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Murillo Ramos AM, Wilson JY. Is there potential for estradiol receptor signaling in lophotrochozoans? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 354:114519. [PMID: 38677339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are thought to be the ancestor of all steroid receptors and are present in most lophotrochozoans studied to date, including molluscs, annelids, and rotifers. A number of studies have investigated the functional role of estrogen receptors in invertebrate species, although most are in molluscs, where the receptor is constitutively active. In vitro experiments provided evidence for ligand-activated estrogen receptors in annelids, raising important questions about the role of estrogen signalling in lophotrochozoan lineages. Here, we review the concordant and discordant evidence of estradiol receptor signalling in lophotrochozoans, with a focus on annelids and rotifers. We explore the de novo synthesis of estrogens, the evolution and expression of estrogen receptors, and physiological responses to activation of estrogen receptors in the lophotrochozoan phyla Annelida and Rotifera. Key data are missing to determine if de novo biosynthesis of estradiol in non-molluscan lophotrochozoans is likely. For example, an ortholog for the CYP11 gene is present, but confirmation of substrate conversion and measured tissue products is lacking. Orthologs CYP17 and CYP19 are lacking, yet intermediates or products (e.g. estradiol) in tissues have been measured. Estrogen receptors are present in multiple species, and for a limited number, in vitro data show agonist binding of estradiol and/or transcriptional activation. The expression patterns of the lophotrochozoan ERs suggest developmental, reproductive, and digestive roles but are highly species dependent. E2 exposures suggest that lophotrochozoan ERs may play a role in reproduction, but no strong dose-response relationship has been established. Therefore, we expect most lophotrochozoan species, outside of perhaps platyhelminths, to have an ER but their physiological role remains elusive. Mining genomes for orthologs gene families responsible for steroidogenesis, coupled with in vitro and in vivo studies of the steroid pathway are needed to better assess whether lophotrochozoans are capable of estradiol biosynthesis. One major challenge is that much of the data are divided across a diversity of species. We propose that the polychaetes Capitella teleta or Platyneris dumerilii, and rotifer Brachionus manjavacas may be strong species choices for studies of estrogen receptor signalling, because of available genomic data, established laboratory culture techniques, and gene knockout potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Murillo Ramos
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - J Y Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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2
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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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3
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Kakiyama G, Minoiwa K, Bai-Kamara N, Hashiguchi T, Pandak WM, Rodriguez-Agudo D. StarD5 levels of expression correlate with onset and progression of steatosis and liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G747-G761. [PMID: 38591148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer protein 5 (StarD5) on liver cholesterol/lipid homeostasis is not clearly defined. The ablation of StarD5 was analyzed in mice on a normal or Western diet (WD) to determine its importance in hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Rescue experiments in StarD5-/- mice and hepatocytes were performed. In addition to increased hepatic triglyceride (TG)-cholesterol levels, global StarD5-/- mice fed a normal diet displayed reduced plasma triglycerides and liver very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion as compared with WT counterparts. Insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scoring were elevated, demonstrating developing insulin resistance (IR). WD-fed StarD5-/- mice upregulated WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ or WWTR1) expression with accelerated liver fibrosis when compared with WD-fed WT mice. Suppression of oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) coupled with chronic accumulation of toxic oxysterol levels correlated with presentation of fibrosis. "Hepatocyte-selective" StarD5 overexpression in StarD5-/- mice restored expression, reduced hepatic triglycerides, and improved HOMA-IR. Observations in two additional mouse and one human metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) model were supportive. The downregulation of StarD5 with hepatic lipid excess is a previously unappreciated physiological function appearing to promote lipid storage for future needs. Conversely, lingering downregulation of StarD5 with prolonged lipid-cholesterol excess accelerates fatty liver's transition to fibrosis; mediated via dysregulation in the oxysterol signaling pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have found that deletion of the cholesterol transport protein StarD5 in mice leads to an increase in insulin resistance and lipid accumulation due to the upregulation of lipid synthesis and decrease VLDL secretion from the liver. In addition, deletion of StarD5 increased fibrosis when mice were fed a Western diet. This represents a novel pathway of fibrosis development in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Kei Minoiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanah Bai-Kamara
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Taishi Hashiguchi
- Research and Development Bureau, SMC Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - William M Pandak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriguez-Agudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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4
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Korucu AN, Inandiklioglu N. Is STARD3 A New Biomarker for Breast Cancer? Eur J Breast Health 2024; 20:89-93. [PMID: 38571685 PMCID: PMC10985577 DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2024.2024-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer is still one of the three most common cancers in the world and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Lipids play a role in many basic physiological pathways in cells, from regulating cell homeostasis to energy expenditure. As in many types of cancer, changes in lipid metabolism and their relationship have been reported in breast cancer. The STARD3 gene encodes a member of the subfamily of lipid trafficking proteins. It is a sterol-binding protein that mediates the transport of cholesterol from the endoplasmic reticulum to endosomes. It has been shown that STARD3 is correlated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification since it has the same localization as HER2 in the chromosome. In this review, we aimed to emphasize that investigating lipid metabolism together with the STARD3 biomarker has great potential not only for subtype-specific strategies but also for patient-specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nihal Inandiklioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
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5
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Pabisz P, Bazak J, Sabat M, Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Cholesterol Hydroperoxide Co-trafficking in Testosterone-generating Leydig Cells: GPx4 Inhibition of Cytotoxic and Anti-steroidogenic Effects. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:213-222. [PMID: 37995086 PMCID: PMC10866752 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Trafficking of intracellular cholesterol (Ch) to and into mitochondria of steroidogenic cells is required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. This trafficking is typically mediated by one or more proteins of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) family. Our previous studies revealed that 7-OOH, a redox-active cholesterol hydroperoxide, could be co-trafficked with Ch to/into mitochondria of MA-10 Leydig cells, thereby inducing membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) which impaired progesterone biosynthesis. These negative effects of 7-OOH were inhibited by endogenous selenoperoxidase GPx4, indicating that this enzyme could protect against 7-OOH-induced oxidative damage/dysfunction. In the present study, we advanced our Leydig focus to cultured murine TM3 cells and then to primary cells from rat testis, both of which produce testosterone. Using a fluorescent probe, we found that extensive free radical-mediated LPO occurred in mitochondria of stimulated primary Leydig cells during treatment with liposomal Ch+7-OOH, resulting in a significant decline in testosterone output relative to that with Ch alone. Strong enhancement of LPO and testosterone shortfall by RSL3 (a GPx4 inhibitor) and reversal thereof by Ebselen (a GPx4 mimetic), suggested that endogenous GPx4 was playing a key antioxidant role. 7-OOH in increasing doses was also cytotoxic to these cells, RSL3 exacerbating this in Ebselen-reversable fashion. Moreover, GPx4 knockdown increased cell sensitivity to LPO with reduced testosterone output. These findings, particularly with primary Leydigs (which best represent cells in intact testis) suggest that GPx4 plays a key protective role against peroxidative damage/dysfunction induced by 7-OOH co-trafficking with Ch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Pabisz
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bazak
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Sabat
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Mahtha SK, Kumari K, Gaur V, Yadav G. Cavity architecture based modulation of ligand binding tunnels in plant START domains. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3946-3963. [PMID: 37635766 PMCID: PMC10448341 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) domain represents an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of lipid transfer proteins widely distributed across the tree of life. Despite significant expansion in plants, knowledge about this domain remains inadequate in plants. In this work, we explore the role of cavity architectural modulations in START protein evolution and functional diversity. We use deep-learning approaches to generate plant START domain models, followed by surface accessibility studies and a comprehensive structural investigation of the rice START family. We validate 28 rice START domain models, delineate binding cavities, measure pocket volumes, and compare these with mammalian counterparts to understand evolution of binding preferences. Overall, plant START domains retain the ancestral α/β helix-grip signature, but we find subtle variation in cavity architectures, resulting in significantly smaller ligand-binding tunnels in the plant kingdom. We identify cavity lining residues (CLRs) responsible for reduction in ancestral tunnel space, and these appear to be class specific, and unique to plants, providing a mechanism for the observed shift in domain function. For instance, mammalian cavity lining residues A135, G181 and A192 have evolved to larger CLRs across the plant kingdom, contributing to smaller sizes, minimal STARTs being the largest, while members of type-IV HD-Zip family show almost complete obliteration of lipid binding cavities, consistent with their present-day DNA binding functions. In summary, this work quantifies plant START structural & functional divergence, bridging current knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vineet Gaur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gitanjali Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
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7
