1
|
Li XX, Fung JN, Clark RJ, Lee JD, Woodruff TM. Cell-intrinsic C5a synergizes with Dectin-1 in macrophages to mediate fungal killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314627121. [PMID: 38252818 PMCID: PMC10835034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314627121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement factor C5a is a core effector product of complement activation. C5a, acting through its receptors C5aR1 and C5aR2, exerts pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions in myeloid cells, which is vital for host defense against pathogens. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are similarly expressed by immune cells as detectors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Although there is evidence of cross talk between complement and PRR signaling pathways, knowledge of the full potential for C5a-PRR interaction is limited. In this study, we comprehensively investigated how C5a signaling through C5a receptors can modulate diverse PRR-mediated cytokine responses in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages and observed a powerful, concentration-dependent bidirectional effect of C5a on PRR activities. Unexpectedly, C5a synergized with Dectin-1, Mincle, and STING in macrophages to a much greater extent than TLRs. Notably, we also identified that selective Dectin-1 activation using depleted zymosan triggered macrophages to generate cell-intrinsic C5a, which acted on intracellular and cell surface C5aR1, to help sustain mitochondrial ROS generation, up-regulate TNFα production, and enhance fungal killing. This study adds further evidence to the holistic functions of C5a as a central immunomodulator and important orchestrator of pathogen sensing and killing by phagocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X. Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Jenny N. Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Richard J. Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - John D. Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Winn NC, Patel VS, Blair JA, Rodriguez A, Garcia JN, Yang TS, Hasty AH. Deletion of complement factor 5 amplifies glucose intolerance in obese male but not female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E325-E335. [PMID: 37610411 PMCID: PMC10642989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00140.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Complement factor 5 of the innate immune system generates C5a and C5b ligands, which initiate inflammatory and cell lysis events, respectively. C5 activation has been linked with obesity-associated metabolic disorders; however, whether it has a causative role is unclear. We generated a C5 null (C5-/-) mouse using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to determine whether loss of C5 improves obesity-linked metabolic dysfunction. Generation of a new mouse model was prompted in part by the observation of off-target gene mutations in commercially available C5-/- lines. Male and female wild-type (WT), heterozygous (Het), and C5-/- mice were fed low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 wk. Body weight gain did not differ between genotypes on LFD or HFD. In lean animals, male C5-/- mice had similar glucose tolerance compared with WT controls; however, in obese conditions, glucose tolerance was worsened in C5-/- compared with controls. In contrast, female mice did not exhibit differences in glucose tolerance between genotypes under either dietary paradigm. Fasting insulin was not different between genotypes, whereas diet-induced obese male C5-/- mice had lower fed insulin concentrations compared with WT controls. No differences in adipose tissue inflammation or adipocyte size were identified between groups. Similarly, susceptibility to fatty liver and hepatic inflammation was similar between WT and C5-/- mice. However, the systemic cytokine response to acute endotoxin exposure was decreased in C5-/- mice. Together, these data suggest that loss of C5 worsens glucose tolerance in obese male but not female mice. Additional work is required to pinpoint the mechanisms by which loss of C5 amplifies glucose intolerance in obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We generated a new mouse model of complement factor 5 deficiency. This work was prompted by a need for improved transgenic mouse lines of C5, due to off-target gene mutations. We find that loss of C5 worsens glucose tolerance in a sex-dependent manner. Though the mechanisms evoking glucose intolerance are not clear, we are confident this model will be useful in interrogating complement activation in obesity-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Vitrag S Patel
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Joslin A Blair
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alec Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jamie N Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Tzushan S Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schanzenbacher J, Hendrika Kähler K, Mesler E, Kleingarn M, Marcel Karsten C, Leonard Seiler D. The role of C5a receptors in autoimmunity. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152413. [PMID: 37598588 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is an essential component of the innate immune response and plays a vital role in host defense and inflammation. Dysregulation of the complement system, particularly involving the anaphylatoxin C5a and its receptors (C5aR1 and C5aR2), has been linked to several autoimmune diseases, indicating the potential for targeted therapies. C5aR1 and C5aR2 are seven-transmembrane receptors with distinct signaling mechanisms that play both partially overlapping and opposing roles in immunity. Both receptors are expressed on a broad spectrum of immune and non-immune cells and are involved in cellular functions and physiological processes during homeostasis and inflammation. Dysregulated C5a-mediated inflammation contributes to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, antiphospholipid syndrome, and others. Therefore, targeting C5a or its receptors may yield therapeutic innovations in these autoimmune diseases by reducing the recruitment and activation of immune cells that lead to tissue inflammation and injury, thereby exacerbating the autoimmune response. Clinical trials focused on the inhibition of C5 cleavage or the C5a/C5aR1-axis using small molecules or monoclonal antibodies hold promise for bringing novel treatments for autoimmune diseases into practice. However, given the heterogeneous nature of (systemic) autoimmune diseases, there are still several challenges, such as patient selection, optimal dosing, and treatment duration, that require further investigation and development to realize the full therapeutic potential of C5a receptor inhibition, ideally in the context of a personalized medicine approach. Here, we aim to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge on the function of C5a receptors, the involvement of C5a receptors in autoimmune disorders, the molecular mechanisms underlying C5a receptor-mediated autoimmunity, and the potential for targeted therapies to modulate their activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Hendrika Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Evelyn Mesler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Leonard Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seiler DL, Kähler KH, Kleingarn M, Sadik CD, Bieber K, Köhl J, Ludwig RJ, Karsten CM. The complement receptor C5aR2 regulates neutrophil activation and function contributing to neutrophil-driven epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197709. [PMID: 37275893 PMCID: PMC10235453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The function of the second receptor for the complement cleavage product C5a, C5aR2, is poorly understood and often neglected in the immunological context. Using mice with a global deficiency of C5aR2, we have previously reported an important role of this receptor in the pathogenesis of the neutrophil-driven autoimmune disease epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Based on in vitro analyses, we hypothesized that the absence of C5aR2 specifically on neutrophils is the cause of the observed differences. Here, we report the generation of a new mouse line with a LysM-specific deficiency of C5aR2. Methods LysM-specific deletion of C5aR2 was achieved by crossing LysMcre mice with tdTomato-C5ar2fl/fl mice in which the tdTomato-C5ar2 gene is flanked by loxP sites. Passive EBA was induced by subcutaneous injection of rabbit anti-mouse collagen type VII IgG. The effects of targeted deletion of C5ar2 on C5a-induced effector functions of neutrophils were examined in in vitro assays. Results We confirm the successful deletion of C5aR2 at both the genetic and protein levels in neutrophils. The mice appeared healthy and the expression of C5aR1 in bone marrow and blood neutrophils was not negatively affected by LysM-specific deletion of C5aR2. Using the antibody transfer mouse model of EBA, we found that the absence of C5aR2 in LysM-positive cells resulted in an overall amelioration of disease progression, similar to what we had previously found in mice with global deficiency of C5aR2. Neutrophils lacking C5aR2 showed decreased activation after C5a stimulation and increased expression of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor FcγRIIb. Discussion Overall, with the data presented here, we confirm and extend our previous findings and show that C5aR2 in neutrophils regulates their activation and function in response to C5a by potentially affecting the expression of Fcγ receptors and CD11b. Thus, C5aR2 regulates the finely tuned interaction network between immune complexes, Fcγ receptors, CD11b, and C5aR1 that is important for neutrophil recruitment and sustained activation. This underscores the importance of C5aR2 in the pathogenesis of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja H. Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D. Sadik
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian M. Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trambas IA, Coughlan MT, Tan SM. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Complement C5a Receptors in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108758. [PMID: 37240105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 30-40% of patients with diabetes and is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The activation of the complement cascade, a highly conserved element of the innate immune system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The potent anaphylatoxin C5a is a critical effector of complement-mediated inflammation. Excessive activation of the C5a-signalling axis promotes a potent inflammatory environment and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammasome activation, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Conventional renoprotective agents used in the treatment of diabetes do not target the complement system. Mounting preclinical evidence indicates that inhibition of the complement system may prove protective in DKD by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Targeting the C5a-receptor signaling axis is of particular interest, as inhibition at this level attenuates inflammation while preserving the critical immunological defense functions of the complement system. In this review, the important role of the C5a/C5a-receptor axis in the pathogenesis of diabetes and kidney injuries will be discussed, and an overview of the status and mechanisms of action of current complement therapeutics in development will be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inez A Trambas
