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Hosseini FS, Ahmadi A, Kesharwani P, Hosseini H, Sahebkar A. Regulatory effects of statins on Akt signaling for prevention of cancers. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111213. [PMID: 38729324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Statins, which are primarily used as lipid-lowering drugs, have been found to exhibit anti-tumor effects through modulating and interfering with various signaling pathways. In observational studies, statin use has been associated with a significant reduction in the progression of various cancers, including colon, lung, prostate, pancreas, and esophagus cancer, as well as melanoma and B and T cell lymphoma. The mevalonate pathway, which is affected by statins, plays a crucial role in activating Rho, Ras, and Rab proteins, thereby impacting the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Statins block this pathway, leading to the inhibition of isoprenoid units, which are critical for the activation of these key proteins, thereby affecting cancer cell behavior. Additionally, statins affect MAPK and Cdk2, which in turn reduce the expression of p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Akt signaling plays a crucial role in key cancer cell features like proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis by activating multiple effectors in downstream pathways such as FOXO, PTEN, NF-κB, GSK3β, and mTOR. The PI3K/Akt signaling is necessary for many events in the metastatic pathway and has been implicated in the resistance to cytostatic drugs. The Akt/PTEN axis is currently attracting great interest for its role in carcinogenesis. Statins have been shown to activate the purinergic receptor P2X7 and affect Akt signaling, which may have important anti-cancer effects. Hence, targeting Akt shows promise as an effective approach to cancer prevention and therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the specific impact of statins through Akt signaling in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Corsetti G, Pasini E, Scarabelli TM, Romano C, Singh A, Scarabelli CC, Dioguardi FS. Importance of Energy, Dietary Protein Sources, and Amino Acid Composition in the Regulation of Metabolism: An Indissoluble Dynamic Combination for Life. Nutrients 2024; 16:2417. [PMID: 39125298 PMCID: PMC11313897 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to present a unique perspective that emphasizes the intricate interplay between energy, dietary proteins, and amino acid composition, underscoring their mutual dependence for health-related considerations. Energy and protein synthesis are fundamental to biological processes, crucial for the sustenance of life and the growth of organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We explore the intricate relationship between energy metabolism, protein synthesis, regulatory mechanisms, protein sources, amino acid availability, and autophagy in order to elucidate how these elements collectively maintain cellular homeostasis. We underscore the vital role this dynamic interplay has in preserving cell life. CONCLUSIONS A deeper understanding of the link between energy and protein synthesis is essential to comprehend fundamental cellular processes. This insight could have a wide-ranging impact in several medical fields, such as nutrition, metabolism, and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corsetti
- Division of Human Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25023 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Evasio Pasini
- Italian Association of Functional Medicine, 20855 Lesmo, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25023 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Romano
- Division of Human Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25023 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Arashpreet Singh
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, NC 27546, USA;
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Zhao YC, Gao BH. Integrative effects of resistance training and endurance training on mitochondrial remodeling in skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05549-5. [PMID: 38981937 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Resistance training activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of hypertrophy for strength gain, while endurance training increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) pathway of mitochondrial biogenesis benefiting oxidative phosphorylation. The conventional view suggests that resistance training-induced hypertrophy signaling interferes with endurance training-induced mitochondrial remodeling. However, this idea has been challenged because acute leg press and knee extension in humans enhance both muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial remodeling signals. Thus, we first examined the muscle mitochondrial remodeling and hypertrophy signals with endurance training and resistance training, respectively. In addition, we discussed the influence of resistance training on muscle mitochondria, demonstrating that the PGC-1α-mediated muscle mitochondrial adaptation and hypertrophy occur simultaneously. The second aim was to discuss the integrative effects of concurrent training, which consists of endurance and resistance training sessions on mitochondrial remodeling. The study found that the resistance training component does not reduce muscle mitochondrial remodeling signals in concurrent training. On the contrary, concurrent training has the potential to amplify skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis compared to a single exercise model. Concurrent training involving differential sequences of resistance and endurance training may result in varied mitochondrial biogenesis signals, which should be linked to the pre-activation of mTOR or PGC-1α signaling. Our review proposed a mechanism for mTOR signaling that promotes PGC-1α signaling through unidentified pathways. This mechanism may be account for the superior muscle mitochondrial remodeling change following the concurrent training. Our review suggested an interaction between resistance training and endurance training in skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cai Zhao
- College of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, No. 16 Donghai Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Bing-Hong Gao
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, No. 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Ning J, Huai J, Wang S, Yan J, Su R, Zhang M, Liu M, Yang H. METTL3 regulates glucose transporter expression in placenta exposed to hyperglycemia through the mTOR signaling pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1563-1575. [PMID: 37963715 PMCID: PMC11230790 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the placental expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs), the crucial maternal-fetal nutrient transporters, have been found in women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP). However, there is still uncertainty about the underlying effect of the high-glucose environment on placental GLUTs expression in HIP. METHODS We quantitatively evaluated the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and expression of GLUTs (GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4) in the placenta of women with normal pregnancies (CTRL, n = 12) and pregnant women complicated with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n = 12) by immunohistochemistry. In addition, BeWo cells were treated with different glucose concentrations to verify the regulation of hyperglycemia. Then, changes in the expression of GLUTs following the activation or suppression of the mTOR pathway were also assessed using MHY1485/rapamycin (RAPA) treatment or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing approaches. Moreover, we further explored the alteration and potential upstream regulatory role of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) when exposed to hyperglycemia. RESULTS mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), and GLUT1 protein levels were upregulated in the placenta of women with T2DM compared with those CTRL. In BeWo cells, mTOR activity increased with increasing glucose concentration, and the expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 as well as GLUT1 cell membrane translocation were upregulated by hyperglycemia to varying degrees. Both the drug-mediated and genetic depletion of mTOR signaling in BeWo cells suppressed GLUTs expression, whereas MHY1485-induced mTOR activation upregulated GLUTs expression. Additionally, high glucose levels upregulated METTL3 expression and nuclear translocation, and decreasing METTL3 levels suppressed GLUTs expression and mTOR activity and vice versa . Furthermore, in METTL3 knockdown BeWo cells, the inhibitory effect on GLUTs expression was eliminated by activating the mTOR signaling pathway using MHY1485. CONCLUSION High-glucose environment-induced upregulation of METTL3 in trophoblasts regulates the expression of GLUTs through mTOR signaling, contributing to disordered nutrient transport in women with HIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jing Huai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Rina Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Muqiu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Mengtong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
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Breitenecker K, Heiden D, Demmer T, Weber G, Primorac AM, Hedrich V, Ortmayr G, Gruenberger T, Starlinger P, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Barozzi I, Mikulits W. Tumor-Extrinsic Axl Expression Shapes an Inflammatory Microenvironment Independent of Tumor Cell Promoting Axl Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4202. [PMID: 38673795 PMCID: PMC11050718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl by Gas6 is a major driver of tumorigenesis. Despite recent insights, tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic Axl functions are poorly understood in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, we analyzed the cell-specific aspects of Axl in liver cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment. We show that tumor-intrinsic Axl expression decreased the survival of mice and elevated the number of pulmonary metastases in a model of resection-based tumor recurrence. Axl expression increased the invasion of hepatospheres by the activation of Akt signaling and a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the liver tumor burden of Axl+/+ mice induced by diethylnitrosamine plus carbon tetrachloride was reduced compared to systemic Axl-/- mice. Tumors of Axl+/+ mice were highly infiltrated with cytotoxic cells, suggesting a key immune-modulatory role of Axl. Interestingly, hepatocyte-specific Axl deficiency did not alter T cell infiltration, indicating that these changes are independent of tumor cell-intrinsic Axl. In this context, we observed an upregulation of multiple chemokines in Axl+/+ compared to Axl-/- tumors, correlating with HCC patient data. In line with this, Axl is associated with a cytotoxic immune signature in HCC patients. Together these data show that tumor-intrinsic Axl expression fosters progression, while tumor-extrinsic Axl expression shapes an inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Breitenecker
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
| | - Denise Heiden
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
| | - Tobias Demmer
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
| | - Gerhard Weber
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
| | - Ana-Maria Primorac
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
| | - Viola Hedrich
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
| | - Gregor Ortmayr
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
| | - Thomas Gruenberger
- Department of Surgery, HPB Center, Viennese Health Network, Clinic Favoriten and Sigmund Freud Private University, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
| | - Iros Barozzi
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.H.); (T.D.); (G.W.); (V.H.); (G.O.); (D.H.-B.); (I.B.)