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Pires CV, Oberstaller J, Wang C, Casandra D, Zhang M, Chawla J, Adapa SR, Otto TD, Ferdig MT, Rayner JC, Jiang RHY, Adams JH. Chemogenomic Profiling of a Plasmodium falciparum Transposon Mutant Library Reveals Shared Effects of Dihydroartemisinin and Bortezomib on Lipid Metabolism and Exported Proteins. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0501422. [PMID: 37067430 PMCID: PMC10269874 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05014-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimalarial activity of the frontline drug artemisinin involves generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative damage of parasite proteins. To achieve homeostasis and maintain protein quality control in the overwhelmed parasite, the ubiquitin-proteasome system kicks in. Even though molecular markers for artemisinin resistance like pfkelch13 have been identified, the intricate network of mechanisms driving resistance remains to be elucidated. Here, we report a forward genetic screening strategy that enables a broader identification of genetic factors responsible for altering sensitivity to dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (BTZ). Using a library of isogenic piggyBac mutants in P. falciparum, we defined phenotype-genotype associations influencing drug responses and highlighted shared mechanisms between the two processes, which mainly included proteasome-mediated degradation and the lipid metabolism genes. Additional transcriptomic analysis of a DHA/BTZ-sensitive piggyBac mutant showed it is possible to find differences between the two response mechanisms on the specific components for regulation of the exportome. Our results provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms of antimalarial drug resistance. IMPORTANCE Malaria control is seriously threatened by the emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to the leading antimalarial, artemisinin. The potent killing activity of artemisinin results from oxidative damage unleashed by free heme activation released by hemoglobin digestion. Although the ubiquitin-proteasome system is considered critical for parasite survival of this toxicity, the diverse genetic changes linked to artemisinin resistance are complex and, so far, have not included the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this study, we use a systematic forward genetic approach by screening a library of P. falciparum random piggyBac mutants to decipher the genetic factors driving malaria parasite responses to the oxidative stress caused by antimalarial drugs. This study compares phenotype-genotype associations influencing dihydroartemisinin responses with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib to delineate the role of ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our study highlights shared and unique pathways from the complex array of molecular processes critical for P. falciparum survival resulting from the oxidative damage of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Valente Pires
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jenna Oberstaller
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chengqi Wang
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Debora Casandra
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jyotsna Chawla
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Swamy Rakesh Adapa
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas D. Otto
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T. Ferdig
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Julian C. Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rays H. Y. Jiang
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John H. Adams
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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8
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Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Trafficking of oxidative stress-generated lipid hydroperoxides: pathophysiological implications. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:130-139. [PMID: 37171212 PMCID: PMC10405667 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2213817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) are reactive intermediates that arise during peroxidation of unsaturated phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol in biological membranes and lipoproteins. Non-physiological lipid peroxidation (LPO) typically occurs under oxidative stress conditions associated with pathologies such as atherogenesis, neurodegeneration, and carcinogenesis. As key intermediates in the LPO process, LOOHs are susceptible to one-electron versus two-electron reductive turnover, the former exacerbating membrane or lipoprotein damage/dysfunction and the latter diminishing it. A third possible LOOH fate is translocation to an acceptor membrane/lipoprotein, where one- or two-electron reduction may then ensue. In the case of cholesterol (Ch)-derived hydroperoxides (ChOOHs), translocation can be specifically stimulated by StAR family trafficking proteins, which are normally involved in Ch homeostasis and Ch-mediated steroidogenesis. In this review, we discuss how these processes can be impaired by StAR-mediated ChOOH and Ch co-trafficking to mitochondria of vascular macrophages and steroidogenic cells, respectively. The protective effects of endogenous selenoperoxidase, GPx4, are also discussed. This is the first known example of detrimental ChOOH transfer via a natural Ch trafficking pathway and inhibition thereof by GPx4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W. Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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9
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Cholesterol Redistribution in Pancreatic β-Cells: A Flexible Path to Regulate Insulin Secretion. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020224. [PMID: 36830593 PMCID: PMC9953638 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells, by secreting insulin, play a key role in the control of glucose homeostasis, and their dysfunction is the basis of diabetes development. The metabolic milieu created by high blood glucose and lipids is known to play a role in this process. In the last decades, cholesterol has attracted significant attention, not only because it critically controls β-cell function but also because it is the target of lipid-lowering therapies proposed for preventing the cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Despite the remarkable progress, understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cholesterol-mediated β-cell function remains an open and attractive area of investigation. Studies indicate that β-cells not only regulate the total cholesterol level but also its redistribution within organelles, a process mediated by vesicular and non-vesicular transport. The aim of this review is to summarize the most current view of how cholesterol homeostasis is maintained in pancreatic β-cells and to provide new insights on the mechanisms by which cholesterol is dynamically distributed among organelles to preserve their functionality. While cholesterol may affect virtually any activity of the β-cell, the intent of this review is to focus on early steps of insulin synthesis and secretion, an area still largely unexplored.
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He S, Ren T, Lin W, Yang X, Hao T, Zhao G, Luo W, Nie Q, Zhang X. Identification of candidate genes associated with skin yellowness in yellow chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102469. [PMID: 36709583 PMCID: PMC9922980 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The yellow color of the skin is an important economic trait for yellow chickens. Low and non-uniform skin yellowness would reduce economic efficiency. However, the regulatory mechanism of chicken skin yellowness has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the skin yellowness of 819 chickens by colorimeter and digital camera, which are from the same batch and the same age of 2 pure lines with significant differences in skin yellowness. A total of 982 candidate differential expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in duodenal tissue by RNA-seq analysis for high and low yellowness chickens. Among the DEGs, we chose fatty acid translocase (CD36) gene and identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) upstream of the CD36 gene that was significantly associated with skin yellowness at multiple parts of the chicken, and its different genotypes had significant effects on the promoter activity of the CD36 gene. These findings will help to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of chicken skin yellowness and is helpful for improving chicken skin yellowness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizi He
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Tuanhui Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Wujian Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Hao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoxi Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Rosenhouse-Dantsker A, Gazgalis D, Logothetis DE. PI(4,5)P 2 and Cholesterol: Synthesis, Regulation, and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:3-59. [PMID: 36988876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is the most abundant membrane phosphoinositide and cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane (PM). Both lipids play key roles in a variety of cellular functions including as signaling molecules and major regulators of protein function. This chapter provides an overview of these two important lipids. Starting from a brief description of their structure, synthesis, and regulation, the chapter continues to describe the primary functions and signaling processes in which PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol are involved. While PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act independently, they often act in concert or affect each other's impact. The chapters in this volume on "Cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in Vital Biological Functions: From Coexistence to Crosstalk" focus on the emerging relationship between cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in a variety of biological systems and processes. In this chapter, the next section provides examples from the ion channel field demonstrating that PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act via common mechanisms. The chapter ends with a discussion of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Gazgalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Yue X, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Sun M, Liu S, Wu Z, Gao L, Liang X, Ma C. SREBF2-STARD4 axis confers sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating mitochondrial cholesterol homeostasis. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:477-489. [PMID: 35642354 PMCID: PMC9899602 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance limits its survival benefit for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cholesterol metabolism is dysregulated in HCC, and its role in sorafenib resistance of HCC has not been fully elucidated. Aiming to elucidate this, in vitro and in vivo sorafenib resistant models were established. Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2), the key regulator of cholesterol metabolism, was activated in sorafenib resistant HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Knockdown of SREBF2 resensitized sorafenib resistant cells and xenografts tumors to sorafenib. Further study showed that SREBF2 positively correlated with StAR related lipid transfer domain containing 4 (STARD4) in our sorafenib resistant models and publicly available datasets. STARD4, mediating cholesterol trafficking, not only promoted proliferation and migration of HepG2 and Huh7 cells, but also increased sorafenib resistance in liver cancer. Mechanically, SREBF2 promoted expression of STARD4 by directly binding to its promoter region, leading to increased mitochondrial cholesterol levels and inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Importantly, knockdown of SREBF2 or STARD4 decreased mitochondrial cholesterol levels and increased mitochondrial cytochrome c release, respectively. Moreover, overexpression of STARD4 reversed the effect of SREBF2 knockdown on mitochondrial cytochrome c release and sorafenib resistance. In conclusion, SREBF2 promotes STARD4 transcription, which in turn contributes to mitochondrial cholesterol transport and sorafenib resistance in HCC. Therefore, targeting the SREBF2-STARD4 axis would be beneficial to a subset of HCC patients with sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetian Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Youzi Kong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shuyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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13
