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Alva R, Wiebe JE, Stuart JA. Revisiting reactive oxygen species production in hypoxia. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02986-1. [PMID: 38955833 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses to hypoxia are crucial in various physiological and pathophysiological contexts and have thus been extensively studied. This has led to a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional response to hypoxia, which is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of HIF regulation in hypoxia remain incompletely understood. In particular, there is controversy surrounding the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hypoxia and how this affects the stabilization and activity of HIFs. This review examines this controversy and attempts to shed light on its origin. We discuss the role of physioxia versus normoxia as baseline conditions that can affect the subsequent cellular response to hypoxia and highlight the paucity of data on pericellular oxygen levels in most experiments, leading to variable levels of hypoxia that might progress to anoxia over time. We analyze the different outcomes reported in isolated mitochondria, versus intact cells or whole organisms, and evaluate the reliability of various ROS-detecting tools. Finally, we examine the cell-type and context specificity of oxygen's various effects. We conclude that while recent evidence suggests that the effect of hypoxia on ROS production is highly dependent on the cell type and the duration of exposure, efforts should be made to conduct experiments under carefully controlled, physiological microenvironmental conditions in order to rule out potential artifacts and improve reproducibility in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Alva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Jacob E Wiebe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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2
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Panov AV. The Structure of the Cardiac Mitochondria Respirasome Is Adapted for the β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2410. [PMID: 38397087 PMCID: PMC10889813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that in the heart and kidney mitochondria, more than 95% of ATP production is supported by the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. However, the β-oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria has been studied much less than the substrates formed during the catabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. In the last few decades, several discoveries have been made that are directly related to fatty acid oxidation. In this review, we made an attempt to re-evaluate the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids from the perspectives of new discoveries. The single set of electron transporters of the cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain is organized into three supercomplexes. Two of them contain complex I, a dimer of complex III, and two dimers of complex IV. The third, smaller supercomplex contains a dimer of complex III and two dimers of complex IV. We also considered other important discoveries. First, the enzymes of the β-oxidation of fatty acids are physically associated with the respirasome. Second, the β-oxidation of fatty acids creates the highest level of QH2 and reverses the flow of electrons from QH2 through complex II, reducing fumarate to succinate. Third, β-oxidation is greatly stimulated in the presence of succinate. We argue that the respirasome is uniquely adapted for the β-oxidation of fatty acids. The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase complex reduces the membrane's pool of ubiquinone to QH2, which is instantly oxidized by the smaller supercomplex, generating a high energization of mitochondria and reversing the electron flow through complex II, which reverses the electron flow through complex I, increasing the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the matrix. The mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase catalyzes a hydride (H-, a proton plus two electrons) transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane, reducing the cytosolic pool of NADP(H), thus providing the heart with ATP for muscle contraction and energy and reducing equivalents for the housekeeping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Panov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31201, USA
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3
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Iwata K, Ferdousi F, Arai Y, Isoda H. Modulation of mitochondrial activity by sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) top extract and its bioactive polyphenols: a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis in C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38177614 PMCID: PMC10766937 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defects in cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress defense systems, which can contribute to tissue damage and disease development. Among the key regulators responsible for mitochondrial quality control, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is an important target for mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously reported that bioactive polyphenols extracted from sugarcane top (ST) ethanol extract (STEE) could activate neuronal energy metabolism and increase astrocyte PGC-1α transcript levels. However, their potential impact on the mitochondria activity in muscle and liver cells has not yet been investigated. To address this gap, our current study examined the effects of STEE and its polyphenols on cultured myotubes and hepatocytes in vitro. Rhodamine 123 assay revealed that the treatment with STEE and its polyphenols resulted in an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, a comprehensive examination of gene expression patterns through transcriptome-wide microarray analysis indicated that STEE altered gene expressions related to mitochondrial functions, fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and cAMP signaling in both C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes. Additionally, protein-protein interaction analysis identified the PGC-1α interactive-transcription factors-targeted regulatory network of the genes regulated by STEE, and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that STEE and its polyphenols upregulated the transcript levels of PGC-1α in both C2C12 and HepG2 cells. These findings collectively suggest the potential beneficial effects of STEE on muscle and liver tissues and offer novel insights into the potential nutraceutical applications of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Iwata
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Nippo Co., Ltd., Daito, Osaka, 574-0062, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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4
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Trevisan R, Mello DF. Redox control of antioxidants, metabolism, immunity, and development at the core of stress adaptation of the oyster Crassostrea gigas to the dynamic intertidal environment. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:85-106. [PMID: 37952585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This review uses the marine bivalve Crassostrea gigas to highlight redox reactions and control systems in species living in dynamic intertidal environments. Intertidal species face daily and seasonal environmental variability, including temperature, oxygen, salinity, and nutritional changes. Increasing anthropogenic pressure can bring pollutants and pathogens as additional stressors. Surprisingly, C. gigas demonstrates impressive adaptability to most of these challenges. We explore how ROS production, antioxidant protection, redox signaling, and metabolic adjustments can shed light on how redox biology supports oyster survival in harsh conditions. The review provides (i) a brief summary of shared redox sensing processes in metazoan; (ii) an overview of unique characteristics of the C. gigas intertidal habitat and the suitability of this species as a model organism; (iii) insights into the redox biology of C. gigas, including ROS sources, signaling pathways, ROS-scavenging systems, and thiol-containing proteins; and examples of (iv) hot topics that are underdeveloped in bivalve research linking redox biology with immunometabolism, physioxia, and development. Given its plasticity to environmental changes, C. gigas is a valuable model for studying the role of redox biology in the adaptation to harsh habitats, potentially providing novel insights for basic and applied studies in marine and comparative biochemistry and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Trevisan
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Danielle F Mello
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, 29280, France.
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5
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Okoye CN, Koren SA, Wojtovich AP. Mitochondrial complex I ROS production and redox signaling in hypoxia. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102926. [PMID: 37871533 PMCID: PMC10598411 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a main source of cellular energy. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the major process of aerobic respiration. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) pump protons to generate a protonmotive force (Δp) that drives OXPHOS. Complex I is an electron entry point into the ETC. Complex I oxidizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and transfers electrons to ubiquinone in a reaction coupled with proton pumping. Complex I also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) under various conditions. The enzymatic activities of complex I can be regulated by metabolic conditions and serves as a regulatory node of the ETC. Complex I ROS plays diverse roles in cell metabolism ranging from physiologic to pathologic conditions. Progress in our understanding indicates that ROS release from complex I serves important signaling functions. Increasing evidence suggests that complex I ROS is important in signaling a mismatch in energy production and demand. In this article, we review the role of ROS from complex I in sensing acute hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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6
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Wang 王宇扬 Y, Little AG, Aristizabal MJ, Robertson RM. Low Glycolysis Is Neuroprotective during Anoxic Spreading Depolarization (SD) and Reoxygenation in Locusts. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0325-23.2023. [PMID: 37932046 PMCID: PMC10683553 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0325-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory locusts enter a reversible hypometabolic coma to survive environmental anoxia, wherein the cessation of CNS activity is driven by spreading depolarization (SD). While glycolysis is recognized as a crucial anaerobic energy source contributing to animal anoxia tolerance, its influence on the anoxic SD trajectory and recovery outcomes remains poorly understood. We investigated the effects of varying glycolytic capacity on adult female locust anoxic SD parameters, using glucose or the glycolytic inhibitors 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) or monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Surprisingly, 2DG treatment shared similarities with glucose yet had opposite effects compared with MIA. Specifically, although SD onset was not affected, both glucose and 2DG expedited the recovery of CNS electrical activity during reoxygenation, whereas MIA delayed it. Additionally, glucose and MIA, but not 2DG, increased tissue damage and neural cell death following anoxia-reoxygenation. Notably, glucose-induced injuries were associated with heightened CO2 output during the early phase of reoxygenation. Conversely, 2DG resulted in a bimodal response, initially dampening CO2 output and gradually increasing it throughout the recovery period. Given the discrepancies between effects of 2DG and MIA, the current results require cautious interpretations. Nonetheless, our findings present evidence that glycolysis is not a critical metabolic component in either anoxic SD onset or recovery and that heightened glycolysis during reoxygenation may exacerbate CNS injuries. Furthermore, we suggest that locust anoxic recovery is not solely dependent on energy availability, and the regulation of metabolic flux during early reoxygenation may constitute a strategy to mitigate damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang 王宇扬
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Maria J Aristizabal
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Meldrum Robertson
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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7
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Lemus-de la Cruz J, Trejo-Hurtado M, Landa-Moreno C, Peña-Montes D, Landeros-Páramo JL, Cortés-Rojo C, Montoya-Pérez R, Rosas G, Saavedra-Molina A. Antioxidant effects of silver nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis from the aqueous extract of Eryngium carlinae on the brain mitochondria of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023; 55:123-135. [PMID: 36988777 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that affects practically all tissues and organs, being the brain one of most susceptible, due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species induced by diabetes. Eryngium carlinae is a plant used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat diabetes, which has already been experimentally shown have hypoglycemic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. The green synthesis of nanoparticles is a technique that combines plant extracts with metallic nanoparticles, so that the nanoparticles reduce the absorption and distribution time of drugs or compounds, increasing their effectiveness. In this work, the antioxidant effects and mitochondrial function in the brain were evaluated, as well as the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect in serum of both the aqueous extract of the aerial part of E. carlinae, as well as its combination with silver nanoparticles of green synthesis. Administration with both, extract and the combination significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and restored the activity of superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase, and electron transport chain complexes in brain, while that the extract-nanoparticle combination decreased blood glucose and triglyceride levels. The results obtained suggest that both treatments have oxidative activity and restore mitochondrial function in the brain of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenaro Lemus-de la Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58030, Mich, México
| | - Mitchell Trejo-Hurtado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58030, Mich, México
| | - Cinthia Landa-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58030, Mich, México
| | - Donovan Peña-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58030, Mich, México
| | - José Luis Landeros-Páramo
- Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58030, Mich, México
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58030, Mich, México
| | - Rocío Montoya-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58030, Mich, México
| | - Gerardo Rosas
- Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58030, Mich, México
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58030, Mich, México.
