated OSX, ALP, and OCN. CK2.3 stimulation induced time dependent release of CK2β from BMPRIA and concurrently CK2.3 colocalized with CK2α. Furthermore, CK2.3 induced BMP signaling depends on ERK1/2 and Smad1/5/8 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION CK2.3 is a novel peptide that drives osteogenesis, and we detailed the molecular sequence of events that are triggered from the stimulation of CK2.3 until the induction of mineralization. This knowledge can be applied in the development of future therapeutics for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrathasha Vrathasha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Hilary Weidner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Anja Nohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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30
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Moghaddam T, Neshati Z. Role of microRNAs in osteogenesis of stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14136-14155. [PMID: 31069839 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation is a controlled developmental process in which external and internal factors including cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles. Various stimulatory and inhibitory TFs contribute to osteogenic differentiation and are responsible for bone development. In addition, cross-talk between several complex signaling pathways regulates the osteogenic differentiation of some stem cells. Although much is known about regulatory genes and signaling pathways in osteogenesis, the role of miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation still needs to be explored. miRNAs are small, approximately 22 nucleotides, single-stranded nonprotein coding RNAs which are abundant in many mammalian cell types. They paly significant regulated roles in various biological processes and serve as promising biomarkers for disease states. Recently, emerging evidence have shown that miRNAs are the key regulators of osteogenesis of stem cells. They may endogenously regulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through direct targeting of positive or negative directors of osteogenesis and depending on the target result in the promotion or inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. This review aims to provide a general overview of miRNAs participating in osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and explain their regulatory effect based on the genes targeted with these miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Neshati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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31
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Chen J, Li J, Hu F, Zou Q, Mei Q, Li S, Hao Y, Hou W, Li J, Li Y, Zuo Y. Effect of Microarc Oxidation-Treated Ti6Al4V Scaffold Following Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation on Osteogenic Cells in Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:572-581. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, and Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiongjiong Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, and Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Hu
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, and Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zou
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, and Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanjing Mei
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, and Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujun Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Hao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, and Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, and Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, and Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor-β family of ligands. BMPs exhibit widespread utility and pleiotropic, context-dependent effects, and the strength and duration of BMP pathway signaling is tightly regulated at numerous levels via mechanisms operating both inside and outside the cell. Defects in the BMP pathway or its regulation underlie multiple human diseases of different organ systems. Yet much remains to be discovered about the BMP pathway in its original context, i.e., the skeleton. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intricacies of the BMP pathway and its inhibitors in bone development, homeostasis, and disease. We frame the content of the review around major unanswered questions for which incomplete evidence is available. First, we consider the gene regulatory network downstream of BMP signaling in osteoblastogenesis. Next, we examine why some BMP ligands are more osteogenic than others and what factors limit BMP signaling during osteoblastogenesis. Then we consider whether specific BMP pathway components are required for normal skeletal development, and if the pathway exerts endogenous effects in the aging skeleton. Finally, we propose two major areas of need of future study by the field: greater resolution of the gene regulatory network downstream of BMP signaling in the skeleton, and an expanded repertoire of reagents to reliably and specifically inhibit individual BMP pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana ; and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana ; and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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Gomez-Puerto MC, Iyengar PV, García de Vinuesa A, Ten Dijke P, Sanchez-Duffhues G. