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Hu Y, Peng X. Single-cell sequencing reveals LRRc17-mediated modulation of cardiac fibroblast ferroptosis in regulating myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111293. [PMID: 38996956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the main causes of death in patients, but there is no effective treatment for myocardial fibrosis at present. Hence, it is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of fibrosis after MI and find therapeutic targets for regulating ventricular remodeling after MI. METHODS Differentially expressed gene analysis, weighted Gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene analysis in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were performed on the MI-related data (GSE153485 and GSE210159) from the GEO database to screen the hub genes related to ferroptosis in MI. After the establishment of MI model in vivo and in vitro, the myocardial CFs were observed by Masson staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, CCK-8, and Transwell, and the changes of LRRc17 and ferroptosis-related proteins were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The expression of ROS was detected by fluorescence dye method. RESULTS Three DEGs were identified in MI related to ferroptosis, among which LRRc17 was selected for subsequent study. In both in vitro and in vivo models of MI, we found a sustained downregulation of LRRc17 expression and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins GPX-4 and xCT, but increased ROS expression and enhanced migration and viability of CFs. After oe-LRRc17 treatment, the expression levels of GPX-4 and xCT were restored, while ROS levels were inhibited, and the migration and viability of CFs were inhibited. After treatment with ferroptosis inducer Erastin, there were down-regulated expressions of GPX-4 and xCT, increased expression of ROS, and enhanced migration and viability of CFs. CONCLUSION LRRc17 affects ventricular remodeling by mediating ferroptosis in CFs to regulate the degree of fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Torres MDT, Cesaro A, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Peptides from non-immune proteins target infections through antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.586636. [PMID: 38585860 PMCID: PMC10996515 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Encrypted peptides have been recently described as a new class of antimicrobial molecules. They have been proposed to play a role in host immunity and as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Intriguingly, many of these peptides are found embedded in proteins unrelated to the immune system, suggesting that immunological responses may extend beyond traditional host immunity proteins. To test this idea, here we synthesized and tested representative peptides derived from non-immune proteins for their ability to exert antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Our experiments revealed that most of the tested peptides from non-immune proteins, derived from structural proteins as well as proteins from the nervous and visual systems, displayed potent in vitro antimicrobial activity. These molecules killed bacterial pathogens by targeting their membrane, and those originating from the same region of the body exhibited synergistic effects when combined. Beyond their antimicrobial properties, nearly 90% of the peptides tested exhibited immunomodulatory effects, modulating inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. Moreover, eight of the peptides identified, collagenin 3 and 4, zipperin-1 and 2, and immunosin-2, 3, 12, and 13, displayed anti-infective efficacy in two different preclinical mouse models, reducing bacterial infections by up to four orders of magnitude. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that peptides from non-immune proteins may play a role in host immunity. These results potentially expand our notion of the immune system to include previously unrecognized proteins and peptides that may be activated upon infection to confer protection to the host.
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Albaugh SL, Diaz A, Wang E, Shen TC, Williams L, He TC, Reid RR. Systematic Review of Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis: Genomic Alterations and Impacted Signaling Pathways. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 153:383e-396e. [PMID: 37070824 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic research in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis remains limited compared with syndromic craniosynostosis. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively summarize the genetic literature of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and highlight key signaling pathways. METHODS The authors performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar databases from inception until December of 2021 using search terms related to nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and genetics. Two reviewers screened titles and abstract for relevance, and three reviewers independently extracted study characteristics and genetic data. Gene networks were constructed using Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (version 11) analysis. RESULTS Thirty-three articles published between 2001 and 2020 met inclusion criteria. Studies were further classified into candidate gene screening and variant identification studies ( n = 16), genetic expression studies ( n = 13), and common and rare variant association studies ( n = 4). Most studies were good quality. Using our curated list of 116 genes extracted from the studies, two main networks were constructed. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review concerns the genetics of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, with network construction revealing TGF-β/BMP, Wnt, and NF-κB/RANKL as important signaling pathways. Future studies should focus on rare rather than common variants to examine the missing heritability in this defect and, going forward, adopt a standard definition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Diaz
- From the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago
| | - Esther Wang
- From the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago
| | - Timothy C Shen
- From the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago
| | - Lydia Williams
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center
| | - Russell R Reid
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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Molinaro M, Torrente Y, Villa C, Farini A. Advancing Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Targets in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:631. [PMID: 38203802 PMCID: PMC10778889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence underscores the intricate interplay between the immune system and skeletal muscles in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), as well as during regular muscle regeneration. While immune cell infiltration into skeletal muscles stands out as a prominent feature in the disease pathophysiology, a myriad of secondary defects involving metabolic and inflammatory pathways persist, with the key players yet to be fully elucidated. Steroids, currently the sole effective therapy for delaying onset and symptom control, come with adverse side effects, limiting their widespread use. Preliminary evidence spotlighting the distinctive features of T cell profiling in DMD prompts the immuno-characterization of circulating cells. A molecular analysis of their transcriptome and secretome holds the promise of identifying a subpopulation of cells suitable as disease biomarkers. Furthermore, it provides a gateway to unraveling new pathological pathways and pinpointing potential therapeutic targets. Simultaneously, the last decade has witnessed the emergence of novel approaches. The development and equilibrium of both innate and adaptive immune systems are intricately linked to the gut microbiota. Modulating microbiota-derived metabolites could potentially exacerbate muscle damage through immune system activation. Concurrently, genome sequencing has conferred clinical utility for rare disease diagnosis since innovative methodologies have been deployed to interpret the functional consequences of genomic variations. Despite numerous genes falling short as clinical targets for MD, the exploration of Tdark genes holds promise for unearthing novel and uncharted therapeutic insights. In the quest to expedite the translation of fundamental knowledge into clinical applications, the identification of novel biomarkers and disease targets is paramount. This initiative not only advances our understanding but also paves the way for the design of innovative therapeutic strategies, contributing to enhanced care for individuals grappling with these incapacitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Molinaro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (Y.T.)
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Farini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (Y.T.)