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8
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Gauthier AG, Lin M, Zefi S, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA, Ashby CR, Mantell LL. GAT107-mediated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling attenuates inflammatory lung injury and mortality in a mouse model of ventilator-associated pneumonia by alleviating macrophage mitochondrial oxidative stress via reducing MnSOD-S-glutathionylation. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102614. [PMID: 36717349 PMCID: PMC9950665 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) can compromise host defense and increase susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Compromised host defense and inflammatory lung injury are mediated, in part, by high extracellular concentrations of HMGB1, which can be decreased by GTS-21, a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Here, we report that a novel α7nAChR agonistic positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM), GAT107, at 3.3 mg/kg, i.p., significantly decreased animal mortality and markers of inflammatory injury in mice exposed to hyperoxia and subsequently infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The incubation of macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreased hyperoxia-induced extracellular HMGB1 accumulation and HMGB1-induced macrophage phagocytic dysfunction. Hyperoxia-compromised macrophage function was correlated with impaired mitochondrial membrane integrity, increased superoxide levels, and decreased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity. This compromised MnSOD activity is due to a significant increase in its level of glutathionylation. The incubation of hyperoxic macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreases the levels of glutathionylated MnSOD, and restores MnSOD activity and mitochondrial membrane integrity. Thus, GAT107 restored hyperoxia-compromised phagocytic functions by decreasing HMGB1 release, most likely via a mitochondrial-directed pathway. Overall, our results suggest that GAT107 may be a potential treatment to decrease acute inflammatory lung injury by increasing host defense in patients with VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G. Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sidorela Zefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 128 St. Albert Hall, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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9
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Hernansanz-Agustín P, Enríquez JA. Alternative respiratory oxidases to study the animal electron transport chain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148936. [PMID: 36395975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation is a common process to most organisms in which the main function is to generate an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and to make energy available to the cell. However, plants, many fungi and some animals maintain non-energy conserving oxidases which serve as a bypass to coupled respiration. Namely, the alternative NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase NDI1, present in the complex I (CI)-lacking Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the alternative oxidase, ubiquinol:oxygen oxidoreductase AOX, present in many organisms across different kingdoms. In the last few years, these alternative oxidases have been used to dissect previously indivisible processes in bioenergetics and have helped to discover, understand, and corroborate important processes in mitochondria. Here, we review how the use of alternative oxidases have contributed to the knowledge in CI stability, bioenergetics, redox biology, and the implications of their use in current and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Koc ZC, Sollars VE, Bou Zgheib N, Rankin GO, Koc EC. Evaluation of mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS generation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1129352. [PMID: 36937395 PMCID: PMC10014927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1129352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women with cancer worldwide. Energy requirements for tumor growth in epithelial high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are fulfilled by a combination of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Although reduced OXPHOS activity has emerged as one of the significant contributors to tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance, up-regulation of mitochondrial antioxidant capacity is required for matrix detachment and colonization into the peritoneal cavity to form malignant ascites in HGSOC patients. However, limited information is available about the mitochondrial biogenesis regulating OXPHOS capacity and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in HGSOC. Methods To evaluate the modulation of OXPHOS in HGSOC tumor samples and ovarian cancer cell lines, we performed proteomic analyses of proteins involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism and biogenesis and formation of mtROS by immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively. Results and discussion We determined that the increased steady-state expression levels of mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded OXPHOS subunits were associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis in HGSOC tumors and ovarian cancer cell lines. The more prominent increase in MT-COII expression was in agreement with significant increase in mitochondrial translation factors, TUFM and DARS2. On the other hand, the ovarian cancer cell lines with reduced OXPHOS subunit expression and mitochondrial translation generated the highest levels of mtROS and significantly reduced SOD2 expression. Evaluation of mitochondrial biogenesis suggested that therapies directed against mitochondrial targets, such as those involved in transcription and translation machineries, should be considered in addition to the conventional chemotherapies in HGSOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep C. Koc
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vincent E. Sollars
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Nadim Bou Zgheib
- Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Gary O. Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Emine C. Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Emine C. Koc,
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11
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Mori MP, Penjweini R, Knutson JR, Wang PY, Hwang PM. Mitochondria and oxygen homeostasis. FEBS J 2022; 289:6959-6968. [PMID: 34235856 PMCID: PMC8790743 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen possesses a dual nature due to its highly reactive free radical property: it is capable of oxidizing metabolic substrates to generate cellular energy, but can also serve as a substrate for genotoxic reactive oxygen species generation. As a labile substance upon which aerobic life depends, the mechanisms for handling cellular oxygen have been fine-tuned and orchestrated in evolution. Protection from atmospheric oxygen toxicity as originally posited by the Endosymbiotic Theory of the Mitochondrion is likely to be one basic principle underlying oxygen homeostasis. We briefly review the literature on oxygen homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the role of the mitochondrion where the majority of cellular oxygen is consumed. The insights gleaned from these basic mechanisms are likely to be important for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing strategies for maintaining health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus P. Mori
- Cardiovascular Branch; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rozhin Penjweini
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay R. Knutson
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping-yuan Wang
- Cardiovascular Branch; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul M. Hwang
- Cardiovascular Branch; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Murtas S, Aquilani R, Fiori G, Maestri R, Iadarola P, Graccione C, Contu R, Deiana ML, Macis F, Secci R, Serra A, Cadeddu M, D’Amato M, Putzu P, Marongiu M, Bolasco P. Effects of a Novel Amino Acid Formula on Nutritional and Metabolic Status, Anemia and Myocardial Function in Thrice-Weekly Hemodialysis Patients: Results of a Six-Month Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173492. [PMID: 36079750 PMCID: PMC9459903 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) induces metabolic derangement of amino acid (AA) kinetics, eliciting severe damage to the protein anabolism. This damage is further intensified by a significant loss of AAs through hemodialysis (HD), affecting all tissues with a high metabolic turnover, such as the myocardium and body muscle mass. (2) Aim: to illustrate the effects of a novel AA mixture in boosting mitochondrial energy production. (3) Methods: A strict selection of 164 dialysis patients was carried out, allowing us to finally identify 22 compliant patients who had not used any form of supplements over the previous year. The study design envisaged a 6-month randomized, double-blind trial for the comparison of two groups of hemodialysis patients: eleven patients (67.2 ± 9.5 years) received the novel AA mix (TRG), whilst the other eleven (68.2 ± 10.5 years) were given a placebo mix that was indistinguishable from the treatment mix (PLG). (4) Results: Despite the 6-month observation period, the following were observed: maintenance of target hemoglobin values with a reduced need for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in TRG > 36% compared to PLG (p < 0.02), improved phase angle (PhA) accompanied by an increase in muscle mass solely in the TRG group (p < 0.05), improved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF > 67%) in the TRG versus PLG group (p < 0.05) with early but marked signs of improved diastolic function. Increased sensitivity to insulin with greater control of glycemic levels in TRG versus PLG (p = 0.016). (5) Conclusions: the new AA mix seemed to be effective, showing a positive result on nutritional metabolism and cardiac performance, stable hemoglobin levels with the need for lower doses of erythropoietin (EPO), insulin increased cell sensitivity, better muscle metabolism with less loss of mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Murtas
- Nephrology Department, ASL of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Aquilani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Fiori
- Cardiology Service—Quartu-Parteolla Health District, ASL of Cagliari, Quartu Sant’Elena, 09045 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scientific Institute of Montescano, IRCCS, ICS Maugeri S.p.A SB, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Molecular, Medicine University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Rita Contu
- Nephrology Department, ASL of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Macis
- Nephrology Department, ASL of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Romina Secci
- Nephrology Department, ASL of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Serra
- Nephrology Department, ASL of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Maura D’Amato
- Department of Molecular, Medicine University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Putzu
- Nephrology Department, ASL of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Piergiorgio Bolasco
- Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment Conservative Study Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Resolution of Inflammation after Skeletal Muscle Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on the Lipid Mediators Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins and Maresins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061213. [PMID: 35740110 PMCID: PMC9220296 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion is very frequent in humans and results not only in muscle destruction but also in multi-organ failure and death via systemic effects related to inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition to overabundance of pro-inflammatory stimuli, excessive and uncontrolled inflammation can also result from defects in resolution signaling. Importantly, the resolution of inflammation is an active process also based on specific lipid mediators including lipoxins, resolvins and maresins that orchestrate the potential return to tissue homeostasis. Thus, lipid mediators have received growing attention since they dampen deleterious effects related to ischemia–reperfusion. For instance, the treatment of skeletal muscles with resolvins prior to ischemia decreases polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration. Additionally, remote alterations in lungs or kidneys are reduced when enhancing lipid mediators’ functions. Accordingly, lipoxins prevented oxidative-stress-mediated tissue injuries, macrophage polarization was modified and in mice lacking DRV2 receptors, ischemia/reperfusion resulted in excessive leukocyte accumulation. In this review, we first aimed to describe the inflammatory response during ischemia and reperfusion in skeletal muscle and then discuss recent discoveries in resolution pathways. We focused on the role of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their potential therapeutic applications.