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Mukherjee T, Subedi B, Khosla A, Begler EM, Stephens PM, Warner AL, Lerma-Reyes R, Thompson KA, Gunewardena S, Schrick K. The START domain mediates Arabidopsis GLABRA2 dimerization and turnover independently of homeodomain DNA binding. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2315-2334. [PMID: 35984304 PMCID: PMC9706451 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Class IV homeodomain leucine-zipper transcription factors (HD-Zip IV TFs) are key regulators of epidermal differentiation that are characterized by a DNA-binding HD in conjunction with a lipid-binding domain termed steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer (START). Previous work established that the START domain of GLABRA2 (GL2), a HD-Zip IV member from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is required for TF activity. Here, we addressed the functions and possible interactions of START and the HD in DNA binding, dimerization, and protein turnover. Deletion analysis of the HD and missense mutations of a conserved lysine (K146) resulted in phenotypic defects in leaf trichomes, root hairs, and seed mucilage, similar to those observed for START domain mutants, despite nuclear localization of the respective proteins. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that while HD mutations impair binding to target DNA, the START domain is dispensable for DNA binding. Vice versa, protein interaction assays revealed impaired GL2 dimerization for multiple alleles of START mutants, but not HD mutants. Using in vivo cycloheximide chase experiments, we provided evidence for the role of START, but not HD, in maintaining protein stability. This work advances our mechanistic understanding of HD-Zip TFs as multidomain regulators of epidermal development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiya Mukherjee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Olivette, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Bibek Subedi
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Aashima Khosla
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Erika M Begler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Preston M Stephens
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Adara L Warner
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Ruben Lerma-Reyes
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Kyle A Thompson
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Kathrin Schrick
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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14
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Li P, Zhang Z, lv H, Sun P. Inhibiting the expression of STARD3 induced apoptosis via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway on ER+ Breast Cancer. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Lu S, He H, Wang P, Gou H, Cao X, Ma Z, Chen B, Mao J. Evolutionary relationship analysis of STARD gene family and VvSTARD5 improves tolerance of salt stress in transgenic tomatoes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13772. [PMID: 36054928 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer domain (STARD) forms a protein that can bind membrane-derived phospholipid second messengers and plasma membranes. Although it has been reported in many plants, the evolutionary relationship of the STARD gene family has not been systematically analyzed, and functions of the HD-START and HD-START-MEKHLA domain subgroup genes under hormone and abiotic stress are also unclear in grapes. This study identified and analyzed 23 VvSTARD genes, which were distinctly divided into five subgroups according to five conserved domain types. The analyses of codon preference, selective pressure, and synteny relationship revealed that grape had higher homology with Arabidopsis compared with rice. Interestingly, the expression levels of VvSTARD genes in subgroups 1, 2, and 3 exhibited significant upregulation under NaCl treatment at 24 h, but VvSTARD genes in subgroups 4 and 5 were upregulated under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment at 24 h. The subcellular localization showed that VvSTARD5 was localized in the nucleus. Additionally, under NaCl treatment at 24 h, there were an obvious decrease in the relative electrical leakages and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), while the relative expression level of VvSTARD5 and content of proline were obviously enhanced in three transgenic lines. Therefore, the overexpression of VvSTARD5 greatly increased the salt tolerance of transgenic tomatoes. Collectively, this study preliminarily explores the comprehensive function of the STARD gene family in grapes and verifies the function of VvSTARD5 in response to salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong He
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Gou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Cao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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16
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Xue Y, Zhang H, Tan K, Ma H, Li S, Zheng H. Identification of a key gene StAR-like-3 responsible for carotenoids accumulation in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis. FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100072. [PMID: 35415702 PMCID: PMC8991518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Significantly higher expression level of StAR-like-3 in intestine and hemocytes in golden scallops than that of brown ones. StAR-like-3 protein only existed in intestinal epithelial cells in golden scallops. Recombinant StAR-like-3 protein can bind lutein. The expression level of StAR-like-3 is significantly positive with the total carotenoids content in hemolymph. StAR-like-3 is a key gene responsible for carotenoids accumulation in golden scallops.
Carotenoids play important roles in living organisms. However, animals cannot synthesize carotenoids by themselves, and they must absorb and accumulate carotenoids from their diets in which some key genes are involved. In present study, a gene named StAR-like-3 was characterized in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, and its function was identified using golden scallops with higher carotenoids content and brown scallops with less carotenoids content by immunohistochemistry, carotenoid binding assay and RNAi. Results showed that the StAR-like-3 encodes a 54.7 kDa transmembrane protein (named as StAR3) of 481 amino acids containing a MENTAL domain and a START (Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer) domain, and its expression level in hemocytes and intestine of golden scallops were significantly higher than those of brown ones. Subsequently, the StAR3 protein was detected in the intestinal epithelial cells of golden scallops, and recombinant StAR3 could bind lutein conjugated to protein G and antibody to form a yellow complex, suggesting it is a carotenoid binding protein involving in carotenoids accumulation in golden scallops. Furthermore, total carotenoids content of hemolymph in golden scallops was significantly decreased when the expression of StAR-like-3 suppressed, suggesting this gene plays an important role in transport of carotenoids. Conclusion, the present results indicated that the StAR-like-3 is a key gene responsible for the carotenoids accumulation in the scallop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Engineering Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Engineering Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Engineering Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Engineering Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Engineering Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Engineering Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Corresponding author at: Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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17
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Phosphatidylinositol phosphates modulate interactions between the StarD4 sterol trafficking protein and lipid membranes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102058. [PMID: 35605664 PMCID: PMC9207681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence for extensive nonvesicular sterol transport in cells. For example, lipid transfer by the steroidogenic acute regulator-related proteins (StarD) containing a StarT domain has been shown to involve several pathways of nonvesicular trafficking. Among the soluble StarT domain–containing proteins, StarD4 is expressed in most tissues and has been shown to be an effective sterol transfer protein. However, it was unclear whether the lipid composition of donor or acceptor membranes played a role in modulating StarD4-mediated transport. Here, we used fluorescence-based assays to demonstrate a phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP)-selective mechanism by which StarD4 can preferentially extract sterol from liposome membranes containing certain PIPs (especially, PI(4,5)P2 and to a lesser degree PI(3,5)P2). Monophosphorylated PIPs and other anionic lipids had a smaller effect on sterol transport. This enhancement of transport was less effective when the same PIPs were present in the acceptor membranes. Furthermore, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we mapped the key interaction sites of StarD4 with PIP-containing membranes and identified residues that are important for this interaction and for accelerated sterol transport activity. We show that StarD4 recognizes membrane-specific PIPs through specific interaction with the geometry of the PIP headgroup as well as the surrounding membrane environment. Finally, we also observed that StarD4 can deform membranes upon longer incubations. Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism by which PIPs modulate cholesterol transfer activity via StarD4.
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18
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Loffreda A, Schlame M, Bütikofer P. StaR-related lipid transfer-like domain-containing protein CLDP43 affects cardiolipin synthesis and mitochondrial function in Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259752. [PMID: 35452450 PMCID: PMC9032421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin is known to interact with bacterial and mitochondrial proteins and protein complexes. Unlike in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the synthesis of cardiolipin is essential for growth of Trypanosoma brucei parasites in culture. Inhibition of cardiolipin production has been shown to result in major changes in the T. brucei proteome and energy metabolism, with CLDP43, a mitochondrial protein containing a StaR-related lipid transfer (START)-like domain, being depleted in a cardiolipin-dependent way. We now show that in T. brucei procyclic forms lacking CLDP43, cardiolipin metabolism and mitochondrial function are affected. Using quantitative and qualitative lipid analyses, we found that while steady-state levels of cardiolipin were elevated in CLDP43 knock-out parasites compared to parental cells, de novo formation of cardiolipin was down-regulated. In addition, depletion of CLDP43 resulted in partial loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP production via substrate level phosphorylation. Recombinant CLDP43 was found to bind cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid in lipid overlay experiments, suggesting that it may be involved in transport or synthesis of cardiolipin or its precursors in T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Loffreda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biochemical Studies, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Lipid Dyshomeostasis and Inherited Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3800-3828. [PMID: 35420383 PMCID: PMC9148275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that originates from dysfunction of the cerebellum, but may involve additional neurological tissues. Its clinical symptoms are mainly characterized by the absence of voluntary muscle coordination and loss of control of movement with varying manifestations due to differences in severity, in the site of cerebellar damage and in the involvement of extracerebellar tissues. Cerebellar ataxia may be sporadic, acquired, and hereditary. Hereditary ataxia accounts for the majority of cases. Hereditary ataxia has been tentatively divided into several subtypes by scientists in the field, and nearly all of them remain incurable. This is mainly because the detailed mechanisms of these cerebellar disorders are incompletely understood. To precisely diagnose and treat these diseases, studies on their molecular mechanisms have been conducted extensively in the past. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that some common pathogenic mechanisms exist within each subtype of inherited ataxia. However, no reports have indicated whether there is a common mechanism among the different subtypes of inherited cerebellar ataxia. In this review, we summarize the available references and databases on neurological disorders characterized by cerebellar ataxia and show that a subset of genes involved in lipid homeostasis form a new group that may cause ataxic disorders through a common mechanism. This common signaling pathway can provide a valuable reference for future diagnosis and treatment of ataxic disorders.
