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Tao T, Shu Q, Zhao Y, Guo W, Wang J, Shi Y, Jia S, Zhai H, Chen H, Wang C, Xu G. Mechanical regulation of lipid and sugar absorption by Piezo1 in enterocytes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3576-3590. [PMID: 39220873 PMCID: PMC11365390 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is primarily caused by excessive intake as well as absorption of sugar and lipid. Postprandial surge in distention pressure and intestinal motility accelerates the absorption of nutrients. The response of intestinal epithelial cells to mechanical stimulation is not fully understood. Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, is widely expressed throughout the digestive tract. However, its function in intestinal nutrient absorption is not yet clear. In our study, excessive lipid deposition was observed in the duodenum of obese patients, while duodenal Piezo1-CaMKK2-AMPKα was decreased when compared to normal-weight individuals. Under high-fat diet condition, the Piezo1 iKO mice exhibited abnormally elevated sugar and lipid absorption as well as severe lipid deposition in the duodenum and liver. These phenotypes were mainly caused by the inhibition of duodenal CaMKK2-AMPKα and the upregulation of SGLT1 and DGAT2. In contrast, Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, was found to reduce intestinal lipid absorption in diet induced obese mice. Overexpression of Piezo1, stretch and Yoda1 inhibited lipid accumulation and the expression of DGAT2 and SGLT1, whereas knockdown of Piezo1 stimulated lipid accumulation and DGAT2 in Caco-2 cells. Our study reveals a previously unexplored mechanical regulation of nutrient absorption in intestinal epithelial cells, which may shed new light on the therapy of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qing Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yawen Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenying Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinting Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuhao Shi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hening Zhai
- Endoscopy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Biotherapy Center; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Choi JW, Shin J, Zhou Z, Song HJ, Bae GS, Kim MS, Park SJ. Myricetin ameliorates the severity of pancreatitis in mice by regulating cathepsin B activity and inflammatory cytokine production. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112284. [PMID: 38823179 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTSB) and inflammatory cytokines are critical in initiating and developing pancreatitis. Calcineurin, a central calcium (Ca2+)-responsive signaling molecule, mediates acinar cell death and inflammatory responses leading to pancreatitis. However, the detailed mechanisms for regulating CTSB activity and inflammatory cytokine production are unknown. Myricetin (MC) exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we aimed to investigate MC effects on pancreatitis and the underlying mechanisms. Prophylactic and therapeutic MC treatment ameliorated the severity of cerulein-, L-arginine-, and PDL-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). The inhibition of CTSB activity by MC was mediated via decreased calcineurin activity and macrophage infiltration, not neutrophils infiltration, into the pancreas. Additionally, calcineurin activity inhibition by MC prevented the phosphorylation of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) during AP, resulting in the inhibition of CaMKIV phosphorylation and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) dephosphorylation. Furthermore, MC reduced nuclear factor-κB activation by modulating the calcineurin-CaMKIV-IKKα/β-Iκ-Bα and calcineurin-AMPK-sirtuin1 axes, resulting in reduced production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Our results showed that MC alleviated AP severity by inhibiting acinar cell death and inflammatory responses, suggesting that MC as a calcineurin and CaMKK2 signaling modulator may be a potential treatment for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Choi
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyeon Shin
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea; Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Song
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea; Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seuk Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea; Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-daero 460, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Santos-Ribeiro D, Cunha C, Carvalho A. Humoral pathways of innate immune regulation in granuloma formation. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:419-427. [PMID: 38762333 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The humoral arm of mammalian innate immunity regulates several molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to pathogens, inflammation, and tissue repair. Recent studies highlight the crucial role played by humoral mediators in granulomatous inflammation. However the molecular mechanisms linking the function of these soluble molecules to the initiation and maintenance of granulomas remain elusive. We propose that humoral innate immunity coordinates fundamental physiological processes in macrophages which, in turn, initiate activation and transformation events that enable granuloma formation. We discuss the involvement of humoral mediators in processes such as immune activation, phagocytosis, metabolism, and tissue remodeling, and how these can dictate macrophage functionality during granuloma formation. These advances present opportunities for discovering novel disease factors and developing targeted, more effective treatments for granulomatous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santos-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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4
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Evteev S, Ivanenkov Y, Semenov I, Malkov M, Mazaleva O, Bodunov A, Bezrukov D, Sidorenko D, Terentiev V, Malyshev A, Zagribelnyy B, Korzhenevskaya A, Aliper A, Zhavoronkov A. Quantum-assisted fragment-based automated structure generator (QFASG) for small molecule design: an in vitro study. Front Chem 2024; 12:1382512. [PMID: 38633987 PMCID: PMC11021760 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1382512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The significance of automated drug design using virtual generative models has steadily grown in recent years. While deep learning-driven solutions have received growing attention, only a few modern AI-assisted generative chemistry platforms have demonstrated the ability to produce valuable structures. At the same time, virtual fragment-based drug design, which was previously less popular due to the high computational costs, has become more attractive with the development of new chemoinformatic techniques and powerful computing technologies. Methods: We developed Quantum-assisted Fragment-based Automated Structure Generator (QFASG), a fully automated algorithm designed to construct ligands for a target protein using a library of molecular fragments. QFASG was applied to generating new structures of CAMKK2 and ATM inhibitors. Results: New low-micromolar inhibitors of CAMKK2 and ATM were designed using the algorithm. Discussion: These findings highlight the algorithm's potential in designing primary hits for further optimization and showcase the capabilities of QFASG as an effective tool in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Evteev
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Ivanenkov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan Semenov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maxim Malkov
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Olga Mazaleva
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Artem Bodunov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dmitry Bezrukov
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Denis Sidorenko
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor Terentiev
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Malyshev
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Alex Aliper
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Virga DM, Hamilton S, Osei B, Morgan A, Kneis P, Zamponi E, Park NJ, Hewitt VL, Zhang D, Gonzalez KC, Russell FM, Grahame Hardie D, Prudent J, Bloss E, Losonczy A, Polleux F, Lewis TL. Activity-dependent compartmentalization of dendritic mitochondria morphology through local regulation of fusion-fission balance in neurons in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2142. [PMID: 38459070 PMCID: PMC10923867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal mitochondria play important roles beyond ATP generation, including Ca2+ uptake, and therefore have instructive roles in synaptic function and neuronal response properties. Mitochondrial morphology differs significantly between the axon and dendrites of a given neuronal subtype, but in CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the hippocampus, mitochondria within the dendritic arbor also display a remarkable degree of subcellular, layer-specific compartmentalization. In the dendrites of these neurons, mitochondria morphology ranges from highly fused and elongated in the apical tuft, to more fragmented in the apical oblique and basal dendritic compartments, and thus occupy a smaller fraction of dendritic volume than in the apical tuft. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking degree of subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondria morphology are unknown, precluding the assessment of its impact on neuronal function. Here, we demonstrate that this compartment-specific morphology of dendritic mitochondria requires activity-dependent, Ca2+ and Camkk2-dependent activation of AMPK and its ability to phosphorylate two direct effectors: the pro-fission Drp1 receptor Mff and the recently identified anti-fusion, Opa1-inhibiting protein, Mtfr1l. Our study uncovers a signaling pathway underlying the subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondrial morphology in dendrites of neurons in vivo through spatially precise and activity-dependent regulation of mitochondria fission/fusion balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stevie Hamilton
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bertha Osei
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Abigail Morgan
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Parker Kneis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Emiliano Zamponi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie J Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria L Hewitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin C Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fiona M Russell
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0XY, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erik Bloss
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Neuroscience, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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6
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Mohanad M, Mohamed SK, Aboulhoda BE, Ahmed MAE. Neuroprotective effects of vitamin D in an Alzheimer's disease rat model: Improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 activation of Sirtuin1 phosphorylation. Biofactors 2024; 50:371-391. [PMID: 37801071 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. To assess the impact of vitamin D3 (Vit.D) on neurogenesis, we investigated its role in mitigating cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction through calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2)-mediated phosphorylation of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in an aluminum-chloride-D-galactose (AlCl3-D-gal)-induced AD rat model. Rats were distributed into four groups: control, AlCl3 + D-gal (10 + 60 mg/kg, ip), Vit.D (500 IU/kg, po), and AlCl3 + D-gal+Vit.D. Novel object recognition (NOR), Morris Water Maze, and passive avoidance (PA) tests were used to measure memory abilities. The hippocampal tissue was used to assess vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), CAMKK2, p-SIRT1, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), dynamin-related-protein-1 (Drp1), and mitofusin-1 (Mnf1) proteins by western blot and Ca2+ levels, endothelial nitic oxide synthase (eNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), amyloid beta (Aβ), and phospho tau (p-Tau) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in addition to histological and ultrastructural examination of rat's brain tissue. Vit.D-attenuated hippocampal injury reversed the cognitive decline and Aβ aggregation, and elevated p-Tau levels in the AlCl3 + D-gal-induced AD rat model. In AlCl3 + D-gal-exposed rats, Vit.D induced VDR expression, normalized Ca2+ levels, elevated CAMKK2, p-AMPK, p-SIRT1, and PGC-1α expression. Vit.D reduced Drp1, induced Mnf1, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, preserved mitochondrial structure, restored normal mitochondrial function, and retained normal eNOS level and SOD activity in AlCl3 + D-gal rats. In conclusion, our findings proved that Vit.D may ameliorate cognitive deficits in AlCl3 + D-gal-induced AD by restoring normal mitochondrial function and reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress via CAMKK2-AMPK/SIRT1 pathway upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mohanad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa K Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma E Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
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7
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Kim K, Khazan N, Rowswell-Turner RB, Singh RK, Moore T, Strawderman MS, Miller JP, Snyder CWA, Awada A, Moore RG. Forchlorfenuron-Induced Mitochondrial Respiration Inhibition and Metabolic Shifts in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:976. [PMID: 38473335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (FCF) is a widely used plant cytokinin that enhances fruit quality and size in agriculture. It also serves as a crucial pharmacological tool for the inhibition of septins. However, the precise target of FCF has not yet been fully determined. This study reveals a novel target of FCF and elucidates its downstream signaling events. FCF significantly impairs mitochondrial respiration and mediates metabolic shift toward glycolysis, thus making cells more vulnerable to glycolysis inhibition. Interestingly, FCF's impact on mitochondrial function persists, even in cells lacking septins. Furthermore, the impaired mitochondrial function leads to the degradation of HIF-1α, facilitated by increased cellular oxygen. FCF also induces AMPK activation, suppresses Erk1/2 phosphorylation, and reduces the expression of HER2, β-catenin, and PD-L1. Endometrial cancer is characterized by metabolic disorders such as diabetes and aberrant HER2/Ras-Erk1/2/β-catenin signaling. Thus, FCF may hold promise as a potential therapeutic in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyukwang Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Negar Khazan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Rachael B Rowswell-Turner
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Taylor Moore
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Myla S Strawderman
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John P Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Cameron W A Snyder
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Adventhealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Richard G Moore