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ren J, Chen L, Chen X, Zhang N, Sun X, Song J. Acylation-stimulating protein and heart failure progression in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 10:492-501. [PMID: 36316820 PMCID: PMC9871714 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our previous studies suggested that the complement system was critical in the prognosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). The acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), generated through the alternate complement pathway, was reported to regulate lipogenesis and triglyceride storage. This study aimed to investigate the role of ASP in predicting adverse cardiac events in an ARVC cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 111 ARVC patients and 106 healthy volunteers, and measured their plasma ASP levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Plasma ASP levels were significantly higher in the ARVC patients than in the healthy controls (2325.22 ± 20.08 vs. 2189.75 ± 15.55, P < 0.001), with a similar trend observed in the myocardial explant assay. Spearman correlation analysis indicated plasma ASP level associated with cardiac structural (right ventricular internal dimension, P = 0.006) and functional remodelling (left ventricular ejection fraction, P = 0.002) in ARVC patients. The ARVC patients were followed up for an average of 17.79 ± 1.09 months. Heart failure-associated events (HFAEs) were defined as heart transplantation, on a cardiac transplant list, or death due to end-stage heart failure. Plasma ASP levels in patients with HFAEs were significantly higher than in those without clinical events (2486.03 ± 26.70 vs. 2268.83 ± 23.51, P < 0.001) or those with malignant arrhythmic events (2486.03 ± 26.70 vs. 2297.80 ± 60.46, P = 0.008). LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and multivariable Cox regression analyses showed the ASP level (HR = 1.004, 95% CI [1.002,1.006], P = 0.002) was an independent predictor for adverse HFAEs in ARVC patients. The spline-fitting procedure was applied to illustrate the HFAE-free probabilities at different time points. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that plasma ASP may be a useful biomarker in prediction of adverse HF-associated events in ARVC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schanzenbacher J, Köhl J, Karsten CM. Anaphylatoxins spark the flame in early autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958392. [PMID: 35958588 PMCID: PMC9358992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system (CS) is an ancient and highly conserved part of the innate immune system with important functions in immune defense. The multiple fragments bind to specific receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells, the activation of which translates the initial humoral innate immune response (IR) into cellular innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of the CS has been associated with the development of several autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ANCA-associated vasculitis, and autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBDs), where complement drives the inflammatory response in the effector phase. The role of the CS in autoimmunity is complex. On the one hand, complement deficiencies were identified as risk factors to develop autoimmune disorders. On the other hand, activation of complement can drive autoimmune responses. The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are potent mediators and regulators of inflammation during the effector phase of autoimmunity through engagement of specific anaphylatoxin receptors, i.e., C3aR, C5aR1, and C5aR2 either on or in immune cells. In addition to their role in innate IRs, anaphylatoxins regulate humoral and cellular adaptive IRs including B-cell and T-cell activation, differentiation, and survival. They regulate B- and T-lymphocyte responses either directly or indirectly through the activation of anaphylatoxin receptors via dendritic cells that modulate lymphocyte function. Here, we will briefly review our current understanding of the complex roles of anaphylatoxins in the regulation of immunologic tolerance and the early events driving autoimmunity and the implications of such regulation for therapeutic approaches that target the CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christian M. Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian M. Karsten,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seiler DL, Kleingarn M, Kähler KH, Gruner C, Schanzenbacher J, Ehlers-Jeske E, Kenno S, Sadik CD, Schmidt E, Bieber K, Köhl J, Ludwig RJ, Karsten CM. C5aR2 deficiency ameliorates inflammation in murine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita by regulating FcγRIIb expression on neutrophils. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2715-2723.e2. [PMID: 35007559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare blistering skin disease induced by autoantibodies directed against type VII collagen (COL7). Transfer of antibodies against murine COL7 (mCOL7) into mice mimics the effector phase of EBA and results in a subepidermal blistering phenotype. Activation of the complement system, and especially the C5a/C5aR1 axis driving neutrophil activation, are critical for EBA pathogenesis. However, the role of the alternative C5a receptor, C5aR2, which is commonly thought to be more immunosuppressive, in the pathogenesis of EBA is still elusive. Therefore, we sought to delineate the functional relevance of C5aR2 during the effector phase of EBA. Unexpectedly, C5aR2-deficient (C5ar2-/-) mice showed an attenuated disease phenotype, suggesting a pathogenic contribution of C5aR2 to disease progression. In vitro, C5ar2-/- neutrophils exhibited significantly reduced (Ca2+)i flux, reactive oxygen species release, and migratory capacity when activated with immune complexes or exposed to C5a. These functions were completely absent when C5ar1-/- neutrophils were activated. Moreover, C5aR2 deficiency more than tripled FcγRIIb expression on neutrophils thus lowering the A/I ratio of FcγRs and impeding the sustainment of inflammation. Collectively, we demonstrate here a pro-inflammatory contribution of C5aR2 to the pathogenesis of antibody-induced tissue damage in experimental EBA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja H Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Caroline Gruner
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elvira Ehlers-Jeske
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Samyr Kenno
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D Sadik
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pandey S, Kumari P, Baidya M, Kise R, Cao Y, Dwivedi-Agnihotri H, Banerjee R, Li XX, Cui CS, Lee JD, Kawakami K, Maharana J, Ranjan A, Chaturvedi M, Jhingan GD, Laporte SA, Woodruff TM, Inoue A, Shukla AK. Intrinsic bias at non-canonical, β-arrestin-coupled seven transmembrane receptors. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4605-4621.e11. [PMID: 34582793 PMCID: PMC7612807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), typically interact with two distinct signal-transducers, i.e., G proteins and β-arrestins (βarrs). Interestingly, there are some non-canonical 7TMRs that lack G protein coupling but interact with barrs, although an understanding of their transducer coupling preference, downstream signaling, and structural mechanism remains elusive. Here, we characterize two such non-canonical 7TMRs, namely, the decoy D6 receptor (D6R) and the complement C5a receptor subtype 2 (C5aR2), in parallel with their canonical GPCR counterparts. We discover that D6R and C5aR2 efficiently couple to βarrs, exhibit distinct engagement of GPCR kinases (GRKs), and activate non-canonical downstream signaling pathways. We also observe that βarrs adopt distinct conformations for D6R and C5aR2, compared to their canonical GPCR counterparts, in response to common natural agonists. Our study establishes D6R and C5aR2 as βarr-coupled 7TMRs and provides key insights into their regulation and signaling with direct implication for biased agonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Punita Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Mithu Baidya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yubo Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Hemlata Dwivedi-Agnihotri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ramanuj Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Cedric S Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jagannath Maharana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashutosh Ranjan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Madhu Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | | | - Stéphane A Laporte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Shen Y, Tian H, Xie S, Ji Y, Li Z, Lu J, Lu H, Liu B, Liu F. The role of complement factor H in gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:562. [PMID: 34404360 PMCID: PMC8369714 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement factor H (CFH) has been found to be associated with insulin resistance. This study assessed the correlation between CFH and other clinical parameters, and determined whether CFH played a role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS A total of 397 pregnant women were included for analysis in this nested case-control study. Clinical parameters and serum were collected within the 11-17th gestational age at the first prenatal visit. At 24-28 weeks of gestation, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed and subjects were divided into a GDM (n = 80) and a non-GDM control group (n = 317). The delivery data were also followed. The serum CFH level was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS CFH was higher in GDM than in non-GDM controls (280.02 [58.60] vs. 264.20 [68.77]; P = 0.014). CFH level was moderately associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), BMI and total triglycerides (TG), and slightly associated with gestational age, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) in GDM and non-GDM (all P < 0.05). Moreover, CFH level was moderately correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and slightly correlated with age, uric acid (UA) and total bilirubin (TB) in non-GDM (all P < 0.05). After adjustment for clinical confounding factors, BMI, TG, gestational age, ALP, TB, age and UA were independent risk factors for log10 CFH levels (all P < 0.05) in all subjects. In addition, overweight or obese pregnant women, women with hypertriglyceridemia and women in the second trimester had significantly higher CFH levels than normal weight and underweight group (P < 0.001), the non-hypertriglyceridemia group (P < 0.001) and women in the first trimester group (P < 0.05) in all pregnant women respectively. Following binary logistic regression, CFH was not independently associated with GDM and related pregnant outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The CFH in 11-17th weeks of gestation might be affected by many factors, including BMI, TG, gestational age, ALP, TB, age and UA. CFH was not an independent risk factor for GDM and avderse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215228, China
| | - Hairong Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jin Shan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Shuting Xie
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jin Shan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jin Shan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Junxi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Huijuan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jin Shan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
C5aR inhibition of nonimmune cells suppresses inflammation and maintains epithelial integrity in SARS-CoV-2-infected primary human airway epithelia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2083-2097.e6. [PMID: 33852936 PMCID: PMC8056780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Excessive inflammation triggered by a hitherto undescribed mechanism is a hallmark of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and is associated with enhanced pathogenicity and mortality. Objective Complement hyperactivation promotes lung injury and was observed in patients suffering from Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, we investigated the very first interactions of primary human airway epithelial cells on exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in terms of complement component 3 (C3)-mediated effects. Methods For this, we used highly differentiated primary human 3-dimensional tissue models infected with SARS-CoV-2 patient isolates. On infection, viral load, viral infectivity, intracellular complement activation, inflammatory mechanisms, and tissue destruction were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, high content screening, plaque assays, luminex analyses, and transepithelial electrical resistance measurements. Results Here, we show that primary normal human bronchial and small airway epithelial cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection by an inflated local C3 mobilization. SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in exaggerated intracellular complement activation and destruction of the epithelial integrity in monolayer cultures of primary human airway cells and highly differentiated, pseudostratified, mucus-producing, ciliated respiratory tissue models. SARS-CoV-2–infected 3-dimensional cultures secreted significantly higher levels of C3a and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, IL-1α, and RANTES. Conclusions Crucially, we illustrate here for the first time that targeting the anaphylotoxin receptors C3a receptor and C5a receptor in nonimmune respiratory cells can prevent intrinsic lung inflammation and tissue damage. This opens up the exciting possibility in the treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
