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Lam LPY, Lui ACW, Bartley LE, Mikami B, Umezawa T, Lo C. Multifunctional 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferases (CAldOMTs) in plant metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1671-1695. [PMID: 38198655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, flavonoids, melatonin, and stilbenes are plant specialized metabolites with diverse physiological and biological functions, supporting plant growth and conferring stress resistance. Their biosynthesis requires O-methylations catalyzed by 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase (CAldOMT; also called caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT). CAldOMT was first known for its roles in syringyl (S) lignin biosynthesis in angiosperm cell walls and later found to be multifunctional. This enzyme also catalyzes O-methylations in flavonoid, melatonin, and stilbene biosynthetic pathways. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the convergent evolution of enzymes with OMT activities towards the monolignol biosynthetic pathway intermediates in some gymnosperm species that lack S-lignin and Selaginella moellendorffii, a lycophyte which produces S-lignin. Furthermore, neofunctionalization of CAldOMTs occurred repeatedly during evolution, generating unique O-methyltransferases (OMTs) with novel catalytic activities and/or accepting novel substrates, including lignans, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and phenylpropenes. This review summarizes multiple aspects of CAldOMTs and their related proteins in plant metabolism and discusses their evolution, molecular mechanism, and roles in biorefineries, agriculture, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Pui Ying Lam
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita City, Akita 010-0852, Japan
| | - Andy C W Lui
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Laura E Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Barbinta-Patrascu ME, Nichita C, Bita B, Antohe S. Biocomposite Materials Derived from Andropogon halepensis: Eco-Design and Biophysical Evaluation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1225. [PMID: 38473696 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This research work presents a "green" strategy of weed valorization for developing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with promising interesting applications. Two types of AgNPs were phyto-synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of the weed Andropogon halepensis L. Phyto-manufacturing of AgNPs was achieved by two bio-reactions, in which the volume ratio of (phyto-extract)/(silver salt solution) was varied. The size and physical stability of Andropogon-AgNPs were evaluated by means of DLS and zeta potential measurements, respectively. The phyto-developed nanoparticles presented good free radicals-scavenging properties (investigated via a chemiluminescence technique) and also urease inhibitory activity (evaluated using the conductometric method). Andropogon-AgNPs could be promising candidates for various bio-applications, such as acting as an antioxidant coating for the development of multifunctional materials. Thus, the Andropogon-derived samples were used to treat spider silk from the spider Pholcus phalangioides, and then, the obtained "green" materials were characterized by spectral (UV-Vis absorption, FTIR ATR, and EDX) and morphological (SEM) analyses. These results could be exploited to design novel bioactive materials with applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela-Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu
- Department of Electricity, Solid-State Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Cornelia Nichita
- CTT-3Nano-SAE Research Center, Faculty of Physics, ICUB, University of Bucharest, MG-38, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Avenue, 031299 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Bita
- Department of Electricity, Solid-State Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Antohe
- Department of Electricity, Solid-State Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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Raza S, Sievertsen TH, Okumoto S, Vermaas JV. Passive permeability controls synthesis for the allelochemical sorgoleone in sorghum root exudate. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 217:113891. [PMID: 37844789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Competition for soil nutrients and water with other plants foster competition within the biosphere for access to these limited resources. The roots for the common grain sorghum produce multiple small molecules that are released via root exudates into the soil to compete with other plants. Sorgoleone is one such compound, which suppresses weed growth near sorghum by acting as a quinone analog and interferes with photosynthesis. Since sorghum also grows photosynthetically, and may be susceptible to sorgoleone action if present in tissues above ground, it is essential to exude sorgoleone efficiently. However, since the P450 enzymes that synthesize sorgoleone are intracellular, the release mechanism for sorgoleone remain unclear. In this study, we conducted an in silico assessment for sorgoleone and its precursors to passively permeate biological membranes. To facilitate accurate simulation, CHARMM parameters were newly optimized for sorgoleone and its precursors. These parameters were used to conduct 1 μs of unbiased molecular dynamics simulations to compare the permeability of sorgoleone with its precursors molecules. We find that interleaflet transfer is maximized for sorgoleone, suggesting that the precursor molecules may remain in the same leaflet for access by biosynthetic P450 enzymes. Since no sorgoleone was extracted during unbiased simulations, we compute a permeability coefficient using the inhomogeneous solubility diffusion model. The requisite free energy and diffusivity profiles for sorgoleone through a sorghum membrane model were determined through Replica Exchange Umbrella Sampling (REUS) simulations. The REUS calculations highlight that any soluble sorgoleone would quickly insert into a lipid bilayer, and would readily transit. When sorgoleone forms aggregates in root exudate as indicated by our equilibrium simulations, aggregate formation would lower the effective concentration in aqueous solution, creating a concentration gradient that would facilitate passive transport. This suggests that sorgoleone synthesis occurs within sorghum root cells and that sorgoleone is exuded by permeating through the cell membrane without the need for a transport protein once the extracellular sorgoleone aggregate is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Raza
- Plant Research Laboratory, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Troy H Sievertsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Sakiko Okumoto
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
| | - Josh V Vermaas
- Plant Research Laboratory, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA.
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4
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Lui ACW, Pow KC, Lin N, Lam LPY, Liu G, Godwin ID, Fan Z, Khoo CJ, Tobimatsu Y, Wang L, Hao Q, Lo C. Regioselective stilbene O-methylations in Saccharinae grasses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3462. [PMID: 37308495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
O-Methylated stilbenes are prominent nutraceuticals but rarely produced by crops. Here, the inherent ability of two Saccharinae grasses to produce regioselectively O-methylated stilbenes is reported. A stilbene O-methyltransferase, SbSOMT, is first shown to be indispensable for pathogen-inducible pterostilbene (3,5-bis-O-methylated) biosynthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Phylogenetic analysis indicates the recruitment of genus-specific SOMTs from canonical caffeic acid O-methyltransferases (COMTs) after the divergence of Sorghum spp. from Saccharum spp. In recombinant enzyme assays, SbSOMT and COMTs regioselectively catalyze O-methylation of stilbene A-ring and B-ring respectively. Subsequently, SOMT-stilbene crystal structures are presented. Whilst SbSOMT shows global structural resemblance to SbCOMT, molecular characterizations illustrate two hydrophobic residues (Ile144/Phe337) crucial for substrate binding orientation leading to 3,5-bis-O-methylations in the A-ring. In contrast, the equivalent residues (Asn128/Asn323) in SbCOMT facilitate an opposite orientation that favors 3'-O-methylation in the B-ring. Consistently, a highly-conserved COMT is likely involved in isorhapontigenin (3'-O-methylated) formation in wounded wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum). Altogether, our work reveals the potential of Saccharinae grasses as a source of O-methylated stilbenes, and rationalize the regioselectivity of SOMT activities for bioengineering of O-methylated stilbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C W Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kah Chee Pow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lydia Pui Ying Lam
- Center for Crossover Education, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita City, Akita, 010-8502, Japan
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian D Godwin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhuming Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Jing Khoo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Lanxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China.