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Zhang H, Yang G, Li J, Xiao L, Guo C, Wang Y. Impaired autophagy activity-induced abnormal differentiation of bone marrow stem cells is related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis osteopenia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2077-2085. [PMID: 36728938 PMCID: PMC10476821 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopenia has been well documented in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are a crucial regulator of bone homeostasis. Our previous study revealed a decreased osteogenic ability of BMSCs in AIS-related osteopenia, but the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. METHODS A total of 22 AIS patients and 18 age-matched controls were recruited for this study. Anthropometry and bone mass were measured in all participants. Bone marrow blood was collected for BMSC isolation and culture. Osteogenic and adipogenic induction were performed to observe the differences in the differentiation of BMSCs between the AIS-related osteopenia group and the control group. Furthermore, a total RNA was extracted from isolated BMSCs to perform RNA sequencing and subsequent analysis. RESULTS A lower osteogenic capacity and increased adipogenic capacity of BMSCs in AIS-related osteopenia were revealed. Differences in mRNA expression levels between the AIS-related osteopenia group and the control group were identified, including differences in the expression of LRRC17 , DCLK1 , PCDH7 , TSPAN5 , NHSL2 , and CPT1B . Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed several biological processes involved in the regulation of autophagy and mitophagy. The Western blotting results of autophagy markers in BMSCs suggested impaired autophagic activity in BMSCs in the AIS-related osteopenia group. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that BMSCs from AIS-related osteopenia patients have lower autophagic activity, which may be related to the lower osteogenic capacity and higher adipogenic capacity of BMSCs and consequently lead to the lower bone mass in AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guanteng Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lige Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chaofeng Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Wu Z, Zhu J, Wen Y, Lei P, Xie J, Shi H, Wu R, Lou X, Hu Y. Hmga1-overexpressing lentivirus protects against osteoporosis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22987. [PMID: 37555233 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300488r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with bone formation inhibition mediated by the impaired osteogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, identifying and confirming the essential genes in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and osteoporosis remain challenging. The study aimed at revealing the key gene that regulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and led to osteoporosis, thus exploring its therapeutic effect in osteoporosis. In the present study, six essential genes related to the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and osteoporosis were identified, namely, fibrillin 2 (Fbn2), leucine-rich repeat-containing 17 (Lrrc17), heat shock protein b7 (Hspb7), high mobility group AT-hook 1 (Hmga1), nexilin F-actin-binding protein (Nexn), and endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (Esm1). Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that Hmga1 expression was increased during the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs, while Hmga1 expression was decreased in the bone tissue of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Moreover, the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the number of mineralized nodules were increased after Hmga1 overexpression, which was partially reversed by a Wnt signaling inhibitor (DKK1). In addition, after injecting Hmga1-overexpressing lentivirus into the bone marrow cavity of OVX rats, the bone loss, and osteogenic differentiation inhibition of BMSCs in OVX rats were partially reversed, while osteoclast differentiation promotion of BMSCs in OVX rats was unaffected. Taken together, the present study confirms that Hmga1 prevents OVX-induced bone loss by the Wnt signaling pathway and reveals that Hmga1 is a potential gene therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinxian Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronghuan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Lou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Shen M, Li T, Feng Y, Wu P, Serrano BR, Barcenas AR, Qu L, Zhao W. Effects of quercetin on granulosa cells from prehierarchical follicles by modulating MAPK signaling pathway in chicken. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102736. [PMID: 37209658 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Que), widely found in a huge variety of plants, plays important roles in ovarian function. However, to data, there have been no reports about Que regulating granulosa cells (GCs) in prehierarchical follicles in chicken. Herein, GCs from follicles diameter from 4 to 8 mm in chicken were treated by Que in vitro culture to investigate how Que exerts its effect on follicular development. GCs treated by Que in concentrations of 10, 100, and 1,000 ng/mL were tested for cell proliferation and progesterone secretion. Eight cDNA libraries were constructed from GCs (4 samples per group) to explore transcriptome expression changes. The role of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was validated in this process. Treatment with 100 and 1,000 ng/mL levels of Que significantly promoted cell proliferation and progesterone secretion (P < 0.05). RNA-seq analysis data showed that 402 and 263 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis that the pathways related to follicular development included biosynthesis of amino acids, MAPK signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway. Notably, the function exerted in GCs of the different levels of Que was associated with the suppression of the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, our results proved that low levels of Que could promote MAPK signaling pathway, but high levels of Que inhibit MAPK signaling pathway in GCs from the prehierarchical follicles, promote cell proliferation and progesterone secretion, and benefit follicle selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Shen
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 225108, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 225108, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 225108, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 225108, China
| | | | | | - Liang Qu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 225108, China.
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Song D, Ha CZ, Xu Q, Hu YH. mRNA expression profiling of the cancellous bone in patients with idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by whole-transcriptome sequencing. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30213. [PMID: 36107565 PMCID: PMC9439785 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (INFH) seriously affects patients' activities and is a heavy burden to society and patients' families. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of INFH is essential in reducing pain and burden. In the present study, the cancellous bone under the cartilage of the femoral head was isolated from patients with INFH and femoral neck fracture (FNF). Histological examination revealed that the bone trabecular and the medullary cavity in the INFH group compared with those in the FNF group. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS), a recently applied technology, plays a significant role in the screening of risk factors associated with the onset of femoral head necrosis. Herein, WTS was used to obtain the mRNA expression profile in the cancellous bone of the femoral head isolated from 5 patients with INFH and 5 patients with FNF. Compared with the FNF group, a total of 155 differentially expressed genes were identified in the INFH group. Among these genes, 96 and 59 were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses revealed that leucine-rich repeat-containing 17 (LRRC17) displayed the most significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels between the INFH and FNF groups. The expression profile of the differentially expressed genes and LRRC17 protein in the INFH and FNF groups was consistent with that obtained by WTS. LRRC17, a leucine repeat sequence, plays a significant role in regulating bone metabolism, thus indicating that LRRC17 downregulation could affect bone metabolism and could be considered a key factor in the pathogenesis of INFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Ha
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
- * Correspondence: Yan-hui Hu, Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, No. 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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Wang T, Huang S, He C. Senescent cells: A therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13323. [DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Shishu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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Abe S, Kaida A, Kanemaru K, Nakazato K, Yokomizo N, Kobayashi Y, Miura M, Miki T, Hidai C, Kitano H, Yoda T. Differences in the stemness characteristics and molecular markers of distinct human oral tissue neural crest-derived multilineage cells. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13286. [PMID: 35716037 PMCID: PMC9528771 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although multilineage cells derived from oral tissues, especially the dental pulp, apical papilla, periodontal ligament, and oral mucosa, have neural crest‐derived stem cell (NCSC)‐like properties, the differences in the characteristics of these progenitor cell compartments remain unknown. The current study aimed to elucidate these differences. Material and methods Sphere‐forming apical papilla‐derived cells (APDCs), periodontal ligament‐derived cells (PDLDCs), and oral mucosa stroma‐derived cells (OMSDCs) from the same individuals were isolated from impacted developing teeth. All sphere‐forming cells were characterized through biological analyses of stem cells. Results All sphere‐forming cells expressed neural crest‐related markers. The expression of certain tissue‐specific markers such as CD24 and CD56 (NCAM1) differed among tissue‐derived cells. Surprisingly, the expression of only CD24 and CD56 could be discriminated in human tissues. Although APDCs and PDLDCs exhibited greater mineralized cell differentiation than OMSDCs, they exhibited poorer differentiation into adipocytes in vitro. In immunocompromised mice, APDCs formed hard tissues better than PDLDCs and OMSDCs. Conclusions Although cells with NCSC‐like properties present the same phenotype, they differ in the expression of certain markers and differentiation abilities. This study is the first to demonstrate the differences in the differentiation ability and molecular markers among multilineage human APDCs, PDLDCs, and OMSDCs obtained from the same patients, and to identify tissue‐specific markers that distinguish tissues in the developing stage of the human tooth with immature apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Abe