|
12
|
Han X, de la Fuente M, Nieman MT. Complement factor C4a does not activate protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) or PAR4 on human platelets. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:104-110. [PMID: 33537534 PMCID: PMC7845074 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4 are key thrombin signal mediators for human platelet activation and aggregation in response to vascular injury. They are primarily activated by thrombin cleavage of the N-terminus to expose a tethered ligand. In addition to the canonical activation by thrombin, a growing panel of proteases can also elicit PAR1- or PAR4-mediated signal transduction. Recently, complement factor C4a was reported as the first endogenous agonist for both PAR1 and PAR4. Further, it is the first endogenous nontethered ligand that activates PAR1 and PAR4. These studies were conducted with human microvascular cells; the impact of C4a on platelet PARs is unknown. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to interrogate PAR1 and PAR4 activation by C4a on human platelets. METHODS Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was isolated from healthy donors. PRP was stimulated with C4a, and the platelet aggregation was measured. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 Flp-In T-rex cells were used to further test if C4a stimulation can initiate PAR1- or PAR4-mediated Gαq signaling, which was measured by intracellular calcium mobilization. RESULTS C4a failed to elicit platelet aggregation via PAR1- or PAR4-mediated manner. In addition, no PAR1- or PAR4-mediated calcium mobilization was observed upon C4a stimulation on HEK293 cells. CONCLUSIONS Complement factor C4a does not activate PAR1 or PAR4 on human platelets. These data show that PAR1 and PAR4 activation by C4a on microvascular cells likely requires a cofactor, which reinforces the concept of cell type-specific regulation of protease signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | | | - Marvin T. Nieman
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Important Role of Perituberal Tissue in Epileptic Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex by the Transcriptome Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4980609. [PMID: 33123575 PMCID: PMC7585662 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4980609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is most common in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). However, in addition to the challenging treatment, the pathogenesis of epilepsy is still controversial. To determine the transcriptome characteristics of perituberal tissue (PT) and clarify its role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, GSE16969 was downloaded from the GEO database for further study by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment analysis, construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and selection of Hub genes were performed using R language, Metascape, STRING, and Cytoscape, respectively. Comparing with cortical tuber (CT), 220 DEGs, including 95 upregulated and 125 downregulated genes, were identified in PT and mainly enriched in collagen-containing extracellular matrix and positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis, as well as the pathways of ECM-receptor interaction and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. As for normal cortex (NC), 1549 DEGs, including 30 upregulated and 1519 downregulated genes, were identified and mainly enriched in presynapse, dendrite and axon, and also the pathways of dopaminergic synapse and oxytocin signaling pathway. In the PPI network, 4 hub modules were found between PT and CT, and top 5 hub modules were selected between PT and NC. C3, APLNR, ANXA2, CD44, CLU, CP, MCHR2, HTR1E, CTSG, APP, and GNG2 were identified as Hub genes, of which, C3, CD44, ANXA2, HTR1E, and APP were identified as Hub-BottleNeck genes. In conclusion, PT has the unique characteristics different from CT and NC in transcriptome and makes us further understand its importance in the TSC-associated epilepsy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Thomas RC, Kheder R, Alaridhee H, Martin N, Stover CM. Complement Properdin Regulates the Metabolo-Inflammatory Response to a High Fat Diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090484. [PMID: 32971872 PMCID: PMC7558790 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Overnutrition leads to a metabolic and inflammatory response that includes the activation of Complement. Properdin is the only amplifier of complement activation and increases the provision of complement activation products. Its absence has previously been shown to lead to increased obesity in mice on a high fat diet. The aim of this study was to determine ways in which properdin contributes to a less pronounced obese phenotype. Materials and Methods: Wild type (WT) and properdin deficient mice (KO) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for up to 12 weeks. Results: There was a significant increase in liver triglyceride content in the KO HFD group compared to WT on HFD. WT developed steatosis. KO had an additional inflammatory component (steatohepatitis). Analysis of AKT signalling by phosphorylation array supported a decrease in insulin sensitivity which was greater for KO than WT in liver and kidney. There was a significant decrease of C5L2 in the fat membranes of the KO HFD group compared to the WT HFD group. Circulating microparticles in KO HFD group showed lower presence of C5L2. Expression of the fatty acid transporter CD36 in adipose tissue was increased in KO on HFD and was also significantly increased in plasma of KO HFD mice compared to WT on HFD. CD36 was elevated on microparticles from KO on HFD. Ultrastructural changes consistent with obesity-associated glomerulopathy were observed for both HFD fed genotypes, but tubular strain was greater in KO. Conclusion: Our work demonstrates that complement properdin is a dominant factor in limiting the severity of obesity-associated conditions that impact on liver and kidney. The two receptors, C5L2 and CD36, are downstream of the activity exerted by properdin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rόisín C. Thomas
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (R.C.T.); (R.K.); (H.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Ramiar Kheder
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (R.C.T.); (R.K.); (H.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Hasanain Alaridhee
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (R.C.T.); (R.K.); (H.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Naomi Martin
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (R.C.T.); (R.K.); (H.A.); (N.M.)
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Cordula M. Stover
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (R.C.T.); (R.K.); (H.A.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-116-2525032
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li XX, Clark RJ, Woodruff TM. C5aR2 Activation Broadly Modulates the Signaling and Function of Primary Human Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1102-1112. [PMID: 32611725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complement activation fragment C5a is a potent proinflammatory mediator that is increasingly recognized as an immune modulator. C5a acts through two C5a receptors, C5aR1 (C5aR, CD88) and C5aR2 (C5L2, GPR77), to powerfully modify multiple aspects of immune cell function. Although C5aR1 is generally acknowledged to be proinflammatory and immune-activating, the potential roles played by C5aR2 remain poorly defined. Despite studies demonstrating C5aR2 can modulate C5aR1 in human cells, it is not yet known whether C5aR2 functionality is limited to, or requires, C5aR1 activation or influences immune cells more broadly. The present study, therefore, aimed to characterize the roles of C5aR2 on the signaling and function of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, using a C5aR2 agonist (Ac-RHYPYWR-OH; P32) to selectively activate the receptor. We found that although C5aR2 activation with P32 by itself was devoid of any detectable MAPK signaling activities, C5aR2 agonism significantly dampened C5aR1-, C3aR-, and chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)-mediated ERK signaling and altered intracellular calcium mobilization mediated by these receptors. Functionally, selective C5aR2 activation also downregulated cytokine production triggered by various TLRs (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7), C-type lectin receptors (Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Mincle), and the cytosolic DNA sensor stimulator of IFN genes (STING). Surprisingly, activity at the C-type lectin receptors was particularly powerful, with C5aR2 activation reducing Mincle-mediated IL-6 and TNF-α generation by 80-90%. In sum, this study demonstrates that C5aR2 possesses pleiotropic functions in primary human macrophages, highlighting the role of C5aR2 as a powerful regulator of innate immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pandey S, Maharana J, Li XX, Woodruff TM, Shukla AK. Emerging Insights into the Structure and Function of Complement C5a Receptors. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:693-705. [PMID: 32402749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complement factor C5a is an integral constituent of the complement cascade critically involved in the innate immune response, and it exerts its functions via two distinct receptors, C5aR1 and C5aR2. While C5aR1 is a prototypical G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), C5aR2 lacks functional coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins, although both receptors efficiently recruit β arrestins (βarrs). Here, we discuss the recent studies providing direct structural details of ligand-receptor interactions, and a framework of functional bias in this system, including the differences in terms of structural motifs and transducer coupling. We also discuss the functional analogy of C5aR2 with the atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs), and highlight the future directions to elucidate the mechanistic basis of the functional divergence of these receptors activated by a common natural agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jagannath Maharana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Xaria X Li
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li XX, Lee JD, Kemper C, Woodruff TM. The Complement Receptor C5aR2: A Powerful Modulator of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 202:3339-3348. [PMID: 31160390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation generates the core effector protein C5a, a potent immune molecule that is linked to multiple inflammatory diseases. Two C5a receptors, C5aR1 (C5aR, CD88) and C5aR2 (C5L2, GPR77), mediate the biological activities of C5a. Although C5aR1 has broadly acknowledged proinflammatory roles, C5aR2 remains at the center of controversy, with existing findings supporting both immune-activating and immune-dampening functions. Recent progress has been made toward resolving these issues. Instead of being a pure recycler and sequester of C5a, C5aR2 is capable of mediating its own set of signaling events and through these events exerting significant immunomodulatory effects not only toward C5aR1 but also other pattern recognition receptors and innate immune systems, such as NLRP3 inflammasomes. This review highlights the existing knowns and unknowns concerning C5aR2 and provides a timely update on recent breakthroughs which are expected to have a substantial impact on future fundamental and translational C5aR2 research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yi D, Wang K, Zhu B, Li S, Liu X. Identification of neuropathic pain-associated genes and pathways via random walk with restart algorithm. J Neurosurg Sci 2020; 65:414-420. [PMID: 32536116 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.20.04920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) develops from neuropathic lesions or diseases affecting the nervous system, and has become a serious public health issue due to its complex symptoms, high incidence and long duration. At present, the exact pathogenesis of NP is still unclear. In this study, we sought to identify the genes as well as the related molecular mechanisms associated with NP occurrence and development. METHODS We firstly identified the differentially expressed genes between NP spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rats and control sham rats and then projected them onto a STRING network for functional association analysis. Then, Random Walk with Restart (RWR) was conducted to find some new NP-related genes, with their potential functions sequentially analyzed by GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis. RESULTS Some new NP-related genes, like Gng13, C3 and Cxcl2, were identified by RWR analysis. Meanwhile, some biological functions like inflammatory responses, chemotaxis and immune responses, as well as some signaling pathways, such as those involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, complement and blood coagulation cascade reactions, and cytokine-receptor interactions that the new NP- related genes were most activated were found to be associated with NP occurrence and development. CONCLUSIONS This study extends our knowledge of NP occurrence and development and provides new therapeutic targets for future NP treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duan Yi
