1
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Wang B, Zhou R, Wu J, Kim H, Kim K. Inhibition of δ-catenin palmitoylation slows the progression of prostate cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119741. [PMID: 38697304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death in males. It has been reported that δ-catenin expression is upregulated during the late stage of prostate cancer. Palmitoylation promotes protein transport to the cytomembrane and regulates protein localization and function. However, the effect of δ-catenin palmitoylation on the regulation of cancer remains unknown. In this study, we utilized prostate cancer cells overexpressing mutant δ-catenin (J6A cells) to induce a depalmitoylation phenotype and investigate its effect on prostate cancer. Our results indicated that depalmitoylation of δ-catenin not only reduced its membrane expression but also promoted its degradation in the cytoplasm, resulting in a decrease in the effect of EGFR and E-cadherin signaling. Consequently, depalmitoylation of δ-catenin reduced the proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Our findings provide novel insights into potential therapeutic strategies for controlling the progression of prostate cancer through palmitoylation-based targeting of δ-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Varlı M, Bhosle SR, Kim E, Yang Y, Taş İ, Zhou R, Pulat S, Gamage CDB, Park SY, Ha HH, Kim H. Usnic Acid Targets 14-3-3 Proteins and Suppresses Cancer Progression by Blocking Substrate Interaction. JACS AU 2024; 4:1521-1537. [PMID: 38665668 PMCID: PMC11040559 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The anticancer therapeutic effects of usnic acid (UA), a lichen secondary metabolite, have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of UA remains to be clarified. In this study, the target protein of UA was identified using a UA-linker-Affi-Gel molecule, which showed that UA binds to the 14-3-3 protein. UA binds to 14-3-3, causing the degradation of proteasomal and autophagosomal proteins. The interaction of UA with 14-3-3 isoforms modulated cell invasion, cell cycle progression, aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and the Akt/mTOR, JNK, STAT3, NF-κB, and AP-1 signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. A peptide inhibitor of 14-3-3 blocked or regressed the activity of UA and inhibited its effects. The results suggest that UA binds to 14-3-3 isoforms and suppresses cancer progression by affecting 14-3-3 targets and phosphorylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Varlı
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh R. Bhosle
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 146 Chosundae-gil, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - İsa Taş
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chathurika D. B. Gamage
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
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3
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Tan CX, Bindu DS, Hardin EJ, Sakers K, Baumert R, Ramirez JJ, Savage JT, Eroglu C. δ-Catenin controls astrocyte morphogenesis via layer-specific astrocyte-neuron cadherin interactions. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202303138. [PMID: 37707499 PMCID: PMC10501387 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes control the formation of specific synaptic circuits via cell adhesion and secreted molecules. Astrocyte synaptogenic functions are dependent on the establishment of their complex morphology. However, it is unknown if distinct neuronal cues differentially regulate astrocyte morphogenesis. δ-Catenin was previously thought to be a neuron-specific protein that regulates dendrite morphology. We found δ-catenin is also highly expressed by astrocytes and required both in astrocytes and neurons for astrocyte morphogenesis. δ-Catenin is hypothesized to mediate transcellular interactions through the cadherin family of cell adhesion proteins. We used structural modeling and biochemical analyses to reveal that δ-catenin interacts with the N-cadherin juxtamembrane domain to promote N-cadherin surface expression. An autism-linked δ-catenin point mutation impaired N-cadherin cell surface expression and reduced astrocyte complexity. In the developing mouse cortex, only lower-layer cortical neurons express N-cadherin. Remarkably, when we silenced astrocytic N-cadherin throughout the cortex, only lower-layer astrocyte morphology was disrupted. These findings show that δ-catenin controls astrocyte-neuron cadherin interactions that regulate layer-specific astrocyte morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christabel Xin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Evelyn J. Hardin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristina Sakers
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ryan Baumert
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Juan J. Ramirez
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin T. Savage
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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4
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Vaz R, Edwards S, Dueñas-Rey A, Hofmeister W, Lindstrand A. Loss of ctnnd2b affects neuronal differentiation and behavior in zebrafish. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1205653. [PMID: 37465584 PMCID: PMC10351287 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1205653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta-catenin (CTNND2) is an adhesive junction associated protein belonging to the family of p120 catenins. The human gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 5, the region deleted in Cri-du-chat syndrome (OMIM #123450). Heterozygous loss of CTNND2 has been linked to a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability. Here we studied how heterozygous loss of ctnnd2b affects zebrafish embryonic development, and larvae and adult behavior. First, we observed a disorganization of neuronal subtypes in the developing forebrain, namely the presence of ectopic isl1-expressing cells and a local reduction of GABA-positive neurons in the optic recess region. Next, using time-lapse analysis, we found that the disorganized distribution of is1l-expressing forebrain neurons resulted from an increased specification of Isl1:GFP neurons. Finally, we studied the swimming patterns of both larval and adult heterozygous zebrafish and observed an increased activity compared to wildtype animals. Overall, this data suggests a role for ctnnd2b in the differentiation cascade of neuronal subtypes in specific regions of the vertebrate brain, with repercussions in the animal's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Edwards
- Department of Applied Physics and Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Dueñas-Rey
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Hofmeister
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Kouchi Z, Kojima M. A Structural Network Analysis of Neuronal ArhGAP21/23 Interactors by Computational Modeling. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19249-19264. [PMID: 37305272 PMCID: PMC10249030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RhoGTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) play multiple roles in neuronal development; however, details of their substrate recognition system remain elusive. ArhGAP21 and ArhGAP23 are RhoGAPs that contain N-terminal PDZ and pleckstrin homology domains. In the present study, the RhoGAP domain of these ArhGAPs was computationally modeled by template-based methods and the AlphaFold2 software program, and their intrinsic RhoGTPase recognition mechanism was analyzed from the domain structures using the protein docking programs HADDOCK and HDOCK. ArhGAP21 was predicted to preferentially catalyze Cdc42, RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, and RhoG and to downregulate RhoD and Tc10 activities. Regarding ArhGAP23, RhoA and Cdc42 were deduced to be its substrates, whereas RhoD downregulation was predicted to be less efficient. The PDZ domains of ArhGAP21/23 possess the FTLRXXXVY sequence, and similar globular folding consists of antiparalleled β-sheets and two α-helices that are conserved with PDZ domains of MAST-family proteins. A peptide docking analysis revealed the specific interaction of the ArhGAP23 PDZ domain with the PTEN C-terminus. The pleckstrin homology domain structure of ArhGAP23 was also predicted, and the functional selectivity for the interactors regulated by the folding and disordered domains in ArhGAP21 and ArhGAP23 was examined by an in silico analysis. An interaction analysis of these RhoGAPs revealed the existence of mammalian ArhGAP21/23-specific type I and type III Arf- and RhoGTPase-regulated signaling. Multiple recognition systems of RhoGTPase substrates and selective Arf-dependent localization of ArhGAP21/23 may form the basis of the functional core signaling necessary for synaptic homeostasis and axon/dendritic transport regulated by RhoGAP localization and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen Kouchi
- Department
of Genetics, Institute for Developmental
Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai-city 480-0392 Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Kojima
- Laboratory
of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
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6
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Donta MS, Srivastava Y, Di Mauro CM, Paulucci-Holthauzen A, Waxham MN, McCrea PD. p120-catenin subfamily members have distinct as well as shared effects on dendrite morphology during neuron development in vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1151249. [PMID: 37082208 PMCID: PMC10112520 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1151249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic arborization is essential for proper neuronal connectivity and function. Conversely, abnormal dendrite morphology is associated with several neurological pathologies like Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Among major intrinsic mechanisms that determine the extent of the dendritic arbor is cytoskeletal remodeling. Here, we characterize and compare the impact of the four proteins involved in cytoskeletal remodeling-vertebrate members of the p120-catenin subfamily-on neuronal dendrite morphology. In relation to each of their own distributions, we find that p120-catenin and delta-catenin are expressed at relatively higher proportions in growth cones compared to ARVCF-catenin and p0071-catenin; ARVCF-catenin is expressed at relatively high proportions in the nucleus; and all catenins are expressed in dendritic processes and the soma. Through altering the expression of each p120-subfamily catenin in neurons, we find that exogenous expression of either p120-catenin or delta-catenin correlates with increased dendritic length and branching, whereas their respective depletion decreases dendritic length and branching. While increasing ARVCF-catenin expression also increases dendritic length and branching, decreasing expression has no grossly observable morphological effect. Finally, increasing p0071-catenin expression increases dendritic branching, but not length, while decreasing expression decreases dendritic length and branching. These distinct localization patterns and morphological effects during neuron development suggest that these catenins have both shared and distinct roles in the context of dendrite morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxsam S. Donta
