1
|
Ciardulli MC, Lovecchio J, Parolini O, Giordano E, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. Fibrin Scaffolds Perfused with Transforming Growth Factor-β1 as an In Vitro Model to Study Healthy and Tendinopathic Human Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9563. [PMID: 39273510 PMCID: PMC11395617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A limited understanding of tendon cell biology in healthy and pathological conditions has impeded the development of effective treatments, necessitating in vitro biomimetic models for studying tendon events. We established a dynamic culture using fibrin scaffolds, bioengineered with tendon stem/progenitor cells (hTSPCs) from healthy or diseased human biopsies and perfused with 20 ng/mL of human transforming growth factor-β1 for 21 days. Both cell types showed long-term viability and upregulated Scleraxis (SCX-A) and Tenomodulin (TNMD) gene expressions, indicating tenogenic activity. However, diseased hTSPCs underexpressed collagen type I and III (COL1A1 and COL3A1) genes and exhibited lower SCX-A and TNMD protein levels, but increased type I collagen production, with a type I/type III collagen ratio > 1.5 by day 14, matching healthy cells. Diseased hTSPCs also showed constant high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8 and IL-6. This biomimetic environment is a valuable tool for studying tenogenic and inflammatory events in healthy and diseased tendon cells and identifying new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Translational Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Joseph Lovecchio
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavík University, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "Silvio Cavalcanti", Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, 47522 Cesena, Italy
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Translational Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gregory CA, Ma J, Lomeli S. The coordinated activities of collagen VI and XII in maintenance of tissue structure, function and repair: evidence for a physical interaction. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1376091. [PMID: 38606288 PMCID: PMC11007232 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1376091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI and collagen XII are structurally complex collagens of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Like all collagens, type VI and XII both possess triple-helical components that facilitate participation in the ECM network, but collagen VI and XII are distinct from the more abundant fibrillar collagens in that they also possess arrays of structurally globular modules with the capacity to propagate signaling to attached cells. Cell attachment to collagen VI and XII is known to regulate protective, proliferative or developmental processes through a variety of mechanisms, but a growing body of genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that at least some of these phenomena may be potentiated through mechanisms that require coordinated interaction between the two collagens. For example, genetic studies in humans have identified forms of myopathic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with overlapping phenotypes that result from mutations in either collagen VI or XII, and biochemical and cell-based studies have identified accessory molecules that could form bridging interactions between the two collagens. However, the demonstration of a direct or ternary structural interaction between collagen VI or XII has not yet been reported. This Hypothesis and Theory review article examines the evidence that supports the existence of a functional complex between type VI and XII collagen in the ECM and discusses potential biological implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl A. Gregory
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou X, Zhang H, Benson JM, Gao H, Burris DL, Fox JM, Jia X. Modeling the Maturation of the Vocal Fold Lamina Propria Using a Bioorthogonally Tunable Hydrogel Platform. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301701. [PMID: 37530909 PMCID: PMC10834846 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Toward the goal of establishing an engineered model of the vocal fold lamina propria (LP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are encapsulated in hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels employing tetrazine ligation with strained alkenes. To mimic matrix stiffening during LP maturation, diffusion-controlled interfacial bioorthogonal crosslinking is carried out on the soft cellular construct using HA modified with a ferocious dienophile, trans-cyclooctene (TCO). Cultures are maintained in MSC growth media for 14 days to afford a model of a newborn LP that is homogeneously soft (nLP), a homogeneously stiffened construct zero (sLP0) or 7 days (sLP7) post cell encapsulation, and a mature LP model (mLP) with a stiff top layer and a soft bottom layer. Installation of additional HA crosslinks restricts cell spreading. Compared to the nLP controls, sLP7 conditions upregulate the expression of fibrous matrix proteins (Col I, DCN, and FN EDA), classic fibroblastic markers (TNC, FAP, and FSP1), and matrix remodeling enzymes (MMP2, TIMP1, and HAS3). Day 7 stiffening also upregulates the catabolic activities, enhances ECM turnover, and promotes YAP expression. Overall, in situ delayed matrix stiffening promotes a fibroblast transition from MSCs and enhances YAP-regulated mechanosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jamie M. Benson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Hanyuan Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - David L. Burris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Joseph. M. Fox
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haslin E, Pettigrew EJ, Hickson RE, Kenyon PR, Gedye KR, Lopez-Villalobos N, Jayawardana JMDR, Morris ST, Blair HT. Genome-Wide Association Studies of Live Weight at First Breeding at Eight Months of Age and Pregnancy Status of Ewe Lambs. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040805. [PMID: 37107563 PMCID: PMC10137859 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study estimated genetic parameters and identified candidate genes associated with live weight, and the occurrence of pregnancy in 1327 Romney ewe lambs using genome-wide association studies. Phenotypic traits considered were the occurrence of pregnancy in ewe lambs and live weight at eight months of age. Genetic parameters were estimated, and genomic variation was assessed using 13,500 single-nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs). Ewe lamb live weight had medium genomic heritability and was positively genetically correlated with occurrence of pregnancy. This suggests that selection for heavier ewe lambs is possible and would likely improve the occurrence of pregnancy in ewe lambs. No SNPs were associated with the occurrence of pregnancy; however, three candidate genes were associated with ewe lamb live weight. Tenascin C (TNC), TNF superfamily member 8 (TNFSF8) and Collagen type XXVIII alpha 1 chain (COL28A1) are involved in extracellular matrix organization and regulation of cell fate in the immune system. TNC may be involved in ewe lamb growth, and therefore, could be of interest for selection of ewe lamb replacements. The association between ewe lamb live weight and TNFSF8 and COL28A1 is unclear. Further research is needed using a larger population to determine whether the genes identified can be used for genomic selection of replacement ewe lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Haslin
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.R.K.); (N.L.-V.); (J.M.D.R.J.); (S.T.M.); (H.T.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Paul R. Kenyon
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.R.K.); (N.L.-V.); (J.M.D.R.J.); (S.T.M.); (H.T.B.)
| | - Kristene R. Gedye
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.R.K.); (N.L.-V.); (J.M.D.R.J.); (S.T.M.); (H.T.B.)
| | - J. M. D. R. Jayawardana
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.R.K.); (N.L.-V.); (J.M.D.R.J.); (S.T.M.); (H.T.B.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Stephen T. Morris
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.R.K.); (N.L.-V.); (J.M.D.R.J.); (S.T.M.); (H.T.B.)
| | - Hugh T. Blair
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.R.K.); (N.L.-V.); (J.M.D.R.J.); (S.T.M.); (H.T.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hwang J, Lee SY, Jo CH. Degenerative tendon matrix induces tenogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:15. [PMID: 36786947 PMCID: PMC9928997 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) react dynamically with the surrounding microenvironment to promote tissue-specific differentiation and hence increase targeted regenerative capacity. Extracellular matrix (ECM) would be the first microenvironment to interact with MSCs injected into the tissue lesion. However, degenerative tissues would have different characteristics of ECM in comparison with healthy tissues. Therefore, the influence of degenerative ECM on tissue-specific differentiation of MSCs and the formation of matrix composition need to be considered for the sophisticated therapeutic application of stem cells for tissue regeneration. METHODS Human degenerative tendon tissues were obtained from patients undergoing rotator cuff repair and finely minced into 2 ~ 3 mm fragments. Different amounts of tendon matrix (0.005 g, 0.01 g, 0.025 g, 0.05 g, 0.1 g, 0.25 g, 0.5 g, 1 g, and 2 g) were co-cultured with bone marrow MSCs (BM MSCs) for 7 days. Six tendon-related markers, scleraxis, tenomodulin, collagen type I and III, decorin, and tenascin-C, osteogenic marker, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and chondrogenic marker, aggrecan (ACAN), were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cell viability and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assays were performed. The connective tissue growth factor was used as a positive control. RESULTS The expressions of six tendon-related markers were significantly upregulated until the amount of tendon matrix exceeded 0.5 g, the point where the mRNA expressions of all six genes analyzed started to decrease. The tendon matrix exerted an inhibitory effect on ACAN expression but had a negligible effect on ALP expression. Cell viability did not change significantly over the culture period. The amount of tendon matrix exceeding 0.01 g significantly increased the SA-βgal activity of BM MSCs. CONCLUSION This study successfully demonstrated tendon ECM-stimulated tenogenesis of BM MSCs through an indirect co-culture system without the use of exogenous growth factors and the alteration of cellular viability. In contrast to the initial hypothesis, the tenogenesis of BM MSCs induced with the degenerative tendon matrix accompanied cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joongwon Hwang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-Ro 103, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea ,grid.412479.dDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University, 20 Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061 South Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- grid.412479.dDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University, 20 Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061 South Korea
| | - Chris Hyunchul Jo
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-Ro 103, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University, 20 Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tucker RP, Degen M. Revisiting the Tenascins: Exploitable as Cancer Targets? Front Oncol 2022; 12:908247. [PMID: 35785162 PMCID: PMC9248440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For their full manifestation, tumors require support from the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes a specific extracellular matrix (ECM), vasculature, and a variety of non-malignant host cells. Together, these components form a tumor-permissive niche that significantly differs from physiological conditions. While the TME helps to promote tumor progression, its special composition also provides potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. Targeting tumor-specific ECM molecules and stromal cells or disrupting aberrant mesenchyme-cancer communications might normalize the TME and improve cancer treatment outcome. The tenascins are a family of large, multifunctional extracellular glycoproteins consisting of four members. Although each have been described to be expressed in the ECM surrounding cancer cells, tenascin-C and tenascin-W are currently the most promising candidates for exploitability and clinical use as they are highly expressed in various tumor stroma with relatively low abundance in healthy tissues. Here, we review what is known about expression of all four tenascin family members in tumors, followed by a more thorough discussion on tenascin-C and tenascin-W focusing on their oncogenic functions and their potential as diagnostic and/or targetable molecules for anti-cancer treatment purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Martin Degen,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liang G, Wang S, Shao J, Jin Y, Xu L, Yan Y, Günther S, Wang L, Offermanns S. Tenascin-X Mediates Flow-Induced Suppression of EndMT and Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2022; 130:1647-1659. [PMID: 35443807 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been identified as a critical driver of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) is a key mediator of EndMT. Both EndMT and atherosclerosis are promoted by disturbed flow, whereas unidirectional laminar flow limits EndMT and is atheroprotective. How EndMT and endothelial TGF-β signaling are regulated by different flow patterns is, however, still poorly understood. METHODS Flow chamber experiments in vitro and endothelium-specific knockout mice were used to study the role of tenascin-X in the regulation of EndMT and atherosclerosis as well as the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS In human endothelial cells as well as in human and mouse aortae, unidirectional laminar flow but not disturbed flow strongly increased endothelial expression of the extracellular matrix protein TN-X (tenascin-X) in a KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) dependent manner. Mice with endothelium-specific loss of TN-X (EC-Tnxb-KO) showed increased endothelial TGF-β signaling as well as increased endothelial expression of EndMT and inflammatory marker genes. When EC-Tnxb-KO mice were subjected to partial carotid artery ligation, we observed increased vascular remodeling. EC-Tnxb-KO mice crossed to low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice showed advanced atherosclerotic lesions after being fed a high-fat diet. Treatment of EC-Tnxb-KO mice with an anti-TGF-beta antibody or additional endothelial loss of TGF-beta receptors 1 and 2 normalized endothelial TGF-beta signaling and prevented EndMT. In in vitro studies, we found that TN-X through its fibrinogen-like domain directly interacts with TGF-β and thereby interferes with its binding to the TGF-β receptor. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that TN-X is a central mediator of flow-induced inhibition of EndMT, endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis, which functions by binding to and by blocking the activity of TGF-β. Our data identify a novel mechanism of flow-dependent regulation of vascular TGF-β, which holds promise for generating new strategies to prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.)