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Rawat SS, Laxmi A. Sugar signals pedal the cell cycle! FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354561. [PMID: 38562561 PMCID: PMC10982403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle involves the sequential and reiterative progression of important events leading to cell division. Progression through a specific phase of the cell cycle is under the control of various factors. Since the cell cycle in multicellular eukaryotes responds to multiple extracellular mitogenic cues, its study in higher forms of life becomes all the more important. One such factor regulating cell cycle progression in plants is sugar signalling. Because the growth of organs depends on both cell growth and proliferation, sugars sensing and signalling are key control points linking sugar perception to regulation of downstream factors which facilitate these key developmental transitions. However, the basis of cell cycle control via sugars is intricate and demands exploration. This review deals with the information on sugar and TOR-SnRK1 signalling and how they manoeuvre various events of the cell cycle to ensure proper growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Jin J, He J, Li X, Ni X, Jin X. The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway: A potential target for cancer therapy. Gene 2023; 889:147807. [PMID: 37722609 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway controls key cellular processes, including proliferation and tumor progression, and abnormally high activation of this pathway is a hallmark in human cancers. The post-translational modification, such as Ubiquitination and deubiquitination, fine-tuning the protein level and the activity of members in this pathway play a pivotal role in maintaining normal physiological process. Emerging evidence show that the unbalanced ubiquitination/deubiquitination modification leads to human diseases via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may be helpful to uncover the underlying mechanism and improve the potential treatment of cancer via targeting this pathway. Herein, we summarize the latest research progress of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, systematically discuss the associated crosstalk between them, as well as focus the clinical transformation via targeting ubiquitination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaoqi Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Das GC, Hollinger FB. GSK-3β as a Potential Coordinator of Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways in Hepatitis C Virus Insulin Resistance. Intervirology 2023; 67:6-18. [PMID: 38104537 PMCID: PMC10794973 DOI: 10.1159/000535787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis C infection can result in insulin resistance (IR). We have previously shown that it occurs through the interaction of pathways for glucose homeostasis, insulin signaling, and autophagy. But it is not known how soon the pathways are activated and how IR is related to the signals generated by catabolic and anabolic conditions occurring in infected cells. We have extended our studies to a cell culture system mimicking acute infection and to downstream pathways involving energy-sensor AMPK and nutrient-sensor mTOR that are active in catabolic and anabolic processes within the infected cells. METHODS Huh7 liver cells in culture were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We performed proteomics analysis of key proteins in infected cells by Western blotting and IP experiments, with or without IFNα exposure as a component of conventional therapeutic strategy. RESULTS We present evidence that (a) IRS-1 Ser312, Beclin-1, protein conjugate Atg12-Atg5 or GS Ser641 are up-regulated early in infection presumably by activating the same pathways as utilized for persistent infection; (b) Bcl-XL, an inhibitor of both autophagy and apoptosis, is present in a core complex with IRS-1 Ser312 and Beclin-1 during progression of IR; (c) AMPK level remains about the same in infected cells where it is activated by phosphorylation at Thr172 concomitant with increased autophagy, a hallmark of catabolic conditions; (d) an mTOR level that promotes anabolism is increased rather than decreased under an expanded autophagy; (e) hypophosphorylation of translational repressor 4E-BP1 downstream of mTOR is suggestive of reduced protein synthesis; and (f) β-catenin, is up-regulated but not phosphorylated suggesting indirectly our previous contention that its kinase, GSK-3β, is mostly in an inactive state. CONCLUSION We report that in the development of IR following chronic infection, anabolic and catabolic pathways are activated early, and the metabolic interaction occurs possibly in a core complex with IRS-1 Ser312, Beclin-1, and autophagy inhibitor Bcl-XL. Induction of autophagy is usually controlled by a two-edged mechanism acting in opposition under anabolic and catabolic conditions by AMPK/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway with GSK-3β-mediated feedback loops. However, we have observed an up-regulation of mTOR along with an up-regulation of AMPK caused by HCV infection is a deviation from the normal scenario described above which might be of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul C Das
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - F Blaine Hollinger
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Song X, Kirtipal N, Lee S, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Current therapeutic targets and multifaceted physiological impacts of caffeine. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5558-5598. [PMID: 37679309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, which shares consubstantial structural similarity with purine adenosine, has been demonstrated as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist for eliciting most of the biological functions at physiologically relevant dosages. Accumulating evidence supports caffeine's beneficial effects against different disorders, such as total cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, paradoxical effects are also linked to caffeine ingestion in humans including hypertension-hypotension and tachycardia-bradycardia. These observations suggest the association of caffeine action with its ingested concentration and/or concurrent interaction with preferential molecular targets to direct explicit events in the human body. Thus, a coherent analysis of the functional targets of caffeine, relevant to normal physiology, and disease pathophysiology, is required to understand the pharmacology of caffeine. This review provides a broad overview of the experimentally validated targets of caffeine, particularly those of therapeutic interest, and the impacts of caffeine on organ-specific physiology and pathophysiology. Overall, the available empirical and epidemiological evidence supports the dose-dependent functional activities of caffeine and advocates for further studies to get insights into the caffeine-induced changes under specific conditions, such as asthma, DNA repair, and cancer, in view of its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
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Tseng DY, Wang ST, Ballantyne R, Liu CH. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) negatively regulates the immunity and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108884. [PMID: 37302677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp immunology is vital in establishing prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for controlling pathological problems that threaten shrimp production. Apart from dietary treatments, the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important regulatory enzyme that restores cellular energy balance during metabolic and physiological stress, is known to have therapeutic potential to improve shrimp's defense mechanism. Despite this, studies targeting the AMPK pathway in shrimp exposed to stressful conditions are vastly limited. In this study, AMPK was knocked down to assess the immunological changes and white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Shrimps were injected individually and simultaneously with dsRNA targeting specific genes such as AMPK, Rheb, and TOR, after which the hepatopancreas was analyzed for the different gene expressions. The gene expressions of AMPK, Rheb, and TOR were effectively suppressed after being treated with dsRNAs. The Western blot analysis further confirmed a reduction in the protein concentration of AMPK and Rheb in the hepatopancreas. The suppression of AMPK gene led to a robust increase in the shrimp's resistance to V. alginolyticus, whereas the activation of AMPK by metformin decreased the shrimp's disease resistance. Among the mTOR downstream targets, the HIF-1α expression in shrimp treated with dsAMPK significantly increased at 48 h but returned to normal levels when shrimp were treated with dsAMPK and either dsRheb or dsTOR. Immune responses such as respiratory burst, lysozyme activity, and phagocytic activity increased, while superoxide dismutase activity decreased following the knockdown of the AMPK gene compared to the control group. However, co-injection with dsAMPK and dsTOR or dsRheb restored immune responses to normal levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the inactivation of AMPK may ameliorate shrimp's innate immune response to recognize and defend against pathogens via the AMPK/mTOR1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Yu Tseng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan
| | - Sz-Tsan Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Rolissa Ballantyne
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
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Viettri M, Caraballo G, Sanchez ME, Espejel-Nuñez A, Betanzos A, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Nava P, Ludert JE. Comparative Infections of Zika, Dengue, and Yellow Fever Viruses in Human Cytotrophoblast-Derived Cells Suggest a Gating Role for the Cytotrophoblast in Zika Virus Placental Invasion. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0063023. [PMID: 37227282 PMCID: PMC10269719 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00630-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is teratogenic and considered a TORCH pathogen (toxoplasmosis [Toxoplasma gondii], rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus [HSV], and other microorganisms capable of crossing the blood-placenta barrier). In contrast, the related flavivirus dengue virus (DENV) and the attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine strain (YFV-17D) are not. Understanding the mechanisms used by ZIKV to cross the placenta is necessary. In this work, parallel infections with ZIKV of African and Asian lineages, DENV, and YFV-17D were compared for kinetics and growth efficiency, activation of mTOR pathways, and cytokine secretion profile using cytotrophoblast-derived HTR8 cells and monocytic U937 cells differentiated to M2 macrophages. In HTR8 cells, ZIKV replication, especially the African strain, was significantly more efficient and faster than DENV or YFV-17D. In macrophages, ZIKV replication was also more efficient, although differences between strains were reduced. Greater activation of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways in HTR8 cells infected with ZIKV than with DENV or YFV-17D was observed. HTR8 cells treated with mTOR inhibitors showed a 20-fold reduction in ZIKV yield, versus 5- and 3.5-fold reductions for DENV and YFV-17D, respectively. Finally, infection with ZIKV, but not DENV or YFV-17D, efficiently inhibited the interferon (IFN) and chemoattractant responses in both cell lines. These results suggest a gating role for the cytotrophoblast cells in favoring entry of ZIKV, but not DENV and YFV-17D, into the placental stroma. IMPORTANCE Zika virus acquisition during pregnancy is associated with severe fetal damage. The Zika virus is related to dengue virus and yellow fever virus, yet fetal damage has not been related to dengue or inadvertent vaccination for yellow fever during pregnancy. Mechanisms used by the Zika virus to cross the placenta need to be deciphered. By comparing parallel infections of Zika virus strains belonging to the African and Asian lineages, dengue virus, and the yellow fever vaccine virus strain YFV-17D in placenta-derived cytotrophoblast cells and differentiated macrophages, evidence was found that Zika virus infections, especially by the African strains, were more efficient in cytotrophoblast cells than dengue virus or yellow fever vaccine virus strain infections. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in macrophages. Robust activation of the mTOR signaling pathways and inhibition of the IFN and chemoattractant response appear to be related to the better growth capacity of the Zika viruses in the cytotrophoblast-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Viettri
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerson Caraballo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Sanchez
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Abigail Betanzos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Porfirio Nava
- Department of Biophysical Physiology and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan E. Ludert
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Cuddy SR, Cliffe AR. The Intersection of Innate Immune Pathways with the Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Genome. J Virol 2023; 97:e0135222. [PMID: 37129520 PMCID: PMC10231182 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01352-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses can impact different stages of viral life cycles. Herpes simplex virus latent infection of neurons and subsequent reactivation provide a unique context for immune responses to intersect with different stages of infection. Here, we discuss recent findings linking neuronal innate immune pathways with the modulation of latent infection, acting at the time of reactivation and during initial neuronal infection to have a long-term impact on the ability of the virus to reactivate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Cuddy
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna R. Cliffe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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13
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Riquelme I, Pérez-Moreno P, Mora-Lagos B, Ili C, Brebi P, Roa JC. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as Regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Gastric Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076294. [PMID: 37047267 PMCID: PMC10094576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) represents ~10% of the global cancer-related deaths, increasingly affecting the younger population in active stages of life. The high mortality of GC is due to late diagnosis, the presence of metastasis and drug resistance development. Additionally, current clinical markers do not guide the patient management adequately, thereby new and more reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets are still needed for this disease. RNA-seq technology has allowed the discovery of new types of RNA transcripts including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are able to regulate the gene/protein expression of many signaling pathways (e.g., the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway) in cancer cells by diverse molecular mechanisms. In addition, these lncRNAs might also be proposed as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers or as potential therapeutic targets in GC. This review describes important topics about some lncRNAs that have been described as regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and hence, their potential oncogenic role in the development of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Riquelme
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (J.C.R.); Tel.: +56-95923-6933 (I.R.); +56-22354-1061 (J.C.R.)