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yogesh Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina M. Di Mauro
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - M. Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: M. Neal Waxham,
| | - Pierre D. McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Pierre D. McCrea,
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7
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Linseman DA, Lu Q. Editorial: Rho family GTPases and their effectors in neuronal survival and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1161072. [PMID: 36896267 PMCID: PMC9989285 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1161072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Linseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Qun Lu
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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8
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Donta MS, Srivastava Y, McCrea PD. Delta-Catenin as a Modulator of Rho GTPases in Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:939143. [PMID: 35860313 PMCID: PMC9289679 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.939143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Rho GTPases are molecular switches that are involved in multiple processes including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. These GTPases are activated (turned on) and inactivated (turned off) through various upstream effector molecules to carry out many cellular functions. One such upstream modulator of small Rho GTPase activity is delta-catenin, which is a protein in the p120-catenin subfamily that is enriched in the central nervous system. Delta-catenin affects small GTPase activity to assist in the developmental formation of dendrites and dendritic spines and to maintain them once they mature. As the dendritic arbor and spine density are crucial for synapse formation and plasticity, delta-catenin’s ability to modulate small Rho GTPases is necessary for proper learning and memory. Accordingly, the misregulation of delta-catenin and small Rho GTPases has been implicated in several neurological and non-neurological pathologies. While links between delta-catenin and small Rho GTPases have yet to be studied in many contexts, known associations include some cancers, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Cri-du-chat syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Drawing from established studies and recent discoveries, this review explores how delta-catenin modulates small Rho GTPase activity. Future studies will likely elucidate how PDZ proteins that bind delta-catenin further influence small Rho GTPases, how delta-catenin may affect small GTPase activity at adherens junctions when bound to N-cadherin, mechanisms behind delta-catenin’s ability to modulate Rac1 and Cdc42, and delta-catenin’s ability to modulate small Rho GTPases in the context of diseases, such as cancer and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxsam S. Donta
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Science Center Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Maxsam S. Donta,
| | - Yogesh Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pierre D. McCrea
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Science Center Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Science Center Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX, United States
- Pierre D. McCrea,
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9
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Guiler W, Koehler A, Boykin C, Lu Q. Pharmacological Modulators of Small GTPases of Rho Family in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:661612. [PMID: 34054432 PMCID: PMC8149604 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.661612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Rho GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, are members of the Ras small GTPase superfamily and play essential roles in a variety of cellular functions. Rho GTPase signaling can be turned on and off by specific GEFs and GAPs, respectively. These features empower Rho GTPases and their upstream and downstream modulators as targets for scientific research and therapeutic intervention. Specifically, significant therapeutic potential exists for targeting Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases due to their widespread cellular activity and alterations in neural tissues. This study will explore the roles of Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases with focus on the applications of pharmacological modulators in recent discoveries. There have been exciting developments of small molecules, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and natural products and toxins for each classical Rho GTPase category. A brief overview of each category followed by examples in their applications will be provided. The literature on their roles in various diseases [e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS)] highlights the unique and broad implications targeting Rho GTPases for potential therapeutic intervention. Clearly, there is increasing knowledge of therapeutic promise from the discovery of pharmacological modulators of Rho GTPases for managing and treating these conditions. The progress is also accompanied by the recognition of complex Rho GTPase modulation where targeting its signaling can improve some aspects of pathogenesis while exacerbating others in the same disease model. Future directions should emphasize the importance of elucidating how different Rho GTPases work in concert and how they produce such widespread yet different cellular responses during neurodegenerative disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurogenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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10
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Baumert R, Ji H, Paulucci-Holthauzen A, Wolfe A, Sagum C, Hodgson L, Arikkath J, Chen X, Bedford MT, Waxham MN, McCrea PD. Novel phospho-switch function of delta-catenin in dendrite development. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152151. [PMID: 33007084 PMCID: PMC7534926 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurons, dendrites form the major sites of information receipt and integration. It is thus vital that, during development, the dendritic arbor is adequately formed to enable proper neural circuit formation and function. While several known processes shape the arbor, little is known of those that govern dendrite branching versus extension. Here, we report a new mechanism instructing dendrites to branch versus extend. In it, glutamate signaling activates mGluR5 receptors to promote Ckd5-mediated phosphorylation of the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of delta-catenin. The phosphorylation state of this motif determines delta-catenin's ability to bind either Pdlim5 or Magi1. Whereas the delta:Pdlim5 complex enhances dendrite branching at the expense of elongation, the delta:Magi1 complex instead promotes lengthening. Our data suggest that these complexes affect dendrite development by differentially regulating the small-GTPase RhoA and actin-associated protein Cortactin. We thus reveal a "phospho-switch" within delta-catenin, subject to a glutamate-mediated signaling pathway, that assists in balancing the branching versus extension of dendrites during neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Baumert
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Aaron Wolfe
- Computational Biology and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cari Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Xiaojiang Chen
- Computational Biology and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX.,Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX.,Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX
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11
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Ji B, Skup M. Roles of palmitoylation in structural long-term synaptic plasticity. Mol Brain 2021; 14:8. [PMID: 33430908 PMCID: PMC7802216 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are important cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory processes. N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTP and LTD play especially crucial roles in these functions, and their expression depends on changes in the number and single channel conductance of the major ionotropic glutamate receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) located on the postsynaptic membrane. Structural changes in dendritic spines comprise the morphological platform and support for molecular changes in the execution of synaptic plasticity and memory storage. At the molecular level, spine morphology is directly determined by actin cytoskeleton organization within the spine and indirectly stabilized and consolidated by scaffold proteins at the spine head. Palmitoylation, as a uniquely reversible lipid modification with the ability to regulate protein membrane localization and trafficking, plays significant roles in the structural and functional regulation of LTP and LTD. Altered structural plasticity of dendritic spines is also considered a hallmark of neurodevelopmental disorders, while genetic evidence strongly links abnormal brain function to impaired palmitoylation. Numerous studies have indicated that palmitoylation contributes to morphological spine modifications. In this review, we have gathered data showing that the regulatory proteins that modulate the actin network and scaffold proteins related to AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission also undergo palmitoylation and play roles in modifying spine architecture during structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjun Ji
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Skup
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Adegbola A, Lutz R, Nikkola E, Strom SP, Picker J, Wynshaw-Boris A. Disruption of CTNND2, encoding delta-catenin, causes a penetrant attention deficit disorder and myopia. HGG ADVANCES 2020; 1:100007. [PMID: 33718894 PMCID: PMC7948131 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2020.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology and genetic mechanisms. A balanced chromosomal translocation interrupts CTNND2 in several members of a family with profound attentional deficit and myopia, and disruption of the gene was found in a separate unrelated individual with ADHD and myopia. CTNND2 encodes a brain-specific member of the adherens junction complex essential for postsynaptic and dendritic development, a site of potential pathophysiology in attentional disorders. Therefore, we propose that the severe and highly penetrant nature of the ADHD phenotype in affected individuals identifies CTNND2 as a potential gateway to ADHD pathophysiology similar to the DISC1 translocation in psychosis or AUTS2 in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidemi Adegbola
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Richard Lutz
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Picker
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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13