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (S.W., L.X.)
| | - Jingchen Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.)
| | - YoungJune Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.)
| | - Liran Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (S.W., L.X.)
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.).,Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (S.O.).,Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mwase C, Phung TKN, O’Sullivan MJ, Mitchel JA, De Marzio M, Kılıç A, Weiss ST, Fredberg JJ, Park JA. Mechanical Compression of Human Airway Epithelial Cells Induces Release of Extracellular Vesicles Containing Tenascin C. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020256. [PMID: 35053372 PMCID: PMC8774246 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant remodeling of the asthmatic airway is not well understood but is thought to be attributable in part to mechanical compression of airway epithelial cells. Here, we examine compression-induced expression and secretion of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin C (TNC) from well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells grown in an air-liquid interface culture. We measured TNC mRNA expression using RT-qPCR and secreted TNC protein using Western blotting and ELISA. To determine intracellular signaling pathways, we used specific inhibitors for either ERK or TGF-β receptor, and to assess the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) we used a commercially available kit and Western blotting. At baseline, secreted TNC protein was significantly higher in asthmatic compared to non-asthmatic cells. In response to mechanical compression, both TNC mRNA expression and secreted TNC protein was significantly increased in both non-asthmatic and asthmatic cells. TNC production depended on both the ERK and TGF-β receptor pathways. Moreover, mechanically compressed HBE cells released EVs that contain TNC. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which mechanical compression, as is caused by bronchospasm, is sufficient to induce the production of ECM protein in the airway and potentially contribute to airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chimwemwe Mwase
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Thien-Khoi N. Phung
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Michael J. O’Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Jennifer A. Mitchel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Margherita De Marzio
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ayşe Kılıç
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jeffrey J. Fredberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-432-2726
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gremlich S, Cremona TP, Yao E, Chabenet F, Fytianos K, Roth-Kleiner M, Schittny JC. Tenascin-C: Friend or Foe in Lung Aging? Front Physiol 2021; 12:749776. [PMID: 34777012 PMCID: PMC8578707 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung aging is characterized by lung function impairment, ECM remodeling and airspace enlargement. Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with paracrine and autocrine regulatory functions on cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. This matricellular protein is highly expressed during organogenesis and morphogenetic events like injury repair, inflammation or cancer. We previously showed that TNC deficiency affected lung development and pulmonary function, but little is known about its role during pulmonary aging. In order to answer this question, we characterized lung structure and physiology in 18 months old TNC-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice. Mice were mechanically ventilated with a basal and high tidal volume (HTV) ventilation protocol for functional analyses. Additional animals were used for histological, stereological and molecular biological analyses. We observed that old TNC-deficient mice exhibited larger lung volume, parenchymal volume, total airspace volume and septal surface area than WT, but similar mean linear intercept. This was accompanied by an increase in proliferation, but not apoptosis or autophagy markers expression throughout the lung parenchyma. Senescent cells were observed in epithelial cells of the conducting airways and in alveolar macrophages, but equally in both genotypes. Total collagen content was doubled in TNC KO lungs. However, basal and HTV ventilation revealed similar respiratory physiological parameters in both genotypes. Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) analysis showed a faint increase in α-SMA positive cells in TNC-deficient lungs, but a marked increase in non-proliferative α-SMA + desmin + cells. Major TNC-related molecular pathways were not up- or down-regulated in TNC-deficient lungs as compared to WT; only minor changes in TLR4 and TGFβR3 mRNA expression were observed. In conclusion, TNC-deficient lungs at 18 months of age showed exaggerated features of the normal structural lung aging described to occur in mice between 12 and 18 months of age. Correlated to the increased pulmonary function parameters previously observed in young adult TNC-deficient lungs and described to occur in normal lung aging between 3 and 6 months of age, TNC might be an advantage in lung aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Gremlich
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Eveline Yao
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Farah Chabenet
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kleanthis Fytianos
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Roth-Kleiner
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Purpose of review Here, we review recent progress made on the genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and their relationship with virulence. We also discuss the implications of virulence factors in the pathogenesis of giardiasis, and advances in the development of vaccines and drugs based on knowledge of virulence markers. Recent findings The use of transcriptomic and proteomic technologies as well as whole genome sequencing (WGS) from single cysts has allowed the assembly of the draft genome sequences for assemblages C and D of G. duodenalis. These findings, along with the published genomes for assemblages A, B, and E, have allowed comparative genomic investigations. In addition, the use of these methodologies for the characterization of the secretomes of trophozoite-epithelial cell interactions for assemblages A/B has led to the identification of virulence markers including energy metabolism enzymes, proteinases, high-cysteine membrane proteins (HCMPs), and variant surface proteins (VSPs). Recently, some drugs and vaccines, targeting virulence factors have been developed, offering possible alternatives to current treatment and prevention options against giardiasis. Summary Among the nine recognized species of Giardia, G. duodenalis stands out because of its broad spectrum of hosts and its socio-economic importance. This species comprises eight genetic assemblages (A to H), of which A and B are zoonotic, and the other assemblages have narrow host specificities. Assemblages A and B may be considered as the most virulent ones, but the existence of asymptomatic carriers and considerable genetic variability within and among these assemblages hampers the definition of common virulence factors. The attachment of Giardia trophozoites to epithelial cells and structural cytoskeleton components of the adhesive disk, such as giardins or tubulins, is proposed to play key roles, but toxins have not yet been precisely defined. However, recent transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the secretomes of trophozoites representing assemblages A and B and interacting with particular epithelial cell lines have defined a series of virulence factors, including glycolytic (e.g., enolase) and arginolytic (e.g., arginine deiminase) enzymes, cysteine proteases (e.g., giardipain-1) and VSPs (e.g., VSP9B10A). Other factors, such as HCMPs and tenascins, have been consistently found to be excreted/secreted, but their role(s) in the pathogenesis of giardiasis has not yet been elucidated. Interestingly, recent investigations of single cysts representing assemblages C and D using advanced sequencing and informatic methods have suggested that the transcription/expression profiles of virulence factors vary both within and between assemblages, thus assemblage-specific molecules might allow adaptation to the microenvironment within the host. Importantly, some drugs active against cysteine-rich proteins of Giardia, including giardipain-1, VSPs and arginine deiminase, have been shown to be targeted by cysteine-modifying compounds as disulfiram, L-canavanin and allicin. On the other hand, VSPs are presently considered as key vaccine candidates because they induce protection against Giardia in rodents and dogs. Overall, this review reveals that much more work is needed to identify, characterize, and understand the roles of virulence factors in Giardia and to assess their validity as drug and vaccine targets. Clear, advanced omics and informatic tools should assist in this future endeavor, with a focus on targeting virulence factors that are common and/or unique to distinct assemblages to develop new and effective interventions against Giardia.