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
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8
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Zhao Y, Lin S, Zeng W, Lin X, Qin X, Miu B, Gao S, Wu H, Liu J, Chen X. JS-K activates G2/M checkpoints through the DNA damage response and induces autophagy via CAMKKβ/AMPKα/mTOR pathway in bladder cancer cells. J Cancer 2024; 15:343-355. [PMID: 38169515 PMCID: PMC10758033 DOI: 10.7150/jca.86393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of JS-K, a nitric oxide donor prodrug, on DNA damage and autophagy in bladder cancer (BCa) cells and to explore the potential related mechanisms. Through detecting proliferation viability, cell morphology observation and colony formation assay low concentrations of JS-K significantly inhibited BCa growth while having no effect on normal cells. JS-K induced an increase in the level of DNA damage protein γH2AX and a decrease in the level of DNA damage repair-related proteins PCNA and RAD51 in BCa cells, indicating that JS-K can induce DNA damage in BCa cells and inhibit DNA damage repair. JS-K induced G2/M phase block and calcium overload using flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, we also investigated the levels of cell G2/M cycle checkpoint-related protein and autophagy-associated protein by western blot. The results of our study demonstrated that JS-K induced BCa cells G2/M phase arrest due to upregulating proteins related to DNA damage-related G2/M checkpoint activation (p-ATM, p-ATR, p-Chk1, p-Chk2, and p-Cdc2) and down-regulation of Cyclin B1 protein. In addition, our study demonstrated that JS-K-induced autophagy in BCa cells was related to the CAMKKβ/AMPKα/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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9
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Chen Y, Whitefield B, Nevius E, Hill M, DelRosario J, Sinitsyna N, Shanmugasundaram V, Mukherjee D, Shi L, Mayne CG, Rousseau AM, Bernard SM, Buenviaje J, Khambatta G, El Samin M, Wallace M, Nie Z, Sivakumar P, Hamann LG, McDonnell DP, D'Agostino LA. Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors and Ligand Directed Degraders of Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase 1 and 2 (CaMKK1/2). J Med Chem 2023; 66:15750-15760. [PMID: 38009718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
CaMKK2 signals through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways to trigger cellular outputs including proliferation, differentiation, and migration, resulting in changes to metabolism, bone mass accrual, neuronal function, hematopoiesis, and immunity. CAMKK2 is upregulated in tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate, breast, and gastric cancer, and genetic deletion in myeloid cells results in increased antitumor immunity in several syngeneic models. Validation of the biological roles of CaMKK2 has relied on genetic deletion or small molecule inhibitors with activity against several biological targets. We sought to generate selective inhibitors and degraders to understand the biological impact of inhibiting catalytic activity and scaffolding and the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting CaMKK2. We report herein selective, ligand-efficient inhibitors and ligand-directed degraders of CaMKK2 that were used to probe immune and tumor intrinsic biology. These molecules provide two distinct strategies for ablating CaMKK2 signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chen
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brandon Whitefield
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erin Nevius
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 424 Dexter Ave. N. Seattle, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Mark Hill
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 424 Dexter Ave. N. Seattle, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Joselyn DelRosario
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nadia Sinitsyna
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Debarati Mukherjee
- Dept of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Lihong Shi
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Anne-Marie Rousseau
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 424 Dexter Ave. N. Seattle, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Steffen M Bernard
- Celgene, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer Buenviaje
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gody Khambatta
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Miriam El Samin
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Wallace
- Celgene, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhe Nie
- Celgene, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Pallavur Sivakumar
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 424 Dexter Ave. N. Seattle, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Lawrence G Hamann
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Dept of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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10
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Wu J, Lu Z, Zhao H, Lu M, Gao Q, Che N, Wang J, Ma T. The expanding Pandora's toolbox of CD8 +T cell: from transcriptional control to metabolic firing. J Transl Med 2023; 21:905. [PMID: 38082437 PMCID: PMC10714647 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the executor in adaptive immune response, especially in anti-tumor immunity. They are the subset immune cells that are of high plasticity and multifunction. Their development, differentiation, activation and metabolism are delicately regulated by multiple factors. Stimuli from the internal and external environment could remodel CD8+ T cells, and correspondingly they will also make adjustments to the microenvironmental changes. Here we describe the most updated progresses in CD8+ T biology from transcriptional regulation to metabolism mechanisms, and also their interactions with the microenvironment, especially in cancer and immunotherapy. The expanding landscape of CD8+ T cell biology and discovery of potential targets to regulate CD8+ T cells will provide new viewpoints for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Zhendong Lu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Mingjun Lu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
| | - Teng Ma
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
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11
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Ahsan R, Khan MM, Mishra A, Noor G, Ahmad U. Protein Kinases and their Inhibitors Implications in Modulating Disease Progression. Protein J 2023; 42:621-632. [PMID: 37768476 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in cellular pathways, including cell cycle regulation, metabolism, differentiation and survival. The protein kinase superfamily network consists of 518 members involved in intrinsic or extrinsic interaction processes. Protein kinases are divided into two categories based on their ability to phosphorylate tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. The complexity of the system implies its vulnerability. Any changes in the pathways of protein kinases may be implicated in pathological processes. Therefore, they are regarded as having an important role in human diseases and represent prospective therapeutic targets. This article provides a review of the protein kinase inhibitors approved by the FDA. Finally, we summarize the mechanism of action of protein kinases, including their role in the development and progression of protein kinase-related roles in various pathological conditions and the future therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors, along with links to protein kinase databases. Further clinical studies aimed at examining the sequence of protein kinase inhibitor availability would better utilize current protein kinase inhibitors in diseases. Additionally, this review may help researchers and biochemists find new potent and selective protein kinase inhibitors and provide more indications for using existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiya Ahsan
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Muazzam Khan
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Department of pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Gazala Noor
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Usama Ahmad
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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12
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Kaiser J, Nay K, Horne CR, McAloon LM, Fuller OK, Muller AG, Whyte DG, Means AR, Walder K, Berk M, Hannan AJ, Murphy JM, Febbraio MA, Gundlach AL, Scott JW. CaMKK2 as an emerging treatment target for bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4500-4511. [PMID: 37730845 PMCID: PMC10914626 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Current pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder are inadequate and based on serendipitously discovered drugs often with limited efficacy, burdensome side-effects, and unclear mechanisms of action. Advances in drug development for the treatment of bipolar disorder remain incremental and have come largely from repurposing drugs used for other psychiatric conditions, a strategy that has failed to find truly revolutionary therapies, as it does not target the mood instability that characterises the condition. The lack of therapeutic innovation in the bipolar disorder field is largely due to a poor understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and the consequent absence of validated drug targets. A compelling new treatment target is the Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase-2 (CaMKK2) enzyme. CaMKK2 is highly enriched in brain neurons and regulates energy metabolism and neuronal processes that underpin higher order functions such as long-term memory, mood, and other affective functions. Loss-of-function polymorphisms and a rare missense mutation in human CAMKK2 are associated with bipolar disorder, and genetic deletion of Camkk2 in mice causes bipolar-like behaviours similar to those in patients. Furthermore, these behaviours are ameliorated by lithium, which increases CaMKK2 activity. In this review, we discuss multiple convergent lines of evidence that support targeting of CaMKK2 as a new treatment strategy for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kaiser
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Kevin Nay
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Luke M McAloon
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Oliver K Fuller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Abbey G Muller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Douglas G Whyte
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Anthony R Means
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ken Walder
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew L Gundlach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - John W Scott
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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13
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Hou F, Huang J, Qing F, Guo T, Ouyang S, Xie L, Ding Y, Yu J, Li Y, Liu X, He TS, Fan X, Liu Z. The rare-earth yttrium induces cell apoptosis and autophagy in the male reproductive system through ROS-Ca 2+-CamkII/Ampk axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115262. [PMID: 37480693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
China has the world's largest reserves of rare earth elements (REEs), but widespread mining and application of REEs has led to an increased risk of potential pollution. Yttrium (Y), the first heavy REEs to be discovered, poses a substantial threat to human health. Unfortunately, little attention has been given to the impact of Y on human reproductive health. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of YCl3 on mouse testes and four types of testicular cells, including Sertoli, Leydig, spermatogonial and spermatocyte cells. The results showed that YCl3 exposure causes substantial damage to mouse testes and induces apoptosis and autophagy, but not pyroptosis or necrosis, in testicular cells. Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that YCl3 induced significant changes in gene expression, with Ca2+ and mitochondria-related genes being the most significantly altered. Mechanistically, YCl3 exposure induced mitochondrial dysfunction in testicular cells, triggering the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by impairing the Nrf2 pathway, regulating downstream Ho-1 target protein expression, and increasing Ca2+ levels to activate the CamkII/Ampk signaling pathway. Blocking ROS production or Ca2+ signaling significantly attenuates apoptosis and autophagy, while supplementation with Ca2+ reverses the suppression of apoptosis and autophagy by ROS blockade in testicular cells. Notably, apoptosis and autophagy induced by YCl3 treatment are independent of each other. Thus, our study suggests that YCl3 may impair the antioxidant stress signaling pathway and activate the calcium pathway through the ROS-Ca2+ axis, which promotes testicular cell apoptosis and autophagy independently, thus inducing testicular damage and impairing male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangpeng Hou
- Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Junyun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Furong Qing
- Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Tianfu Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Sijia Ouyang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Lu Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Yechun Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Jingge Yu
- Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Tian-Sheng He
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
| | - Xiaona Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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14
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Green JR, Mahalingaiah PKS, Gopalakrishnan SM, Liguori MJ, Mittelstadt SW, Blomme EAG, Van Vleet TR. Off-target pharmacological activity at various kinases: Potential functional and pathological side effects. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107468. [PMID: 37553032 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery, during the lead optimization and candidate characterization stages, novel small molecules are frequently evaluated in a battery of in vitro pharmacology assays to identify potential unintended, off-target interactions with various receptors, transporters, ion channels, and enzymes, including kinases. Furthermore, these screening panels may also provide utility at later stages of development to provide a mechanistic understanding of unexpected safety findings. Here, we present a compendium of the most likely functional and pathological outcomes associated with interaction(s) to a panel of 95 kinases based on an extensive curation of the scientific literature. This panel of kinases was designed by AbbVie based on safety-related data extracted from the literature, as well as from over 20 years of institutional knowledge generated from discovery efforts. For each kinase, the scientific literature was reviewed using online databases and the most often reported functional and pathological effects were summarized. This work should serve as a practical guide for small molecule drug discovery scientists and clinical investigators to predict and/or interpret adverse effects related to pharmacological interactions with these kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon R Green
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States.
