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Liu M, Dudley SC. Beyond Ion Homeostasis: Hypomagnesemia, Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin Channel 7, Mitochondrial Function, and Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3920. [PMID: 37764704 PMCID: PMC10536927 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second most abundant intracellular divalent cation, magnesium (Mg2+) is essential for cell functions, such as ATP production, protein/DNA synthesis, protein activity, and mitochondrial function. Mg2+ plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle contraction, and blood pressure. A significant decline in Mg2+ intake has been reported in developed countries because of the increased consumption of processed food and filtered/deionized water, which can lead to hypomagnesemia (HypoMg). HypoMg is commonly observed in cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmias, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and HypoMg is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. On the other hand, Mg2+ supplementation has shown significant therapeutic effects in cardiovascular diseases. Some of the effects of HypoMg have been ascribed to changes in Mg2+ participation in enzyme activity, ATP stabilization, enzyme kinetics, and alterations in Ca2+, Na+, and other cations. In this manuscript, we discuss new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of HypoMg that surpass previously described effects. HypoMg causes mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Many of these effects can be attributed to the HypoMg-induced upregulation of a Mg2+ transporter transient receptor potential melastatin 7 channel (TRMP7) that is also a kinase. An increase in kinase signaling mediated by HypoMg-induced TRPM7 transcriptional upregulation, independently of any change in Mg2+ transport function, likely seems responsible for many of the effects of HypoMg. Therefore, Mg2+ supplementation and TRPM7 kinase inhibition may work to treat the sequelae of HypoMg by preventing increased TRPM7 kinase activity rather than just altering ion homeostasis. Since many diseases are characterized by oxidative stress or inflammation, Mg2+ supplementation and TRPM7 kinase inhibition may have wider implications for other diseases by acting to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, The Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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2
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Morrison AR. Magnesium Homeostasis: Lessons from Human Genetics. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:969-978. [PMID: 36723340 PMCID: PMC10356123 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mg 2+ , the fourth most abundant cation in the body, serves as a cofactor for about 600 cellular enzymes. One third of ingested Mg 2+ is absorbed from the gut through a saturable transcellular process and a concentration-dependent paracellular process. Absorbed Mg 2+ is excreted by the kidney and maintains serum Mg 2+ within a narrow range of 0.7-1.25 mmol/L. The reabsorption of Mg 2+ by the nephron is characterized by paracellular transport in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb. The nature of the transport pathways in the gut epithelia and thick ascending limb has emerged from an understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for rare monogenetic disorders presenting with clinical hypomagnesemia. These human disorders due to loss-of-function mutations, in concert with mouse models, have led to a deeper understanding of Mg 2+ transport in the gut and renal tubule. This review focuses on the nature of the transporters and channels revealed by human and mouse genetics and how they are integrated into an understanding of human Mg 2+ physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey R Morrison
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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3
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Ciaglia T, Vestuto V, Bertamino A, González-Muñiz R, Gómez-Monterrey I. On the modulation of TRPM channels: Current perspectives and anticancer therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1065935. [PMID: 36844925 PMCID: PMC9948629 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1065935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient melastatin receptor potential (TRPM) ion channel subfamily functions as cellular sensors and transducers of critical biological signal pathways by regulating ion homeostasis. Some members of TRPM have been cloned from cancerous tissues, and their abnormal expressions in various solid malignancies have been correlated with cancer cell growth, survival, or death. Recent evidence also highlights the mechanisms underlying the role of TRPMs in tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, and cancer metabolic reprogramming. These implications support TRPM channels as potential molecular targets and their modulation as an innovative therapeutic approach against cancer. Here, we discuss the general characteristics of the different TRPMs, focusing on current knowledge about the connection between TRPM channels and critical features of cancer. We also cover TRPM modulators used as pharmaceutical tools in biological trials and an indication of the only clinical trial with a TRPM modulator about cancer. To conclude, the authors describe the prospects for TRPM channels in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ciaglia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFARMA), Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFARMA), Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFARMA), Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Kampuang N, Thongon N. Mass spectrometric analysis of TRPM6 and TRPM7 from small intestine of omeprazole-induced hypomagnesemic rats. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947899. [PMID: 36110961 PMCID: PMC9468766 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of small intestinal Mg2+ absorption has been reported as the underlying mechanism of proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia (PPIH); hence, this study evaluated the expression, localization, phosphorylation, and oxidation of transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) and TRPM7 in the small intestine of rats subjected to PPIH. The expression and localization of cyclin M4 (CNNM4) was also analyzed. We show that, compared to control rats, membrane expression of the TRPM6/7 heterodimer and TRPM7 was markedly lower in the duodenum and the jejunum of PPIH rats; in contrast, expression of membrane TRPM6 and CNNM4 was higher in these organs. Mass spectrometric analysis of TRPM6 demonstrated hyper-phosphorylation, especially T1851, and hyper-oxidation at M1755, both of which can suppress its channel permeability. Further, hypo-phosphorylation of S141 and the dimerization motif domain of TRPM6 in PPIH rats might be involved in lower TRPM6/7 heterodimer expression. Hypo-phosphorylation, especially at S138 and S1360 in TRPM7 from PPIH rats disrupted stability of TRPM7 at the cell membrane; hyper-oxidation of TRPM7 was also observed. These results help explain the mechanism underlying the disruption of small intestinal Mg2+ absorption in PPIH.
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Cheng XY, Li SF, Chen Y, Zhao YJ, Hu W, Lu C, Zhou RP. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 and their modulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Jin F, Huang Y, Hattori M. Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of Mg 2+ Channels and Transporters. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167729. [PMID: 35841930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are the most abundant divalent cations in living organisms and are essential for various physiological processes, including ATP utilization and the catalytic activity of numerous enzymes. Therefore, the homeostatic mechanisms associated with cellular Mg2+ are crucial for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and are thus strictly controlled by Mg2+ channels and transporters. Technological advances in structural biology, such as the expression screening of membrane proteins, in meso phase crystallization, and recent cryo-EM techniques, have enabled the structure determination of numerous Mg2+ channels and transporters. In this review article, we provide an overview of the families of Mg2+ channels and transporters (MgtE/SLC41, TRPM6/7, CorA/Mrs2, CorC/CNNM), and discuss the structural biology prospects based on the known structures of MgtE, TRPM7, CorA and CorC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Franken GAC, Huynen MA, Martínez-Cruz LA, Bindels RJM, de Baaij JHF. Structural and functional comparison of magnesium transporters throughout evolution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:418. [PMID: 35819535 PMCID: PMC9276622 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the most prevalent divalent intracellular cation. As co-factor in many enzymatic reactions, Mg2+ is essential for protein synthesis, energy production, and DNA stability. Disturbances in intracellular Mg2+ concentrations, therefore, unequivocally result in delayed cell growth and metabolic defects. To maintain physiological Mg2+ levels, all organisms rely on balanced Mg2+ influx and efflux via Mg2+ channels and transporters. This review compares the structure and the function of prokaryotic Mg2+ transporters and their eukaryotic counterparts. In prokaryotes, cellular Mg2+ homeostasis is orchestrated via the CorA, MgtA/B, MgtE, and CorB/C Mg2+ transporters. For CorA, MgtE, and CorB/C, the motifs that form the selectivity pore are conserved during evolution. These findings suggest that CNNM proteins, the vertebrate orthologues of CorB/C, also have Mg2+ transport capacity. Whereas CorA and CorB/C proteins share the gross quaternary structure and functional properties with their respective orthologues, the MgtE channel only shares the selectivity pore with SLC41 Na+/Mg2+ transporters. In eukaryotes, TRPM6 and TRPM7 Mg2+ channels provide an additional Mg2+ transport mechanism, consisting of a fusion of channel with a kinase. The unique features these TRP channels allow the integration of hormonal, cellular, and transcriptional regulatory pathways that determine their Mg2+ transport capacity. Our review demonstrates that understanding the structure and function of prokaryotic magnesiotropic proteins aids in our basic understanding of Mg2+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A C Franken
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M A Huynen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L A Martínez-Cruz
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - R J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Forbes EM, Bakrania BA, Steane SE, Moritz KM, Lingwood BE, Eiby YA. Expression of TRPM6 and TRPM7 in the preterm piglet heart. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:891722. [PMID: 36081632 PMCID: PMC9445433 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.891722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are at increased risk of death and disability, and cardiovascular instability after birth is a contributing factor. Immaturity of calcium handling in the preterm heart may limit myocardial contractility and cardiac output. Two transmembrane cation channels, TRPM6 and TRPM7, may regulate intracellular cardiac calcium in the neonatal period. The aim of this study was to determine TRPM6 and TRPM7 mRNA expression in piglet hearts in late gestation, and the effects of sex, maternal glucocorticoids, and the transition to extrauterine life. Left and right ventricular tissue was collected at a range of gestational ages from cesarean delivered piglets at birth and at 6 h old. Additional groups included piglets exposed to maternal glucocorticoid treatment and spontaneously born term piglets at 12-24 h old. TRPM6 and TRPM7 mRNA expression was measured using RT-qPCR. Males had significantly lower TRPM7 expression in the left ventricle across all gestational ages compared to females. At term, both ventricles had higher TRPM7 expression at 6 h old than at birth. In preterm piglets, TRPM7 expression only increased postnatally in the right ventricle following maternal glucocorticoid exposure. At 12-24 h old, TRPM7 expression in both ventricles was lower than levels in 6 h old term Caesar piglets (113 days). Male preterm piglets may have immature myocardial Ca2+ handling and this could contribute to their poorer outcomes. Increased TRPM7 expression is the mature response to birth that is missing in preterm neonates. TRPM7 could serve as a novel target to improve cardiac function in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Forbes
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,UQ Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bhavisha A Bakrania
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E Steane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Barbara E Lingwood
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yvonne A Eiby
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Du Preez S, Cabanas H, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Potential Implications of Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 in the Pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10708. [PMID: 34682454 PMCID: PMC8535478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels is involved in the molecular mechanisms that mediate neuroimmune interactions and activities. Recent advancements in neuroimmunology have identified a role for TRP cation channels in several neuroimmune disorders including amyotropic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). ME/CFS is a debilitating disorder with an obscure aetiology, hence considerable examination of its pathobiology is warranted. Dysregulation of TRP melastatin (TRPM) subfamily members and calcium signalling processes are implicated in the neurological, immunological, cardiovascular, and metabolic impairments inherent in ME/CFS. In this review, we present TRPM7 as a potential candidate in the pathomechanism of ME/CFS, as TRPM7 is increasingly recognized as a key mediator of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms affecting neurological, immunological, cardiovascular, and metabolic processes. A focused examination of the biochemistry of TRPM7, the role of this protein in the aforementioned systems, and the potential of TRPM7 as a molecular mechanism in the pathophysiology of ME/CFS will be discussed in this review. TRPM7 is a compelling candidate to examine in the pathobiology of ME/CFS as TRPM7 fulfils several key roles in multiple organ systems, and there is a paucity of literature reporting on its role in ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Du Preez
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (D.S.); (S.M.-G.)