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Bozal-Leorri A, Corrochano-Monsalve M, Arregui LM, Aparicio-Tejo PM, González-Murua C. Evaluation of a crop rotation with biological inhibition potential to avoid N 2O emissions in comparison with synthetic nitrification inhibition. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:222-233. [PMID: 36522055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture has increased the release of reactive nitrogen to the environment due to crops' low nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) after the application of nitrogen-fertilisers. Practices like the use of stabilized-fertilisers with nitrification inhibitors such as DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) have been adopted to reduce nitrogen losses. Otherwise, cover crops can be used in crop-rotation-strategies to reduce soil nitrogen pollution and benefit the following culture. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) could be a good candidate as it is drought tolerant and its culture can reduce nitrogen losses derived from nitrification because it exudates biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs). This work aimed to evaluate the effect of fallow-wheat and sorghum cover crop-wheat rotations on N2O emissions and the grain yield of winter wheat crop. In addition, the suitability of DMPP addition was also analyzed. The use of sorghum as a cover crop might not be a suitable option to mitigate nitrogen losses in the subsequent crop. Although sorghum-wheat rotation was able to reduce 22% the abundance of amoA, it presented an increment of 77% in cumulative N2O emissions compared to fallow-wheat rotation, which was probably related to a greater abundance of heterotrophic-denitrification genes. On the other hand, the application of DMPP avoided the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and maintained the N2O emissions at the levels of unfertilized-soils in both rotations. As a conclusion, the use of DMPP would be recommendable regardless of the rotation since it maintains NH4+ in the soil for longer and mitigates the impact of the crop residues on nitrogen soil dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Bozal-Leorri
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao 48940, Spain.
| | - Mario Corrochano-Monsalve
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao 48940, Spain
| | - Luis M Arregui
- Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (ISFOOD), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Pedro M Aparicio-Tejo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao 48940, Spain
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Cen Z, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Yang S, Dong Y. Nitrogen Fertilization in a Faba Bean-Wheat Intercropping System Can Alleviate the Autotoxic Effects in Faba Bean. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12061232. [PMID: 36986921 PMCID: PMC10057412 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cultivation of the faba bean will lead to its autotoxicity. Faba bean-wheat intercropping can effectively alleviate the autotoxicity of the faba bean. In order to investigate the autotoxicity of water extracts of various parts of the faba bean, we prepared water extracts of various parts of the faba bean, such as the roots, stems, leaves, and rhizosphere soil. The results showed various parts of the faba bean significantly inhibited the germination of faba bean seeds. The main autotoxins in these parts were analyzed using HPLC. Six autotoxins, namely, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid, were identified. The exogenous addition of these six autotoxins significantly inhibited the germination of faba bean seeds in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the autotoxin content and the aboveground dry weight of the faba bean in a faba bean-wheat intercropping system. The application of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the faba bean-wheat intercropping system could significantly reduce the content of autotoxins and increase the aboveground dry weight in faba bean, particularly at the N2 level (90 kg/hm2). The above results showed that the water extracts of faba bean roots, stems, leaves, and rhizosphere soil inhibited faba bean seed germination. The autotoxicity in faba bean under continuous cropping could be caused by p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid. The autotoxic effects in the faba bean were effectively mitigated by the application of nitrogen fertilizer in a faba bean-wheat intercropping system.
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Scott S, Cahoon EB, Busta L. Variation on a theme: the structures and biosynthesis of specialized fatty acid natural products in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:954-965. [PMID: 35749584 PMCID: PMC9546235 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to construct lineage-specific natural products from a wide array of their core metabolic pathways. Considerable progress has been made toward documenting and understanding, for example, phenylpropanoid natural products derived from phosphoenolpyruvate via the shikimate pathway, terpenoid compounds built using isopentyl pyrophosphate, and alkaloids generated by the extensive modification of amino acids. By comparison, natural products derived from fatty acids have received little attention, except for unusual fatty acids in seed oils and jasmonate-like oxylipins. However, scattered but numerous reports show that plants are able to generate many structurally diverse compounds from fatty acids, including some with highly elaborate and unique structural features that have novel bioproduct functionalities. Furthermore, although recent work has shed light on multiple new fatty acid natural product biosynthesis pathways and products in diverse plant species, these discoveries have not been reviewed. The aims of this work, therefore, are to (i) review and systematize our current knowledge of the structures and biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived natural products that are not seed oils or jasmonate-type oxylipins, specifically, polyacetylenic, very-long-chain, and aromatic fatty acid-derived natural products, and (ii) suggest priorities for future investigative steps that will bring our knowledge of fatty acid-derived natural products closer to the levels of knowledge that we have attained for other phytochemical classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Scott
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota DuluthDuluth55812MNUSA
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincoln68588NEUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincoln68588NEUSA
| | - Lucas Busta
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota DuluthDuluth55812MNUSA
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Shah MAR, Khan RA, Ahmed M. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers rhizomes inhibitory potential against diabetes and free radicals. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Owing to the side effects of synthetic medicine and less effectiveness against different syndromes, the researchers have focused on phytotherapy to overcome these problems. The purpose of this project was to study the in vitro phytochemical, cytotoxic, total phenolic, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the methanol extract of the rhizome of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers and its n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous fractions. Thereafter, to conduct in vivo evaluation of the effective extract for its antidiabetic and antioxidant characteristics.
Methods
Cytotoxic, total phenolic content and antidiabetic properties were ascertained by brine shrimps lethality, Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and alpha-amylase inhibition assays respectively while antioxidant activities were investigated through DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays. The methanolic extract was assessed in vivo for its antidiabetic and antioxidant activities by using Wistar albino rats.
Results
The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract and its unlike fractions revealed the availability of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, carbohydrate and proteins while lack of saponins and gums in methanolic extract. Steroids and carbohydrates were only present in aqueous and chloroform fraction respectively while both fractions contained proteins and alkaloids. Cardiac glycosides and flavonoids were absent in aqueous and chloroform fractions respectively. The highest brine shrimps lethality (70.5 ± 1.2), total phenolic content (28.30 ± 1.3 mg GAE/g), free radicals scavenging potential i.e. DPPH (40.02%), ABTS (40.48%) and H2O2 (50.85%) and alpha amylase inhibition (61.87%) was shown by the methanolic extract. The in vivo results did not disclose any sign of acute toxicity. The diabetic control showed a noteworthy (P < 0.05) decline in weight, HDL and glutathione and a raised level of bilirubin, blood glucose, urea, creatinine, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, ALT, ALP, AST, SOD, catalase. The mentioned alterations were restored considerably (P < 0.05) by treatment of diabetic rats with methanolic extract of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers (150 and 300 mg/kg b.w.).
Conclusion
It is concluded that the extract of rhizomes of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers is an effective fount of antioxidant and anti-diabetic compounds. Further analysis is needed to sharpen its pharmacological activities.
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Deng S, Caddell DF, Xu G, Dahlen L, Washington L, Yang J, Coleman-Derr D. Genome wide association study reveals plant loci controlling heritability of the rhizosphere microbiome. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:3181-3194. [PMID: 33980999 PMCID: PMC8528814 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Host genetics has recently been shown to be a driver of plant microbiome composition. However, identifying the underlying genetic loci controlling microbial selection remains challenging. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent a potentially powerful, unbiased method to identify microbes sensitive to the host genotype and to connect them with the genetic loci that influence their colonization. Here, we conducted a population-level microbiome analysis of the rhizospheres of 200 sorghum genotypes. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we identify rhizosphere-associated bacteria exhibiting heritable associations with plant genotype, and identify significant overlap between these lineages and heritable taxa recently identified in maize. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GWAS can identify host loci that correlate with the abundance of specific subsets of the rhizosphere microbiome. Finally, we demonstrate that these results can be used to predict rhizosphere microbiome structure for an independent panel of sorghum genotypes based solely on knowledge of host genotypic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Deng
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.465232.4Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA USA
| | | | - Gen Xu
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Lindsay Dahlen
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Present Address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Lorenzo Washington
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jinliang Yang
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Devin Coleman-Derr
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.465232.4Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA USA