- Division of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Department of Oral Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kanemaru
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nakazato
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Yokomizo
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kobayashi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Department of Oral Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Miki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hidai
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kitano
- Division of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Song D, Wu ZS, Xu Q, Wang K, Xu MT, Ha CZ, Zhang C, Wang DW. LRRC17 regulates the bone metabolism of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from patients with idiopathic necrosis of femoral head through Wnt signaling pathways: A preliminary report. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:666. [PMID: 33986831 PMCID: PMC8112125 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head (INFH) is a common disease with unknown cause. Its successful treatment relies on the repair of the necrotic bone. The application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown great promise in saving the patients from undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Leucine-rich repeat-containing 17 (LRRC17) is less expressed in patients with femoral head necrosis and LRRC17 can inhibit bone degradation. However, it remains unknown whether LRRC17 plays a role in the pathogenesis of INFH. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role and mechanism of LRRC17 in the pathogenesis and treatment of INFH. It was found that despite the similar cell morphology and MSC surface marker expressions of human bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) isolated from patients with INFH (INFH-hBMSC) and femoral neck fracture (FNF) (FNF-hBMSC), INFH-hBMSC had higher percentage of apoptosis (P<0.05), as well as lower osteogenic potential and higher adipogenic potential (both P<0.05). However, there was no difference in cell proliferation between FNF-hBMSC and INFH-hBMSC (P>0.05). It was also confirmed that the expression of LRRC17 was lower in the bone tissue and hBMSCs from patients with INFH compared with patients with FNF (P<0.05). Overexpression of LRRC17 promoted osteogenesis and inhibited the adipogenesis in hBMSCs, accompanied with the increase of Wnt3a and β-catenin expressions, and the decrease of Wnt5a and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (Rankl) expressions (all, P<0.05). Furthermore, knockout of LRRC17 in hBMSCs inhibited the expression levels of osteogenic and promoted adipogenic markers, while decreasing Wnt3a and β-catenin expressions, and increasing Wnt5a and Rankl expressions (all, P<0.05). The present preliminary study suggested that imbalanced bone metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of INFH. The modulation of the LRRC17 gene may delay or even restore the balance of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in autologous BMSCs derived from patients with INFH, providing a new target for the treatment of INFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Song Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Ha
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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12
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Liu F, Yuan Y, Bai L, Yuan L, Li L, Liu J, Chen Y, Lu Y, Cheng J, Zhang J. LRRc17 controls BMSC senescence via mitophagy and inhibits the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101963. [PMID: 33865167 PMCID: PMC8066428 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has been widely reported to be closely correlated with aging-related diseases, including osteoporosis (OP). Moreover, the beneficial functions of BMSCs decline with age, limiting their therapeutic efficacy in OP. In the present study, using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we found that leucine-rich repeat containing 17 (LRRc17) expression in BMSCs was highly positively correlated with age. Therefore, we investigated whether LRRc17 knockdown could rejuvenate aged MSCs and increase their therapeutic efficacy in OP. Consistent with the RNA-Seq results, the protein expression of LRRc17 in senescent BMSCs was significantly increased, whereas LRRc17 knockdown inhibited cell apoptosis and reduced the expression of age-related proteins and G2 and S phase quiescence. Furthermore, LRRc17 knockdown shifted BMSCs from adipogenic to osteogenic differentiation, indicating the critical role of LRRc17 in BMSC senescence and differentiation. Additionally, similar to rapamycin (RAPA) treatment, LRRc17 knockdown activated mitophagy via inhibition of the mTOR/PI3K pathway, which consequently reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited BMSC senescence. However, the effects of LRRc17 knockdown were significantly blocked by the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), demonstrating that LRRc17 knockdown prevented BMSC senescence by activating mitophagy. In vivo, compared with untransfected aged mouse-derived BMSCs (O-BMSCs), O-BMSCs transfected with sh-LRRc17 showed effective amelioration of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss. Collectively, these results indicated that LRRc17 knockdown rejuvenated senescent BMSCs and thus enhanced their therapeutic efficacy in OP by activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Longhui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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13
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Kim SM, Cho SY, Kim MW, Roh SR, Shin HS, Suh YH, Geum D, Lee MA. Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies NURR1-Controlled Network of New Synapse Formation and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Neural Stem Cells. Mol Cells 2020; 43:551-571. [PMID: 32522891 PMCID: PMC7332357 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1) protein has been identified as an obligatory transcription factor in midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis, but the global set of human NURR1 target genes remains unexplored. Here, we identified direct gene targets of NURR1 by analyzing genome-wide differential expression of NURR1 together with NURR1 consensus sites in three human neural stem cell (hNSC) lines. Microarray data were validated by quantitative PCR in hNSCs and mouse embryonic brains and through comparison to published human data, including genome-wide association study hits and the BioGPS gene expression atlas. Our analysis identified ~40 NURR1 direct target genes, many of them involved in essential protein modules such as synapse formation, neuronal cell migration during brain development, and cell cycle progression and DNA replication. Specifically, expression of genes related to synapse formation and neuronal cell migration correlated tightly with NURR1 expression, whereas cell cycle progression correlated negatively with it, precisely recapitulating midbrain dopaminergic development. Overall, this systematic examination of NURR1-controlled regulatory networks provides important insights into this protein's biological functions in dopamine-based neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | | | - Min Woong Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seung Ryul Roh
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hee Sun Shin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Medical Science, Korea University Medical School, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Myung Ae Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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14
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Bioinformatic Analyses of miRNA-mRNA Signature during hiPSC Differentiation towards Insulin-Producing Cells upon HNF4α Mutation. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070179. [PMID: 32605028 PMCID: PMC7400504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) gene affect prenatal and postnatal pancreas development, being characterized by insulin-producing β-cell dysfunction. Little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to β-cell failure as result of HNF4α mutation. In this study, we compared the miRNA profile of differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) derived from HNF4α+/Δ mutation carriers and their family control along the differentiation timeline. Moreover, we associated this regulation with the corresponding transcriptome profile to isolate transcript–miRNA partners deregulated in the mutated cells. This study uncovered a steep difference in the miRNA regulation pattern occurring during the posterior foregut to pancreatic endoderm transition, defining early and late differentiation regulatory windows. The pathway analysis of the miRNAome–transcriptome interactions revealed a likely gradual involvement of HNF4α+/Δ mutation in p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, with consequences for the proliferation potential, survival and cell fate acquisition of the differentiating cells. The present study is based on bioinformatics approaches and we expect that, pending further experimental validation, certain miRNAs deregulated in the HNF4α+/Δ cells would prove useful for therapy.
