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Friston DA, Cuddihy J, Souza Luiz J, Truong AH, Ho L, Basra M, Santha P, Oszlacs O, de Sousa Valente J, Marczylo T, Junttila S, Laycock H, Collins D, Vizcaychipi M, Gyenesei A, Takats Z, Jancso G, Want E, Nagy I. Elevated 18:0 lysophosphatidylcholine contributes to the development of pain in tissue injury. Pain 2023; 164:e103-e115. [PMID: 36638307 PMCID: PMC9833116 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tissue injuries, including burns, are major causes of death and morbidity worldwide. These injuries result in the release of intracellular molecules and subsequent inflammatory reactions, changing the tissues' chemical milieu and leading to the development of persistent pain through activating pain-sensing primary sensory neurons. However, the majority of pain-inducing agents in injured tissues are unknown. Here, we report that, amongst other important metabolite changes, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) including 18:0 LPC exhibit significant and consistent local burn injury-induced changes in concentration. 18:0 LPC induces immediate pain and the development of hypersensitivities to mechanical and heat stimuli through molecules including the transient receptor potential ion channel, vanilloid subfamily, member 1, and member 2 at least partly via increasing lateral pressure in the membrane. As levels of LPCs including 18:0 LPC increase in other tissue injuries, our data reveal a novel role for these lipids in injury-associated pain. These findings have high potential to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Anthony Friston
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Cuddihy
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthetics, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Souza Luiz
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - An Hoai Truong
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laptin Ho
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meirvaan Basra
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Santha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Oszlacs
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joao de Sousa Valente
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Research, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Marczylo
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Sini Junttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helen Laycock
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Collins
- Department of Anaesthetics, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcela Vizcaychipi
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthetics, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Jancso
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elizabeth Want
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 mediates chronic joint pain associated to rheumatic diseases through acid-sensing ion channel 3. Pain 2022; 163:1999-2013. [PMID: 35086123 PMCID: PMC9479040 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rheumatic diseases are often associated to debilitating chronic pain, which remains difficult to treat and requires new therapeutic strategies. We had previously identified lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in the synovial fluids from few patients and shown its effect as a positive modulator of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) able to induce acute cutaneous pain in rodents. However, the possible involvement of LPC in chronic joint pain remained completely unknown. Here, we show, from 2 independent cohorts of patients with painful rheumatic diseases, that the synovial fluid levels of LPC are significantly elevated, especially the LPC16:0 species, compared with postmortem control subjects. Moreover, LPC16:0 levels correlated with pain outcomes in a cohort of osteoarthritis patients. However, LPC16:0 do not appear to be the hallmark of a particular joint disease because similar levels are found in the synovial fluids of a second cohort of patients with various rheumatic diseases. The mechanism of action was next explored by developing a pathology-derived rodent model. Intra-articular injections of LPC16:0 is a triggering factor of chronic joint pain in both male and female mice, ultimately leading to persistent pain and anxiety-like behaviors. All these effects are dependent on ASIC3 channels, which drive sufficient peripheral inputs to generate spinal sensitization processes. This study brings evidences from mouse and human supporting a role for LPC16:0 via ASIC3 channels in chronic pain arising from joints, with potential implications for pain management in osteoarthritis and possibly across other rheumatic diseases.
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Pidoux L, Delanoe K, Barbier J, Marchand F, Lingueglia E, Deval E. Single Subcutaneous Injection of Lysophosphatidyl-Choline Evokes ASIC3-Dependent Increases of Spinal Dorsal Horn Neuron Activity. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:880651. [PMID: 35774865 PMCID: PMC9239072 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.880651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidyl-choline (LPC), a member of the phospholipid family, is an emerging player in pain. It is known to modulate different pain-related ion channels, including Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 3 (ASIC3), a cationic channel mainly expressed in peripheral sensory neurons. LPC potentiates ASIC3 current evoked by mild acidifications, but can also activate the channel at physiological pH. Very recently, LPC has been associated to chronic pain in patients suffering from fibromyalgia or osteoarthritis. Accordingly, repetitive injections of LPC within mouse muscle or joint generate both persistent pain-like and anxiety-like behaviors in an ASIC3-dependent manner. LPC has also been reported to generate acute pain behaviors when injected intraplantarly in rodents. Here, we explore the mechanism of action of a single cutaneous injection of LPC by studying its effects on spinal dorsal horn neurons. We combine pharmacological, molecular and functional approaches including in vitro patch clamp recordings and in vivo recordings of spinal neuronal activity. We show that a single cutaneous injection of LPC exclusively affects the nociceptive pathway, inducing an ASIC3-dependent sensitization of nociceptive fibers that leads to hyperexcitabilities of both high threshold (HT) and wide dynamic range (WDR) spinal neurons. ASIC3 is involved in LPC-induced increase of WDR neuron’s windup as well as in WDR and HT neuron’s mechanical hypersensitivity, and it participates, together with TRPV1, to HT neuron’s thermal hypersensitivity. The nociceptive input induced by a single LPC cutaneous rather induces short-term sensitization, contrary to previously described injections in muscle and joint. If the effects of peripheral LPC on nociceptive pathways appear to mainly depend on peripheral ASIC3 channels, their consequences on pain may also depend on the tissue injected. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the nociceptive signaling pathway activated by peripheral LPC via ASIC3 channels, which is an important step regarding the ASIC3-dependent roles of this phospholipid in acute and chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Pidoux
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, LabEx ICST, FHU InovPain, Valbonne, France
| | - Kevin Delanoe
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, LabEx ICST, FHU InovPain, Valbonne, France
| | - Julie Barbier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabien Marchand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Lingueglia
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, LabEx ICST, FHU InovPain, Valbonne, France
| | - Emmanuel Deval
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, LabEx ICST, FHU InovPain, Valbonne, France
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel Deval,
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Mak YY, Loong BJ, Millns P, Bauer CC, Bon RS, Mbaki Y, Lee FK, Lim KH, Kong C, Then SM, Ting KN. Schwarzinicine A inhibits transient receptor potential canonical channels and exhibits overt vasorelaxation effects. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2952-2963. [PMID: 35537691 PMCID: PMC9544403 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the vasorelaxant effects of schwarzinicine A, an alkaloid recently reported from Ficus schwarzii Koord. Regulation of calcium homeostasis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is viewed as one of the main mechanisms for controlling blood pressure. L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC) blockers are commonly used for controlling hypertension. Recently, the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels were found in blood vessels of different animal species with evidence of their roles in the regulation of vascular contractility. In this study, we studied the mechanism of actions of schwarzinicine A focusing on its regulation of L‐type VGCC and TRPC channels. Schwarzinicine A exhibited the highest vasorelaxant effect (123.1%) compared to other calcium channel blockers. It also overtly attenuated calcium‐induced contractions of the rat isolated aortae in a calcium‐free environment showing its mechanism to inhibit calcium influx. Fluorometric intracellular calcium recordings confirmed its inhibition of hTRPC3‐, hTRPC4‐, hTRPC5‐ and hTRPC6‐mediated calcium influx into HEK cells with IC50 values of 3, 17, 19 and 7 μM, respectively. The evidence gathered in this study suggests that schwarzinicine A blocks multiple TRPC channels and L‐type VGCC to exert a significant vascular relaxation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ying Mak
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Bi-Juin Loong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Paul Millns
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claudia C Bauer
- Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yvonne Mbaki
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fong-Kai Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Cin Kong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Mian Then
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Kang-Nee Ting
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
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5
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Putta P, Smith AH, Chaudhuri P, Guardia-Wolff R, Rosenbaum MA, Graham LM. Activation of the cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A 2 β isoform contributes to TRPC6 externalization via release of arachidonic acid. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101180. [PMID: 34509476 PMCID: PMC8498464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During vascular interventions, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) accumulate at the site of arterial injury, inhibiting endothelial cell (EC) migration and arterial healing. LysoPC activates canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels, leading to a prolonged increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration that inhibits EC migration. However, an initial increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration is required to activate TRPC6, and this mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that lysoPC activates the lipid-cleaving enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which releases arachidonic acid (AA) from the cellular membrane to open arachidonate-regulated calcium channels, allowing calcium influx that promotes externalization and activation of TRPC6 channels. The focus of this study was to identify the roles of calcium-dependent and/or calcium-independent PLA2 in lysoPC-induced TRPC6 externalization. We show that lysoPC induced PLA2 enzymatic activity and caused AA release in bovine aortic ECs. To identify the specific subgroup and the isoform(s) of PLA2 involved in lysoPC-induced TRPC6 activation, transient knockdown studies were performed in the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 using siRNA to inhibit the expression of genes encoding cPLA2α, cPLA2γ, iPLA2β, or iPLA2γ. Downregulation of the β isoform of iPLA2 blocked lysoPC-induced release of AA from EC membranes and TRPC6 externalization, as well as preserved EC migration in the presence of lysoPC. We propose that blocking TRPC6 activation and promoting endothelial healing could improve the outcomes for patients undergoing cardiovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Putta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Andrew H Smith