| | | | - Sujatha M Gopalakrishnan
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Michael J Liguori
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Scott W Mittelstadt
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Eric A G Blomme
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Terry R Van Vleet
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
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15
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Mukherjee D, Previs RA, Haines C, Al Abo M, Juras PK, Strickland KC, Chakraborty B, Artham S, Whitaker RS, Hebert K, Fontenot J, Patierno SR, Freedman JA, Lau FH, Burow ME, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Targeting CaMKK2 Inhibits Actin Cytoskeletal Assembly to Suppress Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2889-2907. [PMID: 37335130 PMCID: PMC10472110 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) tend to become invasive and metastatic at early stages in their development. Despite some treatment successes in early-stage localized TNBC, the rate of distant recurrence remains high, and long-term survival outcomes remain poor. In a search for new therapeutic targets for this disease, we observed that elevated expression of the serine/threonine kinase calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is highly correlated with tumor invasiveness. In validation studies, genetic disruption of CaMKK2 expression or inhibition of its activity with small molecule inhibitors disrupted spontaneous metastatic outgrowth from primary tumors in murine xenograft models of TNBC. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), a high-risk, poor prognosis ovarian cancer subtype, shares many features with TNBC, and CaMKK2 inhibition effectively blocked metastatic progression in a validated xenograft model of this disease. Mechanistically, CaMKK2 increased the expression of the phosphodiesterase PDE1A, which hydrolyzed cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to decrease the cGMP-dependent activity of protein kinase G1 (PKG1). Inhibition of PKG1 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), which in its hypophosphorylated state binds to and regulates F-actin assembly to facilitate cell movement. Together, these findings establish a targetable CaMKK2-PDE1A-PKG1-VASP signaling pathway that controls cancer cell motility and metastasis by impacting the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, it identifies CaMKK2 as a potential therapeutic target that can be exploited to restrict tumor invasiveness in patients diagnosed with early-stage TNBC or localized HGSOC. SIGNIFICANCE CaMKK2 regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics to promote tumor invasiveness and can be inhibited to suppress metastasis of breast and ovarian cancer, indicating CaMKK2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to arrest disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca A. Previs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Corinne Haines
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Muthana Al Abo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick K. Juras
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kyle C. Strickland
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Binita Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandeep Artham
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Regina S. Whitaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine Hebert
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jake Fontenot
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Steven R. Patierno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer A. Freedman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Frank H. Lau
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Donald P. McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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16
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Vertyshev AY, Akberdin IR, Kolpakov FA. Numerous Trigger-like Interactions of Kinases/Protein Phosphatases in Human Skeletal Muscles Can Underlie Transient Processes in Activation of Signaling Pathways during Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11223. [PMID: 37446402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing physical training regimens to increase muscle aerobic capacity requires an understanding of the internal processes that occur during exercise that initiate subsequent adaptation. During exercise, muscle cells undergo a series of metabolic events that trigger downstream signaling pathways and induce the expression of many genes in working muscle fibers. There are a number of studies that show the dependence of changes in the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), one of the mediators of cellular signaling pathways, on the duration and intensity of single exercises. The activity of various AMPK isoforms can change in different directions, increasing for some isoforms and decreasing for others, depending on the intensity and duration of the load. This review summarizes research data on changes in the activity of AMPK, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and other components of the signaling pathways in skeletal muscles during exercise. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the observed changes in AMPK activity may be largely related to metabolic and signaling transients rather than exercise intensity per se. Probably, the main events associated with these transients occur at the beginning of the exercise in a time window of about 1-10 min. We hypothesize that these transients may be partly due to putative trigger-like kinase/protein phosphatase interactions regulated by feedback loops. In addition, numerous dynamically changing factors, such as [Ca2+], metabolite concentration, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), can shift the switching thresholds and change the states of these triggers, thereby affecting the activity of kinases (in particular, AMPK and CaMKII) and phosphatases. The review considers the putative molecular mechanisms underlying trigger-like interactions. The proposed hypothesis allows for a reinterpretation of the experimental data available in the literature as well as the generation of ideas to optimize future training regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya R Akberdin
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Fedor A Kolpakov
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Li C, Hao J, Qiu H, Xin H. CaMKK2 alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via the action on the AMPK-AKT-GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling cascade. Inflamm Res 2023:10.1007/s00011-023-01756-6. [PMID: 37338678 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) can regulate numerous biological processes and is implicated in diverse pathological processes. Yet its role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains unknown. This project explored the possible functions and mechanisms of CaMKK2 in MI/R injury. METHODS A rat model of MI/R in vivo was established using the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation method. Rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro to establish a cell model. Overexpression of CaMKK2 was achieved by infecting recombinant adeno-associated virus or adenovirus expressing CaMKK2. Real-time quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, TTC staining, TUNEL assay, ELISA, oxidative stress detection assays, flow cytometry, and CCK-8 assay were carried out. RESULTS A decline in CaMKK2 levels was induced by MI/R in vivo or H/R in vitro. Up-modulation of CaMKK2 in rats ameliorated the cardiac injury evoked by MI/R injury accompanied by suppression of cardiac apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory response. Rat cardiomyocytes with CaMKK2 overexpression were also protected from H/R damage by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory response. CaMKK2 overexpression led to increased phosphorylation of AMPK, AKT, and GSK-3β, and enhanced activation of Nrf2 under MI/R or H/R conditions. Inhibition of AMPK abolished CaMKK2-mediated Nrf2 activation and relevant cardioprotective effect. Restraint of Nrf2 also diminished CaMKK2-mediated relevant cardioprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of CaMKK2 provides a therapeutic benefit in the rat model of MI/R injury by boosting the Nrf2 pathway through regulation of AMPK/AKT/GSK-3β, which suggests CaMKK2 as a new molecular target for the treatment of MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Li
- Department of General Practice, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jiajia Hao
- Department of General Practice, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Huichang Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Healthcare Simulation Center, Department of Research, Education and Information, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, No.1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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18
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Gaff J, Octaviana F, Jackaman C, Kamerman P, Papadimitriou J, Lee S, Mountford J, Price P. Expression in skin biopsies supports genetic evidence linking CAMKK2, P2X7R and P2X4R with HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:241-251. [PMID: 37166584 PMCID: PMC10404215 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) affects 14-38% of HIV+ individuals stable on therapy with no neurotoxic drugs. Polymorphisms in CAMKK2, P2X7R and P2X4R associated with altered risk of HIV-SN in Indonesian and South African patients. The role of CaMKK2 in neuronal repair makes this an attractive candidate, but a direct role for any protein is predicated on expression in affected tissues. Here, we describe expression of CaMKK2, P2X7R and P2X4R proteins in skin biopsies from the lower legs of HIV+ Indonesians with and without HIV-SN, and healthy controls (HC). HIV-SN was diagnosed using the Brief Peripheral Neuropathy Screen. Biopsies were stained to detect protein gene product 9.5 on nerve fibres and CaMKK2, P2X7R or P2X4R, and were examined using 3-colour sequential scanning confocal microscopy. Intraepidermal nerve fibre densities (IENFD) were lower in HIV+ donors than HC and correlated directly with nadir CD4 T-cell counts (r = 0.69, p = 0.004). However, IENFD counts were similar in HIV-SN+ and HIV-SN- donors (p = 0.19) and so did not define neuropathy. CaMKK2+ cells were located close to dermal and epidermal nerve fibres and were rare in HC and HIV-SN- donors, consistent with a role for the protein in nerve damage and/or repair. P2X7R was expressed by cells in blood vessels of HIV-SN- donors, but rarely in HC or HIV-SN+ donors. P2X4R expression by cells in the epidermal basal layer appeared greatest in HIV-SN+ donors. Overall, the differential expression of CaMKK2, P2X7R and P2X4R supports the genetic evidence of a role for these proteins in HIV-SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gaff
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
| | - Fitri Octaviana
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Neurology Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Australia
| | - Peter Kamerman
- School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Silvia Lee
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Patricia Price
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia.