- Department of Pain Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pain Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Shuiqing Li
- Department of Pain Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China -
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Muenstermann M, Strobel L, Klos A, Wetsel RA, Woodruff TM, Köhl J, Johswich KO. Distinct roles of the anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2 in experimental meningococcal infections. Virulence 2019; 10:677-694. [PMID: 31274379 PMCID: PMC6650196 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1640035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is pivotal in the defense against invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nme, meningococcus), particularly via the membrane attack complex. Complement activation liberates the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, which activate three distinct G-protein coupled receptors, C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2 (anaphylatoxin receptors, ATRs). We recently discovered that C5aR1 exacerbates the course of the disease, revealing a downside of complement in Nme sepsis. Here, we compared the roles of all three ATRs during mouse nasal colonization, intraperitoneal infection and human whole blood infection with Nme. Deficiency of complement or ATRs did not alter nasal colonization, but significantly affected invasive disease: Compared to WT mice, the disease was aggravated in C3ar-/- mice, whereas C5ar1-/- and C5ar2-/- mice showed increased resistance to meningococcal sepsis. Surprisingly, deletion of either of the ATRs resulted in lower cytokine/chemokine responses, irrespective of the different susceptibilities of the mice. This was similar in ex vivo human whole blood infection using ATR inhibitors. Neutrophil responses to Nme were reduced in C5ar1-/- mouse blood. Upon stimulation with C5a plus Nme, mouse macrophages displayed reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, when C5aR1 or C5aR2 were ablated or inhibited, suggesting that both C5a-receptors prime an initial macrophage response to Nme. Finally, in vivo blockade of C5aR1 alone (PMX205) or along with C5aR2 (A8Δ71-73) resulted in ameliorated disease, whereas neither antagonizing C3aR (SB290157) nor its activation with a "super-agonist" peptide (WWGKKYRASKLGLAR) demonstrated a benefit. Thus, C5aR1 and C5aR2 augment disease pathology and are interesting targets for treatment, whereas C3aR is protective in experimental meningococcal sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Muenstermann
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lea Strobel
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rick A. Wetsel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kay O. Johswich
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saleh J, Al-Maqbali M, Abdel-Hadi D. Role of Complement and Complement-Related Adipokines in Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Fat Storage. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1411-1429. [PMID: 31688967 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue releases many cytokines and inflammatory factors described as adipokines. In obesity, adipokines released from expanding adipose tissue are implicated in disease progression and metabolic dysfunction. However, mechanisms controlling the progression of adiposity and metabolic complications are not fully understood. It has been suggested that expanding fat mass and sustained release of inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue lead to hypoxia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cellular damage. These changes trigger an immune response involving infiltration of adipose tissue with immune cells, complement activation and generation of factors involved in opsonization and clearance of damaged cells. Abundant evidence now indicates that adipose tissue is an active secretory source of complement and complement-related adipokines that, in addition to their inflammatory role, contribute to the regulation of metabolic function. This article highlights advances in knowledge regarding the role of these adipokines in energy regulation of adipose tissue through modulating lipogenic and lipolytic pathways. Several adipokines will be discussed including adipsin, Factor H, properdin, C3a, Acylation-Stimulating Protein, C1q/TNF-related proteins, and response gene to complement-32 (RGC-32). Interactions between these factors will be described considering their immune-metabolic roles in the adipose tissue microenvironment and their potential contribution to progression of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. The differential expression and the role of complement factors in gender-related fat partitioning will also be addressed. Identifying lipogenic adipokines and their specific autocrine/paracrine roles may provide means for adipose-tissue-targeted therapeutic interventions that may disrupt the vicious circle of adiposity and disease progression. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1411-1429, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muna Al-Maqbali
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhong F, Hu Z, Jiang K, Lei B, Wu Z, Yuan G, Luo H, Dong C, Tang B, Zheng C, Yang S, Zeng Y, Guo Z, Yu S, Su H, Zhang G, Qiu X, Tomlinson S, He S. Complement C3 activation regulates the production of tRNA-derived fragments Gly-tRFs and promotes alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. Cell Res 2019; 29:548-561. [PMID: 31076642 PMCID: PMC6796853 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is known to play a role in alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, thereby constraining the development of a rational approach for therapeutic intervention in the complement system. C3 deficiency has been shown to impart protective effects against ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Here we demonstrate a protection effect in wild-type mice by treatment with CR2-Crry, a specific inhibitor of C3 activation. The expression of glycine transfer (t) RNA-derived fragments (Gly-tRFs) is upregulated in ethanol-fed mice and inhibition of Gly-tRFs in vivo decreases chronic ethanol feeding-induced hepatosteatosis without affecting inflammation. The expression of Gly-tRF was downregulated in C3-deficient or CR2-Crry-treated mice, but not in C5-deficient mice; Gly-tRF expression was restored by the C3 activation products C3a or Asp (C3a-des-Arg) via the regulation of CYP2E1. Transcriptome profiling of hepatic tissues showed that Gly-tRF inhibitors upregulate the expression of sirtuin1 (Sirt1) and subsequently affect downstream lipogenesis and β-oxidation pathways. Mechanistically, Gly-tRF interacts with AGO3 to downregulate Sirt1 expression via sequence complementarity in the 3' UTR. Notably, the expression levels of C3d, CYP2E1 and Gly-tRF are upregulated, whereas Sirt1 is decreased in AFLD patients compared to healthy controls. Collectively, our findings suggest that C3 activation products contribute to hepatosteatosis by regulating the expression of Gly-tRF. Complement inhibition at the C3 activation step and treatment with Gly-tRF inhibitors may be potential and precise therapeutic approaches for AFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fudi Zhong
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhigao Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Keqing Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Biao Lei
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhan Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunqiang Dong
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaowen Zheng
- Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonglian Zeng
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenya Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuiping Yu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huizhao Su
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Corvillo F, Akinci B. An overview of lipodystrophy and the role of the complement system. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:223-232. [PMID: 31177059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a major component of innate immunity playing essential roles in the destruction of pathogens, the clearance of apoptotic cells and immune complexes, the enhancement of phagocytosis, inflammation, and the modulation of adaptive immune responses. During the last decades, numerous studies have shown that the complement system has key functions in the biology of certain tissues. For example, complement contributes to normal brain and embryonic development and to the homeostasis of lipid metabolism. However, the complement system is subjected to the effective balance between activation-inactivation to maintain complement homeostasis and to prevent self-injury to cells or tissues. When this control is disrupted, serious pathologies eventually develop, such as C3 glomerulopathy, autoimmune conditions and infections. Another heterogeneous group of ultra-rare diseases in which complement abnormalities have been described are the lipodystrophy syndromes. These diseases are characterized by the loss of adipose tissue throughout the entire body or partially. Complement over-activation has been reported in most of the patients with acquired partial lipodystrophy (also called Barraquer-Simons Syndrome) and in some cases of the generalized variety of the disease (Lawrence Syndrome). Even so, the mechanism through which the complement system induces adipose tissue abnormalities remains unclear. This review focuses on describing the link between the complement system and certain forms of lipodystrophy. In addition, we present an overview regarding the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, classification, and management of patients with lipodystrophy associated with complement abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Corvillo
- Complement Research Group, La Paz University Hospital Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U754), Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Akinci