| | - Pablo Pérez-Moreno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Carmen Ili
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (J.C.R.); Tel.: +56-95923-6933 (I.R.); +56-22354-1061 (J.C.R.)
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14
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Zhang Y, Li H, Lv L, Lu K, Li H, Zhang W, Cui T. Autophagy: Dual roles and perspective for clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Biochimie 2023; 206:49-60. [PMID: 36244578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) raises concerns to people because of its high recurrence and metastasis rate, diagnosis challenges, and poor prognosis. Various studies have shown the association of altered autophagy with tumorigenesis, tumor-stroma interactions, and resistance to cancer therapy in CRC. Autophagy is a highly conserved cytosolic catabolic process in eukaryotes that plays distinct roles in CRC occurrence and progression. In early tumorigenesis, autophagy may inhibit tumor growth through diverse mechanisms, whereas it exhibits a tumor promoting function in CRC progression. This different functions of autophagy in CRC occurrence and progression make developing therapies targeting autophagy complicated. In this review, we discuss the classification and process of autophagy as well as its dual roles in CRC, functions in the tumor microenvironment, cross-talk with apoptosis, and potential usefulness as a CRC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Huihui Li
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Cui
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Stevenson VB, Klahn S, LeRoith T, Huckle WR. Canine melanoma: A review of diagnostics and comparative mechanisms of disease and immunotolerance in the era of the immunotherapies. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1046636. [PMID: 36686160 PMCID: PMC9853198 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1046636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanomas in humans and dogs are highly malignant and resistant to therapy. Since the first development of immunotherapies, interest in how the immune system interacts within the tumor microenvironment and plays a role in tumor development, progression, or remission has increased. Of major importance are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) where distribution and cell frequencies correlate with survival and therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, efforts have been made to identify subsets of TILs populations that can contribute to a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting environment, such as the case with T regulatory cells versus CD8 T cells. Furthermore, cancerous cells have the capacity to express certain inhibitory checkpoint molecules, including CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-L2, that can suppress the immune system, a property associated with poor prognosis, a high rate of recurrence, and metastasis. Comparative oncology brings insights to comprehend the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and immunotolerance in humans and dogs, contributing to the development of new therapeutic agents that can modulate the immune response against the tumor. Therapies that target signaling pathways such as mTOR and MEK/ERK that are upregulated in cancer, or immunotherapies with different approaches such as CAR-T cells engineered for specific tumor-associated antigens, DNA vaccines using human tyrosinase or CGSP-4 antigen, anti-PD-1 or -PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies that intercept their binding inhibiting the suppression of the T cells, and lymphokine-activated killer cells are already in development for treating canine tumors. This review provides concise and recent information about diagnosis, comparative mechanisms of tumor development and progression, and the current status of immunotherapies directed toward canine melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina B. Stevenson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States,Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - William R. Huckle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States,*Correspondence: William R. Huckle ✉
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16
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Huang Z, Chen CW, Buj R, Tangudu NK, Fang RS, Leon KE, Dahl ES, Varner EL, von Krusenstiern E, Cole AR, Snyder NW, Aird KM. ATM inhibition drives metabolic adaptation via induction of macropinocytosis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202007026. [PMID: 36399181 PMCID: PMC9679964 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a nonspecific endocytic process that may enhance cancer cell survival under nutrient-poor conditions. Ataxia-Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a tumor suppressor that has been previously shown to play a role in cellular metabolic reprogramming. We report that the suppression of ATM increases macropinocytosis to promote cancer cell survival in nutrient-poor conditions. Combined inhibition of ATM and macropinocytosis suppressed proliferation and induced cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Supplementation of ATM-inhibited cells with amino acids, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in particular, abrogated macropinocytosis. Analysis of ATM-inhibited cells in vitro demonstrated increased BCAA uptake, and metabolomics of ascites and interstitial fluid from tumors indicated decreased BCAAs in the microenvironment of ATM-inhibited tumors. These data reveal a novel basis of ATM-mediated tumor suppression whereby loss of ATM stimulates protumorigenic uptake of nutrients in part via macropinocytosis to promote cancer cell survival and reveal a potential metabolic vulnerability of ATM-inhibited cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentai Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richard S. Fang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kelly E. Leon
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Erika S. Dahl
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Erika L. Varner
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eliana von Krusenstiern
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aidan R. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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17
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Chiba T, Maeda T. Human Milk Exosomes Induce ZO-1 Expression via Inhibition of REDD1 Expression in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:893-897. [PMID: 37394640 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Human milk exosomes (HMEs) enhance intestinal barrier function and contribute to an improvement in inflammation and mucosal injury, such as necrotizing enteritis (NEC), in infants. Here, we aimed to elucidate the intracellular factors involved in HME-induced expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a tight junction protein, in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. HME treatment for 72 h significantly increased transepithelial electrical resistance in these cells. The mean ZO-1 protein levels in cells treated with HME for 72 h were significantly higher than those in the control cells. The mRNA and protein levels of regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) in HME-treated cells were significantly lower than those in the control cells. Although HME treatment did not increase the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) level in Caco-2 cells, it significantly increased the phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) level and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio. The ZO-1 protein levels in cells treated with an inducer of REDD1, cobalt chloride (CoCl2) alone were significantly lower than those in the control cells. However, ZO-1 protein levels in cells co-treated with HME and CoCl2 were significantly higher than those in cells treated with CoCl2 alone. Additionally, REDD1 protein levels in cells treated with CoCl2 alone were significantly higher than those in the control cells. However, REDD1 protein levels in cells co-treated with HME and CoCl2 were significantly lower than those in cells treated with CoCl2 alone. This HME-mediated effect may contribute to the development of barrier function in the infant intestine and protect infants from diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Chiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science
- Creation Research Institute of Life Science in KITA-no-DAICHI, Hokkaido University of Science
| | - Tomoji Maeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
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18
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Baek SW, Kim DS, Song DH, Kim HB, Lee S, Kim JH, Lee JK, Hong YJ, Park CG, Han DK. Reduced restenosis and enhanced re-endothelialization of functional biodegradable vascular scaffolds by everolimus and magnesium hydroxide. Biomater Res 2022; 26:86. [PMID: 36544178 PMCID: PMC9768885 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is a cardiovascular disease with a high mortality and mortality rate in modern society. Vascular stent insertion to restore blood flow is essential to treat this disease. A fully biodegradable vascular scaffold (BVS) is a vascular poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) stent that is receiving growing interest as this is biodegradable in the body and does not require secondary removal surgery. However, acidic byproducts composed of PLLA produced during the biodegradation of the BVS can induce an inflammatory response. Magnesium hydroxide, a basic inorganic particle, neutralizes the acidic byproducts of PLLA. METHODS: In this study, we investigated using a BVS coated with everolimus and surface-modified magnesium hydroxide that suppresses smooth muscle cell proliferation and protects endothelial cells, respectively. The various characteristics of the functional stent were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo analyses. RESULTS: The BVS was successfully prepared with evenly coated everolimus and surface-modified magnesium hydroxide. A neutral pH value was maintained by magnesium hydroxide during degradation, and everolimus was released for one month. The coated BVS effectively inhibited protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, demonstrating excellent blood compatibility. In vitro analysis showed that BVS protects endothelial cells with magnesium hydroxide and selectively inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation via everolimus treatment. The functional BVS was inserted into porcine coronary arteries for 28 days, and the results demonstrated that the restenosis and inflammation greatly decreased and re-endothelialization was enhanced as compared to others. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the design of drug-incorporated BVS stent for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woon Baek
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419 Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419 Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea ,grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Korea
| | - Duck Hyun Song
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
| | - Han Byul Kim
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XThe Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam, National University Hospital Designated By Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Korea
| | - Semi Lee
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Lee
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Cardiology of Chonnam, Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated By Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419 Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419 Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
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19