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15
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Kim BJ, Lee SH, Koh JM. Potential Biomarkers to Improve the Prediction of Osteoporotic Fractures. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:55-63. [PMID: 32207264 PMCID: PMC7090300 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.35.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic fracture (OF) is associated with high disability and morbidity rates. The burden of OF may be reduced by early identification of subjects who are vulnerable to fracture. Although the current fracture risk assessment model includes clinical risk factors (CRFs) and bone mineral density (BMD), its overall ability to identify individuals at high risk for fracture remains suboptimal. Efforts have therefore been made to identify potential biomarkers that can predict the risk of OF, independent of or combined with CRFs and BMD. This review highlights the emerging biomarkers of bone metabolism, including sphongosine-1-phosphate, leucine-rich repeat-containing 17, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, sclerostin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and periostin, and the importance of biomarker risk score, generated by combining these markers, in enhancing the accuracy of fracture prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Wu C, He L, Wei Q, Li Q, Jiang L, Zhao L, Wang C, Li J, Wei M. Bioinformatic profiling identifies a platinum-resistant-related risk signature for ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:1242-1253. [PMID: 31856408 PMCID: PMC6997076 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients develop resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and recur. Many biomarkers related to the survival and prognosis of drug-resistant patients have been delved by mining databases; however, the prediction effect of single-gene biomarker is not specific and sensitive enough. The present study aimed to develop a novel prognostic gene signature of platinum-based resistance for patients with HGSOC. The gene expression profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A total of 269 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with platinum resistance were identified (P < .05, fold change >1.5). Functional analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in apoptosis process, PI3K-Akt pathway. Furthermore, we established a set of seven-gene signature that was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in the test series. Compared with the low-risk score group, patients with a high-risk score suffered poorer OS (P < .001). The area under the curve (AUC) was found to be 0.710, which means the risk score had a certain accuracy on predicting OS in HGSOC (AUC > 0.7). Surprisingly, the risk score was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for HGSOC (P < .001). Subgroup analyses suggested that the risk score had a greater prognostic value for patients with grade 3-4, stage III-IV, venous invasion and objective response. In conclusion, we developed a seven-gene signature relating to platinum resistance, which can predict survival for HGSOC and provide novel insights into understanding of platinum resistance mechanisms and identification of HGSOC patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Wu
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti‐Tumor Drug Development and EvaluationChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
| | - Linxiu He
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti‐Tumor Drug Development and EvaluationChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti‐Tumor Drug Development and EvaluationChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
| | - Qian Li
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital and InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti‐Tumor Drug Development and EvaluationChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti‐Tumor Drug Development and EvaluationChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital and InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti‐Tumor Drug Development and EvaluationChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
- Liaoning Blood CenterLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Blood Safety ResearchShenyangChina
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti‐Tumor Drug Development and EvaluationChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityChina
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Brązert M, Kranc W, Celichowski P, Ożegowska K, Budna-Tukan J, Jeseta M, Pawelczyk L, Bruska M, Zabel M, Nowicki M, Kempisty B. Novel markers of human ovarian granulosa cell differentiation toward osteoblast lineage: A microarray approach. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4403-4414. [PMID: 31702034 PMCID: PMC6797957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, human ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), are responsible for a number of processes associated with folliculogenesis and oogenesis. The primary functions of GCs in the individual phases of follicle growth are: Hormone production in response to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), induction of ovarian follicle atresia through specific molecular markers and production of nexus cellular connections for communication with the oocyte. In recent years, interest in obtaining stem cells from particular tissues, including the ovary, has increased. Special attention has been paid to the novel properties of GCs during long‑term in vitro culture. It has been demonstrated that the usually recycled material in the form of follicular fluid can be a source of cells with stem‑like properties. The study group consisted of patients enrolled in the in vitro fertilization procedure. Total RNA was isolated from GCs at 4 time points (after 1, 7, 15 and 30 days of culture) and was used for microarray expression analysis (Affymetrix® Human HgU 219 Array). The expression of 22,480 transcripts was examined. The selection of significantly altered genes was based on a P‑value <0.05 and expression higher than two‑fold. The leucine rich repeat containing 17, collagen type I α1 chain, bone morphogenetic protein 4, twist family bHLH transcription factor 1, insulin like growth factor binding protein 5, GLI family zinc finger 2 and collagen triple helix repeat containing genes exhibited the highest changes in expression. Reverse‑transcription‑quantitative PCR was performed to validate the results obtained in the analysis of expression microarrays. The direction of expression changes was validated in the majority of cases. The presented results indicated that GCs have the potential of cells that can differentiate towards osteoblasts in long‑term in vitro culture conditions. Increased expression of genes associated with the osteogenesis process suggests a potential for uninduced change of GC properties towards the osteoblast phenotype. The present study, therefore, suggests that GCs may become an excellent starting material in obtaining stable osteoblast cultures. GCs differentiated towards osteoblasts may be used in regenerative and reconstructive medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Brązert
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ożegowska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Budna-Tukan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bruska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of boron nitride nanoparticles: emphasis on toxicogenomics. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:351-361. [PMID: 30644070 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is increasingly developing area including more than 700 commercial products such as clothing, food preparation, cosmetics, mechanics, electronics and also health industry. People generally contact with nanoparticles by inhaling from air. Thus, it is becoming important issue to understand harmful effects of nanoparticles on human health and prepare risk reports for common nano-sized materials. In this paper, synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation of boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles were performed on human primary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) since, main exposure to nanoparticles would generally happen through lung via inhalation. Chemically synthetized BN nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray crystallography, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, neutral red and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to analyze cytotoxicity after nanoparticles exposure. Whole genome microarray analysis was used to find out the effects of BN NPs on gene expressions of HPAEpiC cells. Finally, the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery analysis was used to reveal relationships between different cellular pathways and nanoparticle exposure. According to cytotoxicity analysis LC20 value for BN nanoparticles was 125.051 mg/L. Microarray results showed that 2159 genes expression change (FC ≥ 2) significantly over 40,000 genes analysis. When the gene pathways were analyzed, it was seemed that BN nanoparticles mostly affect cell cycle, cell-cell interactions, cancer affecting genes and signal transduction. In a conclusion, our results supported for the first time that BN nanoparticles could be used as a safe nanomaterial in both pharmacological and medical applications.