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Room 5313, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sathyapalan T, Hobkirk JP, Javed Z, Carroll S, Coady AM, Pemberton P, Smith A, Cianflone K, Atkin SL. The Effect of Atorvastatin (and Subsequent Metformin) on Adipose Tissue Acylation-Stimulatory-Protein Concentration and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Overweight/Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:394. [PMID: 31293514 PMCID: PMC6604602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atorvastatin has been shown to improve cardiovascular risk (CVR) indices in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Low-grade chronic inflammation of adipose tissue may link PCOS and adverse CVR. In pro-inflammatory states such as PCOS, spontaneous activation of the alternative pathway of complement results in increased generation of acylation stimulating protein (ASP) from adipocytes irrespective of body mass index. Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of atorvastatin on markers of adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation; acylation-stimulating-protein (ASP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte-chemoattractant-protein-1 (MCP-1) in PCOS. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study where 40 medication-naive women with PCOS and biochemical hyperandrogenaemia were randomized to either atorvastatin 20 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks. Following the 12 week randomization; both group of women with PCOS were subsequently started on metformin 1,500 mg daily for further 12 weeks to assess whether pre-treatment with atorvastatin potentiates the effects of metformin on markers of adipose tissue function We conducted a post-hoc review to detect plasma ASP and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and MCP-1 before and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Results: There was significant reduction in ASP (156.7 ± 16.2 vs. 124.4 ± 14.8 ng/ml p <0.01), IL-6 (1.48 ± 0.29 vs.0.73 ± 0.34 pg/ml p = 0.01) and MCP-1 (30.4 ± 4.2 vs. 23.0 ± 4.5 pg/ml p = 0.02) after 12 weeks of atorvastatin that was maintained subsequently with 12 weeks treatment with metformin. There was a significant positive correlation between ASP levels with CRP (p < 0.01), testosterone (p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p < 0.01); IL-6 levels with CRP (p <0.01) and testosterone (p < 0.01) and MCP-1 with CRP (p < 0.01); testosterone (p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p < 0.02). Conclusions: This post-hoc analysis revealed that 12 weeks of atorvastatin treatment significantly decreased the markers of adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation, namely ASP, IL-6 and MCP-1 in obese women with PCOS. Changes in adipose tissue markers were significantly associative with substantial improvements in HOMA-IR, testosterone and hs-CRP levels. ISRCTN Number: ISRCTN24474824.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Hobkirk
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Carroll
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Coady
- Department of Obstetric Ultrasound, Hull and East Yorkshire Women's and Children's Hospital, Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Pemberton
- Specialist Assay Laboratories, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Smith
- Specialist Assay Laboratories, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire Cardiologie, Laval Université, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Weill Cornell Medical College Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Stephen L. Atkin
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McCullough RL, McMullen MR, Sheehan MM, Poulsen KL, Roychowdhury S, Chiang DJ, Pritchard MT, Caballeria J, Nagy LE. Complement Factor D protects mice from ethanol-induced inflammation and liver injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G66-G79. [PMID: 29597356 PMCID: PMC6109707 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00334.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Complement plays a crucial role in microbial defense and clearance of apoptotic cells. Emerging evidence suggests complement is an important contributor to alcoholic liver disease. While complement component 1, Q subcomponent (C1q)-dependent complement activation contributes to ethanol-induced liver injury, the role of the alternative pathway in ethanol-induced injury is unknown. Activation of complement via the classical and alternative pathways was detected in alcoholic hepatitis patients. Female C57BL/6J [wild type (WT)], C1q-deficient ( C1qa-/-, lacking classical pathway activation), complement protein 4-deficient ( C4-/-, lacking classical and lectin pathway activation), complement factor D-deficient ( FD-/-, lacking alternative pathway activation), and C1qa/FD-/- (lacking classical and alternative pathway activation) mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or pair-fed control diet for 4 or 25 days. Following chronic ethanol exposure, liver injury, steatosis, and proinflammatory cytokine expression were increased in WT but not C1qa-/-, C4-/-, or C1qa/FD-/- mice. In contrast, liver injury, steatosis, and proinflammatory mediators were robustly increased in ethanol-fed FD-/- mice compared with WT mice. Complement activation, assessed by hepatic accumulation of C1q and complement protein 3 (C3) cleavage products (C3b/iC3b/C3c), was evident in livers of WT mice in response to both short-term and chronic ethanol. While C1q accumulated in ethanol-fed FD-/- mice (short term and chronic), C3 cleavage products were detected after short-term but not chronic ethanol. Consistent with impaired complement activation, chronic ethanol induced the accumulation of apoptotic cells and fibrogenic responses in the liver of FD-/- mice. These data highlight the protective role of complement factor D (FD) and suggest that FD-dependent amplification of complement is an adaptive response that promotes hepatic healing and recovery in response to chronic ethanol. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Complement, a component of the innate immune system, is an important pathophysiological contributor to ethanol-induced liver injury. We have identified a novel role for factor D, a component of the alternative pathway, in protecting the liver from ethanol-induced inflammation, accumulation of apoptotic hepatocytes, and profibrotic responses. These data indicate a dual role of complement with regard to inflammatory and protective responses and suggest that accumulation of apoptotic cells impairs hepatic healing/recovery during alcoholic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan M Sheehan
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dian J Chiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Swedish Medical Group , Seattle, Washington
| | - Michele T Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Juan Caballeria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi iSunyer, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang XY, Liu Y, He T, Yang TT, Wu J, Cianflone K, Lu HL. Anaphylatoxin C5a induces inflammation and reduces insulin sensitivity by activating TLR4/NF-kB/PI3K signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:955-964. [PMID: 29710512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity closely correlates with metaflammation and characterizes with systemic-chronic-low inflammation. This study aims to evaluate effects of C5a on the inflammatory response and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were induced to the mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Then, 3T3-L1 were intervened with anaphylatoxin C5a, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C5a + LPS, respectively. Levels of Omentin, Chemerin, Vaspin and Apelin 12 in supernatants of medium were examined using ELISA. C5L2, C5a receptor (C5aR), I kappa B (IkB), IkB kinase (IKK), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), IRS-2, PI3 K, p-PI3 K and β-actin were examined using RT-PCR and western blot assay, respectively. C5L2-C5aR colocalization was identified using immunofluorescence double label. NF-kB expression or activity was evaluated using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), dual luciferase assay and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. The glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity were also evaluated. Results showed that C5a intervention significantly enhanced inflammatory molecule levels in supernatants of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. IKK inflammatory signaling pathway participated in C5a induced inflammation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. C5a triggered the colocalization of C5L2 and C5aR and activated the NF-kB inflammatory signaling pathway. C5a intervention in 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased the glucose uptake and resulted in reduction of insulin sensitivity. Insulin signaling pathway participated in C5a caused insulin sensitivity reduction. C5a intervention triggered the phosphorylation of PI3 K. In conclusion anaphylatoxin C5a induced inflammatory response by activating TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway and generating C5L2-C5aR dimer, and caused insulin sensitivity reduction by activating PI3 K signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- K. Cianflone. Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, QC, G1V4G5, Canada
| | - Hui-Ling Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Association of C5L2 genetic polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in a Han population in Xinjiang, China. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8590-8596. [PMID: 28052000 PMCID: PMC5352424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C5aR-like receptor 2 (C5L2) has been identified as a receptor for the inflammatory factor Complement 5a (C5a) and acylation-stimulating protein (ASP). ASP binding to C5L2 leading to a net accumulation of TG stores and glucose transporter. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association of the SNPs of C5L2 gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Chinese population. Methods We examined the role of the tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C5L2 gene for CAD using a case-control design. We determined the prevalence of C5L2 genotypes in 505 CAD patients and 469 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects of Han population. Results There was significant difference in genotype distributions of rs2972607 and rs8112962 between CAD patients and control subjects. The rs2972607 was found to be associated with CAD in a dominant model (AA vs. AG + GG, P<0.001). Similarly, the rs8112962 was found to be associated with CAD in a dominant model (TT vs CT + CC, P=0.016). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (OR =1.401, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.026~1.914, P=0.034; OR = 1.541, 95%CI:1.093~ 2.172, P=0.014; respectively). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that both rs2972607 and rs8112962 of C5L2 gene are associated with CAD in a Han population of China.
Collapse
|
27
|
Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The complement system is dysfunctional in metabolic disease: Evidences in plasma and adipose tissue from obese and insulin resistant subjects. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:164-172. [PMID: 29107169 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship among chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and other obesity-associated metabolic disturbances is increasingly recognized. The possible mechanisms that trigger these immunologic alterations remain to be fully understood. The complement system is a crucial element of immune defense system, being important in the activation of innate and adaptative immune response, promoting the clearance of apoptotic and damaged endogenous cells and participating in processes of tissue development, degeneration, and regeneration. Circulating components of the complement system appear to be dysregulated in obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The activation of the complement system is also evident in adipose tissue from obese subjects, in association with subclinical inflammation and alterations in glucose metabolism. The possible contribution of some components of the complement system in the development of insulin resistance and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, and the possible role of complement system in adipose tissue physiology is reviewed here. The modulation of the complement system could constitute a potential target in the pathophysiology and therapy of obesity and associated metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The Controversial C5a Receptor C5aR2: Its Role in Health and Disease. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:8193932. [PMID: 28706957 PMCID: PMC5494583 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8193932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After the discovery of the C5a receptor C5aR1, C5aR2 is the second receptor found to bind C5a and its des-arginine form. As a heptahelical G protein-coupled receptor but devoid of the intracellular Gα signal, C5aR2 is special and confusing. Ramifications and controversies about C5aR2 are under debate since its identification, from putative ligands and cellular localization to intracellular signals and pathological roles in inflammation and immunity. The ruleless and even conflicting pro- or anti-inflammatory role of C5aR2 in animal models of diverse diseases makes one bewildered. This review summarizes reports on C5aR2, tries to clear up available evidence on these four controversial aspects, and delineates C5aR2 function(s). It also summarizes available toolboxes for C5aR2 study.
