1
|
Lueschow-Guijosa SR, Stanford AH, Berger JN, Gong H, Boly TJ, Jensen BA, Nordkild P, Leegwater AJ, Wehkamp J, Underwood MA, McElroy SJ. Host defense peptides human β defensin 2 and LL-37 ameliorate murine necrotizing enterocolitis. iScience 2024; 27:109993. [PMID: 38846005 PMCID: PMC11154634 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of preterm infant morbidity and mortality. Treatment for NEC is limited and non-targeted, which makes new treatment and prevention strategies critical. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are essential components of the innate immune system and have multifactorial mechanisms in host defense. LL-37 and hBD2 are two HDPs that have been shown in prior literature to protect from neonatal sepsis-induced mortality or adult inflammatory bowel disease, respectively. Therefore, this article sought to understand if these two HDPs could influence NEC severity in murine preclinical models. NEC was induced in P14-16 C57Bl/6 mice and HDPs were provided as a pretreatment or treatment. Both LL-37 and hBD2 resulted in decreased NEC injury scores as a treatment and hBD2 as a pretreatment. Our data suggest LL-37 functions through antimicrobial properties, while hBD2 functions through decreases in inflammation and improvement of intestinal barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy H. Stanford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Huiyu Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Timothy J. Boly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin A.H. Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark A. Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven J. McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Llorente C. Isolation of Myenteric and Submucosal Plexus from Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract and Subsequent Co-Culture with Small Intestinal Organoids. Cells 2024; 13:815. [PMID: 38786037 PMCID: PMC11120043 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis results from the proper interplay among epithelial cells, the enteric nervous system (ENS), interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), smooth muscle cells, the immune system, and the microbiota. The disruption of this balance underpins the onset of gastrointestinal-related diseases. The scarcity of models replicating the intricate interplay between the ENS and the intestinal epithelium highlights the imperative for developing novel methods. We have pioneered a sophisticated tridimensional in vitro technique, coculturing small intestinal organoids with myenteric and submucosal neurons. Notably, we have made significant advances in (1) refining the isolation technique for culturing the myenteric plexus, (2) enhancing the isolation of the submucosal plexus-both yielding mixed cultures of enteric neurons and glial cells from both plexuses, and (3) subsequently co-culturing myenteric and submucosal neurons with small intestinal organoids. This co-culture system establishes neural innervations with intestinal organoids, allowing for the investigation of regulatory interactions in the context of gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, we have developed a method for microinjecting the luminal space of small intestinal organoids with fluorescently labeled compounds. This technique possesses broad applicability such as the assessment of intestinal permeability, transcytosis, and immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence applications. This microinjection method could be extended to alternative experimental setups, incorporating bacterial species, or applying treatments to study ENS-small intestinal epithelium interactions. Therefore, this technique serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the intricate interplay between neuronal and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and shows great potential for drug screening, gene editing, the development of novel therapies, the modeling of infectious diseases, and significant advances in regenerative medicine. The co-culture establishment process spans twelve days, making it a powerful asset for comprehensive research in this critical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Périco LL, Vegso AJ, Baggio CH, MacNaughton WK. Protease-activated receptor 2 drives migration in a colon cancer cell line but not in noncancerous human epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G525-G542. [PMID: 38440826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00284.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The inflamed mucosa contains a complex assortment of proteases that may participate in wound healing or the development of inflammation-associated colon cancer. We sought to determine the role of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in epithelial wound healing in both untransformed and transformed colonic epithelial cells. Monolayers of primary epithelial cells derived from organoids cultivated from patient colonic biopsies and of the T84 colon cancer cell line were grown to confluence, wounded in the presence of a selective PAR2-activating peptide, and healing was visualized by live cell microscopy. Inhibitors of various signaling molecules were used to assess the relevant pathways responsible for wound healing. Activation of PAR2 induced an enhanced wound-healing response in T84 cells but not primary cells. The PAR2-enhanced wound-healing response was associated with the development of lamellipodia in cells at the wound edge, consistent with sheet migration. The response to PAR2 activation in T84 cells was completely dependent on Src kinase activity and partially dependent on Rac1 activity. The Src-associated signaling molecules, focal adhesion kinase, and epidermal growth factor receptor, which typically mediate wound-healing responses, were not involved in the PAR2 response. Experiments repeated in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines TNF and IFNγ revealed a synergistically enhanced PAR2 wound-healing response in T84s but not primary cells. The epithelial response to proteases may be different between primary and cancer cells and is accentuated in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings have implications for understanding epithelial restitution in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and inflammation-associated colon cancer.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Protease-activated receptor 2 enhances wound healing in the T84 colon cancer cell line, but not in primary cells derived from patient biopsies, an effect that is synergistically enhanced in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines TNF and IFNγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lucena Périco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Vegso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cristiane H Baggio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Velasquez C, Gutierrez O, Carcelen M, Fernandez-Luna JL. The Invasion Factor ODZ1 Is Upregulated through an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Induced Pathway in Primary Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2024; 13:766. [PMID: 38727302 PMCID: PMC11083495 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the transmembrane protein ODZ1 promotes cytoskeletal remodeling of glioblastoma (GBM) cells and invasion of the surrounding parenchyma through the activation of a RhoA-ROCK pathway. We also described that GBM cells can control the expression of ODZ1 through transcriptional mechanisms triggered by the binding of IL-6 to its receptor and a hypoxic environment. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a key role in the invasive capacity of GBM. However, the molecular mechanisms that enable tumor cells to acquire the morphological changes to migrate out from the tumor core have not been fully characterized. Here, we show that EGF is able to induce the expression of ODZ1 in primary GBM cells. We analyzed the levels of the EGF receptor (EGFR) in 20 GBM primary cell lines and found expression in 19 of them by flow cytometry. We selected two cell lines that do or do not express the EGFR and found that EGFR-expressing cells responded to the EGF ligand by increasing ODZ1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, blockade of EGF-EGFR binding by Cetuximab, inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway, or Additionally, the siRNA-mediated knockdown of MAPK11 (p38β MAPK) reduced the induction of ODZ1 in response to EGF. Overall, we show that EGF may activate an EGFR-mediated signaling pathway through p38β MAPK, to upregulate the invasion factor ODZ1, which may initiate morphological changes for tumor cells to invade the surrounding parenchyma. These data identify a new candidate of the EGF-EGFR pathway for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velasquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (O.G.); (M.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Olga Gutierrez
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (O.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Carcelen
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (O.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Jose L. Fernandez-Luna
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (O.G.); (M.C.)
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Harris ZM, Sun Y, Joerns J, Clark B, Hu B, Korde A, Sharma L, Shin HJ, Manning EP, Placek L, Unutmaz D, Stanley G, Chun H, Sauler M, Rajagopalan G, Zhang X, Kang MJ, Koff JL. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition Is Protective in Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9518592. [PMID: 36193076 PMCID: PMC9526641 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9518592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims Studies have linked severe hyperoxia, or prolonged exposure to very high oxygen levels, with worse clinical outcomes. This study investigated the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in hyperoxia-induced lung injury at very high oxygen levels (>95%). Results Effects of severe hyperoxia (100% oxygen) were studied in mice with genetically inhibited EGFR and wild-type littermates. Despite the established role of EGFR in lung repair, EGFR inhibition led to improved survival and reduced acute lung injury, which prompted an investigation into this protective mechanism. Endothelial EGFR genetic knockout did not confer protection. EGFR inhibition led to decreased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) and decreased terminal dUTP nick end labeling- (TUNEL-) positive staining in alveolar epithelial cells and reduced ERK activation, which suggested reduced apoptosis in vivo. EGFR inhibition decreased hyperoxia (95%)-induced apoptosis and ERK in murine alveolar epithelial cells in vitro, and CRISPR-mediated EGFR deletion reduced hyperoxia-induced apoptosis and ERK in human alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. Innovation. This work defines a protective role of EGFR inhibition to decrease apoptosis in lung injury induced by 100% oxygen. This further characterizes the complex role of EGFR in acute lung injury and outlines a novel hyperoxia-induced cell death pathway that warrants further study. Conclusion In conditions of severe hyperoxia (>95% for >24 h), EGFR inhibition led to improved survival, decreased lung injury, and reduced cell death. These findings further elucidate the complex role of EGFR in acute lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Harris
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Ying Sun
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - John Joerns
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 75390
| | - Brian Clark
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Buqu Hu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Asawari Korde
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Hyeon Jun Shin
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Edward P. Manning
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lindsey Placek
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Gail Stanley
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Hyung Chun
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Maor Sauler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Govindarajan Rajagopalan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| | - Jonathan L. Koff
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06510