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Ligon C, Seong E, Schroeder EJ, DeKorver NW, Yuan L, Chaudoin TR, Cai Y, Buch S, Bonasera SJ, Arikkath J. δ-Catenin engages the autophagy pathway to sculpt the developing dendritic arbor. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10988-11001. [PMID: 32554807 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the dendritic arbor in pyramidal neurons is critical for neural circuit function. Here, we uncovered a pathway in which δ-catenin, a component of the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex, promotes coordination of growth among individual dendrites and engages the autophagy mechanism to sculpt the developing dendritic arbor. Using a rat primary neuron model, time-lapse imaging, immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy, we found that apical and basolateral dendrites are coordinately sculpted during development. Loss or knockdown of δ-catenin uncoupled this coordination, leading to retraction of the apical dendrite without altering basolateral dendrite dynamics. Autophagy is a key cellular pathway that allows degradation of cellular components. We observed that the impairment of the dendritic arbor resulting from δ-catenin knockdown could be reversed by knockdown of autophagy-related 7 (ATG7), a component of the autophagy machinery. We propose that δ-catenin regulates the dendritic arbor by coordinating the dynamics of individual dendrites and that the autophagy mechanism may be leveraged by δ-catenin and other effectors to sculpt the developing dendritic arbor. Our findings have implications for the management of neurological disorders, such as autism and intellectual disability, that are characterized by dendritic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Ligon
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eunju Seong
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ethan J Schroeder
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nicholas W DeKorver
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tammy R Chaudoin
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Stephen J Bonasera
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jyothi Arikkath
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University, Washington, D. C., USA
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14
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Li M, Nopparat J, Aguilar BJ, Chen YH, Zhang J, Du J, Ai X, Luo Y, Jiang Y, Boykin C, Lu Q. Intratumor δ-catenin heterogeneity driven by genomic rearrangement dictates growth factor dependent prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:4358-4374. [PMID: 32313227 PMCID: PMC10493073 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Only a small number of genes are bona fide oncogenes and tumor suppressors such as Ras, Myc, β-catenin, p53, and APC. However, targeting these cancer drivers frequently fail to demonstrate sustained cancer remission. Tumor heterogeneity and evolution contribute to cancer resistance and pose challenges for cancer therapy due to differential genomic rearrangement and expression driving distinct tumor responses to treatments. Here we report that intratumor heterogeneity of Wnt/β-catenin modulator δ-catenin controls individual cell behavior to promote cancer. The differential intratumor subcellular localization of δ-catenin mirrors its compartmentalization in prostate cancer xenograft cultures as result of mutation-rendered δ-catenin truncations. Wild-type and δ-catenin mutants displayed distinct protein interactomes that highlight rewiring of signal networks. Localization specific δ-catenin mutants influenced p120ctn-dependent Rho GTPase phosphorylation and shifted cells towards differential bFGF-responsive growth and motility, a known signal to bypass androgen receptor dependence. Mutant δ-catenin promoted Myc-induced prostate tumorigenesis while increasing bFGF-p38 MAP kinase signaling, β-catenin-HIF-1α expression, and the nuclear size. Therefore, intratumor δ-catenin heterogeneity originated from genetic remodeling promotes prostate cancer expansion towards androgen independent signaling, supporting a neomorphism model paradigm for targeting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
- Department of Urological Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jongdee Nopparat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
- Department of Anatomy, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Byron J. Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
| | - Yan-hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ai
- Dept. of Urology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urological Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christi Boykin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
- Department of Urological Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
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15
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Ryu T, Park HJ, Kim H, Cho YC, Kim BC, Jo J, Seo YW, Choi WS, Kim K. Improved memory and reduced anxiety in δ-catenin transgenic mice. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:22-31. [PMID: 30981806 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
δ-Catenin is abundant in the brain and affects its synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, loss of δ-catenin is related to the deficits of learning and memory, mental retardation (cri-du-chat syndrome), and autism. A few studies about δ-catenin deficiency mice were performed. However, the effect of δ-catenin overexpression in the brain has not been investigated as yet. Therefore we generated a δ-catenin overexpressing mouse model. To generate a transgenic mouse model overexpressing δ-catenin in the brain, δ-catenin plasmid having a Thy-1 promotor was microinjected in C57BL/6 mice. Our results showed δ-catenin transgenic mice expressed higher levels of N-cadherin, β-catenin, and p120-catenin than did wild type mice. Furthermore, δ-catenin transgenic mice exhibited better object recognition, better sociability, and lower anxiety than wild type mice. However, both mice groups showed a similar pattern in locomotion tests. Although δ-catenin transgenic mice show similar locomotion, they show improved sociability and reduced anxiety. These characteristics are opposite to the symptoms of autism or mental retardation, which are caused when δ-catenin is deficient. These results suggest that δ-catenin may alleviate symptoms of autism, Alzheimer's disease and mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyong Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwnagju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Jo
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwnagju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Seo
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Dai W, Ryu T, Kim H, Jin YH, Cho YC, Kim K. Effects of δ-Catenin on APP by Its Interaction with Presenilin-1. Mol Cells 2019; 42:36-44. [PMID: 30622228 PMCID: PMC6354058 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent age-related human neurological disorder. The characteristics of AD include senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and loss of synapses and neurons in the brain. β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptide is the predominant proteinaceous component of senile plaques. The amyloid hypothesis states that Aβ initiates the cascade of events that result in AD. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing plays an important role in Aβ production, which initiates synaptic and neuronal damage. δ-Catenin is known to be bound to presenilin-1 (PS-1), which is the main component of the γ-secretase complex that regulates APP cleavage. Because PS-1 interacts with both APP and δ-catenin, it is worth studying their interactive mechanism and/or effects on each other. Our immunoprecipitation data showed that there was no physical association between δ-catenin and APP. However, we observed that δ-catenin could reduce the binding between PS-1 and APP, thus decreasing the PS-1 mediated APP processing activity. Furthermore, δ-catenin reduced PS-1-mediated stabilization of APP. The results suggest that δ-catenin can influence the APP processing and its level by interacting with PS-1, which may eventually play a protective role in the degeneration of an Alzheimer's disease patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Dai
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Taeyong Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922,
Korea
| | - Yun Hye Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
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17
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Pal M, Bhattacharya S, Kalyan G, Hazra S. Cadherin profiling for therapeutic interventions in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and tumorigenesis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:137-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Yuan L, Singh D, Buescher JL, Arikkath J. A role for proteolytic regulation of δ-catenin in remodeling a subpopulation of dendritic spines in the rodent brain. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11625-11638. [PMID: 29875160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural wiring and activity are essential for proper brain function and behavioral outputs and rely on mechanisms that guide the formation, elimination, and remodeling of synapses. During development, it is therefore vital that synaptic densities and architecture are tightly regulated to allow for appropriate neural circuit formation and function. δ-Catenin, a component of the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex, has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of synaptic density and function in the developing central neurons. In this study, we identified forms of δ-catenin that include only the N-terminal (DcatNT) or the C-terminal (DcatCT) regions. We found that these δ-catenin forms are differentially expressed in different regions of the male mouse brain. Our results also indicated that in rat primary cortical culture, these forms are generated in an activity-dependent manner by Ca2+-dependent and calpain-mediated cleavage of δ-catenin or in an activity-independent but lysosome-dependent manner. Functionally, loss of the domain containing the calpain-cleavage sites allowing for generation of DcatCT and DcatNT perturbed the density of a subpopulation of dendritic protrusions in rat hippocampal neurons. This subpopulation likely included protrusions that are either in transition toward becoming mature mushroom spines or in the process of being eliminated. By influencing this subpopulation of spines, proteolytic processing of δ-catenin can likely regulate the balance between mature and immature dendritic protrusions in coordination with neural activity. We conclude that by undergoing cleavage, δ-catenin differentially regulates the densities of subpopulations of dendritic spines and contributes to proper neural circuit wiring in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198; Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Dipika Singh
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - James L Buescher
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Jyothi Arikkath
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198; Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198.
