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Brockmöller S, Worek F, Rothmiller S. Protein networking: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and their protein-protein-associations. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1627-1642. [PMID: 38771378 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are complex transmembrane proteins involved in neurotransmission in the nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction. nAChR disorders may lead to severe, potentially fatal pathophysiological states. To date, the receptor has been the focus of basic and applied research to provide novel therapeutic interventions. Since most studies have investigated only the nAChR itself, it is necessary to consider the receptor as part of its protein network to understand or elucidate-specific pathways. On its way through the secretory pathway, the receptor interacts with several chaperones and proteins. This review takes a closer look at these molecular interactions and focuses especially on endoplasmic reticulum biogenesis, secretory pathway sorting, Golgi maturation, plasma membrane presentation, retrograde internalization, and recycling. Additional knowledge regarding the nAChR protein network may lead to a more detailed comprehension of the fundamental pathomechanisms of diseases or may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Brockmöller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Simone Rothmiller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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2
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Cox RM, Papoulas O, Shril S, Lee C, Gardner T, Battenhouse AM, Lee M, Drew K, McWhite CD, Yang D, Leggere JC, Durand D, Hildebrandt F, Wallingford JB, Marcotte EM. Ancient eukaryotic protein interactions illuminate modern genetic traits and disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.595818. [PMID: 38853926 PMCID: PMC11160598 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.595818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
All eukaryotes share a common ancestor from roughly 1.5 - 1.8 billion years ago, a single-celled, swimming microbe known as LECA, the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor. Nearly half of the genes in modern eukaryotes were present in LECA, and many current genetic diseases and traits stem from these ancient molecular systems. To better understand these systems, we compared genes across modern organisms and identified a core set of 10,092 shared protein-coding gene families likely present in LECA, a quarter of which are uncharacterized. We then integrated >26,000 mass spectrometry proteomics analyses from 31 species to infer how these proteins interact in higher-order complexes. The resulting interactome describes the biochemical organization of LECA, revealing both known and new assemblies. We analyzed these ancient protein interactions to find new human gene-disease relationships for bone density and congenital birth defects, demonstrating the value of ancestral protein interactions for guiding functional genetics today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Cox
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ophelia Papoulas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chanjae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tynan Gardner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anna M Battenhouse
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Muyoung Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kevin Drew
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Claire D McWhite
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David Yang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Janelle C Leggere
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Dannie Durand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 5th Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Marsilia C, Batra M, Pokrovskaya ID, Wang C, Chaput D, Naumova DA, Lupashin VV, Suvorova ES. Essential role of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex in Toxoplasma gondii. mBio 2023; 14:e0251323. [PMID: 37966241 PMCID: PMC10746232 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02513-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Golgi is an essential eukaryotic organelle and a major place for protein sorting and glycosylation. Among apicomplexan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii retains the most developed Golgi structure and produces many glycosylated factors necessary for parasite survival. Despite its importance, Golgi function received little attention in the past. In the current study, we identified and characterized the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex and its novel partners critical for protein transport in T. gondii tachyzoites. Our results suggest that T. gondii broadened the role of the conserved elements and reinvented the missing components of the trafficking machinery to accommodate the specific needs of the opportunistic parasite T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clem Marsilia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mrinalini Batra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Irina D. Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Changqi Wang
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Proteomics Core, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Daria A. Naumova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elena S. Suvorova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Ahmadi M, Najari-Hanjani P, Ghaffarnia R, Ghaderian SMH, Mousavi P, Ghafouri-Fard S. The hsa-miR-3613-5p, a potential oncogene correlated with diagnostic and prognostic merits in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154903. [PMID: 37879147 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-3613 (hsa-miR-3613-5p), a biomarker with a dual role as an oncogenic or tumor suppressor, is associated with different types of cancer. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the hsa-miR-3613-5p gene expression and Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Utilizing several bioinformatics tools, we examined the expression level and clinicopathological value of hsa-miR-3613-5p in patients with KIRC compared to normal tissues. Other bioinformatic measures, including survival analysis, diagnostic merit of hsa-miR-3613-5p, downstream target prediction, potential upstream lncRNAs, network construction, and functional enrichment analysis of hsa-miR-3613-5p, were performed. We observed that overexpression of hsa-miR-3613-5p in KIRC tissues had valuable diagnostic merit and was significantly correlated with the poor overall survival of KIRC patients. We also realized a correlation between abnormal expression of hsa-miR-3613-5p and several clinical parameters such as pathological stage, race, age, and histological grades in patients with KIRC. Moreover, we constructed the most potential regulatory network of hsa-miR-3613-5p in KIRC with 17 different axes, including four pseudogenes, two lncRNAs, and three mRNAs. Besides, we uncovered six variants in the mature form of hsa-miR-3613-5p. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the top-ranked pathways for hsa-miR-3613-5p are cell cycle, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and hepatocellular carcinoma pathways. The present report suggests that the higher expression of hsa-miR-3613-5p is associated with the progression of KIRC. Therefore, it may be considered a valuable indicator for the early detection, risk stratification, and targeted treatment of patients with KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Najari-Hanjani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Roya Ghaffarnia
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pegah Mousavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Sumya FT, Pokrovskaya ID, D'Souza Z, Lupashin VV. Acute COG complex inactivation unveiled its immediate impact on Golgi and illuminated the nature of intra-Golgi recycling vesicles. Traffic 2023; 24:52-75. [PMID: 36468177 PMCID: PMC9969905 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex controls Golgi trafficking and glycosylation, but the precise COG mechanism is unknown. The auxin-inducible acute degradation system was employed to investigate initial defects resulting from COG dysfunction. We found that acute COG inactivation caused a massive accumulation of COG-dependent (CCD) vesicles that carry the bulk of Golgi enzymes and resident proteins. v-SNAREs (GS15, GS28) and v-tethers (giantin, golgin84, and TMF1) were relocalized into CCD vesicles, while t-SNAREs (STX5, YKT6), t-tethers (GM130, p115), and most of Rab proteins remained Golgi-associated. Airyscan microscopy and velocity gradient analysis revealed that different Golgi residents are segregated into different populations of CCD vesicles. Acute COG depletion significantly affected three Golgi-based vesicular coats-COPI, AP1, and GGA, suggesting that COG uniquely orchestrates tethering of multiple types of intra-Golgi CCD vesicles produced by different coat machineries. This study provided the first detailed view of primary cellular defects associated with COG dysfunction in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Taher Sumya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
| | - Irina D. Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
| | - Zinia D'Souza
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
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Modeling N-Glycosylation: A Systems Biology Approach for Evaluating Changes in the Steady-State Organization of Golgi-Resident Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:663-690. [PMID: 36512244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The organization of Golgi-resident proteins is crucial for sorting molecules within the secretory pathway and regulating posttranslational modifications. However, evaluating changes to Golgi organization can be challenging, often requiring extensive experimental investigations. Here, we propose a systems biology approach in which changes to Golgi-resident protein sorting and localization can be deduced using cellular N-glycan profiles as the only experimental input.The approach detailed here utilizes the influence of Golgi organization on N-glycan biosynthesis to investigate the mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining Golgi organization. While N-glycosylation is carried out in a non-template-driven manner, the distribution of N-glycan biosynthetic enzymes within the Golgi ensures this process is not completely random. Therefore, changes to N-glycan profiles provide clues into how altered cell phenotypes affect the sorting and localization of Golgi-resident proteins. Here, we generate a stochastic simulation of N-glycan biosynthesis to produce a simulated glycan profile similar to that obtained experimentally and then combine this with Bayesian fitting to enable inference of changes in enzyme amounts and localizations. Alterations to Golgi organization are evaluated by calculating how the fitted enzyme parameters shift when moving from simulating the glycan profile of one cellular state (e.g., a wild type) to an altered cellular state (e.g., a mutant). Our approach illustrates how an iterative combination of mathematical systems biology and minimal experimental cell biology can be utilized to maximally integrate biological knowledge to gain insightful knowledge of the underlying mechanisms in a manner inaccessible to either alone.