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia;
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Helene Cabanas
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia;
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, INSERM U944 and CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Donald Staines
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (D.S.); (S.M.-G.)
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia;
| | - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (D.S.); (S.M.-G.)
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia;
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10
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Inoue H, Murayama T, Kobayashi T, Konishi M, Yokoyama U. The zinc-binding motif of TRPM7 acts as an oxidative stress sensor to regulate its channel activity. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212116. [PMID: 33999118 PMCID: PMC8129778 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of the TRPM7 channel is negatively regulated by intracellular Mg2+. We previously reported that oxidative stress enhances the inhibition of TRPM7 by intracellular Mg2+. Here, we aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying TRPM7 inhibition by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Site-directed mutagenesis of full-length TRPM7 revealed that none of the cysteines other than C1809 and C1813 within the zinc-binding motif of the TRPM7 kinase domain were involved in the H2O2-induced TRPM7 inhibition. Mutation of C1809 or C1813 prevented expression of full-length TRPM7 on the plasma membrane. We therefore developed an assay to functionally reconstitute full-length TRPM7 by coexpressing the TRPM7 channel domain (M7cd) and the TRPM7 kinase domain (M7kd) as separate proteins in HEK293 cells. When M7cd was expressed alone, the current was inhibited by intracellular Mg2+ more strongly than that of full-length TRPM7 and was insensitive to oxidative stress. Coexpression of M7cd and M7kd attenuated the inhibition by intracellular Mg2+ and restored sensitivity to oxidative stress, indicating successful reconstitution of a full-length TRPM7-like current. We observed a similar effect when M7cd was coexpressed with the kinase-inactive mutant M7kd-K1645R, suggesting that the kinase activity is not essential for the reconstitution. However, coexpression of M7cd and M7kd carrying a mutation at either C1809 or C1813 failed to restore the full-length TRPM7-like current. No reconstitution was observed when using M7kd carrying a mutation at H1750 and H1807, which are involved in the zinc-binding motif formation with C1809 and C1813. These data suggest that the zinc-binding motif is essential for the intracellular Mg2+-dependent regulation of the TRPM7 channel activity by its kinase domain and that the cysteines in the zinc-binding motif play a role in the oxidative stress response of TRPM7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Konishi
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Que T, Wang H, Yang W, Wu J, Hou C, Pei S, Wu Q, Li LM, Wei S, Xie X, Huang H, Chen P, Huang Y, Wu A, He M, Nong D, Wei X, Wu J, Nong R, Huang N, Zhou Q, Lin Y, Lu T, Wei Y, Li S, Yao J, Zhong Y, Qin H, Tan L, Li Y, Li W, Liu T, Liu S, Yu Y, Qiu H, Jiang Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Huang CM, Hu Y. The reference genome and transcriptome of the limestone langur, Trachypithecus leucocephalus, reveal expansion of genes related to alkali tolerance. BMC Biol 2021; 19:67. [PMID: 33832502 PMCID: PMC8034193 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trachypithecus leucocephalus, the white-headed langur, is a critically endangered primate that is endemic to the karst mountains in the southern Guangxi province of China. Studying the genomic and transcriptomic mechanisms underlying its local adaptation could help explain its persistence within a highly specialized ecological niche. Results In this study, we used PacBio sequencing and optical assembly and Hi-C analysis to create a high-quality de novo assembly of the T. leucocephalus genome. Annotation and functional enrichment revealed many genes involved in metabolism, transport, and homeostasis, and almost all of the positively selected genes were related to mineral ion binding. The transcriptomes of 12 tissues from three T. leucocephalus individuals showed that the great majority of genes involved in mineral absorption and calcium signaling were expressed, and their gene families were significantly expanded. For example, FTH1 primarily functions in iron storage and had 20 expanded copies. Conclusions These results increase our understanding of the evolution of alkali tolerance and other traits necessary for the persistence of T. leucocephalus within an ecologically unique limestone karst environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengcheng Que
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Huifeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Weifei Yang
- Annoroad Gene Technology, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jianbao Wu
- Guangxi Chongzuo white headed langur national nature reserve, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532200, China
| | - Chenyang Hou
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Surui Pei
- Annoroad Gene Technology, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Qunying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Liu Ming Li
- Guangxi Reproductive Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Shilu Wei
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Panyu Chen
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Aiqiong Wu
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Meihong He
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Dengpan Nong
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Guangxi Chongzuo white headed langur national nature reserve, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532200, China
| | - Junyi Wu
- Nanning Animal Zoo, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Ru Nong
- Nanning Animal Zoo, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Nanning Animal Zoo, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qingniao Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yaowang Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tingxi Lu
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Shousheng Li
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Jianglong Yao
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Yanli Zhong
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Huayong Qin
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Luohao Tan
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Yingjiao Li
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, 530003, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Annoroad Gene Technology, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Sanyang Liu
- Annoroad Gene Technology, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yongyi Yu
- Annoroad Gene Technology, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Annoroad Gene Technology, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Youcheng Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhijin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Cheng Ming Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yanling Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China. .,Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China. .,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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12
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Franken GAC, Adella A, Bindels RJM, de Baaij JHF. Mechanisms coupling sodium and magnesium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13528. [PMID: 32603001 PMCID: PMC7816272 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypomagnesaemia is a common feature of renal Na+ wasting disorders such as Gitelman and EAST/SeSAME syndrome. These genetic defects specifically affect Na+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule, where Mg2+ reabsorption is tightly regulated. Apical uptake via TRPM6 Mg2+ channels and basolateral Mg2+ extrusion via a putative Na+ -Mg2+ exchanger determines Mg2+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. However, the mechanisms that explain the high incidence of hypomagnesaemia in patients with Na+ wasting disorders of the distal convoluted tubule are largely unknown. In this review, we describe three potential mechanisms by which Mg2+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule is linked to Na+ reabsorption. First, decreased activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na+ /Cl- cotransporter (NCC) results in shortening of the segment, reducing the Mg2+ reabsorption capacity. Second, the activity of TRPM6 and NCC are determined by common regulatory pathways. Secondary effects of NCC dysregulation such as hormonal imbalance, therefore, might disturb TRPM6 expression. Third, the basolateral membrane potential, maintained by the K+ permeability and Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity, provides the driving force for Na+ and Mg2+ extrusion. Depolarisation of the basolateral membrane potential in Na+ wasting disorders of the distal convoluted tubule may therefore lead to reduced activity of the putative Na+ -Mg2+ exchanger SLC41A1. Elucidating the interconnections between Mg2+ and Na+ transport in the distal convoluted tubule is hampered by the currently available models. Our analysis indicates that the coupling of Na+ and Mg2+ reabsorption may be multifactorial and that advanced experimental models are required to study the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs A. C. Franken
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Adella
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - René J. M. Bindels
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H. F. de Baaij
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
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13
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Al Alawi AM, Al Badi A, Al Huraizi A, Falhammar H. Magnesium: The recent research and developments. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 96:193-218. [PMID: 34112353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body, which facilitates more than 300 enzymatic reactions. Magnesium is essential for nucleic material and protein synthesis, neuromuscular conduction, cardiac contractility, energy metabolism, and immune system function. Gastrointestinal system and kidneys closely regulate magnesium absorption and elimination to maintain adequate storage of magnesium. Magnesium deficiency has been linked to many diseases and poor health outcomes. Magnesium has also been proven to be an effective therapeutic agent in many diseases, such as bronchial asthma, cardiac arrhythmia, and pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Al Alawi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman.