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19
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Zhang P, Schaefer-Klein J, Cheville JC, Vasmatzis G, Kovtun IV. Frequently rearranged and overexpressed δ-catenin is responsible for low sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to androgen receptor and β-catenin antagonists. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24428-24442. [PMID: 29849951 PMCID: PMC5966253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of prostate cancer (PCa) progression towards the hormone refractory state remains poorly understood. Treatment options for such patients are limited and present a major clinical challenge. Previously, δ-catenin was reported to promote PCa cell growth in vitro and its increased level is associated with PCa progression in vivo. In this study we show that re-arrangements at Catenin Delta 2 (CTNND2) locus, including gene duplications, are very common in clinically significant PCa and may underlie δ-catenin overexpression. We find that δ-catenin in PCa cells exists in a complex with E-cadherin, p120, and α- and β-catenin. Increased expression of δ-catenin leads to its further stabilization as well as upregulation and stabilization of its binding partners. Resistant to degradation and overexpressed δ-catenin isoform activates Wnt signaling pathway by increasing the level of nuclear β-catenin and subsequent stimulation of Tcf/Lef transcription targets. Evaluation of responses to treatments, with androgen receptor (AR) antagonist and β-catenin inhibitors revealed that cells with high levels of δ-catenin are more resistant to killing with single agent treatment than matched control cells. We show that combination treatment targeting both AR and β-catenin networks is more effective in suppressing tumor growth than targeting a single network. In conclusion, targeting clinically significant PCa with high levels of δ–catenin with anti-androgen and anti β-catenin combination therapy may prevent progression of the disease to a castration-resistant state and, thus, represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyan Zhang
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - John C Cheville
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Molecular Medicine and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Irina V Kovtun
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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20
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Shrestha N, Shrestha H, Ryu T, Kim H, Simkhada S, Cho YC, Park SY, Cho S, Lee KY, Lee JH, Kim K. δ-Catenin Increases the Stability of EGFR by Decreasing c-Cbl Interaction and Enhances EGFR/Erk1/2 Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Mol Cells 2018; 41:320-330. [PMID: 29629558 PMCID: PMC5935102 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
δ-Catenin, a member of the p120-catenin subfamily of armadillo proteins, reportedly increases during the late stage of prostate cancer. Our previous study demonstrates that δ-catenin increases the stability of EGFR in prostate cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism behind δ-catenin-mediated enhanced stability of EGFR was not explored. In this study, we hypothesized that δ-catenin enhances the protein stability of EGFR by inhibiting its lysosomal degradation that is mediated by c-casitas b-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), a RING domain E3 ligase. c-Cbl monoubiquitinates EGFR and thus facilitates its internalization, followed by lysosomal degradation. We observed that δ-catenin plays a key role in EGFR stability and downstream signaling. δ-Catenin competes with c-Cbl for EGFR binding, which results in a reduction of binding between c-Cbl and EGFR and thus decreases the ubiquitination of EGFR. This in turn increases the expression of membrane bound EGFR and enhances EGFR/Erk1/2 signaling. Our findings add a new perspective on the role of δ-catenin in enhancing EGFR/Erk1/2 signaling-mediated prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nensi Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hridaya Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Taeyong Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea
| | - Shishli Simkhada
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea
| | - Sayeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Kwang-Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Lee
- Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital & Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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21
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Huang C, Verhulst S, Shen Y, Bu Y, Cao Y, He Y, Wang Y, Huang D, Cai C, Rao K, Liao DF, Jin J, Cao D. AKR1B10 promotes breast cancer metastasis through integrin α5/δ-catenin mediated FAK/Src/Rac1 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43779-43791. [PMID: 27248472 PMCID: PMC5190059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is not expressed in normal breast, but upregulated in primary and metastatic breast cancers, being a negative prognostic factor. This study characterized the molecular mechanisms of AKR1B10-promoted breast cancer metastasis. Ectopic expression of AKR1B10 in breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 or siRNA-mediated silencing in BT-20 cells affected cell adhesion, migration and invasion in cell culture, and metastasis to the lung in the nude mice through upregulation of integrin α5 and δ-catenin. Silencing of integrin α5 or δ-catenin eradicated the cell adhesion and migration enhanced by AKR1B10, both of which acted synergistically. In these cells, the integrin α5 mediated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway was activated by AKR1B10, which, along with δ-catenin, stimulated Rac1-mediated cell migration and movement. In human primary and lymph node metastatic breast cancer, AKR1B10, integrin α5 and δ-catenin were correlatively upregulated with r=0.645 (p<0.0001) and r=0.796 (p<0.0001), respectively. These data suggest that AKR1B10 promotes breast cancer metastasis through activation of the integrin α5 and δ-catenin mediated FAK/Src/Rac1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Steven Verhulst
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Yiwen Bu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Yingchun He
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Chun Cai
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Krishna Rao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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22
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Cornell B, Toyo-Oka K. 14-3-3 Proteins in Brain Development: Neurogenesis, Neuronal Migration and Neuromorphogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:318. [PMID: 29075177 PMCID: PMC5643407 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved, multifunctional proteins that are highly expressed in the brain during development. Cumulatively, the seven 14-3-3 isoforms make up approximately 1% of total soluble brain protein. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated implicating the importance of the 14-3-3 protein family in the development of the nervous system, in particular cortical development, and have more recently been recognized as key regulators in a number of neurodevelopmental processes. In this review we will discuss the known roles of each 14-3-3 isoform in the development of the cortex, their relation to human neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the challenges and questions that are left to be answered. In particular, we focus on the 14-3-3 isoforms and their involvement in the three key stages of cortical development; neurogenesis and differentiation, neuronal migration and neuromorphogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Cornell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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Yuan L, Arikkath J. Functional roles of p120ctn family of proteins in central neurons. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 69:70-82. [PMID: 28603076 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cadherin-catenin complex in central neurons is associated with a variety of cytosolic partners, collectively called catenins. The p120ctn members are a family of catenins that are distinct from the more ubiquitously expressed α- and β-catenins. It is becoming increasingly clear that the functional roles of the p120ctn family of catenins in central neurons extend well beyond their functional roles in non-neuronal cells in partnering with cadherin to regulate adhesion. In this review, we will provide an overview of the p120ctn family in neurons and their varied functional roles in central neurons. Finally, we will examine the emerging roles of this family of proteins in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States; Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, Durham Research Center II, Room 3031, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5960, United States.
| | - Jyothi Arikkath
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, Durham Research Center II, Room 3031, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5960, United States.
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Lithium increases synaptic GluA2 in hippocampal neurons by elevating the δ-catenin protein. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:426-433. [PMID: 27793771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li+) is a drug widely employed for treating bipolar disorder, however the mechanism of action is not known. Here we study the effects of Li+ in cultured hippocampal neurons on a synaptic complex consisting of δ-catenin, a protein associated with cadherins whose mutation is linked to autism, and GRIP, an AMPA receptor (AMPAR) scaffolding protein, and the AMPAR subunit, GluA2. We show that Li+ elevates the level of δ-catenin in cultured neurons. δ-catenin binds to the ABP and GRIP proteins, which are synaptic scaffolds for GluA2. We show that Li+ increases the levels of GRIP and GluA2, consistent with Li+-induced elevation of δ-catenin. Using GluA2 mutants, we show that the increase in surface level of GluA2 requires GluA2 interaction with GRIP. The amplitude but not the frequency of mEPSCs was also increased by Li+ in cultured hippocampal neurons, confirming a functional effect and consistent with AMPAR stabilization at synapses. Furthermore, animals fed with Li+ show elevated synaptic levels of δ-catenin, GRIP, and GluA2 in the hippocampus, also consistent with the findings in cultured neurons. This work supports a model in which Li+ stabilizes δ-catenin, thus elevating a complex consisting of δ-catenin, GRIP and AMPARs in synapses of hippocampal neurons. Thus, the work suggests a mechanism by which Li+ can alter brain synaptic function that may be relevant to its pharmacologic action in treatment of neurological disease.