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14
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Chenna S, Koopman WJH, Prehn JHM, Connolly NMC. Mechanisms and mathematical modelling of ROS production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C69-C83. [PMID: 35613354 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00455.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognised both as damaging molecules and intracellular signalling entities. In addition to its role in ATP generation, the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) constitutes a relevant source of mitochondrial ROS, in particular during pathological conditions. Mitochondrial ROS homeostasis depends on species- and site-dependent ROS production, their bioreactivity, diffusion, and scavenging. However, our quantitative understanding of mitochondrial ROS homeostasis has thus far been hampered by technical limitations, including lack of truly site- and/or ROS-specific reporter molecules. In this context, the use of computational models is of great value to complement and interpret empirical data, as well as to predict variables that are difficult to assess experimentally. During the last decades, various mechanistic models of ETC-mediated ROS production have been developed. Although these often-complex models have generated novel insights, their parameterisation, analysis, and integration with other computational models is not straightforward. In contrast, phenomenological (sometimes termed "minimal") models use a relatively small set of equations to describe empirical relationship(s) between ROS-related and other parameters, and generally aim to explore system behaviour and generate hypotheses for experimental validation. In this review, we first discuss ETC-linked ROS homeostasis and introduce various detailed mechanistic models. Next, we present how bioenergetic parameters (e.g. NADH/NAD+ ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential) relate to site-specific ROS production within the ETC and how these relationships can be used to design minimal models of ROS homeostasis. Finally, we illustrate how minimal models have been applied to explore pathophysiological aspects of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Chenna
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Disorders (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Isei MO, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Copper modulates heart mitochondrial H 2O 2 emission differently during fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109267. [PMID: 35026399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the preferred cardiac metabolic fuels are fatty acids, glucose metabolism also plays an important role. However, irrespective of substrate type, energy generation results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. To determine if the preference of fat over carbohydrates predisposes cardiomyocytes to oxidant production, we measured total and site-specific H2O2 emission in heart mitochondria oxidizing palmitoylcarnitine or pyruvate during copper (Cu) exposure. H2O2 emission was higher during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine compared with pyruvate. Moreover, the bulk of the H2O2 emitted during palmitoylcarnitine oxidation originated from the outer ubiquinone binding site of complex III (site IIIQo) and the flavin site of electron transfer flavoprotein (site EF). We found no evidence of ROS production from complex I ubiquinone-binding site (site IQ) by reverse electron transport during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine. Pyruvate oxidation also drove H2O2 emission primarily from sites IIIQo; however, the flavin sites of pyruvate dehydrogenase (site PF) and complex II (site IIF) contributed substantially. The effect of Cu depended on substrate and redox site, with effects at sites OF and IIIQo being more pronounced in mitochondria oxidizing pyruvate compared with palmitoylcarnitine. Cu imposed a concentration-saturable effect at site PF but concentration-dependently stimulated H2O2 emission at site EF. The substrate-dependent differences in H2O2 emission and effects of Cu suggest that fuel type and points of entry of electrons into the mitochondrial electron transport system determine the mitochondrial ROS production rate. Importantly, knowledge of sites of mitochondrial ROS production is crucial to the understanding of cardiac dysfunction associated with impaired substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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16
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Okoye CN, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Anoxia-reoxygenation modulates cadmium-induced liver mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission during oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109227. [PMID: 34728389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are frequently exposed to multiple stressors including low dissolved oxygen (O2) and metals such as cadmium (Cd). Reduced O2 concentration and Cd exposure alter cellular function in part by impairing energy metabolism and dysregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. However, little is known about the role of mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) in ROS homeostasis in fish and its response to environmental stress. In this study, mGPDH activity and the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation (A-RO) and Cd on ROS (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) emission in rainbow trout liver mitochondria during oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) were probed. Trout liver mitochondria exhibited low mGPDH activity that supported a low respiratory rate but substantial H2O2 emission rate. Cd evoked a low concentration stimulatory-high concentration inhibitory H2O2 emission pattern that was blunted by A-RO. At specific redox centers, Cd suppressed H2O2 emission from site IQ, but stimulated emission from sites IIIQo and GQ. In contrast, A-RO stimulated H2O2 emission from site IQ following 15 min exposure and augmented Cd-stimulated emission from site IIF after 30 min exposure but did not alter the rate of H2O2 emission from sites IIIQo and GQ. Additionally, Cd neither altered the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or thioredoxin reductase nor the concentrations of total glutathione, reduced glutathione, or oxidized glutathione. Overall, this study indicates that oxidation of G3P drives ROS production from mGPDH and complexes I, II and III, whereas Cd directly modulates redox sites but not antioxidant defense systems to alter mitochondrial H2O2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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17
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Tomar N, Zhang X, Kandel SM, Sadri S, Yang C, Liang M, Audi SH, Cowley AW, Dash RK. Substrate-dependent differential regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the heart and kidney cortex and outer medulla. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148518. [PMID: 34864090 PMCID: PMC8957717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics and efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) can depend on the choice of respiratory substrates. Furthermore, potential differences in this substrate dependency among different tissues are not well-understood. Here, we determined the effects of different substrates on the kinetics and efficiency of OxPhos in isolated mitochondria from the heart and kidney cortex and outer medulla (OM) of Sprague-Dawley rats. The substrates were pyruvate+malate, glutamate+malate, palmitoyl-carnitine+malate, alpha-ketoglutarate+malate, and succinate±rotenone at saturating concentrations. The kinetics of OxPhos were interrogated by measuring mitochondrial bioenergetics under different ADP perturbations. Results show that the kinetics and efficiency of OxPhos are highly dependent on the substrates used, and this dependency is distinctly different between heart and kidney. Heart mitochondria showed higher respiratory rates and OxPhos efficiencies for all substrates in comparison to kidney mitochondria. Cortex mitochondria respiratory rates were higher than OM mitochondria, but OM mitochondria OxPhos efficiencies were higher than cortex mitochondria. State 3 respiration was low in heart mitochondria with succinate but increased significantly in the presence of rotenone, unlike kidney mitochondria. Similar differences were observed in mitochondrial membrane potential. Differences in H2O2 emission in the presence of succinate±rotenone were observed in heart mitochondria and to a lesser extent in OM mitochondria, but not in cortex mitochondria. Bioenergetics and H2O2 emission data with succinate±rotenone indicate that oxaloacetate accumulation and reverse electron transfer may play a more prominent regulatory role in heart mitochondria than kidney mitochondria. These studies provide novel quantitative data demonstrating that the choice of respiratory substrates affects mitochondrial responses in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Sunil M Kandel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Shima Sadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Said H Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee WI-53223, United States of America
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America.
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America.