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Nakamura M, Satoh N, Horita S, Nangaku M. Insulin-induced mTOR signaling and gluconeogenesis in renal proximal tubules: A mini-review of current evidence and therapeutic potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015204. [PMID: 36299884 PMCID: PMC9589488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy is continuously expended in the body, and gluconeogenesis maintains glucose homeostasis during starvation. Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidneys. The proximal tubule is the primary location for renal gluconeogenesis, accounting for up to 25% and 60% of endogenous glucose production during fasting and after a meal, respectively. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which exists downstream of the insulin pathway, plays an important role in regulating proximal tubular gluconeogenesis. mTOR is an atypical serine/threonine kinase present in two complexes. mTORC1 phosphorylates substrates that enhance anabolic processes such as mRNA translation and lipid synthesis and catabolic processes such as autophagy. mTORC2 regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and controls ion transport and proliferation via phosphorylation of SGK1. Therefore, mTOR signaling defects have been implicated in various pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, concrete elucidations of the associated mechanisms are still unclear. This review provides an overview of mTOR and describes the relationship between mTOR and renal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Nakamura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Tian Q, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu K, Zeng Q, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen ZS, He Y. Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:358. [PMID: 36209270 PMCID: PMC9547882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianlin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Ali ES, Lipońska A, O'Hara BP, Amici DR, Torno MD, Gao P, Asara JM, Yap MNF, Mendillo ML, Ben-Sahra I. The mTORC1-SLC4A7 axis stimulates bicarbonate import to enhance de novo nucleotide synthesis. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3284-3298.e7. [PMID: 35772404 PMCID: PMC9444906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions maintain pH homeostasis in eukaryotic cells and serve as a carbonyl donor to support cellular metabolism. However, whether the abundance of HCO3- is regulated or harnessed to promote cell growth is unknown. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) adjusts cellular metabolism to support biomass production and cell growth. We find that mTORC1 stimulates the intracellular transport of HCO3- to promote nucleotide synthesis through the selective translational regulation of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter SLC4A7. Downstream of mTORC1, SLC4A7 mRNA translation required the S6K-dependent phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF4B. In mTORC1-driven cells, loss of SLC4A7 resulted in reduced cell and tumor growth and decreased flux through de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis in human cells and tumors without altering the intracellular pH. Thus, mTORC1 signaling, through the control of SLC4A7 expression, harnesses environmental bicarbonate to promote anabolic metabolism, cell biomass, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunus S Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anna Lipońska
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brendan P O'Hara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David R Amici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael D Torno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mee-Ngan F Yap
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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22
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Kadkhoda J, Tarighatnia A, Nader ND, Aghanejad A. Targeting mitochondria in cancer therapy: Insight into photodynamic and photothermal therapies. Life Sci 2022; 307:120898. [PMID: 35987340 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical multifunctional organelles in cells that generate power, produce reactive oxygen species, and regulate cell survival. Mitochondria that are dysfunctional are eliminated via mitophagy as a way to protect cells under moderate stress and physiological conditions. However, mitophagy is a double-edged sword and can trigger cell death under severe stresses. By targeting mitochondria, photodynamic (PD) and photothermal (PT) therapies may play a role in treating cancer. These therapeutic modalities alter mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby affecting respiratory chain function and generation of reactive oxygen species promotes signaling pathways for cell death. In this regard, PDT, PTT, various mitochondrion-targeting agents and therapeutic methods could have exploited the vital role of mitochondria as the doorway to regulated cell death. Targeted mitochondrial therapies would provide an excellent opportunity for effective mitochondrial injury and accurate tumor erosion. Herein, we summarize the recent progress on the roles of PD and PT treatments in regulating cancerous cell death in relation to mitochondrial targeting and the signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Kadkhoda
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighatnia
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader D Nader
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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23
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The Role of Hsp90-R2TP in Macromolecular Complex Assembly and Stabilization. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081045. [PMID: 36008939 PMCID: PMC9406135 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone involved in many cell signaling pathways, and its interactions with specific chaperones and cochaperones determines which client proteins to fold. Hsp90 has been shown to be involved in the promotion and maintenance of proper protein complex assembly either alone or in association with other chaperones such as the R2TP chaperone complex. Hsp90-R2TP acts through several mechanisms, such as by controlling the transcription of protein complex subunits, stabilizing protein subcomplexes before their incorporation into the entire complex, and by recruiting adaptors that facilitate complex assembly. Despite its many roles in protein complex assembly, detailed mechanisms of how Hsp90-R2TP assembles protein complexes have yet to be determined, with most findings restricted to proteomic analyses and in vitro interactions. This review will discuss our current understanding of the function of Hsp90-R2TP in the assembly, stabilization, and activity of the following seven classes of protein complexes: L7Ae snoRNPs, spliceosome snRNPs, RNA polymerases, PIKKs, MRN, TSC, and axonemal dynein arms.
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24
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The mTOR Signaling Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis; from Animal Models to Human Data. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158077. [PMID: 35897651 PMCID: PMC9332053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article recapitulates the evidence on the role of mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) complex pathways in multiple sclerosis (MS). Key biological processes that intersect with mTOR signaling cascades include autophagy, inflammasome activation, innate (e.g., microglial) and adaptive (B and T cell) immune responses, and axonal and neuronal toxicity/degeneration. There is robust evidence that mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, ameliorate the clinical course of the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). New, evolving data unravel mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect on EAE, which include balance among T-effector and T-regulatory cells, and mTOR effects on myeloid cell function, polarization, and antigen presentation, with relevance to MS pathogenesis. Radiologic and preliminary clinical data from a phase 2 randomized, controlled trial of temsirolimus (a rapamycin analogue) in MS show moderate efficacy, with significant adverse effects. Large clinical trials of indirect mTOR inhibitors (metformin) in MS are lacking; however, a smaller prospective, non-randomized study shows some potentially promising radiological results in combination with ex vivo beneficial effects on immune cells that might warrant further investigation. Importantly, the study of mTOR pathway contributions to autoimmune inflammatory demyelination and multiple sclerosis illustrates the difficulties in the clinical application of animal model results. Nevertheless, it is not inconceivable that targeting metabolism in the future with cell-selective mTOR inhibitors (compared to the broad inhibitors tried to date) could be developed to improve efficacy and reduce side effects.
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25
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Nguyen H, Zhu W, Baltan S. Casein Kinase 2 Signaling in White Matter Stroke. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:908521. [PMID: 35911974 PMCID: PMC9325966 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.908521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of the aging population, together with improved stroke care, has resulted in an increase in stroke survivors and a rise in recurrent events. Axonal injury and white matter (WM) dysfunction are responsible for much of the disability observed after stroke. The mechanisms of WM injury are distinct compared to gray matter and change with age. Therefore, an ideal stroke therapeutic must restore neuronal and axonal function when applied before or after a stroke, and it must also protect across age groups. Casein kinase 2 (CK2), is expressed in the brain, including WM, and is regulated during the development and numerous disease conditions such as cancer and ischemia. CK2 activation in WM mediates ischemic injury by activating the Cdk5 and AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways. Consequently, CK2 inhibition using the small molecule inhibitor CX-4945 (Silmitasertib) correlates with preservation of oligodendrocytes, conservation of axon structure, and axonal mitochondria, leading to improved functional recovery. Remarkably, CK2 inhibition promotes WM function when applied after ischemic injury by specifically regulating the AKT/GSK3β pathways. The blockade of the active conformation of AKT confers post-ischemic protection to young and old WM by preserving mitochondria, implying AKT as a common therapeutic target across age groups. Using a NanoString nCounter miRNA expression profiling, comparative analyses of ischemic WM with or without CX-4945 treatment reveal that miRNAs are expressed at high levels in WM after ischemia, and CX-4945 differentially regulates some of these miRNAs. Therefore, we propose that miRNA regulation may be one of the protective actions of CX-4945 against WM ischemic injury. Silmitasertib is FDA approved and currently in use for cancer and Covid patients; therefore, it is plausible to repurpose CK2 inhibitors for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selva Baltan
- Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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26
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The Rab11-regulated endocytic pathway and BDNF/TrkB signaling: Roles in plasticity changes and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105796. [PMID: 35728773 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells that rely on the intracellular transport of organelles. This process is regulated by molecular motors such as dynein and kinesins and the Rab family of monomeric GTPases that together help move cargo along microtubules in dendrites, somas, and axons. Rab5-Rab11 GTPases regulate receptor trafficking along early-recycling endosomes, which is a process that determines the intracellular signaling output of different signaling pathways, including those triggered by BDNF binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB. BDNF is a well-recognized neurotrophic factor that regulates experience-dependent plasticity in different circuits in the brain. The internalization of the BDNF/TrkB complex results in signaling endosomes that allow local signaling in dendrites and presynaptic terminals, nuclear signaling in somas and dynein-mediated long-distance signaling from axons to cell bodies. In this review, we briefly discuss the organization of the endocytic pathway and how Rab11-recycling endosomes interact with other endomembrane systems. We further expand upon the roles of the Rab11-recycling pathway in neuronal plasticity. Then, we discuss the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways and their functional relationships with the postendocytic trafficking of BDNF, including axonal transport, emphasizing the role of BDNF signaling endosomes, particularly Rab5-Rab11 endosomes, in neuronal plasticity. Finally, we discuss the evidence indicating that the dysfunction of the early-recycling pathway impairs BDNF signaling, contributing to several neurodegenerative diseases.