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20
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Chen Z, Tang Y, Jiang W, Zhou X. Stard 3 (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory-Related Lipid Transfer Domain-Containing Protein 3) Play Important Role in Preadipocyte Differentiation. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate Stard 3’s effects and relative mechanisms in preadipocyto differentiation by vitro study. Materials and Methods: The 3T3-L1 cell were divided into 5 groups as NC, si-Stard 3, ROS agonist, ROS inhibitor and si-Stard 3+ROS agonist groups. The cell
of different groups were evaluated by Oil red O staining and Triglyceride. Evaluating ROS production by DHE and NBT assay. Using RT-qPCR and WB methods to evaluate gene and protein expressions. Results: Compared with NC group, Triglyceride, DHE fluorescence intensity and NBT positive
rate were significantly down-regulation in si-Stard 3 and ROS inhibitor groups (P < 0.001, respectively), and were significantly up-regulation in ROS agonist group (P < 0.001, respectively); However, with si-Stard 3 transfection and ROS agonist treatment, compared with
si-Stard 3 group, Triglyceride, DHE fluorescence intensity and NBT positive rate were significantly increased in si-Stard 3+ROS agonist group (P < 0.001, respectively). With RT-qPCR and WB assay, Compared with NC group, Stard 3 gene and protein expressions of si-Stard 3 and si-Stard
3+ROS agonist group were significantly depressed (P < 0.001, respectively), AMPK, PPARγ, CEBPα and FABP4 gene expressions were significantly differences in si-Stard 3, ROS agonist and ROS inhibitor groups (P < 0.001, respectively) and p-AMPK, PPARγ,
CEBPα and FABP4 protein expressions were significantly differences in si-Stard 3, ROS agonist and ROS inhibitor groups (P < 0.001, respectively), with si-Stard 3 transfection and ROS agonist the relative gene and protein expressions were significantly resumed compared
with si-Stard 3 group (P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Stard 3 knockdown had effects to suppress 3T3-L1 cells transformation into adipocytes in vitro study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonge Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Gui Yang, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou Province, 550000, China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Gui Yang, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou Province, 550000, China
| | - Wenyong Jiang
- The First People’s Hospital of Gui Yang, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou Province, 550000, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Gui Yang, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou Province, 550000, China
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Pabisz P, Bazak J, Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Anti-steroidogenic effects of cholesterol hydroperoxide trafficking in MA-10 Leydig cells: Role of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and inhibition thereof by selenoperoxidase GPx4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 591:82-87. [PMID: 34999258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormone synthesis in steroidogenic cells requires cholesterol (Ch) delivery to/into mitochondria via StAR family trafficking proteins. In previous work, we discovered that 7-OOH, an oxidative stress-induced cholesterol hydroperoxide, can be co-trafficked with Ch, thereby causing mitochondrial redox damage/dysfunction. We now report that exposing MA-10 Leydig cells to Ch/7-OOH-containing liposomes (SUVs) results in (i) a progressive increase in fluorescence probe-detected lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membranes, (ii) a reciprocal decrease in immunoassay-detected progesterone generation, and ultimately (iii) loss of cell viability with increasing 7-OOH concentration. No significant effects were observed with a phospholipid hydroperoxide over the same concentration range. Glutathione peroxidase GPx4, which can catalyze lipid hydroperoxide detoxification, was detected in mitochondria of MA-10 cells. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and progesterone shortfall were exacerbated when MA-10 cells were treated with Ch/7-OOH in the presence of RSL3, a GPx4 inhibitor. However, Ebselen, a selenoperoxidase mimetic, substantially reduced RSL3's negative effects, thereby partially rescuing the cells from peroxidative damage. These findings demonstrate that co-trafficking of oxidative stress-induced 7-OOH can disable steroidogenesis, and that GPx4 can significantly protect against this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Pabisz
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bazak
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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22
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Funk ER, Mason NA, Pálsson S, Albrecht T, Johnson JA, Taylor SA. A supergene underlies linked variation in color and morphology in a Holarctic songbird. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6833. [PMID: 34824228 PMCID: PMC8616904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of a phenotype can have considerable effects on the evolution of a trait or species. Characterizing genetic architecture provides insight into the complexity of a given phenotype and, potentially, the role of the phenotype in evolutionary processes like speciation. We use genome sequences to investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in redpoll finches (Acanthis spp.). We demonstrate that variation in redpoll phenotype is broadly controlled by a ~55-Mb chromosomal inversion. Within this inversion, we find multiple candidate genes related to melanogenesis, carotenoid coloration, and bill shape, suggesting the inversion acts as a supergene controlling multiple linked traits. A latitudinal gradient in ecotype distribution suggests supergene driven variation in color and bill morphology are likely under environmental selection, maintaining supergene haplotypes as a balanced polymorphism. Our results provide a mechanism for the maintenance of ecotype variation in redpolls despite a genome largely homogenized by gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Funk
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Mason
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Snæbjörn Pálsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomáš Albrecht
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ-12844, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kvetna 8, CZ-60365, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Scott A Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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23
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Sanchez-Solana B, Wang D, Qian X, Velayoudame P, Simanshu DK, Acharya JK, Lowy DR. The tumor suppressor activity of DLC1 requires the interaction of its START domain with Phosphatidylserine, PLCD1, and Caveolin-1. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:141. [PMID: 34727930 PMCID: PMC8561924 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DLC1, a tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated in many cancer types by genetic and nongenetic mechanisms, encodes a protein whose RhoGAP and scaffolding activities contribute to its tumor suppressor functions. The role of the DLC1 START (StAR-related lipid transfer; DLC1-START) domain, other than its binding to Caveolin-1, is poorly understood. In other START domains, a key function is that they bind lipids, but the putative lipid ligand for DLC1-START is unknown. METHODS Lipid overlay assays and Phosphatidylserine (PS)-pull down assays confirmed the binding of DLC1-START to PS. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated the interaction between DLC1-START and Phospholipase C delta 1 (PLCD1) or Caveolin-1, and the contribution of PS to those interactions. Rho-GTP, cell proliferation, cell migration, and/or anchorage-independent growth assays were used to investigate the contribution of PS and PLCD1, or the implications of TCGA cancer-associated DLC1-START mutants, to DLC1 functions. Co-immunoprecipitations and PS-pull down assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the impaired functions of DLC1-START mutants. A structural model of DLC1-START was also built to better understand the structural implications of the cancer-associated mutations in DLC1-START. RESULTS We identified PS as the lipid ligand for DLC1-START and determined that DLC1-START also binds PLCD1 protein in addition to Caveolin-1. PS binding contributes to the interaction of DLC1 with Caveolin-1 and with PLCD1. The importance of these activities for tumorigenesis is supported by our analysis of 7 cancer-associated DLC1-START mutants, each of which has reduced tumor suppressor function but retains wildtype RhoGAP activity. Our structural model of DLC1-START indicates the mutants perturb different elements within the structure, which is correlated with our experimental findings that the mutants are heterogenous with regard to the deficiency of their binding properties. Some have reduced PS binding, others reduced PLCD1 and Caveolin-1 binding, and others are deficient for all of these properties. CONCLUSION These observations highlight the importance of DLC1-START for the tumor suppressor function of DLC1 that is RhoGAP-independent. They also expand the versatility of START domains, as DLC1-START is the first found to bind PS, which promotes the binding to other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sanchez-Solana
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Parthibane Velayoudame
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Dhirendra K Simanshu
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Jairaj K Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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24
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Eltaher S, Mourad AMI, Baenziger PS, Wegulo S, Belamkar V, Sallam A. Identification and Validation of High LD Hotspot Genomic Regions Harboring Stem Rust Resistant Genes on 1B, 2A ( Sr38), and 7B Chromosomes in Wheat. Front Genet 2021; 12:749675. [PMID: 34659366 PMCID: PMC8517078 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.749675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. is an important disease of common wheat globally. The production and cultivation of genetically resistant cultivars are one of the most successful and environmentally friendly ways to protect wheat against fungal pathogens. Seedling screening and genome-wide association study (GWAS) were used to determine the genetic diversity of wheat genotypes obtained on stem rust resistance loci. At the seedling stage, the reaction of the common stem rust race QFCSC in Nebraska was measured in a set of 212 genotypes from F3:6 lines. The results indicated that 184 genotypes (86.8%) had different degrees of resistance to this common race. While 28 genotypes (13.2%) were susceptible to stem rust. A set of 11,911 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers was used to perform GWAS which detected 84 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) with SNPs located on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 7B and an unknown chromosome. Promising high linkage disequilibrium (LD) genomic regions were found in all chromosomes except 2B which suggested they include candidate genes controlling stem rust resistance. Highly significant LD was found among these 59 significant SNPs on chromosome 2A and 12 significant SNPs with an unknown chromosomal position. The LD analysis between SNPs located on 2A and Sr38 gene reveal high significant LD genomic regions which was previously reported. To select the most promising stem rust resistant genotypes, a new approach was suggested based on four criteria including, phenotypic selection, number of resistant allele(s), the genetic distance among the selected parents, and number of the different resistant allele(s) in the candidate crosses. As a result, 23 genotypes were considered as the most suitable parents for crossing to produce highly resistant stem rust genotypes against the QFCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseldeen Eltaher
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat, Egypt
| | - Amira M I Mourad
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - P Stephen Baenziger
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Stephen Wegulo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Vikas Belamkar
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Ahmed Sallam
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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25