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18
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Kumar R, Jafri MS. Computational Modeling of Mitochondria to Understand the Dynamics of Oxidative Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:363-422. [PMID: 35771458 PMCID: PMC9811848 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles that use catabolic metabolism to produce ATP which is the critical energy source for cell function. Oxidative phosphorylation by the electron transport chain, which receives reducing equivalents (NADH and FADH2) from the tricarboxylic acid cycle, also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product at complex I and III. ROS play a significant role in health and disease. In order to better understand this process, a computational model of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the production of ROS has been developed. The model demonstrates the process regulating ROS production and removal and how different energy substrates can affect ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumar
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Mohsin S Jafri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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19
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Flores-Cotera LB, Chávez-Cabrera C, Martínez-Cárdenas A, Sánchez S, García-Flores OU. Deciphering the mechanism by which the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma responds adaptively to environmental, nutritional, and genetic cues. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab048. [PMID: 34302341 PMCID: PMC8788774 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast that synthesizes astaxanthin (ASX), which is a powerful and highly valuable antioxidant carotenoid pigment. P. rhodozyma cells accrue ASX and gain an intense red-pink coloration when faced with stressful conditions such as nutrient limitations (e.g., nitrogen or copper), the presence of toxic substances (e.g., antimycin A), or are affected by mutations in the genes that are involved in nitrogen metabolism or respiration. Since cellular accrual of ASX occurs under a wide variety of conditions, this yeast represents a valuable model for studying the growth conditions that entail oxidative stress for yeast cells. Recently, we proposed that ASX synthesis can be largely induced by conditions that lead to reduction-oxidation (redox) imbalances, particularly the state of the NADH/NAD+ couple together with an oxidative environment. In this work, we review the multiple known conditions that elicit ASX synthesis expanding on the data that we formerly examined. When considered alongside the Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, the study served to rationalize the induction of ASX synthesis and other adaptive cellular processes under a much broader set of conditions. Our aim was to propose an underlying mechanism that explains how a broad range of divergent conditions converge to induce ASX synthesis in P. rhodozyma. The mechanism that links the induction of ASX synthesis with the occurrence of NADH/NAD+ imbalances may help in understanding how other organisms detect any of a broad array of stimuli or gene mutations, and then adaptively respond to activate numerous compensatory cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Cipriano Chávez-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Anahi Martínez-Cárdenas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México city 04510, México
| | - Oscar Ulises García-Flores
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
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20
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Duong QV, Levitsky Y, Dessinger MJ, Strubbe-Rivera JO, Bazil JN. Identifying Site-Specific Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Production Rates From the Mitochondrial Electron Transport System Using a Computational Strategy. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab050. [PMID: 35330793 PMCID: PMC8788716 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in cellular signaling; however, certain pathological conditions such as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury disrupt ROS homeostasis and contribute to cell death. A major impediment to developing therapeutic measures against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage is the lack of a quantitative framework to identify the specific sources and regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS production. We developed a thermodynamically consistent, mass-and-charge balanced, kinetic model of mitochondrial ROS homeostasis focused on redox sites of electron transport chain complexes I, II, and III. The model was calibrated and corroborated using comprehensive data sets relevant to ROS homeostasis. The model predicts that complex I ROS production dominates other sources under conditions favoring a high membrane potential with elevated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and ubiquinol (QH2) levels. In general, complex I contributes to significant levels of ROS production under pathological conditions, while complexes II and III are responsible for basal levels of ROS production, especially when QH2 levels are elevated. The model also reveals that hydrogen peroxide production by complex I underlies the non-linear relationship between ROS emission and O2 at low O2 concentrations. Lastly, the model highlights the need to quantify scavenging system activity under different conditions to establish a complete picture of mitochondrial ROS homeostasis. In summary, we describe the individual contributions of the electron transport system complex redox sites to total ROS emission in mitochondria respiring under various combinations of NADH- and Q-linked respiratory fuels under varying workloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh V Duong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yan Levitsky
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Maria J Dessinger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jasiel O Strubbe-Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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21
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Pillai V, Buck L, Lari E. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species mimics the anoxic response in goldfish pyramidal neurons. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:268949. [PMID: 34047778 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Goldfish are one of a few species able to avoid cellular damage during month-long periods in severely hypoxic environments. By suppressing action potentials in excitatory glutamatergic neurons, the goldfish brain decreases its overall energy expenditure. Coincident with reductions in O2 availability is a natural decrease in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which has been proposed to function as part of a low-oxygen signal transduction pathway. Using live-tissue fluorescence microscopy, we found that ROS production decreased by 10% with the onset of anoxia in goldfish telencephalic brain slices. Employing whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we found that, similar to severe hypoxia, the ROS scavengers N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and MitoTEMPO, added during normoxic periods, depolarized membrane potential (severe hypoxia -73.6 to -61.4 mV, NAC -76.6 to -66.2 mV and MitoTEMPO -71.5 mV to -62.5 mV) and increased whole-cell conductance (severe hypoxia 5.7 nS to 8.0 nS, NAC 6.0 nS to 7.5 nS and MitoTEMPO 6.0 nS to 7.6 nS). Also, in a subset of active pyramidal neurons, these treatments reduced action potential firing frequency (severe hypoxia 0.18 Hz to 0.03 Hz, NAC 0.27 Hz to 0.06 Hz and MitoTEMPO 0.35 Hz to 0.08 Hz). Neither severe hypoxia nor ROS scavenging impacted action potential threshold. The addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide could reverse the effects of the antioxidants. Taken together, this supports a role for a reduction in [ROS] as a low-oxygen signal in goldfish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varshinie Pillai
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3A 3A7
| | - Leslie Buck
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3A 3A7
| | - Ebrahim Lari
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3A 3A7
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22
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Lee H, Jose PA. Coordinated Contribution of NADPH Oxidase- and Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Implication in Renal Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670076. [PMID: 34017260 PMCID: PMC8129499 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is comprised of central obesity (increased waist circumference), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia (high triglyceride blood levels, low high-density lipoprotein blood levels), and increased blood pressure. Oxidative stress, caused by the imbalance between pro-oxidant and endogenous antioxidant systems, is the primary pathological basis of MetS. The major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with MetS are nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the generation of ROS from NADPH oxidases and mitochondria, discuss the NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS signaling and pathophysiological effects, and the interplay between these two major sources of ROS, which leads to chronic inflammation, adipocyte proliferation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities. The mechanisms linking MetS and chronic kidney disease are not well known. The role of NADPH oxidases and mitochondria in renal injury in the setting of MetS, particularly the influence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in oxidative stress, inflammation, and subsequent renal injury, is highlighted. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) underlying MetS may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in MetS and prevent its sequelae of chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewang Lee
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Nesci S, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Ventrella V, Algieri C, Tioli G, Lenaz G. Molecular and Supramolecular Structure of the Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation System: Implications for Pathology. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:242. [PMID: 33804034 PMCID: PMC7999509 DOI: 10.3390/life11030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under aerobic conditions, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) converts the energy released by nutrient oxidation into ATP, the currency of living organisms. The whole biochemical machinery is hosted by the inner mitochondrial membrane (mtIM) where the protonmotive force built by respiratory complexes, dynamically assembled as super-complexes, allows the F1FO-ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP + Pi. Recently mitochondria emerged not only as cell powerhouses, but also as signaling hubs by way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, when ROS removal systems and/or OXPHOS constituents are defective, the physiological ROS generation can cause ROS imbalance and oxidative stress, which in turn damages cell components. Moreover, the morphology of mitochondria rules cell fate and the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mtIM, which, most likely with the F1FO-ATP synthase contribution, permeabilizes mitochondria and leads to cell death. As the multiple mitochondrial functions are mutually interconnected, changes in protein composition by mutations or in supercomplex assembly and/or in membrane structures often generate a dysfunctional cascade and lead to life-incompatible diseases or severe syndromes. The known structural/functional changes in mitochondrial proteins and structures, which impact mitochondrial bioenergetics because of an impaired or defective energy transduction system, here reviewed, constitute the main biochemical damage in a variety of genetic and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Gaia Tioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Lenaz
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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24
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Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030415. [PMID: 33803273 PMCID: PMC8001687 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are series of chemical products originated from one or several electron reductions of oxygen. ROS are involved in physiology and disease and can also be both cause and consequence of many biological scenarios. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the cell and, particularly, the enzymes in the electron transport chain are the major contributors to this phenomenon. Here, we comprehensively review the modes by which ROS are produced by mitochondria at a molecular level of detail, discuss recent advances in the field involving signalling and disease, and the involvement of supercomplexes in these mechanisms. Given the importance of mitochondrial ROS, we also provide a schematic guide aimed to help in deciphering the mechanisms involved in their production in a variety of physiological and pathological settings.