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27
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Ge Y, Li F, He Y, Cao Y, Guo W, Hu G, Liu J, Fu S. L-arginine stimulates the proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells and the development of mammary gland in pubertal mice by activating the GPRC6A/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1383-1395. [PMID: 35616019 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids have been shown to affect the development of mammary gland (MG). However, it is unclear whether L-arginine promotes the development of pubertal MG. Therefore, our study aims to explore the effect of L-arginine on the development of MG in pubertal mice. To investigate its internal mechanism of action, we will use mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs) line. Whole-mount staining showed that L-arginine can promote the extension of MG duct. In vitro, 0.4 mM L-arginine could activate the G protein-coupled receptor family C, group 6, subtype A (GPRC6A)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway and increase the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) to promote the synthesis of cell cycle regulatory protein D1 (Cyclin D1), leading to the dissociation of the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein (Rb)-E2F1 transcription factor (E2F1) complex in mMECs and releasing E2F1 to promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, GPRC6A was knocked down or inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway with corresponding inhibitors completely abolished the arginine-induced promotion of mMECs proliferation. In vivo, it was further confirmed that 0.1% L-arginine can activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in the MG of pubertal mice. These results were able to indicate that L-arginine stimulates the development of MG in pubertal mice through the GPRC6A/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Ge
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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28
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Duan S, Wang C, Xu X, Zhang X, Su G, Li Y, Fu S, Sun P, Tian J. Peripheral Serum Exosomes Isolated from Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Promote Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis via the miR-126-3p/TSC1/mTORC1/HIF-1α Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1577-1592. [PMID: 35400999 PMCID: PMC8988947 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s338937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Angiogenesis is required for improving myocardial function and is a key factor in long-term prognosis after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although exosomes are known to play a crucial role in angiogenesis, the role of peripheral exosomes in angiogenic signal transduction in patients with AMI remains unclear. Here, we explored the effect of exosomes extracted from the peripheral serum of AMI patients on angiogenesis and elucidated the downstream pathways. Patients and Methods Serum exosomes were obtained from patients with AMI (AMI-Exo) and healthy individuals (Con-Exo). The exosomes were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, with aortic rings ex vivo, and were used to treat mouse hind-limb ischemia and mouse AMI model in vivo. Results AMI-Exo raised HUVEC proliferation, tube formation, and migration, and enhanced microvessel sprouting from aortic rings compared to Con-Exo, both in vitro and ex vivo. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the abundance of miR-126-3p, a crucial regulator of angiogenesis, was increased in AMI-Exo. The inhibition of miR-126-3p decreased the benefits of AMI-Exo treatment, and miR-126-3p upregulation enhanced the benefits of Con-Exo treatment in HUVECs, aortic rings, the mouse hind-limb ischemia model, and the mouse AMI model. Knockdown and overexpression analyses revealed that miR-126-3p regulated angiogenesis in HUVECs by directly targeting tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1). Moreover, we found that miR-126-3p could inhibit TSC1 expression, which further activated mTORC1 signaling and increased HIF-1α and VEGFA expression, ultimately promoting angiogenesis. Conclusion Collectively, our results provide a novel understanding of the function of exosomes in angiogenesis post AMI. We demonstrated that exosomes from the peripheral serum of AMI patients promote angiogenesis via the miR-126-3p/TSC1/mTORC1/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Duan
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital of Harbin city, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Su
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jiawei Tian; Ping Sun, Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 451-86605811, Fax +86 451-86605745, Email ;
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29
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AKINCI UYSAL Ç, TEMİZ REŞİTOĞLU M, GÜDEN DS, ŞENOL SP, VEZİR Ö, SUCU N, TUNÇTAN B, MALİK KU, FIRAT S. Inhibition of mTOR protects against skeletal muscle and kidney injury following hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion in rats by regulating MERK1/ERK1/2 activity. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1021518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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30
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Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhou C, Mei W, Zeng C. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway and Its Role in Cancer Therapeutics: Are We Making Headway? Front Oncol 2022; 12:819128. [PMID: 35402264 PMCID: PMC8987494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe public health issue that is a leading cause of mortality globally. It is also an impediment to improving life expectancy worldwide. Furthermore, the global burden of cancer incidence and death is continuously growing. Current therapeutic options are insufficient for patients, and tumor complexity and heterogeneity necessitate customized medicine or targeted therapy. It is critical to identify potential cancer therapeutic targets. Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has a significant role in carcinogenesis. This review summarized oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway alterations in cancer and various cancer hallmarks associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, such as cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance. Importantly, this review provided recent advances in PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor research. Overall, an in-depth understanding of the association between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and tumorigenesis and the development of therapies targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway will help make clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuxuan Mei
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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31
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Joechle K, Jumaa H, Thriene K, Hellerbrand C, Kulemann B, Fichtner-Feigl S, Lang SA, Guenzle J. Dual Inhibition of mTORC1/2 Reduces Migration of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells by Regulation of Matrixmetalloproteinases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:785979. [PMID: 35096817 PMCID: PMC8793831 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.785979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but highly aggressive tumor entity for which systemic therapies only showed limited efficacy so far. As OSI-027—a dual kinase inhibitor targeting both mTOR complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2 - showed improved anti-cancer effects, we sought to evaluate its impact on the migratory and metastatic capacity of CCA cells in vitro. We found that treatment with OSI-027 leads to reduced cell mobility and migration as well as a reduced surviving fraction in colony-forming ability. While neither cell viability nor proliferation rate was affected, OSI-027 decreased the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. Moreover, survival as well as anti-apoptotic signaling was impaired upon the use of OSI-027 as determined by AKT and MAPK blotting. Dual targeting of mTORC1/2 might therefore be a viable option for anti-neoplastic therapy in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Joechle
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Huda Jumaa
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Thriene
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birte Kulemann
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg-CCCF, Medical Center-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven A Lang
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Guenzle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Kim YJ, Lee S, Jin J, Woo H, Choi YK, Park KG. Cassiaside C Inhibits M1 Polarization of Macrophages by Downregulating Glycolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1696. [PMID: 35163619 PMCID: PMC8835843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Classically activated M1 macrophages reprogram their metabolism towards enhanced glycolysis to obtain energy and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines after activation by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Thus, a strategy that constrains M1 polarization of macrophages via downregulation of glycolysis is essential for treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Cassiae semen has pharmacological activity against various inflammatory diseases. However, it is unclear whether specific compounds within Cassia seeds affect M1 polarization of macrophages. Here, we investigated whether Cassiaside C napthopyrone from Cassiae semen inhibits M1 polarization by downregulating glycolysis. We found that Cassiaside C reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B, all of which are upregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ-treated Raw264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, Cassiaside C-treated macrophages showed marked suppression of LPS/IFN-γ-induced HIF-1α, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, and lactate dehydrogenase A expression, along with downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway. Consequently, Cassiaside C attenuated enhanced glycolysis and lactate production, but rescued diminished oxidative phosphorylation, in M1 polarized macrophages. Thus, Cassiaside C dampens M1 polarization of macrophages by downregulating glycolysis, which could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
| | - Hyein Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Liu D, Peyre F, Loissell-Baltazar YA, Courilleau D, Lacas-Gervais S, Nicolas V, Jacquet E, Dokudovskaya S, Taran F, Cintrat JC, Brenner C. Identification of Small Molecules Inhibiting Cardiomyocyte Necrosis and Apoptosis by Autophagy Induction and Metabolism Reprogramming. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030474. [PMID: 35159285 PMCID: PMC8834338 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of anticancer treatments is associated with increased survival of cancer patients at risk of cardiac disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic molecules capable of preventing acute and long-term cardiotoxicity. Here, using commercial and home-made chemolibraries, we performed a robust phenotypic high-throughput screening in rat cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2, searching for small molecules capable of inhibiting cell death. A screen of 1600 compounds identified six molecules effective in preventing necrosis and apoptosis induced by H2O2 and camptothecin in H9c2 cells and in rat neonatal ventricular myocytes. In cells treated with these molecules, we systematically evaluated the expression of BCL-2 family members, autophagy progression, mitochondrial network structure, regulation of mitochondrial fusion/fission, reactive oxygen species, and ATP production. We found that these compounds affect autophagy induction to prevent cardiac cell death and can be promising cardioprotective drugs during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (D.L.); (F.P.); (Y.A.L.-B.); (S.D.)
| | - Félix Peyre
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (D.L.); (F.P.); (Y.A.L.-B.); (S.D.)
| | - Yahir Alberto Loissell-Baltazar
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (D.L.); (F.P.); (Y.A.L.-B.); (S.D.)
| | - Delphine Courilleau
- Inserm, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (D.C.); (V.N.)