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pinaki Chaudhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rocio Guardia-Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Rosenbaum
- Surgical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Linda M Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Sadler KE, Moehring F, Shiers SI, Laskowski LJ, Mikesell AR, Plautz ZR, Brezinski AN, Mecca CM, Dussor G, Price TJ, McCorvy JD, Stucky CL. Transient receptor potential canonical 5 mediates inflammatory mechanical and spontaneous pain in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/595/eabd7702. [PMID: 34039739 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tactile and spontaneous pains are poorly managed symptoms of inflammatory and neuropathic injury. Here, we found that transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) is a chief contributor to both of these sensations in multiple rodent pain models. Use of TRPC5 knockout mice and inhibitors revealed that TRPC5 selectively contributes to the mechanical hypersensitivity associated with CFA injection, skin incision, chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy, sickle cell disease, and migraine, all of which were characterized by elevated concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Accordingly, exogenous application of LPC induced TRPC5-dependent behavioral mechanical allodynia, neuronal mechanical hypersensitivity, and spontaneous pain in naïve mice. Lastly, we found that 75% of human sensory neurons express TRPC5, the activity of which is directly modulated by LPC. On the basis of these results, TRPC5 inhibitors might effectively treat spontaneous and tactile pain in conditions characterized by elevated LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn E Sadler
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Francie Moehring
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Stephanie I Shiers
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Lauren J Laskowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alexander R Mikesell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zakary R Plautz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Allison N Brezinski
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christina M Mecca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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7
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Wright DJ, Simmons KJ, Johnson RM, Beech DJ, Muench SP, Bon RS. Human TRPC5 structures reveal interaction of a xanthine-based TRPC1/4/5 inhibitor with a conserved lipid binding site. Commun Biol 2020; 3:704. [PMID: 33230284 PMCID: PMC7683545 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPC1/4/5 channels are non-specific cation channels implicated in a wide variety of diseases, and TRPC1/4/5 inhibitors have recently entered clinical trials. However, fundamental and translational studies require a better understanding of TRPC1/4/5 channel regulation by endogenous and exogenous factors. Although several potent and selective TRPC1/4/5 modulators have been reported, the paucity of mechanistic insights into their modes-of-action remains a barrier to the development of new chemical probes and drug candidates. Xanthine-based modulators include the most potent and selective TRPC1/4/5 inhibitors described to date, as well as TRPC5 activators. Our previous studies suggest that xanthines interact with a, so far, elusive pocket of TRPC1/4/5 channels that is essential to channel gating. Here we report the structure of a small-molecule-bound TRPC1/4/5 channel-human TRPC5 in complex with the xanthine Pico145-to 3.0 Å. We found that Pico145 binds to a conserved lipid binding site of TRPC5, where it displaces a bound phospholipid. Our findings explain the mode-of-action of xanthine-based TRPC1/4/5 modulators, and suggest a structural basis for TRPC1/4/5 modulation by endogenous factors such as (phospho)lipids and Zn2+ ions. These studies lay the foundations for the structure-based design of new generations of TRPC1/4/5 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wright
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katie J Simmons
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rachel M Johnson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beech
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Robin S Bon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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8
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Chen X, Sooch G, Demaree IS, White FA, Obukhov AG. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) Channels: Then and Now. Cells 2020; 9:E1983. [PMID: 32872338 PMCID: PMC7565274 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, the first mammalian Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) channel was cloned, opening the vast horizon of the TRPC field. Today, we know that there are seven TRPC channels (TRPC1-7). TRPCs exhibit the highest protein sequence similarity to the Drosophila melanogaster TRP channels. Similar to Drosophila TRPs, TRPCs are localized to the plasma membrane and are activated in a G-protein-coupled receptor-phospholipase C-dependent manner. TRPCs may also be stimulated in a store-operated manner, via receptor tyrosine kinases, or by lysophospholipids, hypoosmotic solutions, and mechanical stimuli. Activated TRPCs allow the influx of Ca2+ and monovalent alkali cations into the cytosol of cells, leading to cell depolarization and rising intracellular Ca2+ concentration. TRPCs are involved in the continually growing number of cell functions. Furthermore, mutations in the TRPC6 gene are associated with hereditary diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The most important recent breakthrough in TRPC research was the solving of cryo-EM structures of TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, and TRPC6. These structural data shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying TRPCs' functional properties and propelled the development of new modulators of the channels. This review provides a historical overview of the major advances in the TRPC field focusing on the role of gene knockouts and pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Gagandeep Sooch
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.S.); (I.S.D.)
| | - Isaac S. Demaree
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.S.); (I.S.D.)
| | - Fletcher A. White
- The Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G. Obukhov
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.S.); (I.S.D.)
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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9
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Lysophosphatidylcholine triggers cell differentiation in the protozoan parasite Herpetomonas samuelpessoai through the CK2 pathway. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:108-117. [PMID: 31755068 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protozoa are distantly related to vertebrates but present some features of higher eukaryotes, making them good model systems for studying the evolution of basic processes such as the cell cycle. Herpetomonas samuelpessoai is a trypanosomatid parasite isolated from the hemipteran insect Zelus leucogrammus. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is implicated in the transmission and establishment of Chagas disease, whose etiological agent is Trypanosoma cruzi. LPC is synthesized by T. cruzi and its vectors, the hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid with potent and diverse physiological and pathophysiological actions, is a powerful inducer of cell differentiation in Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum and T. cruzi. The enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 2-ester bond of 3-sn-phosphoglyceride, transforming phosphatidylcholine (PC) into LPC. METHODS In this study, we evaluated cellular differentiation, PLA2 activity and protein kinase CK2 activity of H. samuelpessoai in the absence and in the presence of LPC and PAF. RESULTS We demonstrate that both PC and LPC promoted a twofold increase in the cellular differentiation of H. samuelpessoai, through CK2, with a concomitant inhibition of its cell growth. Intrinsic PLA2 most likely directs this process by converting PC into LPC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the actions of LPC on H. samuelpessoai occur upon binding to a putative PAF receptor and that the protein kinase CK2 plays a major role in this process. Cartoon depicting a model for the synthesis and functions of LPC in Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, based upon our results regarding the role of LPC on the cell biology of Trypanosoma cruzi [28-32]. N nucleus, k kinetoplast, PC phosphatidylcholine, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, PLA2 phospholipase A2, PAFR putative PAF receptor in trypanosomatids [65], CK2 protein kinase CK2 [16].
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10
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Hong C, Choi SH, Kwak M, Jeong B, Ko J, Park HJ, Choi S, Jun JY, So I. TRPC5 channel instability induced by depalmitoylation protects striatal neurons against oxidative stress in Huntington's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118620. [PMID: 31812495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation, the covalent lipid modification of the side chain of Cys residues with the 16‑carbon fatty acid palmitate, is the most common acylation, and it enhances the membrane stability of ion channels. This post-translational modification (PTM) determines a functional mechanism of ion channel life cycle from maturation and membrane trafficking to localization. Especially, neurodevelopment is regulated by balancing the level of synaptic protein palmitoylation/depalmitoylation. Recently, we revealed the pathological role of the transient receptor potential canonical type 5 (TRPC5) channel in striatal neuronal loss during Huntington's disease (HD), which is abnormally activated by oxidative stress. Here, we report a mechanism of TRPC5 palmitoylation at a conserved cysteine residue, that is critical for intrinsic channel activity. Furthermore, we identified the therapeutic effect of TRPC5 depalmitoylation by enhancing the TRPC5 membrane instability on HD striatal cells in order to lower TRPC5 toxicity. Collectively, these findings suggest that controlling S-palmitoylation of the TRPC5 channel as a potential risk factor can modulate TRPC5 channel expression and activity, providing new insights into a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea.