Collapse
|
29
|
Novel insights into the expression pattern of anaphylatoxin receptors in mice and men. Mol Immunol 2017; 89:44-58. [PMID: 28600003 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anaphylatoxins (AT) C3a and C5a play important roles as mediators of inflammation. Further, they regulate and control multiple innate and adaptive immune responses through binding and activation of their cognate G protein-coupled receptors, i.e. C3a receptor (C3aR), C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) and C5a receptor 2 (C5aR2), although the latter lacks important sequence motifs for G protein-coupling. Based on their pleiotropic functions, they contribute not only to tissue homeostasis but drive, perpetuate and resolve immune responses in many inflammatory diseases including infections, malignancies, autoimmune as well as allergic diseases. During the past few years, transcriptome expression data provided detailed insights into AT receptor tissue mRNA expression. In contrast, our understanding of cellular AT receptor expression in human and mouse tissues under steady and inflammatory conditions is still sketchy. Ligand binding studies, flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analyses convincingly demonstrated tissue-specific C5aR1 expression in various cells of myeloid origin. However, a detailed map for C3aR or C5aR2 expression in human or mouse tissue cells is still lacking. Also, reports about AT expression in lymphoid cells is still controversial. To understand the multiple roles of the ATs in the innate and adaptive immune networks, a detailed understanding of their receptor expression in health and disease is required. Recent findings obtained with novel GFP or tdTomato AT-receptor knock-in mice provide detailed insights into their expression pattern in tissue immune and stroma cells. Here, we will provide an update about our current knowledge of AT receptor expression pattern in humans and mice.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu J, Jiao ZY, Li RZ, Lu HL, Zhang HH, Cianflone K. Cholinergic activation suppresses palmitate-induced macrophage activation and improves acylation stimulating protein resistance in co-cultured adipocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:961-973. [PMID: 28440734 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217700522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), produced through activation of the alternative complement immune system, modulates lipid metabolism. Using a trans-well co-culture cell model, the mitigating role of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR)-mediated cholinergic pathway on ASP resistance was evaluated. ASP signaling in adipocytes via its receptor C5L2 and signaling intermediates Gαq, Gβ, phosphorylated protein kinase C-α, and protein kinase C-ζ were markedly suppressed in the presence of TNFα or medium from palmitate-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, indicating ASP resistance. There was no direct effect of α7nAChR activation in 3T3-L1 cell culture. However, α7nAChR activation almost completely reversed the ASP resistance in adipocytes co-cultured with palmitate-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Further, α7nAChR activation could suppress the production of pro-inflammatory molecules TNFα and interleukin-6 produced from palmitate-treated co-cultured macrophages. These results suggest that macrophages play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ASP resistance and α7nAChR activation secondarily improves adipose ASP resistance through suppression of inflammation in macrophages. Impact statement 1. Adipocyte-macrophage interaction in acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) resistance 2. Lipotoxicity induced inflammatory response in ASP resistance 3. A vicious circle between lipotoxicity and inflammatory response in ASP resistance 4. Cholinergic modulation of inflammatory response in adipocyte and macrophage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhou-Yang Jiao
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Li
- 3 Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Hui-Ling Lu
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao-Hao Zhang
- 5 Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- 6 Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie and Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Ville de Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Complement in ANCA-associated vasculitis: mechanisms and implications for management. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:359-367. [PMID: 28316335 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of potentially life-threatening autoimmune diseases. The main histological feature in the kidneys of patients with AAV is pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis with little immunoglobulin and complement deposition in the glomerular capillary walls. The complement system was not, therefore, initially thought to be associated with the development of AAV. Accumulating evidence from animal models and clinical observations indicate, however, that activation of the complement system - and the alternative pathway in particular - is crucial for the development of AAV, and that the complement activation product C5a has a central role. Stimulation of neutrophils with C5a and ANCA not only results in the neutrophil respiratory burst and degranulation, but also activates the coagulation system and generates thrombin, thus bridging the inflammation and coagulation systems. In this Review, we provide an overview of the clinical, in vivo and in vitro evidence for a role of complement activation in the development of AAV and discuss how targeting the complement system could provide opportunities for therapy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Cianflone K, Paglialunga S. Regulation of fatty acid transport and storage: influence of acylation-stimulating protein. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD & NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17482970601069185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Ursini F, D’Angelo S, Russo E, Nicolosi K, Gallucci A, Chiaravalloti A, Bruno C, Naty S, De Sarro G, Olivieri I, Grembiale RD. Complement C3 Is the Strongest Predictor of Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity in Psoriatic Arthritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163464. [PMID: 27656896 PMCID: PMC5033360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the correlation between inflammatory measures and whole-body insulin sensitivity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. Methods For the present study, 40 nondiabetic PsA patients were recruited. A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulinogenic index (IGI) and oral disposition index (ODI) were calculated from dynamic values of glucose and insulin obtained during OGTT. Results In our study population, mean ISI was 3.5 ± 2.5, median IGI was 1.2 (0.7–1.8), mean ODI 4.5 ± 4.5. In univariate correlation analysis, ISI correlated inversely with systolic blood pressure (sBP) (R = -0.52, p = 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (dBP) (R = -0.45, p = 0.004) and complement C3 (R = -0.43, p = 0.006) and ODI correlated inversely with sBP (R = -0.38, p = 0.02), dBP (R = -0.35, p = 0.03) and complement C3 (R = -0.37, p = 0.02). No significant correlations were found between analyzed variables and IGI. In a stepwise multiple regression, only complement C3 entered in the regression equation and accounted for approximately 50% of the variance of ISI. Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve we identified the best cut-off for complement C3 of 1.32 g/L that yielded a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 96% for classification of insulin resistant patients. Conclusions In conclusion, our data suggest that serum complement C3 could represent a useful marker of whole-body insulin sensitivity in PsA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ursini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
- Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Salvatore D’Angelo
- Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Kassandra Nicolosi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Caterina Bruno
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Naty
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ignazio Olivieri
- Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Daniela Grembiale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Triantafilou M, Hughes TR, Morgan BP, Triantafilou K. Complementing the inflammasome. Immunology 2016; 147:152-64. [PMID: 26572245 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is an ancient surveillance system able to sense microbial invaders as well as aberrations in normal cell function. No longer viewed as a static and non-specific part of immunity, the innate immune system employs a plethora of specialized pattern recognition sensors to monitor and achieve homeostasis; these include the Toll-like receptors, the retinoic acid-inducible gene-like receptors, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors (NLRs), the C-type lectins and the complement system. In order to increase specificity and diversity, innate immunity uses homotypic and heterotypic associations among these different components. Multi-molecular assemblies are formed both on the cell surface and in the cytosol to respond to pathogen and danger signals. Diverse, but tailored, responses to a changing environment are orchestrated depending on the the nature of the challenge and the repertoire of interacting receptors and components available in the sensing cell. It is now emerging that innate immunity operates a system of 'checks and balances' where interaction among the sensors is key in maintaining normal cell function. Complement sits at the heart of this alarm system and it is becoming apparent that it is capable of interacting with all the other pathways to effect a tailored immune response. In this review, we will focus on complement interactions with NLRs, the so-called 'inflammasomes', describing the molecular mechanisms that have been revealed so far and discussing the circumstantial evidence that exists for these interactions in disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Triantafilou
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bryan Paul Morgan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kathy Triantafilou
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Serum Adipsin Levels throughout Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20073. [PMID: 26832661 PMCID: PMC4735521 DOI: 10.1038/srep20073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipsin is a protease produced at high levels by adipose tissue. It is involved in complement activation and metabolic control. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in adipsin levels during different stages of normal pregnancy, and its association with obstetric outcomes, such as preeclampsia. This nested case-control study in a longitudinal cohort included normal pregnant (n = 54) and preeclamptic (n = 18) women, both followed throughout pregnancy. Additionally, some of the normal pregnant women were followed up three months postpartum (n = 18). Healthy non-pregnant women were also studied during their menstrual cycle (n = 20). The results of this study show that in healthy non-pregnant women, adipsin levels did not change significantly during the menstrual cycle. In normal pregnant women, adipsin levels were lower (p < 0.01) when compared with non-pregnant healthy women, but these serum levels increased again during postpartum (p < 0.001). Adipsin levels were significantly elevated in preeclamptic women in late pregnancy (P < 0.01). A significant correlation was not found between leptin and adipsin during the three periods of gestation studied in healthy pregnant and preeclamptic women. Our results suggest that adipsin may be involved in pregnancy-associated metabolic changes. Moreover, the increase of adipsin levels towards late gestation in preeclamptic women could be related to the pathophysiology of this disease.