Collapse
|
11
|
Huizer K, Zhu C, Chirifi I, Krist B, Zorgman D, van der Weiden M, van den Bosch TPP, Dumas J, Cheng C, Kros JM, Mustafa DA. Periostin Is Expressed by Pericytes and Is Crucial for Angiogenesis in Glioma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:863-872. [PMID: 32647861 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the matricellular protein periostin has been associated with glioma progression. In previous work we found an association of periostin with glioma angiogenesis. Here, we screen gliomas for POSTN expression and identify the cells that express periostin in human gliomas. In addition, we study the role of periostin in an in vitro model for angiogenesis. The expression of periostin was investigated by RT-PCR and by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we used double labeling and in situ RNA techniques to identify the expressing cells. To investigate the function of periostin, we silenced POSTN in a 3D in vitro angiogenesis model. Periostin expression was elevated in pilocytic astrocytoma and glioblastoma, but not in grade II/III astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. The expression of periostin colocalized with PDGFRβ+ cells, but not with OLIG2+/SOX2+ glioma stem cells. Silencing of periostin in pericytes in coculture experiments resulted in attenuation of the numbers and the length of the vessels formation and in a decrease in endothelial junction formation. We conclude that pericytes are the main source of periostin in human gliomas and that periostin plays an essential role in the growth and branching of blood vessels. Therefore, periostin should be explored as a novel target for developing anti-angiogenic therapy for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Huizer
- From the Laboratory for Tumor Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Changbin Zhu
- From the Laboratory for Tumor Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Chirifi
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Krist
- From the Laboratory for Tumor Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Zorgman
- From the Laboratory for Tumor Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van der Weiden
- From the Laboratory for Tumor Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry P P van den Bosch
- From the Laboratory for Tumor Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Dumas
- From the Laboratory for Tumor Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- From the Laboratory for Tumor Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dana A Mustafa
- From the Laboratory for Tumor Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
RNA-Seq Expression Analysis of Chronic Asthmatic Mice with Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi Formula Treatment and Prediction of Regulated Gene Targets of Anti-Airway Remodeling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3524571. [PMID: 33531915 PMCID: PMC7834776 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3524571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is one of the typical pathological characteristics of asthma, while the structural changes of the airways in asthma are complex, which impedes the development of novel asthma targeted therapy. Our previous study had shown that Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi formula (BSYQF) could ameliorate airway remodeling in chronic asthmatic mice by modulating airway inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung. In this study, we analysed the lung transcriptome of control mice and asthmatic mouse model with/without BSYQF treatment. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, we found that 264/1746 (15.1%) of transcripts showing abnormal expression in asthmatic mice were reverted back to completely or partially normal levels by BSYQF treatment. Additionally, based on previous results, we identified 21 differential expression genes (DEGs) with fold changes (FC) > (±) 2.0 related to inflammatory, oxidative stress, mitochondria, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK signal pathways which may play important roles in the mechanism of the anti-remodeling effect of BSYQF treatment. Through inputting 21 DEGs into the IPA database to construct a gene network, we inferred Adipoq, SPP1, and TNC which were located at critical nodes in the network may be key regulators of BSYQF's anti-remodeling effect. In addition, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) result for the selected four DEGs matched those of the RNA-seq analysis. Our results provide a preliminary clue to the molecular mechanism of the anti-remodeling effect of BSYQF in asthma.
Collapse
|
13
|
Girigoswami K, Saini D, Girigoswami A. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Development of Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:739-747. [PMID: 33128168 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of stem cell growth and its fate is highly essential for the use of stem cells in therapy and regeneration. There are conflicting evidences regarding the actual role of stem cells when injected into a patient towards damage recovery and its lifespan inside the body. Tumor microenvironment differs from that of normal cells and may have a role in the growth of stem cells when associated with them. In cancer, the uncontrolled growth of cells remodels the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM alteration occurs as the mutated fibroblast cells release growth factors into the ECM which further alters the ECM directly or changes the epithelial cells and then alters the ECM. In this review we will discuss about the components and functions of ECM and how does it differ in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Abnormal dynamics of the ECM and its role in cancer progression will also be discussed. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Devender Saini
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Espana EM, Birk DE. Composition, structure and function of the corneal stroma. Exp Eye Res 2020; 198:108137. [PMID: 32663498 PMCID: PMC7508887 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
No other tissue in the body depends more on the composition and organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) for normal structure and function than the corneal stroma. The precise arrangement and orientation of collagen fibrils, lamellae and keratocytes that occurs during development and is needed in adults to maintain stromal function is dependent on the regulated interaction of multiple ECM components that contribute to attain the unique properties of the cornea: transparency, shape, mechanical strength, and avascularity. This review summarizes the contribution of different ECM components, their structure, regulation and function in modulating the properties of the corneal stroma. Fibril forming collagens (I, III, V), fibril associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (XII and XIV), network forming collagens (IV, VI and VIII) as well as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) expressed in the stroma: decorin, biglycan, lumican, keratocan, and fibromodulin are some of the ECM components reviewed in this manuscript. There are spatial and temporal differences in the expression of these ECM components, as well as interactions among them that contribute to stromal function. Unique regions within the stroma like Bowman's layer and Descemet's layer are discussed. To define the complexity of corneal stroma composition and structure as well as the relationship to function is a daunting task. Our knowledge is expanding, and we expect that this review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge, definition of gaps and suggests future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar M Espana
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USA; Cornea, External Disease and Refractive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gremlich S, Roth-Kleiner M, Equey L, Fytianos K, Schittny JC, Cremona TP. Tenascin-C inactivation impacts lung structure and function beyond lung development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5118. [PMID: 32198404 PMCID: PMC7083919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix protein expressed at high levels during lung organogenesis. Later, TNC is only transiently de novo expressed to orchestrate tissue repair in pathological situations. We previously showed that TNC inactivation affects lung development and thus evaluated here the implications on lung function in newborn/adult mice. Respiratory function parameters were measured in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated wild-type (WT) and TNC-deficient mice at 5 (P5) and 90 (P90) days of age under basal conditions, as well as following high tidal volume (HTV) ventilation. At P5, TNC-deficient mice showed an increased static compliance (Cst) and inspiratory capacity (IC) relative to WT at baseline and throughout HTV. At P90, however, Cst and IC were only elevated at baseline. Control non-ventilated newborn and adult TNC-deficient mice showed similar lung morphology, but less alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) around small airways. SMA + cells were decreased by 50% in adult TNC-deficient lungs and collagen layer thickened around small airways. Increased surfactant protein C (SP-C) and altered TGFβ and TLR4 signaling pathways were also detected. Thus, TNC inactivation-related defects during organogenesis led to persisting functional impairment in adulthood. This might be of interest in the context of pulmonary diseases with thickened airway smooth muscle layer or ventilation heterogeneity, like asthma and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Gremlich
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department woman-mother-child, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Roth-Kleiner
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department woman-mother-child, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucile Equey
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department woman-mother-child, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kleanthis Fytianos
- Department of Bio-medical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gan Z, Yuan J, Liu X, Dong D, Li F, Li X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of deep- and shallow-water barnacle species (Cirripedia, Poecilasmatidae) provides insights into deep-sea adaptation of sessile crustaceans. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:240. [PMID: 32183697 PMCID: PMC7077169 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barnacles are specialized marine organisms that differ from other crustaceans in possession of a calcareous shell, which is attached to submerged surfaces. Barnacles have a wide distribution, mostly in the intertidal zone and shallow waters, but a few species inhabit the deep-sea floor. It is of interest to investigate how such sessile crustaceans became adapted to extreme deep-sea environments. We sequenced the transcriptomes of a deep-sea barnacle, Glyptelasma gigas collected at a depth of 731 m from the northern area of the Zhongjiannan Basin, and a shallow-water coordinal relative, Octolasmis warwicki. The purpose of this study was to provide genetic resources for investigating adaptation mechanisms of deep-sea barnacles. RESULTS Totals of 62,470 and 51,585 unigenes were assembled for G. gigas and O. warwicki, respectively, and functional annotation of these unigenes was made using public databases. Comparison of the protein-coding genes between the deep- and shallow-water barnacles, and with those of four other shallow-water crustaceans, revealed 26 gene families that had experienced significant expansion in G. gigas. Functional annotation showed that these expanded genes were predominately related to DNA repair, signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism. Base substitution analysis on the 11,611 single-copy orthologs between G. gigas and O. warwicki indicated that 25 of them were distinctly positive selected in the deep-sea barnacle, including genes related to transcription, DNA repair, ligand binding, ion channels and energy metabolism, potentially indicating their importance for survival of G. gigas in the deep-sea environment. CONCLUSIONS The barnacle G. gigas has adopted strategies of expansion of specific gene families and of positive