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Australia.
- School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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19
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Mukherjee D, Previs RA, Haines CN, Abo MA, Juras PK, Strickland KC, Chakraborty B, Artham S, Whitaker R, Hebert KL, Fontenot J, Patierno SR, Freedman JA, Lau FH, Burow M, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Ca 2+ /Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase-2 (CaMKK2) promotes Protein Kinase G (PKG)-dependent actin cytoskeletal assembly to increase tumor metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.536051. [PMID: 37131673 PMCID: PMC10153149 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.536051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) tend to become highly invasive early during cancer development. Despite some successes in the initial treatment of patients diagnosed with early-stage localized TNBC, the rate of metastatic recurrence remains high with poor long-term survival outcomes. Here we show that elevated expression of the serine/threonine-kinase, Calcium/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase-2 (CaMKK2), is highly correlated with tumor invasiveness. We determined that genetic disruption of CaMKK2 expression, or inhibition of its activity, disrupted spontaneous metastatic outgrowth from primary tumors in murine xenograft models of TNBC. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), a high-risk, poor-prognosis ovarian cancer subtype, shares many genetic features with TNBC, and importantly, CaMKK2 inhibition effectively blocked metastatic progression in a validated xenograft model of this disease. Probing the mechanistic links between CaMKK2 and metastasis we defined the elements of a new signaling pathway that impacts actin cytoskeletal dynamics in a manner which increases cell migration/invasion and metastasis. Notably, CaMKK2 increases the expression of the phosphodiesterase PDE1A which decreases the cGMP-dependent activity of protein kinase G1 (PKG1). This inhibition of PKG1 results in decreased phosphorylation of Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP), which in its hypophosphorylated state binds to and regulates F-actin assembly to facilitate contraction/cell movement. Together, these data establish a targetable CaMKK2-PDE1A-PKG1-VASP signaling pathway that controls cancer cell motility and metastasis. Further, it credentials CaMKK2 as a therapeutic target that can be exploited in the discovery of agents for use in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting to restrict tumor invasiveness in patients diagnosed with early-stage TNBC or localized HGSOC.
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20
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Devasahayam Arokia Balaya R, Chandrasekaran J, Kanekar S, Kumar Modi P, Dagamajalu S, Gopinathan K, Raju R, Prasad TSK. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) inhibitors: a novel approach in small molecule discovery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15196-15206. [PMID: 37029757 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) plays a key role in regulation of intracellular calcium levels and signaling pathways. It is involved in activation of downstream signaling pathways that regulate various cellular processes. Dysregulation of CAMKK2 activity has been linked to various diseases including cancer, suggesting that CAMKK2 inhibitors might be beneficial in oncological, metabolic and inflammatory indications. The most pressing issues in small molecule discovery are synthesis feasibility, novel chemical structure and desired biological characteristics. To circumvent this constraint, we employed 'DrugspaceX' for rapid lead identification, followed by repositioning seven FDA-approved drugs for CAMKK2 inhibition. Further, first-level transformation (Set1 analogues) was performed in 'DrugspaceX', followed by virtual screening. The t-SNE visualization revealed that the transformations surrounding Rucaparib, Treprostinil and Canagliflozin are more promising for developing CAMKK2 inhibitors. Second, using the top-ranked Set1 analogues, Set2 analogues were generated, and virtual screening revealed the top-ranked five analogues. Among the top five Set2 analogues, DE273038_5 had the lowest docking score of -11.034 kcal/mol and SA score of 2.59, retaining the essential interactions with Hotspot residues LYS194 and VAL270 across 250 ns simulation period. When compared to the other four compounds, the ligand effectiveness score was 0.409, and the number of rotatable penalties was only three. Further, DE273038_5 after two rounds of transformations was discovered to be novel and had not been previously described in other databases. These data suggest that the new candidate DE273038_5 is likely to have inhibitory activity at the CAMKK2 active site, implying potential therapeutic use.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaikanth Chandrasekaran
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Saptami Kanekar
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kirthika Gopinathan
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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21
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Diao F, Jiang C, Sun Y, Gao Y, Bai J, Nauwynck H, Wang X, Yang Y, Jiang P, Liu X. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection triggers autophagy via ER stress-induced calcium signaling to facilitate virus replication. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011295. [PMID: 36972295 PMCID: PMC10079224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+), a ubiquitous second messenger, plays a crucial role in many cellular functions. Viruses often hijack Ca2+ signaling to facilitate viral processes such as entry, replication, assembly, and egress. Here, we report that infection by the swine arterivirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), induces dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis, subsequently activating calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMKII) mediated autophagy, and thus fueling viral replication. Mechanically, PRRSV infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and forms a closed ER–plasma membrane (PM) contacts, resulting the opening of store operated calcium entry (SOCE) channel and causing the ER to take up extracellular Ca2+, which is then released into the cytoplasm by inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) channel. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of ER stress or CaMKII mediated autophagy blocks PRRSV replication. Notably, we show that PRRSV protein Nsp2 plays a dominant role in the PRRSV induced ER stress and autophagy, interacting with stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). The interplay between PRRSV and cellular calcium signaling provides a novel potential approach to develop antivirals and therapeutics for the disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Diao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chenlong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (PJ); (XL)
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (PJ); (XL)
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22
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Virga DM, Hamilton S, Osei B, Morgan A, Zamponi E, Park NJ, Hewitt VL, Zhang D, Gonzalez KC, Bloss E, Polleux F, Lewis TL. Activity-dependent subcellular compartmentalization of dendritic mitochondria structure in CA1 pyramidal neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.25.534233. [PMID: 36993655 PMCID: PMC10055421 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.534233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal mitochondria play important roles beyond ATP generation, including Ca2+ uptake, and therefore have instructive roles in synaptic function and neuronal response properties. Mitochondrial morphology differs significantly in the axon and dendrites of a given neuronal subtype, but in CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the hippocampus, mitochondria within the dendritic arbor also display a remarkable degree of subcellular, layer-specific compartmentalization. In the dendrites of these neurons, mitochondria morphology ranges from highly fused and elongated in the apical tuft, to more fragmented in the apical oblique and basal dendritic compartments, and thus occupy a smaller fraction of dendritic volume than in the apical tuft. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking degree of subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondria morphology are unknown, precluding the assessment of its impact on neuronal function. Here, we demonstrate that this compartment-specific morphology of dendritic mitochondria requires activity-dependent, Camkk2-dependent activation of AMPK and its ability to phosphorylate two direct effectors: the pro-fission Drp1 receptor Mff and the recently identified anti-fusion, Opa1-inhibiting protein, Mtfr1l. Our study uncovers a new activity-dependent molecular mechanism underlying the extreme subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondrial morphology in dendrites of neurons in vivo through spatially precise regulation of mitochondria fission/fusion balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Stevie Hamilton
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Bertha Osei
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Abigail Morgan
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Emiliano Zamponi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Natalie J. Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Victoria L. Hewitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Kevin C. Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Erik Bloss
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Tommy L. Lewis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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23
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Ferdowsi PV, Ahuja KDK, Beckett JM, Myers S. Capsaicin and Zinc Signalling Pathways as Promising Targets for Managing Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062861. [PMID: 36985831 PMCID: PMC10051839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has led to significant interest in finding novel and effective therapeutic targets for this chronic disorder. Bioactive food components have effectively improved abnormal glucose metabolism associated with this disease. Capsaicin and zinc are food components that have shown the potential to improve glucose metabolism by activating signalling events in the target cells. Capsaicin and zinc stimulate glucose uptake through the activation of distinct pathways (AMPK and AKT, respectively); however, calcium signal transduction seems to be the common pathway between the two. The investigation of molecular pathways that are activated by capsaicin and zinc has the potential to lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets for T2DM. Therefore, this literature review aims to provide a summary of the main signalling pathways triggered by capsaicin and zinc in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Vahidi Ferdowsi
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, C25/9 High St, Kensington, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Kiran D K Ahuja
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Beckett
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Stephen Myers
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
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24
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Jeon S, Park JE, Do YH, Santos R, Lee SM, Kim BN, Cheong JH, Kim Y. Atomoxetine and Fluoxetine Activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 Pathway in Human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG Cells. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:212-219. [PMID: 36990664 PMCID: PMC10064201 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atomoxetine and fluoxetine are psychopharmacologic agents associated with loss of appetite and weight. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular energy sensor that regulate metabolism and energy, being activated by fasting and inhibited by feeding in the hypothalamus. METHODS Human brain cell lines (SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells) were used to study the outcome of atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the activity of AMPK-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)- carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) pathway and upstream regulation by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) using immunoblotting and CPT1 enzymatic activity measures. RESULTS Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC increased significantly after atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the first 30-60 minutes of treatment in the two cell lines. Activation of AMPK and inhibition of ACC was associated with an increase by 5-fold of mitochondrial CPT1 activity. Although the neuronal isoform CPT1C could be detected by immunoblotting, activity was not changed by the drug treatments. In addition, the increase in phospho-AMPK and phospho-ACC expression induced by atomoxetine was abolished by treatment with STO-609, a CaMKKβ inhibitor, indicating that AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway is activated through CaMKKβ phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that at the cellular level atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatments may activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathways through CaMKKβ in human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhee Jeon
- Center for Glocal Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Do
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Renata Santos
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Laboratory of Dynamics of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Seong Mi Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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25
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The role of CaMKK2 in Golgi-associated vesicle trafficking. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:331-342. [PMID: 36815702 PMCID: PMC9987998 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase, that is involved in maintaining various physiological and cellular processes within the cell that regulate energy homeostasis and cell growth. CaMKK2 regulates glucose metabolism by the activation of downstream kinases, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Consequently, its deregulation has a role in multiple human metabolic diseases including obesity and cancer. Despite the importance of CaMKK2, its signalling pathways and pathological mechanisms are not completely understood. Recent work has been aimed at broadening our understanding of the biological functions of CaMKK2. These studies have uncovered new interaction partners that have led to the description of new functions that include lipogenesis and Golgi vesicle trafficking. Here, we review recent insights into the role of CaMKK2 in membrane trafficking mechanisms and discuss the functional implications in a cellular context and for disease.