| | | | - Aisha Al Huraizi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
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14
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Jimenez I, Prado Y, Marchant F, Otero C, Eltit F, Cabello-Verrugio C, Cerda O, Simon F. TRPM Channels in Human Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E2604. [PMID: 33291725 PMCID: PMC7761947 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) subfamily belongs to the TRP cation channels family. Since the first cloning of TRPM1 in 1989, tremendous progress has been made in identifying novel members of the TRPM subfamily and their functions. The TRPM subfamily is composed of eight members consisting of four six-transmembrane domain subunits, resulting in homomeric or heteromeric channels. From a structural point of view, based on the homology sequence of the coiled-coil in the C-terminus, the eight TRPM members are clustered into four groups: TRPM1/M3, M2/M8, M4/M5 and M6/M7. TRPM subfamily members have been involved in several physiological functions. However, they are also linked to diverse pathophysiological human processes. Alterations in the expression and function of TRPM subfamily ion channels might generate several human diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative alterations, organ dysfunction, cancer and many other channelopathies. These effects position them as remarkable putative targets for novel diagnostic strategies, drug design and therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the current knowledge about the main characteristics of all members of the TRPM family, focusing on their actions in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Jimenez
- Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.J.); (Y.P.); (F.M.); (C.C.-V.)
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Yolanda Prado
- Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.J.); (Y.P.); (F.M.); (C.C.-V.)
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Felipe Marchant
- Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.J.); (Y.P.); (F.M.); (C.C.-V.)
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Carolina Otero
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Felipe Eltit
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada;
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.J.); (Y.P.); (F.M.); (C.C.-V.)
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 7560484, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.J.); (Y.P.); (F.M.); (C.C.-V.)
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
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15
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Yu M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cui D, Gu G, Zhao D. Gallium ions promote osteoinduction of human and mouse osteoblasts via the TRPM7/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2741-2752. [PMID: 32945378 PMCID: PMC7453624 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallium (Ga) ions have been widely utilized for biomedical applications; however, their role in osteoblast regulation is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effect of Ga ions on osteoinduction in two osteoblast cell lines and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Human hFOB1.19 and mouse MC3T3‑E1 osteoblasts were treated with Ga nitride (GaN) at different concentrations, and the degree of osteoinduction was assessed. Ga ion treatment was found to increase alkaline phosphatase activity and accelerate calcium nodule formation, as assessed using ALP activity assay and Alizarin red S staining. Moreover, upregulated expression levels of osteogenic proteins in osteoblasts were identified using western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Western blotting was also performed to demonstrate that the biological action of Ga ions was closely associated with the transient receptor potential melastatin 7/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, it was found that Ga ions did not cause osteoblast apoptosis, as indicated via flow cytometry, but promoted osteoclast proliferation, migration or invasion. The present study investigated the potential role of Ga ions in regulating osteoinduction of osteoblasts, thereby providing a promising strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Yunguang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nuclear‑Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Daping Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Guishan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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16
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Ardestani G, Mehregan A, Fleig A, Horgen FD, Carvacho I, Fissore RA. Divalent cation influx and calcium homeostasis in germinal vesicle mouse oocytes. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102181. [PMID: 32097818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prior to maturation, mouse oocytes are arrested at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage during which they experience constitutive calcium (Ca2+) influx and spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations. The oscillations cease during maturation but Ca2+ influx continues, as the oocytes' internal stores attain maximal content at the culmination of maturation, the metaphase II stage. The identity of the channel(s) that underlie this Ca2+ influx has not been completely determined. GV and matured oocytes are known to express three Ca2+ channels, CaV3.2, TRPV3 and TRPM7, but females null for each of these channels are fertile and their oocytes display minor modifications in Ca2+ homeostasis, suggesting a complex regulation of Ca2+ influx. To define the contribution of these channels at the GV stage, we used different divalent cations, pharmacological inhibitors and genetic models. We found that the three channels are active at this stage. CaV3.2 and TRPM7 channels contributed the majority of Ca2+ influx, as inhibitors and oocytes from homologous knockout (KO) lines showed severely reduced Ca2+ entry. Sr2+ influx was promoted by CaV3.2 channels, as Sr2+ oscillations were negligible in CaV3.2-KO oocytes but robust in control and Trpv3-KO GV oocytes. Mn2+ entry relied on expression of CaV3.2 and TRPM7 channels, but Ni2+ entry depended on the latter. CaV3.2 and TRPV3 channels combined to fill the Ca2+ stores, although CaV3.2 was the most impactful. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors effectively blocked the influx of divalent cations, but displayed off-target effects, and occasionally agonist-like properties. In conclusion, GV oocytes express channels mediating Ca2+ and other divalent cation influx that are pivotal for fertilization and early development. These channels may serve as targets for intervention to improve the success of assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goli Ardestani
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Aujan Mehregan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Andrea Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen's Medical Center and University of Hawaii Cancer Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - F David Horgen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Ingrid Carvacho
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3480112, Talca, Chile
| | - Rafael A Fissore
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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17
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Nguyen TTA, Li W, Park TJ, Gong LW, Cologna SM. Investigating Phosphorylation Patterns of the Ion Channel TRPM7 Using Multiple Extraction and Enrichment Techniques Reveals New Phosphosites. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1359-1367. [PMID: 31140077 PMCID: PMC10026262 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of membrane proteins, and in particular ion channels, is crucial to understanding cellular function. Mass spectrometry-based approaches including bottom-up strategies to study membrane proteins have been successful yet still can remain challenging. In this study, we sought to evaluate the phosphorylation patterns of the ion channel TRPM7 which is involved in a range of critical physiological functions. To overcome extraction obstacles associated with analyzing membrane proteins, we incorporated the use of 5% SDS solubilization coupled with SCAD and S-Trap digestion methods to eliminate detergent interference in downstream LC-MS/MS analysis. We found that the SCAD method was more efficient, yielding 84% of the overall identified proteins; however, the variability was greater than the S-Trap method. Using both methods together with TiO2 and Fe-NTA phospho-enrichment protocols, we successfully observed the phosphorylation pattern of TRPM7 in a transfected cell line. An average of 22 ± 6% of the TRPM7 amino acid sequence was observed. In addition to several previously reported phosphorylation sites, we identified six new phosphosites (S5, S233, S554, S824, T1265, and S1401), providing new targets for further functional analyses of TRPM7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu T A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Wenping Li
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Liang-Wei Gong
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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18
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Valentine MS, Yano J, Van Houten J. A Novel Role for Polycystin-2 (Pkd2) in P. tetraurelia as a Probable Mg 2+ Channel Necessary for Mg 2+-Induced Behavior. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060455. [PMID: 31207979 PMCID: PMC6627415 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A human ciliopathy gene codes for Polycystin-2 (Pkd2), a non-selective cation channel. Here, the Pkd2 channel was explored in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia using combinations of RNA interference, over-expression, and epitope-tagging, in a search for function and novel interacting partners. Upon depletion of Pkd2, cells exhibited a phenotype similar to eccentric (XntA1), a Paramecium mutant lacking the inward Ca2+-dependent Mg2+ conductance. Further investigation showed both Pkd2 and XntA localize to the cilia and cell membrane, but do not require one another for trafficking. The XntA-myc protein co-immunoprecipitates Pkd2-FLAG, but not vice versa, suggesting two populations of Pkd2-FLAG, one of which interacts with XntA. Electrophysiology data showed that depletion and over-expression of Pkd2 led to smaller and larger depolarizations in Mg2+ solutions, respectively. Over-expression of Pkd2-FLAG in the XntA1 mutant caused slower swimming, supporting an increase in Mg2+ permeability, in agreement with the electrophysiology data. We propose that Pkd2 in P. tetraurelia collaborates with XntA for Mg2+-induced behavior. Our data suggest Pkd2 is sufficient and necessary for Mg2+ conductance and membrane permeability to Mg2+, and that Pkd2 is potentially a Mg2+-permeable channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Valentine
- State University of New York at Plattsburgh, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA.