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Lata S, Mishra R, Arya RP, Arora P, Lahon A, Banerjea AC, Sood V. Where all the Roads Meet? A Crossover Perspective on Host Factors Regulating SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167403. [PMID: 34914966 PMCID: PMC8666384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the latest pandemic which has thrown the world into an unprecedented social and economic uncertainties along with huge loss to humanity. Identification of the host factors regulating the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human host may help in the development of novel anti-viral therapies to combat the viral infection and spread. Recently, some research groups used genome-wide CRISPR/Cas screening to identify the host factors critical for the SARS-CoV-2 replication and infection. A comparative analysis of these significant host factors (p < 0.05) identified fifteen proteins common in these studies. Apart from ACE2 (receptor for SARS-CoV-2 attachment), other common host factors were CSNK2B, GDI2, SLC35B2, DDX51, VPS26A, ARPP-19, C1QTNF7, ALG6, LIMA1, COG3, COG8, BCOR, LRRN2 and TLR9. Additionally, viral interactome of these host factors revealed that many of them were associated with several SARS-CoV-2 proteins as well. Interestingly, some of these host factors have already been shown to be critical for the pathogenesis of other viruses suggesting their crucial role in virus-host interactions. Here, we review the functions of these host factors and their role in other diseases with special emphasis on viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Lata
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Mishra
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi P. Arya
- KSBS, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Arora
- Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Akhil C. Banerjea
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Kerala, India,Corresponding authors
| | - Vikas Sood
- Biochemistry Department, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India,Corresponding authors
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8
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Pla-Prats C, Thomä NH. Quality control of protein complex assembly by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:696-706. [PMID: 35300891 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The majority of human proteins operate as multimeric complexes with defined compositions and distinct architectures. How the assembly of these complexes is surveyed and how defective complexes are recognized is just beginning to emerge. In eukaryotes, over 600 E3 ubiquitin ligases form part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) which detects structural characteristics in its target proteins and selectively induces their degradation. The UPS has recently been shown to oversee key quality control steps during the assembly of protein complexes. We review recent findings on how E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate protein complex assembly and highlight unanswered questions relating to their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pla-Prats
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas H Thomä
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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D’Souza Z, Sumya FT, Khakurel A, Lupashin V. Getting Sugar Coating Right! The Role of the Golgi Trafficking Machinery in Glycosylation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123275. [PMID: 34943782 PMCID: PMC8699264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is the central organelle of the secretory pathway and it houses the majority of the glycosylation machinery, which includes glycosylation enzymes and sugar transporters. Correct compartmentalization of the glycosylation machinery is achieved by retrograde vesicular trafficking as the secretory cargo moves forward by cisternal maturation. The vesicular trafficking machinery which includes vesicular coats, small GTPases, tethers and SNAREs, play a major role in coordinating the Golgi trafficking thereby achieving Golgi homeostasis. Glycosylation is a template-independent process, so its fidelity heavily relies on appropriate localization of the glycosylation machinery and Golgi homeostasis. Mutations in the glycosylation enzymes, sugar transporters, Golgi ion channels and several vesicle tethering factors cause congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) which encompass a group of multisystem disorders with varying severities. Here, we focus on the Golgi vesicle tethering and fusion machinery, namely, multisubunit tethering complexes and SNAREs and their role in Golgi trafficking and glycosylation. This review is a comprehensive summary of all the identified CDG causing mutations of the Golgi trafficking machinery in humans.
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Component of oligomeric Golgi complex 1 deficiency leads to hypoglycemia: a case report and literature review. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:442. [PMID: 34625039 PMCID: PMC8499485 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of metabolic diseases with clinical and genetic heterogeneity, and CDG-IIg is one of the rare reported types of CDG. The aim of this study is to report the clinical manifestations and gene-phenotype characteristics of a rare case of CDG caused by a COG1 gene mutation and review literatures of CDG disease. Case presentation The patient was male, and the main clinical symptoms were developmental retardation, convulsion, strabismus, and hypoglycemia, which is rarely reported in CDG-IIg. We treated the patient with glucose infusion and he was recovered from hypoglycemia. Genetic analysis showed that the patient carried the heterozygous intron mutation c.1070 + 3A > G (splicing) in the coding region of the COG1 gene that was inherited from the mother, and the heterozygous mutation c.2492G > A (p. Arg831Gln) in exon 10 of the COG1 gene that was inherited from the father. The genes interacting with COG1 were mainly involved in the transport and composition of the Golgi. The clinical data and laboratory results from a patient diagnosed with CDG-IIg were analyzed, and the causative gene mutation was identified by high-throughput sequencing. The genes and signal pathways related to COG1 were analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. Conclusions The c.2492G > A (p. Arg831Gln) mutation in exon 10 of the COG1 gene may be a potential pathogenetic variant for CDG-IIg. Because of the various manifestations of CDG in clinical practice, multidisciplinary collaboration is important for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02922-7.
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Abnormal Expression and Prognosis Value of COG Complex Members in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC). DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4570235. [PMID: 34539936 PMCID: PMC8443394 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4570235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most aggressive subtype of kidney tumours with poor prognosis as well as the increasing incidence rate in worldwide. The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is an eight-subunit (Cog1-8) peripheral Golgi protein that controls membrane trafficking and protein glycosylation and plays vital roles in human disease including cancers. Therefore, to uncover the prognostic value of COG complex in KIRC, a series of databases, including UALCAN database, GEPIA database, and Kaplan-Meier plotter, were used to analyse the mRNA expression of COG complex subunits and their prognostic values in patients with KIRC in this study. Compared with normal counterparts, mRNA expression of six COG complex subunits was significantly downregulated in KIRC tissue in UALCAN database, while COG4 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in KIRC tissue. Moreover, the survival analysis indicated that all members of COG complex subunits were closely related with the prognosis of KIRC patients, while COG1 and COG4 were significantly associated with unfavourable overall survival (OS), the rest of COG complex subunits were importantly correlated with favourable OS. Simultaneously, higher mRNA expression of COG3, COG6, and COG8 exhibits better progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in KIRC patients. These results identified that COG complex subunits, especially COG3, COG6, and COG8, are potential prognostic biomarkers of KIRC patients and may offer effective and new strategies for more accurately diagnosing the patients with KIRC in advance.