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26
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Auto repair workers exposed to PM2.5 particulate matter in Barranquilla, Colombia: telomere length and hematological parameters. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 887:503597. [PMID: 37003649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to 2.5 µm particulate matter (PM2.5) in automotive repair shops is associated with risks to health. We evaluated the effects of occupational exposure to PM2.5 among auto repair-shop workers. Blood and urine samples were collected from 110 volunteers from Barranquilla, Colombia: 55 active workers and 55 controls. PM2.5 concentrations were assessed at each of the sampling sites and chemical content was analyzed by SEM-EDS electron microscopy. The biological samples obtained were peripheral blood (hematological profiling, DNA extraction) and urine (malondialdehyde concentration). Telomere length was assessed by qPCR and polymorphisms in the glutathione transferase genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 by PCR-RFLP, with confirmation by allelic exclusion. White blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM%) and platelet (PLT) counts and the malondialdehyde concentration were higher (4.10 ± 0.93) in the exposed group compared to the control group (1.56 ± 0.96). TL was shorter (5071 ± 891) in the exposed individuals compared to the control group (6271 ± 805). White blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were positively associated with exposure. Age and TBARS were correlated with TL in exposed individuals. The GSTT1 gene alleles were not in Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium. The GSTM1 gene alleles were in H-W equilibrium and allelic exclusion analysis confirmed the presence of heterozygous GSTM1 genotypes. SEM-EDS analysis showed the presence of potentially toxic elements, including Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Rh, Zn, and Cu. Auto repair shop workers showed effects that may be associated with exposure to mixtures of pollutants present in PM2.5. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes had independent modulatory effects.
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27
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Juras PK, Racioppi L, Mukherjee D, Artham S, Gao X, D’Agostino LA, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Increased CaMKK2 Expression Is an Adaptive Response That Maintains the Fitness of Tumor-Infiltrating Natural Killer Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:109-122. [PMID: 36301267 PMCID: PMC9812906 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is a key regulator of energy homeostasis in several cell types. Expression of this enzyme in tumor cells promotes proliferation and migration, and expression in tumor-associated immune cells facilitates M2 macrophage polarization and the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Thus, there has been interest in developing CaMKK2 inhibitors as potential anticancer therapeutics. One impediment to clinical development of these agents is that the roles of CaMKK2 in other cellular compartments within the tumor immune microenvironment remain to be established. We report herein that CaMKK2 is expressed at low basal levels in natural killer (NK) cells but is upregulated in tumor-infiltrating NK cells where it suppresses apoptosis and promotes proliferation. NK cell-intrinsic deletion of CaMKK2 increased metastatic progression in several murine models, establishing a critical role for this enzyme in NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Ablation of the CaMKK2 protein, but not inhibition of its kinase activity, resulted in decreased NK-cell survival. These results indicate an important scaffolding function for CaMKK2 in NK cells and suggest that competitive CaMKK2 inhibitors and ligand-directed degraders (LDD) are likely to have distinct therapeutic utilities. Finally, we determined that intracellular lactic acid is a key driver of CaMKK2 expression, suggesting that upregulated expression of this enzyme is an adaptive mechanism by which tumor-infiltrating NK cells mitigate the deleterious effects of a lactic acid-rich tumor microenvironment. The findings of this study should inform strategies to manipulate the CaMKK2-signaling axis as a therapeutic approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K. Juras
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Luigi Racioppi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Debarati Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sandeep Artham
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura Akullian D’Agostino
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Donald P. McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Beghi S, Furmanik M, Jaminon A, Veltrop R, Rapp N, Wichapong K, Bidar E, Buschini A, Schurgers LJ. Calcium Signalling in Heart and Vessels: Role of Calmodulin and Downstream Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416139. [PMID: 36555778 PMCID: PMC9783221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death worldwide. The success of medication and other preventive measures introduced in the last century have not yet halted the epidemic of cardiovascular disease. Although the molecular mechanisms of the pathophysiology of the heart and vessels have been extensively studied, the burden of ischemic cardiovascular conditions has risen to become a top cause of morbidity and mortality. Calcium has important functions in the cardiovascular system. Calcium is involved in the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling that regulates numerous events, ranging from the production of action potentials to the contraction of cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Both in the heart and vessels, the rise of intracellular calcium is sensed by calmodulin, a protein that regulates and activates downstream kinases involved in regulating calcium signalling. Among them is the calcium calmodulin kinase family, which is involved in the regulation of cardiac functions. In this review, we present the current literature regarding the role of calcium/calmodulin pathways in the heart and vessels with the aim to summarize our mechanistic understanding of this process and to open novel avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Beghi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3408473527
| | - Malgorzata Furmanik
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Armand Jaminon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Veltrop
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas Rapp
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Hong MJ, Park JE, Lee SY, Lee JH, Choi JE, Kang HG, Do SK, Jeong JY, Shin KM, Lee WK, Seok Y, Choi SH, Lee YH, Seo H, Yoo SS, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Park JY. Exonuclease 1 genetic variant is associated with clinical outcomes of pemetrexed chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2022; 13:3701-3709. [PMID: 36606188 PMCID: PMC9809306 DOI: 10.7150/jca.78498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed is an anti-folate agent which is one of the most frequently used chemotherapy agents for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, clinical response to pemetrexed chemotherapy and survival outcome of patients varies significantly. We evaluated whether the genetic variants in miRNA target sites may affect the treatment outcome of pemetrexed chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients. One hundred SNPs in miRNA binding regions in cancer-related genes were obtained from the crosslinking, ligation, and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH) and CancerGenes database, and the associations with the response to pemetrexed chemotherapy and survival outcomes were investigated in 314 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Two polymorphisms, EXO1 rs1047840G>A and CAMKK2 rs1653586G>T, were significantly associated with worse chemotherapy response (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.24-0.68, P = 0.001, under dominant model; and aOR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.16-0.67, P = 0.002, under dominant model, respectively) and worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.01-1.77, P = 0.04, under dominant model; and aHR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.06-2.13, P = 0.02, under dominant model, respectively) in multivariate analyses. Significantly increased luciferase activity was noted in EXO1 rs1047840 A allele compared to G allele. In conclusion, two SNPs in miRNA binding sites, especially EXO1 rs1047840G>A, were associated with the chemotherapy response and survival outcome in lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with pemetrexed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Shin Yup Lee, MD, PhD, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea; Tel: +82-53-200-2632; Fax: +82-53-200-2027, E-mail: ; Jae Yong Park, MD, PhD, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea; Tel: +82-53-200-2631; Fax: +82-53-200-2027, E-mail:
| | - Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Shin
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Lee
- Medical Research Collaboration Center in Kyungpook National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangki Seok
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Shin Yup Lee, MD, PhD, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea; Tel: +82-53-200-2632; Fax: +82-53-200-2027, E-mail: ; Jae Yong Park, MD, PhD, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea; Tel: +82-53-200-2631; Fax: +82-53-200-2027, E-mail:
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30
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Steinhoff M, Alam M, Ahmad A, Uddin S, Buddenkotte J. Targeting oncogenic transcription factors in skin malignancies: An update on cancer stemness and therapeutic outcomes. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:98-116. [PMID: 36372325 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and prone to various diseases, including cancer; thus, provides the first line of defense against exogenous biological and non-biological agents. Skin cancer, a complex and heterogenic process, with steep incidence rate often metastasizes due to poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and clinical challenges. Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates that deregulation of transcription factors (TFs) due to genetic, epigenetic and signaling distortions plays essential role in the development of cutaneous malignancies and therapeutic challenges including cancer stemness features and reprogramming. This review highlights the recent developments exploring underlying mechanisms how deregulated TFs (e.g., NF-κB, AP-1, STAT etc.,) orchestrates cutaneous onco-pathogenesis, reprogramming, stemness and poor clinical outcomes. Along this line, bioactive drugs, and their derivatives from natural and or synthetic origin has gained attention due to their multitargeting potential, potentially safer and effective therapeutic outcome for human malignancies. We also discussed therapeutic importance of targeting aberrantly expressed TFs in skin cancers with bioactive natural products and or synthetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Majid Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
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31
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Kim JS, Lee HL, Jeong JH, Yoon YE, Lee IR, Kim JM, Wu C, Lee SJ. OR2AT4, an Ectopic Olfactory Receptor, Suppresses Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2180. [PMID: 36358552 PMCID: PMC9686838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are the largest protein superfamily in mammals. Certain ORs are ectopically expressed in extranasal tissues and regulate cell type-specific signal transduction pathways. OR2AT4 is ectopically expressed in skin cells and promotes wound healing and hair growth. As the capacities of wound healing and hair growth decline with aging, we investigated the role of OR2AT4 in the aging and senescence of human keratinocytes. OR2AT4 was functionally expressed in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and exhibited co-expression with G-protein-coupled receptor signaling components, Golfα and adenylate cyclase 3. The OR2AT4 ligand sandalore modulates the intracellular calcium, inositol phosphate, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The increased calcium level induced by sandalore was attenuated in cells with OR2AT4 knockdown. OR2AT4 activation by sandalore inhibited the senescent cell phenotypes and restored cell proliferation and Ki-67 expression. Sandalore also inhibited the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and increased p21 expression in senescent HaCaT cells in response to hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, sandalore activated the CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTORC1/autophagy signaling axis and promoted autophagy. OR2AT4 knockdown attenuated the increased in the intracellular calcium level, cell proliferation, and AMPK phosphorylation induced by sandalore. These findings demonstrate that the effects of sandalore are mediated by OR2AT4 activation. Our findings suggest that OR2AT4 may be a novel therapeutic target for anti-aging and anti-senescence in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Science & Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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32