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Lu Q, Aguilar BJ, Li M, Jiang Y, Chen YH. Genetic alterations of δ-catenin/NPRAP/Neurojungin (CTNND2): functional implications in complex human diseases. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1107-16. [PMID: 27380241 PMCID: PMC5021578 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some genes involved in complex human diseases are particularly vulnerable to genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphism, copy number variations, and mutations. For example, Ras mutations account for over 30 % of all human cancers. Additionally, there are some genes that can display different variations with functional impact in different diseases that are unrelated. One such gene stands out: δ-catenin/NPRAP/Neurojungin with gene designation as CTNND2 on chromosome 5p15.2. Recent advances in genome wide association as well as molecular biology approaches have uncovered striking involvement of δ-catenin gene variations linked to complex human disorders. These disorders include cancer, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, Cri-du-chat syndrome, myopia, cortical cataract-linked Alzheimer's disease, and infectious diseases. This list has rapidly grown longer in recent years, underscoring the pivotal roles of δ-catenin in critical human diseases. δ-Catenin is an adhesive junction-associated protein in the delta subfamily of the β-catenin superfamily. δ-Catenin functions in Wnt signaling to regulate gene expression and modulate Rho GTPases of the Ras superfamily in cytoskeletal reorganization. δ-Catenin likely lies where Wnt signaling meets Rho GTPases and is a unique and vulnerable common target for mutagenesis in different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Department of Urological Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Byron J Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Urological Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
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Shrestha H, Yuan T, He Y, Moon PG, Shrestha N, Ryu T, Park SY, Cho YC, Lee CH, Baek MC, Cho S, Simkhada S, Kim H, Kim K. Investigation of the molecular mechanism of δ-catenin ubiquitination: Implication of β-TrCP-1 as a potential E3 ligase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2311-21. [PMID: 27316454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, involves the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to the target protein. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the endosome-lysosome pathway control the degradation of the majority of eukaryotic proteins. Our previous study illustrated that δ-catenin ubiquitination occurs in a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) phosphorylation-dependent manner. However, the molecular mechanism of δ-catenin ubiquitination is still unknown. Here, we show that the lysine residues required for ubiquitination are located mainly in the C-terminal portion of δ-catenin. In addition, we provide evidence that β-TrCP-1 interacts with δ-catenin and functions as an E3 ligase, mediating δ-catenin ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Furthermore, we prove that both the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the lysosome degradation pathway are involved in δ-catenin degradation. Our novel findings on the mechanism of δ-catenin ubiquitination will add a new perspective to δ-catenin degradation and the effects of δ-catenin on E-cadherin involved in epithelial cell-cell adhesion, which is implicated in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridaya Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Tingting Yuan
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongfeng He
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyong-Gon Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Nensi Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyong Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Shishli Simkhada
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Nguyen TT, Jeong MH, Crişan F, Yu YH, Ha HH, Choi KH, Jeong HG, Jeong TC, Lee KY, Kim KK, Hur JS, Kim H. Inhibitory Activity of (+)-Usnic Acid against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Motility. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146575. [PMID: 26751081 PMCID: PMC4708991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms that produce various unique chemicals that can be used for pharmaceutical purposes. With the aim of screening new anti-cancer agents that inhibit cancer cell motility, we tested the inhibitory activity of seven lichen species collected from the Romanian Carpathian Mountains against migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells and further investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-metastatic activity. Among them, Alectoria samentosa, Flavocetraria nivalis, Alectoria ochroleuca, and Usnea florida showed significant inhibitory activity against motility of human lung cancer cells. HPLC results showed that usnic acid is the main compound in these lichens, and (+)-usnic acid showed similar inhibitory activity that crude extract have. Mechanistically, β-catenin-mediated TOPFLASH activity and KITENIN-mediated AP-1 activity were decreased by (+)-usnic acid treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The quantitative real-time PCR data showed that (+)-usnic acid decreased the mRNA level of CD44, Cyclin D1 and c-myc, which are the downstream target genes of both β-catenin/LEF and c-jun/AP-1. Also, Rac1 and RhoA activities were decreased by treatment with (+)-usnic acid. Interestingly, higher inhibitory activity for cell invasion was observed when cells were treated with (+)-usnic acid and cetuximab. These results implied that (+)-usnic acid might have potential activity in inhibition of cancer cell metastasis, and (+)-usnic acid could be used for anti-cancer therapy with a distinct mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam
| | - Min-Hye Jeong
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Florin Crişan
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Young Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HK); (JSH)
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HK); (JSH)
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Abstract
The small size of dendritic spines belies the elaborate role they play in excitatory synaptic transmission and ultimately complex behaviors. The cytoskeletal architecture of the spine is predominately composed of actin filaments. These filaments, which at first glance might appear simple, are also surprisingly complex. They dynamically assemble into different structures and serve as a platform for orchestrating the elaborate responses of the spine during spinogenesis and experience-dependent plasticity. Multiple mutations associated with human neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders involve genes that encode regulators of the synaptic cytoskeleton. A major, unresolved question is how the disruption of specific actin filament structures leads to the onset and progression of complex synaptic and behavioral phenotypes. This review will cover established and emerging mechanisms of actin cytoskeletal remodeling and how this influences specific aspects of spine biology that are implicated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott H Soderling
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Yang Y, Park SY, Nguyen TT, Yu YH, Nguyen TV, Sun EG, Udeni J, Jeong MH, Pereira I, Moon C, Ha HH, Kim KK, Hur JS, Kim H. Lichen Secondary Metabolite, Physciosporin, Inhibits Lung Cancer Cell Motility. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137889. [PMID: 26371759 PMCID: PMC4570789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens produce various unique chemicals that can be used for pharmaceutical purposes. To screen for novel lichen secondary metabolites showing inhibitory activity against lung cancer cell motility, we tested acetone extracts of 13 lichen samples collected in Chile. Physciosporin, isolated from Pseudocyphellaria coriacea (Hook f. & Taylor) D.J. Galloway & P. James, was identified as an effective compound and showed significant inhibitory activity in migration and invasion assays against human lung cancer cells. Physciosporin treatment reduced both protein and mRNA levels of N-cadherin with concomitant decreases in the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers such as snail and twist. Physciosporin also suppressed KITENIN (KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin)-mediated AP-1 activity in both the absence and presence of epidermal growth factor stimulation. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of the metastasis suppressor gene, KAI1, was increased while that of the metastasis enhancer gene, KITENIN, was dramatically decreased by physciosporin. Particularly, the activity of 3’-untranslated region of KITENIN was decreased by physciosporin. Moreover, Cdc42 and Rac1 activities were decreased by physciosporin. These results demonstrated that the lichen secondary metabolite, physciosporin, inhibits lung cancer cell motility through novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam
| | - Young Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
| | - Tru Van Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Gene Sun
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 500–872, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayalal Udeni
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hye Jeong
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
| | - Iris Pereira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 747–721, Chile
| | - Cheol Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 500–872, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HK); (J-SH)
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540–950, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HK); (J-SH)
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30