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmad US, Parkinson EK, Wan H. Desmoglein-3 induces YAP phosphorylation and inactivation during collective migration of oral carcinoma cells. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:1625-1649. [PMID: 35000271 PMCID: PMC9019900 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the Hippo-YAP pathway are potential targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) therapy, but heterogeneity in this pathway could be responsible for therapeutic resistance. We analysed the Hippo-YAP signatures in a cohort of characterised keratinocyte cell lines derived from the mouth floor and buccal mucosa from different stages of OSCC tumour progression and focused on the specific role of YAP on invasive and metastatic potential. We confirmed heterogeneity in the Hippo-YAP pathway in OSCC lines, including overexpression of YAP1, WWTR1 (often referred to as TAZ) and the major Hippo signalling components, as well as the variations in the genes encoding the intercellular anchoring junctional proteins, which could potentially regulate the Hippo pathway. Specifically, desmoglein-3 (DSG3) exhibits a unique and mutually exclusive regulation of YAP via YAP phosphorylation during the collective migration of OSCC cells. Mechanistically, such regulation is associated with inhibition of phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (S695/Y1086) and its downstream effectors heat shock protein beta-1 (Hsp27) (S78/S82) and transcription factor AP-1 (c-Jun) (S63), leading to YAP phosphorylation coupled with its cytoplasmic translocation and inactivation. Additionally, OSCC lines display distinct phenotypes of YAP dependency or a mixed YAP and TAZ dependency for cell migration, and present distinct patterns in YAP abundance and activity, with the latter being associated with YAP nuclear localisation. In conclusion, this study has provided evidence for a newly identified paradigm in the Hippo-YAP pathway and suggests a new regulation mechanism involved in the control of collective migration in OSCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts and The London, London, UK
| | - Eric Kenneth Parkinson
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts and The London, London, UK
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts and The London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang F, Chen WY, Ma J, He XL, Wang JW. Paradoxical role of interleukin-33/suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 in colorectal carcinogenesis: Progress and therapeutic potential. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:23-34. [PMID: 35071502 PMCID: PMC8727260 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is presently the second most prevalent global mortality-inducing cancer. CRC carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process involving internal genetic mutations and the external environment. In addition, non-neoplastic cell activities within tumor microenvironments for CRC development have been established. However, interleukin (IL)-33, secreted by such cell types, plays a pivotal role in cancer progression due to interaction with cellular constituents within the tumor-inflammation microenvironment. IL-33 belongs to the IL-1 cytokine family and acts as binding attachments for the suppressor of tumorigenicity (ST)2 receptor. Therefore, how to coordinate tumor microenvironment, design and optimize treatment strategies suitable for CRC, based on IL-33/ST2 signal is a challenge. Even though it has established influences upon immunity-linked conditions, IL-33 effects on CRC progression and prevention and related mechanisms are still controversial. Our review depicts controversial activities for IL-33/ST2 within carcinogenesis and cancer prevention. Moreover, IL-33/ST2 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Lei He
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu CY, Cham CM, Chang EB. Epithelial wound healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: the next therapeutic frontier. Transl Res 2021; 236:35-51. [PMID: 34126257 PMCID: PMC8380699 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with one of the many chronic inflammatory disorders broadly classified as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) now have a diverse set of immunomodulatory therapies at their disposal. Despite these recent medical advances, complete sustained remission of disease remains elusive for most patients. The full healing of the damaged intestinal mucosa is the primary goal of all therapies. Achieving this requires not just a reduction of the aberrant immunological response, but also wound healing of the epithelium. No currently approved therapy directly targets the epithelium. Epithelial repair is compromised in IBD and normally facilitates re-establishment of the homeostatic barrier between the host and the microbiome. In this review, we summarize the evidence that epithelial wound healing represents an important yet underdeveloped therapeutic modality for IBD. We highlight 3 general approaches that are promising for developing a new class of epithelium-targeted therapies: epithelial stem cells, cytokines, and microbiome engineering. We also provide a frank discussion of some of the challenges that must be overcome for epithelial repair to be therapeutically leveraged. A concerted approach by the field to develop new therapies targeting epithelial wound healing will offer patients a game-changing, complementary class of medications and could dramatically improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cambrian Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Candace M Cham
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Phytoglycoprotein isolated from Dioscorea batatas Decne promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:738-748. [PMID: 33039053 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dioscorea batatas Decne (DBD) has been used to heal various illnesses of the kidney and intestine as an herbal medicine in Asia. As a source of therapeutic agents, many glycoproteins have been isolated from mushrooms and plants, but the functional role of glycoprotein in intestinal epithelial wound healing has not been understood yet. In the present study, we investigated the wound healing potentials of the 30 kDa glycoprotein (DBD glycoprotein) isolated from DBD in human intestinal epithelial (INT-407) cells. We found that DBD glycoprotein (100 μg·mL-1) significantly increased the motility of INT-407 cells for 24 h by activating protein kinase C (PKC). DBD glycoprotein stimulated the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is responsible for the phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα). DBD glycoprotein increased the level of profilin-1 (PFN1), α-actinin and F-actin expression via activation of transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) during its promotion of cell migration. Experimental mouse colitis was induced by adding dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to the drinking water at a concentration of 4% (W/V) for 7 days. We figured out that administration of DBD glycoprotein (10 and 20 mg·kg-1) lowers the levels of disease activity index and histological inflammation in DSS-treated ICR mice. In this regard, we suggest that DBD glycoprotein has ability to promote the F-actin-related migration signaling events via activation of PKC and NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cells and prevent inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
10
|
Barnett AM, Mullaney JA, Hendriks C, Le Borgne L, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Porcine colonoids and enteroids keep the memory of their origin during regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C794-C805. [PMID: 33760661 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00420.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of alternative in vitro culture methods has increased in the last decade as three-dimensional organoids of various tissues, including those of the small and large intestines. Due to their multicellular composition, organoids offer advantages over traditionally used immortalized or primary cell lines. However, organoids must be accurate models of their tissues of origin. This study compared gene expression profiles with respect to markers of specific cell types (stem cells, enterocytes, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells) and barrier maturation (tight junctions) of colonoid and enteroid cultures with their tissues of origin and colonoids with enteroids. Colonoids derived from three healthy pigs formed multilobed structures with a monolayer of cells similar to the crypt structures in colonic tissue. Colonoid and enteroid gene expression signatures were more similar to those found for the tissues of their origin than to each other. However, relative to their derived tissues, organoids had increased gene expression levels of stem cell markers Sox9 and Lgr5 encoding sex-determining region Y-box 9 and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled rector 5, respectively. In contrast, expression levels of Occl and Zo1 encoding occludin and zonula occludens 1, respectively, were decreased. Expression levels of the cell lineage markers Atoh1, Cga, and Muc2 encoding atonal homolog 1, chromogranin A, and mucin 2, respectively, were decreased in colonoids, whereas Sglt1 and Apn encoding sodium-glucose transporter 1 and aminopeptidase A, respectively, were decreased in enteroids. These results indicate colonoid and enteroid cultures were predominantly comprised of undifferentiated cell types with decreased barrier maturation relative to their tissues of origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Barnett
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane A Mullaney
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Hendriks
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Le Borgne
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Nutrition, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Z, Zou J, Shi Z, Zhang B, Etienne-Mesmin L, Wang Y, Shi X, Shao F, Chassaing B, Gewirtz AT. IL-22-induced cell extrusion and IL-18-induced cell death prevent and cure rotavirus infection. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eabd2876. [PMID: 33008915 PMCID: PMC7709835 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial flagellin can elicit production of TLR5-mediated IL-22 and NLRC4-mediated IL-18 cytokines that act in concert to cure and prevent rotavirus (RV) infection. This study investigated the mechanism by which these cytokines act to impede RV. Although IL-18 and IL-22 induce each other's expression, we found that IL-18 and IL-22 both impeded RV independently of one another and did so by distinct mechanisms that involved activation of their cognate receptors in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). IL-22 drove IEC proliferation and migration toward villus tips, which resulted in increased extrusion of highly differentiated IEC that serve as the site of RV replication. In contrast, IL-18 induced cell death of RV-infected IEC thus directly interrupting the RV replication cycle, resulting in spewing of incompetent virus into the intestinal lumen and causing a rapid drop in the number of RV-infected IEC. Together, these actions resulted in rapid and complete expulsion of RV, even in hosts with severely compromised immune systems. These results suggest that a cocktail of IL-18 and IL-22 might be a means of treating viral infections that preferentially target short-lived epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jun Zou
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Zhenda Shi
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Benyue Zhang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yanling Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Xuyan Shi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
- INSERM, U1016, team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases," Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang L, Yin P, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xia Z. Protective effects of L-arginine on the intestinal epithelial barrier under heat stress conditions in rats and IEC-6 cell line. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:385-396. [PMID: 31709652 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) and the associated restricted blood flow to the intestine have been proven to destroy intestinal integrity. Considering the beneficial properties of L-arginine on gut function, we investigated the protective effects of L-arginine on the intestine under HS conditions. In vivo, the serum cortisol level and the rectal temperature increased in response to HS. Under HS, the intestinal damage showed obvious morphological changes. Furthermore, HS decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nurr1, ZO-1, occludin, claudin-6 and E-cadherin, increased the mRNA expression of NF-κB and IL-1β, and increased the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3. In contrast, L-arginine supplementation maintained intestinal integrity and increased the villus/crypt ratio. L-arginine also suppressed the expression of inflammation-related genes and the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3, whereas it upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins and LC3B protein expression. In vitro, L-arginine attenuated HS-induced apoptosis as demonstrated by flow cytometry and decreased cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. L-arginine induced autophagy, which was demonstrated by decreased expression of p62 and p-mTOR/mTOR, and increased expression of LC3B. The protein expression levels of TJ proteins also enhanced by L-arginine in IEC-6 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that L-arginine can alleviate intestinal damage and protect the intestinal integrity by suppressing local inflammation response, promoting the production of TJs and facilitating autophagy under HS conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uwada J, Yazawa T, Nakazawa H, Mikami D, Krug SM, Fromm M, Sada K, Muramatsu I, Taniguchi T. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) contributes to phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and suppression of TNF-α signalling in the intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109358. [PMID: 31295519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Calcium influx via store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) has an important role for regulation of vast majority of cellular physiological events. MAPK signalling is also another pivotal modulator of many cellular functions. However, the relationship between SOCE and MAPK is not well understood. In this study, we elucidated the involvement of SOCE in Gαq/11 protein-mediated activation of p38 MAPK in an intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29/B6. In this cell line, we previously showed that the stimulation of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3-mAChR) but not histamine H1 receptor (H1R) led to phosphorylation of p38 MAPK which suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB signalling through ADAM17 protease-mediated shedding of TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1). First, we found that stimulation of M3-mAChR and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) but not H1R induced persistent upregulation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration through SOCE. Activation of M3-mAChR or PAR-2 also suppressed TNF-α-induced NF-κB phosphorylation, which was dependent on the p38 MAPK activity. Time course experiments revealed that M3-mAChR stimulation evoked intracellular Ca2+-dependent early phase p38 MAPK phosphorylation and extracellular Ca2+-dependent later phase p38 MAPK phosphorylation. This later phase p38 MAPK phosphorylation, evoked by M3-mAChRs or PAR-2, was abolished by inhibition of SOCE. Thapsigargin or ionomycin also phosphorylate p38 MAPK by Ca2+ influx through SOCE, leading to suppression of TNF-α-induced NF-κB phosphorylation. Finally, we showed that p38 MAPK was essential for thapsigargin-induced cleavage of TNFR1 and suppression of TNF-α-induced NF-κB phosphorylation. In conclusion, SOCE is important for p38 MAPK phosphorylation and is involved in TNF-α signalling suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junsuke Uwada