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Huang YT, Wu YF, Wang HK, Yao CCJ, Chiu YH, Sun JS, Chao YH. Cyclic mechanical stretch regulates the AMPK/Egr1 pathway in tenocytes via Ca2+-mediated mechanosensing. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:590-602. [PMID: 35229695 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2044321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanical stimuli are essential for the maintenance of tendon tissue homeostasis. The study aims to elucidate the mechanobiological mechanisms underlying the maintenance of tenocyte homeostasis by cyclic mechanical stretch under high-glucose (HG) condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary tenocytes were isolated from rat Achilles tendon and 2D-cultured under HG condition. The in vitro effects of a single bout, 2-h cyclic biaxial stretch session (1 Hz, 8%) on primary rat tenocytes were explored through Flexcell system. Cell viability, tenogenic gene expression, intracellular calcium concentration, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression, and signaling pathway activation were analyzed in tenocytes with or without mechanical stretch. RESULTS Mechanical stretch increased tenocyte proliferation and upregulated early growth response protein 1 (Egr1) expression. An increase in intracellular calcium was observed after 30 min of stretching. Mechanical stretch phosphorylated FAK, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a time-dependent manner, and these effects were abrogated after blocking intracellular calcium. Inhibition of FAK, CaMKK2, and AMPK downregulated the expression of Egr1. In addition, mechanical stretch reinforced cytoskeletal organization via calcium (Ca2+)/FAK signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that mechanical stretch-induced calcium influx activated CaMKK2/AMPK signaling and FAK-cytoskeleton reorganization, thereby promoting the expression of Egr1, which may help maintain tendon cell characteristics and homeostasis in the context of diabetic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Wu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Hsing-Kuo Wang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Jane Yao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Chiu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Chao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Neuronal CaMKK2 promotes immunosuppression and checkpoint blockade resistance in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6483. [PMID: 36309495 PMCID: PMC9617949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is notorious for its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and is refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Here, we identify calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) as a driver of ICB resistance. CaMKK2 is highly expressed in pro-tumor cells and is associated with worsened survival in patients with GBM. Host CaMKK2, specifically, reduces survival and promotes ICB resistance. Multimodal profiling of the TME reveals that CaMKK2 is associated with several ICB resistance-associated immune phenotypes. CaMKK2 promotes exhaustion in CD8+ T cells and reduces the expansion of effector CD4+ T cells, additionally limiting their tumor penetrance. CaMKK2 also maintains myeloid cells in a disease-associated microglia-like phenotype. Lastly, neuronal CaMKK2 is required for maintaining the ICB resistance-associated myeloid phenotype, is deleterious to survival, and promotes ICB resistance. Our findings reveal CaMKK2 as a contributor to ICB resistance and identify neurons as a driver of immunotherapeutic resistance in GBM.
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34
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Zhou B, Luo Y, Ji N, Hu C, Lu Y. Orosomucoid 2 maintains hepatic lipid homeostasis through suppression of de novo lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1185-1201. [PMID: 36050503 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by imbalance in lipid metabolism. In this study, we show that the hepatokine orosomucoid (ORM) 2 is a key regulator of de novo lipogenesis in the liver. Hepatic and plasma ORM2 levels are markedly decreased in obese murine models and patients with NAFLD. Through multiple loss- and gain-of function studies, we demonstrate that ORM2 is essential to maintain hepatic and systemic lipid homeostasis. At the mechanistic level, ORM2 binds to inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 to activate AMP-activated protein kinase signaling, thereby inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c-mediated lipogenic gene program. Notably, intraperitoneal injections of recombinant ORM2 protein or stabilized ORM2-FC fusion protein markedly improved liver steatosis, steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis in preclinical mouse models, without adverse effects on body weight or food intake. Thus, these findings suggest that ORM2 may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and related lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchen Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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35
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Brown JS. Treatment of cancer with antipsychotic medications: Pushing the boundaries of schizophrenia and cancer. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104809. [PMID: 35970416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Over a century ago, the phenothiazine dye, methylene blue, was discovered to have both antipsychotic and anti-cancer effects. In the 20th-century, the first phenothiazine antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, was found to inhibit cancer. During the years of elucidating the pharmacology of the phenothiazines, reserpine, an antipsychotic with a long historical background, was likewise discovered to have anti-cancer properties. Research on the effects of antipsychotics on cancer continued slowly until the 21st century when efforts to repurpose antipsychotics for cancer treatment accelerated. This review examines the history of these developments, and identifies which antipsychotics might treat cancer, and which cancers might be treated by antipsychotics. The review also describes the molecular mechanisms through which antipsychotics may inhibit cancer. Although the overlap of molecular pathways between schizophrenia and cancer have been known or suspected for many years, no comprehensive review of the subject has appeared in the psychiatric literature to assess the significance of these similarities. This review fills that gap and discusses what, if any, significance the similarities have regarding the etiology of schizophrenia.
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36
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Dai S, Venturini E, Yadav S, Lin X, Clapp D, Steckiewicz M, Gocher-Demske AM, Hardie DG, Edelman AM. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 mediates pleiotropic effects of epidermal growth factor in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119252. [PMID: 35271909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Engagement of epidermal growth factor (EGF) with its receptor (EGFR) produces a broad range of cancer phenotypes. The overriding aim of this study was to understand EGFR signaling and its regulation by the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in cancer cells. RESULTS In ovarian cancer cells and other cancer cell types, EGF-induced activation of oncogenic Akt is mediated by both the canonical PI3K-PDK1 pathway and by CaMKK2. Akt activation induced by EGF occurs by both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent mechanisms. In contrast to the canonical pathway, CaMKK2 neither binds to, nor is regulated by phosphoinositides but is activated by Ca2+/CaM. Akt activation at its primary activation site, T308 occurs by direct phosphorylation by CaMKK2, but activation at its secondary site (S473), is through an indirect mechanism requiring mTORC2. In cells in which another CaMKK2 target, 5'AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) was deleted, Akt activation and calcium-dependency of activation were still observed. CaMKK2 accumulates in the nucleus in response to EGF and regulates transcription of phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP) a glycolytic regulator. CaMKK2 is required for optimal PFK activity. CaMKK2 regulates transcription of plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU) a metastasis regulator. The EGFR inhibitor gefitinib synergizes with CaMKK2 inhibition in the regulation of cell survival and increases the dose-reduction index. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of CaMKK2 leads to compensatory PTEN downregulation and upregulation of Akt activation. CONCLUSIONS CaMKK2-mediation of EGFR action may enable cancer cells to use intracellular calcium elevation as a signal for growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Elisa Venturini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Saveg Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Dylan Clapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Martin Steckiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Angela M Gocher-Demske
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America; Department of Immunology School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1521, United States of America
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signaling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Arthur M Edelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America.
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Interaction of human phospholipid scramblase 1 with cholesterol via CRAC motif is essential for functional regulation and subcellular localization. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:850-857. [PMID: 35439477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human phospholipid scramblase 1 (hPLSCR1) possesses a putative cholesterol binding CRAC (cholesterol interaction/recognition amino acid consensus) motif at the C-terminal. The CRAC motif of hPLSCR1 interacts with cholesterol with an energy of interaction -64.39 KJ mol-1. Since palmitoylated hPLSCR1 localizes to the cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, the interaction between hPLSCR1 and raft cholesterol is highly likely. The present study investigated the hPLSCR1-cholesterol interaction in plasma membrane via putative CRAC motif. hPLSCR1 remains at cholesterol-rich lipid rafts as long as they interact. This interaction is inhibited by mutations in the CRAC motif or cholesterol depletion. Thus, CRAC mutants I300D hPLSCR1 and ΔCRAC hPLSCR1 diffused to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Cholesterol depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) dose-dependently reduced cell viability in A549 cells. However, cholesterol depletion released 1.74 ± 0.12 times Ca2+ to the cytosol in A549 cells. Similarly, cholesterol depletion increased intracellular Ca2+ release by 1.81 ± 0.13 and 4.11 ± 0.19 times in RAJI cells expressing hPLSCR1 and ΔCRAC hPLSCR1, respectively. Moreover, the expression of hPLSCR1 and ΔCRAC hPLSCR1 increased apoptosis in RAJI cells by 21 ± 1.5% and 53.50 ± 4.40%, respectively. It was further increased to 43 ± 2.5% and 71.4 ± 1.4% upon cholesterol depletion. The current work links hPLSCR1 expression with cholesterol depletion, intracellular Ca2+ release, and induction of apoptosis.