selection of key genes to counteract the negative effects of high hydrostatic pressure, hypoxia, low temperature and food limitation on the deep-sea floor. These expanded gene families and genes under positive selection would tend to enhance the capacities of G. gigas for signal transduction, genetic information processing and energy metabolism, and facilitate networks for perceiving and responding physiologically to the environmental conditions in deep-sea habitats. In short, our results provide genomic evidence relating to deep-sea adaptation of G. gigas, which provide a basis for further biological studies of sessile crustaceans in the deep sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Gan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinming Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhu H, Fu J, Chen S, Li X, Liang H, Hou Y, Dou H. FC-99 reduces macrophage tenascin-C expression by upregulating miRNA-494 in arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106105. [PMID: 31881378 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The excessive production of inflammatory mediators by inflammatory cells contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Tenascin-C (TN-C) is expressed in rheumatoid joint, and is associated with levels of inflammatory mediators. FC-99 (N1-[(4-methoxy)methyl]-4-methyl-1,2-Benzenediamine), a novel 1,2-benzenediamine derivative, was previously reported to block the prolonged expression of key rheumatoid arthritis inflammatory cytokines and relieve zymosan-induced joint inflammation. However, the specific mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of FC-99 on TN-C expression and inflammation and investigate its possible molecular mechanism. The results showed that FC-99 treatment reduced the high expression of TN-C in ankle joints of arthritis mice. Besides, FC-99 reduced the increased number of macrophages in arthritis mice, while did not change the number of synovioblasts. Concomitantly, expression of TN-C in synovial fibroblasts exhibited no difference between control and ZIA groups, and was not apparently altered following FC-99 treatment, while FC-99 decreased TN-C expression in macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, TargetScan and luciferase assays indicated that TN-C was negatively regulated by miR-494. Transfection assay further demonstrated that FC-99 inhibited TN-C by targeting miR-494. Furthermore, the reduction of miR-494 mimic on expression of TN-C was associated with NF-κB pathway. Similarly, the down-regulation of FC-99 on TN-C was considerably decreased when NF-κB pathway was inhibited. These results indicated that FC-99 relieved macrophages inflammation via the miR-494/TN-C/NF-κB pathway, finally leading to the relief of inflammation in arthritis. The findings suggested that FC-99 might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Juanhua Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao G, Zhang Y, Chao Y, Niu C, Fu X, Wei J. miR-4735-3p regulates phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting HIF-1-mediated autophagy in intracranial aneurysm. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19432-19441. [PMID: 31498485 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is recognized as a lethal form of cerebrovascular disease mainly featured with a modulated phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). It is generally believed that enhanced SMC proliferation and migration capabilities are the main characteristics in this process. In this study, we revealed that microRNA-4735 (miR-4735) participates in phenotypic modulation in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-dependent manner of SMCs. miR-4735 targets the 3'-untranslated region of HIF-1. The downregulated expression of miR-4735 in IA tissues leads to elevated expression of HIF-1, which activates autophagy and promotes autophagy-mediated SMC proliferation and migration. Overexpression of miR-4735 suppressed HIF-1 expression and HIF-1-mediated autophagy, which led to impaired SMC proliferation and migration abilities. Forced expression of HIF-1 in miR-4735-overexpressed SMCs rescued the impaired SMC proliferation and migration abilities. In conclusion, miR-4735 plays an important role in phenotypic modulation in IA by regulating autophagy-promoted SMC proliferation and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yingjiu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xianming Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Scott LE, Weinberg SH, Lemmon CA. Mechanochemical Signaling of the Extracellular Matrix in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:135. [PMID: 31380370 PMCID: PMC6658819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a critical process in embryonic development in which epithelial cells undergo a transdifferentiation into mesenchymal cells. This process is essential for tissue patterning and organization, and it has also been implicated in a wide array of pathologies. While the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate EMT are well-understood, there is increasing evidence that the mechanical properties and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) also play a key role in regulating EMT. In turn, EMT drives changes in the mechanics and composition of the ECM, creating a feedback loop that is tightly regulated in healthy tissues, but is often dysregulated in disease. Here we present a review that summarizes our understanding of how ECM mechanics and composition regulate EMT, and how in turn EMT alters ECM mechanics and composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis E Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Seth H Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Christopher A Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Paul CD, Hruska A, Staunton JR, Burr HA, Daly KM, Kim J, Jiang N, Tanner K. Probing cellular response to topography in three dimensions. Biomaterials 2019; 197:101-118. [PMID: 30641262 PMCID: PMC6390976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical aspects of in vivo tissue microenvironments include microscale mechanical properties, fibrillar alignment, and architecture or topography of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These aspects act in concert with chemical signals from a myriad of diverse ECM proteins to provide cues that drive cellular responses. Here, we used a bottom-up approach to build fibrillar architecture into 3D amorphous hydrogels using magnetic-field driven assembly of paramagnetic colloidal particles functionalized with three types of human ECM proteins found in vivo. We investigated if cells cultured in matrices comprised of fibrils of the same size and arranged in similar geometries will show similar behavior for each of the ECM proteins tested. We were able to resolve spatial heterogeneities in microscale mechanical properties near aligned fibers that were not observed in bulk tissue mechanics. We then used this platform to examine factors contributing to cell alignment in response to topographical cues in 3D laminin-rich matrices. Multiple human cell lines extended protrusions preferentially in directions parallel or perpendicular to aligned fibers independently of the ECM coating. Focal adhesion proteins, as measured by paxillin localization, were mainly diffuse in the cytoplasm, with few puncta localized at the protrusions. Integrin β1 and fascin regulated protrusion extension but not protrusion alignment. Myosin II inhibition did not reduce observed protrusion length. Instead, cells with reduced myosin II activity generated protrusions in random orientations when cultured in hydrogels with aligned fibers. Similarly, myosin II dependence was observed in vivo, where cells no longer aligned along the abluminal surfaces of blood vessels upon treatment with blebbistatin. These data suggest that myosin II can regulate sensing of topography in 3D engineered matrices for both normal and transformed cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Paul
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Alex Hruska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Jack R Staunton
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Hannah A Burr
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Kathryn M Daly
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Nancy Jiang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ortega-Pierres MG, Argüello-García R. Giardia duodenalis: Role of secreted molecules as virulent factors in the cytotoxic effect on epithelial cells. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 106:129-169. [PMID: 31630757 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the course of giardiasis in humans and experimental models, G. duodenalis trophozoites express and secrete several proteins (ESPs) affecting structural, cellular and soluble components of the host intestinal milieu. These include the toxin-like molecules CRP136 and ESP58 that induce intestinal hyper-peristalsis. After the completion of the Giardia genome database and using up-to date transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, secreted 'virulence factors' have also been identified and experimentally characterized. This repertoire includes arginine deiminase (ADI) that competes for arginine, an important energy source for trophozoites, some high-cysteine membrane proteins (HCMPs) and VSP88, a versatile variant surface protein (VSP) that functions as an extracellular protease. Another giardial protein, enolase, moonlights as a metabolic enzyme that interacts with the fibrinolytic system and damages host epithelial cells. Other putative Giardia virulence factors are cysteine proteases that degrade multiple host components including mucin, villin, tight junction proteins, immunoglobulins, defensins and cytokines. One of these proteases, named giardipain-1, decreases transepithelial electrical resistance and induces apoptosis in epithelial cells. A putative role for tenascins, present in the Giardia's secretome, is interfering with the host epidermal growth factor. Based on the roles that these molecules play, drugs may be designed to interfere with their functions. This review presents a comprehensive description of secreted Giardia virulence factors. It further describes their cytotoxic mechanisms and roles in the pathophysiology of giardiasis, and then assesses their potential as targets for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Argüello-García
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tenascin-C secreted by equine mesenchymal stromal cells stimulate dermal fibroblast migration in vitro and contribute to wound healing in vivo. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1061-1076. [PMID: 30087008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cutaneous wound healing is common in humans, and treatments are often ineffective. Based on the significant emotional and economic burden of impaired wound healing, innovative therapies are needed. The potential of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-secreted factors to treat cutaneous wounds is an active area of research that is in need of refinement before effective clinical trials can be initiated. The aims of the present study were to (i) study which MSC-secreted factors stimulate dermal fibroblast (DF) migration in vitro and (ii) evaluate the potential of these factors to promote wound healing in vivo. METHODS To this end, MSCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy horses, a physiologically relevant large animal model appropriate for translational wound-healing studies. Conditioned medium (CM) from cultured equine MSCs was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify secreted proteins of interest. Double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) was used to silence the genes encoding selected proteins, and the effects of CM from these transfected MSCs on migration of cultured equine DF cells in vitro and full-thickness wounds in mice were evaluated. RESULTS We found that MSC-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tenascin-C significantly increased DF migration in vitro and improved wound healing in vivo by decreasing time to wound closure. DISCUSSION These results suggest that in a complex wound environment, MSC-secreted factors PAI-1 and tenascin-C contribute to the positive effect of therapeutically applied MSC CM on wound healing.