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Hao H, Li Z, Leng C, Lu C, Luo H, Liu Y, Wu X, Liu Z, Shang L, Jing HC. Sorghum breeding in the genomic era: opportunities and challenges. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1899-1924. [PMID: 33655424 PMCID: PMC7924314 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The importance and potential of the multi-purpose crop sorghum in global food security have not yet been fully exploited, and the integration of the state-of-art genomics and high-throughput technologies into breeding practice is required. Sorghum, a historically vital staple food source and currently the fifth most important major cereal, is emerging as a crop with diverse end-uses as food, feed, fuel and forage and a model for functional genetics and genomics of tropical grasses. Rapid development in high-throughput experimental and data processing technologies has significantly speeded up sorghum genomic researches in the past few years. The genomes of three sorghum lines are available, thousands of genetic stocks accessible and various genetic populations, including NAM, MAGIC, and mutagenised populations released. Functional and comparative genomics have elucidated key genetic loci and genes controlling agronomical and adaptive traits. However, the knowledge gained has far away from being translated into real breeding practices. We argue that the way forward is to take a genome-based approach for tailored designing of sorghum as a multi-functional crop combining excellent agricultural traits for various end uses. In this review, we update the new concepts and innovation systems in crop breeding and summarise recent advances in sorghum genomic researches, especially the genome-wide dissection of variations in genes and alleles for agronomically important traits. Future directions and opportunities for sorghum breeding are highlighted to stimulate discussion amongst sorghum academic and industrial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chuanyuan Leng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Li Shang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Grass-based Livestock Husbandry, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Pan Z, Bajsa‐Hirschel J, Vaughn JN, Rimando AM, Baerson SR, Duke SO. In vivo assembly of the sorgoleone biosynthetic pathway and its impact on agroinfiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:683-697. [PMID: 33460457 PMCID: PMC8048663 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sorgoleone, a hydrophobic compound exuded from root hair cells of Sorghum spp., accounts for much of the allelopathic activity of the genus. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of this compound have been identified and functionally characterized. Here, we report the successful assembly of the biosynthetic pathway and the significant impact of in vivo synthesized sorgoleone on the heterologous host Nicotiana benthamiana. A multigene DNA construct was prepared for the expression of genes required for sorgoleone biosynthesis in planta and deployed in N. benthamiana leaf tissues via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. RNA-sequencing was conducted to investigate the effects of sorgoleone, via expression of its biosynthesis pathway, on host gene expression. The production of sorgoleone in agroinfiltrated leaves as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) resulted in the formation of necrotic lesions, indicating that the compound caused severe phytotoxicity to these tissues. RNA-sequencing profiling revealed significant changes in gene expression in the leaf tissues expressing the pathway during the formation of sorgoleone-induced necrotic lesions. Transcriptome analysis suggested that the compound produced in vivo impaired the photosynthetic system as a result of downregulated gene expression for the photosynthesis apparatus and elevated expression of proteasomal genes which may play a major role in the phytotoxicity of sorgoleone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Pan
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Joanna Bajsa‐Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Justin N. Vaughn
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research UnitUSDA, ARSAthensGA30605USA
| | - Agnes M. Rimando
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Scott R. Baerson
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Stephen O. Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
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Valletta A, Iozia LM, Leonelli F. Impact of Environmental Factors on Stilbene Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:E90. [PMID: 33406721 PMCID: PMC7823792 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes are a small family of polyphenolic secondary metabolites that can be found in several distantly related plant species. These compounds act as phytoalexins, playing a crucial role in plant defense against phytopathogens, as well as being involved in the adaptation of plants to abiotic environmental factors. Among stilbenes, trans-resveratrol is certainly the most popular and extensively studied for its health properties. In recent years, an increasing number of stilbene compounds were subjected to investigations concerning their bioactivity. This review presents the most updated knowledge of the stilbene biosynthetic pathway, also focusing on the role of several environmental factors in eliciting stilbenes biosynthesis. The effects of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, ultrasonication, mechanical stress, salt stress, drought, temperature, ozone, and biotic stress are reviewed in the context of enhancing stilbene biosynthesis, both in planta and in plant cell and organ cultures. This knowledge may shed some light on stilbene biological roles and represents a useful tool to increase the accumulation of these valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Maria Iozia
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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13
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Genetic analysis of QTLs controlling allelopathic characteristics in sorghum. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235896. [PMID: 32730265 PMCID: PMC7392238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature sorghum herbage is known to contain several water-soluble secondary metabolites (allelochemicals). In this study, we investigated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with allelochemical characteristics in sorghum using linkage mapping and linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based association mapping. A sorghum diversity research set (SDRS) of 107 accessions was used in LD mapping whereas, F2:3 lines derived from a cross between Japanese and African landraces were used in linkage mapping. The QTLs were further confirmed by positional (targeted) association mapping with Q+K model. The inhibitory effect of water-soluble extracts (WSE) was tested on germination and root length of lettuce seedlings in four concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). A Significant range of variations was observed among genotypes in both types of mapping populations (P < 0.05). A total of 181 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) derived from antecedently reported map have been used for genotyping of SDRS. A genetic linkage map of 151 sorghum SSR markers was also developed on 134 F2 individuals. The total map length was 1359.3 cM, with an average distance of 8.2 cM between adjacent markers. LD mapping identified three QTLs for inhibition effect on germination and seven QTLs for root length of lettuce seedlings. Whereas, a total of six QTLs for inhibition of germination and ten QTLs for root length were detected in linkage mapping approach. The percent phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 6.9% to 27.3% in SDRS and 9.9% to 35.6% in F2:3 lines. Regional association analysis identified four QTLs, three of them are common in other methods too. No QTL was identified in the region where major gene for sorgoleone (SOR1) has been cloned previously on chromosome 5.
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Ananda GKS, Myrans H, Norton SL, Gleadow R, Furtado A, Henry RJ. Wild Sorghum as a Promising Resource for Crop Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1108. [PMID: 32765575 PMCID: PMC7380247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a multipurpose food crop which is ranked among the top five cereal crops in the world, and is used as a source of food, fodder, feed, and fuel. The genus Sorghum consists of 24 diverse species. Cultivated sorghum was derived from the wild progenitor S. bicolor subsp. verticilliflorum, which is commonly distributed in Africa. Archeological evidence has identified regions in Sudan, Ethiopia, and West Africa as centers of origin of sorghum, with evidence for more than one domestication event. The taxonomy of the genus is not fully resolved, with alternative classifications that should be resolved by further molecular analysis. Sorghum can withstand severe droughts which makes it suitable to grow in regions where other major crops cannot be grown. Wild relatives of many crops have played significant roles as genetic resources for crop improvement. Although there have been many studies of domesticated sorghum, few studies have reported on its wild relatives. In Sorghum, some species are widely distributed while others are very restricted. Of the 17 native sorghum species found in Australia, none have been cultivated. Isolation of these wild species from domesticated crops makes them a highly valuable system for studying the evolution of adaptive traits such as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The diversity of the genus Sorghum has probably arisen as a result of the extensive variability of the habitats over which they are distributed. The wild gene pool of sorghum may, therefore, harbor many useful genes for abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. While there are many examples of successful examples of introgression of novel alleles from the wild relatives of other species from Poaceae, such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane, studies of introgression from wild sorghum are limited. An improved understanding of wild sorghums will better allow us to exploit this previously underutilized gene pool for the production of more resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galaihalage K. S. Ananda
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Harry Myrans
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally L. Norton
- Australian Grains Genebank, Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, VIC, Australia
| | - Roslyn Gleadow
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert J. Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Robert J. Henry,
