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Hayashi T, Kobayashi S, Hirano J, Murakami K. Human norovirus cultivation systems and their use in antiviral research. J Virol 2024; 98:e0166323. [PMID: 38470106 PMCID: PMC11019851 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01663-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diseases, affecting all age groups. Despite its clinical needs, no approved antiviral therapies are available. Since the discovery of HuNoV in 1972, studies on anti-norovirals, mechanism of HuNoV infection, viral inactivation, etc., have been hampered by the lack of a robust laboratory-based cultivation system for HuNoV. A recent breakthrough in the development of HuNoV cultivation systems has opened opportunities for researchers to investigate HuNoV biology in the context of de novo HuNoV infections. A tissue stem cell-derived human intestinal organoid/enteroid (HIO) culture system is one of those that supports HuNoV replication reproducibly and, to our knowledge, is most widely distributed to laboratories worldwide to study HuNoV and develop therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes recently developed HuNoV cultivation systems, including HIO, and their use in antiviral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakura Kobayashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junki Hirano
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Murakami
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Hernández-Guzmán J, Arias CF, López S, Sandoval-Jaime C. Nucleolin-RNA interaction modulates rotavirus replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0167723. [PMID: 38240590 PMCID: PMC10878083 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01677-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide; the genome of this virus is composed of 11 segments of dsRNA packed in a triple-layered protein capsid. Here, we investigated the role of nucleolin, a protein with diverse RNA-binding domains, in rotavirus infection. Knocking down the expression of nucleolin in MA104 cells by RNA interference resulted in a remarkable 6.3-fold increase in the production of infectious rhesus rotavirus (RRV) progeny, accompanied by an elevated synthesis of viral mRNA and genome copies. Further analysis unveiled an interaction between rotavirus segment 10 (S10) and nucleolin, potentially mediated by G-quadruplex domains on the viral genome. To determine whether the nucleolin-RNA interaction regulates RRV replication, MA104 cells were transfected with AGRO100, a compound that forms G4 structures and selectively inhibits nucleolin-RNA interactions by blocking the RNA-binding domains. Under these conditions, viral production increased by 1.5-fold, indicating the inhibitory role of nucleolin on the yield of infectious viral particles. Furthermore, G4 sequences were identified in all 11 RRV dsRNA segments, and transfection of oligonucleotides representing G4 sequences in RRV S10 induced a significant increase in viral production. These findings show that rotavirus replication is negatively regulated by nucleolin through the direct interaction with the viral RNAs by sequences forming G4 structures.IMPORTANCEViruses rely on cellular proteins to carry out their replicative cycle. In the case of rotavirus, the involvement of cellular RNA-binding proteins during the replicative cycle is a poorly studied field. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the interaction between nucleolin and viral RNA of rotavirus RRV. Nucleolin is a cellular protein that has a role in the metabolism of ribosomal rRNA and ribosome biogenesis, which seems to have regulatory effects on the quantity of viral particles and viral RNA copies of rotavirus RRV. Our study adds a new component to the current model of rotavirus replication, where cellular proteins can have a negative regulation on rotavirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jey Hernández-Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos F. Arias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Susana López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sandoval-Jaime
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Wang J, Wang J, Qiu T, Wu J, Sun X, Jiang L, Liu X, Yang G, Cao J, Yao X. Mitochondrial iron overload mediated by cooperative transfer of plasma membrane ATP5B and TFR2 to mitochondria triggers hepatic insulin resistance under PFOS exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114662. [PMID: 36801541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In general populations, insulin resistance (IR) is related to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a persistent organic pollutant. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, PFOS induced mitochondrial iron accumulation in the liver of mice and human hepatocytes L-O2. In the PFOS-treated L-O2 cells, mitochondrial iron overload preceded the occurrence of IR, and pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial iron relieved PFOS-caused IR. Both transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) and ATP synthase β subunit (ATP5B) were redistributed from the plasma membrane to mitochondria with PFOS treatment. Inhibiting the translocation of TFR2 to mitochondria reversed PFOS-induced mitochondrial iron overload and IR. In the PFOS-treated cells, ATP5B interacted with TFR2. Stabilizing ATP5B on the plasma membrane or knockdown of ATP5B disturbed the translocation of TFR2. PFOS inhibited the activity of plasma-membrane ATP synthase (ectopic ATP synthase, e-ATPS), and activating e-ATPS prevented the translocation of ATP5B and TFR2. Consistently, PFOS induced ATP5B/TFR2 interaction and redistribution of ATP5B and TFR2 to mitochondria in the liver of mice. Thus, our results indicated that mitochondrial iron overload induced by collaborative translocation of ATP5B and TFR2 was an up-stream and initiating event for PFOS-related hepatic IR, providing novel understandings of the biological function of e-ATPS, the regulatory mechanism for mitochondrial iron and the mechanism underlying PFOS toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Wang