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Cong F, Liu J, Wang C, Yuan Z, Bi L, Liang J, Su K, Qiu Y, Song T, Fan J, Chao G. Ginsenoside Rb2 inhibits osteoclast differentiation through nuclear factor-kappaB and signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:927-934. [PMID: 28605877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside-Rb2 (Rb2) is a 20(S)-protopanaxadiol glycoside extracted from ginseng possessing various bioactivities which has drawn considerable interest regarding the area of bone metabolism. However, the effect of Rb2 on osteoclast differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of Rb2 in regulating osteoclast differentiation and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Osteoclast differentiation was induced by receptor activator nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in mouse RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that Rb2 dose-dependently inhibited the formation of the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells and TRAP expression. Furthermore, Rb2 promoted osteoprotegerin expression and bone resorption. The expression of osteoclast marker genes including nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, OSCAR, and cathepsin K were also markedly inhibited by Rb2 treatment. Moreover, Rb2 significantly inhibited the RANKL-induced NF-κB activation. In addition, Rb2 also markedly suppressed the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Interestingly, the knockdown of STAT3 significantly strengthened the inhibitory effect of Rb2 on osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our study suggests that Rb2 inhibits osteoclast differentiation associated with blocking NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Long Bi
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jidong Liang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ke Su
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yucheng Qiu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jinzhu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Gao Chao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
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20
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Hong N, Kim BJ, Kim CH, Baek KH, Min YK, Kim DY, Lee SH, Koh JM, Kang MI, Rhee Y. Low Plasma Level of Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing 17 (LRRc17) Is an Independent and Additive Risk Factor for Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Women. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2106-2114. [PMID: 27355564 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel role of leucine-rich repeat-containing 17 (LRRc17), an LRR protein secreted by osteoblasts, as a negative regulator of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation was found. However, the clinical association between LRRc17 and osteoporotic fracture (OF) has not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that low circulating plasma level of LRRc17 might serve as an independent and additive risk factor for OF, including vertebral fractures (VF) and non-vertebral fractures (non-VF). In this case-control study, 102 OF cases and 102 age- and body mass index-matched controls (mean age, 63.2 years) were analyzed among 532 postmenopausal women. VF (n = 49) and non-VF (n = 60) participants were identified using lateral thoracolumbar radiographs and an interviewer-assisted questionnaire, respectively. Median LRRc17 levels were significantly lower in participants with any OF (117.5 versus 197.3 pg/mL, p < 0.001), VF (93.2 versus 172.4 pg/mL, p = 0.002), and non-VF (124.5 versus 206.9 pg/mL, p = 0.008) compared with the respective controls without fractures. The prevalence of OF increased from the highest LRRc17 tertile (≥228.5 pg/mL, 33.8%) to the lowest (<95.6 pg/mL, 63.2%). Each log unit decrease of LRRc17 was associated with greater risk of OF (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.96; p = 0.009) and VF (OR = 2.42; 95% CI 1.39-4.23; p = 0.002). Plasma LRRc17 significantly improved discrimination of OF, particularly VF, when added to models including clinical risk factors and bone mineral density according to the area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC 0.71 to 0.81, p = 0.036), category-free net reclassification improvement (0.79; 95% CI 0.37-1.21; p < 0.001), and integrated discrimination improvement (0.13; 95% CI 0.06-0.20; p < 0.001). Low plasma LRRc17 was an independent risk factor for OF, which improved risk stratification, particularly in the spines of postmenopausal women. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Hwa Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deog-Yoon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo-Il Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhong Y, Zou L, Wang Z, Pan Y, Dai Z, Liu X, Cui L, Zuo C. Lrrc75b is a novel negative regulator of C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1411-1418. [PMID: 27633041 PMCID: PMC5065307 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in the guidance of myogenic differentiation have been investigated in previous studies. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of myogenic differentiation remain largely unknown. In the present study, by performing a meta-analysis of C2C12 myogenic differentiation microarray data, we found that leucine-rich repeat-containing 75B (Lrrc75b), also known as AI646023, a molecule of unknown biological function, was downregulated during C2C12 myogenic differentiation. The knockdown of Lrrc75b using specific siRNA in C2C12 myoblasts markedly enhanced the expression of muscle-specific myogenin and increased myoblast fusion and the myotube diameter. By contrast, the adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Lrrc75b in C2C12 cells markedly inhibited myoblast differentiation accompanied by a decrease in myogenin expression. In addition, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) was suppressed in the cells in which Lrrc75b was silenced. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Lrrc75b is a novel suppressor of C2C12 myogenic differentiation by modulating myogenin and Erk1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechun Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Liyi Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zonggui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiong Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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Shim KS, Lee CJ, Yim NH, Ha H, Ma JY. A water extract of Malva verticillata seeds suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption stimulated by RANK ligand. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:332. [PMID: 27580958 PMCID: PMC5007869 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Malva verticillata seeds are used as a therapeutic medicine to treat kidney dysfunction in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCM has suggested that herbal medicine tonifying kidney function may have beneficial effect on bone metabolism. Methods Osteoclastogenesis was examined in bone marrow macrophages by measuring tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and counting the number of TRAP-stained multinuclear cells. The activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK) ligand signaling, and the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) were investigated by western blot analysis. Transcription factor and bone resorption marker mRNA levels were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The bone resorption activity of mature osteoclast was examined in osteoclasts cultured on a hydroxyapatite-coated culture plate. Results A water extract of M. verticillata seeds (WEMV) inhibited osteoclastogenesis stimulated by RANKL. WEMV also strongly inhibited expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 as well as phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, I-kBα, and phospholipase γ2. Furthermore, WEMV significantly attenuated osteoclast resorption activity and downregulated mRNA expression of resorption markers. Conclusion These results demonstrate that WEMV inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing the RANKL signaling pathway and suggest that M. verticillata seeds may be used as a therapeutic candidate in complementary alternative medicine to treat pathological bone diseases.