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Pandey AK, Madhu P, Bhat BV. Down-Regulation of CYP79A1 Gene Through Antisense Approach Reduced the Cyanogenic Glycoside Dhurrin in [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] to Improve Fodder Quality. Front Nutr 2019; 6:122. [PMID: 31544105 PMCID: PMC6729101 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major limitation for the utilization of sorghum forage is the production of the cyanogenic glycoside dhurrin in its leaves and stem that may cause the death of cattle feeding on it at the pre-flowering stage. Therefore, we attempted to develop transgenic sorghum plants with reduced levels of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) by antisense mediated down-regulation of the expression of cytochrome P450 CYP79A1, the key enzyme of the dhurrin biosynthesis pathway. CYP79A1 cDNA was isolated and cloned in antisense orientation, driven by rice Act1 promoter. Shoot meristem explants of sorghum cultivar CSV 15 were transformed by the particle bombardment method and 27 transgenics showing the integration of transgene were developed. The biochemical assay for HCN in the transgenic sorghum plants confirmed significantly reduced HCN levels in transgenic plants and their progenies. The HCN content in the transgenics varied from 5.1 to 149.8 μg/g compared to 192.08 μg/g in the non-transformed control on dry weight basis. Progenies with reduced HCN content were advanced after each generation till T3. In T3 generation, progenies of two promising events were tested which produced highly reduced levels of HCN (mean of 62.9 and 76.2 μg/g, against the control mean of 221.4 μg/g). The reduction in the HCN levels of transgenics confirmed the usefulness of this approach for reducing HCN levels in forage sorghum plants. The study effectively demonstrated that the antisense CYP79A1 gene deployment was effective in producing sorghum plants with lower HCN content which are safer for cattle to feed on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR), Hyderabad, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pusuluri Madhu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR), Hyderabad, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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Boyles RE, Brenton ZW, Kresovich S. Genetic and genomic resources of sorghum to connect genotype with phenotype in contrasting environments. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:19-39. [PMID: 30260043 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With the recent development of genomic resources and high-throughput phenotyping platforms, the 21st century is primed for major breakthroughs in the discovery, understanding and utilization of plant genetic variation. Significant advances in agriculture remain at the forefront to increase crop production and quality to satisfy the global food demand in a changing climate all while reducing the environmental impacts of the world's food production. Sorghum, a resilient C4 grain and grass important for food and energy production, is being extensively dissected genetically and phenomically to help connect the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation. Unlike genetically modified crops such as corn or soybean, sorghum improvement has relied heavily on public research; thus, many of the genetic resources serve a dual purpose for both academic and commercial pursuits. Genetic and genomic resources not only provide the foundation to identify and understand the genes underlying variation, but also serve as novel sources of genetic and phenotypic diversity in plant breeding programs. To better disseminate the collective information of this community, we discuss: (i) the genomic resources of sorghum that are at the disposal of the research community; (ii) the suite of sorghum traits as potential targets for increasing productivity in contrasting environments; and (iii) the prospective approaches and technologies that will help to dissect the genotype-phenotype relationship as well as those that will apply foundational knowledge for sorghum improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Boyles
- Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC, 29506, USA
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, 105 Collings St, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Zachary W Brenton
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, 105 Collings St, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, Clemson University, 171 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Stephen Kresovich
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, 105 Collings St, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, Clemson University, 171 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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17
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Molecular cloning and functional characterization of an O-methyltransferase catalyzing 4'-O-methylation of resveratrol in Acorus calamus. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:539-543. [PMID: 30471982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol and its methyl ethers, which belong to a class of natural polyphenol stilbenes, play important roles as biologically active compounds in plant defense as well as in human health. Although the biosynthetic pathway of resveratrol has been fully elucidated, the characterization of resveratrol-specific O-methyltransferases remains elusive. In this study, we used RNA-seq analysis to identify a putative aromatic O-methyltransferase gene, AcOMT1, in Acorus calamus. Recombinant AcOMT1 expressed in Escherichia coli showed high 4'-O-methylation activity toward resveratrol and its derivative, isorhapontigenin. We purified a reaction product enzymatically formed from resveratrol by AcOMT1 and confirmed it as 4'-O-methylresveratrol (deoxyrhapontigenin). Resveratrol and isorhapontigenin were the most preferred substrates with apparent Km values of 1.8 μM and 4.2 μM, respectively. Recombinant AcOMT1 exhibited reduced activity toward other resveratrol derivatives, piceatannol, oxyresveratrol, and pinostilbene. In contrast, recombinant AcOMT1 exhibited no activity toward pterostilbene or pinosylvin. These results indicate that AcOMT1 showed high 4'-O-methylation activity toward stilbenes with non-methylated phloroglucinol rings.
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18
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Pan Z, Baerson SR, Wang M, Bajsa‐Hirschel J, Rimando AM, Wang X, Nanayakkara NPD, Noonan BP, Fromm ME, Dayan FE, Khan IA, Duke SO. A cytochrome P450 CYP71 enzyme expressed in Sorghum bicolor root hair cells participates in the biosynthesis of the benzoquinone allelochemical sorgoleone. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:616-629. [PMID: 29461628 PMCID: PMC5887931 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sorgoleone, a major component of the hydrophobic root exudates of Sorghum spp., is probably responsible for many of the allelopathic properties attributed to members of this genus. Much of the biosynthetic pathway for this compound has been elucidated, with the exception of the enzyme responsible for the catalysis of the addition of two hydroxyl groups to the resorcinol ring. A library prepared from isolated Sorghum bicolor root hair cells was first mined for P450-like sequences, which were then analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to identify those preferentially expressed in root hairs. Full-length open reading frames for each candidate were generated, and then analyzed biochemically using both a yeast expression system and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated repression in transgenic S. bicolor was used to confirm the roles of these candidates in the biosynthesis of sorgoleone in planta. A P450 enzyme, designated CYP71AM1, was found to be capable of catalyzing the formation of dihydrosorgoleone using 5-pentadecatrienyl resorcinol-3-methyl ether as substrate, as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). RNAi-mediated repression of CYP71AM1 in S. bicolor resulted in decreased sorgoleone contents in multiple independent transformant events. Our results strongly suggest that CYP71AM1 participates in the biosynthetic pathway of the allelochemical sorgoleone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Pan
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceNatural Products Utilization Research UnitUniversityMS 38677USA
| | - Scott R. Baerson
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceNatural Products Utilization Research UnitUniversityMS 38677USA
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiUniversityMS 38677USA
| | - Joanna Bajsa‐Hirschel
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceNatural Products Utilization Research UnitUniversityMS 38677USA
| | - Agnes M. Rimando
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceNatural Products Utilization Research UnitUniversityMS 38677USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76203USA
| | - N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiUniversityMS 38677USA
| | - Brice P. Noonan
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MississippiUniversityMS 38677USA
| | - Michael E. Fromm
- Epicrop Technologies Inc.5701 N. 58th Street, Suite 1LincolnNE 68507USA
| | - Franck E. Dayan
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceNatural Products Utilization Research UnitUniversityMS 38677USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiUniversityMS 38677USA
| | - Stephen O. Duke
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceNatural Products Utilization Research UnitUniversityMS 38677USA
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Yin C, Xiang L, Wang G, Wang Y, Shen X, Chen X, Mao Z. How to Plant Apple Trees to Reduce Replant Disease in Apple Orchard: A Study on the Phenolic Acid of the Replanted Apple Orchard. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167347. [PMID: 27907081 PMCID: PMC5132267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is an important problem in the production of apple. The phenolic acid is one of the causes of ARD. How phenolic acid affects the ARD was not well known. In this study, we analyzed the type, concentration and annual dynamic variation of phenolic acid in soil from three replanted apple orchards using an accelerated solvent extraction system with high performance liquid chromatography (ASE-HPLC). We found that the type and concentration of phenolic acid were significantly differed among different seasons, different sampling positions and different soil layers. Major types of phenolic acid in three replanted apple orchards were phlorizin, benzoic acid and vanillic aldehyde. The concentration of phenolic acid was highest in the soil of the previous tree holes and it was increased from the spring to autumn. Moreover, phenolic acid was primarily distributed in 30-60 cm soil layer in the autumn, while it was most abundant in 0-30 cm soil layer in the spring. Our results suggest that phlorizin, benzoic acid and vanillic aldehyde may be the key phenolic acid that brought about ARD in the replanted apple orchard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Gongshuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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LoPresti EF. Chemicals on plant surfaces as a heretofore unrecognized, but ecologically informative, class for investigations into plant defence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:1102-1117. [PMID: 26280356 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce and utilize a great diversity of chemicals for a variety of physiological and ecological purposes. Many of these chemicals defend plants against herbivores, pathogens and competitors. The location of these chemicals varies within the plant, some are located entirely within plant tissues, others exist in the air- (or water-) space around plants, and still others are secreted onto plant surfaces as exudates. I argue herein that the location of a given defensive chemical has profound implications for its ecological function; specifically, I focus on the characteristics of chemical defences secreted onto plant surfaces. Drawing from a broad literature encompassing ecology, evolution, taxonomy and physiology, I found that these external chemical defences (ECDs) are common and widespread in plants and algae; hundreds of examples have been detailed, yet they are not delineated as a separate class from internal chemical defences (ICDs). I propose a novel typology for ECDs and, using existing literature, explore the ecological consequences of the hypothesized unique characteristics of ECDs. The axis of total or proportional investment in ECDs versus ICDs should be considered as one axis of investment by a plant, in the same way as quantitative versus qualitative chemical defences or induced versus constitutive defences is considered. The ease of manipulating ECDs in many plant systems presents a powerful tool to help test plant defence theory (e.g. optimal defence). The framework outlined here integrates various disciplines of botany and ecology and suggests a need for further examinations of exudates in a variety of contexts, as well as recognition of the effects of within-plant localization of defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric F LoPresti
- Department of Entomology, Graduate Group in Ecology, Center for Population Biology, UC-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A..