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25
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Dambrova M, Zuurbier CJ, Borutaite V, Liepinsh E, Makrecka-Kuka M. Energy substrate metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative stress in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:24-37. [PMID: 33484825 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the most metabolically flexible organ with respect to the use of substrates available in different states of energy metabolism. Cardiac mitochondria sense substrate availability and ensure the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and heart function. Mitochondria also play a critical role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, during which they are directly involved in ROS-producing pathophysiological mechanisms. This review explores the mechanisms of ROS production within the energy metabolism pathways and focuses on the impact of different substrates. We describe the main metabolites accumulating during ischemia in the glucose, fatty acid, and Krebs cycle pathways. Hyperglycemia, often present in the acute stress condition of ischemia/reperfusion, increases cytosolic ROS concentrations through the activation of NADPH oxidase 2 and increases mitochondrial ROS through the metabolic overloading and decreased binding of hexokinase II to mitochondria. Fatty acid-linked ROS production is related to the increased fatty acid flux and corresponding accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines. Succinate that accumulates during anoxia/ischemia is suggested to be the main source of ROS, and the role of itaconate as an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase is emerging. We discuss the strategies to modulate and counteract the accumulation of substrates that yield ROS and the therapeutic implications of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ 1105, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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26
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Zhang Y, Wu N, Li Q, Hu X, Wang L, Sun JG, Wang Z, Sun XH. Neuroprotective effect of the somatostatin receptor 5 agonist L-817,818 on retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108449. [PMID: 33465395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin plays important roles in modulating neuronal functions by activating the five specific G-protein coupled receptors (sst1-sst5). Previous studies have demonstrated that sst5 were expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and sst5 agonist attenuated the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid-induced retinal neurotoxicity. In this study, we investigated effects and underlying mechanisms of the sst5 agonist L-817,818 on RGC injury induced by elevated intraocular pressure (COH) in experimental glaucoma. Our results showed that intraperitoneal administration of L-817,818 significantly reduced RGC loss and decreased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive RGCs in COH retinas, suggesting that L-817,818 may attenuate RGC apoptosis. Consistently, in COH retinas with L-817,818 administration, both the down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and the up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bax were partially reversed. L-817,818 administration downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-9 and caspase-3 in COH retinas. In addition, L-817,818 administration reduced the concentrations of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and malondialdehyde, and ameliorated the functions of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC). Our results imply that administration of the sst5 agonist L-817,818 reduces RGC loss in COH rats through decreasing RGC apoptosis, which is mediated by regulating Bcl-2/Bax balance, reducing oxidative stress and rescuing activities of MRCC. Activation of sst5 may provide neuroprotective roles for RGCs in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guo Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Young KG, Vanderboor CM, Regnault TRH, Guglielmo CG. Species-specific metabolic responses of songbird, shorebird, and murine cultured myotubes to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 320:R362-R376. [PMID: 33356878 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00249.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Migratory birds may benefit from diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that could improve exercise performance. Previous investigations suggest that different types of birds may respond differently to PUFA. We established muscle myocyte cell culture models from muscle satellite cells of a migratory passerine songbird (yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata coronata) and a nonpasserine shorebird (sanderling, Calidris alba). We differentiated and treated avian myotubes and immortalized murine C2C12 myotubes with n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and with monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) to compare effects on aerobic performance, metabolic enzyme activities, key fatty acid (FA) transporters, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Sanderling and C2C12 myotubes increased expression of PPARs with n-3 PUFA treatments, whereas expression was unchanged in yellow-rumped warblers. Both sanderlings and yellow-rumped warblers increased expression of fatty acid transporters, whereas C2C12 cells decreased expression following n-3 PUFA treatments. Only yellow-rumped warbler myotubes increased expression of some metabolic enzymes, whereas the sanderling and C2C12 cells were unchanged. PUFA supplementation in C2C12 myotubes increased mitochondrial respiratory chain efficiency, whereas sanderlings increased proton leak-associated respiration and maximal respiration (measurements were not made in warblers). This research indicates that songbirds and shorebirds respond differently to n-3 PUFA and provides support for the hypothesis that n-3 PUFA increase the aerobic capacity of migrant shorebird muscle, which may improve overall endurance flight performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Young
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina M Vanderboor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Voituron Y, Boël M, Roussel D. Mitochondrial threshold for H 2O 2 release in skeletal muscle of mammals. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:85-91. [PMID: 32738356 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the interplay between mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 release during the transition from basal non-phosphorylating to maximal phosphorylating states. We conducted a large scale comparative study of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, H2O2 release and electron leak (% H2O2/O) in skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from mammal species ranging from 7 g to 500 kg. Mitochondrial fluxes were measured at different steady state rates in presence of pyruvate, malate, and succinate as respiratory substrates. Every species exhibited a burst of H2O2 release from skeletal muscle mitochondria at a low rate of oxidative phosphorylation, essentially once the activity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reached 26% of the maximal respiration. This threshold for ROS generation thus appears as a general characteristic of skeletal muscle mitochondria in mammals. These findings may have implications in situations promoting succinate accumulation within mitochondria, such as ischemia or hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Voituron
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Mélanie Boël
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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29
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Zhou L, Chan JCY, Chupin S, Gueguen N, Desquiret-Dumas V, Koh SK, Li J, Gao Y, Deng L, Verma C, Beuerman RW, Chan ECY, Milea D, Reynier P. Increased Protein S-Glutathionylation in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083027. [PMID: 32344771 PMCID: PMC7215361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON, MIM#535000) is the most common form of inherited optic neuropathies and mitochondrial DNA-related diseases. The pathogenicity of mutations in genes encoding components of mitochondrial Complex I is well established, but the underlying pathomechanisms of the disease are still unclear. Hypothesizing that oxidative stress related to Complex I deficiency may increase protein S-glutathionylation, we investigated the proteome-wide S-glutathionylation profiles in LHON (n = 11) and control (n = 7) fibroblasts, using the GluICAT platform that we recently developed. Glutathionylation was also studied in healthy fibroblasts (n = 6) after experimental Complex I inhibition. The significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the LHON group by Complex I was shown experimentally. Among the 540 proteins which were globally identified as glutathionylated, 79 showed a significantly increased glutathionylation (p < 0.05) in LHON and 94 in Complex I-inhibited fibroblasts. Approximately 42% (33/79) of the altered proteins were shared by the two groups, suggesting that Complex I deficiency was the main cause of increased glutathionylation. Among the 79 affected proteins in LHON fibroblasts, 23% (18/79) were involved in energetic metabolism, 31% (24/79) exhibited catalytic activity, 73% (58/79) showed various non-mitochondrial localizations, and 38% (30/79) affected the cell protein quality control. Integrated proteo-metabolomic analysis using our previous metabolomic study of LHON fibroblasts also revealed similar alterations of protein metabolism and, in particular, of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. S-glutathionylation is mainly known to be responsible for protein loss of function, and molecular dynamics simulations and 3D structure predictions confirmed such deleterious impacts on adenine nucleotide translocator 2 (ANT2), by weakening its affinity to ATP/ADP. Our study reveals a broad impact throughout the cell of Complex I-related LHON pathogenesis, involving a generalized protein stress response, and provides a therapeutic rationale for targeting S-glutathionylation by antioxidative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (D.M.); (P.R.)
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.C.Y.C.); (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Stephanie Chupin
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Siew Kwan Koh
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
| | - Jianguo Li
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Atomistic Simulations and Design in Biology, Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, #07–01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
| | - Yan Gao
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore;
| | - Chandra Verma
- Atomistic Simulations and Design in Biology, Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, #07–01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singpaore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.C.Y.C.); (E.C.Y.C.)
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Dan Milea
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singpaore
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (D.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (D.M.); (P.R.)
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30
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Mazat JP, Devin A, Ransac S. Modelling mitochondrial ROS production by the respiratory chain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:455-465. [PMID: 31748915 PMCID: PMC11104992 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ROS (superoxide and oxygen peroxide in this paper) play a dual role as signalling molecules and strong oxidizing agents leading to oxidative stress. Their production mainly occurs in mitochondria although they may have other locations (such as NADPH oxidase in particular cell types). Mitochondrial ROS production depends in an interweaving way upon many factors such as the membrane potential, the cell type and the respiratory substrates. Moreover, it is experimentally difficult to quantitatively assess the contribution of each potential site in the respiratory chain. To overcome these difficulties, mathematical models have been developed with different degrees of complexity in order to analyse different physiological questions ranging from a simple reproduction/simulation of experimental results to a detailed model of the possible mechanisms leading to ROS production. Here, we analyse experimental results concerning ROS production including results still under discussion. We then critically review the three models of ROS production in the whole respiratory chain available in the literature and propose some direction for future modelling work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Mazat
- UMR 5095, IBGC CNRS, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns 33077, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Anne Devin
- UMR 5095, IBGC CNRS, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns 33077, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Ransac
- UMR 5095, IBGC CNRS, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns 33077, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
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31
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Isei MO, Kamunde C. Effects of copper and temperature on heart mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:114-128. [PMID: 31825803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High energy demand for continuous mechanical work and large number of mitochondria predispose the heart to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that may precipitate oxidative stress and heart failure. While mitochondria have been proposed as a unifying cellular target and driver of adverse effects induced by diverse stressful states, there is limited understanding of how heart mitochondrial ROS homeostasis is affected by combinations of stress factors. Thus, we probed the effect of copper (Cu) and thermal stress on ROS (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) emission and elucidated the effects of Cu on ROS production sites in rainbow trout heart mitochondria using the Amplex UltraRed-horseradish peroxidase detection system optimized for our model. Mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate or succinate were incubated at 4, 11 (control) and 23 °C and exposed to a range (1-100 μM) of Cu concentrations. We found that the rates and patterns of H2O2 emission depended on substrate type, Cu concentration and temperature. In mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate, Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission with a spike at 1 μM while temperature had no effect. In contrast, both temperature and Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate with a prominent spike at 25 μM Cu. The rates of H2O2 emission at the three temperatures during the spike imposed by 25 μM Cu were of the order 11 > 23 > 4 °C. Interestingly, 5 μM Cu supressed H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate or malate-glutamate suggesting a common mechanism of action independent of substrate type. In the absence of Cu, the site-specific capacities of H2O2 emission were: complex III outer ubiquinone binding site (site IIIQo) > complex II flavin site (site IIF) ≥ complex I flavin site (site IF) > complex I ubiquinone-binding site (site IQ). Rotenone marginally increased succinate-driven H2O2 emission suggesting either the absence of reverse electron transport (RET)-driven ROS production at site IQ or masking of the expected rotenone response (reduction) by H2O2 produced from other sites. Cu acted at multiple sites in the electron transport system resulting in different site-specific H2O2 emission responses depending on the concentration. Specifically, site IF H2O2 emission was suppressed by Cu concentration-dependently while H2O2 emission by site IIF was inhibited and stimulated by low and high concentrations of Cu, respectively. Additionally, emission from site IIIQo was stimulated by low and inhibited by high Cu concentrations. Overall, our study unveiled distinctive effects and sites of modulation of mitochondrial ROS production by Cu with implications for cardiac redox signaling networks and development of mitochondria-targeted Cu-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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32
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Duong QV, Hoffman A, Zhong K, Dessinger MJ, Zhang Y, Bazil JN. Calcium overload decreases net free radical emission in cardiac mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2020; 51:126-139. [PMID: 31982614 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for the bulk of cell death occurring in a variety of clinical settings that include acute coronary events, cerebrovascular accidents, and acute kidney injury. It is commonly believed that calcium and ROS participate in a viscous cycle during these events. However, the precise feedback mechanisms are unknown. We quantitatively demonstrate in this study that, on the contrary, calcium does not stimulate free radical production but suppresses it. Isolated mitochondria from guinea pig hearts were energized with a variety of substrates and exposed to calcium concentrations designed to induce moderate calcium overload conditions associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury but do not elicit the well-known mitochondrial permeability transition phenomenon. Metabolic function and free radical emission were simultaneously quantified using high-resolution respirometry and fluorimetry. Membrane potential, high amplitude swelling, and calcium dynamics were also quantified in parallel. Our results reveal that calcium overload does not lead to excessive ROS emission but does decrease ADP stimulated respiration rates for NADH-dependent pathways. Moreover, we developed an empirical model of mitochondrial free radical homeostasis to identify the processes that are different for each substrate and calcium condition. In summary, we show that in healthy guinea pig mitochondria, calcium uptake and free radical generation do not contribute to a viscous cycle and that the relationship between net free radical production and oxygen concentration is hyperbolic. Altogether, these results lay out an important foundation necessary to quantitatively determine the role of calcium in IR injury and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh V Duong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Adrianna Hoffman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Katie Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, United States
| | | | - Yizhu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, United States.