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor signal transduction in human disease. J Pathol 2018; 247:9-20. [PMID: 30246251 PMCID: PMC6587955 DOI: 10.1002/path.5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that were initially discovered on the basis of their ability to induce bone. Several decades of research have now established that these proteins function in a large variety of physiopathological processes. There are about 15 BMP family members, which signal via three transmembrane type II receptors and four transmembrane type I receptors. Mechanistically, BMP binding leads to phosphorylation of the type I receptor by the type II receptor. This activated heteromeric complex triggers intracellular signaling that is initiated by phosphorylation of receptor‐regulated SMAD1, 5, and 8 (also termed R‐SMADs). Activated R‐SMADs form heteromeric complexes with SMAD4, which engage in specific transcriptional responses. There is convergence along the signaling pathway and, besides the canonical SMAD pathway, BMP‐receptor activation can also induce non‐SMAD signaling. Each step in the pathway is fine‐tuned by positive and negative regulation and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. For example, ligand bioavailability for the receptor can be regulated by ligand‐binding proteins that sequester the ligand from interacting with receptors. Accessory co‐receptors, also known as BMP type III receptors, lack intrinsic enzymatic activity but enhance BMP signaling by presenting ligands to receptors. In this review, we discuss the role of BMP receptor signaling and how corruption of this pathway contributes to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases and cancer. We describe pharmacological tools to interrogate the function of BMP receptor signaling in specific biological processes and focus on how these agents can be used as drugs to inhibit or activate the function of the receptor, thereby normalizing dysregulated BMP signaling. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Catalina Gomez-Puerto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Prasanna Vasudevan Iyengar
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amaya García de Vinuesa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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BMP-IHH-mediated interplay between mesenchymal stem cells and osteoclasts supports calvarial bone homeostasis and repair. Bone Res 2018; 6:30. [PMID: 30345151 PMCID: PMC6193039 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calvarial bones are connected by fibrous sutures. These sutures provide a niche environment that includes mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, which help maintain calvarial bone homeostasis and repair. Abnormal function of osteogenic cells or diminished MSCs within the cranial suture can lead to skull defects, such as craniosynostosis. Despite the important function of each of these cell types within the cranial suture, we have limited knowledge about the role that crosstalk between them may play in regulating calvarial bone homeostasis and injury repair. Here we show that suture MSCs give rise to osteoprogenitors that show active bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling and depend on BMP-mediated Indian hedgehog (IHH) signalling to balance osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis activity. IHH signalling and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) may function synergistically to promote the differentiation and resorption activity of osteoclasts. Loss of Bmpr1a in MSCs leads to downregulation of hedgehog (Hh) signalling and diminished cranial sutures. Significantly, activation of Hh signalling partially restores suture morphology in Bmpr1a mutant mice, suggesting the functional importance of BMP-mediated Hh signalling in regulating suture tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, there is an increased number of CD200+ cells in Bmpr1a mutant mice, which may also contribute to the inhibited osteoclast activity in the sutures of mutant mice. Finally, suture MSCs require BMP-mediated Hh signalling during the repair of calvarial bone defects after injury. Collectively, our studies reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing cell–cell interactions within the cranial suture that regulate calvarial bone homeostasis and repair. Understanding the signaling mechanisms regulating cells in cranial sutures could help develop strategies for repairing skull defects or fractures. Little is known about how osteoblasts, osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cranial sutures regulate the homeostasis and repair of skull bones. Yang Chai at the University of Southern California, United States, and colleagues show that preventing the expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA (Bmpr1a) in MSCs leads to defective cranial sutures in which osteogenic activity is increased and osteoclast activity is reduced. Stimulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway not only partially rescued the defective sutures but also promoted skull bone healing after injury in Bmpr1a mutant mice, highlighting the importance of BMP-mediated Hedgehog signaling for balancing skull bone formation and resorption.