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21
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Magomere TO, Obukosia SD, Shibairo SI, Ngugi EK, Mutitu E. Evaluation of Relative Competitive Ability and Fitness of Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum halepense and Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense F1 Hybrids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2015.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Kang SY, Lee JK, Choi O, Kim CY, Jang JH, Hwang BY, Hong YS. Biosynthesis of methylated resveratrol analogs through the construction of an artificial biosynthetic pathway in E. coli. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:67. [PMID: 25033820 PMCID: PMC4118633 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methylated resveratrol analogs show similar biological activities that are comparable with those of the resveratrol. However, the methylated resveratrol analogs exhibit better bioavailability as they are more easily transported into the cell and more resistant to degradation. Although these compounds are widely used in human health care and in industrial materials, at present they are mainly obtained by extraction from raw plant sources. Accordingly their production can suffer from a variety of economic problems, including low levels of productivity and/or heterogeneous quality. On this backdrop, large-scale production of plant metabolites via microbial approaches is a promising alternative to chemical synthesis and extraction from plant sources. Results An Escherichia coli system containing an artificial biosynthetic pathway that produces methylated resveratrol analogues, such as pinostilbene (3,4’-dihydroxy-5-methoxystilbene), 3,5-dihydroxy-4’-methoxystilbene, 3,4’-dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene, and 3,5,4’-trimethoxystilbene, from simple carbon sources is developed. These artificial biosynthetic pathways contain a series of codon-optimized O-methyltransferase genes from sorghum in addition to the resveratrol biosynthetic genes. The E. coli cells that harbor pET-opTLO1S or pET-opTLO3S produce the one-methyl resveratrol analogues of 3,5-dihydroxy-4’-methoxystilbene and pinostilbene, respectively. Furthermore, the E. coli cells that harbor pET-opTLO13S produce 3,5-dihydroxy-4’-methoxystilbene, bis-methyl resveratrol (3,4’-dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene), and tri-methyl resveratrol (3,5,4’-trimethoxystilbene). Conclusions Our strategy demonstrates the first harness microorganisms for de novo synthesis of methylated resveratrol analogs used a single vector system joined with resveratrol biosynthetic genes and sorghum two resveratrol O-methyltransferase genes. Thus, this is also the first report on the production of the methylated resveratrol compounds bis-methyl and tri-methyl resveratrol (3,4’-dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene and 3,5,4’-trimethoxystilbene) in the E. coli culture. Thus, the production of the methylated resveratrol compounds was performed on the simple E. coli medium without precursor feeding in the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Soo Hong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Wang Y, Bhuiya MW, Zhou R, Yu O. Pterostilbene production by microorganisms expressing resveratrol O-methyltransferase. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Uddin MR, Park SU, Dayan FE, Pyon JY. Herbicidal activity of formulated sorgoleone, a natural product of sorghum root exudate. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:252-7. [PMID: 23785031 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The allelochemical sorgoleone, a major component of the hydrophobic root exudates of Sorghum bicolor, was formulated as a wettable powder [4.6 WP] and evaluated as a natural herbicide on several weed and crop species under different growth conditions. RESULTS Formulated sorgoleone [4.6 WP] suppressed germination and shoot growth of weeds, with broadleaf species showing greater susceptibility than grass weed species. Germination and growth of broadleaf weed species were completely suppressed (100%) at 0.2 g a.i. L(-1) sorgoleone in a growth chamber study. Post-emergence applications of the wettable formulation of sorgoleone [4.6 WP] inhibited 20-25% higher growth of weeds than pre-emergence applications under greenhouse conditions. Broadleaf weeds were more susceptible than grass species to both methods of application. In all studies, growth was suppressed in more than 90% of the broadleaf weeds and two species, in particular, Rumex japonicus and Plantago asiatica, were completely suppressed at 0.4 kg a.i. ha(-1) sorgoleone. The crop species, on the other hand, were much more tolerant to sorgoleone, with 30% inhibition, at most, at the highest rate of 0.4 kg a.i. ha(-1) sorgoleone. CONCLUSION The results of this study reveal that sorgoleone, after formulation as a WP, is more effective in inhibiting weed growth, and crop species are tolerant to it. The strong weed suppressive ability of formulated sorgoleone therefore offers interesting possibilities as an effective natural environment-friendly approach for weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Romij Uddin
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
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Duke SO, Owens DK, Dayan FE. The Growing Need for Biochemical Bioherbicides. BIOPESTICIDES: STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1172.ch003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O. Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Cochran Research Center, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Daniel K. Owens
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Cochran Research Center, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Franck E. Dayan
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Cochran Research Center, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Subbarao GV, Sahrawat KL, Nakahara K, Rao IM, Ishitani M, Hash CT, Kishii M, Bonnett DG, Berry WL, Lata JC. A paradigm shift towards low-nitrifying production systems: the role of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:297-316. [PMID: 23118123 PMCID: PMC3698375 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agriculture is the single largest geo-engineering initiative that humans have initiated on planet Earth, largely through the introduction of unprecedented amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) into ecosystems. A major portion of this reactive N applied as fertilizer leaks into the environment in massive amounts, with cascading negative effects on ecosystem health and function. Natural ecosystems utilize many of the multiple pathways in the N cycle to regulate N flow. In contrast, the massive amounts of N currently applied to agricultural systems cycle primarily through the nitrification pathway, a single inefficient route that channels much of this reactive N into the environment. This is largely due to the rapid nitrifying soil environment of present-day agricultural systems. SCOPE In this Viewpoint paper, the importance of regulating nitrification as a strategy to minimize N leakage and to improve N-use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems is highlighted. The ability to suppress soil nitrification by the release of nitrification inhibitors from plant roots is termed 'biological nitrification inhibition' (BNI), an active plant-mediated natural function that can limit the amount of N cycling via the nitrification pathway. The development of a bioassay using luminescent Nitrosomonas to quantify nitrification inhibitory activity from roots has facilitated the characterization of BNI function. Release of BNIs from roots is a tightly regulated physiological process, with extensive genetic variability found in selected crops and pasture grasses. Here, the current status of understanding of the BNI function is reviewed using Brachiaria forage grasses, wheat and sorghum to illustrate how BNI function can be utilized for achieving low-nitrifying agricultural systems. A fundamental shift towards ammonium (NH4(+))-dominated agricultural systems could be achieved by using crops and pastures with high BNI capacities. When viewed from an agricultural and environmental perspective, the BNI function in plants could potentially have a large influence on biogeochemical cycling and closure of the N loop in crop-livestock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Subbarao
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Guillaumie S, Ilg A, Réty S, Brette M, Trossat-Magnin C, Decroocq S, Léon C, Keime C, Ye T, Baltenweck-Guyot R, Claudel P, Bordenave L, Vanbrabant S, Duchêne E, Delrot S, Darriet P, Hugueney P, Gomès E. Genetic analysis of the biosynthesis of 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine, a major grape-derived aroma compound impacting wine quality. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:604-15. [PMID: 23606597 PMCID: PMC3668056 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.218313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Methoxypyrazines (MPs) are strongly odorant volatile molecules with vegetable-like fragrances that are widespread in plants. Some grapevine (Vitis vinifera) varieties accumulate significant amounts of MPs, including 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (IBMP), which is the major MP in grape berries. MPs are of particular importance in white Sauvignon Blanc wines. The typicality of these wines relies on a fine balance between the pea pod, capsicum character of MPs and the passion fruit/grapefruit character due to volatile thiols. Although MPs play a crucial role in Sauvignon varietal aromas, excessive concentrations of these powerful odorants alter wine quality and reduce consumer acceptance, particularly in red wines. The last step of IBMP biosynthesis has been proposed to involve the methoxylation of the nonvolatile precursor 2-hydroxy-3-isobutylpyrazine to give rise to the highly volatile IBMP. In this work, we have used a quantitative trait loci approach to investigate the genetic bases of IBMP biosynthesis. This has led to the identification of two previously uncharacterized S-adenosyl-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferase genes, termed VvOMT3 and VvOMT4. Functional characterization of these two O-methyltransferases showed that the VvOMT3 protein was highly specific and efficient for 2-hydroxy-3-isobutylpyrazine methylation. Based on its differential expression in high- and low-MP-producing grapevine varieties, we propose that VvOMT3 is a key gene for IBMP biosynthesis in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stéphane Réty
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Maxime Brette
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Claudine Trossat-Magnin
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Stéphane Decroocq
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Céline Léon
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Céline Keime
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Tao Ye
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Raymonde Baltenweck-Guyot
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Patricia Claudel
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Louis Bordenave
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Sandra Vanbrabant
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Eric Duchêne
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
| | - Serge Delrot
- Université de Bordeaux and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.G., C.T.-M., S.Dec., C.L., L.B., S.Del., E.G.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F–67081 Strasbourg, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015 Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, F–75270 Paris, France (S.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe d’Accueil 4577 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Sous Contrat 1366 Œnologie, F–33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France (M.B., S.V., P.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F–68021 Colmar, France (A.I., R.B.-G., P.C., E.D., P.H.); and
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F–67404 Illkirch, France (C.K., T.Y.)