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Wang X, Yang Y, Zhu P, Wu Y, Jin Y, Yu S, Wei H, Qian M, Cao W, Xu S, Liu Y, Chen G, Zhao X. Prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust PM 2.5 programmed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease differently in adult male offspring of mice fed normal chow and a high-fat diet. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113366. [PMID: 31668954 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading preventable threats to public health. Emerging evidence indicates that exposure to environmental stressors is associated with abnormal foetal development. However, how prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust PM2.5 (DEP) predisposes adult offspring to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. To examine this, C57BL/6J mice were exposed to DEP or a vehicle before conception and during pregnancy and fed normal chow or a high-fat diet. Then, the hepatic fatty accumulation in the adult male offspring and possible molecular mechanisms were assessed. Our data showed that prenatal exposure to DEP on normal chow led to hepatic steatosis in adult male offspring with normal liver function. However, prenatal DEP exposure relieved the hepatic steatosis and liver function in offspring of mice fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, prenatal exposure to DEP on normal chow increased lipogenesis and worsened fatty acid oxidation. The counteractive effect of prenatal DEP exposure on high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis was produced through upregulated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and this improved lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Collectively, prenatal exposure to DEP programmed the development of NAFLD differently in the adult male offspring of mice fed normal chow and a high-fat diet, showing the pleotrophic effects of exposure to adverse environmental factors in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yuxue Yang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Piaoyu Zhu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Muzhou Qian
- Department of Hemodialysis, Fourth People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Weiming Cao
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Shenya Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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Increased reactive oxygen species production and maintenance of membrane potential in VDAC-less Neurospora crassa mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:341-354. [PMID: 31392584 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The highly abundant voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) allows transit of metabolites across the mitochondrial outer membrane. Previous studies in Neurospora crassa showed that the LoPo strain, expressing 50% of normal VDAC levels, is indistinguishable from wild-type (WT). In contrast, the absence of VDAC (ΔPor-1), or the expression of an N-terminally truncated variant VDAC (ΔN2-12porin), is associated with deficiencies in cytochromes b and aa3 of complexes III and IV and concomitantly increased alternative oxidase (AOX) activity. These observations led us to investigate complex I and complex II activities in these strains, and to explore their mitochondrial bioenergetics. The current study reveals that the total NADH dehydrogenase activity is similar in mitochondria from WT, LoPo, ΔPor-1 and ΔN2-12porin strains; however, in ΔPor-1 most of this activity is the product of rotenone-insensitive alternative NADH dehydrogenases. Unexpectedly, LoPo mitochondria have increased complex II activity. In all mitochondrial types analyzed, oxygen consumption is higher in the presence of the complex II substrate succinate, than with the NADH-linked (complex I) substrates glutamate and malate. When driven by a combination of complex I and II substrates, membrane potentials (Δψ) and oxygen consumption rates (OCR) under non-phosphorylating conditions are similar in all mitochondria. However, as expected, the induction of state 3 (phosphorylating) conditions in ΔPor-1 mitochondria is associated with smaller but significant increases in OCR and smaller decreases in Δψ than those seen in wild-type mitochondria. High ROS production, particularly in the presence of rotenone, was observed under non-phosphorylating conditions in the ΔPor-1 mitochondria. Thus, the absence of VDAC is associated with increased ROS production, in spite of AOX activity and wild-type OCR in ΔPor-1 mitochondria.
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Physiologic Implications of Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Mitochondrial Complex I Reverse Electron Transport. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080285. [PMID: 31390791 PMCID: PMC6719910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be either detrimental or beneficial depending on the amount, duration, and location of their production. Mitochondrial complex I is a component of the electron transport chain and transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone. Complex I is also a source of ROS production. Under certain thermodynamic conditions, electron transfer can reverse direction and reduce oxygen at complex I to generate ROS. Conditions that favor this reverse electron transport (RET) include highly reduced ubiquinone pools, high mitochondrial membrane potential, and accumulated metabolic substrates. Historically, complex I RET was associated with pathological conditions, causing oxidative stress. However, recent evidence suggests that ROS generation by complex I RET contributes to signaling events in cells and organisms. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the impact of complex I RET, either beneficial or detrimental, can be determined by the timing and quantity of ROS production. In this article we review the role of site-specific ROS production at complex I in the contexts of pathology and physiologic signaling.
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Stepanova A, Konrad C, Manfredi G, Springett R, Ten V, Galkin A. The dependence of brain mitochondria reactive oxygen species production on oxygen level is linear, except when inhibited by antimycin A. J Neurochem 2019; 148:731-745. [PMID: 30582748 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of physiological mitochondrial metabolism that are involved in several cellular signaling pathways as well as tissue injury and pathophysiological processes, including brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is considered a major source of ROS; however, there is little agreement on how ROS release depends on oxygen concentration. The rate of H2 O2 release by intact brain mitochondria was measured with an Amplex UltraRed assay using a high-resolution respirometer (Oroboros) equipped with a fluorescent optical module and a system of controlled gas flow for varying the oxygen concentration. Three types of substrates were used: malate and pyruvate, succinate and glutamate, succinate alone or glycerol 3-phosphate. For the first time we determined that, with any substrate used in the absence of inhibitors, H2 O2 release by respiring brain mitochondria is linearly dependent on the oxygen concentration. We found that the highest rate of H2 O2 release occurs in conditions of reverse electron transfer when mitochondria oxidize succinate or glycerol 3-phosphate. H2 O2 production by complex III is significant only in the presence of antimycin A and, in this case, the oxygen dependence manifested mixed (linear and hyperbolic) kinetics. We also demonstrated that complex II in brain mitochondria could contribute to ROS generation even in the absence of its substrate succinate when the quinone pool is reduced by glycerol 3-phosphate. Our results underscore the critical importance of reverse electron transfer in the brain, where a significant amount of succinate can be accumulated during ischemia providing a backflow of electrons to complex I at the early stages of reperfusion. Our study also demonstrates that ROS generation in brain mitochondria is lower under hypoxic conditions than in normoxia. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stepanova
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Springett
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence London, London, UK
| | - Vadim Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Kowaltowski AJ. Strategies to detect mitochondrial oxidants. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101065. [PMID: 30576921 PMCID: PMC6302213 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidants (or reactive oxygen species) participate in a myriad of physiological and pathological processes. They are, however, quite hard to measure due to their chemical nature and specific subcellular location. Here, we review techniques to measure mitochondrial oxidants in biological systems as well as the results of their activity, highlighting conditions to be considered, controls and recommended practices. We will delineate experimental setups that use combined strategies to convincingly demonstrate the biological effects of mitochondrial oxidants, using the imperfect methodology available today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Pharmaceutical Induction of PGC-1 α Promotes Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Metabolism and Protects against Oxidative Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9248640. [PMID: 30524663 PMCID: PMC6247391 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9248640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage is a key event in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we examine the therapeutic potential of ZLN005, a selective PGC-1α transcriptional regulator, in protecting RPE from cytotoxic oxidative damage. Gene expression analysis on ARPE-19 cells treated with ZLN005 shows robust upregulation of PGC-1α and its associated transcription factors, antioxidant enzymes, and mitochondrial genes. Energetic profiling shows that ZLN005 treatment enhances RPE mitochondrial function by increasing basal and maximal respiration rates, and spare respiratory capacity. In addition, ZLN005 robustly protects ARPE-19 cells from cell death caused by H2O2, ox-LDL, and NaIO3 without exhibiting any cytotoxicity under basal conditions. ZLN005 protection against H2O2-mediated cell death was lost in PGC-1α-silenced cells. Our data indicates that ZLN005 efficiently protects RPE cells from oxidative damage through selective induction of PGC-1α and its target antioxidant enzymes. ZLN005 may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for retinal diseases associated with RPE dystrophies.