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Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMA-) constitute an original and heterogeneous fat depot whose development appears interlinked with bone status throughout life. The gradual replacement of the haematopoietic tissue by BMA arises in a well-ordered way during childhood and adolescence concomitantly to bone growth and continues at a slower rate throughout the adult life. Importantly, BM adiposity quantity is found well associated with bone mineral density (BMD) loss at different skeletal sites in primary osteoporosis such as in ageing or menopause but also in secondary osteoporosis consecutive to anorexia nervosa. Since BMA and osteoblasts originate from a common mesenchymal stem cell, adipogenesis is considered as a competitive process that disrupts osteoblastogenesis. Besides, most factors secreted by bone and bone marrow cells (ligands and antagonists of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, BMP and others) reciprocally regulate the two processes. Hormones such as oestrogens, glucocorticoids, parathyroid and growth hormones that control bone remodelling also modulate the differentiation and the activity of BMA. Actually, BMA could also contribute to bone loss through the release of paracrine factors altering osteoblast and/or osteoclast formation and function. Based on clinical and fundamental studies, this review aims at presenting and discussing these current arguments that support but also challenge the involvement of BMA in the bone mass integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareck Rharass
- Littoral Côte d’Opale University, Lille University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Stéphanie Lucas
- Littoral Côte d’Opale University, Lille University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Lille, F-59000, France
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Deng ZH, Li YS, Gao X, Lei GH, Huard J. Bone morphogenetic proteins for articular cartilage regeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1153-1161. [PMID: 29580979 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of articular cartilage (AC) tissue is the most common cause of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in bone and cartilage formation. This article reviews the experimental and clinical applications of BMPs in cartilage regeneration. Experimental evidence indicates that BMPs play an important role in protection against cartilage damage caused by inflammation or trauma, by binding to different receptor combinations and, consequently, activating different intracellular signaling pathways. Loss of function of BMP-related receptors contributes to the decreased intrinsic repair capacity of damaged cartilage and, thus, the multifunctional effects of BMPs make them attractive tools for the treatment of cartilage damage in patients with degenerative diseases. However, the development of BMP therapy as a treatment modality for cartilage regeneration has been hampered by certain factors, such as the eligibility of participants in clinical trials, financial support, drug delivery carrier safety, availabilities of effective scaffolds, appropriate selection of optimal dose and timing of administration, and side effects. Further research is needed to overcome these issues for future routine clinical applications. Research and development leading to the successful application of BMPs can initiate a new era in the treatment of cartilage degenerative diseases like OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y S Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; The Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - G H Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - J Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; The Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA.
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ACVR1 is essential for periodontium development and promotes alveolar bone formation. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:108-117. [PMID: 30098439 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of a BMP type I receptor (ACVR1) in regulating periodontium development, Acvr1 was conditionally disrupted in Osterix-expressing cells. METHODS Mandibles from both control (Acvr1 fx/+; Osterix-Cre (+)/(-)) and cKO (Acvr1 fx/-; Osterix-Cre (+)/(-)) mice at postnatal day 21 (PN21) were scanned by micro-CT, followed by decalcification and histological observations. Distributions and levels of differentiation markers of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and cementocytes in the periodontium were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RESULTS Micro-CT results showed that bone mass and bone mineral density of the alveolar bones in the cKO mice were lower than those in the controls. Histomorphometry within the alveolar bones revealed that the lower bone mass observed in the cKO mice was caused by increased numbers and resorption activities of osteoclasts. The markers for osteoblast differentiation, Col I and DMP1, were reduced and the signals of the RANKL/OPG ratio were increased in the alveolar bones of the cKO mice compared to those of the control mice. The periodontal ligament in the cKO mice exhibited disorganized collagen fibers with weaker signals of Col I and periostin. However, there was no difference in terms of the cellular cementum between the two groups. CONCLUSION ACVR1 is essential for normal periodontium development. ACVR1 in the osteoblasts negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation in association with the RANKL/OPG axis and thus promotes alveolar bone formation.