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, CCMA, Université Côte d’Azur, 06103 Nice, France;
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- Inserm, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (D.C.); (V.N.)
| | - Eric Jacquet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (D.L.); (F.P.); (Y.A.L.-B.); (S.D.)
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (F.T.); (J.-C.C.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (F.T.); (J.-C.C.)
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (D.L.); (F.P.); (Y.A.L.-B.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Daniel PV, Kamthan M, Thakur S, Mondal P. Molecular pathways dysregulated by Pb 2+ exposure prompts pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:206-214. [PMID: 35237425 PMCID: PMC8882803 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity and dysfunction of β-cells. Although the increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide is largely attributed to genetic predisposition or lifestyle factors (insufficient physical activity), and caloric intake. Environmental factors, exposure to xenobiotics and heavy metals have also been reported to be causative factors of T2DM. At this juncture, we, through our work unveil a plausible link between Pb2+ exposure and diabetes mellitus, and delineated a comprehensive understanding of the potential mechanisms of Pb2+-induced β-cells dysfunction. In our in vivo observations, we found that Pb2+ exposure strongly reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and diminished functional pancreatic β-cell mass. Mechanistically, we found that Pb2+ downregulates intracellular cAMP level via hyper-activating Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C and thereby reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Further, we report that Pb2+ inhibited mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production and also identified Pb2+ as a negative regulator of β-cell proliferation via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases-pAMPK-pRaptor axis. Together, our findings strongly reinforce Pb2+ to hijack the physiological role of calcium ions, by mimicking Ca2+ within pancreatic β-cell and thereby stands as a diabetogenic xenobiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vineeth Daniel
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Mohan Kamthan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Thakur
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Prosenjit Mondal
- Correspondence address. School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India. Tel: (91)1950267262;
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Jin Y, Zuo HX, Li MY, Zhang ZH, Xing Y, Wang JY, Ma J, Li G, Piao H, Gu P, Jin X. Anti-Tumor Effects of Carrimycin and Monomeric Isovalerylspiramycin I on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Vitro and in Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:774231. [PMID: 34899336 PMCID: PMC8662527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma results in a high risk of second primary malignancies and has prominent morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of effective treatment and prognosis is poor. Therefore, effective drugs need to be discovered. Carrimycin is a 16-member macrolide antibiotic with anticancer activity, and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I is a main component. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-tumor effects of carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I on hepatocellular carcinoma through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vitro, changes in cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT, colony formation, EdU labeling, wound-healing, matrigel transwell invasion, and flow cytometric assays using SK-Hep1, Hep3B, SNU-354, SNU-387 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the effects of carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I on the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Nude mice were subcutaneously transplanted with SK-Hep1 cells or C57BL/6J mice were orthotopically transplanted with hepatocarcinoma H22 cells. Tumor volume, pathological changes in tumor tissues, and the concentration of VEGF in mouse serum were measured after treatments. Carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I dose-dependently inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell viability, colony formation, and DNA replication. These agents markedly suppressed migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis of the cell lines. Western blotting and RT-PCR demonstrated that carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I reduced VEGF and PD-L1 protein and mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies further confirmed that carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I could significantly inhibit tumor growth, tumor histopathological alterations, and the concentration of VEGF in both mouse tumor models. These results show that carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Therefore, our discovery suggests anti-tumor capacity for carrimycin and monomeric isovalerylspiramycin I and provides data on potential new drugs for inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Hong Xiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Ming Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhi Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jing Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Gao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Hongxin Piao
- Liver Diseases Branch, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Puqing Gu
- Shanghai Tonglian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Chou CH, Wang HK, Lin YC, Tsai DH, Lu MT, Ho CT, Hseu YC, Yang HL, Way TD. Bisdemethoxycurcumin Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through the Inhibition of the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 161/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14557-14567. [PMID: 34813306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world and lacks an effective targeted therapy. G-protein-coupled receptor 161 (GPR161) has been demonstrated to perform the functional regulations on TNBC progression and might be a potential new target for TNBC therapy. This study showed the effects of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) on GPR161 regulation, indicating that BDMC effectively inhibited GPR161 expression and downregulated GPR161-driven signaling. BDMC showed the potent inhibitory effects on TNBC proliferation through suppressing GPR161-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) activation. Besides, in this study, we discover the mechanism of GPR161-driven TNBC metastasis, linking to GPR161-mediated twist-related protein 1 (Twist1)/matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) contributing to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BDMC effectively repressed GPR161-mediated TNBC metastasis via inhibiting Twist1/MMP9-induced EMT. The three-dimensional invasion assay also showed that BDMC significantly inhibited TNBC invasion. The combination treatment of BDMC and rapamycin enhanced the inhibition of TNBC proliferation and metastasis through increasing the blockage of mTOR activation. Furthermore, this study also observed that BDMC activated the caspase 3/9 signaling pathway to induce TNBC apoptosis. Therefore, BDMC could be applicable to anticancer therapy, especially targeting on the GPR161-driven cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Chou
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Kuang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chao Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung 427, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Hua Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tien Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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37
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Redweik GAJ, Kogut MH, Arsenault RJ, Lyte M, Mellata M. Reserpine improves Enterobacteriaceae resistance in chicken intestine via neuro-immunometabolic signaling and MEK1/2 activation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1359. [PMID: 34862463 PMCID: PMC8642538 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica persist in the chicken gut by suppressing inflammatory responses via expansion of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs). In humans, T cell activation is controlled by neurochemical signaling in Tregs; however, whether similar neuroimmunological signaling occurs in chickens is currently unknown. In this study, we explore the role of the neuroimmunological axis in intestinal Salmonella resistance using the drug reserpine, which disrupts intracellular storage of catecholamines like norepinephrine. Following reserpine treatment, norepinephrine release was increased in both ceca explant media and Tregs. Similarly, Salmonella killing was greater in reserpine-treated explants, and oral reserpine treatment reduced the level of intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium and other Enterobacteriaceae in vivo. These antimicrobial responses were linked to an increase in antimicrobial peptide and IL-2 gene expression as well as a decrease in CTLA-4 gene expression. Globally, reserpine treatment led to phosphorylative changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the mitogen-associated protein kinase 2(MEK2). Exogenous norepinephrine treatment alone increased Salmonella resistance, and reserpine-induced antimicrobial responses were blocked using beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors, suggesting norepinephrine signaling is crucial in this mechanism. Furthermore, EGF treatment reversed reserpine-induced antimicrobial responses, whereas mTOR inhibition increased antimicrobial activities, confirming the roles of metabolic signaling in these responses. Finally, MEK1/2 inhibition suppressed reserpine, norepinephrine, and mTOR-induced antimicrobial responses. Overall, this study demonstrates a central role for MEK1/2 activity in reserpine induced neuro-immunometabolic signaling and subsequent antimicrobial responses in the chicken intestine, providing a means of reducing bacterial colonization in chickens to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. J. Redweik
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA ,grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA ,grid.266190.a0000000096214564Present Address: Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Colorado University-Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Michael H. Kogut
- grid.512846.c0000 0004 0616 2502Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS College Station, TX USA
| | - Ryan J. Arsenault
- grid.33489.350000 0001 0454 4791Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Mark Lyte
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA ,grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. .,Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Feng R, Chen L, Chen K. Cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression under aluminium potassium sulfate on Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:2056-2070. [PMID: 34546441 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium, a substance found in large amounts in nature, has been widely used for various purposes, especially food additives. The effects of long-term and excessive exposure to aluminium on human health are receiving increasing attention. The extensive human use of aluminium food additives can also cause aluminium to enter the ecosystem, where it has significant impacts on insects. This study explored the cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression under aluminium potassium sulfate toward Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells. We found that high concentrations of aluminium resulted in cell enlargement and cell membrane breakage, decreased cell vitality, and apoptosis. Through RNA-Seq transcriptomics, we found that aluminium ions may inhibit the expression of regulatory-associated protein of mTOR, tdIns-dependent protein kinase-1, and small heat shock proteins (heat shock 70 kDa protein and crystallin alpha B), leading to changes in mTOR-related pathways (such as the longevity regulation pathway and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway), and promoting cell apoptosis. On the other hand, aluminium ions lead to the overexpression of GSH S-transferase, prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase and pyrimidodiazepine synthase, and induce intracellular oxidative damage, which ultimately affects cell growth and apoptosis through a series of cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China.