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Uddin MR, Thwe AA, Kim YB, Park WT, Chae SC, Park SU. Effects of jasmonates on sorgoleone accumulation and expression of genes for sorgoleone biosynthesis in sorghum roots. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:712-22. [PMID: 23702703 PMCID: PMC3669516 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the roles of jasmonates in the regulation of sorgoleone accumulation and the expression of genes involved in sorgoleone biosynthesis in sorghum roots. Both methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and jasmonic acid (JA) substantially promoted root hair formation, secondary root development, root weight, and sorgoleone accumulation in sorghum roots. Sorgoleone content varied widely depending on the concentration of JA or MeJa and the duration of their application. Root weight and sorgoleone accumulation were highest after the application of JA or MeJa at a concentration of 5.0 μM, and then declined with increasing concentrations of jasmonates. At 5.0 μM, JA and MeJa increased sorgoleone content by 4.1 and 3.4-fold, respectively. Transcript accumulation was apparent for all genes, particularly for the O-methyltransferase 3 gene, which increased in expression levels up to 8.1-fold after a 36-h exposure to MeJa and 3.5-fold after a 48-h exposure to JA. The results of this study pave the way for more effective biosynthesis of sorgoleone, an important and useful allelochemical obtained from a variety of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Romij Uddin
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Sorghum allelopathy--from ecosystem to molecule. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:142-53. [PMID: 23393005 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum allelopathy has been reported in a series of field experiments following sorghum establishment. In recent years, sorghum phytotoxicity and allelopathic interference also have been well-described in greenhouse and laboratory settings. Observations of allelopathy have occurred in diverse locations and with various sorghum plant parts. Phytotoxicity has been reported when sorghum was incorporated into the soil as a green manure, when residues remained on the soil surface in reduced tillage settings, or when sorghum was cultivated as a crop in managed fields. Allelochemicals present in sorghum tissues have varied with plant part, age, and cultivar evaluated. A diverse group of sorghum allelochemicals, including numerous phenolics, a cyanogenic glycoside (dhurrin), and a hydrophobic p-benzoquinone (sorgoleone) have been isolated and identified in recent years from sorghum shoots, roots, and root exudates, as our capacity to analyze and identify complex secondary products in trace quantities in the plant and in the soil rhizosphere has improved. These allelochemicals, particularly sorgoleone, have been widely investigated in terms of their mode(s) of action, specific activity and selectivity, release into the rhizosphere, and uptake and translocation into sensitive indicator species. Both genetics and environment have been shown to influence sorgoleone production and expression of genes involved in sorgoleone biosynthesis. In the soil rhizosphere, sorgoleone is released continuously by living root hairs where it accumulates in significant concentrations around its roots. Further experimentation designed to study the regulation of sorgoleone production by living sorghum root hairs may result in increased capacity to utilize sorghum cover crops more effectively for suppression of germinating weed seedlings, in a manner similar to that of soil-applied preemergent herbicides like trifluralin.
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Mizuno H, Kawahigashi H, Kawahara Y, Kanamori H, Ogata J, Minami H, Itoh T, Matsumoto T. Global transcriptome analysis reveals distinct expression among duplicated genes during sorghum-interaction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:121. [PMID: 22838966 PMCID: PMC3480847 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a rich source of natural phytochemicals. We performed massive parallel sequencing of mRNA to identify differentially expressed genes after sorghum BTx623 had been infected with Bipolaris sorghicola, a necrotrophic fungus causing a sorghum disease called target leaf spot. RESULT Seventy-six-base-pair reads from mRNAs of mock- or pathogen-infected leaves were sequenced. Unannotated transcripts were predicted on the basis of the piling-up of mapped short reads. Differentially expressed genes were identified statistically; particular genes in tandemly duplicated putative paralogs were highly upregulated. Pathogen infection activated the glyoxylate shunt in the TCA cycle; this changes the role of the TCA cycle from energy production to synthesis of cell components. The secondary metabolic pathways of phytoalexin synthesis and of sulfur-dependent detoxification were activated by upregulation of the genes encoding amino acid metabolizing enzymes located at the branch point between primary and secondary metabolism. Coordinated gene expression could guide the metabolic pathway for accumulation of the sorghum-specific phytochemicals 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and dhurrin. Key enzymes for synthesizing these sorghum-specific phytochemicals were not found in the corresponding region of the rice genome. CONCLUSION Pathogen infection dramatically changed the expression of particular paralogs that putatively encode enzymes involved in the sorghum-specific metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mizuno
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Agrogenomics Research Center, 1-2, Kannondai 2-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahigashi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Agrogenomics Research Center, 1-2, Kannondai 2-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawahara
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Agrogenomics Research Center, 1-2, Kannondai 2-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanamori
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Agrogenomics Research Center, 1-2, Kannondai 2-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Jun Ogata
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Agrogenomics Research Center, 1-2, Kannondai 2-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Minami
- Mitsubishi Space Software Co. Ltd, Takezono 1-6-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan
| | - Takeshi Itoh
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Agrogenomics Research Center, 1-2, Kannondai 2-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Agrogenomics Research Center, 1-2, Kannondai 2-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Butnariu M. An analysis of Sorghum halepense's behavior in presence of tropane alkaloids from Datura stramonium extracts. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:75. [PMID: 22839364 PMCID: PMC3518826 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to quantify the allelopathic potential of Datura stramonium (Jimson weed). Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass) tolerance was assessed by germinating, seed and growing seedlings, dosing of photo-synthesis pigments, followed by treatment with D. stramonium extract tropane alkaloids. RESULTS Preliminary chemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids.The presence of alkaloids was confirmed through HPLC-UV system analysis. Various concentrations of analytic purity alkaloids had similar effects on germination and development of S. halepense's root systems with those of extracts from of D. stramonium. Germination was not affected by any of the tested extracts, but growth was inhibited by the presence of tropane alkaloids. Extracts had effects at higher alkaloid concentrations. Seedlings of S. halepense developed toxicity symptoms in the presence of alkaloid extracts, but the occurrence of several chlorotic and necrotic areas was noticed in the flower extract biotest. CONCLUSIONS Results show that the tested species is sensitive to alkaloids in their growth environment. This research justifies the fact that aqueous extracts from D. stramonium are adequate to the situations in which S. halepense becomes damaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Butnariu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, no, 119, Timisoara, 300645, Romania.