| | - Junji Yano
- University of Vermont, Department of Biology, 120 Marsh Life Science, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Judith Van Houten
- University of Vermont, Department of Biology, 120 Marsh Life Science, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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19
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Xia S, Wang L, Fu TM, Wu H. Mechanism of TRPM2 channel gating revealed by cryo-EM. FEBS J 2019; 286:3333-3339. [PMID: 31144442 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a non-selective cation channel that allows Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane and efflux from lysosomes upon opening. TRPM2 is best known as a biosensor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediates some of the body's responses to oxidative stress. As such, TRPM2 is involved in a plethora of biological processes including immune response, insulin secretion, body temperature control and neuronal cell death, and represents an emerging therapeutic target for many human diseases, from diabetes to inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. A direct ligand of TRPM2 is ADP-ribose (ADPR), which accumulates in cells at high levels of ROS, and activates TRPM2 synergistically with intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ). Here, we describe recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of TRPM2 and summarize the insights they provided into the gating mechanism of the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xia
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Longfei Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Tian-Min Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
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20
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Toffa DH, Magnerou MA, Kassab A, Hassane Djibo F, Sow AD. Can magnesium reduce central neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease? Basic evidences and research needs. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:195-202. [PMID: 30905744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a crucial divalent cation with more than 300 cellular functions. This ion shows therapeutic properties in several neurological diseases. Although there are numerous basic evidences showing that Mg can inhibit pathological processes involved in neuroglial degeneration, this low-cost option is not well-considered in clinical research and practice for now. Nevertheless, none of the expensive drugs currently recommended by the classic guidelines (in addition to physiological rehabilitation) had shown exceptional effectiveness. Herein, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), we analyze the therapeutic pathways that support the use of Mg for neurogenesis and neuroprotection. According to experimental findings reviewed, Mg shows interesting abilities to facilitate toxin clearance, reduce neuroinflammation, inhibit the pathologic processing of amyloid protein precursor (APP) as well as the abnormal tau protein phosphorylation, and to reverse the deregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Currently, some crucial details of the mechanisms involved in these proved effects remain elusive and clinical background is poor. Therefore, further studies are required to enable a better overview on pharmacodynamic targets of Mg and thus, to find optimal pharmacologic strategies for clinical use of this ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dènahin Hinnoutondji Toffa
- Epilepsy Lab, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Neurology Division, CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | | | - Ali Kassab
- Epilepsy Lab, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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21
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Azim MK, Mehnaz A, Ahmed JZ, Mujtaba G. Exome sequencing identifies a novel frameshift variant causing hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. CEN Case Rep 2019; 8:42-47. [PMID: 30144020 PMCID: PMC6361088 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-018-0362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by intense hypomagnesemia associated with hypocalcemia (HSH). Mutations in the TRPM6 gene, encoding the epithelial Mg2+ channel TRPM6, have been proven to be the molecular cause of this disease. This study identified causal mutations in a 2-month-old male patient of hypomagnesemia from a consanguineous marriage. Biochemical analyses indicated the diagnosis of HSH due to primary gastrointestinal loss of magnesium. Whole exome sequencing of the trio (i.e. proband and both parents) was carried out with mean coverage of > 150×. ANNOVAR was used to annotate functional consequences of genetic variation from exome sequencing data. After variant filtering and annotation, a number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 2 bp deletion at exon26:c.4402_4403delCT in TRPM6 gene were identified. This deletion which resulted in a novel frameshift mutation in exon 26 of this gene was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. With these investigations in hand, the patient was managed with magnesium sulphate. The patient remained asymptomatic and was developmentally and neurologically normal till his last follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamran Azim
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Department of Biosciences, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Aisha Mehnaz
- Department of Paediatrics, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Z Ahmed
- Department of Paediatrics, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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22
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TRPM6 is Essential for Magnesium Uptake and Epithelial Cell Function in the Colon. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060784. [PMID: 29912157 PMCID: PMC6024373 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal magnesium (Mg) uptake is essential for systemic Mg homeostasis. Colon cells express the two highly homologous transient receptor potential melastatin type (TRPM) 6 and 7 Mg2+ channels, but their precise function and the consequences of their mutual interaction are not clear. To explore the functional role of TRPM6 and TRPM7 in the colon, we used human colon cell lines that innately express both channels and analyzed the functional consequences of genetic knocking-down, by RNA interference, or pharmacological inhibition, by NS8593, of either channel. TRPM7 silencing caused an increase in Mg2+ influx, and correspondingly enhanced cell proliferation and migration, while downregulation of TRPM6 did not affect significantly either Mg2+ influx or cell proliferation. Exposure to the specific TRPM6/7 inhibitor NS8593 reduced Mg2+ influx, and consequently cell proliferation and migration, but Mg supplementation rescued the inhibition. We propose a model whereby in colon cells the functional Mg2+ channel at the plasma membrane may consist of both TRPM7 homomers and TRPM6/7 heteromers. A different expression ratio between the two proteins may result in different functional properties. Altogether, our findings confirm that TRPM6 cannot be replaced by TRPM7, and that TRPM6/7 complexes and TRPM6/7-mediated Mg2+ influx are indispensable in human epithelial colon cells.
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23
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Krishnamoorthy M, Buhari FHM, Zhao T, Brauer PM, Burrows K, Cao EY, Moxley-Paquette V, Mortha A, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Treanor B. The ion channel TRPM7 is required for B cell lymphopoiesis. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/533/eaan2693. [PMID: 29871911 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) family is a large family of widely expressed ion channels that regulate the intracellular concentration of ions and metals and respond to various chemical and physical stimuli. TRP subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) is unusual in that it contains both an ion channel and a kinase domain. TRPM7 is a divalent cation channel with preference for Ca2+ and Mg2+ It is required for the survival of DT40 cells, a B cell line; however, deletion of TRPM7 in T cells does not impair their development. We found that expression of TRPM7 was required for B cell development in mice. Mice that lacked TRPM7 in B cells failed to generate peripheral B cells because of a developmental block at the pro-B cell stage. The loss of TRPM7 kinase activity alone did not affect the proportion of peripheral mature B cells or the development of B cells in the bone marrow. However, supplementation with a high concentration of extracellular Mg2+ partially rescued the development of TRPM7-deficient B cells in vitro. Thus, our findings identify a critical role for TRPM7 ion channel activity in B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithunah Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | | | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Kyle Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric Yixiao Cao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Vincent Moxley-Paquette
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Zúñiga-Pflücker
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Bebhinn Treanor
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Giménez-Mascarell P, Schirrmacher CE, Martínez-Cruz LA, Müller D. Novel Aspects of Renal Magnesium Homeostasis. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:77. [PMID: 29686978 PMCID: PMC5900390 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is indispensable for several vital functions, such as neurotransmission, cardiac conductance, blood glucose, blood pressure regulation, and proper function of more than 300 enzymes. Thus, Mg2+ homeostasis is subject to tight regulation. Besides the fast and immediate regulation of plasma Mg2+, a major part of Mg2+ homeostasis is realized by a concerted action of epithelial molecular structures that tightly control intestinal uptake and renal absorption. This mechanism is provided by a combination of para- and transcellular pathways. Whereas the first pathway provides the organism with a maximal amount of vital substances by a minimal energy expenditure, the latter enables controlling and fine-tuning by means of local and regional regulatory systems and also, hormonal control. The paracellular pathway is driven by an electrochemical gradient and realized in principal by the tight junction (TJ), a supramolecular organization of membrane-bound proteins and their adaptor and scaffolding proteins. TJ determinants are claudins (CLDN), a family of membrane spanning proteins that generate a barrier or a pore between two adjacent epithelial cells. Many insights into molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ handling have been achieved by the identification of alterations and mutations in human genes which cause disorders of paracellular Mg2+ pathways (CLDN10, CLDN14, CLDN16, CLDN19). Also, in the distal convoluted tubule, a basolateral protein, CNNM2, causes if mutated, familial dominant and also recessive renal Mg2+ wasting, albeit its true function has not been clarified yet, but is assumed to play a key role in the transcellular pathway. Moreover, mutations in human genes that are involved in regulating these proteins directly or indirectly cause, if mutated human