Collapse
|
23
|
Aktar R, Peiris M, Fikree A, Cibert-Goton V, Walmsley M, Tough IR, Watanabe P, Araujo EJA, Mohammed SD, Delalande JM, Bulmer DC, Scott SM, Cox HM, Voermans NC, Aziz Q, Blackshaw LA. The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-X regulates peripheral sensory and motor neurones. J Physiol 2018; 596:4237-4251. [PMID: 29917237 PMCID: PMC6117562 DOI: 10.1113/jp276300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Tenascin-X (TNX) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with anti-adhesive properties in skin and joints. Here we report the novel finding that TNX is expressed in human and mouse gut tissue where it is exclusive to specific subpopulations of neurones. Our studies with TNX-deficient mice show impaired defecation and neural control of distal colonic motility that can be rescued with a 5-HT4 receptor agonist. However, colonic secretion is unchanged. They are also susceptible to internal rectal intussusception. Colonic afferent sensitivity is increased in TNX-deficient mice. Correspondingly, there is increased density of and sensitivity of putative nociceptive fibres in TNX-deficient mucosa. A group of TNX-deficient patients report symptoms highly consistent with those in the mouse model. These findings suggest TNX plays entirely different roles in gut to non-visceral tissues - firstly a role in enteric motor neurones and secondly a role influencing nociceptive sensory neurones Studying further the mechanisms by which TNX influences neuronal function will lead to new targets for future treatment. ABSTRACT The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only an integral structural molecule, but is also critical for a wide range of cellular functions. The glycoprotein tenascin-X (TNX) predominates in the ECM of tissues like skin and regulates tissue structure through anti-adhesive interactions with collagen. Monogenic TNX deficiency causes painful joint hypermobility and skin hyperelasticity, symptoms characteristic of hypermobility Ehlers Danlos syndrome (hEDS). hEDS patients also report consistently increased visceral pain and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. We investigated whether there is a direct link between TNX deficiency and GI pain or motor dysfunction. We set out first to learn where TNX is expressed in human and mouse, then determine how GI function, specifically in the colon, is disordered in TNX-deficient mice and humans of either sex. In human and mouse tissue, TNX was predominantly associated with cholinergic colonic enteric neurones, which are involved in motor control. TNX was absent from extrinsic nociceptive peptidergic neurones. TNX-deficient mice had internal rectal prolapse and a loss of distal colonic contractility which could be rescued by prokinetic drug treatment. TNX-deficient patients reported increased sensory and motor GI symptoms including abdominal pain and constipation compared to controls. Despite absence of TNX from nociceptive colonic neurones, neuronal sprouting and hyper-responsiveness to colonic distension was observed in the TNX-deficient mice. We conclude that ECM molecules are not merely support structures but an integral part of the microenvironment particularly for specific populations of colonic motor neurones where TNX exerts functional influences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Aktar
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Madusha Peiris
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Asma Fikree
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Maxim Walmsley
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Iain R Tough
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Paulo Watanabe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Histology, Centre for Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J A Araujo
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Histology, Centre for Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - David C Bulmer
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - S Mark Scott
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen M Cox
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Nicol C Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Impact of Acellular Dermal Matrix on Postsurgical Wound Fluid Biomarkers in Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 2018; 81:S89-S96. [PMID: 29851721 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread practice of using biologic scaffolds for soft tissue reinforcement over prosthetic implants, the impact of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) on surgical wound fluid biomarkers over the initial postoperative period after prosthetic breast reconstruction remains poorly understood. METHODS Patients undergoing prosthetic breast reconstruction surgery where ADM was likely to be used were consented to have fluid samples collected from surgical drains after surgery. Sample collections occurred at an "Early" time point at 24 to 48 hours after surgery and then a "Late" time point approximately 1 to 2 weeks after surgery. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon. Acellular dermal matrix was placed when prosthetic coverage with autologous tissue could not be achieved. Laboratory analyses were performed in blinded fashion without the knowledge of whether the samples came from the ADM "Present" or "Not Present" group. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were in the ADM Present group and 18 patients were in the Not Present group. Both groups showed similar demographics based on age and body mass index. Analyses for cell concentration, protein concentration, extracellular matrix protein levels, cell proliferation activity, and matrix metalloproteinase activity showed no significant differences between wound fluid samples from the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS The presence of ADM does not appear to significantly impact wound biomarkers in prosthetic breast reconstruction. The current study provides useful data regarding the impact of ADM on surgical wound fluid during the initial postoperative period, laying important groundwork for more extensive future studies on the impact of biologic scaffolds on wound biology.
Collapse
|
25
|
Centeno EGZ, Cimarosti H, Bithell A. 2D versus 3D human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cultures for neurodegenerative disease modelling. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:27. [PMID: 29788997 PMCID: PMC5964712 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affect millions of people every year and so far, there are no therapeutic cures available. Even though animal and histological models have been of great aid in understanding disease mechanisms and identifying possible therapeutic strategies, in order to find disease-modifying solutions there is still a critical need for systems that can provide more predictive and physiologically relevant results. One possible avenue is the development of patient-derived models, e.g. by reprogramming patient somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which can then be differentiated into any cell type for modelling. These systems contain key genetic information from the donors, and therefore have enormous potential as tools in the investigation of pathological mechanisms underlying disease phenotype, and progression, as well as in drug testing platforms. hiPSCs have been widely cultured in 2D systems, but in order to mimic human brain complexity, 3D models have been proposed as a more advanced alternative. This review will focus on the use of patient-derived hiPSCs to model AD, PD, HD and ALS. In brief, we will cover the available stem cells, types of 2D and 3D culture systems, existing models for neurodegenerative diseases, obstacles to model these diseases in vitro, and current perspectives in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda G Z Centeno
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96160-000, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Helena Cimarosti
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Angela Bithell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mehta BB, Tiwari A, Sharma S, Shukla A, Sharma M, Vasishta RK, Sen RK, Sharma A, Luthra-Guptasarma M. Amelioration of collagen antibody induced arthritis in mice by an antibody directed against the fibronectin type III repeats of tenascin-C: Targeting fibronectin type III repeats of tenascin-C in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29529488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TN-C) levels are elevated in the synovial tissue and fluid, as well as cartilage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In addition, the presence of TN-C fragments has also been documented in arthritic cartilage. We have previously shown that a single chain variable fragment antibody (TN64), directed against the fibronectin type III repeats 1-5 (TNfnIII 1-5) of TN-C, effectively inhibits fibrotic pathology. Given that fibrosis results from chronic inflammation, and the fact that increased levels of TN-C in the synovial fluid of patients with RA contributes to synovial inflammation and joint destruction, we aimed to investigate the role of TNfnIII 1-5 region of TN-C in RA pathogenesis. Using either the wild type or variants of the two integrin-binding motifs (RGD and AEIDGIEL) present within the TNfnIII 1-5 polypeptide, we demonstrate that the adhesion and migration of synovial fibroblasts is RGD-dependent. The antibody TN64 is effective in inhibiting migration of cells in response to TnfnIII 1-5, and prevents fibroblast-mediated destruction of cartilage. The TN64 antibody was further tested in collagen antibody induced arthritic (CAIA) mice. Our data shows the efficacy of TN64 in preventing induction of arthritis, with significant downregulation of RA-associated cytokines. This suggests that components of the extracellular matrix such as the TNfnIII 1-5 region of TN-C could be exploited to develop therapies to suppress inflammation seen in RA. The TN64 antibody is one such promising candidate in the development of novel treatments for RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil Tiwari
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Saniya Sharma
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ashu Shukla
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Maryada Sharma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh K Vasishta
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ramesh K Sen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lovati AB, Corradetti B, Cremonesi F, Bizzaro D, Consiglio AL. Tenogenic Differentiation of Equine Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells under Indirect Co-Culture. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881203501105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna B. Lovati
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Reproduction Unit, Lodi - Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan - Italy
| | - Bruna Corradetti
- Polytechnic University of the Marche, Environmental and Life Sciences Department, Ancona - Italy
| | - Fausto Cremonesi
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Reproduction Unit, Lodi - Italy
| | - Davide Bizzaro
- Polytechnic University of the Marche, Environmental and Life Sciences Department, Ancona - Italy
| | - Anna Lange Consiglio
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Reproduction Unit, Lodi - Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zuliani-Alvarez L, Marzeda AM, Deligne C, Schwenzer A, McCann FE, Marsden BD, Piccinini AM, Midwood KS. Mapping tenascin-C interaction with toll-like receptor 4 reveals a new subset of endogenous inflammatory triggers. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1595. [PMID: 29150600 PMCID: PMC5693923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition underpins innate immunity; the accurate identification of danger, including infection, injury, or tumor, is key to an appropriately targeted immune response. Pathogen detection is increasingly well defined mechanistically, but the discrimination of endogenous inflammatory triggers remains unclear. Tenascin-C, a matrix protein induced upon tissue damage and expressed by tumors, activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated sterile inflammation. Here we map three sites within tenascin-C that directly and cooperatively interact with TLR4. We also identify a conserved inflammatory epitope in related proteins from diverse families, and demonstrate that its presence targets molecules for TLR detection, while its absence enables escape of innate immune surveillance. These data reveal a unique molecular code that defines endogenous proteins as inflammatory stimuli by marking them for recognition by TLRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anna M Marzeda