Collapse
|
36
|
Pundir P, MacDonald CA, Kulka M. The Novel Receptor C5aR2 Is Required for C5a-Mediated Human Mast Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Proinflammatory Mediator Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2774-87. [PMID: 26283482 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
C5a generated during complement activation possesses proinflammatory and immunoregulatory properties critical for the development and modulation of allergic immune responses. In immune cells, C5a mediates its effects through binding to two G protein-coupled receptors, C5aR1 and C5aR2. Mast cells are key effectors in allergic reactions, and decades of research have suggested that the majority of C5a effects on mast cells are mediated through C5aR1, whereas the expression and function of C5aR2 have not been explored. We demonstrated that the human mast cell line Laboratory of Allergic Diseases 2 (LAD2) expresses surface C5aR2 but not C5aR1, whereas CD34(+) cell-derived primary mast cells do not express surface C5aR1 or C5aR2. Stem cell factor and IL-4 upregulated C5aR2 expression on LAD2 cells. Furthermore, C5a caused internalization of LAD2 cell-surface C5aR2. We therefore used LAD2 cells as a model to study C5a/C5aR2-induced biological responses and signaling in human mast cells. We found that whereas C5a was unable to induce degranulation, it stimulated GM-CSF, TNF, CXCL10, and CCL2 production. C5a caused ERK phosphorylation, a signaling molecule important in cytokine and chemokine generation. In addition, C5a stimulated adhesion and chemotaxis of mast cells. Wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K, and small interfering RNA against β-arrestin-2 blocked C5a-induced adhesion. Silencing of C5aR2 using lentiviral short hairpin RNA rendered the cells unresponsive to C5a-induced adhesion, chemotaxis, and mediator release, as well as ERK phosphorylation. Overall, this study reveals a novel role for C5aR2 in C5a-mediated activation of mast cells and demonstrates that C5aR2 ligation initiates a β-arrestin-2-, PI3K-, and ERK-dependent signaling pathway in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pundir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Clayton A MacDonald
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada; and
| | - Marianna Kulka
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang RM, Liu F, He ZD, Ji M, Chu XX, Kang ZY, Cai DY, Gao NN. Anti-obesity effect of total phenylpropanoid glycosides from Ligustrum robustum Blume in fatty diet-fed mice via up-regulating leptin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:459-465. [PMID: 25576894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Chinese folk medicine, the leaves of Ligustrum robustum Blume (LR) were commonly used in the treatment of obesity and hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effect and mechanisms of total phenylpropanoid glycosides from Ligustrum robustum Blume (LRTPG) in fatty diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into 6 groups, i.e., control, model, positive (Orlistat 0.12g/kg), and LRTPG at three dosages (0.3, 0.6 or 1.2g/kg), respectively. Control mice were fed with standard diet; the others were fed with fatty diet. After 4 weeks׳ modeling, therapy mice were intragastrically administrated with positive drug or LRTPG for 5 weeks, respectively. Pharmacodynamic effects including body weight, fat weight, Lee׳s index, serum lipid levels, morphological changes and adipocyte area ratio were evaluated. The mechanisms were explored as the factors related to lipids metabolism in gene expressions by real-time PCR, and assured as the protein level of differential gene by Western blotting. RESULTS The anti-obesity effects of LRTPG in all treated mice were shown as decreased body weight, fat mass, Lee׳s index, total cholesterol (TC) level, and adipocyte area. The mechanisms were demonstrated as elevated mRNA and protein levels of adipose leptin, and consequently decreasing mRNA of adipose acyl coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) with increasing mRNA of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), which led to inhibition of triglyceride (TG) synthesis and promotion of cholesterol catabolism. CONCLUSIONS The anti-obesity effect of LRTPG in fatty diet-fed mice was related to the up-regulation of leptin, which may provide scientific evidence supporting the traditional usage of LR on obesity in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run-mei Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen-dan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Min Ji
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-xin Chu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhuo-ying Kang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Da-yong Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Nan-nan Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Coulthard LG, Woodruff TM. Is the complement activation product C3a a proinflammatory molecule? Re-evaluating the evidence and the myth. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3542-8. [PMID: 25848071 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complement activation product C3a is often described as a proinflammatory mediator, alongside its downstream cousin, C5a. However, emerging studies show that C3a has several anti-inflammatory facets in vivo. For example, in the acute inflammatory response, C3a acts in direct opposition to C5a, through preventing the accumulation of neutrophils in inflamed tissues by independently regulating their mobilization. This acute, protective, and opposing activity of C3a to C5a is also illustrated in models of septicemia. In this article, we reinvestigate the discovery and original classification of C3a as a proinflammatory mediator and highlight the emerging studies demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects for C3a in the immune response. It is our hope that this review illuminates these apparently contradictory roles for C3a and challenges the general dogma surrounding C3a, which, historically, has ubiquitously been described as a proinflammatory mediator. In light of this, we urge investigators to use "inflammatory modulator" as the descriptor for C3a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Coulthard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zheng YY, Xie X, Ma YT, Yang YN, Fu ZY, Li XM, Pan S, Adi D, Chen BD, Liu F. Association of C5aR1genetic polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in a Han population in Xinjiang, China. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:33. [PMID: 25924896 PMCID: PMC4414445 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complement 5a receptor (C5aR) was demonstrated a receptor of complement 5a (C5a) which is involved in many inflammatory diseases. The functional responses attributed to C5a results from its interaction with its receptors C5aR, which stimulates food intake, plays a role in increasing the inflammatory response in adipose tissue as well as the cardiovascular and neural systems. However, There are unknown associations between the SNPs of C5aR1 gene and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We examined the role of the tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C5aR1 gene for CAD using a case–control design, and determined the prevalence of C5aR1 genotypes in 505 CAD patients and 469 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects of Han population. Results The rs10853784 was found to be associated with CAD in dominant model (CC vs TT + CT, P = 0.004). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (OR = 1.430, 95% CI: 1.087 ~ 1.882, P = 0.011). There was no significant difference in genotype distributions of rs4577202 and rs7250152 between CAD patients and control subjects. The frequency of the haplotype (A-T-C) was significantly higher in the CAD patients than in the controls (P = 0.035), and the haplotype (A-C-T) was significantly lower in the CAD patients than in the control subjects in Chinese Han population (P = 0.002). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that rs10853784 of C5aR1 gene are associated with CAD in Han population of China, and A-C-T haplotypes may be protective genetic marker and the A-T-C may be risk genetic marker for CAD in Chinese Han population. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2054871241495194.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Zhen-Yan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Shuo Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Dilare Adi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu Y, Fisette A, Lapointe M, Cianflone K. C5L2 Deficiency Enhances Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE Knockout Mice. Chin Med 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2015.61007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
41
|
Abstract
Complement is traditionally known to be a system of serum proteins that provide protection against pathogens through direct cell lysis and the mobilization of innate and adaptive immunity. However, recent work indicates that the complement system has additional physiological roles beyond those in host defence. In this Opinion article, we describe the new modes and locations of complement activation that enable it to interact with other cell effector systems, such as growth factor receptors, inflammasomes and metabolic pathways. We propose that the location of complement activation dictates its function.
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu Y, Gupta P, Lapointe M, Yotsapon T, Sarat S, Cianflone K. Acylation stimulating protein, complement C3 and lipid metabolism in ketosis-prone diabetic subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109237. [PMID: 25275325 PMCID: PMC4183552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ketosis-prone diabetes (KPDM) is new-onset diabetic ketoacidosis without precipitating factors in non-type 1 diabetic patients; after management, some are withdrawn from exogenous insulin, although determining factors remain unclear. Methods Twenty KPDM patients and twelve type 1 diabetic patients (T1DM), evaluated at baseline, 12 and 24 months with/without insulin maintenance underwent a standardized mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) for 2 h. Results At baseline, triglyceride and C3 were higher during MMTT in KPDM vs. T1DM (p<0.0001) with no differences in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) while Acylation Stimulating Protein (ASP) tended to be higher. Within 12 months, 11 KPDM were withdrawn from insulin treatment (KPDM-ins), while 9 were maintained (KPDM+ins). NEFA was lower in KPDM-ins vs. KPDM+ins at baseline (p = 0.0006), 12 months (p<0.0001) and 24 months (p<0.0001) during MMTT. NEFA in KPDM-ins decreased over 30–120 minutes (p<0.05), but not in KPDM+ins. Overall, C3 was higher in KPDM-ins vs KPDM+ins at 12 months (p = 0.0081) and 24 months (p = 0.0019), while ASP was lower at baseline (p = 0.0024) and 12 months (p = 0.0281), with a decrease in ASP/C3 ratio. Conclusions Notwithstanding greater adiposity in KPDM-ins, greater NEFA decreases and lower ASP levels during MMTT suggest better insulin and ASP sensitivity in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thewjitcharoen Yotsapon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunthornyothin Sarat