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Yamamoto Y, Koma H, Yagami T. Hydrogen peroxide mediated the neurotoxicity of an antibody against plasmalemmal neuronspecific enolase in primary cortical neurons. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Xue G, Zippelius A, Wicki A, Mandala M, Tang F, Massi D, Hemmings BA. Integrated Akt/PKB Signaling in Immunomodulation and Its Potential Role in Cancer Immunotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv171. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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32
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Turner TN, Sharma K, Oh EC, Liu YP, Collins RL, Sosa MX, Auer DR, Brand H, Sanders SJ, Moreno-De-Luca D, Pihur V, Plona T, Pike K, Soppet DR, Smith MW, Cheung SW, Martin CL, State MW, Talkowski ME, Cook E, Huganir R, Katsanis N, Chakravarti A. Loss of δ-catenin function in severe autism. Nature 2015; 520:51-6. [PMID: 25807484 PMCID: PMC4383723 DOI: 10.1038/nature14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Autism is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder affecting more males than females; consequently, under a multifactorial genetic hypothesis, females are affected only when they cross a higher biological threshold. We hypothesize that deleterious variants at conserved residues are enriched in severely affected patients arising from FEMFs (female-enriched multiplex families) with severe disease, enhancing the detection of key autism genes in modest numbers of cases. We show the utility of this strategy by identifying missense and dosage sequence variants in the gene encoding the adhesive junction-associated delta catenin protein (CTNND2) in FEMFs and demonstrating their loss-of-function effect by functional analyses in zebrafish embryos and cultured hippocampal neurons from wildtype and Ctnnd2 null mouse embryos. Finally, through gene expression and network analyses, we highlight a critical role for CTNND2 in neuronal development and an intimate connection to chromatin biology. Our data contribute to the understanding of the genetic architecture of autism and suggest that genetic analyses of phenotypic extremes, such as FEMFs, are of innate value in multifactorial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tychele N Turner
- 1] Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Edwin C Oh
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Yangfan P Liu
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Ryan L Collins
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Maria X Sosa
- 1] Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Dallas R Auer
- 1] Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- 1] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- 1] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Moreno-De-Luca
- 1] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Vasyl Pihur
- 1] Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Teri Plona
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Kristen Pike
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Daniel R Soppet
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Michael W Smith
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Christa Lese Martin
- 1] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Autism &Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA
| | - Matthew W State
- 1] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- 1] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 USA
| | - Edwin Cook
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, USA
| | - Richard Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- 1] Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Nopparat J, Zhang J, Lu JP, Chen YH, Zheng D, Neufer PD, Fan JM, Hong H, Boykin C, Lu Q. δ-Catenin, a Wnt/β-catenin modulator, reveals inducible mutagenesis promoting cancer cell survival adaptation and metabolic reprogramming. Oncogene 2015; 34:1542-52. [PMID: 24727894 PMCID: PMC4197123 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has essential roles in development and cancer. Although β-catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations are well established and are known to drive tumorigenesis, discoveries of mutations in other components of the pathway lagged, which hinders the understanding of cancer mechanisms. Here we report that δ-catenin (gene designation: CTNND2), a primarily neural member of the β-catenin superfamily that promotes canonical Wnt/β-catenin/LEF-1-mediated transcription, displays exonic mutations in human prostate cancer and promotes cancer cell survival adaptation and metabolic reprogramming. When overexpressed in cells derived from prostate tumor xenografts, δ-catenin gene invariably gives rise to mutations, leading to sequence disruptions predicting functional alterations. Ectopic δ-catenin gene integrating into host chromosomes is locus nonselective. δ-Catenin mutations promote tumor development in mouse prostate with probasin promoter (ARR2PB)-driven, prostate-specific expression of Myc oncogene, whereas mutant cells empower survival advantage upon overgrowth and glucose deprivation. Reprogramming energy utilization accompanies the downregulation of glucose transporter-1 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage while preserving tumor type 2 pyruvate kinase expression. δ-Catenin mutations increase β-catenin translocation to the nucleus and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression. Therefore, introducing δ-catenin mutations is an important milestone in prostate cancer metabolic adaptation by modulating β-catenin and HIF-1α signaling under glucose shortage to amplify its tumor-promoting potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nopparat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - J-P Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y-H Chen
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA [2] Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA [3] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D Zheng
- 1] Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA [2] East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - P D Neufer
- 1] Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA [2] East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA [3] Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - J M Fan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - H Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - C Boykin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Q Lu
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA [2] Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA [3] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Friedman LG, Benson DL, Huntley GW. Cadherin-based transsynaptic networks in establishing and modifying neural connectivity. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 112:415-65. [PMID: 25733148 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is tacitly understood that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are critically important for the development of cells, circuits, and synapses in the brain. What is less clear is what CAMs continue to contribute to brain structure and function after the early period of development. Here, we focus on the cadherin family of CAMs to first briefly recap their multidimensional roles in neural development and then to highlight emerging data showing that with maturity, cadherins become largely dispensible for maintaining neuronal and synaptic structure, instead displaying new and narrower roles at mature synapses where they critically regulate dynamic aspects of synaptic signaling, structural plasticity, and cognitive function. At mature synapses, cadherins are an integral component of multiprotein networks, modifying synaptic signaling, morphology, and plasticity through collaborative interactions with other CAM family members as well as a variety of neurotransmitter receptors, scaffolding proteins, and other effector molecules. Such recognition of the ever-evolving functions of synaptic cadherins may yield insight into the pathophysiology of brain disorders in which cadherins have been implicated and that manifest at different times of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Friedman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Deanna L Benson
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - George W Huntley
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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14-3-3ε and ζ regulate neurogenesis and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells in the developing brain. J Neurosci 2014; 34:12168-81. [PMID: 25186760 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2513-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During brain development, neural progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate into neural precursors. These neural precursors migrate along the radial glial processes and localize at their final destination in the cortex. Numerous reports have revealed that 14-3-3 proteins are involved in many neuronal activities, although their functions in neurogenesis remain unclear. Here, using 14-3-3ε/ζ double knock-out mice, we found that 14-3-3 proteins are important for proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the cortex, resulting in neuronal migration defects and seizures. 14-3-3 deficiency resulted in the increase of δ-catenin and the decrease of β-catenin and αN-catenin. 14-3-3 proteins regulated neuronal differentiation into neurons via direct interactions with phosphorylated δ-catenin to promote F-actin formation through a catenin/Rho GTPase/Limk1/cofilin signaling pathway. Conversely, neuronal migration defects seen in the double knock-out mice were restored by phosphomimic Ndel1 mutants, but not δ-catenin. Our findings provide new evidence that 14-3-3 proteins play important roles in neurogenesis and neuronal migration via the regulation of distinct signaling cascades.