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Claire Deligne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Fiona E McCann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anna M Piccinini
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kim S Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Labrousse-Arias D, Martínez-Ruiz A, Calzada MJ. Hypoxia and Redox Signaling on Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: From Mechanisms to Pathological Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:802-822. [PMID: 28715969 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential modulator of cell behavior that influences tissue organization. It has a strong relevance in homeostasis and translational implications for human disease. In addition to ECM structural proteins, matricellular proteins are important regulators of the ECM that are involved in a myriad of different pathologies. Recent Advances: Biochemical studies, animal models, and study of human diseases have contributed to the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in remodeling of the ECM, both in homeostasis and disease. Some of them might help in the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to review what is known about some of the most studied matricellular proteins and their regulation by hypoxia and redox signaling, as well as the pathological implications of such regulation. CRITICAL ISSUES Matricellular proteins have complex regulatory functions and are modulated by hypoxia and redox signaling through diverse mechanisms, in some cases with controversial effects that can be cell or tissue specific and context dependent. Therefore, a better understanding of these regulatory processes would be of great benefit and will open new avenues of considerable therapeutic potential. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterizing the specific molecular mechanisms that modulate matricellular proteins in pathological processes that involve hypoxia and redox signaling warrants additional consideration to harness the potential therapeutic value of these regulatory proteins. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 802-822.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Labrousse-Arias
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Calzada
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,3 Departmento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Valdivieso P, Toigo M, Hoppeler H, Flück M. T/T homozygosity of the tenascin-C gene polymorphism rs2104772 negatively influences exercise-induced angiogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174864. [PMID: 28384286 PMCID: PMC5383042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical stress, including blood pressure related factors, up-regulate expression of the pro-angiogenic extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that increased capillarization of skeletal muscle with the repeated augmentation in perfusion during endurance training is associated with blood vessel-related expression of tenascin-C and would be affected by the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2104772, which characterizes the non-synonymous exchange of thymidine (T)-to-adenosine (A) in the amino acid codon 1677 of tenascin-C. METHODS Sixty-one healthy, untrained, male white participants of Swiss descent performed thirty 30-min bouts of endurance exercise on consecutive weekdays using a cycling ergometer. Genotype and training interactions were called significant at Bonferroni-corrected p-value of 5% (repeated measures ANOVA). RESULTS Endurance training increased capillary-to-fiber-ratio (+11%), capillary density (+7%), and mitochondrial volume density (+30%) in m. vastus lateralis. Tenascin-C protein expression in this muscle was confined to arterioles and venules (80% of cases) and increased after training in A-allele carriers. Prior to training, volume densities of subsarcolemmal and myofibrillar mitochondria in m. vastus lateralis muscle were 49% and 18%, respectively, higher in A/A homozygotes relative to T-nucleotide carriers (A/T and T/T). Training specifically increased capillary-to-fiber ratio in A-nucleotide carriers but not in T/T homozygotes. Genotype specific regulation of angiogenesis was reflected by the expression response of 8 angiogenesis-associated transcripts after exercise, and confirmed by training-induced alterations of the shear stress related factors, vimentin and VEGF A. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence for a negative influence of T/T homozygosity in rs2104772 on capillary remodeling with endurance exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Toigo
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Hoppeler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ischemic injury leads to extracellular matrix alterations in retina and optic nerve. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43470. [PMID: 28262779 PMCID: PMC5338032 DOI: 10.1038/srep43470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia occurs in a variety of eye diseases. Restrained blood flow induces retinal damage, which leads to progressive optic nerve degeneration and vision loss. Previous studies indicate that extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents play an important role in complex tissues, such as retina and optic nerve. They have great impact on de- and regeneration processes and represent major candidates of central nervous system glial scar formation. Nevertheless, the importance of the ECM during ischemic retina and optic nerve neurodegeneration is not fully understood yet. In this study, we analyzed remodeling of the extracellular glycoproteins fibronectin, laminin, tenascin-C and tenascin-R and the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) aggrecan, brevican and phosphacan/RPTPβ/ζ in retinae and optic nerves of an ischemia/reperfusion rat model via quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. A variety of ECM constituents were dysregulated in the retina and optic nerve after ischemia. Regarding fibronectin, significantly elevated mRNA and protein levels were observed in the retina following ischemia, while laminin and tenascin-C showed enhanced immunoreactivity in the optic nerve after ischemia. Interestingly, CSPGs displayed significantly increased expression levels in the optic nerve. Our study demonstrates a dynamic expression of ECM molecules following retinal ischemia, which strengthens their regulatory role during neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
32
|
Thakur R, Mishra DP. Matrix reloaded: CCN, tenascin and SIBLING group of matricellular proteins in orchestrating cancer hallmark capabilities. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 168:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
33
|
Li M, Riddle S, Zhang H, D'Alessandro A, Flockton A, Serkova NJ, Hansen KC, Moldovan R, McKeon BA, Frid M, Kumar S, Li H, Liu H, Caánovas A, Medrano JF, Thomas MG, Iloska D, Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Ježek P, Pullamsetti S, Fini MA, El Kasmi KC, Zhang Q, Stenmark KR. Metabolic Reprogramming Regulates the Proliferative and Inflammatory Phenotype of Adventitial Fibroblasts in Pulmonary Hypertension Through the Transcriptional Corepressor C-Terminal Binding Protein-1. Circulation 2016; 134:1105-1121. [PMID: 27562971 PMCID: PMC5069179 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in metabolism have been suggested to contribute to the aberrant phenotype of vascular wall cells, including fibroblasts, in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, we test the hypothesis that metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis is a critical adaptation of fibroblasts in the hypertensive vessel wall that drives proliferative and proinflammatory activation through a mechanism involving increased activity of the NADH-sensitive transcriptional corepressor C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1). METHODS RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction,13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence-lifetime imaging, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, and tracing experiments with U-13C-glucose were used to assess glycolytic reprogramming and to measure the NADH/NAD+ ratio in bovine and human adventitial fibroblasts and mouse lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess CtBP1 expression in the whole-lung tissues. CtBP1 siRNA and the pharmacological inhibitor 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyric acid (MTOB) were used to abrogate CtBP1 activity in cells and hypoxic mice. RESULTS We found that adventitial fibroblasts from calves with severe hypoxia-induced PH and humans with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH-Fibs) displayed aerobic glycolysis when cultured under normoxia, accompanied by increased free NADH and NADH/NAD+ ratios. Expression of the NADH sensor CtBP1 was increased in vivo and in vitro in fibroblasts within the pulmonary adventitia of humans with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and animals with PH and cultured PH-Fibs, respectively. Decreasing NADH pharmacologically with MTOB or genetically blocking CtBP1 with siRNA upregulated the cyclin-dependent genes (p15 and p21) and proapoptotic regulators (NOXA and PERP), attenuated proliferation, corrected the glycolytic reprogramming phenotype of PH-Fibs, and augmented transcription of the anti-inflammatory gene HMOX1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that CtBP1 directly binds the HMOX1 promoter. Treatment of hypoxic mice with MTOB decreased glycolysis and expression of inflammatory genes, attenuated proliferation, and suppressed macrophage numbers and remodeling in the distal pulmonary vasculature. CONCLUSIONS CtBP1 is a critical factor linking changes in cell metabolism to cell phenotype in hypoxic and other forms of PH and a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Suzette Riddle
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Amanda Flockton
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Radu Moldovan
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - B Alexandre McKeon
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Maria Frid
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Sushil Kumar
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Hong Li
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Hongbing Liu
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Angela Caánovas
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Juan F Medrano
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Milton G Thomas
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Dijana Iloska
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Petr Ježek
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Soni Pullamsetti
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - QingHong Zhang
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.)
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- From Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (M.L., S.R., H.Z., A.F., B.A.M., M.F., S.K., M.A.F., K.R.S.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource (A.D., K.C.H.), Department of Anesthesiology (N.J.S.), Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility (R.M.), Department of Dermatology (H.L., H.L., Q.Z.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (K.C.E.K.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (L.P.-H., P.J.); Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (D.I., S.P.); Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (A.C.); Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis (J.F.M.); and Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (M.G.T.).