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Treberg JR, Braun K, Zacharias P, Kroeker K. Multidimensional mitochondrial energetics: Application to the study of electron leak and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Wang L, Wang H, Chen X, Zhuang Y, Yu Z, Zhou T. Acclimation process of cultivating Chlorella vulgaris in toxic excess sludge extract and its response mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:858-869. [PMID: 29455136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in the gradually increased proportion of toxic sludge extracts for acclimation, which was obtained from SBR treated synthetic wastewater containing mixed chlorophenols (2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol). The growth of C. vulgaris was obviously improved after acclimation with the cell number in the 100% sludge group was 22.75±0.85∗106cellmL-1, which was relatively more than the BG11 control group's (20.80±0.35∗106cellmL-1) and apparently over the 100% sludge group (10.78±0.45∗106cellmL-1). Compared with the sludge control sludge group, C. vulgaris in the acclimation group gained 24.1% and 18.2% more relative removal rate about TOC and ecotoxicity, respectively. Proteomics analysis showed that protein spots were more clear and centralized and the clarifications of the different protein spots narrowed from 8 to 5 after acclimation. Proteins related to oxidoreducase activity and energy metabolism were over expressed and C. vulgaris could select the metabolic pathways, especially enhanced pyruvate fermentation, TCA cycle, and glycolysis after acclimation, by over accumulating the corresponding vital enzymes. Conclusively, acclimation was a good method to improve the removal ability and growth of C. vulgaris and algae could acclimatize itself to grow upon the toxic sludge extracts by metabolic selection. We suppose acclimation process was a potential method for algae wastewater treatment and algae cultivation without or reduce dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Xiurong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Youjun Zhuang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zeya Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - TianJun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Johannsson OE, Giacomin M, Sadauskas-Henrique H, Campos DF, Braz-Mota S, Heinrichs-Caldas WD, Baptista R, Wood CM, Almeida-Val VMF, Val AL. Does hypoxia or different rates of re-oxygenation after hypoxia induce an oxidative stress response in Cyphocharax abramoides (Kner 1858), a Characid fish of the Rio Negro? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 224:53-67. [PMID: 29864518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether oxidative damage and antioxidant responses are more likely to occur during hypoxia or re-oxygenation in hypoxia-tolerant fish, and whether there is an influence of the rate of re-oxygenation. An hypoxia/re-oxygenation experiment using wild-caught Cyphocharax abramoides (Rio Negro, Brazil), was designed to answer these questions. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), a measure of oxidative damage, and antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP)), were measured in brain, gill and liver tissues after normoxia, 3-h hypoxia (2.7 kPa), and 3-h hypoxia followed by 1-h or 3-h re-oxygenation, implemented either immediately or slowly (3.0 kPa·h-1). Critical oxygen tension of routine oxygen consumption rate (Pcrit) (4.1 kPa) and the PO2 at loss of equilibrium (LOE) (1.7 kPa) were determined to set the experimental hypoxia exposure. The Regulation Index, a measure of oxyregulation with declining PO2, was 0.32. Oxidative damage occurred during hypoxia: no additional damage was observed during re-oxygenation. Tissues responded differentially. GPx and MDA rose in the brain and gills, and SOD (and likely GPx) in the liver during hypoxia. Antioxidants increased further at LOE. Rate of oxygen increase during re-oxygenation did not affect antioxidant responses. In brain and gills, GPx and MDA decreased or recovered after 1-h re-oxygenation. In liver, SOD remained high and GPx increased. In summary, C. abramoides incurred oxidative damage during hypoxic exposure with no additional damage inflicted during re-oxygenation: the rate of re-oxygenation was inconsequential. Literature data support conclusion of greater damage during hypoxia than during re-oxygenation in hypoxia-tolerant fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora E Johannsson
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Marina Giacomin
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Helen Sadauskas-Henrique
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil; UNISANTA (Universidade Santa Cecília), Sustainability of Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, 277 Oswaldo Cruz, Boqueirão, 11045-907 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Derek F Campos
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Susana Braz-Mota
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Waldir D Heinrichs-Caldas
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ramon Baptista
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Chris M Wood
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Vera Maria F Almeida-Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Fu MH, Wu CW, Lee YC, Hung CY, Chen IC, Wu KLH. Nrf2 activation attenuates the early suppression of mitochondrial respiration due to the α-synuclein overexpression. Biomed J 2018; 41:169-183. [PMID: 30080657 PMCID: PMC6138761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-synuclein (SNCA) accumulation in the substantia nigra is one of the characteristic pathologies of Parkinson's disease (PD). A53T missense mutations in the SNCA gene has been proved to enhance the expression of SNCA and accelerate the onset of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction in SNCA aggregation has been under debate for decades but the causal relationship remains uncertain. At a later stage of PD, the cellular dysfunctions are complicated and multiple factors are tangled. Our aim here is to investigate the mitochondrial functional changes and clarify the main causal mechanism at earlier-stage of PD. METHODS We used the mutant A53T SNCA-expressed neuro 2a (N2a) cells without detectable cell death to investigate: 1) whether SNCA overexpression impairs the mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. 2) The role of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signal in SNCA-induced mitochondria dysfunction. RESULTS Accompanying with the increment of SNCA, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was increased. The maximal respiratory capacity was suppressed. Meanwhile, mitochondrial complex 1 activity and the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cytochrome C reductase (NCCR) were decreased. Moreover, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was decreased. On the other hand, the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), Nrf2, and the cytosolic mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were increased at an early stage and declined thereafter. Above factors triggered by SNCA were reversed by tBHQ, a Nrf2 activator. CONCLUSION These results suggested that at an early stage, SNCA-overexpressed increase mtROS accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA decrement. Nrf2, PGC-1α and TFAM were upregulated to compromise mitochondrial dysfunction. tBHQ effectively reversed the SNCA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Stanford KR, Taylor-Clark TE. Mitochondrial modulation-induced activation of vagal sensory neuronal subsets by antimycin A, but not CCCP or rotenone, correlates with mitochondrial superoxide production. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197106. [PMID: 29734380 PMCID: PMC5937758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation causes nociceptive sensory neuron activation, evoking debilitating symptoms and reflexes. Inflammatory signaling pathways are capable of modulating mitochondrial function, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial depolarization and calcium release. Previously we showed that mitochondrial modulation with antimycin A, a complex III inhibitor, selectively stimulated nociceptive bronchopulmonary C-fibers via the activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) ankyrin 1 (A1) and vanilloid 1 (V1) cation channels. TRPA1 is ROS-sensitive, but there is little evidence that TRPV1 is activated by ROS. Here, we used dual imaging of dissociated vagal neurons to investigate the correlation of mitochondrial superoxide production (mitoSOX) or mitochondrial depolarization (JC-1) with cytosolic calcium (Fura-2AM), following mitochondrial modulation by antimycin A, rotenone (complex I inhibitor) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP, mitochondrial uncoupling agent). Mitochondrial modulation by all agents selectively increased cytosolic calcium in a subset of TRPA1/TRPV1-expressing (A1/V1+) neurons. There was a significant correlation between antimycin A-induced calcium responses and mitochondrial superoxide in wild-type 'responding' A1/V1+ neurons, which was eliminated in TRPA1-/- neurons, but not TRPV1-/- neurons. Nevertheless, antimycin A-induced superoxide production did not always increase calcium in A1/V1+ neurons, suggesting a critical role of an unknown factor. CCCP caused both superoxide production and mitochondrial depolarization but neither correlated with calcium fluxes in A1/V1+ neurons. Rotenone-induced calcium responses in 'responding' A1/V1+ neurons correlated with mitochondrial depolarization but not superoxide production. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction causes calcium fluxes in a subset of A1/V1+ neurons via ROS-dependent and ROS-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Stanford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
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Grivennikova VG, Kareyeva AV, Vinogradov AD. Oxygen-dependence of mitochondrial ROS production as detected by Amplex Red assay. Redox Biol 2018; 17:192-199. [PMID: 29702406 PMCID: PMC6007170 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial rates of superoxide plus hydrogen peroxide (ROS) generation by intact or permeabilized rat heart mitochondria and coupled inside-out bovine heart submitochondrial particles (SMP) oxidizing NAD-dependent substrates, NADH, and succinate were measured by detecting resorufin formation in the Amplex Red assay at various oxygen concentrations. Linear dependences of the initial rates on oxygen concentration within the range of ~125-750 μM were found for all significant mitochondrial generators, i.e. the respiratory complexes and ammonium-stimulated dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. At lower oxygen concentrations upon its decrease from air saturation level to zero, the time-course of resorufin formation by SMP catalyzing coupled oxidation of succinate (the total ROS production by respiratory complexes II and III and by the reverse electron transfer (RET)-mediated by complex I) also corresponds to the linear dependence on oxygen with the same first-order rate constant determined in the initial rate studies. Prolonged incubation of SMP generating succinate-supported complex I-mediated ROS affected neither their NADH oxidase nor ROS generating activity. In contrast to SMP significant deviation from the first-order oxygen dependence in the time-course kinetics during coupled oxidation of succinate by intact mitochondria was evident. Complex I catalyzes the NADH:resorufin oxidoreductase reaction resulting in formation of colorless reduced resorufin. Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes reduced resorufin in the presence of peroxidase, thus showing its dihydroresorufin peroxidase activity. Combined NADH:resorufin reductase and dihydroresorufin peroxidase activities result in underestimation of the amount of hydrogen peroxide generated by mitochondria. We conclude that only initial rates of the mitochondrial ROS production, not the amount of resorufin accumulated, should be taken as the reliable measure of the mitochondrial ROS-generating activity, because of the cycling of the oxidized and reduced resorufin during Amplex Red assays fed by NADH and other possible reductant(s) present in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera G Grivennikova
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra V Kareyeva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei D Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation.