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Jiang WY, Xing C, Wang HW, Wang W, Chen SZ, Ning LF, Xu X, Tang QQ, Huang HY. A Lox/CHOP-10 crosstalk governs osteogenic and adipogenic cell fate by MSCs. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5097-5108. [PMID: 30044535 PMCID: PMC6156357 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated marrow adipogenesis has been associated with ageing and osteoporosis and is thought to be because of an imbalance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). We have previously found that lysyl oxidase (Lox) inhibition disrupts BMP4‐induced adipocytic lineage commitment and differentiation of MSCs. In this study, we found that lox inhibition dramatically up‐regulates BMP4‐induced expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein 10 (CHOP‐10), which then promotes BMP4‐induced osteogenesis of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, Lox inhibition or CHOP‐10 up‐regulation activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling to enhance BMP4‐induced osteogenesis, with pro‐adipogenic p38 MAPK and Smad signalling suppressed. Together, we demonstrate that Lox/CHOP‐10 crosstalk regulates BMP4‐induced osteogenic and adipogenic fate determination of MSCs, presenting a promising therapeutic target for osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Biliary and Pancreatic Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Biliary and Pancreatic Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Fang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bao Q, Li A, Chen S, Feng J, Liu H, Qin H, Li J, Liu D, Shen Y, Zong Z. Disruption of bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor in osteoblasts impairs bone quality and bone strength in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:263-273. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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BMPRIA is required for osteogenic differentiation and RANKL expression in adult bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8475. [PMID: 29855498 PMCID: PMC5981611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) activate the canonical Smad1/5/8 and non-canonical Tak1-MAPK pathways via BMP receptors I and II to regulate skeletal development and bone remodeling. Specific ablation of Bmpr1a in immature osteoblasts, osteoblasts, or osteocytes results in an increase in cancellous bone mass, yet opposite results have been reported regarding the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, the role for BMPRIA-mediated signaling in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) has not been explored. Here, we specifically ablated Bmpr1a in BM-MSCs in adult mice to study the function of BMPR1A in bone remodeling and found that the mutant mice showed an increase in cancellous and cortical bone mass, which was accompanied by a decrease in bone formation rate and a greater decrease in bone resorption. Decreased bone formation was associated with a defect in BM-MSC osteogenic differentiation whereas decreased bone resorption was associated with a decrease in RANKL production and osteoclastogenesis. However, ablation of Tak1, a critical non-canonical signaling molecule downstream of BMP receptors, in BM-MSCs at adult stage did not affect bone remodeling. These results suggest that BMP signaling through BMPRIA controls BM-MSC osteogenic differentiation/bone formation and RANKL expression/osteoclastogenesis in adult mice independent of Tak1 signaling.
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Correlating interfacial water dynamics with protein-protein interaction in complex of GDF-5 and BMPRI receptors. Biophys Chem 2018; 240:50-62. [PMID: 29890403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
GDF-5 mediated signal transduction regulating chondrogenesis and skeletogenesis involves three different type-I receptors viz. Act-RI, BMPRIA and BMPRIB. BMPRIA and BMPRIB generally shows temporal and spatial co-expression but some spatially different expression pattern has also been observed. BMPRIA receptor is the key receptor implicated in BMP signalling during osteogenesis and is expressed in osteoblasts during the course of bone formation. However, BMPRIB appears to be primarily expressed in mesenchymal pre-cartilage condensations and also found in differentiated osteoblast and chondrocytes. The extracellular pH affects bone cell function and it is experimentally known that mineralization of bone is affected by shift of pH in cultured osteoblast. Here we report the effect of pH on dynamics of water present at the interface of GDF-5:BMPRIA and GDF-5:BMPRIB and binding interaction energy of these complexes. Water dynamics at different pH was analysed using residence time and hydrogen bond relaxation kinetics. pH influences the interaction energy between GDF-5 and BMPRIA and BMPRIB receptors indicating the electrostatic environment modulating the activity of two receptors. This pH dependence of interaction energy is further supported by similar behaviour of hydrogen bond existence of buried water molecules at the interface. In contrast to this the slow and fast exchanging water molecules do not show similar pH dependence of hydrogen bonding relaxation kinetics. Hence; we conclude that only buried water molecule at the interface influences the protein-protein interaction and the electrostatic environment of the extracellular fluid might decide the specificity of the two receptors.