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Rodgers RL. Glucagon, cyclic AMP, and hepatic glucose mobilization: A half‐century of uncertainty. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15263. [PMID: 35569125 PMCID: PMC9107925 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For at least 50 years, the prevailing view has been that the adenylate cyclase (AC)/cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A pathway is the predominant signal mediating the hepatic glucose‐mobilizing actions of glucagon. A wealth of evidence, however, supports the alternative, that the operative signal most of the time is the phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol‐phosphate (IP3)/calcium/calmodulin pathway. The evidence can be summarized as follows: (1) The consensus threshold glucagon concentration for activating AC ex vivo is 100 pM, but the statistical hepatic portal plasma glucagon concentration range, measured by RIA, is between 28 and 60 pM; (2) Within that physiological concentration range, glucagon stimulates the PLC/IP3 pathway and robustly increases glucose output without affecting the AC/cAMP pathway; (3) Activation of a latent, amplified AC/cAMP pathway at concentrations below 60 pM is very unlikely; and (4) Activation of the PLC/IP3 pathway at physiological concentrations produces intracellular effects that are similar to those produced by activation of the AC/cAMP pathway at concentrations above 100 pM, including elevated intracellular calcium and altered activities and expressions of key enzymes involved in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen synthesis. Under metabolically stressful conditions, as in the early neonate or exercising adult, plasma glucagon concentrations often exceed 100 pM, recruiting the AC/cAMP pathway and enhancing the activation of PLC/IP3 pathway to boost glucose output, adaptively meeting the elevated systemic glucose demand. Whether the AC/cAMP pathway is consistently activated in starvation or diabetes is not clear. Because the importance of glucagon in the pathogenesis of diabetes is becoming increasingly evident, it is even more urgent now to resolve lingering uncertainties and definitively establish glucagon’s true mechanism of glycemia regulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Rodgers
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
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Najar MA, Arefian M, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Prasad TSK, Modi PK, Chatterjee A. Tyrosine Phosphorylation Profiling Revealed the Signaling Network Characteristics of CAMKK2 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:854764. [PMID: 35646067 PMCID: PMC9136244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase which functions via the calcium-triggered signaling cascade with CAMK1, CAMK4, and AMPKα as the immediate downstream substrates. CAMKK2 is reported to be overexpressed in gastric cancer; however, its signaling mechanism is poorly understood. We carried out label-free quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomics to investigate tyrosine-mediated molecular signaling associated with CAMKK2 in gastric cancer cells. Using a high-resolution Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Fourier-transform mass spectrometer, we identified 350 phosphotyrosine sites mapping to 157 proteins. We observed significant alterations in 81 phosphopeptides corresponding to 63 proteins upon inhibition of CAMKK2, among which 16 peptides were hyperphosphorylated corresponding to 13 proteins and 65 peptides were hypophosphorylated corresponding to 51 proteins. We report here that the inhibition of CAMKK2 leads to changes in the phosphorylation of several tyrosine kinases such as PKP2, PTK2, EPHA1, EPHA2, PRKCD, MAPK12, among others. Pathway analyses revealed that proteins are differentially phosphorylated in response to CAMKK2 inhibition involved in focal adhesions, actin cytoskeleton, axon guidance, and signaling by VEGF. The western blot analysis upon inhibition and/or silencing of CAMKK2 revealed a decrease in phosphorylation of PTK2 at Y925, c-JUN at S73, and STAT3 at Y705, which was in concordance with the mass spectrometry data. The study indicates that inhibition of CAMKK2 has an anti-oncogenic effect in gastric cells regulating phosphorylation of STAT3 through PTK2/c-JUN in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mohammad Arefian
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Oncology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Prashant Kumar Modi, ; Aditi Chatterjee,
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Prashant Kumar Modi, ; Aditi Chatterjee,
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Jin Q, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Zhang S, Sun Z, Shi Y, Yan H, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhao Z. CAMK1D Inhibits Glioma Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845036. [PMID: 35494053 PMCID: PMC9043760 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein ID (CAMK1D) is widely expressed in many tissues and involved in tumor cell growth. However, its role in gliomas has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of CAMK1D in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma. Through online datasets, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis, glioma tissue has significantly lower CAMK1D expression levels than normal brain (NB) tissues, and CAMK1D expression was positively correlated with the WHO classification. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis shows that CAMK1D can be used as a potential prognostic indicator to predict the overall survival of glioma patients. In addition, colony formation assay, cell counting Kit-8, and xenograft experiment identified that knockdown of CAMK1D promotes the proliferation of glioma cells. Transwell and wound healing assays identified that knockdown of CAMK1D promoted the invasion and migration of glioma cells. In the above experiments, the results of overexpression of CAMK1D were all contrary to those of knockdown. In terms of mechanism, this study found that CAMK1D regulates the function of glioma cells by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CAMK1D serves as a prognostic predictor and a new target for developing therapeutics to treat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxu Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongshan Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Nakamori M, Shimizu H, Ogawa K, Hasuike Y, Nakajima T, Sakurai H, Araki T, Okada Y, Kakita A, Mochizuki H. Cell type-specific abnormalities of central nervous system in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac154. [PMID: 35770133 PMCID: PMC9218787 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a multisystem genetic disorder involving the muscle, heart and CNS. It is caused by toxic RNA transcription from expanded CTG repeats in the 3′-untranslated region of DMPK, leading to dysregulated splicing of various genes and multisystemic symptoms. Although aberrant splicing of several genes has been identified as the cause of some muscular symptoms, the pathogenesis of CNS symptoms prevalent in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 remains unelucidated, possibly due to a limitation in studying a diverse mixture of different cell types, including neuronal cells and glial cells. Previous studies revealed neuronal loss in the cortex, myelin loss in the white matter and the presence of axonal neuropathy in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. To elucidate the CNS pathogenesis, we investigated cell type-specific abnormalities in cortical neurons, white matter glial cells and spinal motor neurons via laser-capture microdissection. We observed that the CTG repeat instability and cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) methylation status varied among the CNS cell lineages; cortical neurons had more unstable and longer repeats with higher CpG methylation than white matter glial cells, and spinal motor neurons had more stable repeats with lower methylation status. We also identified splicing abnormalities in each CNS cell lineage, such as DLGAP1 in white matter glial cells and CAMKK2 in spinal motor neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated that aberrant splicing of CAMKK2 is associated with abnormal neurite morphology in myotonic dystrophy type 1 motor neurons. Our laser-capture microdissection-based study revealed cell type-dependent genetic, epigenetic and splicing abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy type 1 CNS, indicating the significant potential of cell type-specific analysis in elucidating the CNS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakamori
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University , 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University , 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585 , Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Yuhei Hasuike
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Takashi Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Niigata National Hospital , 3-52 Akasakamachi, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-8585 , Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University , 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 , Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University , 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585 , Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
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Lu J, Zhang Y, Wang YZ, Li YY, Wang R, Zhong YJ, Chen L, Song MW, Shi L, Li L, Li YW. Caffeic acid dimethyl ether alleviates alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis via microRNA-378b-mediated CaMKK2-AMPK pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11122-11136. [PMID: 35481488 PMCID: PMC9208468 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2060586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), with its increasing morbidity and mortality, has seriously and extensively affected the health of people worldwide. Caffeic Acid Dimethyl Ether (CADE) significantly inhibits alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis in vivo through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, but its in-depth mechanism remains unclear. This work aimed to clarify further mechanism of CADE in improving hepatic lipid accumulation in ALD through the microRNA-378b (miR-378b)-mediated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)-AMPK signaling pathway. Here, we reported that the hepatic or serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were sharply escalated by ethanol while prominently decreased by CADE. Ethanol sharply up-regulated miR-378b expression while CADE effectively prevented the elevation of miR-378b in vivo. And treatment of CADE surely increased mRNA and protein expression of CaMKK2 as a kinase of AMPK and reduced lipid accumulation in the livers of alcohol-fed C57BL/6 mice. MiR-378b escalation exacerbated hepatic steatosis and inhibited CaMKK2-AMPK signaling, while miR-378b deficiency alleviated lipid accumulation and activated the CaMKK2 cascade. Furthermore, CADE alleviated the lipid deposition and reversed the disorder of CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway induced by miR-378b over-expression. However, knockdown of miR-378b eliminated the beneficial effect of CADE on lipid metabolism. In brief, our results showed that CADE ultimately improved hepatic lipid deposition by regulating the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway through miR-378b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ying-Zhao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Meng-Wei Song
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yong-Wen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin, China
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Abstract
In 2011, CAMKK2, the gene encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), was demonstrated to be a direct target of the androgen receptor and a driver of prostate cancer progression. Results from multiple independent studies have confirmed these findings and demonstrated the potential role of CAMKK2 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer using a variety of preclinical models. Drug development efforts targeting CAMKK2 have begun accordingly. CAMKK2 regulation can vary across disease stages, which might have important implications in the use of CAMKK2 as a biomarker. Moreover, new non-cell-autonomous roles for CAMKK2 that could affect tumorigenesis, metastasis and possible comorbidities linked to disease and treatment have emerged and could present novel treatment opportunities for prostate cancer.