| | - Seo Hwa Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Misun Kwak
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Byeongseok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Park
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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11
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Conrard L, Tyteca D. Regulation of Membrane Calcium Transport Proteins by the Surrounding Lipid Environment. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E513. [PMID: 31547139 PMCID: PMC6843150 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are major messengers in cell signaling, impacting nearly every aspect of cellular life. Those signals are generated within a wide spatial and temporal range through a large variety of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers. More and more evidences suggest that Ca2+ exchanges are regulated by their surrounding lipid environment. In this review, we point out the technical challenges that are currently being overcome and those that still need to be defeated to analyze the Ca2+ transport protein-lipid interactions. We then provide evidences for the modulation of Ca2+ transport proteins by lipids, including cholesterol, acidic phospholipids, sphingolipids, and their metabolites. We also integrate documented mechanisms involved in the regulation of Ca2+ transport proteins by the lipid environment. Those include: (i) Direct interaction inside the protein with non-annular lipids; (ii) close interaction with the first shell of annular lipids; (iii) regulation of membrane biophysical properties (e.g., membrane lipid packing, thickness, and curvature) directly around the protein through annular lipids; and (iv) gathering and downstream signaling of several proteins inside lipid domains. We finally discuss recent reports supporting the related alteration of Ca2+ and lipids in different pathophysiological events and the possibility to target lipids in Ca2+-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Conrard
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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12
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Tolstykh GP, Cantu JC, Tarango M, Ibey BL. Receptor- and store-operated mechanisms of calcium entry during the nanosecond electric pulse-induced cellular response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1861:685-696. [PMID: 30552899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond electric pulses have been shown to open nanopores in the cell plasma membrane by fluorescent imaging of calcium uptake and fluorescent dyes, including propidium (Pr) iodide and YO-PRO-1 (YP1). Recently, we demonstrated that nsEPs also induce the phosphoinositide intracellular signaling cascade by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) depletion resulting in physiological responses similar to those observed following stimulation of Gq11-coupled receptors. In this paper, we explore the role of receptor- and store-operated calcium entry (ROCE/SOCE) mechanisms in the observed response of cells to nsEP. We show that addition of the ROCE/SOCE and transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) blocker gadolinium (Gd3+, 300 μM) slows PIP2 depletion following 1 and 20 nsEP exposures. Lipid rafts, regions of the plasma membrane rich in PIP2 and TRPC, are also disrupted by nsEP exposure suggesting that ROCE/SOCE mechanisms are likely impacted. Reducing the expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) protein, a key protein in ROCE and SOCE, in cells exposure to nsEP resulted in a reduction in induced intracellular calcium rise. Additionally, after exposure to 1 and 20 nsEPs (16.2 kV/cm, 5 Hz), intracellular calcium rises were significantly reduced by the addition of GD3+ and SKF-96365 (1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propoxy] ethyl-1H-imidazole hydrochloride, 100 μM), a blocker of STIM1 interaction. However, using similar nsEP exposure parameters, SKF-96365 was less effective at reducing YP1 uptake compared to Gd3+. Thus, it is possible that SKF-96365 could block STIM1 interactions within the cell, while Gd3+ could acts on TRPC/nanopores from outside of the cell. Our results present evidence of nsEP induces ROCE and SOCE mechanisms and demonstrate that YP1 and Ca2+ cannot be used solely as markers of nsEP-induced nanoporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb P Tolstykh
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Jody C Cantu
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Melissa Tarango
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Bennett L Ibey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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13
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Chaudhuri P, Rosenbaum MA, Birnbaumer L, Graham LM. Integration of TRPC6 and NADPH oxidase activation in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced TRPC5 externalization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C541-C555. [PMID: 28835433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00028.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation products, including lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), activate canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels, and the subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2+ leads to TRPC5 activation. The goal of this study is to elucidate the steps in the pathway between TRPC6 activation and TRPC5 externalization. Following TRPC6 activation by lysoPC, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) is phosphorylated. This leads to phosphorylation of p47phox and subsequent NADPH oxidase activation with increased production of reactive oxygen species. ERK activation requires TRPC6 opening and influx of Ca2+ as evidenced by the failure of lysoPC to induce ERK phosphorylation in TRPC6-/- endothelial cells. ERK siRNA blocks the lysoPC-induced activation of NADPH oxidase, demonstrating that ERK activation is upstream of NADPH oxidase. The reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase promote myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activation with phosphorylation of MLC and TRPC5 externalization. Downregulation of ERK, NADPH oxidase, or MLCK with the relevant siRNA prevents TRPC5 externalization. Blocking MLCK activation prevents the prolonged rise in intracellular calcium levels and preserves endothelial migration in the presence of lysoPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Chaudhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael A Rosenbaum
- Surgical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Linda M Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; .,Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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14
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Transient receptor potential canonical 5 channels plays an essential role in hepatic dyslipidemia associated with cholestasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2338. [PMID: 28539583 PMCID: PMC5443755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5), a calcium-permeable, non-selective cation channel is expressed in the periphery, but there is limited knowledge of its regulatory roles in vivo. Endogenous modulators of TRPC5 include a range of phospholipids that have an established role in liver disease, including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Cholestasis is characterized by impairment of excretion of bile acids, leading to elevation of hepatic bile acids. We investigated the contribution of TRPC5 in a murine model of cholestasis. Wild-type (WT) and TRPC5 knock-out (KO) mice were fed a diet supplemented with 0.5% cholic acid (CA) for 21 days. CA-diet supplementation resulted in enlargement of the liver in WT mice, which was ameliorated in TRPC5 KO mice. Hepatic bile acid and lipid content was elevated in WT mice, with a reduction observed in TRPC5 KO mice. Consistently, liver enzymes were significantly increased in cholestatic WT mice and significantly blunted in TRPC5 KO mice. Localized dyslipidaemia, secondary to cholestasis, was investigated utilizing a selected lipid analysis. This revealed significant perturbations in the lipid profile following CA-diet feeding, with increased cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids, in WT, but not TRPC5 KO mice. Our results suggest that activation of TRPC5 contributes to the development of cholestasis and associated dyslipidemia. Modulation of TRPC5 activity may present as a novel therapeutic target for liver disease.
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15
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Svobodova B, Groschner K. Reprint of "Mechanisms of lipid regulation and lipid gating in TRPC channels". Cell Calcium 2016; 60:133-41. [PMID: 27431463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
TRPC proteins form cation channels that integrate and relay cellular signals by mechanisms involving lipid recognition and lipid-dependent gating. The lipohilic/amphiphilic molecules that function as cellular activators or modulators of TRPC proteins span a wide range of chemical structures. In this context, cellular redox balance is likely linked to the lipid recognition/gating features of TRPC channels. Both classical ligand-protein interactions as well as indirect and promiscuous sensory mechanisms have been proposed. Some of the recognition processes are suggested to involve ancillary lipid-binding scaffolds or regulators as well as dynamic protein-protein interactions determined by bilayer architecture. A complex interplay of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions is likely to govern the gating and/or plasma membrane recruitment of TRPC channels, thereby providing a distinguished platform for signal integration and coincident signal detection. Both the primary molecular event(s) of lipid recognition by TRPC channels as well as the transformation of these events into distinct gating movements is poorly understood at the molecular level, and it remains elusive whether lipid sensing in TRPCs is conferred to a distinct sensor domain. Recent structural information on the molecular action of lipophilic activators in distantly related members of the TRP superfamily encourages speculations on TRPC gating mechanisms involved in lipid recognition/gating. This review aims to provide an update on the current understanding of the lipid-dependent control of TRPC channels with focus on the TRPC lipid sensing, signal-integration hub and a short discussion of potential links to redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Svobodova
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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16
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Gaunt HJ, Vasudev NS, Beech DJ. Transient receptor potential canonical 4 and 5 proteins as targets in cancer therapeutics. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:611-620. [PMID: 27289383 PMCID: PMC5045487 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Novel approaches towards cancer therapy are urgently needed. One approach might be to target ion channels mediating Ca2+ entry because of the critical roles played by Ca2+ in many cell types, including cancer cells. There are several types of these ion channels, but here we address those formed by assembly of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins, particularly those which involve two closely related members of the family: TRPC4 and TRPC5. We focus on these proteins because recent studies point to roles in important aspects of cancer: drug resistance, transmission of drug resistance through extracellular vesicles, tumour vascularisation, and evoked cancer cell death by the TRPC4/5 channel activator (−)-englerin A. We conclude that further research is both justified and necessary before these proteins can be considered as strong targets for anti-cancer cell drug discovery programmes. It is nevertheless already apparent that inhibitors of the channels would be unlikely to cause significant adverse effects, but, rather, have other effects which may be beneficial in the context of cancer and chemotherapy, potentially including suppression of innate fear, visceral pain and pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LIGHT Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LIGHT Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LIGHT Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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17
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Mechanisms of lipid regulation and lipid gating in TRPC channels. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:271-9. [PMID: 27125985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TRPC proteins form cation channels that integrate and relay cellular signals by mechanisms involving lipid recognition and lipid-dependent gating. The lipohilic/amphiphilic molecules that function as cellular activators or modulators of TRPC proteins span a wide range of chemical structures. In this context, cellular redox balance is likely linked to the lipid recognition/gating features of TRPC channels. Both classical ligand-protein interactions as well as indirect and promiscuous sensory mechanisms have been proposed. Some of the recognition processes are suggested to involve ancillary lipid-binding scaffolds or regulators as well as dynamic protein-protein interactions determined by bilayer architecture. A complex interplay of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions is likely to govern the gating and/or plasma membrane recruitment of TRPC channels, thereby providing a distinguished platform for signal integration and coincident signal detection. Both the primary molecular event(s) of lipid recognition by TRPC channels as well as the transformation of these events into distinct gating movements is poorly understood at the molecular level, and it remains elusive whether lipid sensing in TRPCs is conferred to a distinct sensor domain. Recent structural information on the molecular action of lipophilic activators in distantly related members of the TRP superfamily encourages speculations on TRPC gating mechanisms involved in lipid recognition/gating. This review aims to provide an update on the current understanding of the lipid-dependent control of TRPC channels with focus on the TRPC lipid sensing, signal-integration hub and a short discussion of potential links to redox signaling.