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46
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Berry BJ, Trewin AJ, Amitrano AM, Kim M, Wojtovich AP. Use the Protonmotive Force: Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Reactive Oxygen Species. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3873-3891. [PMID: 29626541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration results in an electrochemical proton gradient, or protonmotive force (pmf), across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The pmf is a form of potential energy consisting of charge (∆ψm) and chemical (∆pH) components, that together drive ATP production. In a process called uncoupling, proton leak into the mitochondrial matrix independent of ATP production dissipates the pmf and energy is lost as heat. Other events can directly dissipate the pmf independent of ATP production as well, such as chemical exposure or mechanisms involving regulated mitochondrial membrane electrolyte transport. Uncoupling has defined roles in metabolic plasticity and can be linked through signal transduction to physiologic events. In the latter case, the pmf impacts mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although capable of molecular damage, ROS also have signaling properties that depend on the timing, location, and quantity of their production. In this review, we provide a general overview of mitochondrial ROS production, mechanisms of uncoupling, and how these work in tandem to affect physiology and pathologies, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and immunity. Overall, we highlight that isolated bioenergetic models-mitochondria and cells-only partially recapitulate the complex link between the pmf and ROS signaling that occurs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Andrea M Amitrano
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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47
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Martínez-Cárdenas A, Chávez-Cabrera C, Vasquez-Bahena JM, Flores-Cotera LB. A common mechanism explains the induction of aerobic fermentation and adaptive antioxidant response in Phaffia rhodozyma. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:53. [PMID: 29615045 PMCID: PMC5883411 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growth conditions that bring about stress on Phaffia rhodozyma cells encourage the synthesis of astaxanthin, an antioxidant carotenoid, which protects cells against oxidative damage. Using P. rhodozyma cultures performed with and without copper limitation, we examined the kinetics of astaxanthin synthesis along with the expression of asy, the key astaxanthin synthesis gene, as well as aox, which encodes an alternative oxidase protein. Results Copper deficiency had a detrimental effect on the rates of oxygen consumption and ethanol reassimilation at the diauxic shift. In contrast, copper deficiency prompted alcoholic fermentation under aerobic conditions and had a favorable effect on the astaxanthin content of cells, as well as on aox expression. Both cultures exhibited strong aox expression while consuming ethanol, but particularly when copper was absent. Conclusion We show that the induction of either astaxanthin production, aox expression, or aerobic fermentation exemplifies the crucial role that redox imbalance plays in triggering any of these phenomena. Based on our own results and data from others, we propose a mechanism that rationalizes the central role played by changes of respiratory activity, which lead to redox imbalances, in triggering both the short-term antioxidant response as well as fermentation in yeasts and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Martínez-Cárdenas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cipriano Chávez-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.,College of Science and Technology Studies of the State of Michoacán, Loma de las Liebres 180, Fraccionamiento Lomas del Sur, 58095, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jazmín M Vasquez-Bahena
- Avi-mex Laboratory S.A de C.V, Trigo 169, Col. Granjas Esmeralda, 09810, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis B Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Wang L, Wang H, Chen X, Xu Y, Zhou T, Wang X, Lu Q, Ruan R. Using Chlorella vulgaris to treat toxic excess sludge extract, and identification of its response mechanism by proteomics approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:188-196. [PMID: 29353749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in varying proportions of toxic sludge extracts obtained from a sequencing batch reactor for treating synthetic wastewater containing chlorophenols. C. vulgaris could reduce the ecotoxicity from sludge extracts, and a positive correlation was noted between ecotoxicity removal and total organic carbon removal. In terms of cell density, the optimal proportion of sludge extracts required for the cultivation of C. vulgaris was lower than 50%. The correlation between protein content in per 106 algae and inhibition extent of ecotoxicity of the 5 groups on the day of inoculation (0.9182, p < .05) indicated a positive relationship between algal protein secretion and ecotoxicity. According to the protein expression and differential protein expression analysis, we concluded that C. vulgaris produced proteins that involved in the stress response/redox system and energy metabolism/biosynthesis to respond to the toxic environment and some other proteins related to mixotrophic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiurong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Tianjun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qian Lu
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.
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49
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Fang B, Zhang M, Ge KS, Xing HZ, Ren FZ. α-Lactalbumin-oleic acid complex kills tumor cells by inducing excess energy metabolism but inhibiting mRNA expression of the related enzymes. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4853-4863. [PMID: 29550120 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the anti-tumor α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex (α-LA-OA) may target the glycolysis of tumor cells. However, few data are available regarding the effects of α-LA-OA on energy metabolism. In this study, we measured glycolysis and mitochondrial functions in HeLa cells in response to α-LA-OA using the XF flux analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience, North Billerica, MA). The gene expression of enzymes involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transfer chain, and ATP synthesis were also evaluated. Our results show that α-LA-OA significantly enhanced the basal glycolysis and glycolytic capacity. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including the basal respiration, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity and ATP production were also improved in response to α-LA-OA. The enhanced mitochondrial functions maybe partly due to the increased capacity of utilizing fatty acids and glutamine as the substrate. However, the gene expressions of pyruvate kinase M2, lactate dehydrogenase A, aconitate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 were inhibited, suggesting an insufficient ability for the glycolysis process and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The increased expression of acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 2, a central enzyme involved in the β-oxidation of fatty acids, would enhance the unbalance due to the decreased expression of electron transfer flavoprotein β subunit, which acts as the electron acceptor. These results indicated that α-LA-OA may induce oxidative stress due to conditions in which the ATP production is exceeding the energy demand. Our results may help clarify the mechanism of apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - M Zhang
- School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - K S Ge
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - H Z Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - F Z Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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50
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Pérez H, Finocchietto PV, Alippe Y, Rebagliati I, Elguero ME, Villalba N, Poderoso JJ, Carreras MC. p66 Shc Inactivation Modifies RNS Production, Regulates Sirt3 Activity, and Improves Mitochondrial Homeostasis, Delaying the Aging Process in Mouse Brain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8561892. [PMID: 29721150 PMCID: PMC5867558 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8561892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Programmed and damage aging theories have traditionally been conceived as stand-alone schools of thought. However, the p66Shc adaptor protein has demonstrated that aging-regulating genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely interconnected, since its absence modifies metabolic homeostasis by providing oxidative stress resistance and promoting longevity. p66Shc(-/-) mice are a unique opportunity to further comprehend the bidirectional relationship between redox homeostasis and the imbalance of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics during aging. This study shows that brain mitochondria of p66Shc(-/-) aged mice exhibit a reduced alteration of redox balance with a decrease in both ROS generation and its detoxification activity. We also demonstrate a strong link between reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and mitochondrial function, morphology, and biogenesis, where low levels of ONOO- formation present in aged p66Shc(-/-) mouse brain prevent protein nitration, delaying the loss of biological functions characteristic of the aging process. Sirt3 modulates age-associated mitochondrial biology and function via lysine deacetylation of target proteins, and we show that its regulation depends on its nitration status and is benefited by the improved NAD+/NADH ratio in aged p66Shc(-/-) brain mitochondria. Low levels of protein nitration and acetylation could cause the metabolic homeostasis maintenance observed during aging in this group, thus increasing its lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Pérez
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, INIGEM-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Vanesa Finocchietto
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, INIGEM-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yael Alippe
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, INIGEM-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Inés Rebagliati
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, INIGEM-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Nerina Villalba
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, INIGEM-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Poderoso
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, INIGEM-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Carreras
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, INIGEM-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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