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McNeill CA, Liburd OE, Chase CA. Effect of Cover Crops on Aphids, Whiteflies, and Their Associated Natural Enemies in Organic Squash. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10440046.2011.611586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rimando AM, Pan Z, Polashock JJ, Dayan FE, Mizuno CS, Snook ME, Liu CJ, Baerson SR. In planta production of the highly potent resveratrol analogue pterostilbene via stilbene synthase and O-methyltransferase co-expression. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:269-83. [PMID: 21902799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol and related stilbenes are thought to play important roles in defence responses in several plant species and have also generated considerable interest as nutraceuticals owing to their diverse health-promoting properties. Pterostilbene, a 3,5-dimethylether derivative of resveratrol, possesses properties similar to its parent compound and, additionally, exhibits significantly higher fungicidal activity in vitro and superior pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. Recombinant enzyme studies carried out using a previously characterized O-methyltransferase sequence from Sorghum bicolor (SbOMT3) demonstrated its ability to catalyse the A ring-specific 3,5-bis-O-methylation of resveratrol, yielding pterostilbene. A binary vector was constructed for the constitutive co-expression of SbOMT3 with a stilbene synthase sequence from peanut (AhSTS3) and used for the generation of stably transformed tobacco and Arabidopsis plants, resulting in the accumulation of pterostilbene in both species. A reduced floral pigmentation phenotype observed in multiple tobacco transformants was further investigated by reversed-phase HPLC analysis, revealing substantial decreases in both dihydroquercetin-derived flavonoids and phenylpropanoid-conjugated polyamines in pterostilbene-producing SbOMT3/AhSTS3 events. These results demonstrate the potential utility of this strategy for the generation of pterostilbene-producing crops and also underscore the need for the development of additional approaches for minimizing concomitant reductions in key phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes M Rimando
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS, USA
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Santos I, Silva CD, Santos SD, Maia M. Sorgoleone: benzoquinona lipídica de sorgo com efeitos alelopáticos na agricultura como herbicida. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-16572012000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A cultura do sorgo cresceu rapidamente nestes últimos anos, por ser uma planta com características xerófilas, apresentando um aumento de sua produção principalmente na região nordeste devido a sua capacidade de suportar ambientes de cultivo mais secos. As ervas daninhas são um grande problema para os cultivares, pois estas podem reduzir significativamente a produção de grãos, particularmente quando surgem nas fases iniciais das culturas. Visando a obtenção de culturas resistentes às ervas daninhas, estudos têm sido realizados demonstrando que algumas plantas possuem uma defesa natural que consiste na capacidade de um organismo produzir metabólitos que atuam inibindo ou o crescimento ou o desenvolvimento de outros organismos que estão próximos; a esta capacidade dá-se o nome de alelopatia. O sorgo é uma das plantas que possuem sua alelopatia comprovada, produzindo um complexo de substâncias lipídicas e proteínas denominados genericamente de sorgoleone, tendo como seu principal composto o 2-hidroxi-5-metoxi-3-[(Z,Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatrieno]-p-benzoquinona, que é naturalmente liberado para o solo a partir dos tricomas das suas raízes e, no momento em que entram em contato com as ervas daninhas, inibem seu crescimento. Devido a tais características inerentes à cultura do sorgo, este trabalho tem como objetivo discorrer sobre os possíveis benefícios do uso desse cereal devido a sua comprovada alelopatia, bem como informar os conhecidos mecanismos de produção e atuação dos principais compostos constituintes do sorgoleone produzidos pelas suas raízes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M.M.D. Maia
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil
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35
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Uddin MR, Park WT, Kim YK, Pyon JY, Park SU. Effects of auxins on sorgoleone accumulation and genes for sorgoleone biosynthesis in sorghum roots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12948-12953. [PMID: 22087851 DOI: 10.1021/jf2024402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sorgoleone is a major component of the hydrophobic root exudate of Sorghum bicolor and is of particular interest to plant chemical ecology as well as agriculture. Sorgoleone was evaluated in this study to observe the expression levels of genes involved in its biosynthesis in response to auxins. Sorgoleone content varied widely according to the duration of application and the concentrations of the auxins. When the application time was increased, the sorgoleone content increased accordingly for all concentrations of IBA (1, 3, and 5 mg/L) and at 1 mg/L for both IAA and NAA. In this study, five different sorgoleone biosynthetic genes were observed, namely DES2, DES3, ARS1, ARS2, and OMT3, which are upregulated in response to IAA, IBA, and NAA. Transcript accumulation was apparent for all genes, but particularly for DES2, which increased up to 475-fold and 180-fold following 72 h exposure to NAA and IBA, respectively, compared to no treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Romij Uddin
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Inderjit, Wardle DA, Karban R, Callaway RM. The ecosystem and evolutionary contexts of allelopathy. Trends Ecol Evol 2011; 26:655-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Enhancing Sorgoleone Levels in Grain Sorghum Root Exudates. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:914-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dayan FE, Rimando AM, Pan Z, Baerson SR, Gimsing AL, Duke SO. Sorgoleone. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1032-9. [PMID: 20385394 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorgoleone, a major component of the hydrophobic root exudate of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], is one of the most studied allelochemicals. The exudate also contains an equivalent amount of a lipid resorcinol analog as well as a number of minor sorgoleone congeners. Synthesis of sorgoleone is constitutive and compartmentalized within root hairs, which can accumulate up to 20 microg of exudate/mg root dry weight. The biosynthesis pathway involves unique fatty acid desaturases which produce an atypical 16:3 fatty acyl-CoA starter unit for an alkylresorcinol synthase that catalyzes the formation of a pentadecatrienylresorcinol intermediate. This intermediate is then methylated by SAM-dependent O-methyltransferases and dihydroxylated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. An EST data set derived from a S. bicolor root hair-specific cDNA library contained all the candidate sequences potentially encoding enzymes involved in the sorgoleone biosynthetic pathway. Sorgoleone interferes with several molecular target sites, including inhibition of photosynthesis in germinating seedlings. Sorgoleone is not translocated acropetally in older plants, but can be absorbed through the hypocotyl and cotyledonary tissues. Therefore, the mode of action of sorgoleone may be the result of inhibition of photosynthesis in young seedlings in concert with inhibition of its other molecular target sites in older plants. Due to its hydrophobic nature, sorgoleone is strongly sorbed in soil which increases its persistence, but experiments show that it is mineralized by microorganisms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck E Dayan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, P.O. Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Cook D, Rimando AM, Clemente TE, Schröder J, Dayan FE, Nanayakkara ND, Pan Z, Noonan BP, Fishbein M, Abe I, Duke SO, Baerson SR. Alkylresorcinol synthases expressed in Sorghum bicolor root hairs play an essential role in the biosynthesis of the allelopathic benzoquinone sorgoleone. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:867-87. [PMID: 20348430 PMCID: PMC2861460 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.072397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum bicolor is considered to be an allelopathic crop species, producing phytotoxins such as the lipid benzoquinone sorgoleone, which likely accounts for many of the allelopathic properties of Sorghum spp. Current evidence suggests that sorgoleone biosynthesis occurs exclusively in root hair cells and involves the production of an alkylresorcinolic intermediate (5-[(Z,Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatrienyl]resorcinol) derived from an unusual 16:3Delta(9,12,15) fatty acyl-CoA starter unit. This led to the suggestion of the involvement of one or more alkylresorcinol synthases (ARSs), type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) that produce 5-alkylresorcinols using medium to long-chain fatty acyl-CoA starter units via iterative condensations with malonyl-CoA. In an effort to characterize the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the pentadecyl resorcinol intermediate, a previously described expressed sequence tag database prepared from isolated S. bicolor (genotype BTx623) root hairs was first mined for all PKS-like sequences. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that three of these sequences were preferentially expressed in root hairs, two of which (designated ARS1 and ARS2) were found to encode ARS enzymes capable of accepting a variety of fatty acyl-CoA starter units in recombinant enzyme studies. Furthermore, RNA interference experiments directed against ARS1 and ARS2 resulted in the generation of multiple independent transformant events exhibiting dramatically reduced sorgoleone levels. Thus, both ARS1 and ARS2 are likely to participate in the biosynthesis of sorgoleone in planta. The sequences of ARS1 and ARS2 were also used to identify several rice (Oryza sativa) genes encoding ARSs, which are likely involved in the production of defense-related alkylresorcinols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cook
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Agnes M. Rimando
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Thomas E. Clemente
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Joachim Schröder
- Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biologie II, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franck E. Dayan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - N.P. Dhammika Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Brice P. Noonan
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Mark Fishbein
- Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Stephen O. Duke
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Scott R. Baerson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
- Address correspondence to
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Bhuiya MW, Liu CJ. Engineering monolignol 4-O-methyltransferases to modulate lignin biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:277-85. [PMID: 19875443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.036673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer derived from the oxidative coupling of three classical monolignols. Lignin precursors are methylated exclusively at the meta-positions (i.e. 3/5-OH) of their phenyl rings by native O-methyltransferases, and are precluded from substitution of the para-hydroxyl (4-OH) position. Ostensibly, the para-hydroxyls of phenolics are critically important for oxidative coupling of phenoxy radicals to form polymers. Therefore, creating a 4-O-methyltransferase to substitute the para-hydroxyl of monolignols might well interfere with the synthesis of lignin. The phylogeny of plant phenolic O-methyltransferases points to the existence of a batch of evolutionarily "plastic" amino acid residues. Following one amino acid at a time path of directed evolution, and using the strategy of structure-based iterative site-saturation mutagenesis, we created a novel monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase from the enzyme responsible for methylating phenylpropenes. We show that two plastic residues in the active site of the parental enzyme are vital in dominating substrate discrimination. Mutations at either one of these separate the evolutionarily tightly linked properties of substrate specificity and regioselective methylation of native O-methyltransferase, thereby conferring the ability for para-methylation of the lignin monomeric precursors, primarily monolignols. Beneficial mutations at both sites have an additive effect. By further optimizing enzyme activity, we generated a triple mutant variant that may structurally constitute a novel phenolic substrate binding pocket, leading to its high binding affinity and catalytic efficiency on monolignols. The 4-O-methoxylation of monolignol efficiently impairs oxidative radical coupling in vitro, highlighting the potential for applying this novel enzyme in managing lignin polymerization in planta.