diseases, mostly in combination with comorbidities as diabetes, cystic renal disease, or metabolic abnormalities. Generation and characterization of animal models harboring the corresponding mutations have further contributed to the elucidation of physiology and pathophysiology of Mg2+ disorders. Finally, high-end crystallization techniques allow understanding of Mg2+ handling in more detail. As this field is rapidly growing, we describe here the principles of physiology and pathophysiology of epithelial transport of renal Mg2+ homeostasis with emphasis on recently identified mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlotta Else Schirrmacher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Komiya Y, Bai Z, Cai N, Lou L, Al-Saadi N, Mezzacappa C, Habas R, Runnels LW. A Nonredundant Role for the TRPM6 Channel in Neural Tube Closure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15623. [PMID: 29142255 PMCID: PMC5688082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, germline mutations in Trpm6 cause autosomal dominant hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia disorder. Loss of Trpm6 in mice also perturbs cellular magnesium homeostasis but additionally results in early embryonic lethality and neural tube closure defects. To define the mechanisms by which TRPM6 influences neural tube closure, we functionally characterized the role of TRPM6 during early embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis. The expression of Xenopus TRPM6 (XTRPM6) is elevated at the onset of gastrulation and is concentrated in the lateral mesoderm and ectoderm at the neurula stage. Loss of XTRPM6 produced gastrulation and neural tube closure defects. Unlike XTRPM6's close homologue XTRPM7, whose loss interferes with mediolateral intercalation, depletion of XTRPM6 but not XTRPM7 disrupted radial intercalation cell movements. A zinc-influx assay demonstrated that TRPM6 has the potential to constitute functional channels in the absence of TRPM7. The results of our study indicate that XTRPM6 regulates radial intercalation with little or no contribution from XTRPM7 in the region lateral to the neural plate, whereas XTRPM7 is mainly involved in regulating mediolateral intercalation in the medial region of the neural plate. We conclude that both TRPM6 and TRPM7 channels function cooperatively but have distinct and essential roles during neural tube closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Komiya
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Deptartment of Pharmacology, Piscataway, 08854, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Bai
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Deptartment of Pharmacology, Piscataway, 08854, USA
| | - Na Cai
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Deptartment of Pharmacology, Piscataway, 08854, USA
| | - Liping Lou
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Deptartment of Pharmacology, Piscataway, 08854, USA
| | - Namariq Al-Saadi
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Deptartment of Pharmacology, Piscataway, 08854, USA
| | | | - Raymond Habas
- Temple University, Deptartment of Biology, Philadelphia, 19122, USA.
| | - Loren W Runnels
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Deptartment of Pharmacology, Piscataway, 08854, USA.
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Ion channel functional protein kinase TRPM7 regulates Mg ions to promote the osteoinduction of human osteoblast via PI3K pathway: In vitro simulation of the bone-repairing effect of Mg-based alloy implant. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:369-382. [PMID: 28882757 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mg-based alloys, as the potential orthopaedic implant, can self-degrade to avoid second operation for its remove, and enable to promote bone repair; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of Mg ions on osteogenesis, chemotaxis and anti-alkaline stress in hFOB1.19 human osteoblast cells to simulate bone-repairing effect of a biodegradable Mg-based alloy implant in vitro, and explored the regulatory role of the transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway in the process of Mg ion-induced bone repair by knockdown of TRPM7 and antagonizing PI3K activity. Results indicate that Mg ions up-regulated the expression of Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) through TRPM7/PI3K signalling pathway, which could significantly enhance the osteogenic activity of human osteoblasts. Furthermore, the expression levels of MMP2, MMP9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased by TRPM7/PI3K signalling pathway, which recruits osteoblasts from low- to high-Mg ion environments by inducing cell migration. Although an alkaline environment has antibacterial effects, alkaline stress can cause cytotoxicity and induce cell death. Finally, we found that Mg ions could activate PI3K phosphorylation to promote cell growth and survival, protecting cells against the alkaline-stress-induced cytotoxicity caused by the degradation of Mg-based alloy implants. Our study not only revealed the molecular mechanism of Mg in promoting bone repair but also explained the protective effects of Mg ions on osteoblasts in an alkaline environment, which provides a theoretical basis and new directions for the application of Mg-based alloy implant material in orthopaedics fixations and osteosarcoma treatment. STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE As a potential biomaterial for orthopaedic implant, biodegradable magnesium has several advantages including self-degradation and bone repair promotion; however, the underlying mechanisms and effective concentration by which molecular regulates the bone repair remain unclear. The present study revealed that Mg ion and its effective concentration for activating PI3K phosphorylation via TRPM7, which causes three processes affecting bone repair, namely, osteoblast recruitment, osteogenesis and resistance to alkaline stress in human osteoblast. Therefore, our results have provided insight into the underlying molecular biological basis, and guidance for manipulating degradation rate, such as surface modification, of orthopaedic Mg-based implants.
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Ferioli S, Zierler S, Zaißerer J, Schredelseker J, Gudermann T, Chubanov V. TRPM6 and TRPM7 differentially contribute to the relief of heteromeric TRPM6/7 channels from inhibition by cytosolic Mg 2+ and Mg·ATP. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8806. [PMID: 28821869 PMCID: PMC5562840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM6 and its homologue TRPM7 are α-kinase-coupled divalent cation-selective channels activated upon reduction of cytosolic levels of Mg2+ and Mg·ATP. TRPM6 is vital for organismal Mg2+ balance. However, mechanistically the cellular role and functional nonredundancy of TRPM6 remain incompletely understood. Comparative analysis of native currents in primary cells from TRPM6- versus TRPM7-deficient mice supported the concept that native TRPM6 primarily functions as a constituent of heteromeric TRPM6/7 channels. However, heterologous expression of the human TRPM6 protein engendered controversial results with respect to channel characteristics including its regulation by Mg2+ and Mg·ATP. To resolve this issue, we cloned the mouse TRPM6 (mTRPM6) cDNA and compared its functional characteristics to mouse TRPM7 (mTRPM7) after heterologous expression. Notably, we observed that mTRPM6 and mTRPM7 differentially regulate properties of heteromeric mTRPM6/7 channels: In the presence of mTRPM7, the extreme sensitivity of functionally expressed homomeric mTRPM6 to Mg2+ is tuned to higher concentrations, whereas mTRPM6 relieves mTRPM7 from the tight inhibition by Mg·ATP. Consequently, the association of mTRPM6 with mTRPM7 allows for high constitutive activity of mTRPM6/7 in the presence of physiological levels of Mg2+ and Mg·ATP, thus laying the mechanistic foundation for constant vectorial Mg2+ transport specifically into epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ferioli
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joanna Zaißerer
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johann Schredelseker
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany. .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Li H, Sun S, Chen J, Xu G, Wang H, Qian Q. Genetics of Magnesium Disorders. KIDNEY DISEASES 2017; 3:85-97. [PMID: 29344503 DOI: 10.1159/000477730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Magnesium (Mg2+), the second most abundant cation in the cell, is woven into a multitude of cellular functions. Dysmagnesemia is associated with multiple diseases and, when severe, can be life-threatening. Summary This review discusses Mg2+ homeostasis and function with specific focus on renal Mg2+ handling. Intrarenal channels and transporters related to Mg2+ absorption are discussed. Unraveling the rare genetic diseases with manifestations of dysmagnesemia has greatly increased our understanding of the complex and intricate regulatory network in the kidney, specifically, functions of tight junction proteins including claudin-14, -16, -19, and -10; apical ion channels including: TRPM6, Kv1.1, and ROMK; small regulatory proteins including AC3 and ANK3; and basolateral proteins including EGF receptor, γ-subunit (FXYD2) of Na-K-ATPase, Kir4.1, CaSR, CNNM2, and SLC41A. Although our understanding of Mg2+ handling of the kidney has expanded considerably in the last two decades, many questions remain. Future studies are needed to elucidate a multitude of unknown aspects of Mg2+ handling in the kidney. Key Message Understanding rare and genetic diseases of Mg2+ dysregulation has expanded our knowledge and furthers the development of strategies for preventing and managing dysmagnesemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Goushuang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Qi Qian
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Alexander RT, Dimke H. Effect of diuretics on renal tubular transport of calcium and magnesium. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F998-F1015. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00032.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) reabsorption along the renal tubule is dependent on distinct trans- and paracellular pathways. Our understanding of the molecular machinery involved is increasing. Ca2+ and Mg2+ reclamation in kidney is dependent on a diverse array of proteins, which are important for both forming divalent cation-permeable pores and channels, but also for generating the necessary driving forces for Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport. Alterations in these molecular constituents can have profound effects on tubular Ca2+ and Mg2+ handling. Diuretics are used to treat a large range of clinical conditions, but most commonly for the management of blood pressure and fluid balance. The pharmacological targets of diuretics generally directly facilitate sodium (Na+) transport, but also indirectly affect renal Ca2+ and Mg2+ handling, i.e., by establishing a prerequisite electrochemical gradient. It is therefore not surprising that substantial alterations in divalent cation handling can be observed following diuretic treatment. The effects of diuretics on renal Ca2+ and Mg2+ handling are reviewed in the context of the present understanding of basal molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport. Acetazolamide, osmotic diuretics, Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3) inhibitors, and antidiabetic Na+/glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT) blocking compounds, target the proximal tubule, where paracellular Ca2+ transport predominates. Loop diuretics and renal outer medullary K+ (ROMK) inhibitors block thick ascending limb transport, a segment with significant paracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport. Thiazides target the distal convoluted tubule; however, their effect on divalent cation transport is not limited to that segment. Finally, potassium-sparing diuretics, which inhibit electrogenic Na+ transport at distal sites, can also affect divalent cation transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Todd Alexander