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ackermann M, Liebhaber S, Klusmann JH, Lachmann N. Lost in translation: pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoiesis. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1388-402. [PMID: 26174486 PMCID: PMC4644373 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells represent a promising cell type to gain novel insights into human biology. Understanding the differentiation process of PSCs in vitro may allow for the identification of cell extrinsic/intrinsic factors, driving the specification process toward all cell types of the three germ layers, which may be similar to the human in vivo scenario. This would not only lay the ground for an improved understanding of human embryonic development but would also contribute toward the generation of novel cell types used in cell replacement therapies. In this line, especially the developmental process of mesodermal cells toward the hematopoietic lineage is of great interest. Therefore, this review highlights recent progress in the field of hematopoietic specification of pluripotent stem cell sources. In addition, we would like to shed light on emerging factors controlling primitive and definitive hematopoietic development and to highlight recent approaches to improve the differentiation potential of PSC sources toward hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. While the generation of fully defined hematopoietic stem cells from PSCs remains challenging in vitro, we here underline the instructive role of cell extrinsic factors such as cytokines for the generation of PSC-derived mature hematopoietic cells. Thus, we have comprehensively examined the role of cytokines for the derivation of mature hematopoietic cell types such as macrophages, granulocytes, megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, dendritic cells, and cells of the B- and T-cell lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mania Ackermann
- RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steffi Liebhaber
- RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Nico Lachmann
- RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tang XH, Urvalek AM, Osei-Sarfo K, Zhang T, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. Gene expression profiling signatures for the diagnosis and prevention of oral cavity carcinogenesis-genome-wide analysis using RNA-seq technology. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24424-35. [PMID: 26110572 PMCID: PMC4695195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the changes in global gene expression between an early stage (the termination of the carcinogen treatment and prior to the appearance of frank tumors) and a late stage (frank squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)) of tongue carcinogenesis induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) in a mouse model of human oral cavity and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gene ontology and pathway analyses show that increases in “cell cycle progression” and “degradation of basement membrane and ECM pathways” are early events during SCC carcinogenesis and that changes in these pathways are even greater in the actual tumors. Myc, NFκB complex (NFKB1/RELA), and FOS transcription networks are the major transcriptional networks induced in early stage tongue carcinogenesis. Decreases in metabolism pathways, such as in “tricarboxylic acid cycle” and “oxidative phosphorylation”, occurred only in the squamous cell carcinomas and not in the early stages of carcinogenesis. We detected increases in ALDH1A3, PTGS2, and KRT1 transcripts in both the early and late stages of carcinogenesis. The identification of the transcripts and pathways that change at an early stage of carcinogenesis provides potentially useful information for early diagnosis and for prevention strategies for human tongue squamous cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison M Urvalek
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kwame Osei-Sarfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li D, Liu Q, Qi L, Dai X, Liu H, Wang Y. Low levels of TGF-β1 enhance human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell fibronectin production and extend survival time in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1681-92. [PMID: 27357811 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cellular source for cell‑based therapy, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the use of MSCs is limited by their low incorporation rate in the graft environment. The majority of cells are lost from the graft within 1 month, due to reduced microenvironment or local inflammation at the graft site. The extracellular matrix (ECM) may assist the survival and expansion of MSCs. The present study aimed to identify an effective approach to increase ECM expression levels by MSCs in order to enhance the therapeutic effect and survival rate of MSCs at the injury site. The concentration‑dependent effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 on human umbilical cord (hUC)‑MSC proliferation and expression of ECM genes was investigated. MSCs were successfully isolated, cultured and expanded from hUC. A low concentration of TGF‑β1 (0.1 ng/ml) exhibited the optimal effect on hUC‑MSC proliferation and markedly stimulated the expression of ECM genes, particularly fibronectin (FN). Furthermore, treatment with TGF‑β1 caused no alteration in the immunophenotype and differentiation capacity of MSCs. In vivo experiments in rats demonstrated that intravenous injection of control UC-MSCs or TGF-β1-pre-treated UC-MSCs reduced the severity of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury, assessed using histology, measurements of the wet‑dry lung weight ratio, and neutrophil count and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. However, the short‑term (48 h) therapeutic effects of untreated and TGF‑β1‑pre‑treated UC‑MSCs were similar. The survival of MSCs in damaged lungs, determined by Sry gene expression levels, were significantly increased in MSCs pre‑treated with TGF‑β1. In conclusion, pre‑treatment of MSCs with a low concentration of TGF‑β1 enhanced the expression of ECM components, particularly FN, thus, improving the survival and potential therapeutic benefits of MSCs. Pre‑treatment of MSCs with TGF‑β1 may prolong the effective therapy time and represent an efficient therapeutic approach for tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qingshen Liu
- First Department of Surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qi
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Theocharis AD, Skandalis SS, Gialeli C, Karamanos NK. Extracellular matrix structure. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:4-27. [PMID: 26562801 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1365] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network composed of collagens, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, and several other glycoproteins. Matrix components bind each other as well as cell adhesion receptors forming a complex network into which cells reside in all tissues and organs. Cell surface receptors transduce signals into cells from ECM, which regulate diverse cellular functions, such as survival, growth, migration, and differentiation, and are vital for maintaining normal homeostasis. ECM is a highly dynamic structural network that continuously undergoes remodeling mediated by several matrix-degrading enzymes during normal and pathological conditions. Deregulation of ECM composition and structure is associated with the development and progression of several pathologic conditions. This article emphasizes in the complex ECM structure as to provide a better understanding of its dynamic structural and functional multipotency. Where relevant, the implication of the various families of ECM macromolecules in health and disease is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Chrysostomi Gialeli
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece; Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine Malmö, Lund University, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rienks M, Papageorgiou AP. Novel regulators of cardiac inflammation: Matricellular proteins expand their repertoire. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
39
|
Hoffmann LS, Kretschmer A, Lawrenz B, Hocher B, Stasch JP. Chronic Activation of Heme Free Guanylate Cyclase Leads to Renal Protection in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145048. [PMID: 26717150 PMCID: PMC4700984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophasphate (cGMP)-signalling pathway is impaired under oxidative stress conditions due to oxidation and subsequent loss of the prosthetic sGC heme group as observed in particular in chronic renal failure. Thus, the pool of heme free sGC is increased under pathological conditions. sGC activators such as cinaciguat selectively activate the heme free form of sGC and target the disease associated enzyme. In this study, a therapeutic effect of long-term activation of heme free sGC by the sGC activator cinaciguat was investigated in an experimental model of salt-sensitive hypertension, a condition that is associated with increased oxidative stress, heme loss from sGC and development of chronic renal failure. For that purpose Dahl/ss rats, which develop severe hypertension upon high salt intake, were fed a high salt diet (8% NaCl) containing either placebo or cinaciguat for 21 weeks. Cinaciguat markedly improved survival and ameliorated the salt-induced increase in blood pressure upon treatment with cinaciguat compared to placebo. Renal function was significantly improved in the cinaciguat group compared to the placebo group as indicated by a significantly improved glomerular filtration rate and reduced urinary protein excretion. This was due to anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the cinaciguat treatment. Taken together, this is the first study showing that long-term activation of heme free sGC leads to renal protection in an experimental model of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. These results underline the promising potential of cinaciguat to treat renal diseases by targeting the disease associated heme free form of sGC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Hoffmann
- Pharma Research Centre, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Axel Kretschmer
- Pharma Research Centre, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bettina Lawrenz
- Pharma Research Centre, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Instute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, and IFLb Laboratoriumsmedizin Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Pharma Research Centre, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle an der Saale, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cho A, Howell VM, Colvin EK. The Extracellular Matrix in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer - A Piece of a Puzzle. Front Oncol 2015; 5:245. [PMID: 26579497 PMCID: PMC4629462 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women and the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral component of both the normal and tumor microenvironment. ECM composition varies between tissues and is crucial for maintaining normal function and homeostasis. Dysregulation and aberrant deposition or loss of ECM components is implicated in ovarian cancer progression. The mechanisms by which tumor cells induce ECM remodeling to promote a malignant phenotype are yet to be elucidated. A thorough understanding of the role of the ECM in ovarian cancer is needed for the development of effective biomarkers and new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cho
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Viive M. Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily K. Colvin
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiang YY, Park JK, Yoon HH, Choi H, Kim CW, Seo YK. Enhancing proliferation and ECM expression of human ACL fibroblasts by sonic vibration. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 45:476-90. [PMID: 24842289 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.923444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Effects of mechanical vibration on cell activity and behavior remain controversial: There has been evidence on both positive and negative effects. Furthermore, research on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has as yet been limited and the frequency-related effects remain unknown, even though ACL injury is common and an injured ACL hardly spontaneously recovers. The object of this work was to address the influence of mechanical vibration on ACL fibroblasts, to determine the effects of frequencies, and to further study this effect at the cellular level. We found that sonic vibration affected ACL fibroblasts' proliferation and metabolism in a frequency-dependent manner, and 20 Hz gave rise to the most ACL cell activity and comprehensively increased extracellular matrix (ECM) contents, including collagen type I, collagen type III, fibronectin, elastin, tenascin, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and the cytoskeleton protein vimentin. Thus, our results indicate that sonic vibration possesses frequency-dependent effects on proliferation and productivity of ACL fibroblast with an optimal frequency of 20 Hz under the present stimulation conditions, providing further information for future research in how vibrational stimulation manipulates ACL cellular behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Jiang
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , Dongguk University , Seoul , Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Secretome Identifies Tenascin-X as a Potent Marker of Ovarian Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:208017. [PMID: 26090390 PMCID: PMC4450242 DOI: 10.1155/2015/208017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CA-125 has been a valuable marker for the follow-up of ovarian cancer patients but it is not sensitive enough to be used as diagnostic marker. We had already used secretomic methods to identify proteins differentially secreted by serous ovarian cancer cells compared to healthy ovarian cells. Here, we evaluated the secretion of these proteins by ovarian cancer cells during the follow-up of one patient. Proteins that correlated with CA-125 levels were screened using serum samples from ovarian cancer patients as well as benign and healthy controls. Tenascin-X secretion was shown to correlate with CA-125 value in the initial case study. The immunohistochemical detection of increased amount of tenascin-X in ovarian cancer tissues compared to healthy tissues confirms the potent interest in tenascin-X as marker. We then quantified the tenascin-X level in serum of patients and identified tenascin-X as potent marker for ovarian cancer, showing that secretomic analysis is suitable for the identification of protein biomarkers when combined with protein immunoassay. Using this method, we determined tenascin-X as a new potent marker for serous ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ganjare A, Bagul N, Kathariya R, Oberoi J. ‘Cell junctions of oral mucosa’- in a nutshell. QSCIENCE CONNECT 2015. [DOI: 10.5339/connect.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional complexes are specialized contacts between neighboring cells and between cells and the extracellular matrix. They play an important role in embryogenesis, growth and development, as well as being the cause of pathologies. These contacts lead to a number of different interactions that have a profound effect on cellular biology. Cell junctions are best visualized using conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, which reveals the interacting plasma membranes are highly specialized in these regions.