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakazawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mikami
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fromm
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- Department of Genome Science and Microbiology, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeglinski MR, Turner CT, Zeng R, Schwartz C, Santacruz S, Pawluk MA, Zhao H, Chan AWH, Carlsten C, Granville DJ. Soluble Wood Smoke Extract Promotes Barrier Dysfunction in Alveolar Epithelial Cells through a MAPK Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10027. [PMID: 31296909 PMCID: PMC6624307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildfire smoke induces acute pulmonary distress and is of particular concern to risk groups such as the sick and elderly. Wood smoke (WS) contains many of the same toxic compounds as those found in cigarette smoke (CS) including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and free radicals. CS is a well-established risk factor for respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. Limited studies investigating the biological effects of WS on the airway epithelium have been performed. Using a cell culture-based model, we assessed the effects of a WS-infused solution on alveolar epithelial barrier function, cell migration, and survival. The average geometric mean of particles in the WS was 178 nm. GC/MS analysis of the WS solution identified phenolic and cellulosic compounds. WS exposure resulted in a significant reduction in barrier function, which peaked after 24 hours of continuous exposure. The junctional protein E-cadherin showed a prominent reduction in response to increasing concentrations of WS. Furthermore, WS significantly repressed cell migration following injury to the cell monolayer. There was no difference in cell viability following WS exposure. Mechanistically, WS exposure induced activation of the p44/42, but not p38, MAPK signaling pathway, and inhibition of p44/42 phosphorylation prevented the disruption of barrier function and loss of E-cadherin staining. Thus, WS may contribute to the breakdown of alveolar structure and function through a p44/42 MAPK-dependent pathway and may lead to the development and/or exacerbation of respiratory pathologies with chronic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carley Schwartz
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Santacruz
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan A Pawluk
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Engevik KA, Hanyu H, Matthis AL, Zhang T, Frey MR, Oshima Y, Aihara E, Montrose MH. Trefoil factor 2 activation of CXCR4 requires calcium mobilization to drive epithelial repair in gastric organoids. J Physiol 2019; 597:2673-2690. [PMID: 30912855 PMCID: PMC6826237 DOI: 10.1113/jp277259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Determining the signalling cascade of epithelial repair, using murine gastric organoids, allows definition of regulatory processes intrinsic to epithelial cells, at the same time as validating and dissecting the signalling cascade with more precision than is possible in vivo Following single cell damage, intracellular calcium selectively increases within cells adjacent to the damage site and is essential for promoting repair. Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) acts via chemokine C-X-C receptor 4 and epidermal growth factor receptor signalling, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, to drive calcium mobilization and promote gastric repair. Sodium hydrogen exchanger 2, although essential for repair, acts downstream of TFF2 and calcium mobilization. ABSTRACT The gastric mucosa of the stomach is continually exposed to environmental and physiological stress factors that can cause local epithelial damage. Although much is known about the complex nature of gastric wound repair, the stepwise process that characterizes epithelial restitution remains poorly defined. The present study aimed to determine the effectors that drive gastric epithelial repair using a reductionist culture model. To determine the role of trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) and intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) mobilization in gastric restitution, gastric organoids were derived from TFF2 knockout (KO) mice and yellow Cameleon-Nano15 (fluorescent calcium reporter) transgenic mice, respectively. Inhibitors and recombinant protein were used to determine the upstream and downstream effectors of gastric restitution following photodamage (PD) to single cells within the gastric organoids. Single cell PD resulted in parallel events of dead cell exfoliation and migration of intact neighbouring cells to restore a continuous epithelium in the damage site. Under normal conditions following PD, Ca2+ levels increased within neighbour migrating cells, peaking at ∼1 min, suggesting localized Ca2+ mobilization at the site of cell protrusion/migration. TFF2 KO organoids exhibit delayed repair; however, this delay can be rescued by the addition of exogenous TFF2. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 or a TFF2 receptor, chemokine C-X-C receptor 4 (CXCR4), resulted in significant delay and dampened Ca2+ mobilization. Inhibition of sodium hydrogen exchanger 2 (NHE2) caused significant delay but did not affect Ca2+ mobilization. A similar delay was observed in NHE2 KO organoids. In TFF2 KO gastric organoids, the addition of exogenous TFF2 in the presence of EGFR or CXCR4 inhibition was unable to rescue repair. The present study demonstrates that intracellular Ca2+ mobilization occurs within gastric epithelial cells adjacent to the damage site to promote repair by mechanisms that involve TFF2 signalling via CXCR4, as well as activation of EGFR and ERK1/2. Furthermore NHE2 is shown to be important for efficient repair and to operate via a mechanism either downstream or independent of calcium mobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A. Engevik
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Hikaru Hanyu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Andrea L. Matthis
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Tongli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Mark R. Frey
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Yusuke Oshima
- Biomedical Optics LabGraduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku UniversityMiyagiJapan
| | - Eitaro Aihara
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Marshall H. Montrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Quirós M, Nusrat A. Contribution of Wound-Associated Cells and Mediators in Orchestrating Gastrointestinal Mucosal Wound Repair. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 81:189-209. [PMID: 30354933 PMCID: PMC7871200 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosa, structurally formed by the epithelium and lamina propria, serves as a selective barrier that separates luminal contents from the underlying tissues. Gastrointestinal mucosal wound repair is orchestrated by a series of spatial and temporal events that involve the epithelium, recruited immune cells, resident stromal cells, and the microbiota present in the wound bed. Upon injury, repair of the gastrointestinal barrier is mediated by collective migration, proliferation, and subsequent differentiation of epithelial cells. Epithelial repair is intimately regulated by a number of wound-associated cells that include immune cells and stromal cells in addition to mediators released by luminal microbiota. The highly regulated interaction of these cell types is perturbed in chronic inflammatory diseases that are associated with impaired wound healing. An improved understanding of prorepair mechanisms in the gastrointestinal mucosa will aid in the development of novel therapeutics that promote mucosal healing and reestablish the critical epithelial barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quirós
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ungewiß H, Rötzer V, Meir M, Fey C, Diefenbacher M, Schlegel N, Waschke J. Dsg2 via Src-mediated transactivation shapes EGFR signaling towards cell adhesion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4251-4268. [PMID: 29980799 PMCID: PMC11105603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly renewing epithelial tissues such as the intestinal epithelium require precise tuning of intercellular adhesion and proliferation to preserve barrier integrity. Here, we provide evidence that desmoglein 2 (Dsg2), an adhesion molecule of desmosomes, controls cell adhesion and proliferation via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Dsg2 is required for EGFR localization at intercellular junctions as well as for Src-mediated EGFR activation. Src binds to EGFR and is required for localization of EGFR and Dsg2 to cell-cell contacts. EGFR is critical for cell adhesion and barrier recovery. In line with this, Dsg2-deficient enterocytes display impaired barrier properties and increased cell proliferation. Mechanistically, Dsg2 directly interacts with EGFR and undergoes heterotypic-binding events on the surface of living enterocytes via its extracellular domain as revealed by atomic force microscopy. Thus, our study reveals a new mechanism by which Dsg2 via Src shapes EGFR function towards cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ungewiß
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Rötzer
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Meir
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Fey
- Department for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen F, Yang W, Huang X, Cao AT, Bilotta AJ, Xiao Y, Sun M, Chen L, Ma C, Liu X, Liu CG, Yao S, Dann SM, Liu Z, Cong Y. Neutrophils Promote Amphiregulin Production in Intestinal Epithelial Cells through TGF-β and Contribute to Intestinal Homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2492-2501. [PMID: 30171165 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first responders to sites of inflammation when the intestinal epithelial barrier is breached and the gut microbiota invade. Despite current efforts in understanding the role of neutrophils in intestinal homeostasis, the complex interactions between neutrophils and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is still not well characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that neutrophils enhanced production of amphiregulin (AREG), a member of the EGFR ligand family, by IECs, which promoted IEC barrier function and tissue repair. Depletion of neutrophils resulted in more severe colitis in mice because of decreased AREG production by IECs upon dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) insult. Administration of AREG restored epithelial barrier function and ameliorated colitis. Furthermore, neutrophil-derived TGF-β promoted AREG production by IECs. Mechanistically, TGF-β activated MEK1/2 signaling, and inhibition of MEK1/2 abrogated TGF-β-induced AREG production by IECs. Collectively, these findings reveal that neutrophils play an important role in the maintenance of IEC barrier function and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feidi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiangsheng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Anthony T Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Anthony J Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77230
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77230