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Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Intermembrane Translocation of Photodynamically Generated Lipid Hydroperoxides: Broadcasting of Redox Damage †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:591-597. [PMID: 34633674 PMCID: PMC8995396 DOI: 10.1111/php.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), including cholesterol- and phospholipid-derived species, are reactive intermediates that arise during photosensitized peroxidation of unsaturated lipids in biological membranes. These intermediates may appear in cancer cell membranes during anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photodynamically generated LOOHs have several different fates, including (a) iron-catalyzed one-electron reduction to free radical species which trigger damaging chain peroxidation reactions, (b) selenoperoxidase-catalyzed two-electron reduction to redox-inert alcohols (LOHs), and (c) spontaneous or protein-mediated translocation to other lipid membrane compartments where (a) or (b) may take place. These different LOOH fates will be described in this review, but with special attention to category (c), which the authors were the first to describe and characterize. Seminal early findings on cholesterol hydroperoxide (ChOOH) translocation and its potential negative consequences will be discussed. In reviewing this work, we wish to congratulate Jean Cadet, for his many outstanding accomplishments as a photobiologist and P&P editor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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26
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Asif K, Memeo L, Palazzolo S, Frión-Herrera Y, Parisi S, Caligiuri I, Canzonieri V, Granchi C, Tuccinardi T, Rizzolio F. STARD3: A Prospective Target for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4693. [PMID: 34572920 PMCID: PMC8472075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in developed countries and current therapies are based on surgery, chemotherapeutic agents, and radiation. To overcome side effects induced by chemo- and radiotherapy, in recent decades, targeted therapies have been proposed in second and even first lines. Targeted drugs act on the essential pathways involved in tumor induction, progression, and metastasis, basically all the hallmark of cancers. Among emerging pathways, the cholesterol metabolic pathway is a strong candidate for this purpose. Cancer cells have an accelerated metabolic rate and require a continuous supply of cholesterol for cell division and membrane renewal. Steroidogenic acute regulatory related lipid transfer (START) proteins are a family of proteins involved in the transfer of lipids and some of them are important in non-vesicular cholesterol transportation within the cell. The alteration of their expression levels is implicated in several diseases, including cancers. In this review, we report the latest discoveries on StAR-related lipid transfer protein domain 3 (STARD3), a member of the START family, which has a potential role in cancer, focusing on the structural and biochemical characteristics and mechanisms that regulate its activity. The role of the STARD3 protein as a molecular target for the development of cancer therapies is also discussed. As STARD3 is a key protein in the cholesterol movement in cancer cells, it is of interest to identify inhibitors able to block its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Asif
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, PhD School in Science and Technology of Bio and Nanomaterials, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy;
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Yahima Frión-Herrera
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy; or
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy; or
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27
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Mahtha SK, Purama RK, Yadav G. StAR-Related Lipid Transfer (START) Domains Across the Rice Pangenome Reveal How Ontogeny Recapitulated Selection Pressures During Rice Domestication. Front Genet 2021; 12:737194. [PMID: 34567086 PMCID: PMC8455945 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.737194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing proteins or START proteins, encoded by a plant amplified family of evolutionary conserved genes, play important roles in lipid binding, transport, signaling, and modulation of transcriptional activity in the plant kingdom, but there is limited information on their evolution, duplication, and associated sub- or neo-functionalization. Here we perform a comprehensive investigation of this family across the rice pangenome, using 10 wild and cultivated varieties. Conservation of START domains across all 10 rice genomes suggests low dispensability and critical functional roles for this family, further supported by chromosomal mapping, duplication and domain structure patterns. Analysis of synteny highlights a preponderance of segmental and dispersed duplication among STARTs, while transcriptomic investigation of the main cultivated variety Oryza sativa var. japonica reveals sub-functionalization amongst genes family members in terms of preferential expression across various developmental stages and anatomical parts, such as flowering. Ka/Ks ratios confirmed strong negative/purifying selection on START family evolution, implying that ontogeny recapitulated selection pressures during rice domestication. Our findings provide evidence for high conservation of START genes across rice varieties in numbers, as well as in their stringent regulation of Ka/Ks ratio, and showed strong functional dependency of plants on START proteins for their growth and reproductive development. We believe that our findings advance the limited knowledge about plant START domain diversity and evolution, and pave the way for more detailed assessment of individual structural classes of START proteins among plants and their domain specific substrate preferences, to complement existing studies in animals and yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeet Kumar Mahtha
- Computational Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kiran Purama
- Computational Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gitanjali Yadav
- Computational Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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28
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Hiser C, Montgomery BL, Ferguson-Miller S. TSPO protein binding partners in bacteria, animals, and plants. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:463-487. [PMID: 34191248 PMCID: PMC8243069 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ancient membrane protein TSPO is phylogenetically widespread from archaea and bacteria to insects, vertebrates, plants, and fungi. TSPO’s primary amino acid sequence is only modestly conserved between diverse species, although its five transmembrane helical structure appears mainly conserved. Its cellular location and orientation in membranes have been reported to vary between species and tissues, with implications for potential diverse binding partners and function. Most TSPO functions relate to stress-induced changes in metabolism, but in many cases it is unclear how TSPO itself functions—whether as a receptor, a sensor, a transporter, or a translocator. Much evidence suggests that TSPO acts indirectly by association with various protein binding partners or with endogenous or exogenous ligands. In this review, we focus on proteins that have most commonly been invoked as TSPO binding partners. We suggest that TSPO was originally a bacterial receptor/stress sensor associated with porphyrin binding as its most ancestral function and that it later developed additional stress-related roles in eukaryotes as its ability to bind new partners evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Hiser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Beronda L Montgomery
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shelagh Ferguson-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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29
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Avula K, Singh B, Kumar PV, Syed GH. Role of Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs) in the Viral Life Cycle. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673509. [PMID: 34248884 PMCID: PMC8260984 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on the host cell machinery for their replication and dissemination. Cellular lipids play a central role in multiple stages of the viral life cycle such as entry, replication, morphogenesis, and egress. Most viruses reorganize the host cell membranes for the establishment of viral replication complex. These specialized structures allow the segregation of replicating viral RNA from ribosomes and protect it from host nucleases. They also facilitate localized enrichment of cellular components required for viral replication and assembly. The specific composition of the lipid membrane governs its ability to form negative or positive curvature and possess a rigid or flexible form, which is crucial for membrane rearrangement and establishment of viral replication complexes. In this review, we highlight how different viruses manipulate host lipid transfer proteins and harness their functions to enrich different membrane compartments with specific lipids in order to facilitate multiple aspects of the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Avula
- Virus-Host Interaction Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Bharati Singh
- Virus-Host Interaction Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India.,School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - Preethy V Kumar
- Virus-Host Interaction Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India.,School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - Gulam H Syed
- Virus-Host Interaction Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India
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30
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Zheng Koh DH, Saheki Y. Regulation of Plasma Membrane Sterol Homeostasis by Nonvesicular Lipid Transport. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:25152564211042451. [PMID: 37366378 PMCID: PMC10259818 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211042451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Sterol contributes to the structural integrity of cellular membranes and plays an important role in the regulation of cell signaling in eukaryotes. It is either produced in the endoplasmic reticulum or taken up from the extracellular environment. In most eukaryotic cells, however, the majority of sterol is enriched in the plasma membrane. Thus, the transport of sterol between the plasma membrane and other organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, is crucial for maintaining sterol homeostasis. While vesicular transport that relies on membrane budding and fusion reactions plays an important role in bulk sterol transport, this mode of transport is slow and non-selective. Growing evidence suggests a critical role of nonvesicular transport mediated by evolutionarily conserved families of lipid transfer proteins in more rapid and selective delivery of sterol. Some lipid transfer proteins act primarily at the sites of contacts formed between the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles or the plasma membrane without membrane fusion. In this review, we describe the similarities and differences of sterol biosynthesis and uptake in mammals and yeast and discuss the role of their lipid transfer proteins in maintaining plasma membrane sterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Hong Zheng Koh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Resource Development and
Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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31
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Widjaja-Adhi MAK, Golczak M. The molecular aspects of absorption and metabolism of carotenoids and retinoids in vertebrates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158571. [PMID: 31770587 PMCID: PMC7244374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient necessary for numerous basic physiological functions, including reproduction and development, immune cell differentiation and communication, as well as the perception of light. To evade the dire consequences of vitamin A deficiency, vertebrates have evolved specialized metabolic pathways that enable the absorption, transport, and storage of vitamin A acquired from dietary sources as preformed retinoids or provitamin A carotenoids. This evolutionary advantage requires a complex interplay between numerous specialized retinoid-transport proteins, receptors, and enzymes. Recent advances in molecular and structural biology resulted in a rapid expansion of our understanding of these processes at the molecular level. This progress opened new avenues for the therapeutic manipulation of retinoid homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current research related to the biochemistry of carotenoid and retinoid-processing proteins with special emphasis on the structural aspects of their physiological actions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Airanthi K Widjaja-Adhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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32