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18
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Zhou Y, Greka A. Calcium-permeable ion channels in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1157-67. [PMID: 27029425 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00117.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) are crucial for a variety of cellular functions. The extracellular and intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations are thus tightly regulated to maintain Ca(2+) homeostasis. The kidney, one of the major organs of the excretory system, regulates Ca(2+) homeostasis by filtration and reabsorption. Approximately 60% of the Ca(2+) in plasma is filtered, and 99% of that is reabsorbed by the kidney tubules. Ca(2+) is also a critical signaling molecule in kidney development, in all kidney cellular functions, and in the emergence of kidney diseases. Recently, studies using genetic and molecular biological approaches have identified several Ca(2+)-permeable ion channel families as important regulators of Ca(2+) homeostasis in kidney. These ion channel families include transient receptor potential channels (TRP), voltage-gated calcium channels, and others. In this review, we provide a brief and systematic summary of the expression, function, and pathological contribution for each of these Ca(2+)-permeable ion channels. Moreover, we discuss their potential as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Glom-NExT Center for Glomerular Kidney Disease and Novel Experimental Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine and Glom-NExT Center for Glomerular Kidney Disease and Novel Experimental Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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19
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Naylor J, Minard A, Gaunt HJ, Amer MS, Wilson LA, Migliore M, Cheung SY, Rubaiy HN, Blythe NM, Musialowski KE, Ludlow MJ, Evans WD, Green BL, Yang H, You Y, Li J, Fishwick CWG, Muraki K, Beech DJ, Bon RS. Natural and synthetic flavonoid modulation of TRPC5 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:562-74. [PMID: 26565375 PMCID: PMC4728423 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The TRPC5 proteins assemble to create calcium‐permeable, non‐selective, cationic channels. We sought novel modulators of these channels through studies of natural products. Experimental Approach Intracellular calcium measurements and patch clamp recordings were made from cell lines. Compounds were generated by synthetic chemistry. Key Results Through a screen of natural products used in traditional Chinese medicines, the flavonol galangin was identified as an inhibitor of lanthanide‐evoked calcium entry in TRPC5 overexpressing HEK 293 cells (IC50 0.45 μM). Galangin also inhibited lanthanide‐evoked TRPC5‐mediated current in whole‐cell and outside‐out patch recordings. In differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells, it inhibited constitutive and lanthanide‐evoked calcium entry through endogenous TRPC5‐containing channels. The related natural flavonols, kaempferol and quercetin were less potent inhibitors of TRPC5. Myricetin and luteolin lacked effect, and apigenin was a stimulator. Based on structure–activity relationship studies with natural and synthetic flavonols, we designed 3,5,7‐trihydroxy‐2‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (AM12), which inhibited lanthanide‐evoked TRPC5 activity with an IC50 of 0.28 μM. AM12 also inhibited TRPC5 activity evoked by the agonist (−)‐Englerin A and was effective in excised outside‐out membrane patches, suggesting a relatively direct effect. It inhibited TRPC4 channels similarly, but its inhibitory effect on TRPC1–TRPC5 heteromeric channels was weaker. Conclusions and Implications The data suggest that galangin (a natural product from the ginger family) is a TRPC5 inhibitor and that other natural and synthetic flavonoids contain antagonist or agonist capabilities at TRPC5 and closely related channels depending on the substitution patterns of both the chromone core and the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisling Minard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mohamed S Amer
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Clinical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | | | - Marco Migliore
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sin Y Cheung
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - William D Evans
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ben L Green
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun You
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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20
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Calcium Entry Through Thermosensory Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:265-304. [PMID: 27161233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ThermoTRPs are unique channels that mediate Na(+) and Ca(2+) currents in response to changes in ambient temperature. In combination with their activation by other physical and chemical stimuli, they are considered key integrators of environmental cues into neuronal excitability. Furthermore, roles of thermoTRPs in non-neuronal tissues are currently emerging such as insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, and links to cancer. Calcium permeability through thermoTRPs appears a central hallmark for their physiological and pathological activities. Moreover, it is currently being proposed that beyond working as a second messenger, Ca(2+) can function locally by acting on protein complexes near the membrane. Interestingly, thermoTRPs can enhance and expand the inherent plasticity of signalplexes by conferring them temperature, pH and lipid regulation through Ca(2+) signalling. Thus, unveiling the local role of Ca(2+) fluxes induced by thermoTRPs on the dynamics of membrane-attached signalling complexes as well as their significance in cellular processes, are central issues that will expand the opportunities for therapeutic intervention in disorders involving dysfunction of thermoTRP channels.
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21
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Transient receptor potential channel C5 in cancer chemoresistance. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:19-24. [PMID: 26657058 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily contains at least 28 homologs in mammalian. These proteins form TRP channels are permeable to monovalent and divalent cations and participate in a variety of physiological functions. Dysregulation of TRP channels is responsible for numerous diseases. This review provides a brief short overview of mammalian TRP channels with a focus on TRPC5 and its role in cancers. Dysregulation of TRPC5 interrupts Ca(2+) homeostasis in cancer cells, which activates signaling pathways that are highly associated with cancer progression, especially cancer chemoresistance. Based on the important role of TRPC5, we also discuss the potential of TRPC5 as a target for therapeutic intervention. Either direct targeting of TRPC5 or indirect interruption of TRPC5-related signaling pathways may effectively overcome cancer chemoresistance.
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22
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Shen B, Wong CO, Lau OC, Woo T, Bai S, Huang Y, Yao X. Plasma membrane mechanical stress activates TRPC5 channels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122227. [PMID: 25849346 PMCID: PMC4388645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces exerted on cells impose stress on the plasma membrane. Cells sense this stress and elicit a mechanoelectric transduction cascade that initiates compensatory mechanisms. Mechanosensitive ion channels in the plasma membrane are responsible for transducing the mechanical signals to electrical signals. However, the mechanisms underlying channel activation in response to mechanical stress remain incompletely understood. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels serve essential functions in several sensory modalities. These channels can also participate in mechanotransduction by either being autonomously sensitive to mechanical perturbation or by coupling to other mechanosensory components of the cell. Here, we investigated the response of a TRP family member, TRPC5, to mechanical stress. Hypoosmolarity triggers Ca2+ influx and cationic conductance through TRPC5. Importantly, for the first time we were able to record the stretch-activated TRPC5 current at single-channel level. The activation threshold for TRPC5 was found to be 240 mOsm for hypoosmotic stress and between −20 and −40 mmHg for pressure applied to membrane patch. In addition, we found that disruption of actin filaments suppresses TRPC5 response to hypoosmotic stress and patch pipette pressure, but does not prevent the activation of TRPC5 by stretch-independent mechanisms, indicating that actin cytoskeleton is an essential transduction component that confers mechanosensitivity to TRPC5. In summary, our findings establish that TRPC5 can be activated at the single-channel level when mechanical stress on the cell reaches a certain threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ching-On Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (CW)
| | - On-Chai Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Theodosia Woo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suwen Bai
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (CW)
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23
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Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channel agonists and their role in mechanical, thermal and nociceptive sensations as assessed using animal models. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2015; 8:96-108. [PMID: 26388966 DOI: 10.1007/s12078-015-9176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present paper summarizes research using animal models to investigate the roles of thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in somatosensory functions including touch, temperature and pain. We present new data assessing the effects of eugenol and carvacrol, agonists of the warmth-sensitive TRPV3, on thermal, mechanical and pain sensitivity in rats. METHODS Thermal sensitivity was assessed using a thermal preference test, which measured the amount of time the animal occupied one of two adjacent thermoelectric plates set at different temperatures. Pain sensitivity was assessed as an increase in latency of hindpaw withdrawal away from a noxious thermal stimulus directed to the plantar hindpaw (Hargreaves test). Mechanical sensitivity was assessed by measuring the force exerted by an electronic von Frey filament pressed against the plantar surface that elicited withdrawal. RESULTS Topical application of eugenol and carvacrol did not significantly affect thermal preference, although there was a trend toward avoidance of the hotter surface in a 30 vs. 45°C preference test for rats treated with 1 or 10% eugenol and carvacrol. Both eugenol and carvacrol induced a concentration-dependent increase in thermal withdrawal latency (analgesia), with no significant effect on mechanosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The analgesic effect of eugenol and carvacrol is consistent with previous studies. The tendency for these chemicals to increase the avoidance of warmer temperatures suggests a possible role for TRPV3 in warmth detection, also consistent with previous studies. Additional roles of other thermosensitive TRP channels (TRPM8 TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM3, TRPM8, TRPA1, TRPC5) in touch, temperature and pain are reviewed.