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Duke SO, Dayan FE, Bajsa J, Meepagala KM, Hufbauer RA, Blair AC. The case against (-)-catechin involvement in allelopathy of Centaurea stoebe (spotted knapweed). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:422-424. [PMID: 19816095 PMCID: PMC2676754 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.5.8273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Proving allelopathic chemical interference is a daunting endeavor, in that production and movement of a phytotoxin from a donor plant to a receiving plant must be demonstrated in the substrate in which the plants grow, which is usually a complex soil matrix. The soil levels or soil flux levels of the compound generated by the donor must be proven to be sufficient to adversely affect the receiving plant. Reports of (-)-catechin to be the novel weapon used by Centaurea stoebe (spotted knapweed) to invade new territories are not supported by the paper featured in this Addendum, nor by papers produced by two other laboratories. These papers find that (-)-catechin levels in soil in which C. stoebe grows are orders of magnitude below levels that cause only minor growth effects on reported sensitive species. Furthermore, the claim that (-)-catechin acts as a phytotoxin through causing oxidative damage is refuted by the fact that the molecule is a strong antioxidant and is quickly degraded by extracellular root enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Oxford, MI, USA.
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Inderjit, von Dahl CC, Baldwin IT. Use of silenced plants in allelopathy bioassays: a novel approach. PLANTA 2009; 229:569-75. [PMID: 19034496 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Volatile phytohormones or other chemicals can affect processes in distal plant parts but may also influence neighboring plants, and thereby function allelopathically. While this hypothesis has been widely discussed, rigorous tests are lacking. Transgenic plants, silenced in the production of an emitted chemical, are ideal tools to test the hypothesis that the release of a chemical can negatively influence the growth of neighbors (allelopathy). We used isogenic wild type (WT) and genetically transformed plants that lacked the ability to produce ethylene (ir-aco), as both "emitters" and "receivers" of this volatile phytohormone in experiments where receiver plants were only exposed to the headspace of WT or ir-aco emitters, in order to evaluate if natural ethylene releases can function allelopathically. Root growth (a proxy of plant fitness) of WT receivers correlated negatively with the number of WT emitters and headspace ethylene concentrations. Reducing ethylene concentrations in the headspace with the ethylene scrubber, KMnO(4), and using ir-aco seedlings as emitters restored root growth of WT receiver seedlings. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ethylene biosynthesis substrate) supplementation to WT but not ir-aco emitters inhibited root growth of ir-aco, but not WT receivers, suggesting increased sensitivity to exogenous ethylene of ir-aco seedlings. We conclude that plants genetically silenced in the production of a putative allelochemical are useful in determining if the emitted chemical functions allelopathically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjit
- University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Bhuiya MW, Liu CJ. A cost-effective colorimetric assay for phenolic O-methyltransferases and characterization of caffeate 3-O-methyltransferases from Populus trichocarpa. Anal Biochem 2009; 384:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dayan FE, Howell J, Weidenhamer JD. Dynamic root exudation of sorgoleone and its in planta mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:2107-17. [PMID: 19357432 PMCID: PMC2682501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The oily droplets exuded from the root hairs of sorghum are composed of a 1:1 ratio of sorgoleone and its lipid resorcinol analogue. The production of these droplets appears to be suppressed when c. 20 microg of exudate mg(-1) root dry weight accumulates at the tip of the root hairs. However, more exudate is produced following gentle washing of the roots with water, suggesting that the biosynthesis of lipid benzoquinones and resorcinols is a dynamic process. Sorgoleone interferes with several molecular target sites, including photosynthetic electron transport, in in vitro assays. However, the in planta mechanism of action of sorgoleone remains controversial because it is not clear whether this lipid benzoquinone exuding from the roots of sorghum is taken up by roots of the receiving plants and translocated to their foliage where it must enter the chloroplast and inhibit PSII in the thylakoid membrane. Experiments designed to test the in planta mode of action of sorgoleone demonstrated that it has no effect on the photosynthesis of older plants, but inhibits photosynthesis in germinating seedlings. Sorgoleone is not translocated acropetally in older plants, but can be absorbed through the hypocotyl and cotyledonary tissues. Therefore, the mode of action of sorgoleone may be the result of inhibition of photosynthesis in young seedlings in concert with inhibition of its other molecular target sites in older plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck E Dayan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Baerson SR, Rimando AM, Pan Z. Probing allelochemical biosynthesis in sorghum root hairs. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2008; 3:667-70. [PMID: 19704820 PMCID: PMC2634551 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.9.5779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathic interaction between plants is thought to involve the release of phytotoxic allelochemicals by one species, thus inhibiting the growth of neighboring species in competition for limited resources. Sorgoleone represents one of the more potent allelochemicals characterized to date, and its prolific production in root hair cells of Sorghum spp. has made the investigation of its biosynthetic pathway ideally-suited for functional genomics investigations. Through the use of a recently-released EST data set generated from isolated Sorghum bicolor root hair cells, significant inroads have been made toward the identification of genes and the corresponding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of this compound in root hairs. Here we provide additional information concerning our recent report on the identification of a 5-n-alk(en) ylresorcinol utilizing O-methyltransferase, as well as other key enzymes likely to participate in the biosynthesis of this important allelochemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Baerson
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; University, Mississippi USA
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Ghosh R, Chhabra A, Phatale PA, Samrat SK, Sharma J, Gosain A, Mohanty D, Saran S, Gokhale RS. Dissecting the functional role of polyketide synthases in Dictyostelium discoideum: biosynthesis of the differentiation regulating factor 4-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:11348-54. [PMID: 18252726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709588200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum exhibits the largest repository of polyketide synthase (PKS) proteins of all known genomes. However, the functional relevance of these proteins in the biology of this organism remains largely obscure. On the basis of computational, biochemical, and gene expression studies, we propose that the multifunctional Dictyostelium PKS (DiPKS) protein DiPKS1 could be involved in the biosynthesis of the differentiation regulating factor 4-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol (MPBD). Our cell-free reconstitution studies of a novel acyl carrier protein Type III PKS didomain from DiPKS1 revealed a crucial role of protein-protein interactions in determining the final biosynthetic product. Whereas the Type III PKS domain by itself primarily produces acyl pyrones, the presence of the interacting acyl carrier protein domain modulates the catalytic activity to produce the alkyl resorcinol scaffold of MPBD. Furthermore, we have characterized an O-methyltransferase (OMT12) from Dictyostelium with the capability to modify this resorcinol ring to synthesize a variant of MPBD. We propose that such a modification in vivo could in fact provide subtle variations in biological function and specificity. In addition, we have performed systematic computational analysis of 45 multidomain PKSs, which revealed several unique features in DiPKS proteins. Our studies provide a new perspective in understanding mechanisms by which metabolic diversity could be generated by combining existing functional scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Ghosh
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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