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Identifying Cancer-Relevant Mutations in the DLC START Domain Using Evolutionary and Structure-Function Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218175. [PMID: 33142932 PMCID: PMC7662654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPase signaling promotes proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in a broad spectrum of cancers. Rho GTPase activity is regulated by the deleted in liver cancer (DLC) family of bona fide tumor suppressors which directly inactivate Rho GTPases by stimulating GTP hydrolysis. In addition to a RhoGAP domain, DLC proteins contain a StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain. START domains in other organisms bind hydrophobic small molecules and can regulate interacting partners or co-occurring domains through a variety of mechanisms. In the case of DLC proteins, their START domain appears to contribute to tumor suppressive activity. However, the nature of this START-directed mechanism, as well as the identities of relevant functional residues, remain virtually unknown. Using the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) dataset and evolutionary and structure-function analyses, we identify several conserved residues likely to be required for START-directed regulation of DLC-1 and DLC-2 tumor-suppressive capabilities. This pan-cancer analysis shows that conserved residues of both START domains are highly overrepresented in cancer cells from a wide range tissues. Interestingly, in DLC-1 and DLC-2, three of these residues form multiple interactions at the tertiary structural level. Furthermore, mutation of any of these residues is predicted to disrupt interactions and thus destabilize the START domain. As such, these mutations would not have emerged from traditional hotspot scans of COSMIC. We propose that evolutionary and structure-function analyses are an underutilized strategy which could be used to unmask cancer-relevant mutations within COSMIC. Our data also suggest DLC-1 and DLC-2 as high-priority candidates for development of novel therapeutics that target their START domain.
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33
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Tillman MC, Imai N, Li Y, Khadka M, Okafor CD, Juneja P, Adhiyaman A, Hagen SJ, Cohen DE, Ortlund EA. Allosteric regulation of thioesterase superfamily member 1 by lipid sensor domain binding fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22080-22089. [PMID: 32820071 PMCID: PMC7486800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003877117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonshivering thermogenesis occurs in brown adipose tissue to generate heat in response to cold ambient temperatures. Thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1) is transcriptionally up-regulated in brown adipose tissue upon exposure to the cold and suppresses thermogenesis in order to conserve energy reserves. It hydrolyzes long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs that are derived from lipid droplets, preventing their use as fuel for thermogenesis. In addition to its enzymatic domains, Them1 contains a C-terminal StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain with unknown ligand or function. By complementary biophysical approaches, we show that the START domain binds to long-chain fatty acids, products of Them1's enzymatic reaction, as well as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lipids shown to activate thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. Certain fatty acids stabilize the START domain and allosterically enhance Them1 catalysis of acyl-CoA, whereas 18:1 LPC destabilizes and inhibits activity, which we verify in cell culture. Additionally, we demonstrate that the START domain functions to localize Them1 near lipid droplets. These findings define the role of the START domain as a lipid sensor that allosterically regulates Them1 activity and spatially localizes it in proximity to the lipid droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Tillman
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Norihiro Imai
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Manoj Khadka
- Emory Integrated Lipidomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Puneet Juneja
- Robert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Akshitha Adhiyaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Susan J Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - David E Cohen
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;
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34
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Katharopoulos E, Di Iorgi N, Fernandez-Alvarez P, Pandey AV, Groessl M, Dubey S, Camats N, Napoli F, Patti G, Lezzi M, Maghnie M, Flück CE. Characterization of Two Novel Variants of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Identified in a Girl with Classic Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176185. [PMID: 32867102 PMCID: PMC7504070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) consists of several autosomal recessive disorders that inhibit steroid biosynthesis. We describe a case report diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency due to low adrenal steroids and adrenocorticotropic hormone excess due to lack of cortisol negative feedback signaling to the pituary gland. Genetic work up revealed two missense variants, p.Thr204Arg and p.Leu260Arg in the STAR gene, inherited by both parents (non-consanguineous). The StAR protein supports CYP11A1 enzyme to cleave the side chain of cholesterol and synthesize pregnenolone which is metabolized to all steroid hormones. We used bioinformatics to predict the impact of the variants on StAR activity and then we performed functional tests to characterize the two novel variants. In a cell system we tested the ability of variants to support cholesterol conversion to pregnenolone and measured their mRNA and protein expression. For both variants, we observed loss of StAR function, reduced protein expression and categorized them as pathogenic variants according to guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. These results fit the phenotype of the girl during diagnosis. This study characterizes two novel variants and expands the list of missense variants that cause CAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Katharopoulos
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.K.); (A.V.P.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Research, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Graduate School Bern, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natascia Di Iorgi
- Department of Paediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (N.D.I.); (F.N.); (G.P.); (M.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paula Fernandez-Alvarez
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Amit V. Pandey
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.K.); (A.V.P.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Research, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Michael Groessl
- Department of Biomedical Research, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shraddha Dubey
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.K.); (A.V.P.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Research, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Núria Camats
- Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Centre of Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Flavia Napoli
- Department of Paediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (N.D.I.); (F.N.); (G.P.); (M.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Giuseppa Patti
- Department of Paediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (N.D.I.); (F.N.); (G.P.); (M.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marilea Lezzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (N.D.I.); (F.N.); (G.P.); (M.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Paediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (N.D.I.); (F.N.); (G.P.); (M.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Christa E. Flück
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.K.); (A.V.P.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Research, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
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Toprak U, Hegedus D, Doğan C, Güney G. A journey into the world of insect lipid metabolism. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21682. [PMID: 32335968 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it is critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is the fat body, which is analogous to the vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes and oenocytes are the primary cells related to lipid metabolism. Lipid metabolism starts with the hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption of lipid monomers, followed by lipid transport from midgut to the fat body, lipogenesis or lipolysis in the fat body, and lipid transport from fat body to other sites demanding energy. Lipid metabolism is under the control of hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers and posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, lipogenesis is under the control of insulin-like peptides that activate lipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, whereas lipolysis is coordinated by the adipokinetic hormone that activates lipolytic transcription factors, such as forkhead box class O and cAMP-response element-binding protein. Calcium is the primary-secondary messenger affecting lipid metabolism and has different outcomes depending on the site of lipogenesis or lipolysis. Phosphorylation is central to lipid metabolism and multiple phosphorylases are involved in lipid accumulation or hydrolysis. Although most of the knowledge of insect lipid metabolism comes from the studies on the model Drosophila; other insects, in particular those with obligatory or facultative diapause, also have great potential to study lipid metabolism. The use of these models would significantly improve our knowledge of insect lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Toprak
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dwayne Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cansu Doğan
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Güney
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid biosynthesis: implications for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Genes Immun 2020; 21:150-168. [PMID: 32203088 PMCID: PMC7276297 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid synthesis is a complex, multistep process that starts with cholesterol being delivered to the inner membrane of mitochondria by StAR and StAR-related proteins. Here its side chain is cleaved by CYP11A1 producing pregnenolone. Pregnenolone is converted to cortisol by the enzymes 3-βHSD, CYP17A1, CYP21A2 and CYP11B1. Glucocorticoids play a critical role in the regulation of the immune system and exert their action through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Although corticosteroids are primarily produced in the adrenal gland, they can also be produced in a number of extra-adrenal tissue including the immune system, skin, brain, and intestine. Glucocorticoid production is regulated by ACTH, CRH, and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα. The bioavailability of cortisol is also dependent on its interconversion to cortisone which is inactive, by 11βHSD1/2. Local and systemic glucocorticoid biosynthesis can be stimulated by ultraviolet B, explaining its immunosuppressive activity. In this review, we want to emphasize that dysregulation of extra-adrenal glucocorticoid production can play a key role in a variety of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus (LE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and skin inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD). Further research on local glucocorticoid production and its bioavailability may open doors into new therapies for autoimmune diseases.