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Grafe I, Alexander S, Peterson JR, Snider TN, Levi B, Lee B, Mishina Y. TGF-β Family Signaling in Mesenchymal Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a022202. [PMID: 28507020 PMCID: PMC5932590 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for both may be distinct. MSC lineage commitment and progression in differentiation are regulated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. This review focuses on the roles of TGF-β family signaling in mesenchymal lineage commitment and differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, adipocytes, and tenocytes. We summarize the reported findings of cell culture studies, animal models, and interactions with other signaling pathways and highlight how aberrations in TGF-β family signaling can drive human disease by affecting mesenchymal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jonathan R Peterson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Taylor Nicholas Snider
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Brunner M, Mandier N, Gautier T, Chevalier G, Ribba AS, Guardiola P, Block MR, Bouvard D. β1 integrins mediate the BMP2 dependent transcriptional control of osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196021. [PMID: 29677202 PMCID: PMC5909894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is a highly regulated process that requires coordinated information from both soluble factors and the extracellular matrix. Among these extracellular stimuli, chemical and physical properties of the matrix are sensed through cell surface receptors such as integrins and transmitted into the nucleus to drive specific gene expression. Here, we showed that the conditional deletion of β1 integrins in the osteo-precursor population severely impacts bone formation and homeostasis both in vivo and in vitro. Mutant mice displayed a severe bone deficit characterized by bone fragility and reduced bone mass. We showed that β1 integrins are required for proper BMP2 dependent signaling at the pre-osteoblastic stage, by positively modulating Smad1/5-dependent transcriptional activity at the nuclear level. The lack of β1 integrins results in a transcription modulation that relies on a cooperative defect with other transcription factors rather than a plain blunted BMP2 response. Our results point to a nuclear modulation of Smad1/5 transcriptional activity by β1 integrins, allowing a tight control of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Brunner
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Noémie Mandier
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Gautier
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Genevieve Chevalier
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Ribba
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Guardiola
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire and University of Angers, SNP Plateform, Institute for Biological Health, Transcriptome and Epigenomic, Angers, France
| | - Marc R. Block
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- Centre de Recherche INSERM 1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Bioscience; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to highlight the past and more current literature related to the multifaceted pathogenic programs that contribute to calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) with a focus on the contribution of developmental programs. RECENT FINDINGS Calcification of the aortic valve is an active process characterized by calcific nodule formation on the aortic surface leading to a less supple and more stiffened cusp, thereby limiting movement and causing clinical stenosis. The mechanisms underlying these pathogenic changes are largely unknown, but emerging studies have suggested that signaling pathways common to valvulogenesis and bone development play significant roles and include Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Wnt, Notch, and Sox9. This comprehensive review of the literature highlights the complex nature of CAVD but concurrently identifies key regulators that can be targeted in the development of mechanistic-based therapies beyond surgical intervention to improve patient outcome.
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Shi C, Mandair GS, Zhang H, Vanrenterghem GG, Ridella R, Takahashi A, Zhang Y, Kohn DH, Morris MD, Mishina Y, Sun H. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling through ACVR1 and BMPR1A negatively regulates bone mass along with alterations in bone composition. J Struct Biol 2018; 201:237-246. [PMID: 29175363 PMCID: PMC5820174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone quantity and bone quality are important factors in determining the properties and the mechanical functions of bone. This study examined the effects of disrupting bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling through BMP receptors on bone quantity and bone quality. More specifically, we disrupted two BMP receptors, Acvr1 and Bmpr1a, respectively, in Osterix-expressing osteogenic progenitor cells in mice. We examined the structural changes to the femora from 3-month old male and female conditional knockout (cKO) mice using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology, as well as compositional changes to both cortical and trabecular compartments of bone using Raman spectroscopy. We found that the deletion of Acvr1 and Bmpr1a, respectively, in an osteoblast-specific manner resulted in higher bone mass in the trabecular compartment. Disruption of Bmpr1a resulted in a more significantly increased bone mass in the trabecular compartment. We also found that these cKO mice showed lower mineral-to-matrix ratio, while tissue mineral density was lower in the cortical compartment. Collagen crosslink ratio was higher in both cortical and trabecular compartments of male cKO mice. Our study suggested that BMP signaling in osteoblast mediated by BMP receptors, namely ACVR1 and BMPR1A, is critical in regulating bone quantity and bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130000, China; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Gurjit S Mandair
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Gloria G Vanrenterghem
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Ryan Ridella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1055, USA
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Yanshuai Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - David H Kohn
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109-2110, USA.
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1055, USA.
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130000, China.