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Miller NLG, Kleinschmidt EG, Schlaepfer DD. RhoGEFs in cell motility: novel links between Rgnef and focal adhesion kinase. Curr Mol Med 2014; 14:221-34. [PMID: 24467206 DOI: 10.2174/1566524014666140128110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanine exchange factors (GEFs) are a large, diverse family of proteins defined by their ability to catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP on small GTPase proteins such as Rho family members. GEFs act as integrators from varied intra- and extracellular sources to promote spatiotemporal activity of Rho GTPases that control signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and movement. Here we review recent studies elucidating roles of RhoGEF proteins in cell motility. Emphasis is placed on Dbl-family GEFs and connections to development, integrin signaling to Rho GTPases regulating cell adhesion and movement, and how these signals may enhance tumor progression. Moreover, RhoGEFs have additional domains that confer distinctive functions or specificity. We will focus on a unique interaction between Rgnef (also termed Arhgef28 or p190RhoGEF) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that controls migration properties of normal and tumor cells. This Rgnef-FAK interaction activates canonical GEF-dependent RhoA GTPase activity to govern contractility and also functions as a scaffold in a GEF-independent manner to enhance FAK activation. Recent studies have also brought to light the importance of specific regions within the Rgnef pleckstrin homology (PH) domain for targeting the membrane. As revealed by ongoing Rgnef-FAK investigations, exploring GEF roles in cancer will yield fundamental new information on the molecular mechanisms promoting tumor spread and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D D Schlaepfer
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Reproductive Medicine, MC 0803, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
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Palmitoylation of δ-catenin by DHHC5 mediates activity-induced synapse plasticity. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:522-32. [PMID: 24562000 PMCID: PMC5025286 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic cadherin adhesion complexes are known to be key regulators of synapse plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate activity-induced modifications in cadherin localization and adhesion and subsequent changes in synapse morphology and efficacy, remain unanswered. We demonstrate that the intracellular cadherin binding protein, δ-catenin, is transiently palmitoylated by DHHC5 following enhanced synaptic activity, and that palmitoylation increases δ-catenin/cadherin interactions at synapses. Both the palmitoylation of δ-catenin and its binding to cadherin are required for activity-induced stabilization of N-cadherin at synapses, the enlargement of postsynaptic spines, as well as insertion of GluA1 and GluA2 subunits into the synaptic membrane and the concomitant increase in mEPSC amplitude. Importantly, context-dependent fear conditioning in mice results in increased δ-catenin palmitoylation as well as increased δ-catenin/cadherin associations at hippocampal synapses. Together, this suggests a role for palmitoylated δ-catenin in coordinating activity-dependent changes in synaptic adhesion molecules, synapse structure, and receptor localization that are involved in memory formation.
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p120 catenin: an essential regulator of cadherin stability, adhesion-induced signaling, and cancer progression. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 116:409-32. [PMID: 23481205 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394311-8.00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
p120 catenin is the best studied member of a subfamily of proteins that associate with the cadherin juxtamembrane domain to suppress cadherin endocytosis. p120 also recruits the minus ends of microtubules to the cadherin complex, leading to junction maturation. In addition, p120 regulates the activity of Rho family GTPases through multiple interactions with Rho GEFs, GAPs, Rho GTPases, and their effectors. Nuclear signaling is affected by the interaction of p120 with Kaiso, a transcription factor regulating Wnt-responsive genes as well as transcriptionally repressing methylated promoters. Multiple alternatively spliced p120 isoforms and complex phosphorylation events affect these p120 functions. In cancer, reduced p120 expression correlates with reduced E-cadherin function and with tumor progression. In contrast, in tumor cells that have lost E-cadherin expression, p120 promotes cell invasion and anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, p120 is required for Src-induced oncogenic transformation and provides a potential target for future therapeutic interventions.
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He Y, Han JR, Chang O, Oh M, James SE, Lu Q, Seo YW, Kim H, Kim K. 14-3-3ɛ/ζ Affects the stability of δ-catenin and regulates δ-catenin-induced dendrogenesis. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 3:16-21. [PMID: 23772369 PMCID: PMC3668525 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that aberrant regulation of δ-catenin leads to pathological consequences such as mental retardation and cognitive dysfunction. This study revealed that 14-3-3ɛ/ζ stabilizes δ-catenin, with different binding regions involved in the interaction. Furthermore, the specific inhibition of the interaction of 14-3-3 with δ-catenin reduced levels of δ-catenin and significantly impaired the capacity of δ-catenin to induce dendritic branching in both NIH3T3 fibroblasts and primary hippocampal neurons. However, the S1094A δ-catenin mutant, which cannot interact with 14-3-3ζ, still retained the capability of inducing dendrogenesis. Taken together, these results elucidate the underlying events that regulate the stability of δ-catenin and δ-catenin-induced dendrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng He
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis. Various cadherin-related molecules have also been identified, which show diverse functions, not only for the regulation of cell adhesion but also for that of cell proliferation and planar cell polarity. During the past decade, understanding of the roles of these molecules in the nervous system has significantly progressed. They are important not only for the development of the nervous system but also for its functions and, in turn, for neural disorders. In this review, we discuss the roles of cadherins and related molecules in neural development and function in the vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hirano
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Kochi Medical School, Okoh-cho Kohasu, Nankoku-City 783–8505, Japan.
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41
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Expression and biological role of δ-catenin in human ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1769-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Foote M, Zhou Y. 14-3-3 proteins in neurological disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 3:152-164. [PMID: 22773956 PMCID: PMC3388734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins were originally discovered as a family of proteins that are highly expressed in the brain. Through interactions with a multitude of binding partners, 14-3-3 proteins impact many aspects of brain function including neural signaling, neuronal development and neuroprotection. Although much remains to be learned and understood, 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders based on evidence from both clinical and laboratory studies. Here we will review previous and more recent research that has helped us understand the roles of 14-3-3 proteins in both neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Foote
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Penzes P, Cahill ME. Deconstructing signal transduction pathways that regulate the actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2012; 69:426-41. [PMID: 22307832 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the sites of most excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that spines function independently of each other, and they are currently the smallest known processing units in the brain. Spines exist in an array of morphologies, and spine structure helps dictate synaptic function. Dendritic spines are rich in actin, and actin rearrangements are critical regulators of spine morphology and density. In this review, we discuss the importance of actin in regulating dendritic spine morphogenesis, and discuss the upstream signal transduction pathways that either foster or inhibit actin polymerization. The understanding of actin regulatory pathways is best conceptualized as a hierarchical network in which molecules function in discrete levels defined by their molecular distance to actin. To this end, we focus on several classes of molecules, including guanine nucleotide exchange factors, small GTPases, small GTPase effectors, and actin binding proteins. We discuss how individual proteins in these molecular classes impact spine morphogenesis, and reveal the biochemical interactions in these networks that are responsible for shaping actin polymerization. Finally, we discuss the importance of these actin regulatory pathways in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Zhang JY, Zhang D, Wang EH. Overexpression of small GTPases directly correlates with expression of δ-catenin and their coexpression predicts a poor clinical outcome in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2011; 52:338-47. [PMID: 22213037 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