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Poly-L-lysine Prevents Senescence and Augments Growth in Culturing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ex Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8196078. [PMID: 27403437 PMCID: PMC4925960 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8196078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess great therapeutic potential. Efficient in vitro expansion of MSCs is however necessary for their clinical application. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells, and it has been used as a coating substrate for cell culture. In this study, we have aimed to improve the functionality and stemness of MSCs during culture using poly-L-lysine (PLL). Functionality of MSCs was analysed by cell cycle analysis, differentiation assay, β-galactosidase staining, and RT-PCR. Furthermore, we assessed the global gene expression profile of MSCs on uncoated and PLL-coated plates. MSCs on PLL-coated plates exhibited a faster growth rate with increased S-phase and upregulated expression of the stemness markers. In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. We also confirmed that MSCs on uncoated plates expressed higher β-galactosidase than the MSCs on PLL-coated plates. We demonstrate that PLL provides favourable microenvironment for MSC culture by reversing the replicative senescence. This method will significantly contribute to effective preparation of MSCs for cellular therapy.
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24
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Huang Y, Chain FJJ, Panchal M, Eizaguirre C, Kalbe M, Lenz TL, Samonte IE, Stoll M, Bornberg-Bauer E, Reusch TBH, Milinski M, Feulner PGD. Transcriptome profiling of immune tissues reveals habitat-specific gene expression between lake and river sticklebacks. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:943-58. [PMID: 26749022 PMCID: PMC4790908 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The observation of habitat-specific phenotypes suggests the action of natural selection. The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has repeatedly colonized and adapted to diverse freshwater habitats across the northern hemisphere since the last glaciation, while giving rise to recurring phenotypes associated with specific habitats. Parapatric lake and river populations of sticklebacks harbour distinct parasite communities, a factor proposed to contribute to adaptive differentiation between these ecotypes. However, little is known about the transcriptional response to the distinct parasite pressure of those fish in a natural setting. Here, we sampled wild-caught sticklebacks across four geographical locations from lake and river habitats differing in their parasite load. We compared gene expression profiles between lake and river populations using 77 whole-transcriptome libraries from two immune-relevant tissues, the head kidney and the spleen. Differential expression analyses revealed 139 genes with habitat-specific expression patterns across the sampled population pairs. Among the 139 differentially expressed genes, eight are annotated with an immune function and 42 have been identified as differentially expressed in previous experimental studies in which fish have been immune challenged. Together, these findings reinforce the hypothesis that parasites contribute to adaptation of sticklebacks in lake and river habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Frédéric J J Chain
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1B1
| | - Mahesh Panchal
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.,Bioinformatics Infrastructures for Life Sciences (BILS), Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum (BMC), Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum (BMC), Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christophe Eizaguirre
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, London, UK
| | - Martin Kalbe
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Tobias L Lenz
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Irene E Samonte
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, Westfälische Wilhelms University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Westfälische Wilhelms University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten B H Reusch
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred Milinski
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Philine G D Feulner
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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25
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Shim KS, Ha H, Kim T, Lee CJ, Ma JY. Orostachys japonicus Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation by Inhibiting NFATc1 Expression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The herb Orostachys japonicus has been traditionally used to treat chronic diseases, such as hepatitis, hemorrhoids, and cancer, in Asia. In this study, we investigated the effect of Orostachys japonicus water extract (OJWE) on the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. We found that OJWE inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner without affecting bone resorption in bone marrow-derived macrophage cells. Interestingly, OJWE significantly reduced serum levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b, markers of bone resorption and osteoclast number, respectively, in an animal model of bone loss. Furthermore, OJWE suppressed the RANKL-induced up-regulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) expression, and activation of the p38 signaling pathway, but prevented the RANKL-mediated down-regulation of interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF-8), which is known to be an anti-osteoclastogenic factor that represses NFATc1 expression. We also identified gallic acid and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside as the OJWE components that inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. These results suggest that OJWE inhibits osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression, which prevents osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. The present study elucidated a mechanism of action underlying the inhibitory effect of OJWE on osteoclast differentiation. Our findings suggest that O. japonicus has therapeutic potential for use in the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Shuk Shim
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | - Chung-Jo Lee
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
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Potter AB, Rhodes JL, Vega RA, Ridder T, Shiang R. Gene expression changes between patent and fused cranial sutures in a nonsyndromic craniosynostosis population. EPLASTY 2015; 15:e12. [PMID: 25987937 PMCID: PMC4401998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Craniosynostosis is a premature fusion of 1 or more cranial sutures. It may occur with additional morphological abnormalities (syndromic) or in isolation. Studies suggest that dysregulation of normal cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration has a role in isolated or nonsyndromic craniosynostosis but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this research is to identify genes differentially expressed in prematurely fused human suture compared to patent suture in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. METHODS Bone fragments from synostosed and patent sutures of 7 infants with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis were collected during surgical release of fused sutures. RNA was isolated from the fragments (7 patent and 7 fused) and global gene expression profiled using the Illumina WGE-DASL assay and HumanRef 8.0 Beadchip. RESULTS Comparison of mRNA expression in fused and patent suture identified 68 genes significantly differentially expressed and having fold changes ≤ -2.0 and ≥ 2.0 with a false discovery rate adjusted P value at .10 and 136 with adjusted P value of 0.15. SFRP2 (secreted frizzled-related protein 2) demonstrated the largest decrease in fused sutures. Analysis including only sagittal fused sutures revealed a set of 35 overlapping genes that may be involved in suture patency over all suture types. SPHKAP (sphingosine kinase type 1-interacting protein), a modulator of TGFβ signaling, was significant in the sagittal subset. CONCLUSION Differentially expressed genes were identified in fused suture relative to patent in a nonsyndromic craniosynostosis population. SFRP2 is likely important in suture patency. Genes having significant roles in osteoblastogenesis as negative regulators of canonical Wnt pathway were significantly downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiee B. Potter
- aIntegrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,Correspondence:
| | - Jennifer L. Rhodes
- bDivision of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond
| | - Rafael A. Vega
- cDepartment of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond
| | - Thomas Ridder
- cDepartment of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond
| | - Rita Shiang
- dDepartment of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