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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31
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Zierler S, Hampe S, Nadolni W. TRPM channels as potential therapeutic targets against pro-inflammatory diseases. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:105-115. [PMID: 28549569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune system protects our body against foreign pathogens. However, if it overshoots or turns against itself, pro-inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or diabetes develop. Ions, the most basic signaling molecules, shape intracellular signaling cascades resulting in immune cell activation and subsequent immune responses. Mutations in ion channels required for calcium signaling result in human immunodeficiencies and highlight those ion channels as valued targets for therapies against pro-inflammatory diseases. Signaling pathways regulated by melastatin-like transient receptor potential (TRPM) cation channels also play crucial roles in calcium signaling and leukocyte physiology, affecting phagocytosis, degranulation, chemokine and cytokine expression, chemotaxis and invasion, as well as lymphocyte development and proliferation. Therefore, this review discusses their regulation, possible interactions and whether they can be exploited as targets for therapeutic approaches to pro-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Zierler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Sarah Hampe
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Nadolni
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Germany
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32
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Tykocki NR, Boerman EM, Jackson WF. Smooth Muscle Ion Channels and Regulation of Vascular Tone in Resistance Arteries and Arterioles. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:485-581. [PMID: 28333380 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the body's tissues and organs. Ion channels in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in these blood vessels importantly contribute to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the primary determinant of SMC contractile activity and vascular tone. Ion channels provide the main source of activator Ca2+ that determines vascular tone, and strongly contribute to setting and regulating membrane potential, which, in turn, regulates the open-state-probability of voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), the primary source of Ca2+ in resistance artery and arteriolar SMCs. Ion channel function is also modulated by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, contributing to all aspects of the regulation of vascular tone. This review will focus on the physiology of VGCCs, voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, strong-inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), and a variety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that contribute to pressure-induced myogenic tone in resistance arteries and arterioles, the modulation of the function of these ion channels by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, their role in the functional regulation of tissue blood flow and their dysfunction in diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:485-581, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Mass Spectrometric Analysis of TRPM6 and TRPM7 Phosphorylation Reveals Regulatory Mechanisms of the Channel-Kinases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42739. [PMID: 28220887 PMCID: PMC5318989 DOI: 10.1038/srep42739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM7 and TRPM6 were the first identified bifunctional channels to contain their own kinase domains, but how these channel-kinases are regulated is poorly understood. Previous studies identified numerous phosphorylation sites on TRPM7, but very little is known about TRPM6 phosphorylation or sites on TRPM7 transphosphorylated by TRPM6. Our mass spectrometric analysis of homomeric and heteromeric TRPM7 and TRPM6 channels identified phosphorylation sites on both proteins, as well as several prominent sites on TRPM7 that are commonly modified through autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation by TRPM6. We conducted a series of amino acid substitution analyses and identified S1777, in TRPM7’s catalytic domain, and S1565, in TRPM7’s exchange domain that mediates kinase dimerization, as potential regulatory sites. The phosphomimetic S1777D substitution disrupted catalytic activity, most likely by causing an electrostatic perturbation at the active site. The S1565D phosphomimetic substitution also inactivated the kinase but did so without interfering with kinase dimerization. Molecular modeling indicates that phosphorylation of S1565 is predicted to structurally affect TRPM7’s functionally conserved N/D loop, which is thought to influence the access of substrate to the active site pocket. We propose that phosphorylation of S1565 within the exchange domain functions as a regulatory switch to control TRPM7 catalytic activity.
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Suzuki Y, Watanabe M, Saito CT, Tominaga M. Expression of the TRPM6 in mouse placental trophoblasts; potential role in maternal-fetal calcium transport. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:151-162. [PMID: 27043350 PMCID: PMC10717052 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is required to transport calcium (Ca2+) from mother to fetus during fetal bone mineralization. In an attempt to clarify the molecular basis of Ca2+ entry for this transport, we identified TRPM6 as a candidate for apical Ca2+ entry pathway. TRPM6 mRNA increased during the last 4 days of pregnancy, coinciding with fetal bone mineralization in mice. TRPM6 mRNA and protein was localized in the trophoblasts in labyrinth where the maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport occurs. In patch-clamp recordings, we observed TRPM6/TRPM7-like currents in mouse trophoblasts after starting fetal bone mineralization but not before mineralization. Plasma membrane Ca2+ permeability was significantly increased in TRPM6/TRPM7 expressed HEK293 cells under physiological Mg2+ and ATP concentration but not in TRPM6 or TRPM7 homomer-expressing cells. These results suggest that TRPM6 is functionally expressed in mouse placental trophoblasts, implicating in maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport likely with TRPM7, which might enable to sustain fetal bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Suzuki
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Claire T Saito
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
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35
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Komiya Y, Runnels LW. TRPM channels and magnesium in early embryonic development. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 59:281-8. [PMID: 26679946 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.150196lr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg(2+)) is the second most abundant cellular cation and is essential for all stages of life, from the early embryo to adult. Mg(2+) deficiency causes or contributes to many human diseases, including migraine headaches, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, hypotension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiac arrhythmias. Although the concentration of Mg(2+) in the extracellular environment can vary significantly, the total intracellular Mg(2+) concentration is actively maintained within a relatively narrow range (14 - 20 mM) via tight, yet poorly understood, regulation of intracellular Mg(2+)by Mg(2+) transporters and Mg(2+)-permeant ion channels. Recent studies have continued to add to the growing number of Mg(2+) transporters and ion channels involved in Mg(2+) homeostasis, including TRPM6 and TRPM7, members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family. Mutations in TRPM6, including amino acid substitutions that prevent its heterooligomerization with TRPM7, occur in the rare autosomal-recessive disease hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH). Genetic ablation of either gene in mice results in early embryonic lethality, raising the question of whether these channels' capacity to mediate Mg(2+) influx plays an important role in embryonic development. Here we review what is known of the function of Mg(2+) in early development and summarize recent findings regarding the function of the TRPM6 and TRPM7 ion channels during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Komiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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36
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Kim BJ, Hong C. Role of transient receptor potential melastatin type 7 channel in gastric cancer. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:124-130. [PMID: 28462107 PMCID: PMC5381434 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a family of ion channels, which are responsible for a wide array of cellular functions. In particular, TRP melastatin type (TRPM) 7 is expressed everywhere and permeable to divalent cations such as Mg2+ and Ca2+. It contains a channel and a kinase domain. Recent studies indicate that activation of TRPM7 plays an important role in the growth and survival of gastric cancer cells. In this review, we describe and discuss the findings of recent studies that have provided novel insights of the relation between TRPM7 and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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37
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RamaKrishnan AM, Sankaranarayanan K. Understanding autoimmunity: The ion channel perspective. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:585-620. [PMID: 26854401 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that orchestrate the passage of ions across the cell membrane and thus regulate various key physiological processes of the living system. The stringently regulated expression and function of these channels hold a pivotal role in the development and execution of various cellular functions. Malfunction of these channels results in debilitating diseases collectively termed channelopathies. In this review, we highlight the role of these proteins in the immune system with special emphasis on the development of autoimmunity. The role of ion channels in various autoimmune diseases is also listed out. This comprehensive review summarizes the ion channels that could be used as molecular targets in the development of new therapeutics against autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai 600 044, India.