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12
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Klink VP, Darwish O, Alkharouf NW, Lawaju BR, Khatri R, Lawrence KS. Conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex genes functioning in defense are expressed in root cells undergoing a defense response to a pathogenic infection and exhibit regulation my MAPKs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256472. [PMID: 34437620 PMCID: PMC8389442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex maintains correct Golgi structure and function during retrograde trafficking. Glycine max has 2 paralogs of each COG gene, with one paralog of each gene family having a defense function to the parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines. Experiments presented here show G. max COG paralogs functioning in defense are expressed specifically in the root cells (syncytia) undergoing the defense response. The expressed defense COG gene COG7-2-b is an alternate splice variant, indicating specific COG variants are important to defense. Transcriptomic experiments examining RNA isolated from COG overexpressing and RNAi roots show some COG genes co-regulate the expression of other COG complex genes. Examining signaling events responsible for COG expression, transcriptomic experiments probing MAPK overexpressing roots show their expression influences the relative transcript abundance of COG genes as compared to controls. COG complex paralogs are shown to be found in plants that are agriculturally relevant on a world-wide scale including Manihot esculenta, Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Brassica rapa, Elaes guineensis and Saccharum officinalis and in additional crops significant to U.S. agriculture including Beta vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum and Gossypium hirsutum. The analyses provide basic information on COG complex biology, including the coregulation of some COG genes and that MAPKs functioning in defense influence their expression. Furthermore, it appears in G. max and likely other crops that some level of neofunctionalization of the duplicated genes is occurring. The analysis has identified important avenues for future research broadly in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P. Klink
- USDA ARS NEA BARC Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Omar Darwish
- Department of Mathematics Computer Science, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Nadim W. Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States of America
| | - Bisho R. Lawaju
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Rishi Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, United States of America
| | - Kathy S. Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
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Zhao P, Zhang L, Tan L, Luo S, Huang Y, Peng H, Cao J, He X. Genetic analysis and prenatal diagnosis in a Chinese with growth retardation, abnormal liver function, and microcephaly. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1751. [PMID: 34331832 PMCID: PMC8457690 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by defects in the synthesis and processing of glycoproteins. COG6‐CDG is a kind of disorder caused by conserved oligomeric golgi complex 6 (COG6) deficiency. To date, only 19 patients with COG6‐CDG have been reported. Methods We report a girl in a Chinese family with developmental delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, abnormal liver function, and hypohidrosis. Trio whole‐exome sequencing was performed for this patient and her parents, and the variants identified were validated by Sanger sequencing. Prenatal diagnosis was done for this family during a subsequent pregnancy. The literature review on these patients was performed by reviewing articles published in English and Chinese. Results Genetic sequencing identified two novel heterozygous mutations: c.428G>T (p.S143I) and c.1843C>T (p.Q615X) in the COG6 gene, inherited from her healthy parents, respectively. A total of 11 different mutations in COG6 have been reported previously, and mutations potentially affecting splicing are the most common. The main clinical features included development delay, facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, skin abnormalities (hypohidrosis), microcephaly, abnormal brain structure, liver involvement, and recurrent infections. Conclusion Our work broadens the mutation spectrum of COG6 gene and states the importance of whole‐exome sequencing in facilitating the definitive diagnosis of this disorder and prenatal diagnosis in a subsequent pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Zhao
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li Tan
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Sukun Luo
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hanming Peng
- Gastroenterology Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiangxia Cao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xuelian He
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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14
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Lugli L, Bariola MC, Ferri L, Lucaccioni L, Bertucci E, Cattini U, Torcetta F, Morrone A, Iughetti L, Berardi A. Disorder of sex development associated with a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in COG6 expands the phenotypic spectrum of COG6-CDG. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1187-1194. [PMID: 33394555 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of metabolic disorders that result from abnormal protein glycosylation. A special subgroup of CDG type II comprises defects in the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex (COG). In order to further delineate the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of COG complex defect, we describe a novel variant of COG6 gene found in homozygosity in a Moroccan patient with severe presentation of COG6-CDG (OMIM #614576). We compared the phenotype of our patient with other previously reported COG6-CDG cases. Common features in COG6-CDG are facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, microcephaly, developmental disability, liver or gastrointestinal disease, recurrent infections, hypohidrosis/hyperthermia. In addition to these phenotypic features, our patient exhibited a disorder of sexual differentiation, which has rarely been reported in COG6-CDG. We hypothesize that the severe COG6 gene mutation interferes with glycosylation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease family members, inhibiting the correct gonadal distal tip cells migration, fundamental for the genitalia morphogenesis. This report broadens the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of COG6-CDG and provides further supportive evidence that COG6-CDG can present as a disorder of sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Lugli
- Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Carolina Bariola
- Post-graduated School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Pediatric Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Emma Bertucci
- Obstetric-Gynecology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Umberto Cattini
- Post-graduated School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Torcetta
- Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Post-graduated School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Berardi
- Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
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15
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The Close Relationship between the Golgi Trafficking Machinery and Protein Glycosylation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122652. [PMID: 33321764 PMCID: PMC7764369 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins; it mediates their correct folding and stability, as well as their transport through the secretory transport. Changes in N- and O-linked glycans have been associated with multiple pathological conditions including congenital disorders of glycosylation, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Glycoprotein glycosylation at the Golgi involves the coordinated action of hundreds of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which are maintained at the correct location through retrograde vesicle trafficking between Golgi cisternae. In this review, we describe the molecular machinery involved in vesicle trafficking and tethering at the Golgi apparatus and the effects of mutations in the context of glycan biosynthesis and human diseases.
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16
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D'Souza Z, Taher FS, Lupashin VV. Golgi inCOGnito: From vesicle tethering to human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129694. [PMID: 32730773 PMCID: PMC7384418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a multi-subunit vesicle tethering complex of the CATCHR (Complexes Associated with Tethering Containing Helical Rods) family, controls several aspects of cellular homeostasis by orchestrating retrograde vesicle traffic within the Golgi. The COG complex interacts with all key players regulating intra-Golgi trafficking, namely SNAREs, SNARE-interacting proteins, Rabs, coiled-coil tethers, and vesicular coats. In cells, COG deficiencies result in the accumulation of non-tethered COG-complex dependent (CCD) vesicles, dramatic morphological and functional abnormalities of the Golgi and endosomes, severe defects in N- and O- glycosylation, Golgi retrograde trafficking, sorting and protein secretion. In humans, COG mutations lead to severe multi-systemic diseases known as COG-Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (COG-CDG). In this report, we review the current knowledge of the COG complex and analyze COG-related trafficking and glycosylation defects in COG-CDG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinia D'Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Farhana S Taher
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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17
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Realegeno S, Priyamvada L, Kumar A, Blackburn JB, Hartloge C, Puschnik AS, Sambhara S, Olson VA, Carette JE, Lupashin V, Satheshkumar PS. Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Complex Proteins Facilitate Orthopoxvirus Entry, Fusion and Spread. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070707. [PMID: 32629851 PMCID: PMC7411930 DOI: 10.3390/v12070707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although orthopoxviruses (OPXV) are known to encode a majority of the genes required for replication in host cells, genome-wide genetic screens have revealed that several host pathways are indispensable for OPXV infection. Through a haploid genetic screen, we previously identified several host genes required for monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection, including the individual genes that form the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. The COG complex is an eight-protein (COG1-COG8) vesicle tethering complex important for regulating membrane trafficking, glycosylation enzymes, and maintaining Golgi structure. In this study, we investigated the role of the COG complex in OPXV infection using cell lines with individual COG gene knockout (KO) mutations. COG KO cells infected with MPXV and vaccinia virus (VACV) produced small plaques and a lower virus yield compared to wild type (WT) cells. In cells where the KO phenotype was reversed using a rescue plasmid, the size of virus plaques increased demonstrating a direct link between the decrease in viral spread and the KO of COG genes. KO cells infected with VACV displayed lower levels of viral fusion and entry compared to WT suggesting that the COG complex is important for early events in OPXV infection. Additionally, fewer actin tails were observed in VACV-infected KO cells compared to WT. Since COG complex proteins are required for cellular trafficking of glycosylated membrane proteins, the disruption of this process due to lack of individual COG complex proteins may potentially impair the virus-cell interactions required for viral entry and egress. These data validate that the COG complex previously identified in our genetic screens plays a role in OPXV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Realegeno