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Munir R, Lisec J, Swinnen JV, Zaidi N. Too complex to fail? Targeting fatty acid metabolism for cancer therapy. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101143. [PMID: 34856213 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the central role of fatty acids in cancer pathophysiology, the exploitation of fatty acid metabolism as a potential antineoplastic therapy has gained much attention. Several natural and synthetic compounds targeting fatty acid metabolism were hitherto identified, and their effectiveness against cancer cell proliferation and survival was determined. This review will discuss the most clinically viable inhibitors or drugs targeting various proteins or enzymes mapped on nine interconnected fatty acid metabolism-related processes. We will discuss the general significance of each of these processes and the effects of their inhibition on cancer cell progression. Moreover, their mechanisms of action, limitations, and future perspectives will be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Hormone Lab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Cancer Research Center (CRC), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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40
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Jeong M, Jeong MH, Kim JE, Cho S, Lee KJ, Park S, Sohn J, Park YG. TCTP protein degradation by targeting mTORC1 and signaling through S6K, Akt, and Plk1 sensitizes lung cancer cells to DNA-damaging drugs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20812. [PMID: 34675258 PMCID: PMC8531033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is expressed in many tissues, particularly in human tumors. It plays a role in malignant transformation, apoptosis prevention, and DNA damage repair. The signaling mechanisms underlying TCTP regulation in cancer are only partially understood. Here, we investigated the role of mTORC1 in regulating TCTP protein levels, thereby modulating chemosensitivity, in human lung cancer cells and an A549 lung cancer xenograft model. The inhibition of mTORC1, but not mTORC2, induced ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent TCTP degradation without a decrease in the mRNA level. PLK1 activity was required for TCTP ubiquitination and degradation and for its phosphorylation at Ser46 upon mTORC1 inhibition. Akt phosphorylation and activation was indispensable for rapamycin-induced TCTP degradation and PLK1 activation, and depended on S6K inhibition, but not mTORC2 activation. Furthermore, the minimal dose of rapamycin required to induce TCTP proteolysis enhanced the efficacy of DNA-damaging drugs, such as cisplatin and doxorubicin, through the induction of apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. This synergistic cytotoxicity of these drugs was induced irrespective of the functional status of p53. These results demonstrate a new mechanism of TCTP regulation in which the mTORC1/S6K pathway inhibits a novel Akt/PLK1 signaling axis and thereby induces TCTP protein stabilization and confers resistance to DNA-damaging agents. The results of this study suggest a new therapeutic strategy for enhancing chemosensitivity in lung cancers regardless of the functional status of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serkin Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwon Sohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Baltan S, Sandau US, Brunet S, Bastian C, Tripathi A, Nguyen H, Liu H, Saugstad JA, Zarnegarnia Y, Dutta R. Identification of miRNAs That Mediate Protective Functions of Anti-Cancer Drugs During White Matter Ischemic Injury. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211042220. [PMID: 34619990 PMCID: PMC8642107 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211042220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that two anti-cancer drugs, CX-4945 and MS-275, protect and preserve white matter (WM) architecture and improve functional recovery in a model of WM ischemic injury. While both compounds promote recovery, CX-4945 is a selective Casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor and MS-275 is a selective Class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate some of the protective actions of these drugs. In this study, we aimed to (1) identify miRNAs expressed in mouse optic nerves (MONs); (2) determine which miRNAs are regulated by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD); and (3) determine the effects of CX-4945 and MS-275 treatment on miRNA expression. RNA isolated from MONs from control and OGD-treated animals with and without CX-4945 or MS-275 treatment were quantified using NanoString nCounter® miRNA expression profiling. Comparative analysis of experimental groups revealed that 12 miRNAs were expressed at high levels in MONs. OGD upregulated five miRNAs (miR-1959, miR-501-3p, miR-146b, miR-201, and miR-335-3p) and downregulated two miRNAs (miR-1937a and miR-1937b) compared to controls. OGD with CX-4945 upregulated miR-1937a and miR-1937b, and downregulated miR-501-3p, miR-200a, miR-1959, and miR-654-3p compared to OGD alone. OGD with MS-275 upregulated miR-2134, miR-2141, miR-2133, miR-34b-5p, miR-153, miR-487b, miR-376b, and downregulated miR-717, miR-190, miR-27a, miR-1959, miR-200a, miR-501-3p, and miR-200c compared to OGD alone. Interestingly, miR-501-3p and miR-1959 were the only miRNAs upregulated by OGD, and downregulated by OGD plus CX-4945 and MS-275. Therefore, we suggest that protective functions of CX-4945 or MS-275 against WM injury maybe mediated, in part, through miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selva Baltan
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Selva Baltan, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Mackenzie Hall 2140A, L459, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Ursula S. Sandau
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sylvain Brunet
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chinthasagar Bastian
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ajai Tripathi
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Helen Liu
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yalda Zarnegarnia
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez AE, Porrini E, Torres A. Beta-Cell Dysfunction Induced by Tacrolimus: A Way to Explain Type 2 Diabetes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910311. [PMID: 34638652 PMCID: PMC8509035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of insulin resistance and β-cells dysfunction leads to the onset of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This process can last for decades, as β-cells are able to compensate the demand for insulin and maintain normoglycemia. Understanding the adaptive capacity of β-cells during this process and the causes of its failure is essential to the limit onset of diabetes. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common and serious disease that affects 30% of renal transplant recipients. With the exception of immunosuppressive therapy, the risk factors for T2D are the same as for PTDM: obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Tacrolimus (TAC) is the immunosuppressant of choice after renal transplantation but it has the highest rates of PTDM. Our group has shown that insulin resistance and glucolipotoxicity, without favouring the appearance of apoptosis, modify key nuclear factors for the maintenance of identity and functionality of β-cells. In this context, TAC accelerates or enhances these changes. Our hypothesis is that the pathways that are affected in the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes in the general population are the same pathways that are affected by TAC. So, TAC can be considered a tool to study the pathogenesis of T2DM. Here, we review the common pathways of β-cells dysfunction on T2DM and TAC-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Fundación General de la Universidad, Universidad de La Laguna, 38204 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Unidad Ensayos Clinicos-UCICEC, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-678-116
| | - Armando Torres
- Unidad Ensayos Clinicos-UCICEC, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Saeki C, Tsubota A. Influencing Factors and Molecular Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia and Osteosarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090899. [PMID: 34575048 PMCID: PMC8468289 DOI: 10.3390/life11090899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a pivotal role in nutrient/energy metabolism and storage, anabolic hormone regulation, ammonia detoxification, and cytokine production. Impaired liver function can cause malnutrition, hyperammonemia, and chronic inflammation, leading to an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have a high prevalence of sarcopenia, characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function, affecting health-related quality of life and prognosis. Recent reports have revealed that osteosarcopenia, defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, is also highly prevalent in patients with CLD. Since the differentiation and growth of muscles and bones are closely interrelated through mechanical and biochemical communication, sarcopenia and osteoporosis often progress concurrently and affect each other. Osteosarcopenia further exacerbates unfavorable health outcomes, such as vertebral fracture and frailty. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteosarcopenia, and an understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involving the liver, bones, and muscles, are important for prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia elucidated to data in hopes of promoting advances in treating these musculoskeletal disorders in patients with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Saeki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Akihito Tsubota
- Core Research Facilities, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3433-1111
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Sirolimus Suppresses Phosphorylation of Cofilin and Reduces Interstitial Septal Thickness in Sporadic Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168564. [PMID: 34445268 PMCID: PMC8395305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (S-LAM) is a rare lung disease characterized by the proliferation of smooth muscle-like LAM cells and progressive cystic destruction. Sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, has a proven efficacy in patients with LAM. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of sirolimus in LAM remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate sirolimus-related lung parenchymal changes and the potential effect in LAM cells and modulating pathological cystic destruction. Lung specimens were examined for histopathological changes by HMB45 staining and compared the LAM patients treated with and without sirolimus. We detected the overexpression of mTOR, HMB45, and phosphorylation of cofilin (p-cofilin) in LAM patients. Sirolimus showed efficacy in patients with LAM, who exhibited a reduced expression of mTOR and p-cofilin as well as reduced interstitial septal thickness. In addition, sirolimus suppresses mTOR and p-cofilin, thus suppressing the migration and proliferation of LAM cells isolated from the patient's lung tissue. This study demonstrates that interstitial septal thickness, as determined by histological structural analysis. Sirolimus effectively reduced the expression of p-cofilin and interstitial septal thickness, which may be a novel mechanism by sirolimus. Moreover, we develop a new method to isolate and culture the LAM cell, which can test the possibility of medication in vitro and impact this current study has on the LAM field. The development of approaches to interfere with mTOR-cofilin1-actin signaling may result in an option for S-LAM therapy.