- Occupational and Environmental Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Occupational and Environmental Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Tianming Qiu
- Occupational and Environmental Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jialu Wu
- Occupational and Environmental Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Occupational and Environmental Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Food Nutrition and Safety Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Food Nutrition and Safety Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Food Nutrition and Safety Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- Occupational and Environmental Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Occupational and Environmental Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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Chandra P, Banerjee S, Saha P, Chawla-Sarkar M, Patra U. Sneaking into the viral safe-houses: Implications of host components in regulating integrity and dynamics of rotaviral replication factories. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:977799. [PMID: 36189370 PMCID: PMC9515456 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.977799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of the viral life cycle essentially includes two structural and functional entities—the viral genome and protein machinery constituting the viral arsenal and an array of host cellular components which the virus closely associates with—to ensure successful perpetuation. The obligatory requirements of the virus to selectively evade specific host cellular factors while exploiting certain others have been immensely important to provide the platform for designing host-directed antiviral therapeutics. Although the spectrum of host-virus interaction is multifaceted, host factors that particularly influence viral replication have immense therapeutic importance. During lytic proliferation, viruses usually form replication factories which are specialized subcellular structures made up of viral proteins and replicating nucleic acids. These viral niches remain distinct from the rest of the cellular milieu, but they effectively allow spatial proximity to selective host determinants. Here, we will focus on the interaction between the replication compartments of a double stranded RNA virus rotavirus (RV) and the host cellular determinants of infection. RV, a diarrheagenic virus infecting young animals and children, forms replication bodies termed viroplasms within the host cell cytoplasm. Importantly, viroplasms also serve as the site for transcription and early morphogenesis of RVs and are very dynamic in nature. Despite advances in the understanding of RV components that constitute the viroplasmic architecture, knowledge of the contribution of host determinants to viroplasm dynamicity has remained limited. Emerging evidence suggests that selective host determinants are sequestered inside or translocated adjacent to the RV viroplasms. Functional implications of such host cellular reprogramming are also ramifying—disarming the antiviral host determinants and usurping the pro-viral components to facilitate specific stages of the viral life cycle. Here, we will provide a critical update on the wide variety of host cellular pathways that have been reported to regulate the spatial and temporal dynamicity of RV viroplasms. We will also discuss the methods used so far to study the host-viroplasm interactions and emphasize on the potential host factors which can be targeted for therapeutic intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Chandra
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shreya Banerjee
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Mamta Chawla-Sarkar, , ; Upayan Patra,
| | - Upayan Patra
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mamta Chawla-Sarkar, , ; Upayan Patra,
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Ueda K, Suwanmanee Y. ATP5B Is an Essential Factor for Hepatitis B Virus Entry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179570. [PMID: 36076968 PMCID: PMC9455612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the factors responsible for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is extremely important in order to understand the viral life cycle and pathogenesis, and thereby explore potential anti-HBV drugs. The recent determination that sodium taurocholate co-transporting peptide (NTCP) is an essential molecule for the HBV entry into cells led to the development of an HBV infection system in vitro using a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line expressing NTCP; however, the precise mechanism of HBV entry is still largely unknown, and thus it may be necessary to elucidate all the molecules involved. Here, we identified ATP5B as another essential factor for HBV entry. ATP5B was expressed on the cell surface of the HCC cell lines and bound with myristoylated but not with non-myristoylated preS1 2-47, which supported the notion that ATP5B is involved in the HBV entry process. Knockdown of ATP5B in NTCP-expressing HepG2 cells, which allowed HBV infection, reduced HBV infectivity with less cccDNA formation. Taken together, these results strongly suggested that ATP5B is an essential factor for HBV entry into the cells.