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Nozawa S, Inubushi T, Irie F, Takigami I, Matsumoto K, Shimizu K, Akiyama H, Yamaguchi Y. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass. JCI Insight 2018; 3:89624. [PMID: 29415886 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a highly coordinated process involving bone formation and resorption, and imbalance of this process results in osteoporosis. It has long been recognized that long-term heparin therapy often causes osteoporosis, suggesting that heparan sulfate (HS), the physiological counterpart of heparin, is somehow involved in bone mass regulation. The role of endogenous HS in adult bone, however, remains unclear. To determine the role of HS in bone homeostasis, we conditionally ablated Ext1, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in osteoblasts. Resultant conditional mutant mice developed severe osteopenia. Surprisingly, this phenotype is not due to impairment in bone formation but to enhancement of bone resorption. We show that osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is known as a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL, needs to be associated with the osteoblast surface in order to efficiently inhibit RANKL/RANK signaling and that HS serves as a cell surface binding partner for OPG in this context. We also show that bone mineral density is reduced in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses, a genetic bone disorder caused by heterozygous mutations of Ext1, suggesting that the mechanism revealed in this study may be relevant to low bone mass conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nozawa
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fumitoshi Irie
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Iori Takigami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazu Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Katsuji Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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Dettman RW, Birch D, Fernando A, Kessler JA, Dizon ML. Targeted Knockdown of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling within Neural Progenitors Protects the Brain and Improves Motor Function following Postnatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Dev Neurosci 2018; 40:23-38. [PMID: 29324456 PMCID: PMC5861030 DOI: 10.1159/000485379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic injury (HI) to the neonatal human brain results in myelin loss that, in some children, can manifest as cerebral palsy. Previously, we had found that neuronal overexpression of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) inhibitor noggin during development increased oligodendroglia and improved motor function in an experimental model of HI utilizing unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia. As BMPs are known to negatively regulate oligodendroglial fate specification of neural stem cells and alter differentiation of committed oligodendroglia, BMP signaling is likely an important mechanism leading to myelin loss. Here, we showed that BMP signaling is upregulated within oligodendroglia of the neonatal brain. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of BMP signaling specifically within neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is sufficient to protect oligodendroglia. We conditionally deleted the BMP receptor 2 subtype (BMPR2) in NG2-expressing cells after HI. We found that BMPR2 deletion globally protects the brain as assessed by MRI and protects motor function as assessed by digital gait analysis, and that conditional deletion of BMPR2 maintains oligodendrocyte marker expression by immunofluorescence and Western blot and prevents loss of oligodendroglia. Finally, BMPR2 deletion after HI results in an increase in noncompacted myelin. Thus, our data indicate that inhibition of BMP signaling specifically in NPCs may be a tractable strategy to protect the newborn brain from HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Dettman
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Derin Birch
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Augusta Fernando
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A. Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria L.V. Dizon
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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48
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Pakvasa M, Alverdy A, Mostafa S, Wang E, Fu L, Li A, Oliveira L, Athiviraham A, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, He TC, Ameer GA, Reid RR. Neural EGF-like protein 1 (NELL-1): Signaling crosstalk in mesenchymal stem cells and applications in regenerative medicine. Genes Dis 2017; 4:127-137. [PMID: 29276737 PMCID: PMC5737940 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration holds the potential to solve both osteoporosis and large skeletal defects, two problems associated with significant morbidity. The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the osteogenic lineage requires a specific microenvironment and certain osteogenic growth factors. Neural EGF Like-Like molecule 1 (NELL-1) is a secreted glycoprotein that has proven, both in vitro and in vivo, to be a potent osteo-inductive factor. Furthermore, it has been shown to repress adipogenic differentiation and inflammation. NELL-1 can work synergistically with other osteogenic factors such as Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) -2 and -9, and has shown promise for use in tissue engineering and as a systemically administered drug for the treatment of osteoporosis. Here we provide a comprehensive up-to-date review on the molecular signaling cascade of NELL-1 in mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in bone regenerative engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pakvasa