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Qu LH, Jin X, Li LM, Li SY, Xie HP. A novel mutation in C5L2 gene was associated with hyperlipidemia and retinitis pigmentosa in a Chinese family. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:75. [PMID: 24885523 PMCID: PMC4084569 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies indicated that hyperlipidemia was associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We aimed to identify the mutations in the C5L2 gene which was reported to be associated with hyperlipidemia in a Chinese family with (RP). Methods The Proband from the family was screened for mutations in the C5L2 gene that was known to cause hyperlipidemia. Cosegregation analysis was performed in the available family members. Linkage analysis was performed for one missense mutation to calculate the likelihood of its pathogenicity. One hundred and fifty unrelated, healthy Chinese subjects were screened to exclude nonpathogenic polymorphisms. Results By direct sequencing method, we identified a novel mutation (Thr196Asn) in C5L2 gene. In this family, each affected family members with RP showed a heterozygous mutation in the C5L2 gene. And all the carriers with heterozygous mutation have increased serum lipid levels in this family. Conclusions The present study has extended the mutation spectrum of C5L2, and Thr196Asn mutations in C5L2 were associated with RP and serum lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shi-Ying Li
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gupta A, Rezvani R, Lapointe M, Poursharifi P, Marceau P, Tiwari S, Tchernof A, Cianflone K. Downregulation of complement C3 and C3aR expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95478. [PMID: 24743347 PMCID: PMC3990631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central component of the complement system, C3, is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease however the underlying reasons are unknown. In the present study we evaluated gene expression of C3, the cleavage product C3a/C3adesArg and its cognate receptor C3aR in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in women. METHODS Women (n = 140, 21-69 years, BMI 19.5-79 kg/m2) were evaluated for anthropometric and blood parameters, and adipose tissue gene expression. RESULTS Subjects were separated into groups (n = 34-36) according to obesity: normal/overweight (≤30 kg/m2), obese I (≤45 kg/m2), obese II (≤51 kg/m2), and obese III (≤80 kg/m2). Overall, while omental expression remained unchanged, subcutaneous C3 and C3aR gene expression decreased with increasing adiposity (2-way ANOVA, p<0.01), with a concomitant decrease in SC/OM ratio (p<0.001). In subcutaneous adipose, both C3 and C3aR expression correlated with apoB, and apoA1 and inversely with waist circumference and blood pressure, while C3aR also correlated with glucose (p<0.05-0.0001). While omental C3aR expression did not correlate with any factor, omental C3 correlated with waist circumference, glucose and apoB (all p<0.05). Further, while plasma C3a/C3adesArg increased and adiponectin decreased with increasing BMI, both correlated (C3a negatively and adiponectin positively) with subcutaneous C3 and C3aR expression (p<0.05-0.001) or less). CONCLUSIONS The obesity-induced down-regulation of complement C3 and C3aR which is specific to subcutaneous adipose tissue, coupled to the strong correlations with multiple anthropometric, plasma and adipokine variables support a potential role for complement in immunometabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pegah Poursharifi
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Picard Marceau
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sunita Tiwari
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andre Tchernof
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Poursharifi P, Lapointe M, Fisette A, Lu H, Roy C, Munkonda MN, Fairlie DP, Cianflone K. C5aR and C5L2 act in concert to balance immunometabolism in adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:325-333. [PMID: 24397921 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that the immunometabolic receptors; C5aR and C5L2, constitutively self-associate into homo-/heterodimers and that acylation stimulating protein (ASP/C3adesArg) or C5a treatment of adipocytes increased their colocalization. The present study evaluates the C5aR contribution in adipocytes to the metabolic and immune responses elicited by ligand stimulation. The effects of C5a, ASP, and insulin on cytokine production, triglyceride synthesis (TGS), and key signaling pathways were evaluated in isolated primary adipocytes and cultured 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. In addition, mRNA expression of IRS1 and PGC1α was compared in adipose tissue samples from WT vs. C5aRKO mice. Both C5a and ASP directly increased MCP-1 (238±4%; P<0.001, and 377±2% vs. basal 100%; P<0.001, respectively) and KC (413±11%; P<0.001, and 529±16%; P<0.001 vs. basal 100%, respectively) secretion, TGS (131±1%; P<0.001, and 152±6%; P<0.001, vs. basal 100% respectively), and Akt/NFκB phosphorylation pathways in adipocytes. However, in C5aRKO adipocytes, C5a effects were disrupted, while stimulatory effects of ASP were mostly maintained. Addition of C5a completely blocked ASP signaling and activity in both C5aRKO and WT adipocytes as well as 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, C5aRKO adipocytes revealed impaired insulin stimulation of cytokine production, with partial impairment of signaling and TGS stimulation, consistent with decreased IRS1 and PGC1α mRNA expression in adipose tissue. These observations indicate the importance of C5aR in adipose tissue metabolism and immunity, which may be regulated through heterodimerization with C5L2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Poursharifi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Fisette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Huiling Lu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mercedes Nancy Munkonda
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Association of immune and metabolic receptors C5aR and C5L2 with adiposity in women. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:413921. [PMID: 24523571 PMCID: PMC3913464 DOI: 10.1155/2014/413921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue receptors C5aR and C5L2 and their heterodimerization/functionality and interaction with ligands C5a and acylation stimulating protein (ASP) have been evaluated in cell and rodent studies. Their contribution to obesity factors in humans remains unclear. We hypothesized that C5a receptors, classically required for host defense, are also associated with adiposity. Anthropometry and fasting blood parameters were measured in 136 women divided by body mass index (BMI): normal/overweight (≤30 kg/m(2); n = 34), obese I (≤45 kg/m(2); n = 33), obese II (≤51 kg/m(2); n = 33), and obese III (≤80 kg/m(2); n = 36). Subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue C5aR and C5L2 expression were analysed. C5L2 expression was comparable between subcutaneous and omental across all BMI groups. Plasma ASP and ASP/omental C5L2 expression increased with BMI (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, resp.). While plasma C5a was unchanged, C5aR expression decreased with increasing BMI in subcutaneous and omental tissues (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, resp.), with subcutaneous omental depots. Omental C5L2/C5aR ratio increased with BMI (P < 0.01) with correlations between C5L2/C5aR and waist circumference, HDL-C, and adiponectin. Tissue and BMI differences in receptors and ligands, particularly in omental, suggest relationship to metabolic disturbances and highlight adipose-immune interactions.
Collapse
|
47
|
Farahbakhsh-Farsi P, Djalali M, Koohdani F, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Eshraghian MR, Javanbakht MH, Chamari M, Djazayery A. Effect of omega-3 supplementation versus placebo on acylation stimulating protein receptor gene expression in type 2 diabetics. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:1. [PMID: 24393631 PMCID: PMC3937173 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomized controlled trial investigated the role of omega-3 supplementation on C5L2 gene expression in type 2 diabetics. METHODS Subjects in the omega-3 group received 4 g omega-3 per day and subjects in the placebo group took four capsules of placebo per day for 10 weeks. Gene expression was measured by RT- PCR at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS The results of this study show depletion in the omega-3 group, but the mean difference between two groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the effect of the omega-3 pathway could contribute to targeting treatment of diabetes and its comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rezvani R, Smith J, Lapointe M, Marceau P, Tchernof A, Cianflone K. Complement receptors C5aR and C5L2 are associated with metabolic profile, sex hormones, and liver enzymes in obese women pre- and postbariatric surgery. J Obes 2014; 2014:383102. [PMID: 24796007 PMCID: PMC3984800 DOI: 10.1155/2014/383102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction with sex differences and chronic, low-grade inflammation.We proposed that hepatic expression of immune complement C3 related receptors (C3aR, C5aR, and C5L2) would be associated with pre- or postmenopausal status and metabolic profile in severely obese women. We hypothesized that C5L2/C5aR ratio, potentially influencing the ASP/C5L2 metabolic versus C5a/C5aR immune response, would predict metabolic profiles after weight loss surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fasting plasma (hormone, lipid, and enzyme analysis) and liver biopsies (RT-PCR gene expression) were obtained from 91 women during surgery. RESULTS Hepatic C5L2 mRNA expression was elevated in pre- versus postmenopausal women (P < 0.01) and correlated positively with circulating estradiol, estrone, ApoB, ApoA1, ApoA1/B, waist circumference, age, and LDL-C (all P < 0.05).While plasma ASP was lower in pre- versus postmenopausal women (P < 0.01), the hepatic C5L2/C5aR mRNA ratio was increased (P < 0.001) and correlated positively with estrone (P < 0.01) and estradiol (P < 0.001) and negatively with circulating ApoB and liver enzymes ALT, AST, and GGT (all P < 0.05). Over 12 months postoperatively, liver enzymes in low C5L2/C5aR mRNA ratio group remained higher (ALP and ALT, P < 0.05, AST and GGT, P < 0.001 2-way-ANOVA). CONCLUSION C5L2-C5aR association with other mediators including estrogens may contribute to hepatic metabolic and inflammatory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezvani
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Jessica Smith
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Picard Marceau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Andre Tchernof
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
- *Katherine Cianflone:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zheng YY, Xie X, Ma YT, Yang YN, Fu ZY, Li XM, Ma X, Chen BD, Liu F. A novel polymorphism (901G > a) of C5L2 gene is associated with coronary artery disease in Chinese Han and Uyghur population. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:139. [PMID: 24073849 PMCID: PMC3850511 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C5L2, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has been demonstrated to be a ligand for acylation-stimulating protein (ASP). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association of a novel variation (901A > G) of C5L2 gene with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We identified a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), (901G > A), in exon 2 using a polymerase chain reaction direct-sequencing method. This nucleotide change causes the amino-acid order from Arginine to glutaminate at codon 300. We analyzed the relationship between this SNP and CAD in two independent case-control studies: one was in a Han population (492 CAD patients and 577 control subjects) and the other was in a Uygur population (319 CAD patients and 554 control subjects). RESULTS The frequency of AG genotype in CAD subjects was less than that in the control subjects not only in Han (1.8% vs 8.6%, P < 0.001, OR = 0.143, 95% CI: 0.068 ~ 0.302) but also in Uygur population (0.9% vs 5.2%, P = 0.001, OR = 0.246, 95% CI: 0.072 ~ 0.837). After adjustment for known CAD risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, age and gender, the difference remained significant. CONCLUSION The 901G > A polymorphism of C5L2 may be a genetic maker of CAD in the Han and Uygur population in western China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P,R, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|