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A molecular complex of Ca v1.2/CaMKK2/CaMK1a in caveolae is responsible for vascular remodeling via excitation-transcription coupling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117435119. [PMID: 35412911 PMCID: PMC9169798 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117435119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitation–transcription (E-T) coupling can initiate and modulate essential physiological or pathological responses in cells, such as neurons and cardiac myocytes. Although vascular myocytes also exhibit E-T coupling in response to membrane depolarization, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Our study reveals that E-T coupling in vascular myocytes converts intracellular Ca2+ signals into selective gene transcription related to chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion, and inflammation. Our discovery identifies a mechanism for vascular remodeling as an adaptation to increased circumferential stretch. Elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) activates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMK) and promotes gene transcription. This signaling pathway is referred to as excitation–transcription (E-T) coupling. Although vascular myocytes can exhibit E-T coupling, the molecular mechanisms and physiological/pathological roles are unknown. Multiscale analysis spanning from single molecules to whole organisms has revealed essential steps in mouse vascular myocyte E-T coupling. Upon a depolarizing stimulus, Ca2+ influx through Cav1.2 voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels activates CaMKK2 and CaMK1a, resulting in intranuclear CREB phosphorylation. Within caveolae, the formation of a molecular complex of Cav1.2/CaMKK2/CaMK1a is promoted in vascular myocytes. Live imaging using a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator revealed direct activation of CaMKK2 by Ca2+ influx through Cav1.2 localized to caveolae. CaMK1a is phosphorylated by CaMKK2 at caveolae and translocated to the nucleus upon membrane depolarization. In addition, sustained depolarization of a mesenteric artery preparation induced genes related to chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion, and inflammation, and these changes were reversed by inhibitors of Cav1.2, CaMKK2, and CaMK, or disruption of caveolae. In the context of pathophysiology, when the mesenteric artery was loaded by high pressure in vivo, we observed CREB phosphorylation in myocytes, macrophage accumulation at adventitia, and an increase in thickness and cross-sectional area of the tunica media. These changes were reduced in caveolin1-knockout mice or in mice treated with the CaMKK2 inhibitor STO609. In summary, E-T coupling depends on Cav1.2/CaMKK2/CaMK1a localized to caveolae, and this complex converts [Ca2+]i changes into gene transcription. This ultimately leads to macrophage accumulation and media remodeling for adaptation to increased circumferential stretch.
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Abstract
T lymphocytes (T cells) are divided into two functionally different subgroups the CD4+ T helper cells (Th) and the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Adequate CD4 and CD8 T cell activation to proliferation, clonal expansion and effector function is crucial for efficient clearance of infection by pathogens. Failure to do so may lead to T cell exhaustion. Upon activation by antigen presenting cells, T cells undergo metabolic reprograming that support effector functions. In this review we will discuss how metabolic reprograming dictates functionality during viral infections using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as examples. Moreover, we will briefly discuss T cell metabolic programs during bacterial infections exemplified by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjørn Steen Skålhegg
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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CaMKK2 Knockout Bone Marrow Cells Collected/Processed in Low Oxygen (Physioxia) Suggests CaMKK2 as a Hematopoietic Stem to Progenitor Differentiation Fate Determinant. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2513-2521. [PMID: 35262902 PMCID: PMC10072181 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about a regulatory role of CaMKK2 for hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cell function. To assess this, we used Camkk2-/- and wild type (WT) control mouse bone marrow (BM) cells. BM cells were collected/processed and compared under hypoxia (3% oxygen; physioxia) vs. ambient air (~21% oxygen). Subjecting cells collected to ambient air, even for a few minutes, causes a stress that we termed Extra Physiological Shock/Stress (EPHOSS) that causes differentiation of HSCs and HPCs. We consider physioxia collection/processing a more relevant way to assess HSC/HPC numbers and function, as the cells remain in an oxygen tension closer physiologic conditions. Camkk2-/- cells collected/processed at 3% oxygen had positive and negative effects respectively on HSCs (by engraftment using competitive transplantation with congenic donor and competitor cells and lethally irradiated congenic recipient mice), and HPCs (by colony forming assays of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM) compared to WT cells processed in ambient air. Thus, with cells collected/processed under physioxia, and therefore never exposed and naïve to ambient air conditions, CaMKK2 not only appears to act as an HSC to HPC differentiation fate determinant, but as we found for other intracellular mediators, the Camkk-/- mouse BM cells were relatively resistant to effects of EPHOSS. This information is of potential use for modulation of WT BM HSCs and HPCs for future clinical advantage.
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Müller A, Köhler UA, Trzebanski S, Vinik Y, Raj HM, Girault J, Ben‐Chetrit N, Maraver A, Jung S, Lev S. Mouse Modeling Dissecting Macrophage-Breast Cancer Communication Uncovered Roles of PYK2 in Macrophage Recruitment and Breast Tumorigenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105696. [PMID: 35092356 PMCID: PMC8948556 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration in mammary tumors is associated with enhanced tumor progression, metastasis, and poor clinical outcome, and considered as target for therapeutic intervention. By using different genetic mouse models, the authors show that ablation of the tyrosine kinase PYK2, either in breast cancer cells, only in the tumor microenvironment, or in both, markedly reduces the number of infiltrating tumor macrophages and concomitantly inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. Strikingly, PYK2 ablation only in macrophages is sufficient to induce similar effects. These phenotypic changes are associated with reduced monocyte recruitment and a substantial decrease in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Mechanistically, the authors show that PYK2 mediates mutual communication between breast cancer cells and macrophages through critical effects on key receptor signaling. Specifically, PYK2 ablation inhibits Notch1 signaling and consequently reduces CCL2 secretion by breast cancer cells, and concurrently reduces the levels of CCR2, CXCR4, IL-4Rα, and Stat6 activation in macrophages. These bidirectional effects modulate monocyte recruitment, macrophage polarization, and tumor angiogenesis. The expression of PYK2 is correlated with infiltrated macrophages in breast cancer patients, and its effects on macrophage infiltration and pro-tumorigenic phenotype suggest that PYK2 targeting can be utilized as an effective strategy to modulate TAMs and possibly sensitize breast cancer to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike A. Köhler
- Molecular Cell Biology DepartmentWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel
| | | | - Yaron Vinik
- Molecular Cell Biology DepartmentWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel
| | - Harsha Mohan Raj
- Molecular Cell Biology DepartmentWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel
| | | | - Nir Ben‐Chetrit
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY10065USA
| | - Antonio Maraver
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierInserm U1194 – Université MontpellierMontpellier34090France
| | - Steffen Jung
- Immunology DepartmentWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel
| | - Sima Lev
- Molecular Cell Biology DepartmentWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel
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El-Fakharany YM, Mohamed EM, Etewa RL, Abdel Hamid OI. Selenium nanoparticles alleviate lead acetate-induced toxicological and morphological changes in rat testes through modulation of calmodulin-related genes expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23017. [PMID: 35194871 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common toxic heavy metals. It is a well-known testicular toxicant. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are a more effective form of elemental selenium that reduces drug-induced toxicities. This study aimed to study the possible ameliorating effect of SeNPs on the toxicological and morphological changes in testes of lead acetate intoxicated rats. The study was conducted on 40 adult male albino rats divided into four groups; control, SeNPs-treated, lead acetate-treated, lead acetate and SeNPS treated groups. The concurrent treatment of lead acetate-exposed rats with SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks significantly lowered the blood and testicular lead levels, increased serum testosterone, and decreased luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to approach control values. In addition, it improved the histopathological, and ultrastructural alterations of the testes and improved the immunohistochemical expression of the c-kit. This was accompanied by maintenance of the testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance and reversing the lead-induced disrupted calmodulin-related genes expression in testicular tissue in the form of downregulation of CAMMK2 and MAP2K6 and upregulation of CXCR4 genes. There was a strong positive correlation between testicular malondialdehyde and MAP2K6 expression level as well as a strong positive correlation between CXCR4 gene expression and the C-kit area %. In conclusion, SeNPs can be considered as a potential therapy for a lead-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara M El-Fakharany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M Mohamed
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha L Etewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaima I Abdel Hamid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Yang XJ, Ling SZ, Zhou ML, Deng HJ, Qi M, Liu XL, Zhen C, Chen YX, Fan XR, Wu ZY, Ma FC, Rong J, Di GF, Jiang XC. Inhibition of TRPA1 attenuates oxidative stress-induced damage after traumatic brain injury via the ERK/AKT signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2022; 494:51-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shukal DK, Malaviya PB, Sharma T. Role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211063165. [PMID: 35196887 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211063165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a precise role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is activated in response to the signalling cues that exhaust cellular ATP levels such as hypoxia, ischaemia, glucose depletion and heat shock. As a central regulator of both lipid and glucose metabolism, AMPK is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, including eye disorders. OBJECTIVE To review all the shreds of evidence concerning the role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. METHOD Scientific data search and review of available information evaluating the influence of AMPK signalling on ocular diseases. RESULTS Review highlights the significance of AMPK signalling in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, etc. The review also provides the information on the AMPK-associated pathways with reference to ocular disease, which includes mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and regulation of inflammatory response. CONCLUSION The study concludes the role of AMPK in ocular diseases. There is growing interest in the therapeutic utilization of the AMPK pathway for ocular disease treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of AMPK signalling might represent more pertinent strategy than AMPK activation for ocular disease treatment. Such information will guide the development of more effective AMPK modulators for ocular diseases.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval K Shukal
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja B Malaviya
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tusha Sharma
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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