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Sara M Dann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dubé PE, Liu CY, Girish N, Washington MK, Polk DB. Pharmacological activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling inhibits colitis-associated cancer in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9119. [PMID: 29904166 PMCID: PMC6002410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) target the overactive immune response of the intestinal mucosa. However, epidermal growth factor (EGF), an activating ligand of the EGF receptor (EGFR), has been shown to induce disease remission through direct targeting of intestinal mucosal healing. Despite promising preclinical and clinical results, this EGFR-activating therapy has not progressed, in part due to the potential for carcinogenesis associated with long-term use and the increased risk of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in IBD. Here we tested whether pharmacological modulation of EGFR altered outcomes of CAC in the murine azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model. We found that administering EGF during the period of maximum colitis severity ("early"), coincident with the initiation and early promotion of tumors, improved outcomes of colitis and reduced tumor size. In contrast, daily EGF administration beginning ~2 months after tumor initiation ("late") increased tumor size. Administration of the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib increased the tumor size when the drug was given early and decreased the tumor size when the drug was administered late. EGF administration not only reduced colonic cytokine and chemokine expression during injury, but also baseline chemokine expression in homeostasis. These results suggest that EGFR activation during acute bouts of colitis may reduce the long-term burden of CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Dubé
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Taconic Biosciences, Hudson, NY, USA
| | - Cambrian Y Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nandini Girish
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mahe M, Dufour F, Neyret-Kahn H, Moreno-Vega A, Beraud C, Shi M, Hamaidi I, Sanchez-Quiles V, Krucker C, Dorland-Galliot M, Chapeaublanc E, Nicolle R, Lang H, Pouponnot C, Massfelder T, Radvanyi F, Bernard-Pierrot I. An FGFR3/MYC positive feedback loop provides new opportunities for targeted therapies in bladder cancers. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8163. [PMID: 29463565 PMCID: PMC5887543 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFR3 alterations (mutations or translocation) are among the most frequent genetic events in bladder carcinoma. They lead to an aberrant activation of FGFR3 signaling, conferring an oncogenic dependence, which we studied here. We discovered a positive feedback loop, in which the activation of p38 and AKT downstream from the altered FGFR3 upregulates MYC mRNA levels and stabilizes MYC protein, respectively, leading to the accumulation of MYC, which directly upregulates FGFR3 expression by binding to active enhancers upstream from FGFR3 Disruption of this FGFR3/MYC loop in bladder cancer cell lines by treatment with FGFR3, p38, AKT, or BET bromodomain inhibitors (JQ1) preventing MYC transcription decreased cell viability in vitro and tumor growth in vivo A relevance of this loop to human bladder tumors was supported by the positive correlation between FGFR3 and MYC levels in tumors bearing FGFR3 mutations, and the decrease in FGFR3 and MYC levels following anti-FGFR treatment in a PDX model bearing an FGFR3 mutation. These findings open up new possibilities for the treatment of bladder tumors displaying aberrant FGFR3 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Mahe
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dufour
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Neyret-Kahn
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Aura Moreno-Vega
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | | | - Mingjun Shi
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Imene Hamaidi
- Department of Urology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginia Sanchez-Quiles
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Clementine Krucker
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Marion Dorland-Galliot
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Chapeaublanc
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Remy Nicolle
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lang
- Department of Urology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR3347 Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021 Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Thierry Massfelder
- INSERM UMR_S1113, Section of Cell Signalization and Communication in Kidney and Prostate Cancer, School of Medicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR144, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
El Moussawi L, Chakkour M, Kreydiyyeh SI. Epinephrine modulates Na+/K+ ATPase activity in Caco-2 cells via Src, p38MAPK, ERK and PGE2. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193139. [PMID: 29466417 PMCID: PMC5821373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epinephrine, a key stress hormone, is known to affect ion transport in the colon. Stress has been associated with alterations in colonic functions leading to changes in water movements manifested as diarrhea or constipation. Colonic water movement is driven by the Na+-gradient created by the Na+/K+-ATPase. Whether epinephrine acts via an effect on the Na+/K+-ATPase hasn’t been studied before. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of epinephrine on the Na+/K+-ATPase and to elucidate the signaling pathway involved using CaCo-2 cells as a model. The activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase was assayed by measuring the amount of inorganic phosphate released in presence and absence of ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the enzyme. Epinephrine, added for 20 minutes, decreased the activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase by around 50%. This effect was found to be mediated by α2 adrenergic receptors as it was fully abolished in the presence of yohimbine an α2-blocker, but persisted in presence of other adrenergic antagonists. Furthermore, treatment with Rp-cAMP, a PKA inhibitor, mimicked epinephrine’s negative effect and didn’t result in any additional inhibition when both were added simultaneously. Treatment with indomethacin, PP2, SB202190, and PD98059, respective inhibitors of COX enzymes, Src, p38MAPK, and ERK completely abrogated the effect of epinephrine. The effect of epinephrine did not appear also in presence of inhibitors of all four different types of PGE2 receptors. Western blot analysis revealed an epinephrine-induced increase in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK that disappeared in presence of respectively PP2 and SB2020190. In addition, an inhibitory effect, similar to that of epinephrine’s, was observed upon incubation with PGE2. It was concluded that epinephrine inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase by the sequential activation of α2 adrenergic receptors, Src, p38MAPK, and ERK leading to PGE2 release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla El Moussawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Chakkour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sawsan I. Kreydiyyeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Deng W, Zhang Y, Sun S, Zhao S, Chen Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Du J. MICAL2 promotes breast cancer cell migration by maintaining epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stability and EGFR/P38 signalling activation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28719045 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM MICAL2, a cytoskeleton dynamics regulator, is identified associated with survival and metastasis of several types of cancers recently. This study was designed to investigate the role of MICAL2 in breast cancer cell migration as well as its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The relationship between MICAL2 and EGF/EGFR signalling was analysed by gene overexpression and knock-down techniques. Cell migration was measured by wound-healing assays. Activation of EGF/EGFR signalling pathways were evaluated by immunofluorescence, qPCR, Western blotting and zymography techniques. Rac1 activity was assessed by pull-down assay. Correlation of MICAL2 and EGFR in breast cancer specimens was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Ectopic expression of MICAL2 in MCF-7 cells augmented EGFR protein level, accompanied by the promotion of cell migration. Silencing MICAL2 in MDA-MB-231 cells destabilized EGFR and inhibited cell migration. In mechanism, the maintaining effect of MICAL2 on EGFR protein content was due to a delay in EGFR degradation. Expression of MICAL2 was also shown positively correlated with the activation of P38/HSP27 and P38/MMP9 signallings, which are the main downstream signalling cascades of EGF/EGFR involved in cell migration. Further analysis indicated that Rac1 activation contributed to the maintaining effect of MICAL2 on EGFR stability. In addition, analysis of breast cancer specimens revealed a positive correlation between MICAL2 and EGFR levels and an association between MICAL2 expression and worse prognosis. CONCLUSION MICAL2 is a major regulator of breast cancer cell migration, maintaining EGFR stability and subsequent EGFR/P38 signalling activation through inhibiting EGFR degradation in a Rac1-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Deng
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Holmberg FE, Seidelin JB, Yin X, Mead BE, Tong Z, Li Y, Karp JM, Nielsen OH. Culturing human intestinal stem cells for regenerative applications in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:558-570. [PMID: 28283650 PMCID: PMC5412884 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally; in the industrialized world up to 0.5% of the population are affected and around 4.2 million individuals suffer from IBD in Europe and North America combined. Successful engraftment in experimental colitis models suggests that intestinal stem cell transplantation could constitute a novel treatment strategy to re-establish mucosal barrier function in patients with severe disease. Intestinal stem cells can be grown in vitro in organoid structures, though only a fraction of the cells contained are stem cells with regenerative capabilities. Hence, techniques to enrich stem cell populations are being pursued through the development of multiple two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture protocols, as well as co-culture techniques and multiple growth medium compositions. Moreover, research in support matrices allowing for efficient clinical application is in progress. In vitro culture is accomplished by modulating the signaling pathways fundamental for the stem cell niche with a suitable culture matrix to provide additional contact-dependent stimuli and structural support. The aim of this review was to discuss medium compositions and support matrices for optimal intestinal stem cell culture, as well as potential modifications to advance clinical use in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Eo Holmberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Mead
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixiang Tong
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ole H Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bower DV, Lansdale N, Navarro S, Truong TV, Bower DJ, Featherstone NC, Connell MG, Al Alam D, Frey MR, Trinh LA, Fernandez GE, Warburton D, Fraser SE, Bennett D, Jesudason EC. SERCA directs cell migration and branching across species and germ layers. Biol Open 2017; 6:1458-1471. [PMID: 28821490 PMCID: PMC5665464 DOI: 10.1242/bio.026039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis underlies organogenesis in vertebrates and invertebrates, yet is incompletely understood. Here, we show that the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ reuptake pump (SERCA) directs budding across germ layers and species. Clonal knockdown demonstrated a cell-autonomous role for SERCA in Drosophila air sac budding. Live imaging of Drosophila tracheogenesis revealed elevated Ca2+ levels in migratory tip cells as they form branches. SERCA blockade abolished this Ca2+ differential, aborting both cell migration and new branching. Activating protein kinase C (PKC) rescued Ca2+ in tip cells and restored cell migration and branching. Likewise, inhibiting SERCA abolished mammalian epithelial budding, PKC activation rescued budding, while morphogens did not. Mesoderm (zebrafish angiogenesis) and ectoderm (Drosophila nervous system) behaved similarly, suggesting a conserved requirement for cell-autonomous Ca2+ signaling, established by SERCA, in iterative budding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle V Bower
- Division of Biological Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland, and the Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nick Lansdale
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Division of Child Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - Sonia Navarro
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Craniofacial Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Thai V Truong
- Division of Biological Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Biological Sciences and Molecular and Computational Biology, Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Dan J Bower
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Neil C Featherstone