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Leng TD, Li MH, Shen JF, Liu ML, Li XB, Sun HW, Branigan D, Zeng Z, Si HF, Li J, Chen J, Xiong ZG. Suppression of TRPM7 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of malignant human glioma cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 21:252-61. [PMID: 25438992 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. Despite intensive study on tumor biology, the underlying mechanisms of the unlimited proliferation and progressive local invasion are still poorly understood, and no effective treatment has been developed for GBM patients. AIMS We determine the role of TRPM7 channels in the growth, migration, and infiltration of malignant glioma cells. METHODS Using a combination of RT-PCR, Western blot, and patch-clamp techniques, we demonstrated the expression of functional TRPM7 channels of A172 cells, a human glioma cell line, as well as in human glioma tissues. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of TRPM7 in growth, migration, and infiltration of A172 cells with MTT and transwell migration and invasion assays. RESULTS We showed the expression of functional TRPM7 channels in both A172 cells and human glioma tissues. Suppression of TRPM7 expression with TRPM7-siRNA dramatically reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A172 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPM7 channel with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) showed a similar effect as TRPM7-siRNA. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that human glioma cells express functional TRPM7 channel and that activation of this channel plays an important role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of malignant glioma cells. TRPM7 channel may represent a novel and promising target for therapeutic intervention of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Dong Leng
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Richter JM, Schaefer M, Hill K. Riluzole activates TRPC5 channels independently of PLC activity. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:158-70. [PMID: 24117252 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transient receptor potential channel C5 (TRPC5) is a Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel, which is predominantly expressed in the brain. TRPC5 is activated in a PLC-dependent manner by, as yet, unidentified endogenous messengers. Recently, modulators of TRPC5, like Ca(2+), pH and phospholipids, have been identified. However, the role of TRPC5 in vivo is only poorly understood. Novel specific modulators of TRPC5 might help to elucidate its function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Novel modulators of TRPC5 were identified in a compound screening of approved drugs and natural compounds. The potency and selectivity of TRPC5-activating compounds were determined by fluorometric calcium imaging. The biophysical properties of channel activation by these compounds were analysed using electrophysiological measurements. KEY RESULTS Riluzole was identified as a novel activator of TRPC5 (EC₅₀ 9.2 ± 0.5 μM) and its mechanism of action was shown to be independent of G protein signalling and PLC activity. Riluzole-induced TRPC5 currents were potentiated by La(3+) and, utilizing TRPC5 mutants that lack La(3+) binding sites, it was confirmed that riluzole and La(3+) activate TRPC5 by different mechanisms. Recordings of excised inside-out patches revealed a relatively direct effect of riluzole on TRPC5. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Riluzole can activate TRPC5 heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells as well as those endogenously expressed in the U-87 glioblastoma cell line. Riluzole does not activate any other member of the TRPC family and could, therefore, despite its action on other ion channels, be a useful pharmacological tool for identifying TRPC5-specific currents in immortalized cell lines or in acutely isolated primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Richter
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Rosenbaum MA, Chaudhuri P, Graham LM. Hypercholesterolemia inhibits re-endothelialization of arterial injuries by TRPC channel activation. J Vasc Surg 2014; 62:1040-1047.e2. [PMID: 24820897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After arterial injury, endothelial cell (EC) migration is essential for healing, but lipid oxidation products activate TRPC6 and TRPC5 ion channels, leading to increased intracellular calcium and inhibition of EC migration in vitro. The objective of this study was to further evaluate the role of TRPC channels in EC migration in vitro and to validate in vitro findings in an in vivo model. METHODS Mouse aortic ECs were cultured, and the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine, the major lysophospholipid in oxidized low-density lipoprotein, on migration was assessed in a razor-scrape assay. EC healing after a carotid injury with electrocautery was evaluated in wild-type (WT), TRPC6(-/-), and TRPC5(-/-) mice receiving either a chow or high-cholesterol (HC) diet. RESULTS Lysophosphatidylcholine inhibited EC migration of WT ECs to 22% of baseline and of TRPC5(-/-) ECs to 53% of baseline but had minimal effect on TRPC6(-/-) EC migration. Hypercholesterolemia severely impaired EC healing in vivo, with 51.4% ± 1.8% and 24.9% ± 2.0% of the injury resurfaced with ECs at 5 days in chow-fed and HC-fed WT mice, respectively (P < .001). Hypercholesterolemia did not impair healing in TRPC6(-/-) mice, with coverage of 48.4% ± 3.4% and 46.8% ± 1.6% in chow-fed and HC-fed TRPC6(-/-) mice, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia had a reduced inhibitory effect in TRPC5(-/-) mice, with EC coverage of 51.7% ± 3.0% and 37.% ± 1.4% in chow-fed and HC-fed TRPC5(-/-) mice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that activation of TRPC6 and TRPC5 channels is the key contributor to impaired endothelial healing of arterial injuries in hypercholesterolemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Rosenbaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pinaki Chaudhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Linda M Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Kaneko Y, Szallasi A. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels: a clinical perspective. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2474-507. [PMID: 24102319 PMCID: PMC4008995 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are important mediators of sensory signals with marked effects on cellular functions and signalling pathways. Indeed, mutations in genes encoding TRP channels are the cause of several inherited diseases in humans (the so-called 'TRP channelopathies') that affect the cardiovascular, renal, skeletal and nervous systems. TRP channels are also promising targets for drug discovery. The initial focus of research was on TRP channels that are expressed on nociceptive neurons. Indeed, a number of potent, small-molecule TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPA1 antagonists have already entered clinical trials as novel analgesic agents. There has been a recent upsurge in the amount of work that expands TRP channel drug discovery efforts into new disease areas such as asthma, cancer, anxiety, cardiac hypertrophy, as well as obesity and metabolic disorders. A better understanding of TRP channel functions in health and disease should lead to the discovery of first-in-class drugs for these intractable diseases. With this review, we hope to capture the current state of this rapidly expanding and changing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kaneko
- Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. LtdOsaka, Japan
| | - Arpad Szallasi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Monmouth Medical CenterLong Branch, NJ, USA
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28
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Fallah A, Pierre R, Abed E, Moreau R. Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced cytotoxicity in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells: involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels. Mol Membr Biol 2014; 30:315-26. [PMID: 23964684 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2013.828855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that patients suffering from atherosclerosis are predisposed to develop osteoporosis. Accordingly, atherogenic determinants such as oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) particles have been shown to alter bone cell functions. In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), a major phospholipid component generated upon LDL oxidation, on bone-forming MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Cell viability was reduced by lysoPC in a concentration-dependent manner with a LC50 of 18.7±0.7 μM. LysoPC-induced cell death was attributed to induction of both apoptosis and necrosis. Since impairment of intracellular calcium homeostasis is often involved in mechanism of cell death, we determined the involvement of calcium in lysoPC-induced cytotoxicity. LysoPC promoted a rapid and transient increase in intracellular calcium attributed to mobilization from calcium stores, followed by a sustained influx. Intracellular calcium mobilization was associated to phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent mobilization of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum since inhibition of PLC or calcium depletion of reticulum endoplasmic with thapsigargin prevented the calcium mobilization. The calcium influx induced by lysoPC was abolished by inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels with ruthenium red whereas gadolinium, which inhibits canonical TRP (TRPC) channels, was without effect. Accordingly, expression of TRPV2 and TRPV4 were shown in MG-63 cells. The addition of TRPV2 inhibitor Tranilast in the incubation medium prevent the calcium influx triggered by lysoPC and reduced lysoPC-induced cytotoxicity whereas TRPV4 inhibitor RN 1734 was without effect, which confirms the involvement of TRPV2 activation in lysoPC-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Fallah
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme Osseux, BIOMED, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Human canonical transient receptor potential channel 5 (TRPC5) has been cloned from the Xq23 region on chromosome X as a suspect in nonsyndromic mental retardation. TRPC5 is a Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel predominantly expressed in the CNS, including the hippocampus, cerebellum, amygdala, sensory neurons, and retina. It also shows more restricted expression in the periphery, notably in the kidney and cardiovascular system. Homotetrameric TRPC5 channels are primarily activated by receptors coupled to Gq and phospholipase C and/or Gi proteins, but TRPC5 channels may also gate in a store-dependent manner, which requires other partner proteins such TRPC1, STIM1, and Orai1. There is an impressive array of other activators of TRPC5 channels, such as nitric oxide, lysophospholipids, sphingosine-1-phosphate, reduced thioredoxin, protons, lanthanides, and calcium, and many can cause its direct activation. Moreover, TRPC5 shows constitutive activity, and it is responsive to membrane stretch and cold. Thus, TRPC5 channels have significant potential for synergistic activation and may serve as an important focal point in Ca(2+) signalling and electrogenesis. Moreover, TRPC5 functions in partnership with about 60 proteins, including TRPC1, TRPC4, calmodulin, IP3 receptors, NHERF, NCS-1, junctate, stathmin 2, Ca(2+)-binding protein 1, caveolin, and SESTD1, while its desensitisation is mediated by both protein kinases A and C. TRPC5 has a distinct voltage dependence shared only with its closest relative, TRPC4. Its unique N-shaped activation curve underlined by intracellular Mg(2+) block seems to be perfectly "shaped" to trigger action potential discharge, but not to grossly interfere with the action potential shape. The range of biological functions of TRPC5 channels is also impressive, from neurotransmission to control of axon guidance and vascular smooth muscle cell migration and contractility. Recent studies of Trpc5 gene knockouts begin to uncover its roles in fear, anxiety, seizures, and cold sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zholos
- Department of Biophysics, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology", Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, Kiev, 03022, Ukraine,