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38
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Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Trapani V, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Merolle L, Wolf FI, Iotti S, Maier JAM. Magnesium homeostasis in colon carcinoma LoVo cells sensitive or resistant to doxorubicin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16538. [PMID: 26563869 PMCID: PMC4643312 DOI: 10.1038/srep16538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells accumulate magnesium, an event which provides selective advantages and is frequently associated with TRPM7 overexpression. Little is known about magnesium homeostasis in drug-resistant cancer cells. Therefore, we used the colon cancer LoVo cell model and compared doxorubicin-resistant to sensitive cells. In resistant cells the concentration of total magnesium is higher while its influx capacity is lower than in sensitive cells. Accordingly, resistant cells express lower amounts of the TRPM6 and 7, both involved in magnesium transport. While decreased TRPM6 levels are due to transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional events are involved in reducing the amounts of TRPM7. Indeed, the calpain inhibitor calpeptin markedly increases the levels of TRPM7 in resistant cells. In doxorubicin-sensitive cells, silencing TRPM7 shifts the phenotype to one more similar to resistant cells, since in these cells silencing TRPM7 significantly decreases the influx of magnesium, increases its intracellular concentration and increases resistance to doxorubicin. On the other hand, calpain inhibition upregulates TRPM7, decreases intracellular magnesium and enhances the sensitivity to doxorubicin of resistant LoVo cells. We conclude that in LoVo cells drug resistance is associated with alteration of magnesium homeostasis through modulation of TRPM7. Our data suggest that TRPM7 expression may be an additional undisclosed player in chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Castiglioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, Milano I-20157
| | - Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, Milano I-20157
| | - Valentina Trapani
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, Roma I-00168
| | - Concettina Cappadone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università Alma Mater di Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna I-40127
| | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università Alma Mater di Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna I-40127
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale delle Medaglie d’oro 305, Roma I-00136
| | - Lucia Merolle
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università Alma Mater di Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna I-40127
| | - Federica I. Wolf
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, Roma I-00168
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università Alma Mater di Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna I-40127
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale delle Medaglie d’oro 305, Roma I-00136
| | - Jeanette A M Maier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, Milano I-20157
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39
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Tomilin V, Mamenko M, Zaika O, Pochynyuk O. Role of renal TRP channels in physiology and pathology. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:371-83. [PMID: 26385481 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys critically contribute to the maintenance of whole-body homeostasis by governing water and electrolyte balance, controlling extracellular fluid volume, plasma osmolality, and blood pressure. Renal function is regulated by numerous systemic endocrine and local mechanical stimuli. Kidneys possess a complex network of membrane receptors, transporters, and ion channels which allows responding to this wide array of signaling inputs in an integrative manner. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family members with diverse modes of activation, varied permeation properties, and capability to integrate multiple downstream signals are pivotal molecular determinants of renal function all along the nephron. This review summarizes experimental data on the role of TRP channels in a healthy mammalian kidney and discusses their involvement in renal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Tomilin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mykola Mamenko
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Oleg Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Oleh Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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40
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Zhang Z, Faouzi M, Huang J, Geerts D, Yu H, Fleig A, Penner R. N-Myc-induced up-regulation of TRPM6/TRPM7 channels promotes neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7625-34. [PMID: 25277194 PMCID: PMC4202149 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular levels of the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ are important regulators of cell cycle and proliferation. However, the precise mechanisms by which they are regulated in cancer remain incompletely understood. The channel kinases TRPM6 and TRPM7 are gatekeepers of human Ca2+/Mg2+ metabolism. Here, we investigated the human neuroblastoma cell line SHEP-21N in which the MYCN oncogene (encoding N-Myc) can be reversibly expressed under control of an inducible repressor. We report that N-Myc expression increases cell growth and up-regulates both TRPM6 and TRPM7 expression. Membrane current analyses reveal that endogenous TRPM6/TRPM7 currents exhibit reduced Mg·ATP suppression, increased Mg2+ sensitivity, and diminished sensitivity to 2-APB inhibition. These properties are consistent with N-Myc-induced increase of heteromeric TRPM7/TRPM6 channels promoting Ca2+ and Mg2+ uptake. Genetic suppression of TRPM6/TRPM7 through siRNA inhibits cell proliferation, suggesting that N-Myc can promote neuroblastoma cell proliferation through up-regulation of divalent cation-transporting channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, University of Hawaii Cancer Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, U.S.A. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Contributed equally to this work
| | - Malika Faouzi
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, University of Hawaii Cancer Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, U.S.A.. Contributed equally to this work
| | - Junhao Huang
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, University of Hawaii Cancer Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, U.S.A
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haijie Yu
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, University of Hawaii Cancer Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, U.S.A
| | - Andrea Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center,University of Hawaii Cancer Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, U.S.A
| | - Reinhold Penner
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, University of Hawaii Cancer Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, U.S.A
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41
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Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions have been shown to play an important role in regulating various neuronal functions. In the present review we focus on the emerging role of transient potential melastatin-7 (TRPM7) channel in not only regulating Ca2+ and Mg2+ homeostasis necessary for biological functions, but also how alterations in TRPM7 function/expression could induce neurodegeneration. Although eight TRPM channels have been identified, the channel properties, mode of activation, and physiological responses of various TRPM channels are quite distinct. Among the known 8 TRPM channels only TRPM6 and TRPM7 channels are highly permeable to both Ca2+ and Mg2+; however here we will only focus on TRPM7 as unlike TRPM6, TRPM7 channels are abundantly expressed in neuronal cells. Importantly, the discrepancy in TRPM7 channel function and expression leads to various neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Further, it is emerging as a key factor in anoxic neuronal death and in other neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, by understanding the precise involvement of the TRPM7 channels in different neurodegenerative diseases and by understanding the factors that regulate TRPM7 channels, we could uncover new strategies in the future that could evolve as new drug therapeutic targets for effective treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- a Department of Basic Science ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota ; Grand Forks , ND USA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- a Department of Basic Science ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota ; Grand Forks , ND USA
| | - Anne Schaar
- a Department of Basic Science ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota ; Grand Forks , ND USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- a Department of Basic Science ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota ; Grand Forks , ND USA
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42
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Davenport B, Li Y, Heizer JW, Schmitz C, Perraud AL. Signature Channels of Excitability no More: L-Type Channels in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2015; 6:375. [PMID: 26257741 PMCID: PMC4512153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concept of Ca(2+) as a universal messenger is well established, it was assumed that the regulatory mechanisms of Ca(2+)-signaling were divided along the line of electric excitability. Recent advances in molecular biology and genomics have, however, provided evidence that non-excitable cells such as immunocytes also express a wide and diverse pool of ion channels that does not differ as significantly from that of excitable cells as originally assumed. Ion channels and transporters are involved in virtually all aspects of immune response regulation, from cell differentiation and development to activation, and effector functions such as migration, antibody-secretion, phagosomal maturation, or vesicular delivery of bactericidal agents. This comprises TRP channel family members, voltage- and Ca(2+)-gated K(+)- and Na(+)-channels, as well as unexpectedly, components of the CaV1-subfamily of voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+)-channels, originally thought to be signature molecules of excitability. This article provides an overview of recent observations made in the field of CaV1 L-type channel function in the immune context, as well as presents results we obtained studying these channels in B-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett Davenport
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Justin W Heizer
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Carsten Schmitz
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Anne-Laure Perraud
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
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43
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Oh HG, Chun YS, Park CS, Kim TW, Park MK, Chung S. Regulation of basal autophagy by transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Regulation of magnesium balance: lessons learned from human genetic disease. Clin Kidney J 2015; 5:i15-i24. [PMID: 26069817 PMCID: PMC4455826 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfr164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg(2+)) is the fourth most abundant cation in the body. Thus, magnesium homeostasis needs to be tightly regulated, and this is facilitated by intestinal absorption and renal excretion. Magnesium absorption is dependent on two concomitant pathways found in both in the intestine and the kidneys: passive paracellular transport via claudins facilitates bulk magnesium absorption, whereas active transcellular pathways mediate the fine-tuning of magnesium absorption. The identification of genes responsible for diseases associated with hypomagnesaemia resulted in the discovery of several magnesiotropic proteins. Claudins 16 and 19 form the tight junction pore necessary for mass magnesium transport. However, most of the causes of genetic hypomagnesaemia can be tracked down to transcellular magnesium transport in the distal convoluted tubule. Within the distal convoluted tubule, magnesium reabsorption is a tightly regulated process that determines the final urine magnesium concentration. Therefore, insufficient magnesium transport in the distal convoluted tubule owing to mutated magnesiotropic proteins inevitably leads to magnesium loss, which cannot be compensated for in downstream tubule segments. Better understanding of the molecular mechanism regulating magnesium reabsorption will give new opportunities for better therapies, perhaps including therapies for patients with chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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45