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Marilyn G Connell
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Denise Al Alam
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Le A Trinh
- Division of Biological Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Biological Sciences and Molecular and Computational Biology, Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - G Esteban Fernandez
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - David Warburton
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Division of Biological Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Biological Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Biological Sciences and Molecular and Computational Biology, Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Daimark Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Edwin C Jesudason
- Division of Biological Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, EH14 1TY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Human gingival fibroblast response to enamel matrix derivative, porcine recombinant 21.3-kDa amelogenin and 5.3-kDa tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide. Hum Cell 2017; 30:181-191. [PMID: 28470386 PMCID: PMC5486862 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) containing a variety of protein fractions has been used for periodontal tissue regeneration. It is suggested that the proteins contained in EMD positively influence gingival fibroblasts migration and proliferation. Effects of EMD as well as of porcine recombinated 21.3-kDa amelogenin (prAMEL) and 5.3-kDa tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (prTRAP) on human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1, ATCC; USA) cell line were investigated. Real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence system; Roche Applied Science) was performed to determine the effects of EMD, prAMEL and prTRAP (12.5–50 μg/mL) on HGF-1 cell proliferation and migration. The effect of treatment on cell cycle was determined using flow cytometry. EMD significantly increased HGF-1 cell proliferation after 24- and 48-h incubation. Individually, prAMEL and prTRAP also increased HGF-1 cell proliferation; however, the difference was significant only for prAMEL 50 µg/mL. prAMEL and TRAP significantly increased HGF-1 cell migration after 60- and 72-h incubation. Cell cycle analysis showed significant decrease of the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a buildup of cells in the S and M phase observed after EMD and prAMEL stimulation. This process was ligand and concentration-dependent. The various molecular components in the enamel matrix derivative might contribute to the reported effects on gingival tissue regeneration; however, biologic effects of prAMEL and prTRAP individually were different from that of EMD.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hudson GM, Flannigan KL, Erickson SL, Vicentini FA, Zamponi A, Hirota CL, Alston L, Altier C, Ghosh S, Rioux KP, Mani S, Chang TK, Hirota SA. Constitutive androstane receptor regulates the intestinal mucosal response to injury. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1857-1871. [PMID: 28320072 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), involves aberrant interactions between a genetically susceptible individual, their microbiota and environmental factors. Alterations in xenobiotic receptor expression and function are associated with increased risk for IBD. Here, we have assessed the role of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a xenobiotic receptor closely related to the pregnane X receptor, in the regulation of intestinal mucosal homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CAR expression was assessed in intestinal mucosal biopsies obtained from CD and UC patients, and in C57/Bl6 mice exposed to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS; 3.5% w/v in drinking water) to evoke intestinal inflammation and tissue damage. CAR-deficient mice were exposed to DSS and mucosal healing assessed. Modulation of wound healing by CAR was assessed in vitro. The therapeutic potential of CAR activation was evaluated, using 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-1,4-bis(pyridyloxy)benzene (TCPOBOP), a selective rodent CAR agonist. KEY RESULTS CAR expression was reduced in CD and UC samples, compared with expression in healthy controls. This was reproduced in our DSS studies, where CAR expression was reduced in colitic mice. CAR-deficient mice exhibited reduced healing following DSS exposure. In vitro, CAR activation accelerated intestinal epithelial wound healing by enhancing cell migration. Lastly, treating mice with TCPOBOP, following induction of colitis, enhanced mucosal healing. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results support the notion that xenobiotic sensing is altered during intestinal inflammation, and suggest that CAR activation may prove effective in enhancing mucosal healing in patients with IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Hudson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kyle L Flannigan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah L Erickson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Fernando A Vicentini
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alexandra Zamponi
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Laurie Alston
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kevin P Rioux
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine & Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thomas K Chang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Islam MS, Horiguchi K, Iino S, Kaji N, Mikawa S, Hori M, Ozaki H. Epidermal growth factor is a critical regulator of the cytokine IL-33 in intestinal epithelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2532-42. [PMID: 27300306 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE IL-33 is a novel cytokine that is believed to be involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. However, its source, its production and its secretion process remain unclear. Recently, we have reported that IL-33 is up-regulated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Production of IL-33 from intestinal tissue was studied in a murine cancer model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and DSS in vivo and in cultures of IEC-6 epithelial cells. Cytokine levels were measured by real time PCR, immunohistochemistry and elisa. KEY RESULTS Mice with AOM/DSS-induced colitis expressed all the characteristic symptoms of colon cancer pathology. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated epithelial cell-derived IL-33 in colon tissues from mice with AOM/DSS colitis. Real time PCR and quantitative PCR analysis revealed that AOM/DSS colitis tissues expressed up-regulated IL-1β, IL-33, TGF-β, and EGF mRNA. Gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, inhibited IL-33 mRNA expression in AOM/DSS colitis mice. The pathophysiological role of IL-33 in the rat intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6 cells) was then investigated. We found that EGF, but not TGF-β1 or PDGF, greatly enhanced mRNA expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2. In accordance with the gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis of IL-33 levels, elisa-based analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts showed increased IL-33 protein levels in IEC-6 cells after treatment with EGF. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that EGF is a key growth factor that increased IL-33 production and ST2 receptor expression during intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. The EGF/IL-33/ST2 axis represents a novel therapeutic target in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Islam
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Horiguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - S Iino
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - N Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Mikawa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Ozaki
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Karin M, Clevers H. Reparative inflammation takes charge of tissue regeneration. Nature 2016; 529:307-15. [PMID: 26791721 DOI: 10.1038/nature17039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation underlies many chronic and degenerative diseases, but it also mitigates infections, clears damaged cells and initiates tissue repair. Many of the mechanisms that link inflammation to damage repair and regeneration in mammals are conserved in lower organisms, indicating that it is an evolutionarily important process. Recent insights have shed light on the cellular and molecular processes through which conventional inflammatory cytokines and Wnt factors control mammalian tissue repair and regeneration. This is particularly important for regeneration in the gastrointestinal system, especially for intestine and liver tissues in which aberrant and deregulated repair results in severe pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center and Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CR Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zundler S, Caioni M, Müller M, Strauch U, Kunst C, Woelfel G. K+ Channel Inhibition Differentially Regulates Migration of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Inflamed vs. Non-Inflamed Conditions in a PI3K/Akt-Mediated Manner. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147736. [PMID: 26824610 PMCID: PMC4732808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium channels have been shown to determine wound healing in different tissues, but their role in intestinal epithelial restitution--the rapid closure of superficial wounds by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC)--remains unclear. METHODS In this study, the regulation of IEC migration by potassium channel modulation was explored with and without additional epidermal growth factor (EGF) under baseline and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-pretreated conditions in scratch assays and Boyden chamber assays using the intestinal epithelial cell lines IEC-18 and HT-29. To identify possibly involved subcellular pathways, Western Blot (WB)-analysis of ERK and Akt phosphorylation was conducted and PI3K and ERK inhibitors were used in scratch assays. Furthermore, mRNA-levels of the potassium channel KCNN4 were determined in IEC from patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). RESULTS Inhibition of Ca(2+)-dependent potassium channels significantly increased intestinal epithelial restitution, which could not be further promoted by additional EGF. In contrast, inhibition of KCNN4 after pretreatment with IFN-γ led to decreased or unaffected migration. This effect was abolished by EGF. Changes in Akt, but not in ERK phosphorylation strongly correlated with these findings and PI3K but not ERK inhibition abrogated the effect of KCNN4 inhibition. Levels of KCNN4 mRNA were higher in samples from IBD patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of KCNN4 differentially regulates IEC migration in IFN-γ-pretreated vs. non pretreated conditions. Moreover, our data propose that the PI3K signaling cascade is responsible for this differential regulation. Therefore, we present a cellular model that contributes new aspects to epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic intestinal inflammation, resulting in propagation of inflammation and symptoms like ulcers or diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Caioni
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Strauch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Kunst
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gisela Woelfel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim DH, Hwang JS, Lee IH, Nam ST, Hong J, Zhang P, Lu LF, Lee J, Seok H, Pothoulakis C, Lamont JT, Kim H. The Insect Peptide CopA3 Increases Colonic Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Mucosal Barrier Function to Prevent Inflammatory Responses in the Gut. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3209-23. [PMID: 26655716 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.682856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cells of the gut form a physical barrier against the luminal contents. The collapse of this barrier causes inflammation, and its therapeutic restoration can protect the gut against inflammation. EGF enhances mucosal barrier function and increases colonocyte proliferation, thereby ameliorating inflammatory responses in the gut. Based on our previous finding that the insect peptide CopA3 promotes neuronal growth, we herein tested whether CopA3 could increase the cell proliferation of colonocytes, enhance mucosal barrier function, and ameliorate gut inflammation. Our results revealed that CopA3 significantly increased epithelial cell proliferation in mouse colonic crypts and also enhanced colonic epithelial barrier function. Moreover, CopA3 treatment ameliorated Clostridium difficile toxin As-induced inflammation responses in the mouse small intestine (acute enteritis) and completely blocked inflammatory responses and subsequent lethality in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of chronic colitis. The marked CopA3-induced increase of colonocyte proliferation was found to require rapid protein degradation of p21(Cip1/Waf1), and an in vitro ubiquitination assay revealed that CopA3 directly facilitated ubiquitin ligase activity against p21(Cip1/Waf1). Taken together, our findings indicate that the insect peptide CopA3 prevents gut inflammation by increasing epithelial cell proliferation and mucosal barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hong Kim