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have been detected in neurons that are part of the neural network controlling reproductive physiology and behavior. In this chapter we will primarily take a look at the classical/canonical TRP (TRPC) channels but will also examine some other members of the TRP channel superfamily in reproductive (neuro)endocrinology. The referenced data suggest that different TRP proteins could play functional roles at different levels of the reproductive pathway. Still, our understanding of TRP channel involvement in (neuro)endocrinology is quite limited. Due to their mechanism of activation and complex regulation, these channels are however ideally suited to be part of the transduction machinery of hormone-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Department of Physiology, University of Saarland School of Medicine, 66421, Homburg, Germany,
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31
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G protein-coupled receptor signalling potentiates the osmo-mechanical activation of TRPC5 channels. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:1635-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lord CC, Thomas G, Brown JM. Mammalian alpha beta hydrolase domain (ABHD) proteins: Lipid metabolizing enzymes at the interface of cell signaling and energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:792-802. [PMID: 23328280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism underlies many chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, understanding enzymatic mechanisms controlling lipid synthesis and degradation is imperative for successful drug discovery for these human diseases. Genes encoding α/β hydrolase fold domain (ABHD) proteins are present in virtually all reported genomes, and conserved structural motifs shared by these proteins predict common roles in lipid synthesis and degradation. However, the physiological substrates and products for these lipid metabolizing enzymes and their broader role in metabolic pathways remain largely uncharacterized. Recently, mutations in several members of the ABHD protein family have been implicated in inherited inborn errors of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, studies in cell and animal models have revealed important roles for ABHD proteins in lipid metabolism, lipid signal transduction, and metabolic disease. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary surrounding the current state of knowledge regarding mammalian ABHD protein family members. In particular, we will discuss how ABHD proteins are ideally suited to act at the interface of lipid metabolism and signal transduction. Although, the current state of knowledge regarding mammalian ABHD proteins is still in its infancy, this review highlights the potential for the ABHD enzymes as being attractive targets for novel therapies targeting metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb C Lord
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gwynneth Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Grzelczyk A, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Novel bioactive glycerol-based lysophospholipids: new data -- new insight into their function. Biochimie 2012; 95:667-79. [PMID: 23089136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on the results of research conducted over last two decades, lysophospholipids (LPLs) were observed to be not only structural components of cellular membranes but also biologically active molecules influencing a broad variety of processes such as carcinogenesis, neurogenesis, immunity, vascular development or regulation of metabolic diseases. With a growing interest in the involvement of extracellular lysophospholipids in both normal physiology and pathology, it has become evident that those small molecules may have therapeutic potential. While lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been studied in detail, other LPLs such as lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) or even lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) have not been elucidated to such a high degree. Although information concerning the latter LPLs is sparse as compared to LPA and S1P, within the last couple of years much progress has been made. Recently published data suggest that these compounds may regulate fundamental cellular activities by modulating multiple molecular targets, e.g. by binding to specific receptors and/or altering the structure and fluidity of lipid rafts. Therefore, the present review is devoted to novel bioactive glycerol-based lysophospholipids and recent findings concerning their functions and possible signaling pathways regulating physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grzelczyk
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Kim H, Kim J, Jeon JP, Myeong J, Wie J, Hong C, Kim HJ, Jeon JH, So I. The roles of G proteins in the activation of TRPC4 and TRPC5 transient receptor potential channels. Channels (Austin) 2012; 6:333-43. [PMID: 22878724 PMCID: PMC3508772 DOI: 10.4161/chan.21198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels are important regulators of electrical excitability in both gastrointestinal myocytes and neurons. Much is known regarding the assembly and function of these channels including TRPC1 as a homotetramer or a heteromultimer and the roles that their interacting proteins play in controlling these events. Further, they are one of the best-studied targets of G protein-coupled receptors and growth factors in general and Gαq protein coupled receptor or epidermal growth factor in particular. However, our understanding of the roles of Gαi/o proteins on TRPC4/5 channels is still rudimentary. We discuss potential roles for Gαi/o proteins in channel activation in addition to their known role in cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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35
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Chan JP, Hu Z, Sieburth D. Recruitment of sphingosine kinase to presynaptic terminals by a conserved muscarinic signaling pathway promotes neurotransmitter release. Genes Dev 2012; 26:1070-85. [PMID: 22588719 DOI: 10.1101/gad.188003.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are potent lipid second messengers that regulate cell differentiation, migration, survival, and secretion, and alterations in sphingolipid signaling have been implicated in a variety of diseases. However, how sphingolipid levels are regulated, particularly in the nervous system, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase (SphK) promotes neurotransmitter release. Electrophysiological, imaging, and behavioral analyses of Caenorhabditis elegans mutants lacking sphingosine kinase sphk-1 indicate that neuronal development is normal, but there is a significant defect in neurotransmitter release from neuromuscular junctions. SPHK-1 localizes to discrete, nonvesicular regions within presynaptic terminals, and this localization is critical for synaptic function. Muscarinic agonists cause a rapid increase in presynaptic SPHK-1 abundance, whereas reduction of endogenous acetylcholine production results in a rapid decrease in presynaptic SPHK-1 abundance. Muscarinic regulation of presynaptic SPHK-1 abundance is mediated by a conserved presynaptic signaling pathway composed of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor GAR-3, the heterotrimeric G protein Gαq, and its effector, Trio RhoGEF. SPHK-1 activity is required for the effects of muscarinic signaling on synaptic transmission. This study shows that SPHK-1 promotes neurotransmitter release in vivo and identifies a novel muscarinic pathway that regulates SphK abundance at presynaptic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Chan
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Sukumar P, Sedo A, Li J, Wilson LA, O'Regan D, Lippiat JD, Porter KE, Kearney MT, Ainscough JFX, Beech DJ. Constitutively active TRPC channels of adipocytes confer a mechanism for sensing dietary fatty acids and regulating adiponectin. Circ Res 2012; 111:191-200. [PMID: 22668831 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.270751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Calcium entry is pivotal in the heart and blood vessels, but its significance and mechanisms in adipose tissue are largely unknown. An important factor produced by adipocytes is adiponectin, which confers myocardial protection, insulin-sensitization, and antiatherosclerotic effects. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relevance of calcium channels to adipocytes and the production of adiponectin. METHODS AND RESULTS Microarray analysis led to identification of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)1 and TRPC5 as channel subunits that are induced when adipocytes mature. Both subunits were found in perivascular fat of patients with atherosclerosis. Intracellular calcium and patch-clamp measurements showed that adipocytes exhibit constitutively active calcium-permeable nonselective cationic channels that depend on TRPC1 and TRPC5. The activity could be enhanced by lanthanum or rosiglitazone, known stimulators of TRPC5 and TRPC5-containing channels. Screening identified lipid modulators of the channels that are relevant to adipose biology. Dietary ω-3 fatty acids (eg, α-linolenic acid) were inhibitory at concentrations that are achieved by ingestion. The adipocyte TRPC1/TRPC5-containing channel was functionally negative for the generation of adiponectin because channel blockade by antibodies, knock-down of TRPC1-TRPC5 in vitro, or conditional disruption of calcium permeability in TRPC5-incorporating channels in vivo increased the generation of adiponectin. The previously recognized capability of α-linolenic acid to stimulate the generation of adiponectin was lost when calcium permeability in the channels was disrupted. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that TRPC1 and TRPC5 contribute a constitutively active heteromultimeric channel of adipocytes that negatively regulates adiponectin and through which ω-3 fatty acids enhance the anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piruthivi Sukumar
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, UK
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37
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Jeon JP, Hong C, Park EJ, Jeon JH, Cho NH, Kim IG, Choe H, Muallem S, Kim HJ, So I. Selective Gαi subunits as novel direct activators of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)4 and TRPC5 channels. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17029-17039. [PMID: 22457348 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.326553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels function as non-selective, Ca(2+)-permeable channels and mediate numerous cellular functions. It is commonly assumed that TRPC channels are activated by stimulation of Gα(q)-PLC-coupled receptors. However, whether the Gα(q)-PLC pathway is the main regulator of TRPC4/5 channels and how other Gα proteins may regulate these channels are poorly understood. We previously reported that TRPC4/TRPC5 can be activated by Gα(i). In the current work, we found that Gα(i) subunits, rather than Gα(q), are the primary and direct activators of TRPC4 and TRPC5. We report a novel molecular mechanism in which TRPC4 is activated by several Gα(i) subunits, most prominently by Gα(i2), and TRPC5 is activated primarily by Gα(i3). Activation of Gα(i) by the muscarinic M2 receptors or expression of the constitutively active Gα(i) mutants equally and fully activates the channels. Moreover, both TRPC4 and TRPC5 are activated by direct interaction of their conserved C-terminal SESTD (SEC14-like and spectrin-type domains) with the Gα(i) subunits. Two amino acids (lysine 715 and arginine 716) of the TRPC4 C terminus were identified by structural modeling as mediating the interaction with Gα(i2). These findings indicate an essential role of Gα(i) proteins as novel activators for TRPC4/5 and reveal the molecular mechanism by which G-proteins activate the channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Pyo Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 136-748, Korea