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Zhang W, Tang D, Lin L, Fan T, Xia L, Cai W, Dai W, Zou C, Yin L, Xu Y, Dai Y. Integrative multiplatform-based molecular profiling of human colorectal cancer reveals proteogenomic alterations underlying mitochondrial inactivation. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2893-2910. [PMID: 34249434 PMCID: PMC8263689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play leading roles in initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Proteogenomic analyses of mitochondria of CRC tumor cells would likely enhance our understanding of CRC pathogenesis and reveal new independent prognostic factors and treatment targets. However, comprehensive investigations focused on mitochondria of CRC patients are lacking. Here, we investigated global profiles of structural variants, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome on human CRC. Proteomic investigations uncovered greatly diminished mitochondrial proteome size in CRC relative to that found in adjacent healthy tissues. Integrated with analysis of RNA-Seq datasets obtained from the public database containing mRNA data of 538 CRC patients, the proteomic analysis indicated that proteins encoded by 45.5% of identified prognostic CRC genes were located within mitochondria, highlighting the association between altered mitochondrial function and CRC. Subsequently, we compared structural variants, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility of differentially expressed genes and found that chromatin accessibility was an important factor underlying mitochondrial gene expression. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic profiling demonstrated decreased phosphorylation of most mitochondria-related kinases within CRC versus adjacent healthy tissues, while also highlighting MKK3/p38 as an essential mitochondrial regulatory pathway. Meanwhile, systems-based analyses revealed identities of key kinases, transcriptional factors, and their interconnections. This research uncovered a close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and poor CRC prognosis, improve our understanding of molecular mechanism underlying mitochondrial linked to human CRC, and facilitate identifies of clinically relevant CRC prognostic factors and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital)Shenzhen 518020, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital)Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Liewen Lin
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital)Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ligang Xia
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital)Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital)Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at AustinAustin 78721, United States of America
| | - Chang Zou
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital)Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518028, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital)Shenzhen 518020, China
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Pasteurized non-fermented cow's milk but not fermented milk is a promoter of mTORC1-driven aging and increased mortality. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101270. [PMID: 33571703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies in Sweden, a country with traditionally high milk consumption, revealed that the intake of non-fermented pasteurized milk increased all-cause mortality in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the majority of epidemiological and clinical studies report beneficial health effects of fermented milk products, especially of yogurt. It is the intention of this review to delineate potential molecular aging mechanisms related to the intake of non-fermented milk versus yogurt on the basis of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Non-fermented pasteurized milk via its high bioavailability of insulinotropic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), abundance of lactose (glucosyl-galactose) and bioactive exosomal microRNAs (miRs) enhances mTORC1 signaling, which shortens lifespan and increases all-cause mortality. In contrast, fermentation-associated lactic acid bacteria metabolize BCAAs and degrade galactose and milk exosomes including their mTORC1-activating microRNAs. The Industrial Revolution, with the introduction of pasteurization and refrigeration of milk, restricted the action of beneficial milk-fermenting bacteria, which degrade milk's BCAAs, galactose and bioactive miRs that synergistically activate mTORC1. This unrecognized behavior change in humans after the Neolithic revolution increased aging-related over-activation of mTORC1 signaling in humans, who persistently consume large quantities of non-fermented pasteurized cow's milk, a potential risk factor for aging and all-cause mortality.
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Fazio N, Carnaghi C, Buzzoni R, Valle JW, Herbst F, Ridolfi A, Strosberg J, Kulke MH, Pavel ME, Yao JC. Relationship between metabolic toxicity and efficacy of everolimus in patients with neuroendocrine tumors: A pooled analysis from the randomized, phase 3 RADIANT-3 and RADIANT-4 trials. Cancer 2021; 127:2674-2682. [PMID: 33857327 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia are class effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors such as everolimus. This post hoc pooled analysis assessed the potential impact of these events on the efficacy of everolimus. METHODS Patients with advanced, low- or intermediate-grade pancreatic, gastrointestinal, or lung neuroendocrine tumors received either oral everolimus at 10 mg/d or a placebo in the RAD001 in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors 3 (RADIANT-3) and RAD001 in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors 4 (RADIANT-4) trials. A landmark progression-free survival (PFS) analysis by central review was performed for patients treated for at least 16 weeks (n = 308) and according to the occurrence of any-grade adverse events (AEs) within this treatment period. RESULTS The overall PFS with everolimus from the pooled analysis was 11.4 months (95% confidence interval, 11.01-13.93 months), which was consistent with the findings of RADIANT-3 and RADIANT-4. Overall, 19.1% and 9.8% of patients in RADIANT-3 and 11.9% and 6.4% of patients in RADIANT-4 developed any-grade hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia, respectively (regardless of the study drug). The duration of everolimus exposure was longer in patients who developed these AEs versus patients without these AEs. Overall, 308 patients were exposed to treatment for at least 16 weeks (hyperglycemia, 39 of 269 patients; hypercholesterolemia, 20 of 288 patients). No association was observed between the development of these AEs and PFS (18.8 and 14.1 months with and without hyperglycemia, respectively, and 14.1 and 14.8 months with and without hypercholesterolemia, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although limitations apply because of the small number of AEs observed, there was no significant impact of these AEs on PFS; this suggests similar efficacy in the presence or absence of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Fazio
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Juan W Valle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Matthew H Kulke
- Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - James C Yao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Abstract
This review provides epidemiological and translational evidence for milk and dairy intake as critical risk factors in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Large epidemiological studies in the United States and Europe identified total dairy, milk and butter intake with the exception of yogurt as independent risk factors of HCC. Enhanced activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a hallmark of HCC promoted by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). mTORC1 is also activated by milk protein-induced synthesis of hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), abundant constituents of milk proteins. Over the last decades, annual milk protein-derived BCAA intake increased 3 to 5 times in Western countries. In synergy with HBV- and HCV-induced secretion of hepatocyte-derived exosomes enriched in microRNA-21 (miR-21) and miR-155, exosomes of pasteurized milk as well deliver these oncogenic miRs to the human liver. Thus, milk exosomes operate in a comparable fashion to HBV- or HCV- induced exosomes. Milk-derived miRs synergistically enhance IGF-1-AKT-mTORC1 signaling and promote mTORC1-dependent translation, a meaningful mechanism during the postnatal growth phase, but a long-term adverse effect promoting the development of HCC. Both, dietary BCAA abundance combined with oncogenic milk exosome exposure persistently overstimulate hepatic mTORC1. Chronic alcohol consumption as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two HCC-related conditions, increase BCAA plasma levels. In HCC, mTORC1 is further hyperactivated due to RAB1 mutations as well as impaired hepatic BCAA catabolism, a metabolic hallmark of T2DM. The potential HCC-preventive effect of yogurt may be caused by lactobacilli-mediated degradation of BCAAs, inhibition of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase via production of intestinal medium-chain fatty acids as well as degradation of milk exosomes including their oncogenic miRs. A restriction of total animal protein intake realized by a vegetable-based diet is recommended for the prevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Wang H, Huang B, Hou A, Xue L, Wang B, Chen J, Li M, Zhang JV. High NOV/CCN3 expression during high-fat diet pregnancy in mice affects GLUT3 expression and the mTOR pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E786-E796. [PMID: 33586490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00230.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression levels of nephroblastoma overexpressed [NOV or CCN3 (cellular communication network factor 3)] in the serum and placenta of pregnant women and of pregnant mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and its effect on placental glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) expression, to examine its role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). NOV/CCN3 expression was increased in the mouse serum during pregnancy. At gestational day 18, NOV/CCN3 protein expression was increased in the serum and placenta of the HFD mice compared with that of mice fed a normal diet. Compared with non-GDM patients, the patients with GDM had significantly increased serum NOV/CCN3 protein expression and placental NOV/CCN3 mRNA expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that NOV/CCN3 signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM. We administered NOV/CCN3 recombinant protein via intraperitoneal injections to pregnant mice fed HFD or normal diet. NOV/CCN3 overexpression led to glucose intolerance. Combined with the HFD, NOV/CCN3 exacerbated glucose intolerance and caused insulin resistance. NOV/CCN3 upregulates GLUT3 expression and affects the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the GDM environment in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our results demonstrate, for the first time, the molecular mechanism of NOV/CCN3 signaling in maternal metabolism to regulate glucose balance during pregnancy. NOV/CCN3 may be a potential target for detecting and treating GDM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY NOV/CCN3 regulates glucose homeostasis in mice during pregnancy. NOV/CCN3 upregulates GLUT3 expression and affects the mTOR pathway in the GDM environment in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Anli Hou
- Department of Gynaecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xue
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Baobei Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Liang SY, Zhao TC, Zhou ZH, Ju WT, Liu Y, Tan YR, Zhu DW, Zhang ZY, Zhong LP. Anti-tumor effect of carrimycin on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101074. [PMID: 33744726 PMCID: PMC7985557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study is the first to explore and report the anti-tumor effect of carrimycin. Carrimycin inhibits the proliferation, colony formation and migration ability of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro, as well as arrests cell cycle in G0/G1 and promotes cell apoptosis. Carrimycin suppresses OSCC tumor growth in xenograft model. Carrimycin regulates the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways.
Purpose : Carrimycin is a newly synthesized macrolide antibiotic with good antibacterial effect. Exploratory experiments found its function in regulating cell physiology, proliferation and immunity, suggesting its potential anti-tumor capacity. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect of carrimycin against human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods : Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HN30/HN6/Cal27/HB96 cell lines) were treated with gradient concentration of carrimycin. Cell proliferation, colony formation and migration ability were analyzed. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The effect of carrimycin on OSCC in vivo was investigated in tumor xenograft models. Immunohistochemistry, western blot assay and TUNEL assays of tissue samples from xenografts were performed. The key proteins in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and MAPK pathway were examined by western blot. Results : As the concentration of carrimycin increased, the proliferation, colony formation and migration ability of OSCC cells were inhibited. After treating with carrimycin, cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis was promoted. The tumor growth of xenografts was significantly suppressed. Furthermore, the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-S6K, p-4EBP1, p-ERK and p-p38 were down-regulated in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions : Carrimycin can inhibit the biological activities of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo, and regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Tong-Chao Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wu-Tong Ju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yi-Ran Tan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Dong-Wang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lai-Ping Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
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