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- the Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Hwan Lee
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Nam
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Fang Lu
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- the Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-ro 64, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-723, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Seok
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jungwon University, Goesan, Chungcheongbukdo, 367-700, South Korea
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- the Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and
| | - John Thomas Lamont
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ho Kim
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schall KA, Holoyda KA, Grant CN, Levin DE, Torres ER, Maxwell A, Pollack HA, Moats RA, Frey MR, Darehzereshki A, Al Alam D, Lien C, Grikscheit TC. Adult zebrafish intestine resection: a novel model of short bowel syndrome, adaptation, and intestinal stem cell regeneration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G135-45. [PMID: 26089336 PMCID: PMC4525108 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00311.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Loss of significant intestinal length from congenital anomaly or disease may lead to short bowel syndrome (SBS); intestinal failure may be partially offset by a gain in epithelial surface area, termed adaptation. Current in vivo models of SBS are costly and technically challenging. Operative times and survival rates have slowed extension to transgenic models. We created a new reproducible in vivo model of SBS in zebrafish, a tractable vertebrate model, to facilitate investigation of the mechanisms of intestinal adaptation. Proximal intestinal diversion at segment 1 (S1, equivalent to jejunum) was performed in adult male zebrafish. SBS fish emptied distal intestinal contents via stoma as in the human disease. After 2 wk, S1 was dilated compared with controls and villus ridges had increased complexity, contributing to greater villus epithelial perimeter. The number of intervillus pockets, the intestinal stem cell zone of the zebrafish increased and contained a higher number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled cells after 2 wk of SBS. Egf receptor and a subset of its ligands, also drivers of adaptation, were upregulated in SBS fish. Igf has been reported as a driver of intestinal adaptation in other animal models, and SBS fish exposed to a pharmacological inhibitor of the Igf receptor failed to demonstrate signs of intestinal adaptation, such as increased inner epithelial perimeter and BrdU incorporation. We describe a technically feasible model of human SBS in the zebrafish, a faster and less expensive tool to investigate intestinal stem cell plasticity as well as the mechanisms that drive intestinal adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Schall
- 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - K. A. Holoyda
- 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - C. N. Grant
- 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - D. E. Levin
- 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - E. R. Torres
- 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - A. Maxwell
- 2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - H. A. Pollack
- 3Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - R. A. Moats
- 3Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - M. R. Frey
- 2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,4Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - A. Darehzereshki
- 2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - D. Al Alam
- 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - C. Lien
- 2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,5Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - T. C. Grikscheit
- 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
He K, McCord MC, Hartnett KA, Aizenman E. Regulation of Pro-Apoptotic Phosphorylation of Kv2.1 K+ Channels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129498. [PMID: 26115091 PMCID: PMC4482604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase activity during apoptosis is inhibited by physiological concentrations of intracellular K+. To enable apoptosis in injured cortical and hippocampal neurons, cellular loss of this cation is facilitated by the insertion of Kv2.1 K+ channels into the plasma membrane via a Zn2+/CaMKII/SNARE-dependent process. Pro-apoptotic membrane insertion of Kv2.1 requires the dual phosphorylation of the channel by Src and p38 at cytoplasmic N- and C-terminal residues Y124 and S800, respectively. In this study, we investigate if these phosphorylation sites are mutually co-regulated, and whether putative N- and C-terminal interactions, possibly enabled by Kv2.1 intracellular cysteine residues C73 and C710, influence the phosphorylation process itself. Studies were performed with recombinant wild type and mutant Kv2.1 expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Using immunoprecipitated Kv2.1 protein and phospho-specific antibodies, we found that an intact Y124 is required for p38 phosphorylation of S800, and, importantly, that Src phosphorylation of Y124 facilitates the action of the p38 at the S800 residue. Moreover, the actions of Src on Kv2.1 are substantially decreased in the non-phosphorylatable S800A channel mutant. We also observed that mutations of either C73 or C710 residues decreased the p38 phosphorylation at S800 without influencing the actions of Src on tyrosine phosphorylation of Kv2.1. Surprisingly, however, apoptotic K+ currents were suppressed only in cells expressing the Kv2.1(C73A) mutant but not in those transfected with Kv2.1(C710A), suggesting a possible structural alteration in the C-terminal mutant that facilitates membrane insertion. These results show that intracellular N-terminal domains critically regulate phosphorylation of the C-terminal of Kv2.1, and vice versa, suggesting possible new avenues for modifying the apoptotic insertion of these channels during neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1456 BST, 3500 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States of America
| | - Meghan C. McCord
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1456 BST, 3500 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States of America
| | - Karen A. Hartnett
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1456 BST, 3500 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States of America
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1456 BST, 3500 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim YC, Gonzalez-Nieves R, Cutler ML. Rsu1 contributes to cell adhesion and spreading in MCF10A cells via effects on P38 map kinase signaling. Cell Adh Migr 2014; 9:227-32. [PMID: 25482629 PMCID: PMC4594256 DOI: 10.4161/19336918.2014.972775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ILK, PINCH, Parvin (IPP) complex regulates adhesion and migration via binding of ILK to β1 integrin and α−parvin thus linking focal adhesions to actin cytoskeleton. ILK also binds the adaptor protein PINCH which connects signaling proteins including Rsu1 to the complex. A recent study of Rsu1 and PINCH1 in non-transformed MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells revealed that the siRNA-mediated depletion of either Rsu1 or PINCH1 decreased the number of focal adhesions (FAs) and altered the distribution and localization of FA proteins. This correlated with reduced adhesion, failure to spread or migrate in response to EGF and a loss of actin stress fibers and caveolae. The depletion of Rsu1 caused significant reduction in PINCH1 implying that Rsu1 may function in part by regulating levels of PINCH1. However, Rsu1, but not PINCH1, was required for EGF-induced activation of p38 Map kinase and ATF2 phosphorylation, suggesting a Rsu1 function independent from the IPP complex. Reconstitution of Rsu1-depleted cells with a Rsu1 mutant (N92D) that does not bind to PINCH1 failed to restore FAs or migration but did promote IPP-independent spreading and constitutive as well as EGF-induced p38 activation. In this commentary we discuss p38 activity in adhesion and how Rsu1 expression may be linked to Map kinase kinase (MKK) activation and detachment-induced stress kinase signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chul Kim
- a Department of Pathology; F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine ; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences ; Bethesda , MD USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Technological advances in the large scale analysis of human genetics have generated profound insights into possible genetic contributions to chronic diseases including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. To date, 163 distinct genetic risk loci have been associated with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, with a substantial degree of genetic overlap between these 2 conditions. Although many risk variants show a reproducible correlation with disease, individual gene associations only affect a subset of patients, and the functional contribution(s) of these risk variants to the onset of IBD is largely undetermined. Although studies in twins have demonstrated that the development of IBD is not mediated solely by genetic risk, it is nevertheless important to elucidate the functional consequences of risk variants for gene function in relevant cell types known to regulate key physiological processes that are compromised in IBD. This article will discuss IBD candidate genes that are known to be, or are suspected of being, involved in regulating the intestinal epithelial barrier and several of the physiological processes presided over by this dynamic and versatile layer of cells. This will include assembly and regulation of tight junctions, cell adhesion and polarity, mucus and glycoprotein regulation, bacterial sensing, membrane transport, epithelial differentiation, and restitution.
Collapse
|
35
|
Moussavou G, Kwak DH, Lim MU, Kim JS, Kim SU, Chang KT, Choo YK. Role of gangliosides in the differentiation of human mesenchymal-derived stem cells into osteoblasts and neuronal cells. BMB Rep 2014; 46:527-32. [PMID: 24152915 PMCID: PMC4133840 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.11.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are complex glycosphingolipids that are the major component of cytoplasmic cell membranes, and play a role in the control of biological processes. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have received considerable attention as alternative sources of adult stem cells because of their potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. In this study, we focus on various functional roles of gangliosides in the differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts or neuronal cells. A relationship between gangliosides and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation during osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs was observed, and the gangliosides may play a major role in the regulation of the differentiation. The roles of gangliosides in osteoblast differentiation are dependent on the origin of hMSCs. The reduction of ganglioside biosynthesis inhibited the neuronal differentiation of hMSCs during an early stage of the differentiation process, and the ganglioside expression can be used as a marker for the identification of neuronal differentiation from hMSCs. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(11): 527-532]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain Moussavou
- Department of Biological Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
In vivo studies: comparing the administration via and the impact on the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:772-4. [PMID: 25027865 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of in vivo assay to determine the biodistribution and subsequent inter-comparison with human parameters has been used since the dawn of science. The use of this type of test admits the metabolic equity among animals for inter-comparison. Thus, the use of Wistar rats in particular is quite frequent. Regarding routes of administration, there are three ways to test priority: jugular vein, intraocular (eye plexus) and caudal; there is a consensus that these three pathways behave in the same way, or at least very similar. Biodistribution studies of drugs, especially radiopharmaceuticals, have been using randomly any of these pathways believed to be effective in their likeness without worrying about your real analytic equity. In this study, we performed in vivo assay in 8 Wistar rats using 99mTc -labeled Herceptin to review the route of administration on the biodistribution result. Thus, four mice were injected via the intraocular (eye plexus), and four were injected via tail (caudal plexus). The results were quite disparate and call the attention of the scientific community to reassess the protocols for animal experiments, in order to have uniformity and fairness between the data and may represent a test for human inter-comparison of more reliable and trustworthy way.