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are proteins responsible for homophillic and heterophillic adhesions. They consist of various groups, including cadherins, selectins and intergrins and they facilitate cell adhesion, cell signaling, and motility. Dysregulation of these molecules can lead to various pathologies, for example mucocutaneous diseases and invasion of cancer. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of cell junctions and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Ganjare
- 1Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune-18, India
| | - Neeta Bagul
- 1Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune-18, India
| | - Rahul Kathariya
- 2Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Dr. D. Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune-18, India
| | - Jyoti Oberoi
- 3Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dr. D. Y Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai- 400706, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Orak U, Celik E, Kavak SB, Demirel İ, Atilgan R, Aydin S, Sapmaz E. Tenascin C levels in patients with mild and severe preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:270-3. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.998191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Orak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat Medical Center, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey,
| | - Ebru Celik
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Special Medical Park Hospital, Elazig, Turkey,
| | - Salih Burcin Kavak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat Medical Center, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey,
| | | | - Remzi Atilgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat Medical Center, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey,
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Sapmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat Medical Center, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Uenishi G, Theisen D, Lee JH, Kumar A, Raymond M, Vodyanik M, Swanson S, Stewart R, Thomson J, Slukvin I. Tenascin C promotes hematoendothelial development and T lymphoid commitment from human pluripotent stem cells in chemically defined conditions. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:1073-84. [PMID: 25448067 PMCID: PMC4263995 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of hemogenic endothelium (HE) in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures presents opportunities to investigate signaling pathways that are essential for blood development from endothelium and provides an exploratory platform for de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the use of poorly defined human or animal components limits the utility of the current differentiation systems for studying specific growth factors required for HE induction and manufacturing clinical-grade therapeutic blood cells. Here, we identified chemically defined conditions required to produce HE from hPSCs growing in Essential 8 (E8) medium and showed that Tenascin C (TenC), an extracellular matrix protein associated with HSC niches, strongly promotes HE and definitive hematopoiesis in this system. hPSCs differentiated in chemically defined conditions undergo stages of development similar to those previously described in hPSCs cocultured on OP9 feeders, including the formation of VE-Cadherin+CD73−CD235a/CD43− HE and hematopoietic progenitors with myeloid and T lymphoid potential. Hemogenic endothelium is generated in a completely defined xenogen-free system The system reproduces all stages of hematopoietic development Tenascin C enhances hematoendothelial development from pluripotent stem cells Tenesacin C uniquely supports T cell specification
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gene Uenishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Derek Theisen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jeong-Hee Lee
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Matt Raymond
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Maxim Vodyanik
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA
| | - James Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Igor Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cartilage differentiation in ependymoma: histogenetic considerations on a new case. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:1301-5. [PMID: 24448879 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cartilage in gliomas is a very unusual finding and has been mainly reported in ependymomas and in astrocytomas. A derivation of cartilage from neuroepithelial cells through a neuroepithelial-mesenchymal transition or directly from blood vessel-associated multipotent stromal elements has been proposed. We herein describe a further case of ependymoma with the presence of cartilage in a child affected by a tumor in the posterior fossa. In this case, only the last recurrence, characterized by focal areas of anaplasia, contained a nodule of cartilage. The immunohistochemical expression of fibronectin, tenascin-C, and CD44 was investigated, and the possible role of these molecules in the process of cartilage formation is discussed. Moreover, the literature on the subject is reviewed.
Collapse
|
47
|
Tanaka R, Seki Y, Saito Y, Kamiya S, Fujita M, Okutsu H, Iyoda T, Takai T, Owaki T, Yajima H, Taira J, Hayashi R, Kodama H, Matsunaga T, Fukai F. Tenascin-C-derived peptide TNIIIA2 highly enhances cell survival and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-dependent cell proliferation through potentiated and sustained activation of integrin α5β1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17699-708. [PMID: 24808173 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.546622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C is an adhesion modulatory matrix protein that is highly expressed in tumors; however, its biochemical activity involved in tumorigenesis is not fully understood. On the other hand, increasing evidence indicates the importance of integrin α5β1 in cancer development. We previously demonstrated that tenascin-C harbors a functional site that can be released as a proadhesive peptide such as TNIIIA2. Peptide TNIIIA2 is capable of inducing activation of β1-integrins including α5β1 via syndecan-4. In this study the proadhesive effect of TNIIIA2 was characterized by potentiated and sustained activation of integrin α5β1. Based on this effect, TNIIIA2 rendered nontransformed fibroblasts (NIH3T3) resistant to serum deprivation-elicited anoikis through activation of the Akt/Bcl-2 pathway. Moreover, TNIIIA2 hyperstimulated PDGF-dependent proliferation of NIH3T3 by activating integrin α5β1. Tenascin-C, a parental protein of TNIIIA2, also stimulated PDGF-dependent proliferation, which was blocked by a matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 inhibitor and an anti-TNIIIA2 function-blocking antibody, suggesting proteolytic exposure of the proadhesive effect of TNIIIA2. Mechanistic analyses revealed that TNIIIA2 induced a lateral association of PDGF receptor β with the molecular complex of activated integrin α5β1 and syndecan-4 in the membrane microdomains enriched with cholesterol/caveolin-1, resulting in prolonged activation of PDGF receptor β and the subsequent Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in a PDGF-dependent manner. Of note, TNIIIA2 induced continuous proliferation in NIH3T3 in an integrin α5β1-dependent manner even after they formed a confluent monolayer. Thus, it was proposed that tenascin-C might be involved in deregulated cell growth through potentiated and sustained activation of integrin α5β1 after exposure of the proadhesive effect of TNIIIA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Tanaka
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seki
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yohei Saito
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Kamiya
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane-shi, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
| | - Motomichi Fujita
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okutsu
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Iyoda
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takai
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Owaki
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junichi Taira
- Department of Chemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ryo Hayashi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 849-0922, Japan, and
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 849-0922, Japan, and
| | - Takuya Matsunaga
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- From the Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rienks M, Papageorgiou AP, Frangogiannis NG, Heymans S. Myocardial extracellular matrix: an ever-changing and diverse entity. Circ Res 2014; 114:872-88. [PMID: 24577967 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex architectural network consisting of structural and nonstructural proteins, creating strength and plasticity. The nonstructural compartment of the ECM houses a variety of proteins, which are vital for ECM plasticity, and can be divided into 3 major groups: glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. The common denominator for these groups is glycosylation, which refers to the decoration of proteins or lipids with sugars. This review will discuss the fundamental role of the matrix in cardiac development, homeostasis, and remodeling, from a glycobiology point of view. Glycoproteins (eg, thrombospondins, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, tenascins), proteoglycans (eg, versican, syndecans, biglycan), and glycosaminoglycans (eg, hyaluronan, heparan sulfate) are upregulated on cardiac injury and regulate key processes in the remodeling myocardium such as inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Albeit some parallels can be made regarding the processes these proteins are involved in, their specific functions are extremely diverse. In fact, under varying conditions, individual proteins can even have opposing functions, making spatiotemporal contribution of these proteins in the rearrangement of multifaceted ECM very hard to grasp. Alterations of protein characteristics by the addition of sugars may explain the immense, yet tightly regulated, variability of the remodeling cardiac matrix. Understanding the role of glycosylation in altering the ultimate function of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in the myocardium may lead to the development of new biochemical structures or compounds with great therapeutic potential for patients with heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Rienks
- From Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Large, stratified, and mechanically functional human cartilage grown in vitro by mesenchymal condensation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:6940-5. [PMID: 24778247 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1324050111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efforts to grow mechanically functional cartilage from human mesenchymal stem cells have not been successful. We report that clinically sized pieces of human cartilage with physiologic stratification and biomechanics can be grown in vitro by recapitulating some aspects of the developmental process of mesenchymal condensation. By exposure to transforming growth factor-β, mesenchymal stem cells were induced to condense into cellular bodies, undergo chondrogenic differentiation, and form cartilagenous tissue, in a process designed to mimic mesenchymal condensation leading into chondrogenesis. We discovered that the condensed mesenchymal cell bodies (CMBs) formed in vitro set an outer boundary after 5 d of culture, as indicated by the expression of mesenchymal condensation genes and deposition of tenascin. Before setting of boundaries, the CMBs could be fused into homogenous cellular aggregates giving rise to well-differentiated and mechanically functional cartilage. We used the mesenchymal condensation and fusion of CMBs to grow centimeter-sized, anatomically shaped pieces of human articular cartilage over 5 wk of culture. For the first time to our knowledge biomechanical properties of cartilage derived from human mesenchymal cells were comparable to native cartilage, with the Young's modulus of >800 kPa and equilibrium friction coeffcient of <0.3. We also demonstrate that CMBs have capability to form mechanically strong cartilage-cartilage interface in an in vitro cartilage defect model. The CMBs, which acted as "lego-like" blocks of neocartilage, were capable of assembling into human cartilage with physiologic-like structure and mechanical properties.
Collapse
|
50
|
Scheyer ET, Nevins ML, Neiva R, Cochran DL, Giannobile WV, Woo SB, King WN, Spitznagel JK, Bates D, McGuire MK. Generation of Site-Appropriate Tissue by a Living Cellular Sheet in the Treatment of Mucogingival Defects. J Periodontol 2014; 85:e57-64. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|