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are the canonical (C) subset of the TRP proteins, which are widely expressed in mammalian cells. They are thought to be primarily involved in determining calcium and sodium entry and have wide-ranging functions that include regulation of cell proliferation, motility and contraction. The channels are modulated by a multiplicity of factors, putatively existing as integrators in the plasma membrane. This review considers the sensitivities of TRPC channels to lipids that include diacylglycerols, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, lysophospholipids, oxidized phospholipids, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, sphingosine-1-phosphate, cholesterol and some steroidal derivatives and other lipid factors such as gangliosides. Promiscuous and selective lipid sensing have been detected. There appear to be close working relationships with lipids of the phospholipase C and A2 enzyme systems, which may enable integration with receptor signalling and membrane stretch. There are differences in the properties of each TRPC channel that are further complicated by TRPC heteromultimerization. The lipids modulate activity of the channels or insertion in the plasma membrane. Lipid microenvironments and intermediate sensing proteins have been described that include caveolae, G protein signalling, SEC14-like and spectrin-type domains 1 (SESTD1) and podocin. The data suggest that lipid sensing is an important aspect of TRPC channel biology enabling integration with other signalling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Beech
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Jiang LH, Gamper N, Beech DJ. Properties and therapeutic potential of transient receptor potential channels with putative roles in adversity: focus on TRPC5, TRPM2 and TRPA1. Curr Drug Targets 2011; 12:724-36. [PMID: 21291387 PMCID: PMC3267159 DOI: 10.2174/138945011795378568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mammals contain 28 genes encoding Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins. The proteins assemble into cationic channels, often with calcium permeability. Important roles in physiology and disease have emerged and so there is interest in whether the channels might be suitable therapeutic drug targets. Here we review selected members of three subfamilies of mammalian TRP channel (TRPC5, TRPM2 and TRPA1) that show relevance to sensing of adversity by cells and biological systems. Summarized are the cellular and tissue distributions, general properties, endogenous modulators, protein partners, cellular and tissue functions, therapeutic potential, and pharmacology. TRPC5 is stimulated by receptor agonists and other factors that include lipids and metal ions; it heteromultimerises with other TRPC proteins and is involved in cell movement and anxiety control. TRPM2 is activated by hydrogen peroxide; it is implicated in stress-related inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative conditions. TRPA1 is stimulated by a wide range of irritants including mustard oil and nicotine but also, controversially, noxious cold and mechanical pressure; it is implicated in pain and inflammatory responses, including in the airways. The channels have in common that they show polymodal stimulation, have activities that are enhanced by redox factors, are permeable to calcium, and are facilitated by elevations of intracellular calcium. Developing inhibitors of the channels could lead to new agents for a variety of conditions: for example, suppressing unwanted tissue remodeling, inflammation, pain and anxiety, and addressing problems relating to asthma and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Jiang
- Institute of Membrane & Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Long JZ, Cisar JS, Milliken D, Niessen S, Wang C, Trauger SA, Siuzdak G, Cravatt BF. Metabolomics annotates ABHD3 as a physiologic regulator of medium-chain phospholipids. Nat Chem Biol 2011; 7:763-5. [PMID: 21926997 PMCID: PMC3201731 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
All organisms, including humans, possess a huge number of uncharacterized enzymes. Here, we describe a general cell-based screen for enzyme substrate discovery by untargeted metabolomics and its application to identify α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 3 (ABHD3) as a lipase that selectively cleaves medium-chain and oxidatively-truncated phospholipids. Abhd3−/− mice possess elevated myristoyl (C14)-phospholipids, including the bioactive lipid C14-lysophosphatidylcholine, confirming the physiological relevance of our substrate assignments.
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AL-Shawaf E, Tumova S, Naylor J, Majeed Y, Li J, Beech DJ. GVI phospholipase A2 role in the stimulatory effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate on TRPC5 cationic channels. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:343-50. [PMID: 21742378 PMCID: PMC3195672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 5 (TRPC5) protein forms calcium-permeable cationic channels that are stimulated by G protein-coupled receptor agonists. The signaling pathways of such agonist effects are poorly understood. Here we investigated the potential for involvement of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and arachidonic acid generated by group 6 (GVI) phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, focusing on stimulation of TRPC5 by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) which acts via a pertussis toxin-sensitive (Gi/o protein) pathway without Ca2+-release. Experiments were on HEK 293 cells containing conditional expression of human TRPC5. Channel activity was recorded using an intracellular calcium indicator or whole-cell patch-clamp and PLA2 activity was detected using 3H-arachidonic acid. S1P stimulated PLA2 and TRPC5 activities. Both effects were suppressed by the GVI PLA2 inhibitor bromoenol lactone. Knock-down of GVI PLA2 by RNA interference suppressed channel activity evoked by S1P whereas activity evoked by the direct channel stimulator LPC was unaffected. Arachidonic acid did not stimulate the channels. Prior exposure of channels to LPC but not arachidonic acid suppressed channel activity evoked by S1P but not gadolinium, a putative direct stimulator of the channels. The data suggest roles of LPC and GVI PLA2 in S1P-evoked TRPC5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman AL-Shawaf
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and the Institute of Membrane & Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Majeed Y, Amer MS, Agarwal AK, McKeown L, Porter KE, O'Regan DJ, Naylor J, Fishwick CWG, Muraki K, Beech DJ. Stereo-selective inhibition of transient receptor potential TRPC5 cation channels by neuroactive steroids. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1509-20. [PMID: 21108630 PMCID: PMC3057289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) channels are widely expressed, including in the CNS, where they potentiate fear responses. They also contribute to other non-selective cation channels that are stimulated by G-protein-coupled receptor agonists and lipid and redox factors. Steroids are known to modulate fear and anxiety states, and we therefore investigated whether TRPC5 exhibited sensitivity to steroids. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human TRPC5 channels were conditionally expressed in HEK293 cells and studied using intracellular Ca2+ measurement, whole-cell voltage-clamp and excised patch techniques. For comparison, control experiments were performed with cells lacking TRPC5 channels or expressing another TRP channel, TRPM2. Native TRPC channel activity was recorded from vascular smooth muscle cells. KEY RESULTS Extracellular application of pregnenolone sulphate, pregnanolone sulphate, pregnanolone, progesterone or dihydrotestosterone inhibited TRPC5 activity within 1–2 min. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate or 17β-oestradiol had weak inhibitory effects. Pregnenolone, and allopregnanolone, a progesterone metabolite and stereo-isomer of pregnanolone, all had no effects. Progesterone was the most potent of the steroids, especially against TRPC5 channel activity evoked by sphingosine-1-phosphate. In outside-out patch recordings, bath-applied progesterone and dihydrotestosterone had strong and reversible effects, suggesting relatively direct mechanisms of action. Progesterone inhibited native TRPC5-containing channel activity, evoked by oxidized phospholipid. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that TRPC5 channels are susceptible to relatively direct and rapid stereo-selective steroid modulation, leading to channel inhibition. The study adds to growing appreciation of TRP channels as non-genomic steroid sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Majeed
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Sung TS, Jeon JP, Kim BJ, Hong C, Kim SY, Kim J, Jeon JH, Kim HJ, Suh CK, Kim SJ, So I. Molecular determinants of PKA-dependent inhibition of TRPC5 channel. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C823-32. [PMID: 21734191 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00351.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels are Ca(2+)-permeable, nonselective cation channels that are widely expressed in numerous cell types. Here, we demonstrate a new mechanism of TPRC isofom 5 (TRPC5) regulation, via cAMP signaling via Gα(s). Monovalent cation currents in human embryonic kidney-293 cells transfected with TRPC5 were induced by G protein activation with intracellular perfusion of GTPγS or by muscarinic stimulation. This current could be inhibited by a membrane-permeable analog of cAMP, 8-bromo-cAMP, by isoproterenol, by a constitutively active form of Gα(s) [Gα(s) (Q227L)], and by forskolin. These inhibitory effects were blocked by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, KT-5720 and H-89, as well as by two point mutations at consensus PKA phosphorylation sites on TRPC5 (S794A and S796A). Surface expression of several mutated versions of TRPC5, quantified using surface biotinylation, were not affected by Gα(s) (Q227L), suggesting that trafficking of this channel does not underlie the regulation we report. This mechanism of inhibition was also found to be important for the closely related channel, TRPC4, in particular for TRPC4α, although TRPC4β was also affected. However, this form of regulation was not found to be involved in TRPC6 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 function. In murine intestinal smooth muscle cells, muscarinic stimulation-induced cation currents were mediated by TRPC4 (>80%) and TRPC6. In murine intestinal smooth muscle cells, 8-bromo-cAMP, adrenaline, and isoproterenol decreased nonselective cation currents activated by muscarinic stimulation or GTPγS. Together, these results suggest that TRPC5 is directly phosphorylated by G(s)/cAMP/PKA at positions S794 and S796. This mechanism may be physiologically important in visceral tissues, where muscarinic receptor and β(2)-adrenergic receptor are involved in the relaxation and contraction of smooth muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sik Sung
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Kukkonen JP. A ménage à trois made in heaven: G-protein-coupled receptors, lipids and TRP channels. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:9-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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The GPR55 agonist lysophosphatidylinositol directly activates intermediate-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels. Pflugers Arch 2011; 462:245-55. [PMID: 21603896 PMCID: PMC3132407 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-0977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) was recently shown to act both as an extracellular mediator binding to G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and as an intracellular messenger directly affecting a number of ion channels including large-conductance Ca(2+) and voltage-gated potassium (BK(Ca)) channels. Here, we explored the effect of LPI on intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (IK(Ca)) channels using excised inside-out patches from endothelial cells. The functional expression of IK(Ca) was confirmed by the charybdotoxin- and TRAM-34-sensitive hyperpolarization to histamine and ATP. Moreover, the presence of single IK(Ca) channels with a slope conductance of 39 pS in symmetric K(+) gradient was directly confirmed in inside-out patches. When cytosolically applied in the range of concentrations of 0.3-10 μM, which are well below the herein determined critical micelle concentration of approximately 30 μM, LPI potentiated the IK(Ca) single-channel activity in a concentration-dependent manner, while single-channel current amplitude was not affected. In the whole-cell configuration, LPI in the pipette was found to facilitate membrane hyperpolarization in response to low (0.5 μM) histamine concentrations in a TRAM-34-sensitive manner. These results demonstrate a so far not-described receptor-independent effect of LPI on the IK(Ca) single-channel activity of endothelial cells, thus, highlighting LPI as a potent intracellular messenger capable of modulating electrical responses in the vasculature.