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Uversky VN. Unreported intrinsic disorder in proteins: Disorder emergency room. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2015; 3:e1010999. [PMID: 28232885 DOI: 10.1080/21690707.2015.1010999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article continues an "Unreported Intrinsic Disorder in Proteins" series, the goal of which is to expose some interesting cases of missed (or overlooked, or ignored) disorder in proteins. The need for this series is justified by the observation that despite the fact that protein intrinsic disorder is widely accepted by the scientific community, there are still numerous instances when appreciation of this phenomenon is absent. This results in the avalanche of research papers which are talking about intrinsically disordered proteins (or hybrid proteins with ordered and disordered regions) not recognizing that they are talking about such proteins. Articles in the "Unreported Intrinsic Disorder in Proteins" series provide a fast fix for some of the recent noticeable disorder overlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA; Biology Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Structural Dynamics; Stability and Folding of Proteins; Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia
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46
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Isman E, Aras MH, Cengiz B, Bayraktar R, Yolcu U, Topcuoglu T, Usumez A, Demir T. Effects of laser irradiation at different wavelengths (660, 810, 980, and 1064 nm) on transient receptor potential melastatin channels in an animal model of wound healing. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:1489-95. [PMID: 25863514 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of four different laser wavelengths used for low-level laser therapy(LLLT) on healing of mucositis in an animal model of wound healing, by investigating expression of transient receptor potential melastatin(TRPM) ion channels. Forty-five rats were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil on day 1 and 65 mg/kg on day 3. Superficial scratching on left cheek pouch mucosa was performed on days 3 and 5. After ulcerative mucositis was clinically detected, LLLT was started (660 nm, HELBO; 810 nm, Fotona-XD; 980 nm, ARC-Fox; and 1064 nm, Fidelis-Plus3) at 8 J/cm(2)/day from days 1 to 4. Oval excisional biopsy was performed at the wound site, and expression of TRPM2 to TRPM8 was evaluated. Student's t test was used for evaluation of significance of TRPM gene expression according to "0" value (α = 0.05). In 980-nm group, TRPM4, TRPM6, and TRPM7 were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.005). In 660, 810, and 1064 nm groups, only TRPM6 was significantly higher than in control group (p < 0.005). There were no significant differences between control and sham groups (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that expression of TRPM6 gene was significantly affected by irradiation with lasers at different wavelengths, whereas the TRPM4 and TRPM7 genes were only expressed in the 980-nm diode laser group. TRPM6 gene was highly expressed during LLLT, which may lead to accelerated wound healing and tissue repair. In contrast, there was some evidence that the 980-nm diode laser caused increased expression of TRPM4, TRPM6, and TRPM7 which are responsible for stimulation of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) metabolism, as well as apoptotic pathways of controlled cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Isman
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey,
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47
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Blanchard MG, de Baaij JHF, Verkaart SAJ, Lameris AL, Basmadjian C, Zhao Q, Désaubry L, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ. Flavaglines Stimulate Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin Type 6 (TRPM6) Channel Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119028. [PMID: 25774985 PMCID: PMC4361557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is essential for enzymatic activity, brain function and muscle contraction. Blood Mg2+ concentrations are tightly regulated between 0.7 and 1.1 mM by Mg2+ (re)absorption in kidney and intestine. The apical entry of Mg2+ in (re)absorbing epithelial cells is mediated by the transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 (TRPM6) ion channel. Here, flavaglines are described as a novel class of stimulatory compounds for TRPM6 activity. Flavaglines are a group of natural and synthetic compounds that target the ubiquitously expressed prohibitins and thereby affect cellular signaling. By whole-cell patch clamp analyses, it was demonstrated that nanomolar concentrations of flavaglines increases TRPM6 activity by ∼2 fold. The stimulatory effects were dependent on the presence of the alpha-kinase domain of TRPM6, but did not require its phosphotransferase activity. Interestingly, it was observed that two natural occurring TRPM6 mutants with impaired insulin-sensitivity, TRPM6-p.Val1393Ile and TRPM6-p.Lys1584Glu, are not sensitive to flavagline stimulation. In conclusion, we have identified flavaglines as potent activators of TRPM6 activity. Our results suggest that flavaglines stimulate TRPM6 via the insulin receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime G. Blanchard
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H. F. de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd A. J. Verkaart
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke L. Lameris
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Basmadjian
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation (UMR7200), CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France
| | - Qian Zhao
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation (UMR7200), CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation (UMR7200), CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France
| | - René J. M. Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G. J. Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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48
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Elucidating the role of the TRPM7 alpha-kinase: TRPM7 kinase inactivation leads to magnesium deprivation resistance phenotype in mice. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7599. [PMID: 25534891 PMCID: PMC4274504 DOI: 10.1038/srep07599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPM7 is an unusual bi-functional protein containing an ion channel covalently linked to a protein kinase domain. TRPM7 is implicated in regulating cellular and systemic magnesium homeostasis. While the biophysical properties of TRPM7 ion channel and its function are relatively well characterized, the function of the TRPM7 enzymatically active kinase domain is not understood yet. To investigate the physiological role of TRPM7 kinase activity, we constructed mice carrying an inactive TRPM7 kinase. We found that these mice were resistant to dietary magnesium deprivation, surviving three times longer than wild type mice; also they displayed decreased chemically induced allergic reaction. Interestingly, mutant mice have lower magnesium bone content compared to wild type mice when fed regular diet; unlike wild type mice, mutant mice placed on magnesium-depleted diet did not alter their bone magnesium content. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from TRPM7 kinase-dead animals exhibited increased resistance to magnesium deprivation and oxidative stress. Finally, electrophysiological data revealed that the activity of the kinase-dead TRPM7 channel was not significantly altered. Together, our results suggest that TRPM7 kinase is a sensor of magnesium status and provides coordination of cellular and systemic responses to magnesium deprivation.
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49
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Turlova E, Bae CYJ, Deurloo M, Chen W, Barszczyk A, Horgen FD, Fleig A, Feng ZP, Sun HS. TRPM7 Regulates Axonal Outgrowth and Maturation of Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:595-610. [PMID: 25502295 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a calcium-permeable divalent cation channel and mediates neuronal cell death under ischemic stresses. In this study, we investigated the contribution of TRPM7 to neuronal development in mouse primary hippocampal neurons. We demonstrated that TRPM7 channels are highly expressed in the tips of the growth cone. Either knockdown of TRPM7 with target-specific shRNA or blocking channel conductance by a specific blocker waixenicin A enhanced axonal outgrowth in culture. Blocking TRPM7 activity by waixenicin A reduced calcium influx and accelerated the polarization of the hippocampal neurons as characterized by the development of distinct axons and dendrites. Furthermore, TRPM7 coprecipitated and colocalized with F-actin and α-actinin-1 at the growth cone. We conclude that calcium influx through TRPM7 inhibits axonal outgrowth and maturation by regulating the F-actin and α-actinin-1 protein complex. Inhibition of TRPM7 channel promotes axonal outgrowth, suggesting its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Turlova
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1132 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christine Y J Bae
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1132 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marielle Deurloo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wenliang Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1132 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andrew Barszczyk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - F David Horgen
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Andrea Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, 96720, USA
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1132 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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50
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Leng TD, Li MH, Shen JF, Liu ML, Li XB, Sun HW, Branigan D, Zeng Z, Si HF, Li J, Chen J, Xiong ZG. Suppression of TRPM7 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of malignant human glioma cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 21:252-61. [PMID: 25438992 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. Despite intensive study on tumor biology, the underlying mechanisms of the unlimited proliferation and progressive local invasion are still poorly understood, and no effective treatment has been developed for GBM patients. AIMS We determine the role of TRPM7 channels in the growth, migration, and infiltration of malignant glioma cells. METHODS Using a combination of RT-PCR, Western blot, and patch-clamp techniques, we demonstrated the expression of functional TRPM7 channels of A172 cells, a human glioma cell line, as well as in human glioma tissues. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of TRPM7 in growth, migration, and infiltration of A172 cells with MTT and transwell migration and invasion assays. RESULTS We showed the expression of functional TRPM7 channels in both A172 cells and human glioma tissues. Suppression of TRPM7 expression with TRPM7-siRNA dramatically reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A172 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPM7 channel with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) showed a similar effect as TRPM7-siRNA. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that human glioma cells express functional TRPM7 channel and that activation of this channel plays an important role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of malignant glioma cells. TRPM7 channel may represent a novel and promising target for therapeutic intervention of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Dong Leng
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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