Collapse
|
37
|
Parlato M, Yeretssian G. NOD-like receptors in intestinal homeostasis and epithelial tissue repair. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9594-627. [PMID: 24886810 PMCID: PMC4100112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium constitutes a dynamic physical barrier segregating the luminal content from the underlying mucosal tissue. Following injury, the epithelial integrity is restored by rapid migration of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) across the denuded area in a process known as wound healing. Hence, through a sequence of events involving restitution, proliferation and differentiation of IECs the gap is resealed and homeostasis reestablished. Relapsing damage followed by healing of the inflamed mucosa is a hallmark of several intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). While several regulatory peptides, growth factors and cytokines stimulate restitution of the epithelial layer after injury, recent evidence in the field underscores the contribution of innate immunity in controlling this process. In particular, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) play critical roles in sensing the commensal microbiota, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating intestinal inflammation. Here, we review the process of intestinal epithelial tissue repair and we specifically focus on the impact of NLR-mediated signaling mechanisms involved in governing epithelial wound healing during disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Parlato
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Garabet Yeretssian
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
El-Sayed FG, Camden JM, Woods LT, Khalafalla MG, Petris MJ, Erb L, Weisman GA. P2Y2 nucleotide receptor activation enhances the aggregation and self-organization of dispersed salivary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C83-96. [PMID: 24760984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00380.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyposalivation resulting from salivary gland dysfunction leads to poor oral health and greatly reduces the quality of life of patients. Current treatments for hyposalivation are limited. However, regenerative medicine to replace dysfunctional salivary glands represents a revolutionary approach. The ability of dispersed salivary epithelial cells or salivary gland-derived progenitor cells to self-organize into acinar-like spheres or branching structures that mimic the native tissue holds promise for cell-based reconstitution of a functional salivary gland. However, the mechanisms involved in salivary epithelial cell aggregation and tissue reconstitution are not fully understood. This study investigated the role of the P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R), a G protein-coupled receptor that is upregulated following salivary gland damage and disease, in salivary gland reconstitution. In vitro results with the rat parotid acinar Par-C10 cell line indicate that P2Y2R activation with the selective agonist UTP enhances the self-organization of dispersed salivary epithelial cells into acinar-like spheres. Other results indicate that the P2Y2R-mediated response is dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor activation via the metalloproteases ADAM10/ADAM17 or the α5β1 integrin/Cdc42 signaling pathway, which leads to activation of the MAPKs JNK and ERK1/2. Ex vivo data using primary submandibular gland cells from wild-type and P2Y2R(-/-) mice confirmed that UTP-induced migratory responses required for acinar cell self-organization are mediated by the P2Y2R. Overall, this study suggests that the P2Y2R is a promising target for salivary gland reconstitution and identifies the involvement of two novel components of the P2Y2R signaling cascade in salivary epithelial cells, the α5β1 integrin and the Rho GTPase Cdc42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid G El-Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jean M Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mahmoud G Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Laurie Erb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cadamuro ACT, Rossi AFT, Maniezzo NM, Silva AE. Helicobacter pylori infection: host immune response, implications on gene expression and microRNAs. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1424-37. [PMID: 24587619 PMCID: PMC3925852 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common bacterial infection worldwide. Persistent infection of the gastric mucosa leads to inflammatory processes and may remain silent for decades or progress causing more severe diseases, such as gastric adenocarcinoma. The clinical consequences of H. pylori infection are determined by multiple factors, including host genetic predisposition, gene regulation, environmental factors and heterogeneity of H. pylori virulence factors. After decades of studies of this successful relationship between pathogen and human host, various mechanisms have been elucidated. In this review, we have made an introduction on H. pylori infection and its virulence factors, and focused mainly on modulation of host immune response triggered by bacteria, changes in the pattern of gene expression in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa, with activation of gene transcription involved in defense mechanisms, inflammatory and immunological response, cell proliferation and apoptosis. We also highlighted the role of bacteria eradication on gene expression levels. In addition, we addressed the recent involvement of different microRNAs in precancerous lesions, gastric cancer, and inflammatory processes induced by bacteria. New discoveries in this field may allow a better understanding of the role of major factors involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori.
Collapse
|
40
|
Terc J, Hansen A, Alston L, Hirota SA. Pregnane X receptor agonists enhance intestinal epithelial wound healing and repair of the intestinal barrier following the induction of experimental colitis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 55:12-9. [PMID: 24486481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier plays a key role in the maintenance of homeostasis within the gastrointestinal tract. Barrier dysfunction leading to increased epithelial permeability is associated with a number of gastrointestinal disorders including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It is thought that the increased permeability in patients with IBD may be driven by alterations in the epithelial wound healing response. To this end considerable study has been undertaken to identify signaling pathways that may accelerate intestinal epithelial wound healing and normalize the barrier dysfunction observed in IBD. In the current study we examined the role of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) in modulating the intestinal epithelial wound healing response. Mutations and reduced mucosal expression of the PXR are associated with IBD, and others have reported that PXR agonists can dampen intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, stimulation of the PXR has been associated with increased cell migration and proliferation, two of the key processes involved in wound healing. We hypothesized that PXR agonists would enhance intestinal epithelial repair. Stimulation of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells with rifaximin, rifampicin and SR12813, all potent agonists of the PXR, significantly increased wound closure. This effect was driven by p38 MAP kinase-dependent cell migration, and occurred in the absence of cell proliferation. Treating mice with a rodent specific PXR agonist, pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), attenuated the intestinal barrier dysfunction observed in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model of experimental colitis, an effect that occurred independent of the known anti-inflammatory effects of PCN. Taken together our data indicate that the activation of the PXR can enhance intestinal epithelial repair and suggest that targeting the PXR may help to normalize intestinal barrier dysfunction observed in patients with IBD. Furthermore, our data provide additional insight into the potential mechanisms through which rifaximin elicits its clinical efficacy in the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Terc
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Health Sciences Room 1802, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada; Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Health Sciences Room 1802, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Hansen
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Health Sciences Room 1802, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada; Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Health Sciences Room 1802, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Laurie Alston
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Health Sciences Room 1802, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada; Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Health Sciences Room 1802, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Health Sciences Room 1802, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada; Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Health Sciences Room 1802, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Son JE, Hwang MK, Lee E, Seo SG, Kim JE, Jung SK, Kim JR, Ahn GH, Lee KW, Lee HJ. Persimmon peel extract attenuates PDGF-BB-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration and invasion through inhibition of c-Src activity. Food Chem 2013; 141:3309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
42
|
Frank SB, Miranti CK. Disruption of prostate epithelial differentiation pathways and prostate cancer development. Front Oncol 2013; 3:273. [PMID: 24199173 PMCID: PMC3813973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the foremost problems in the prostate cancer (PCa) field is the inability to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease, which leads to difficult prognoses and thousands of unnecessary surgeries. This limitation stems from the fact that the mechanisms of tumorigenesis in the prostate are poorly understood. Some genetic alterations are commonly reported in prostate tumors, including upregulation of Myc, fusion of Ets genes to androgen-regulated promoters, and loss of Pten. However, the specific roles of these aberrations in tumor initiation and progression are poorly understood. Likewise, the cell of origin for PCa remains controversial and may be linked to the aggressive potential of the tumor. One important clue is that prostate tumors co-express basal and luminal protein markers that are restricted to their distinct cell types in normal tissue. Prostate epithelium contains layer-specific stem cells as well as rare bipotent cells, which can differentiate into basal or luminal cells. We hypothesize that the primary oncogenic cell of origin is a transient-differentiating bipotent cell. Such a cell must maintain tight temporal and spatial control of differentiation pathways, thus increasing its susceptibility for oncogenic disruption. In support of this hypothesis, many of the pathways known to be involved in prostate differentiation can be linked to genes commonly altered in PCa. In this article, we review what is known about important differentiation pathways (Myc, p38MAPK, Notch, PI3K/Pten) in the prostate and how their misregulation could lead to oncogenesis. Better understanding of normal differentiation will offer new insights into tumor initiation and may help explain the functional significance of common genetic alterations seen in PCa. Additionally, this understanding could lead to new methods for classifying prostate tumors based on their differentiation status and may aid in identifying more aggressive tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sander B Frank