δ-catenin can affect cytoskeletal assembly, and promote cell migration by regulating the activity of small GTPases. While many malignancies have been shown to be positive for δ-catenin, it is still unclear whether δ-catenin and small GTPases are coexpressed in tumor cells, and so is the relationship between their coexpression and prognosis in the tumor patients. In this study, immunohistochemistry was performed to examine expressive levels of δ-catenin, cdc42, and Rac1 in 135 cases of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including 60 cases with follow-up records. Thirty samples of paired lung cancer tissues and adjacent normal lung tissues were collected to analyze mRNA and protein expression of δ-catenin and small GTPases. The effects of δ-catenin on small GTPases expression and invasive ability of lung cancer cells were also evaluated. Compared with normal lung tissues, both mRNA and protein levels of δ-catenin and small GTPases were increased in lung cancer tissues (P < 0.05), and the expression of small GTPases directly correlated with that of δ-catenin (P < 0.001). In addition, δ-catenin and small GTPases tended to be coexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, advanced stages, and primary tumors with lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). The patients with coexpression of δ-catenin and small GTPases had a shorter survival time than those without coexpression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, δ-catenin overexpression could enhance invasive ability of lung cancer cells by upregulating protein and transcriptional level of small GTPases. Therefore, δ-catenin likely upregulates the activity of small GTPases at transcriptional level, and their coexpression may predict a poor clinical outcome in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang M, Dong Q, Zhang D, Wang Y. Expression of delta-catenin is associated with progression of human astrocytoma. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:514. [PMID: 22151302 PMCID: PMC3262777 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background δ-Catenin (CTNND2), which encodes a scaffold protein in humans, has been found in a few malignancies. However, the expression pattern and contribution of δ-catenin to astrocytoma progression are unclear. Methods We investigated δ-catenin expression in human astrocytoma samples and its function in astrocytoma cell lines using immunohistochemistry, siRNA knockdown, transfection, MTT, transwell migration and Rac1 pulldown techniques. Results δ-Catenin protein expression was detected in cytoplasm of astrocytoma cells by immunohistochemistry. Analysis showed that grade I astrocytoma (0%, 0/11) and glial cells from normal brain tissue exhibited negative staining. δ-Catenin expression was significantly higher in grade III-IV (35%, 29/84) compared to grade II astrocytoma cells (18%, 11/61); p < 0.01). In addition, CTNND2 overexpression promoted proliferation, invasion and Rac1 activity of U251 astrocytoma cells. Treatment of δ-catenin-transfected cells with a Rac1 inhibitor decreased Rac1 activity and invasion. δ-Catenin knockdown in U87 glioblastoma cell decreased cell proliferation, invasion and Rac1 activity. Conclusion The results suggest that δ-catenin expression is associated with the malignant progression of astrocytoma and promotes astrocytoma cell invasion through upregulation of Rac1 activity. δ-Catenin expression levels may serve as a useful marker of the biological behavior of astrocytoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingHao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
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Human glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) expression modulates cell shape. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19990. [PMID: 21625605 PMCID: PMC3097243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) accelerates glycosphingolipid (GSL) intermembrane transfer via a unique lipid transfer/binding fold (GLTP-fold) that defines the GLTP superfamily and is the prototype for GLTP-like domains in larger proteins, i.e. phosphoinositol 4-phosphate adaptor protein-2 (FAPP2). Although GLTP-folds are known to play roles in the nonvesicular intracellular trafficking of glycolipids, their ability to alter cell phenotype remains unexplored. In the present study, overexpression of human glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) was found to dramatically alter cell phenotype, with cells becoming round between 24 and 48 h after transfection. By 48 h post transfection, ∼70% conversion to the markedly round shape was evident in HeLa and HEK-293 cells, but not in A549 cells. In contrast, overexpression of W96A-GLTP, a liganding-site point mutant with abrogated ability to transfer glycolipid, did not alter cell shape. The round adherent cells exhibited diminished motility in wound healing assays and an inability to endocytose cholera toxin but remained viable and showed little increase in apoptosis as assessed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. A round cell phenotype also was induced by overexpression of FAPP2, which binds/transfers glycolipid via its C-terminal GLTP-like fold, but not by a plant GLTP ortholog (ACD11), which is incapable of glycolipid binding/transfer. Screening for human protein partners of GLTP by yeast two hybrid screening and by immuno-pulldown analyses revealed regulation of the GLTP-induced cell rounding response by interaction with δ-catenin. Remarkably, while δ-catenin overexpression alone induced dendritic outgrowths, coexpression of GLTP along with δ-catenin accelerated transition to the rounded phenotype. The findings represent the first known phenotypic changes triggered by GLTP overexpression and regulated by direct interaction with a p120-catenin protein family member.
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Abstract
AD (Alzheimer's disease) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual loss of neurons and the accumulation of neurotoxic Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) and hyperphosphorylated tau. The discovery of mutations in three genes, PSEN1 (presenilin 1), PSEN2 (presenilin 2) and APP (amyloid precursor protein), in patients with FAD (familial AD) has made an important contribution towards an understanding of the disease aetiology; however, a complete molecular mechanism is still lacking. Both presenilins belong to the γ-secretase complex, and serve as the catalytic entity needed for the final cleavage of APP into Aβ. PSEN only functions within the γ-secretase complex through intra- and inter-molecular interactions with three other membrane components, including nicastrin, Aph-1 (anterior pharynx defective-1) and Pen-2 (PSEN enhancer-2). However, although the list of γ-secretase substrates is still expanding, other non-catalytic activities of presenilins are also increasing the complexity behind its molecular contribution towards AD. These γ-secretase-independent roles are so far mainly attributed to PSEN1, including the transport of membrane proteins, cell adhesion, ER (endoplasmic reticulum) Ca(2+) regulation and cell signalling. In the present minireview, we discuss the current understanding of the γ-secretase-independent roles of PSENs and their possible implications in respect of AD.
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Cucurbitacin IIa: a novel class of anti-cancer drug inducing non-reversible actin aggregation and inhibiting survivin independent of JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:781-9. [PMID: 21304528 PMCID: PMC3048206 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cucurbitacin (Cuc) and triterpene-derived natural products exhibit anti-cancer potential in addition to their conspicuous anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, inhibition of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling was shown to underlie the effects of Cuc family on inducing cell death in cancer. Method: We purified Cuc IIa, the active component from the medicinal plant Hemsleya amalils Diels, which shows different structural modifications from other Cuc derivatives. We investigated the mechanisms of its inhibitory effects on cancer cells in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. Results: Cuc IIa induced the irreversible clustering of filamentous actin and arrested cell cycle by the increases in G2/M populations. Cuc IIa resulted in the reduced phospho-Histone H3 and markedly increased cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase or PARP, immediate upstream of DNA breakdown as the result of caspase activation, consistent with mitotic blockage-induced cell death. However, unlike other Cuc members, Cuc IIa did not suppress JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation or alter phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Instead, the expression of the cell cycle-regulated Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) survivin was reduced. Introducing oncoprotein δ-catenin, which increased survivin expression and suppressed small GTPase RhoA, reduced efficacy of Cuc IIa to induce cell death. Supporting the effects of Cuc IIa on actin cytoskeletal signaling, RhoA phosphorylation was reduced suggesting its increased activity. Conclusion: Cuc IIa is a novel class of anti-cancer drug in suppression of cancer cell expansion by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and directing the cell to undergo PARP-mediated apoptosis through the inhibition of survivin downstream of JAK2/STAT3.
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Brigidi GS, Bamji SX. Cadherin-catenin adhesion complexes at the synapse. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2011; 21:208-14. [PMID: 21255999 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Classic cadherins function as key organizers during the formation and remodeling of synapses in the vertebrate central nervous system. Cadherins are Ca2+-dependent homophilic adhesion molecules whose adhesive strength can be regulated by conformational changes, through cadherin's association with intracellular binding proteins, and by the regulation of cadherin turnover and internalization. In this mini-review, we will highlight recent studies on the role of cadherins and their associated partners in regulating synaptic architecture. Moreover, we will discuss molecular mechanisms underlying cadherin turnover and the subsequent impact on synaptic connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stefano Brigidi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and the Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
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50
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Jeon CY, Jin JK, Koh YH, Chun W, Choi IG, Kown HJ, Kim YS, Park JB. Neurites from PC12 cells are connected to each other by synapse-like structures. Synapse 2010; 64:765-72. [PMID: 20698031 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PC12 cells have been used as a model of sympathetic neurons. Nerve growth factor (NGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and cAMP induce neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. cAMP induced a greater number of neurites than did NGF. In particular, we attempted to elucidate whether PC12 cell neurites, induced by several factors including NGF, bFGF, and cAMP, form synapses, and whether each neurite has presynaptic and postsynaptic properties. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we observed that neurites are connected to each other. The connected regions presented dense core vesicles and a clathrin-coated membrane invagination. In addition, typical maker proteins for axon and dendrite were identified by an immuno-staining method. Tau-1, an axonal marker in neurons, was localized at a high concentration in the terminal tips of neurites from PC12 cells, which were connected to neurite processes containing MAP-2, a dendritic marker in neurons. Furthermore, neurites containing SV2 and synaptotagmin, markers of synaptic vesicles, were in contact with neurites harboring drebrin, a marker of the postsynaptic membrane, suggesting that neurites from PC12 cells induced by NGF, bFGF, and cAMP may form synapse-like structures. Tat-C3 toxin, a Rho inhibitor, augmented neurite outgrowth induced by NGF, bFGF, and cAMP. Tat-C3 toxin together with neurotrophins also exhibited synapse-like structures between neurites. However, it remains to be studied whether RhoA inhibition plays a role in the formation of synapse-like structures in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-702, Republic of Korea
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