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Lalita Priyamvada
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Jessica B. Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.B.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Claire Hartloge
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Andreas S. Puschnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA; (A.S.P.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Victoria A. Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Jan E. Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA; (A.S.P.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Vladimir Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.B.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Panayampalli Subbian Satheshkumar
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Rui Q, Wang J, Li Y, Tan X, Bao Y. Arabidopsis COG6 is essential for pollen tube growth and Golgi structure maintenance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:447-452. [PMID: 32499114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, which consists of eight subunits named COG1-COG8, is highly conserved with homologous subunits present in most eukaryotic species. In yeast and mammalian, the COG complex has been implicated in the tethering of retrograde intra-Golgi vesicles. Although homologs of COG subunits have been identified in Arabidopsis, the functions of the complex and its subunits remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we have utilized genetic and cytologic approaches to characterize the role of the COG6 subunit. We showed that a mutation in COG6 caused male transmission defect due to aberrant pollen tube growth. At the subcellular level, Golgi bodies exhibited altered morphology in cog6 pollen and cell wall components were incorrectly deposited in pollen tubes. COG6 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), which complemented the aberrant growth of cog6 pollen tubes, was localized to the Golgi apparatus. We propose that COG6, as a subunit of the COG complex, modulates Golgi morphology and vesicle trafficking homeostasis during pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Rui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Liang J, Wang L, Wang C, Shen J, Su B, Marisetty AL, Fang D, Kassab C, Jeong KJ, Zhao W, Lu Y, Jain AK, Zhou Z, Liang H, Sun SC, Lu C, Xu ZX, Yu Q, Shao S, Chen X, Gao M, Claret FX, Ding Z, Chen J, Chen P, Barton MC, Peng G, Mills GB, Heimberger AB. Verteporfin Inhibits PD-L1 through Autophagy and the STAT1-IRF1-TRIM28 Signaling Axis, Exerting Antitumor Efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:952-965. [PMID: 32265228 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key driver of tumor-mediated immune suppression, and targeting it with antibodies can induce therapeutic responses. Given the costs and associated toxicity of PD-L1 blockade, alternative therapeutic strategies are needed. Using reverse-phase protein arrays to assess drugs in use or likely to enter trials, we performed a candidate drug screen for inhibitors of PD-L1 expression and identified verteporfin as a possible small-molecule inhibitor. Verteporfin suppressed basal and IFN-induced PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo through Golgi-related autophagy and disruption of the STAT1-IRF1-TRIM28 signaling cascade, but did not affect the proinflammatory CIITA-MHC II cascade. Within the tumor microenvironment, verteporfin inhibited PD-L1 expression, which associated with enhanced T-lymphocyte infiltration. Inhibition of chromatin-associated enzyme PARP1 induced PD-L1 expression in high endothelial venules (HEV) in tumors and, when combined with verteporfin, enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Thus, verteporfin effectively targets PD-L1 through transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms, representing an alternative therapeutic strategy for targeting PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Liang
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Lulu Wang
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chao Wang
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bojin Su
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anantha L Marisetty
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dexing Fang
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cynthia Kassab
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Zhao
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiling Lu
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abhinav K Jain
- Genes and Development Graduate Program, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Han Liang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Changming Lu
- The Institute of Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qinghua Yu
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shan Shao
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - XiaoHua Chen
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Gao
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Francois X Claret
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Genes and Development Graduate Program, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Peng
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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20
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Lawaju BR, Niraula P, Lawrence GW, Lawrence KS, Klink VP. The Glycine max Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Complex Functions During a Defense Response to Heterodera glycines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:564495. [PMID: 33262774 PMCID: PMC7686354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.564495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, functioning in retrograde trafficking, is a universal structure present among eukaryotes that maintains the correct Golgi structure and function. The COG complex is composed of eight subunits coalescing into two sub-complexes. COGs1-4 compose Sub-complex A. COGs5-8 compose Sub-complex B. The observation that COG interacts with the syntaxins, suppressors of the erd2-deletion 5 (Sed5p), is noteworthy because Sed5p also interacts with Sec17p [alpha soluble NSF attachment protein (α-SNAP)]. The α-SNAP gene is located within the major Heterodera glycines [soybean cyst nematode (SCN)] resistance locus (rhg1) and functions in resistance. The study presented here provides a functional analysis of the Glycine max COG complex. The analysis has identified two paralogs of each COG gene. Functional transgenic studies demonstrate at least one paralog of each COG gene family functions in G. max during H. glycines resistance. Furthermore, treatment of G. max with the bacterial effector harpin, known to function in effector triggered immunity (ETI), leads to the induced transcription of at least one member of each COG gene family that has a role in H. glycines resistance. In some instances, altered COG gene expression changes the relative transcript abundance of syntaxin 31. These results indicate that the G. max COG complex functions through processes involving ETI leading to H. glycines resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisho Ram Lawaju
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Prakash Niraula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Gary W. Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Kathy S. Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Vincent P. Klink
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Center for Computational Sciences High Performance Computing Collaboratory, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Vincent P. Klink, ;
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21
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Blackburn JB, D'Souza Z, Lupashin VV. Maintaining order: COG complex controls Golgi trafficking, processing, and sorting. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2466-2487. [PMID: 31381138 PMCID: PMC6771879 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR (complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods) family, controls membrane trafficking and ensures Golgi homeostasis by orchestrating retrograde vesicle targeting within the Golgi. In humans, COG defects lead to severe multisystemic diseases known as COG-congenital disorders of glycosylation (COG-CDG). The COG complex both physically and functionally interacts with all classes of molecules maintaining intra-Golgi trafficking, namely SNAREs, SNARE-interacting proteins, Rabs, coiled-coil tethers, and vesicular coats. Here, we review our current knowledge of COG-related trafficking and glycosylation defects in humans and model organisms, and analyze possible scenarios for the molecular mechanism of the COG orchestrated vesicle targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
- Present address:
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Zinia D'Souza
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
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22
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Yin S, Gong L, Qiu H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Jiang H, Mao Y, Kong LY, Liang B, Lv Y. Novel compound heterozygous COG5 mutations in a Chinese male patient with severe clinical symptoms and type IIi congenital disorder of glycosylation: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2695-2700. [PMID: 31572517 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, one case of COG5-CDG involving a Chinese male patient with severe neurological symptoms, who had previously been misdiagnosed with congenital gyrus malformation, is described. A clinical investigation was performed and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify COG5 variants in the patient and his family. PCR and Sanger sequencing were performed for the verification of NGS results. The patient showed severe central and peripheral neurological symptoms, while only mild symptoms were reported in a previous reported case, in which different mutations were involved. The reported patient carried the frameshift mutation c.330delT (p.V111Lfs*22), and a missense mutation c.2324 C>T (p.P775L) in the COG5 gene. The c.330delT (p.V111Lfs*22) variant is a novel mutation, while c.2324 C>T (p.P775L) has previously been reported. Inheriting one variant from each of his parents, the current case report furthers the understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations in COG5-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Yin
- Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Liying Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Genetics Unit, Shenyang Maternity and Infant's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Outpatient Department of Obstetrics, Shenyang Maternity and Infant's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Mao
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yin Kong
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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23
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Ungermann C, Kümmel D. Structure of membrane tethers and their role in fusion. Traffic 2019; 20:479-490. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ungermann
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biology/ChemistryUniversity of Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs)University of Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Daniel Kümmel
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology Section, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Münster Münster Germany
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24
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Arora V, Puri RD, Bhai P, Sharma N, Bijarnia-Mahay S, Dimri N, Baijal A, Saxena R, Verma I. The first case of antenatal presentation in COG8-congenital disorder of glycosylation with a novel splice site mutation and an extended phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:480-485. [PMID: 30690882 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are an extremely rapidly growing and phenotypically versatile group of disorders. Conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complexes are hetero-octameric proteins involved in retrograde trafficking within the Golgi. Seven of its eight subunits have a causal role in CDG. To date, only three cases of COG8-CDG have been published but none in the antenatal period. We present the first case of antenatally diagnosed COG8-CDG with facial dysmorphism and additional features such as Dandy-Walker malformation and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, thus expanding the phenotype of this rare disorder. Trio whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant in COG8, which creates a new splice site in exon 5 and protein truncation after 12 amino acids downstream to the newly generated splice site. As the mutations of the previous three patients were also identified in exon 5, it is likely to be a potential mutational hotspot in COG8. An association between antenatally increased nuchal translucency and COG8-CDG is also established, which would alert clinicians to its diagnosis early in gestation. It remains to be seen if this observation can be extended to other COG-CDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Arora
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratna Dua Puri
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Bhai
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhish Sharma
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Nandita Dimri
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Baijal
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishwar Verma
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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25
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Li G, Xu Y, Hu X, Li N, Yao R, Yu T, Wang X, Guo W, Wang J. Compound heterozygous variants of the COG6 gene in a Chinese patient with deficiency of subunit 6 of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex (COG6-CDG). Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:44-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Ahmed SM, Nishida-Fukuda H, Li Y, McDonald WH, Gradinaru CC, Macara IG. Exocyst dynamics during vesicle tethering and fusion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5140. [PMID: 30510181 PMCID: PMC6277416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exocyst is a conserved octameric complex that tethers exocytic vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to fusion. Exocyst assembly and delivery mechanisms remain unclear, especially in mammalian cells. Here we tagged multiple endogenous exocyst subunits with sfGFP or Halo using Cas9 gene-editing, to create single and double knock-in lines of mammary epithelial cells, and interrogated exocyst dynamics by high-speed imaging and correlation spectroscopy. We discovered that mammalian exocyst is comprised of tetrameric subcomplexes that can associate independently with vesicles and plasma membrane and are in dynamic equilibrium with octamer and monomers. Membrane arrival times are similar for subunits and vesicles, but with a small delay (~80msec) between subcomplexes. Departure of SEC3 occurs prior to fusion, whereas other subunits depart just after fusion. About 9 exocyst complexes are associated per vesicle. These data reveal the mammalian exocyst as a remarkably dynamic two-part complex and provide important insights into assembly/disassembly mechanisms. Exocyst complex tethers vesicles to plasma membranes, but assembly mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors use Cas9 gene editing to tag exocyst components in epithelial cells, and find that exocyst subcomplexes are recruited to membranes independently, but are both needed for vesicle fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
| | - Hisayo Nishida-Fukuda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 7910295, Japan.,Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 7910295, Japan.,Department of Genome Editing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 5731010, Japan
| | - Yuchong Li
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada.,Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Claudiu C Gradinaru
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada.,Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
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27
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Ishii M, Lupashin VV, Nakano A. Detailed Analysis of the Interaction of Yeast COG Complex. Cell Struct Funct 2018; 43:119-127. [PMID: 29899178 DOI: 10.1247/csf.18014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central station for protein trafficking in eukaryotic cells. A widely accepted model of protein transport within the Golgi apparatus is cisternal maturation. Each cisterna has specific resident proteins, which are thought to be maintained by COPI-mediated transport. However, the mechanisms underlying specific sorting of these Golgi-resident proteins remain elusive. To obtain a clue to understand the selective sorting of vesicles between the Golgi cisterenae, we investigated the molecular arrangements of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) subunits in yeast cells. Mutations in COG subunits cause defects in Golgi trafficking and glycosylation of proteins and are causative of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) in humans. Interactions among COG subunits in cytosolic and membrane fractions were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation. Cytosolic COG subunits existed as octamers, whereas membrane-associated COG subunits formed a variety of subcomplexes. Relocation of individual COG subunits to mitochondria resulted in recruitment of only a limited number of other COG subunits to mitochondria. These results indicate that COG proteins function in the forms of a variety of subcomplexes and suggest that the COG complex does not comprise stable tethering without other interactors.Key words: The Golgi apparatus, COG complex, yeast, membrane trafficking, multi-subunit tethering complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ishii
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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28
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Climer LK, Pokrovskaya ID, Blackburn JB, Lupashin VV. Membrane detachment is not essential for COG complex function. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:964-974. [PMID: 29467253 PMCID: PMC5896934 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-11-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COG is a multisubunit vesicle tethering complex in the Golgi. We demonstrate that both COG subcomplexes can be permanently attached to Golgi membranes and that major COG functions do not require cycling between the membrane and cytosol. The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a vesicle tether of the “complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods” family, which functions on the cytoplasmic side of Golgi. It is currently unknown whether COG function, or function of any multisubunit vesicular tether, depends on cycling between the membrane and cytosol. Therefore, we permanently anchored key subunits of COG subcomplexes (COG4, COG7, and COG8) to Golgi membranes using transmembrane protein TMEM115 (TMEM-COG). All TMEM-COG subunits tested were Golgi localized, integrated into the COG complex, and stabilized membrane association of endogenous subunits. Interestingly, TMEM-COG4 and TMEM-COG7 equally rescued COG function in organization of Golgi markers, glycosylation, and abundance of COG-sensitive proteins. In contrast, TMEM-COG8 was not as effective, indicating that N-terminal attachment of COG8 interfered with overall COG structure and function, and none of the TMEM-COG subunits rescued the abnormal Golgi architecture caused by COG knockout. Collectively, these data indicate that both subcomplexes of the COG complex can perform most of COG function when permanently attached to membranes and that the cytosolic pool of COG is not completely essential to COG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Climer
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Irina D Pokrovskaya
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Jessica B Blackburn
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
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29
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Haijes HA, Jaeken J, Foulquier F, van Hasselt PM. Hypothesis: lobe A (COG1–4)-CDG causes a more severe phenotype than lobe B (COG5–8)-CDG. J Med Genet 2017; 55:137-142. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex consists of eight subunits organized in two lobes: lobe A (COG1–4) and lobe B (COG5–8). The different functional roles of COG lobe A and lobe B might result in distinct clinical phenotypes in patients with COG-CDG (congenital disorders of glycosylation). This hypothesis is supported by three observations. First, knock-down of COG lobe A components affects Golgi morphology more severely than knock-down of COG lobe B components. Second, nearly all of the 27 patients with lobe B COG-CDG had bi-allelic truncating mutations, as compared with only one of the six patients with lobe A COG-CDG. This represents a frequency gap which suggests that bi-allelic truncating mutations in COG lobe A genes might be non-viable. Third, in support, large-scale exome data of healthy adults (Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC)) underline that COG lobe A genes are less tolerant to genetic variation than COG lobe B genes. Thus, comparable molecular defects are more detrimental in lobe A COG-CDG than in lobe B COG-CDG. In a larger perspective, clinical phenotypic severity corresponded nicely with tolerance to genetic variation. Therefore, genomic epidemiology can potentially be used as a photographic negative for mutational severity.