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Majeed Y, Bahnasi Y, Seymour VAL, Wilson LA, Milligan CJ, Agarwal AK, Sukumar P, Naylor J, Beech DJ. Rapid and contrasting effects of rosiglitazone on transient receptor potential TRPM3 and TRPC5 channels. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 79:1023-30. [PMID: 21406603 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.069922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to generate new insight into chemical regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels with relevance to glucose homeostasis and the metabolic syndrome. Human TRP melastatin 2 (TRPM2), TRPM3, and TRP canonical 5 (TRPC5) were conditionally overexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and studied by using calcium-measurement and patch-clamp techniques. Rosiglitazone and other peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists were investigated. TRPM2 was unaffected by rosiglitazone at concentrations up to 10 μM but was inhibited completely at higher concentrations (IC(50), ∼22.5 μM). TRPM3 was more potently inhibited, with effects occurring in a biphasic concentration-dependent manner such that there was approximately 20% inhibition at low concentrations (0.1-1 μM) and full inhibition at higher concentrations (IC(50), 5-10 μM). PPAR-γ antagonism by 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide (GW9662) did not prevent inhibition of TRPM3 by rosiglitazone. TRPC5 was strongly stimulated by rosiglitazone at concentrations of ≥10 μM (EC(50), ∼30 μM). Effects on TRPM3 and TRPC5 occurred rapidly and reversibly. Troglitazone and pioglitazone inhibited TRPM3 (IC(50), 12 μM) but lacked effect on TRPC5, suggesting no relevance of PPAR-γ or the thiazolidinedione moiety to rosiglitazone stimulation of TRPC5. A rosiglitazone-related but nonthiazolidinedione PPAR-γ agonist, N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-O-[2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino)ethyl]-l-tyrosine (GW1929), was a weak stimulator of TRPM3 and TRPC5. The natural PPAR-γ agonist 15-deoxy prostaglandin J(2), had no effect on TRPM3 or TRPC5. The data suggest that rosiglitazone contains chemical moieties that rapidly, strongly, and differentially modulate TRP channels independently of PPAR-γ, potentially contributing to biological consequences of the agent and providing the basis for novel TRP channel pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Majeed
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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TRP channels in the cardiopulmonary vasculature. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 704:781-810. [PMID: 21290327 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are expressed in almost every human tissue, including the heart and the vasculature. They play unique roles not only in physiological functions but, if over-expressed, also in pathophysiological disease states. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the industrialized countries. Therefore, TRP channels are attractive drug targets for more effective pharmacological treatments of these diseases. This review focuses on three major cell types of the cardiovascular system: cardiomyocytes as well as smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells from the systemic and pulmonary circulation. TRP channels initiate multiple signals in all three cell types (e.g. contraction, migration) and are involved in gene transcription leading to cell proliferation or cell death. Identification of their genes has significantly improved our knowledge of multiple signal transduction pathways in these cells. Some TRP channels are important cellular sensors and are mostly permeable to Ca(2+), while most other TRP channels are receptor activated and allow for the entry of Na(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). Physiological functions of TRPA, TRPC, TRPM, TRPP and TRPV channels in the cardiovascular system, dissected by down-regulating channel activity in isolated tissues or by the analysis of gene-deficient mouse models, are reviewed. The involvement of TRPs as homomeric or heteromeric channels in pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular system like heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension as well as edema formation by increased endothelial permeability will be discussed.
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Tanaka T, Ikeda K, Yamamoto Y, Iida H, Kikuchi H, Morita T, Yamasoba T, Nagai R, Nakajima T. Effects of Serum Amyloid A and Lysophosphatidylcholine on Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells. Int Heart J 2011; 52:185-93. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.52.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kenichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Haruko Iida
- Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Toshihiro Morita
- Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Ryozo Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, The University of Tokyo
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Naylor J, Al-Shawaf E, McKeown L, Manna PT, Porter KE, O'Regan D, Muraki K, Beech DJ. TRPC5 channel sensitivities to antioxidants and hydroxylated stilbenes. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:5078-86. [PMID: 21127073 PMCID: PMC3037619 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.196956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) forms cationic channels that are polymodal sensors of factors including oxidized phospholipids, hydrogen peroxide, and reduced thioredoxin. The aim of this study was to expand knowledge of the chemical-sensing capabilities of TRPC5 by investigating dietary antioxidants. Human TRPC5 channels were expressed in HEK 293 cells and studied by patch clamp and intracellular Ca(2+) recording. GFP- and HA-tagged channels were used to quantify plasma membrane localization. Gallic acid and vitamin C suppressed TRPC5 activity if it was evoked by exogenous hydrogen peroxide or lanthanide ions but not by lysophosphatidylcholine or carbachol. Catalase mimicked the effects, suggesting that lanthanide-evoked activity depended on endogenous hydrogen peroxide. Trans-resveratrol, by contrast, inhibited all modes of TRPC5, and its effect was additive with that of vitamin C, suggesting antioxidant-independent action. The IC(50) was ∼10 μM. Diethylstilbestrol, a related hydroxylated stilbene, inhibited TRPC5 with a similar IC(50), but its action contrasted sharply with that of resveratrol in outside-out membrane patches where diethylstilbestrol caused strong and reversible inhibition and resveratrol had no effect, suggesting indirect modulation by resveratrol. Resveratrol did not affect channel surface density, but its effect was calcium-sensitive, indicating an action via a calcium-dependent intermediate. The data suggest previously unrecognized chemical-sensing properties of TRPC5 through multiple mechanisms: (i) inhibition by scavengers of reactive oxygen species because a mode of TRPC5 activity depends on endogenous hydrogen peroxide; (ii) direct channel blockade by diethylstilbestrol; and (iii) indirect, antioxidant-independent inhibition by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Naylor
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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TRP channels and their implications in metabolic diseases. Pflugers Arch 2010; 461:211-23. [PMID: 21110037 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily is composed of 28 nonselective cation channels that are ubiquitously expressed in many cell types and have considerable functional diversity. Although changes in TRP channel expression and function have been reported in cardiovascular disease and renal disorders, the pathogenic roles of TRP channels in metabolic diseases have not been systemically reviewed. In this review, we summarised the distribution of TRP channels in several metabolic tissues and discussed their roles in mediating and regulating various physiological and pathophysiological metabolic processes and diseases including diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, metabolic bone diseases and electrolyte disturbances. This review provides new insight into the involvement of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and implicates these channels as potential therapeutic targets for the management of metabolic diseases.
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