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI , USA ; Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gonzalez-Nieves R, Desantis AI, Cutler ML. Rsu1 contributes to regulation of cell adhesion and spreading by PINCH1-dependent and - independent mechanisms. J Cell Commun Signal 2013; 7:279-93. [PMID: 23765260 PMCID: PMC3889256 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-013-0207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion and migration are complex processes that require integrin activation, the formation and dissolution of focal adhesion (FAs), and linkage of actin cytoskeleton to the FAs. The IPP (ILK, PINCH, Parvin) complex regulates FA formation via binding of the adaptor protein ILK to β1 integrin, PINCH and parvin. The signaling protein Rsu1 is linked to the complex via binding PINCH1. The role of Rsu1 and PINCH1 in adhesion and migration was examined in non-transformed mammary epithelial cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that the depletion of either Rsu1 or PINCH1 by siRNA in MCF10A cells decreased the number of focal adhesions and altered the distribution and localization of β1 integrin, vinculin, talin and paxillin without affecting the levels of FA protein expression. This correlated with reduced adhesion, failure to spread or migrate in response to EGF and a loss of actin stress fibers and caveolae. In addition, constitutive phosphorylation of actin regulatory proteins occurred in the absence of PINCH1. The depletion of Rsu1 caused significant reduction in PINCH1 implying that Rsu1 may function by regulating levels of PINCH1. However, while both Rsu1- or PINCH1-depleted cells retained the ability to activate adhesion signaling in response to EGF stimulation, only Rsu1 was required for EGF-induced p38 Map Kinase phosphorylation and ATF2 activation, suggesting an Rsu1 function independent from the IPP complex. Reconstitution of Rsu1-depleted cells with an Rsu1 mutant that does not bind to PINCH1 failed to restore FAs or migration but did promote spreading and constitutive p38 activation. These data show that Rsu1-PINCH1 association with ILK and the IPP complex is required for regulation of adhesion and migration but that Rsu1 has a critical role in linking integrin-induced adhesion to activation of p38 Map kinase signaling and cell spreading. Moreover, it suggests that Rsu1 may regulate p38 signaling from the IPP complex affecting other functions including survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyda Gonzalez-Nieves
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a colonic inflammatory condition with a substantial impact on the quality of life of affected persons. The disease carries a cumulative risk of need of colectomy of 20-30% and an estimated cumulative risk of colorectal cancer of 18% after 30 years of disease duration. With the introduction of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors for the treatment of UC, it has become increasingly evident that the disease course is influenced by whether or not the patient achieves mucosal healing. Thus, patients with mucosal healing have fewer flare-ups, a decreased risk of colectomy, and a lower probability of developing colorectal cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of mucosal wound formation and wound healing in UC, and how they are affected therapeutically is therefore of importance for obtaining efficient treatment strategies holding the potential of changing the disease course of UC. This review is focused on the pathophysiological mechanism of mucosal wound formation in UC as well as the known mechanisms of intestinal wound healing. Regarding the latter topic, pathways of both wound healing intrinsic to epithelial cells and the wound-healing mechanisms involving interaction between epithelial cells and other cells of the mucosa are discussed. The biochemistry of wound healing in UC provides the basis for the subsequent description of how these pathways are affected by the current medications, and what can be learnt on how to design future treatment regimens for UC based on targeting mucosal healing.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhu J, Siclari VA, Liu F, Spatz JM, Chandra A, Divieti Pajevic P, Qin L. Amphiregulin-EGFR signaling mediates the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors toward PTH-stimulated osteoblasts and osteocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50099. [PMID: 23300521 PMCID: PMC3534030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) dramatically increases bone mass and currently is one of the most effective treatments for osteoporosis. However, the detailed mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that conditioned media from PTH-treated osteoblastic and osteocytic cells contain soluble chemotactic factors for bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors, which express a low amount of PTH receptor (PTH1R) and do not respond to PTH stimulation by increasing cAMP production or migrating toward PTH alone. Conditioned media from PTH-treated osteoblasts elevated phosphorylated Akt and p38MAPK amounts in mesenchymal progenitors and inhibition of these pathways blocked the migration of these progenitors toward conditioned media. Our previous and current studies revealed that PTH stimulates the expression of amphiregulin, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligand that signals through the EGF receptor (EGFR), in both osteoblasts and osteocytes. Interestingly, conditioned media from PTH-treated osteoblasts increased EGFR phosphorylation in mesenchymal progenitors. Using several different approaches, including inhibitor, neutralizing antibody, and siRNA, we demonstrate that PTH increases the release of amphiregulin from osteoblastic cells, which acts on the EGFRs expressed on mesenchymal progenitors to stimulate the Akt and p38MAPK pathways and subsequently promote their migration in vitro. Furthermore, inactivation of EGFR signaling specifically in osteoprogenitors/osteoblasts attenuated the anabolic actions of PTH on bone formation. Taken together, these results suggest a novel mechanism for the therapeutic effect of PTH on osteoporosis and an important role of EGFR signaling in mediating PTH's anabolic actions on bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Valerie A. Siclari
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fei Liu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jordan M. Spatz
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Chandra
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ling Qin
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bernard JK, McCann SP, Bhardwaj V, Washington MK, Frey MR. Neuregulin-4 is a survival factor for colon epithelial cells both in culture and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39850-8. [PMID: 23033483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the ErbB4 tyrosine kinase is elevated in colonic epithelial cells during inflammatory bowel disease, whereas ErbB4 overexpression in cultured colonocytes blocks TNF-induced apoptosis in a ligand-dependent manner. Together, these observations suggest that ErbB4 induction may be a protective response. However, the effects of ErbB4 signaling in the colonic epithelium in vivo are not known. Furthermore, previous work on ErbB4 used ligands shared with other receptors, raising the question of whether the observed responses are explicitly due to ErbB4. In this study, we used the ErbB4-specific ligand neuregulin-4 (NRG4) to activate ErbB4 and define its role in colonocyte biology. NRG4 treatment, either in cultured cells or in mice, blocked colonic epithelial apoptosis induced by TNF and IFN-γ. It was also protective in a murine experimental colitis model. NRG4 stimulated phosphorylation of ErbB4 but not other ErbB receptors, indicating that this is a specific response. Furthermore, in contrast to related ligands, NRG4 enhanced cell survival but not proliferation or migration, and stimulated phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic mediator Akt but not ERK MAPK. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling reversed the anti-apoptotic effects of NRG4, confirming the role of this cascade in NRG4-induced cell survival. With regard to the potential clinical importance of this pathway, NRG4 expression was decreased in human inflammatory bowel disease samples and mouse models of colitis, suggesting that activation of ErbB4 is altered in disease. Thus, exogenous NRG4 may be beneficial for disorders in which epithelial apoptosis is part of the pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Anitua E, Sanchez M, De la Fuente M, Zalduendo MM, Orive G. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret) stimulates tendon and synovial fibroblasts migration and improves the biological properties of hyaluronic acid. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20:1657-65. [PMID: 21987365 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell migration plays an essential role in development, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret) technology offers a potential source of growth factors involved in tissue regeneration. Here, we evaluate the potential of PRGF-Endoret over tendon cells and synovial fibroblasts migration and study whether the combination of this autologous technology with hyaluronic acid (HA) improves the effect and potential of the biomaterials over the motility of both types of fibroblasts. METHODS Migration of primary tendon cells and synovial fibroblasts after culturing with either PRGF or PPGF (plasma poor in growth factors) at different doses was evaluated. Furthermore, the migratory capacity induced by the combination of PPGF and PRGF with HA was tested. RESULTS PPGF stimulated migration of both types of cells but this effect was significantly higher when PRGF was used. Tendon cells showed an increase of 212% in migratory ability when HA was combined with PPGF and of 335% in the case of HA + PRGF treatment compared with HA alone. CONCLUSIONS PRGF-Endoret stimulates migration of tendon cells and synovial fibroblasts and improves the biological properties of HA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Anitua
- Private Practice in Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation in Vitoria, Vitoria, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dubé PE, Yan F, Punit S, Girish N, McElroy SJ, Washington MK, Polk DB. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits colitis-associated cancer in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2780-92. [PMID: 22772467 DOI: 10.1172/jci62888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors that propagate inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal epithelium. This state of chronic inflammation increases the risk for development of colitis-associated cancer in IBD patients. Thus, the development of targeted therapeutics that can disrupt the cycle of inflammation and epithelial injury is highly attractive. However, such biological therapies, including those targeting epidermal growth factor receptor pathways, pose a risk of increasing cancer rates. Using two mouse models of colitis-associated cancer, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor inactivation accelerated the incidence and progression of colorectal tumors. By modulating inflammation and epithelial regeneration, epidermal growth factor receptor optimized the response to chronic inflammation and limited subsequent tumorigenesis. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer and suggest that epidermal growth factor-based therapies for IBD may reduce long-term cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Dubé
- The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rieder F, Karrasch T, Ben-Horin S, Schirbel A, Ehehalt R, Wehkamp J, de Haar C, Velin D, Latella G, Scaldaferri F, Rogler G, Higgins P, Sans M. Results of the 2nd scientific workshop of the ECCO (III): basic mechanisms of intestinal healing. J Crohns Colitis 2012; 6:373-85. [PMID: 22405177 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The second scientific workshop of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) focused on the relevance of intestinal healing for the disease course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective was to better understand basic mechanisms, markers for disease prediction, detection and monitoring of intestinal healing, impact of intestinal healing on the disease course of IBD as well as therapeutic strategies. The results of this workshop are presented in four separate manuscripts. This section describes basic mechanisms of intestinal healing, identifies open questions in the field and provides a framework for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kam Y, Rejniak KA, Anderson ARA. Cellular modeling of cancer invasion: integration of in silico and in vitro approaches. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:431-8. [PMID: 21465465 PMCID: PMC3687536 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion is one of the hallmarks of cancer and a prerequisite for cancer metastasis. However, the invasive process is very complex, depending on multiple correlated intrinsic and environmental factors, and thus is difficult to study experimentally in a fully controlled way. Therefore, there is an increased demand for interdisciplinary integrated approaches combining laboratory experiments with multiscale in silico modeling. In this review, we will summarize current computational techniques applicable to model cancer invasion in silico, with a special focus on a class of individual-cell-based models developed in our laboratories. We also discuss their integration with traditional and novel in vitro experimentation, including new invasion assays whose design was inspired by computational modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonseok Kam
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|