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30
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Zhang X, Wang Y. Glycosylation Quality Control by the Golgi Structure. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3183-3193. [PMID: 26956395 PMCID: PMC4983240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous modification that occurs on proteins and lipids in all living cells. Consistent with their high complexity, glycans play crucial biological roles in protein quality control and recognition events. Asparagine-linked protein N-glycosylation, the most complex glycosylation, initiates in the endoplasmic reticulum and matures in the Golgi apparatus. This process not only requires an accurate distribution of processing machineries, such as glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, and nucleotide sugar transporters, but also needs an efficient and well-organized factory that is responsible for the fidelity and quality control of sugar chain processing. In addition, accurate glycosylation must occur in coordination with protein trafficking and sorting. These activities are carried out by the Golgi apparatus, a membrane organelle in the center of the secretory pathway. To accomplish these tasks, the Golgi has developed into a unique stacked structure of closely aligned, flattened cisternae in which Golgi enzymes reside; in mammalian cells, dozens of Golgi stacks are often laterally linked into a ribbon-like structure. Here, we review our current knowledge of how the Golgi structure is formed and why its formation is required for accurate glycosylation, with the focus on how the Golgi stacking factors GRASP55 and GRASP65 generate the Golgi structure and how the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex maintains Golgi enzymes in different Golgi subcompartments by retrograde protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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31
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Willett R, Blackburn JB, Climer L, Pokrovskaya I, Kudlyk T, Wang W, Lupashin V. COG lobe B sub-complex engages v-SNARE GS15 and functions via regulated interaction with lobe A sub-complex. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29139. [PMID: 27385402 PMCID: PMC4935880 DOI: 10.1038/srep29139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a peripheral membrane protein complex which orchestrates tethering of intra-Golgi vesicles. We found that COG1-4 (lobe A) and 5-8 (lobe B) protein assemblies are present as independent sub-complexes on cell membranes. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrates that COG sub-complexes are spatially separated on the Golgi with lobe A preferential localization on Golgi stacks and the presence of lobe B on vesicle-like structures, where it physically interacts with v-SNARE GS15. The localization and specific interaction of the COG sub-complexes with the components of vesicle tethering/fusion machinery suggests their different roles in the vesicle tethering cycle. We propose and test a novel model that employs association/disassociation of COG sub-complexes as a mechanism that directs vesicle tethering at Golgi membranes. We demonstrate that defective COG assembly or restriction of tethering complex disassembly by a covalent COG1-COG8 linkage is inhibitory to COG complex activity, supporting the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Willett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Leslie Climer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
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32
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Bailey Blackburn J, Pokrovskaya I, Fisher P, Ungar D, Lupashin VV. COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:23. [PMID: 27066481 PMCID: PMC4813393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. The COG complex interacts with core vesicle docking and fusion machinery at the Golgi; however, its exact mechanism of action is still an enigma. Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. In this study we have used the CRISPR approach to generate HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits. These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. We found that all KO cell lines were uniformly deficient in cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation and each had nearly abolished binding of Cholera toxin. In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. These results led us to conclude that every subunit is essential for COG complex function in Golgi trafficking, though to varying extents. We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bailey Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Peter Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of York York, UK
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York York, UK
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA
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33
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Fisher P, Ungar D. Bridging the Gap between Glycosylation and Vesicle Traffic. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:15. [PMID: 27014691 PMCID: PMC4781848 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is recognized as a vitally important posttranslational modification. The structure of glycans that decorate proteins and lipids is largely dictated by biosynthetic reactions occurring in the Golgi apparatus. This biosynthesis relies on the relative distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which is maintained by retrograde vesicle traffic between Golgi cisternae. Tethering of vesicles at the Golgi apparatus prior to fusion is regulated by Rab GTPases, coiled-coil tethers termed golgins and the multisubunit tethering complex known as the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. In this review we discuss the mechanisms involved in vesicle tethering at the Golgi apparatus and highlight the importance of tethering in the context of glycan biosynthesis and a set of diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of York York, UK
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York York, UK
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34
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Creating Knockouts of Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex Subunits Using CRISPR-Mediated Gene Editing Paired with a Selection Strategy Based on Glycosylation Defects Associated with Impaired COG Complex Function. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1496:145-61. [PMID: 27632008 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6463-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a key evolutionally conserved multisubunit protein machinery that regulates tethering and fusion of intra-Golgi transport vesicles. The Golgi apparatus specifically promotes sorting and complex glycosylation of glycoconjugates. Without proper glycosylation and processing, proteins and lipids will be mislocalized and/or have impaired function. The Golgi glycosylation machinery is kept in homeostasis by a careful balance of anterograde and retrograde trafficking to ensure proper localization of the glycosylation enzymes and their substrates. This balance, like other steps of membrane trafficking, is maintained by vesicle trafficking machinery that includes COPI vesicular coat proteins, SNAREs, Rabs, and both coiled-coil and multi-subunit vesicular tethers. The COG complex interacts with other membrane trafficking components and is essential for proper localization of Golgi glycosylation machinery. Here we describe using CRISPR-mediated gene editing coupled with a phenotype-based selection strategy directly linked to the COG complex's role in glycosylation homeostasis to obtain COG complex subunit knockouts (KOs). This has resulted in clonal KOs for each COG subunit in HEK293T cells and gives the ability to further probe the role of the COG complex in Golgi homeostasis.
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35
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Rymen D, Winter J, Van Hasselt PM, Jaeken J, Kasapkara C, Gokçay G, Haijes H, Goyens P, Tokatli A, Thiel C, Bartsch O, Hecht J, Krawitz P, Prinsen HCMT, Mildenberger E, Matthijs G, Kornak U. Key features and clinical variability of COG6-CDG. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 116:163-70. [PMID: 26260076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex consists of eight subunits and plays a crucial role in Golgi trafficking and positioning of glycosylation enzymes. Mutations in all COG subunits, except subunit 3, have been detected in patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) of variable severity. So far, 3 families with a total of 10 individuals with biallelic COG6 mutations have been described, showing a broad clinical spectrum. Here we present 7 additional patients with 4 novel COG6 mutations. In spite of clinical variability, we delineate the core features of COG6-CDG i.e. liver involvement (9/10), microcephaly (8/10), developmental disability (8/10), recurrent infections (7/10), early lethality (6/10), and hypohidrosis predisposing for hyperthermia (6/10) and hyperkeratosis (4/10) as ectodermal signs. Regarding all COG6-related disorders a genotype-phenotype correlation can be discerned ranging from deep intronic mutations found in Shaheen syndrome as the mildest form to loss-of-function mutations leading to early lethal CDG phenotypes. A comparison with other COG deficiencies suggests ectodermal changes to be a hallmark of COG6-related disorders. Our findings aid clinical differentiation of this complex group of disorders and imply subtle functional differences between the COG complex subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Rymen
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julia Winter
- Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter M Van Hasselt
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cigdem Kasapkara
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulden Gokçay
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanneke Haijes
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Goyens
- University Children's Hospital Queen Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aysegul Tokatli
- Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christian Thiel