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Ali A, Al-Tobasei R, Lourenco D, Leeds T, Kenney B, Salem M. Genome-wide identification of loci associated with growth in rainbow trout. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:209. [PMID: 32138655 PMCID: PMC7059289 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growth is a major economic production trait in aquaculture. Improvements in growth performance will reduce time and cost for fish to reach market size. However, genes underlying growth have not been fully explored in rainbow trout. Results A previously developed 50 K gene-transcribed SNP chip, containing ~ 21 K SNPs showing allelic imbalances potentially associated with important aquaculture production traits including body weight, muscle yield, was used for genotyping a total of 789 fish with available phenotypic data for bodyweight gain. Genotyped fish were obtained from two consecutive generations produced in the NCCCWA growth-selection breeding program. Weighted single-step GBLUP (WssGBLUP) was used to perform a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with bodyweight gain. Using genomic sliding windows of 50 adjacent SNPs, 247 SNPs associated with bodyweight gain were identified. SNP-harboring genes were involved in cell growth, cell proliferation, cell cycle, lipid metabolism, proteolytic activities, chromatin modification, and developmental processes. Chromosome 14 harbored the highest number of SNPs (n = 50). An SNP window explaining the highest additive genetic variance for bodyweight gain (~ 6.4%) included a nonsynonymous SNP in a gene encoding inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase OCRL-1. Additionally, based on a single-marker GWA analysis, 33 SNPs were identified in association with bodyweight gain. The highest SNP explaining variation in bodyweight gain was identified in a gene coding for thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) (R2 = 0.09). Conclusion The majority of SNP-harboring genes, including OCRL-1 and THBS1, were involved in developmental processes. Our results suggest that development-related genes are important determinants for growth and could be prioritized and used for genomic selection in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rafet Al-Tobasei
- Computational Science Program, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Daniela Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tim Leeds
- United States Department of Agriculture Kearneysville, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Brett Kenney
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Peretti D, Kim S, Tufi R, Lev S. Lipid Transfer Proteins and Membrane Contact Sites in Human Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:371. [PMID: 32039198 PMCID: PMC6989408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs) were initially discovered as cytosolic factors that facilitate lipid transport between membrane bilayers in vitro. Since then, many LTPs have been isolated from bacteria, plants, yeast, and mammals, and extensively studied in cell-free systems and intact cells. A major advance in the LTP field was associated with the discovery of intracellular membrane contact sites (MCSs), small cytosolic gaps between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other cellular membranes, which accelerate lipid transfer by LTPs. As LTPs modulate the distribution of lipids within cellular membranes, and many lipid species function as second messengers in key signaling pathways that control cell survival, proliferation, and migration, LTPs have been implicated in cancer-associated signal transduction cascades. Increasing evidence suggests that LTPs play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. This review describes how different LTPs as well as MCSs can contribute to cell transformation and malignant phenotype, and discusses how “aberrant” MCSs are associated with tumorigenesis in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Peretti
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - SoHui Kim
- Nakseongdae R&D Center, GPCR Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roberta Tufi
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sima Lev
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Iaea DB, Spahr ZR, Singh RK, Chan RB, Zhou B, Bareja R, Elemento O, Di Paolo G, Zhang X, Maxfield FR. Stable reduction of STARD4 alters cholesterol regulation and lipid homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158609. [PMID: 31917335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
STARD4, a member of the evolutionarily conserved START gene family, is a soluble sterol transport protein implicated in cholesterol sensing and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. STARD4 is widely expressed and has been shown to transfer sterol between liposomes as well as organelles in cells. However, STARD4 knockout mice lack an obvious phenotype, so the overall role of STARD4 is unclear. To model long term depletion of STARD4 in cells, we use short hairpin RNA technology to stably decrease STARD4 expression in human U2OS osteosarcoma cells (STARD4-KD). We show that STARD4-KD cells display increased total cholesterol, slower cholesterol trafficking between the plasma membrane and the endocytic recycling compartment, and increased plasma membrane fluidity. These effects can all be rescued by transient expression of a short hairpin RNA-resistant STARD4 construct. Some of the cholesterol increase was due to excess storage in late endosomes or lysosomes. To understand the effects of reduced STARD4, we carried out transcriptional and lipidomic profiling of control and STARD4-KD cells. Reduction of STARD4 activates compensatory mechanisms that alter membrane composition and lipid homeostasis. Based on these observations, we propose that STARD4 functions as a critical sterol transport protein involved in sterol sensing and maintaining lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Iaea
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Tri-Institutional Chemical Biology Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zachary R Spahr
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robin B Chan
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frederick R Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Tri-Institutional Chemical Biology Program, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Abstract
Synthesis and regulation of lipid levels and identities is critical for a wide variety of cellular functions, including structural and morphological properties of organelles, energy storage, signaling, and stability and function of membrane proteins. Proteolytic cleavage events regulate and/or influence some of these lipid metabolic processes and as a result help modulate their pleiotropic cellular functions. Proteins involved in lipid regulation are proteolytically cleaved for the purpose of their relocalization, processing, turnover, and quality control, among others. The scope of this review includes proteolytic events governing cellular lipid dynamics. After an initial discussion of the classic example of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, our focus will shift to the mitochondrion, where a range of proteolytic events are critical for normal mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism and enforcing quality control therein. Recently, mitochondrial phospholipid metabolic pathways have been implicated as important for the proliferative capacity of cancers. Thus, the assorted proteases that regulate, monitor, or influence the activity of proteins that are important for phospholipid metabolism represent attractive targets to be manipulated for research purposes and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingdewinde N. Sam
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Erica Avery
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Chen Y, Panter B, Hussain A, Gibbs K, Ferreira D, Allard P. BPA interferes with StAR-mediated mitochondrial cholesterol transport to induce germline dysfunctions. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 90:24-32. [PMID: 31445225 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor associated with hormone synthesis and reproduction alterations. However, the initiating events underpinning these dysfunctions are still unclear. Here, we address the hypothesis that BPA interferes with the highly evolutionary conserved process of mitochondrial cholesterol transport, a crucial step in steroid hormone biosynthesis, by using the model organism C. elegans. We observed that embryonic lethality and germline apoptosis, hallmarks of BPA's reproductive toxicity in C. elegans, are fully rescued by low exogenous cholesterol supplementation. We also observed that increasing BPA concentrations proportionally reduced mitochondrial cholesterol levels. Mutants for strl-1 (ortholog of StAR), but not C41G7.9 (ortholog of TSPO), show reproductive defects similar to BPA's while BPA exposure in a strl-1 background did not worsen these effects. Finally, cholesterol supplementation rescued these defects for all strl-1 genotype/BPA combinations assessed. Together, these results uncover a novel mechanism underlying BPA's germline toxicity through the alteration of cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichang Chen
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Blake Panter
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aleena Hussain
- California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Katherine Gibbs
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick Allard
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Tugaeva KV, Sluchanko NN. Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein: Structure, Functioning, and Regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:S233-S253. [PMID: 31213205 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919140141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis takes place mainly in adrenal and gonadal cells that produce a variety of structurally similar hormones regulating numerous body functions. The rate-limiting stage of steroidogenesis is cholesterol delivery to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is converted by cytochrome P450scc into pregnenolone, a common precursor of all steroid hormones. The major role of supplying mitochondria with cholesterol belongs to steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STARD1). STARD1, which is synthesized de novo as a precursor containing mitochondrial localization sequence and sterol-binding domain, significantly accelerates cholesterol transport and production of pregnenolone. Despite a tremendous interest in STARD1 fueled by its involvement in hereditary diseases and extensive efforts of numerous laboratories worldwide, many aspects of STARD1 structure, functioning, and regulation remain obscure and debatable. This review presents current concepts on the structure of STARD1 and other lipid transfer proteins, the role of STARD1 in steroidogenesis, and the mechanism of its functioning, as well as identifies the most controversial and least studied questions related to the activity of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Tugaeva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - N N Sluchanko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Biophysics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Grefhorst A, Verkade HJ, Groen AK. The TICE Pathway: Mechanisms and Lipid-Lowering Therapies. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2019; 15:70-76. [PMID: 31049152 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-15-1-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the well-known hepatobiliary pathway of cholesterol excretion into the feces, transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) is a second major pathway through which cholesterol is disposed from the body. In the process of TICE, cholesterol is taken up from lipoprotein particles at the basolateral side of the enterocyte and translocates towards the apical side of the enterocyte. At the apical side, the ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 form a heterodimer that transports cholesterol into the intestinal lumen. A substantial amount of the secreted cholesterol is likely reabsorbed by the cholesterol influx transporter Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) since recent data indicate that inhibition of NPC1L1 increases the efficacy of TICE for disposal of cholesterol via the feces. The pathways and proteins involved in intracellular cholesterol trafficking in the enterocyte have not yet been identified. Therefore, in addition to discussing known mediators of TICE, this review will also examine potential candidates involved in cholesterol translocation in the enterocyte. Both the cholesterol reuptake and efflux pathways can be influenced by pharmaceutical means; thus, the TICE pathway is a very attractive target to increase cholesterol excretion from the body and prevent or mitigate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Grefhorst
- AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTERS, AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN, UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, GRONINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Albert K Groen
- AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTERS, AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS.,UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN, UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, GRONINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS
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Luo J, Jiang LY, Yang H, Song BL. Intracellular Cholesterol Transport by Sterol Transfer Proteins at Membrane Contact Sites. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:273-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mboge MY, Ramirez-Mata A, Bullock A, O’Donnell R, Mathias JV, Davila J, Frost CJ, Frost SC. β-caryophyllene enhances the transcriptional upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in breast cancer cells. CURRENT TOPICS IN BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019; 20:1-16. [PMID: 34733015 PMCID: PMC8561761 DOI: 10.31300/ctbr.20.2019.1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
β-caryophyllene (BCP) exhibits anti-proliferative properties in cancer cells. Here, we examine the hypothesis that BCP induces membrane remodeling. Our data show that high concentrations of BCP increase membrane permeability of human breast cells (hBrC) causing detachment and cell death. At a sub-lethal concentration of BCP, we show that BCP induces a striking upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, including the gene that encodes for HMGCoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-determining step in cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is also upregulated which would lead to the enhanced formation of monounsaturated fatty acids, specifically oleate and palmitoleate from stearoyl CoA and palmitoyl CoA, respectively. These fatty acids are major components of membrane phospholipids and cholesterol esters. Together, these data suggest that cells respond to BCP by increasing the synthesis of components found in membranes. These responses could be viewed as a repair mechanism and/or as a mechanism to mount resistance to the cytotoxic effect of BCP. Blocking HMGCR activity enhances the cytotoxicity of BCP, suggesting that BCP may provide an additional therapeutic tool in controlling breast cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y. Mboge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Ramirez-Mata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam Bullock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Riley O’Donnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John V. Mathias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie Davila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Susan C. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Li R, Dudemaine PL, Do DN, Bissonnette N. Transcriptome Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA in the Bovine Mammary Gland Following Dietary Supplementation with Linseed Oil and Safflower Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3610. [PMID: 30445766 PMCID: PMC6274745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in the bovine mammary gland and to infer their functions in dietary response to 5% linseed oil (LSO) or 5% safflower oil (SFO). Twelve cows (six per treatment) in mid lactation were fed a control diet for 28 days followed by a treatment period (control diet supplemented with 5% LSO or 5% SFO) of 28 days. Mammary gland biopsies were collected from each animal on day-14 (D-14, control period), D+7 (early treatment period) and D+28 (late treatment period) and were subjected to RNA-Sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analyses. Functional enrichment of lncRNA was performed via potential cis regulated target genes located within 50 kb flanking regions of lncRNAs and having expression correlation of >0.7 with mRNAs. A total of 4955 lncRNAs (325 known and 4630 novel) were identified which potentially cis targeted 59 and 494 genes in LSO and SFO treatments, respectively. Enrichments of cis target genes of lncRNAs indicated potential roles of lncRNAs in immune function, nucleic acid metabolism and cell membrane organization processes as well as involvement in Notch, cAMP and TGF-β signaling pathways. Thirty-two and 21 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in LSO and SFO treatments, respectively. Six genes (KCNF1, STARD13, BCL6, NXPE2, HHIPL2 and MMD) were identified as potential cis target genes of six DE lncRNAs. In conclusion, this study has identified lncRNAs with potential roles in mammary gland functions and potential candidate genes and pathways via which lncRNAs might function in response to LSO and SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Ran Li
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Duy N Do
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
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47
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Granatosky EA, DiPrimio N, Pickering JR, Stevens DC, Perlstein EO, Taylor RE. GEX1A, a Polyketide from Streptomyces chromofuscus, Corrects the Cellular Defects Associated with Niemann-Pick Type C1 in Human Fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2018-2025. [PMID: 30188717 PMCID: PMC6868502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the first evidence of GEX1A, a polyketide known to modulate alternative pre-mRNA splicing, as a potential treatment for Niemann-Pick type C disease. GEX1A was isolated from its producing organism, Streptomyces chromofuscus, and screened in NPC1 mutant cells alongside several semisynthetic analogues. We found that GEX1A and analogues are capable of restoring cholesterol trafficking in NPC1 mutant fibroblasts, as well as altering the expression of NPC1 isoforms detected by Western blot. These results, along with the compound's favorable pharmacokinetic properties, highlight the potential of spliceosome-targeting scaffolds such as GEX1A for the treatment of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve A. Granatosky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | | | - Jarred R.E. Pickering
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - D. Cole Stevens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | | | - Richard E. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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48
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He H, Wang J, Yannie PJ, Kakiyama G, Korzun WJ, Ghosh S. Sterol carrier protein-2 deficiency attenuates diet-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9223-9231. [PMID: 29700117 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular cholesterol transport proteins move cholesterol to different subcellular compartments and thereby regulate its final metabolic fate. In hepatocytes, for example, delivery of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated cholesterol for bile acid synthesis or secretion into bile facilitates cholesterol elimination from the body (anti-atherogenic effect), whereas delivery for esterification and subsequent incorporation into apolipoprotein B-containing atherogenic lipoproteins (e.g. very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)) enhances cholesterol secretion into the systemic circulation (pro-atherogenic effect). Intracellular cholesterol transport proteins such as sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2) should, therefore, play a role in regulating these pro- or anti-atherosclerotic processes. Here, we sought to evaluate the effects of SCP2 deficiency on the development of diet-induced atherosclerosis. We generated LDLR-/- mice deficient in SCP2/SCPx (LS) and examined the effects of this deficiency on Western diet-induced atherosclerosis. SCP2/SCPx deficiency attenuated atherosclerosis in LS mice by >80% and significantly reduced plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Investigation of the likely underlying mechanisms revealed a significant reduction in intestinal cholesterol absorption (given as an oral gavage) in SCP2/SCPx-deficient mice. Consistently, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SCP2 in intestinal cells significantly reduced cholesterol uptake. Furthermore, hepatic triglyceride/VLDL secretion from the liver or hepatocytes isolated from SCP2/SCPx-deficient mice was significantly reduced. These results indicate an important regulatory role for SCP2 deficiency in attenuating diet-induced atherosclerosis by limiting intestinal cholesterol absorption and decreasing hepatic triglyceride/VLDL secretion. These findings suggest targeted inhibition of SCP2 as a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce Western diet-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Wang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Paul J Yannie
- the Hunter Homes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- the Hunter Homes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249
| | - William J Korzun
- Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298 and
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and .,the Hunter Homes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249
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49
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Endo T, Tamura Y. Shuttle mission in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201898993. [PMID: 29382654 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201898993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Endo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tamura
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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50
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Stefan CJ, Trimble WS, Grinstein S, Drin G, Reinisch K, De Camilli P, Cohen S, Valm AM, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Levine TP, Iaea DB, Maxfield FR, Futter CE, Eden ER, Judith D, van Vliet AR, Agostinis P, Tooze SA, Sugiura A, McBride HM. Membrane dynamics and organelle biogenesis-lipid pipelines and vesicular carriers. BMC Biol 2017; 15:102. [PMID: 29089042 PMCID: PMC5663033 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Discoveries spanning several decades have pointed to vital membrane lipid trafficking pathways involving both vesicular and non-vesicular carriers. But the relative contributions for distinct membrane delivery pathways in cell growth and organelle biogenesis continue to be a puzzle. This is because lipids flow from many sources and across many paths via transport vesicles, non-vesicular transfer proteins, and dynamic interactions between organelles at membrane contact sites. This forum presents our latest understanding, appreciation, and queries regarding the lipid transport mechanisms necessary to drive membrane expansion during organelle biogenesis and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Stefan
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - William S. Trimble
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guillaume Drin
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Karin Reinisch
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | | | | | | | - Tim P. Levine
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - David B. Iaea
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Frederick R. Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Clare E. Futter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Emily R. Eden
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Delphine Judith
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexander R. van Vliet
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sharon A. Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ayumu Sugiura
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Heidi M. McBride
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4 Canada
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