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Shin B, Yu J, Park ES, Choi S, Yu J, Hwang JM, Yun H, Chung YH, Hong KS, Choi JS, Takami M, Rho J. Secretion of a truncated osteopetrosis-associated transmembrane protein 1 (OSTM1) mutant inhibits osteoclastogenesis through down-regulation of the B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1)-nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) axis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35868-81. [PMID: 25359771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations in osteoclastogenic genes are closely associated with osteopetrotic bone diseases. Genetic defects in OSTM1 (osteopetrosis-associated transmembrane protein 1) cause autosomal recessive osteopetrosis in humans. In particular, OSTM1 mutations that exclude the transmembrane domain might lead to the production of a secreted form of truncated OSTM1. However, the precise role of the secreted form of truncated OSTM1 remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the functional role of truncated OSTM1 in osteoclastogenesis. Here, we showed that a secreted form of truncated OSTM1 binds to the cell surface of osteoclast (OC) precursors and inhibits the formation of multinucleated OCs through the reduction of cell fusion and survival. Truncated OSTM1 significantly inhibited the expression of OC marker genes through the down-regulation of the BLIMP1 (B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1)-NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells c1) axis. Finally, we demonstrated that truncated OSTM1 reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced bone destruction in vivo. Thus, these findings suggest that autosomal recessive osteopetrosis patients with an OSTM1 gene mutation lacking the transmembrane domain produce a secreted form of truncated OSTM1 that inhibits osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjin Shin
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jungeun Yu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and
| | - Eui-Soon Park
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and
| | - Seunga Choi
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jiyeon Yu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jung Me Hwang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and
| | - Hyeongseok Yun
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- the Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, and
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- the Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, and the Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- the Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, and the Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Masamichi Takami
- the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawaku 142-8555, Japan
| | - Jaerang Rho
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and the Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea,
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Kessels MY, Huitema LFA, Boeren S, Kranenbarg S, Schulte-Merker S, van Leeuwen JL, de Vries SC. Proteomics analysis of the zebrafish skeletal extracellular matrix. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90568. [PMID: 24608635 PMCID: PMC3946537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of the immature and mature skeleton is key to the development and function of the skeletal system. Notwithstanding its importance, it has been technically challenging to obtain a comprehensive picture of the changes in skeletal composition throughout the development of bone and cartilage. In this study, we analyzed the extracellular protein composition of the zebrafish skeleton using a mass spectrometry-based approach, resulting in the identification of 262 extracellular proteins, including most of the bone and cartilage specific proteins previously reported in mammalian species. By comparing these extracellular proteins at larval, juvenile, and adult developmental stages, 123 proteins were found that differed significantly in abundance during development. Proteins with a reported function in bone formation increased in abundance during zebrafish development, while analysis of the cartilage matrix revealed major compositional changes during development. The protein list includes ligands and inhibitors of various signaling pathways implicated in skeletogenesis such as the Int/Wingless as well as the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways. This first proteomic analysis of zebrafish skeletal development reveals that the zebrafish skeleton is comparable with the skeleton of other vertebrate species including mammals. In addition, our study reveals 6 novel proteins that have never been related to vertebrate skeletogenesis and shows a surprisingly large number of differences in the cartilage and bone proteome between the head, axis and caudal fin regions. Our study provides the first systematic assessment of bone and cartilage protein composition in an entire vertebrate at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurijn Y. Kessels
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie F. A. Huitema
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kranenbarg
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sacco C. de Vries
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Shim KS, Kim T, Ha H, Lee KJ, Cho CW, Kim HS, Seo DH, Ma JY. Lactobacillus fermentation enhances the inhibitory effect of Hwangryun-haedok-tang in an ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:106. [PMID: 23680047 PMCID: PMC3694040 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Hwangryun-haedok-tang (HRT) is traditional herbal medicine used to treat inflammatory-related diseases in Asia. However, its effect on osteoclastogenesis and bone loss is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of HRT and its fermented product (fHRT) on the receptor activator for the nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis using murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and postmenopausal bone loss using an ovariectomy (OVX) rat model. Methods Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was employed to evaluate osteoclast formation. mRNA level of transcription factor and protein levels of signaling molecules were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Effect of HRT or fHRT on OVX-induced bone loss was evaluated using OVX rats orally administered HRT, or fHRT with 300 mg/kg for 12 weeks. Micro-CT analysis of femora was performed to analyze bone parameter. Results HRT or fHRT treatment significantly decreased TRAP activity and the number of TRAP positive multinuclear cells on osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, these inhibitory effects of HRT were enhanced by fermentation. Furthermore, fHRT significantly inhibited mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1, which leads to down-regulation of NFATc1-regulated mRNA expressions such as TRAP, the d2 isoform of vacuolar ATPase V(0) domain, and cathepsin K. Administration of fHRT significantly inhibited the decrease of bone mineral density, and improved bone parameter of femora more than that of HRT and vehicle in OVX rats. Conclusions This study demonstrated that lactic bacterial fermentation fortifies the inhibitory effect of HRT on osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. These results suggest that fermented HRT might have the beneficial potential on osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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Phospholipases of mineralization competent cells and matrix vesicles: roles in physiological and pathological mineralizations. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5036-129. [PMID: 23455471 PMCID: PMC3634480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to systematically and critically analyze the current knowledge on phospholipases and their role in physiological and pathological mineralization undertaken by mineralization competent cells. Cellular lipid metabolism plays an important role in biological mineralization. The physiological mechanisms of mineralization are likely to take place in tissues other than in bones and teeth under specific pathological conditions. For instance, vascular calcification in arteries of patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis recapitulates the mechanisms of bone formation. Osteoporosis—a bone resorbing disease—and rheumatoid arthritis originating from the inflammation in the synovium are also affected by cellular lipid metabolism. The focus is on the lipid metabolism due to the effects of dietary lipids on bone health. These and other phenomena indicate that phospholipases may participate in bone remodelling as evidenced by their expression in smooth muscle cells, in bone forming osteoblasts, chondrocytes and in bone resorbing osteoclasts. Among various enzymes involved, phospholipases A1 or A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, autotaxin and sphingomyelinase are engaged in membrane lipid remodelling during early stages of mineralization and cell maturation in mineralization-competent cells. Numerous experimental evidences suggested that phospholipases exert their action at various stages of mineralization by affecting intracellular signaling and cell differentiation. The lipid metabolites—such as arachidonic acid, lysophospholipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in cell signaling and inflammation reactions. Phospholipases are also important members of the cellular machinery engaged in matrix vesicle (MV) biogenesis and exocytosis. They may favour mineral formation inside MVs, may catalyse MV membrane breakdown necessary for the release of mineral deposits into extracellular matrix (ECM), or participate in hydrolysis of ECM. The biological functions of phospholipases are discussed from the perspective of animal and cellular knockout models, as well as disease implications, development of potent inhibitors and therapeutic interventions.