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Bartsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubertus C M T Prinsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, UMC Utrecht, Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Mildenberger
- Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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36
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Climer LK, Dobretsov M, Lupashin V. Defects in the COG complex and COG-related trafficking regulators affect neuronal Golgi function. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:405. [PMID: 26578865 PMCID: PMC4621299 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is an evolutionarily conserved hetero-octameric protein complex that has been proposed to organize vesicle tethering at the Golgi apparatus. Defects in seven of the eight COG subunits are linked to Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG)-type II, a family of rare diseases involving misregulation of protein glycosylation, alterations in Golgi structure, variations in retrograde trafficking through the Golgi and system-wide clinical pathologies. A troublesome aspect of these diseases are the neurological pathologies such as low IQ, microcephaly, and cerebellar atrophy. The essential function of the COG complex is dependent upon interactions with other components of trafficking machinery, such as Rab-GTPases and SNAREs. COG-interacting Rabs and SNAREs have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Defects in Golgi maintenance disrupts trafficking and processing of essential proteins, frequently associated with and contributing to compromised neuron function and human disease. Despite the recent advances in molecular neuroscience, the subcellular bases for most neurodegenerative diseases are poorly understood. This article gives an overview of the potential contributions of the COG complex and its Rab and SNARE partners in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Climer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Maxim Dobretsov
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vladimir Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA
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37
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Hierro A, Gershlick DC, Rojas AL, Bonifacino JS. Formation of Tubulovesicular Carriers from Endosomes and Their Fusion to the trans-Golgi Network. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 318:159-202. [PMID: 26315886 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endosomes undergo extensive spatiotemporal rearrangements as proteins and lipids flux through them in a series of fusion and fission events. These controlled changes enable the concentration of cargo for eventual degradation while ensuring the proper recycling of other components. A growing body of studies has now defined multiple recycling pathways from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) which differ in their molecular machineries. The recycling process requires specific sets of lipids, coats, adaptors, and accessory proteins that coordinate cargo selection with membrane deformation and its association with the cytoskeleton. Specific tethering factors and SNARE (SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) Receptor) complexes are then required for the docking and fusion with the acceptor membrane. Herein, we summarize some of the current knowledge of the machineries that govern the retrograde transport from endosomes to the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Hierro
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Kuhlee A, Raunser S, Ungermann C. Functional homologies in vesicle tethering. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2487-97. [PMID: 26072291 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The HOPS multisubunit tethering factor (MTC) is a macromolecular protein complex composed of six different subunits. It is one of the key components in the perception and subsequent fusion of multivesicular bodies and vacuoles. Electron microscopy studies indicate structural flexibility of the purified HOPS complex. Inducing higher rigidity into HOPS by biochemically modifying the complex declines the potential to mediate SNARE-driven membrane fusion. Thus, we propose that integral flexibility seems to be not only a feature, but of essential need for the function of HOPS. This review focuses on the general features of membrane tethering and fusion. For this purpose, we compare the structure and mode of action of different tethering factors to highlight their common central features and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kuhlee
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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Willett RA, Kudlyk TA, Lupashin VV. Expression of functional Myc-tagged conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) subcomplexes in mammalian cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1270:167-77. [PMID: 25702117 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2309-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Docking and fusion of transport carriers in eukaryotic cells are regulated by a family of multi-subunit tethering complexes (MTC) that sequentially and/or simultaneously interact with other components of vesicle fusion machinery, such as SNAREs, Rabs, coiled-coil tethers, and vesicle coat components. Probing for interactions of multi-protein complexes has relied heavily on the method of exogenously expressing individual proteins and then determining their interaction stringency. An obvious pitfall of this method is that the protein interactions are not occurring in their native multi-subunit state. Here, we describe an assay where we express all eight subunits of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex that contain the same triple-Myc epitope tag and then an assay for the (sub) complex's interaction with known protein partners. The expression of all eight proteins allows for the assembled complex to interact with partner proteins, and by having the same tag on all eight COG subunits, we are able to very accurately quantify the interaction with each subunit. The use of this assay has highlighted a very important level of specificity of interactions between COG subcomplexes and their intracellular partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Willett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Slot 505, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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40
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Cog5-Cog7 crystal structure reveals interactions essential for the function of a multisubunit tethering complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15762-7. [PMID: 25331899 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414829111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is required, along with SNARE and Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins, for vesicle docking and fusion at the Golgi. COG, like other multisubunit tethering complexes (MTCs), is thought to function as a scaffold and/or chaperone to direct the assembly of productive SNARE complexes at the sites of membrane fusion. Reflecting this essential role, mutations in the COG complex can cause congenital disorders of glycosylation. A deeper understanding of COG function and dysfunction will likely depend on elucidating its molecular structure. Despite some progress toward this goal, including EM studies of COG lobe A (subunits 1-4) and higher-resolution structures of portions of Cog2 and Cog4, the structures of COG's eight subunits and the principles governing their assembly are mostly unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of a complex between two lobe B subunits, Cog5 and Cog7. The structure reveals that Cog5 is a member of the complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods (CATCHR) fold family, with homology to subunits of other MTCs including the Dsl1, exocyst, and Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complexes. The Cog5-Cog7 interaction is analyzed in relation to the Dsl1 complex, the only other CATCHR-family MTC for which subunit interactions have been characterized in detail. Biochemical and functional studies validate the physiological relevance of the observed Cog5-Cog7 interface, indicate that it is conserved from yeast to humans, and demonstrate that its disruption in human cells causes defects in trafficking and glycosylation.
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Gremillion SK, Harris SD, Jackson-Hayes L, Kaminskyj SGW, Loprete DM, Gauthier AC, Mercer S, Ravita AJ, Hill TW. Mutations in proteins of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex affect polarity, cell wall structure, and glycosylation in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 73:69-82. [PMID: 25312861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have described two Aspergillus nidulans gene mutations, designated podB1 (polarity defective) and swoP1 (swollen cell), which cause temperature-sensitive defects during polarization. Mutant strains also displayed unevenness and abnormal thickness of cell walls. Un-polarized or poorly-polarized mutant cells were capable of establishing normal polarity after a shift to a permissive temperature, and mutant hyphae shifted from permissive to restrictive temperature show wall and polarity abnormalities in subsequent growth. The mutated genes (podB=AN8226.3; swoP=AN7462.3) were identified as homologues of COG2 and COG4, respectively, each predicted to encode a subunit of the multi-protein COG (Conserved Oligomeric Golgi) Complex involved in retrograde vesicle trafficking in the Golgi apparatus. Down-regulation of COG2 or COG4 resulted in abnormal polarization and cell wall staining. The GFP-tagged COG2 and COG4 homologues displayed punctate, Golgi-like localization. Lectin-blotting indicated that protein glycosylation was altered in the mutant strains compared to the wild type. A multicopy expression experiment showed evidence for functional interactions between the homologues COG2 and COG4 as well as between COG2 and COG3. To date, this work is the first regarding a functional role of the COG proteins in the development of a filamentous fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Gremillion
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, GA 31419, USA.