- The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alex Alverdy
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Sami Mostafa
- The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lucy Fu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Leonardo Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Differential involvement of Wnt signaling in Bmp regulation of cancellous versus periosteal bone growth. Bone Res 2017; 5:17016. [PMID: 28607813 PMCID: PMC5460368 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmp) are well-known to induce bone formation following chondrogenesis, but the direct role of Bmp signaling in the osteoblast lineage is not completely understood. We have recently shown that deletion of the receptor Bmpr1a in the osteoblast lineage with Dmp1-Cre reduces osteoblast activity in general but stimulates proliferation of preosteoblasts specifically in the cancellous bone region, resulting in diminished periosteal bone growth juxtaposed with excessive cancellous bone formation. Because expression of sclerostin (SOST), a secreted Wnt antagonist, is notably reduced in the Bmpr1a-deficient osteocytes, we have genetically tested the hypothesis that increased Wnt signaling might mediate the increase in cancellous bone formation in response to Bmpr1a deletion. Forced expression of human SOST from a Dmp1 promoter fragment partially rescues preosteoblast hyperproliferation and cancellous bone overgrowth in the Bmpr1a mutant mice, demonstrating functional interaction between Bmp and Wnt signaling in the cancellous bone compartment. To test whether increased Wnt signaling can compensate for the defect in periosteal growth caused by Bmpr1a deletion, we have generated compound mutants harboring a hyperactive mutation (A214V) in the Wnt receptor Lrp5. However, the mutant Lrp5 does not restore periosteal bone growth in the Bmpr1a-deficient mice. Thus, Bmp signaling restricts cancellous bone accrual partly through induction of SOST that limits preosteoblast proliferation, but promotes periosteal bone growth apparently independently of Wnt activation.
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Kominakis A, Hager-Theodorides AL, Zoidis E, Saridaki A, Antonakos G, Tsiamis G. Combined GWAS and 'guilt by association'-based prioritization analysis identifies functional candidate genes for body size in sheep. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:41. [PMID: 28454565 PMCID: PMC5408376 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body size in sheep is an important indicator of productivity, growth and health as well as of environmental adaptation. It is a composite quantitative trait that has been studied with high-throughput genomic methods, i.e. genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in various mammalian species. Several genomic markers have been associated with body size traits and genes have been identified as causative candidates in humans, dog and cattle. A limited number of related GWAS have been performed in various sheep breeds and have identified genomic regions and candidate genes that partly account for body size variability. Here, we conducted a GWAS in Frizarta dairy sheep with phenotypic data from 10 body size measurements and genotypic data (from Illumina ovineSNP50 BeadChip) for 459 ewes. Results The 10 body size measurements were subjected to principal component analysis and three independent principal components (PC) were constructed, interpretable as width, height and length dimensions, respectively. The GWAS performed for each PC identified 11 significant SNPs, at the chromosome level, one on each of the chromosomes 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 23 and two on chromosome 25. Nine out of the 11 SNPs were located on previously identified quantitative trait loci for sheep meat, production or reproduction. One hundred and ninety-seven positional candidate genes within a 1-Mb distance from each significant SNP were found. A guilt-by-association-based (GBA) prioritization analysis (PA) was performed to identify the most plausible functional candidate genes. GBA-based PA identified 39 genes that were significantly associated with gene networks relevant to body size traits. Prioritized genes were identified in the vicinity of all significant SNPs except for those on chromosomes 10 and 12. The top five ranking genes were TP53, BMPR1A, PIK3R5, RPL26 and PRKDC. Conclusions The results of this GWAS provide evidence for 39 causative candidate genes across nine chromosomal regions for body size traits, some of which are novel and some are previously identified candidates from other studies (e.g. TP53, NTN1 and ZNF521). GBA-based PA has proved to be a useful tool to identify genes with increased biological relevance but it is subjected to certain limitations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-017-0316-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kominakis
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadne L Hager-Theodorides
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Zoidis
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Saridaki
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, 30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - George Antonakos
- Agricultural and Livestock Union of Western Greece, 13rd Km N.R. Agrinio-Ioannina, 30100, Lepenou, Greece
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, 30100, Agrinio, Greece
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