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Baumhoer D, Zillmer S, Unger K, Rosemann M, Atkinson MJ, Irmler M, Beckers J, Siggelkow H, von Luettichau I, Jundt G, Smida J, Nathrath M. MicroRNA profiling with correlation to gene expression revealed the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster to be up-regulated in osteosarcoma. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:212-9. [PMID: 22682620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are genetically complex tumors with abundant structural and numerical alterations. The molecular pathogenesis of the disease is, however, still poorly understood. Aside from various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to influence tumor development and biology. We therefore investigated six well-established osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS58, U2-OS, Saos-2, MNNG/HOS, SJSA-1, and MG-63) for genome-wide miRNA expression (miRBase Version 15.0, http://www.mirbase.org/) and correlated our findings with gene expression. Cultured osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19) and mesenchymal stem cells (L87/4) were used as normal references. Focusing only on miRNAs that were deregulated in the majority of osteosarcoma cell lines, we identified several miRNAs with oncogenic and tumor suppressor properties, including various members of the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster. In addition, several genes involved in differentiation (RGMB, LRRC17), cell cycle control (CCNE1), and apoptosis (LIMA1, CAMK2N1) were found to be deregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines, most likely due to altered miRNA expression patterns. Our findings indicate a crucial impact of deregulated miRNAs with consecutive changes in gene expression in osteosarcomas, which strongly suggests pathogenetic and potentially therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumor Reference Center at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
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Martin S, Söllner C, Charoensawan V, Adryan B, Thisse B, Thisse C, Teichmann S, Wright GJ. Construction of a large extracellular protein interaction network and its resolution by spatiotemporal expression profiling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:2654-65. [PMID: 20802085 PMCID: PMC3101854 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular interactions involving both secreted and membrane-tethered receptor proteins are essential to initiate signaling pathways that orchestrate cellular behaviors within biological systems. Because of the biochemical properties of these proteins and their interactions, identifying novel extracellular interactions remains experimentally challenging. To address this, we have recently developed an assay, AVEXIS (avidity-based extracellular interaction screen) to detect low affinity extracellular interactions on a large scale and have begun to construct interaction networks between zebrafish receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin and leucine-rich repeat protein families to identify novel signaling pathways important for early development. Here, we expanded our zebrafish protein library to include other domain families and many more secreted proteins and performed our largest screen to date totaling 16,544 potential unique interactions. We report 111 interactions of which 96 are novel and include the first documented extracellular ligands for 15 proteins. By including 77 interactions from previous screens, we assembled an expanded network of 188 extracellular interactions between 92 proteins and used it to show that secreted proteins have twice as many interaction partners as membrane-tethered receptors and that the connectivity of the extracellular network behaves as a power law. To try to understand the functional role of these interactions, we determined new expression patterns for 164 genes within our clone library by using whole embryo in situ hybridization at five key stages of zebrafish embryonic development. These expression data were integrated with the binding network to reveal where each interaction was likely to function within the embryo and were used to resolve the static interaction network into dynamic tissue- and stage-specific subnetworks within the developing zebrafish embryo. All these data were organized into a freely accessible on-line database called ARNIE (AVEXIS Receptor Network with Integrated Expression; www.sanger.ac.uk/arnie) and provide a valuable resource of new extracellular signaling interactions for developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Martin
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB101HH, United Kingdom
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Luo J, Zhou W, Zhou X, Li D, Weng J, Yi Z, Cho SG, Li C, Yi T, Wu X, Li XY, de Crombrugghe B, Höök M, Liu M. Regulation of bone formation and remodeling by G-protein-coupled receptor 48. Development 2009; 136:2747-56. [PMID: 19605502 DOI: 10.1242/dev.033571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) 48 (Gpr48; Lgr4), a newly discovered member of the glycoprotein hormone receptor subfamily of GPCRs, is an orphan GPCR of unknown function. Using a knockout mouse model, we have characterized the essential roles of Gpr48 in bone formation and remodeling. Deletion of Gpr48 in mice results in a dramatic delay in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, but not in chondrocyte proliferation and maturation, during embryonic bone formation. Postnatal bone remodeling is also significantly affected in Gpr48(-/-) mice, including the kinetic indices of bone formation rate, bone mineral density and osteoid formation, whereas the activity and number of osteoclasts are increased as assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Examination of the molecular mechanism of Gpr48 action in bone formation revealed that Gpr48 can activate the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway to regulate the expression level of Atf4 in osteoblasts. Furthermore, we show that Gpr48 significantly downregulates the expression levels of Atf4 target genes/proteins, such as osteocalcin (Ocn; Bglap2), bone sialoprotein (Bsp; Ibsp) and collagen. Together, our data demonstrate that Gpr48 regulates bone formation and remodeling through the cAMP-PKA-Atf4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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