| | - S D Harris
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA
| | - L Jackson-Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - S G W Kaminskyj
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - D M Loprete
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - A C Gauthier
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - S Mercer
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - A J Ravita
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - T W Hill
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
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42
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Brunet S, Sacher M. In Sickness and in Health: The Role of TRAPP and Associated Proteins in Disease. Traffic 2014; 15:803-18. [PMID: 24917561 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brunet
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, SP-457.01 Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Michael Sacher
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, SP-457.01 Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; 845 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0G4 Canada
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Tagaya M, Arasaki K, Inoue H, Kimura H. Moonlighting functions of the NRZ (mammalian Dsl1) complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:25. [PMID: 25364732 PMCID: PMC4206994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Dsl1 complex, which comprises Dsl1, Tip20, and Sec39/Dsl3, has been shown to participate, as a vesicle-tethering complex, in retrograde trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. Its metazoan counterpart NRZ complex, which comprises NAG, RINT1, and ZW10, is also involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, but each component of the complex has diverse cellular functions including endosome-to-Golgi transport, cytokinesis, cell cycle checkpoint, autophagy, and mRNA decay. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the metazoan NRZ complex and discuss the "moonlighting" functions and intercorrelation of their subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Tagaya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kohei Arasaki
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hana Kimura
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
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Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated degradative system that is a highly conserved pathway present in all eukaryotes. In all cells, double-membrane autophagosomes form and engulf cytoplasmic components, delivering them to the lysosome for degradation. Autophagy is essential for cell health and can be activated to function as a recycling pathway in the absence of nutrients or as a quality-control pathway to eliminate damaged organelles or even to eliminate invading pathogens. Autophagy was first identified as a pathway in mammalian cells using morphological techniques, but the Atg (autophagy-related) genes required for autophagy were identified in yeast genetic screens. Despite tremendous advances in elucidating the function of individual Atg proteins, our knowledge of how autophagosomes form and subsequently interact with the endosomal pathway has lagged behind. Recent progress toward understanding where and how both the endocytotic and autophagic pathways overlap is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Tooze
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Secretory Pathways Laboratory, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
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45
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Willett R, Pokrovskaya I, Kudlyk T, Lupashin V. Multipronged interaction of the COG complex with intracellular membranes. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2014; 4:e27888. [PMID: 24649395 DOI: 10.4161/cl.27888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi complex is a peripheral membrane protein complex that orchestrates the tethering and fusion of intra-Golgi transport carriers with Golgi membranes. In this study we have investigated the membrane attachment of the COG complex and it's on/off dynamic on Golgi membranes. Several complimentary approaches including knock-sideways depletion, FRAP, and FLIP revealed that assembled COG complex is not diffusing from Golgi periphery in live HeLa cells. Moreover, COG subunits remained membrane-associated even in COG4 and COG7 depleted cells when Golgi architecture was severely affected. Overexpression of myc-tagged COG sub-complexes revealed that different membrane-associated COG partners including β-COP, p115 and SNARE STX5 preferentially bind to different COG assemblies, indicating that COG subunits interact with Golgi membranes in a multipronged fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Willett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; UAMS; Little Rock, AR USA
| | | | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; UAMS; Little Rock, AR USA
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46
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Laufman O, Freeze HH, Hong W, Lev S. Deficiency of the Cog8 subunit in normal and CDG-derived cells impairs the assembly of the COG and Golgi SNARE complexes. Traffic 2013; 14:1065-77. [PMID: 23865579 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mutations in different subunits of the tethering complex Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) have been identified as a cause for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) in humans. Yet, the mechanisms by which COG mutations induce the pleiotropic CDG defects have not been fully defined. By detailed analysis of Cog8 deficiency in either HeLa cells or CDG-derived fibroblasts, we show that Cog8 is required for the assembly of both the COG complex and the Golgi Stx5-GS28-Ykt6-GS15 and Stx6-Stx16-Vti1a-VAMP4 SNARE complexes. The assembly of these SNARE complexes is also impaired in cells derived from a Cog7-deficient CDG patient. Likewise, the integrity of the COG complex is also impaired in Cog1-, Cog4- and Cog6-depleted cells. Significantly, deficiency of Cog1, Cog4, Cog6 or Cog8 distinctly influences the production of COG subcomplexes and their Golgi targeting. These results shed light on the structural organization of the COG complex and its subcellular localization, and suggest that its integrity is required for both tethering of transport vesicles to the Golgi apparatus and the assembly of Golgi SNARE complexes. We propose that these two key functions are generally and mechanistically impaired in COG-associated CDG patients, thereby exerting severe pleiotropic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Laufman
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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47
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Arasaki K, Takagi D, Furuno A, Sohda M, Misumi Y, Wakana Y, Inoue H, Tagaya M. A new role for RINT-1 in SNARE complex assembly at the trans-Golgi network in coordination with the COG complex. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2907-17. [PMID: 23885118 PMCID: PMC3771952 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-01-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast Tip20, a subunit of the Dsl1 complex, is implicated in Golgi-to–endoplasmic reticulum retrograde transport. Differing from Tip20, its mammalian counterpart, RINT-1, is required for endosome-to–trans-Golgi network transport. RINT-1 in coordination with the COG complex regulates SNARE complex assembly at the trans-Golgi network. Docking and fusion of transport vesicles/carriers with the target membrane involve a tethering factor–mediated initial contact followed by soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)–catalyzed membrane fusion. The multisubunit tethering CATCHR family complexes (Dsl1, COG, exocyst, and GARP complexes) share very low sequence homology among subunits despite likely evolving from a common ancestor and participate in fundamentally different membrane trafficking pathways. Yeast Tip20, as a subunit of the Dsl1 complex, has been implicated in retrograde transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. Our previous study showed that RINT-1, the mammalian counterpart of yeast Tip20, mediates the association of ZW10 (mammalian Dsl1) with endoplasmic reticulum–localized SNARE proteins. In the present study, we show that RINT-1 is also required for endosome-to–trans-Golgi network trafficking. RINT-1 uncomplexed with ZW10 interacts with the COG complex, another member of the CATCHR family complex, and regulates SNARE complex assembly at the trans-Golgi network. This additional role for RINT-1 may in part reflect adaptation to the demand for more diverse transport routes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in mammals compared with those in a unicellular organism, yeast. The present findings highlight a new role of RINT-1 in coordination with the COG complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Arasaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan Division of Oral Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan Department of Cell Biology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Willett R, Ungar D, Lupashin V. The Golgi puppet master: COG complex at center stage of membrane trafficking interactions. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:271-83. [PMID: 23839779 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The central organelle within the secretory pathway is the Golgi apparatus, a collection of flattened membranes organized into stacks. The cisternal maturation model of intra-Golgi transport depicts Golgi cisternae that mature from cis to medial to trans by receiving resident proteins, such as glycosylation enzymes via retrograde vesicle-mediated recycling. The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a multi-subunit tethering complex of the complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods family, organizes vesicle targeting during intra-Golgi retrograde transport. The COG complex, both physically and functionally, interacts with all classes of molecules maintaining intra-Golgi trafficking, namely SNAREs, SNARE-interacting proteins, Rabs, coiled-coil tethers, vesicular coats, and molecular motors. In this report, we will review the current state of the COG interactome and analyze possible scenarios for the molecular mechanism of the COG orchestrated vesicle targeting, which plays a central role in maintaining glycosylation homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Willett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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49
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Willett RA, Pokrovskaya ID, Lupashin VV. Fluorescent microscopy as a tool to elucidate dysfunction and mislocalization of Golgi glycosyltransferases in COG complex depleted mammalian cells. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1022:61-72. [PMID: 23765654 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-465-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Staining of molecules such as proteins and glycoconjugates allows for an analysis of their localization within the cell and provides insight into their functional status. Glycosyltransferases, a class of enzymes which are responsible for glycosylating host proteins, are mostly localized to the Golgi apparatus, and their localization is maintained in part by a protein vesicular tethering complex, the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. Here we detail a combination of fluorescent lectin and immuno-staining in cells depleted of COG complex subunits to examine the status of Golgi glycosyltransferases. The combination of these techniques allows for a detailed characterization of the changes in function and localization of Golgi glycosyltransferases with respect to transient COG subunit depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Willett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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50
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Willett R, Kudlyk T, Pokrovskaya I, Schönherr R, Ungar D, Duden R, Lupashin V. COG complexes form spatial landmarks for distinct SNARE complexes. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1553. [PMID: 23462996 PMCID: PMC3595136 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular tethers and SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmalemide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptors) are two key protein components of the intracellular membrane-trafficking machinery. The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex has been implicated in the tethering of retrograde intra-Golgi vesicles. Here, using yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation approaches, we show that three COG subunits, namely COG4, 6 and 8, are capable of interacting with defined Golgi SNAREs, namely STX5, STX6, STX16, GS27 and SNAP29. Comparative analysis of COG8-STX16 and COG4-STX5 interactions by a COG-based mitochondrial relocalization assay reveals that the COG8 and COG4 proteins initiate the formation of two different tethering platforms that can facilitate the redirection of two populations of Golgi transport intermediates to the mitochondrial vicinity. Our results uncover a role for COG sub-complexes in defining the specificity of vesicular sorting within the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Willett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR
| | | | - Robert Schönherr
- Institute of Biology, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Ungar
- University of York, Department of Biology, York, UK
| | - Rainer Duden
- Institute of Biology, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Germany
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