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The Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 (NS1) Interacts with the Putative Epigenetic Regulator DIDO1 to Promote Flavivirus Replication in Mosquito Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0070422. [PMID: 35652656 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00704-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) NS1 is a multifunctional protein essential for viral replication. To gain insights into NS1 functions in mosquito cells, the protein interactome of DENV NS1 in C6/36 cells was investigated using a proximity biotinylation system and mass spectrometry. A total of 817 mosquito targets were identified as protein-protein interacting with DENV NS1. Approximately 14% of them coincide with interactomes previously obtained in vertebrate cells, including the oligosaccharide transferase complex, the chaperonin containing TCP-1, vesicle localization, and ribosomal proteins. Notably, other protein pathways not previously reported in vertebrate cells, such as epigenetic regulation and RNA silencing, were also found in the NS1 interactome in mosquito cells. Due to the novel and strong interactions observed for NS1 and the epigenetic regulator DIDO1 (Death-Inducer Obliterator 1), the role of DIDO1 in viral replication was further explored. Interactions between NS1 and DIDO1 were corroborated in infected mosquito cells, by colocalization and proximity ligation assays. Silencing DIDO1 expression results in a significant reduction in DENV and ZIKV replication and progeny production. Comparison of transcription analysis of mock or DENV infected cells silenced for DIDO1 revealed variations in multiple gene expression pathways, including pathways associated with DENV infection such as RNA surveillance, IMD, and Toll. These results suggest that DIDO1 is a host factor involved in the negative modulation of the antiviral response necessary for flavivirus replication in mosquito cells. Our findings uncover novel mechanisms of NS1 to promote DENV and ZIKV replication, and add to the understanding of NS1 as a multifunctional protein. IMPORTANCE Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease to humans. Dengue virus NS1 is a multifunctional protein essential for replication and modulation of innate immunity. To gain insights into NS1 functions, the protein interactome of dengue virus NS1 in Aedes albopictus cells was investigated using a proximity biotinylation system and mass spectrometry. Several protein pathways, not previously observed in vertebrate cells, such as transcription and epigenetic regulation, were found as part of the NS1 interactome in mosquito cells. Among those, DIDO1 was found to be a necessary host factor for dengue and Zika virus replication in mosquito cells. Transcription analysis of infected mosquito cells silenced for DIDO1 revealed alterations of the IMD and Toll pathways, part of the antiviral response in mosquitoes. The results suggest that DIDO1 is a host factor involved in modulation of the antiviral response and necessary for flavivirus replication.
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Loquacious modulates flaviviral RNA replication in mosquito cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010163. [PMID: 35482886 PMCID: PMC9089905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses infect both mosquito and mammalian hosts. While much is known about virus-host interactions that modulate viral gene expression in their mammalian host, much less is known about the interactions that involve inhibition, subversion or avoidance strategies in the mosquito host. A novel RNA-Protein interaction detection assay was used to detect proteins that directly or indirectly bind to dengue viral genomes in infected mosquito cells. Membrane-associated mosquito proteins Sec61A1 and Loquacious (Loqs) were found to be in complex with the viral RNA. Depletion analysis demonstrated that both Sec61A1 and Loqs have pro-viral functions in the dengue viral infectious cycle. Co-localization and pull-down assays showed that Loqs interacts with viral protein NS3 and both full-length and subgenomic viral RNAs. While Loqs coats the entire positive-stranded viral RNA, it binds selectively to the 3’ end of the negative-strand of the viral genome. In-depth analyses showed that the absence of Loqs did not affect translation or turnover of the viral RNA but modulated viral replication. Loqs also displayed pro-viral functions for several flaviviruses in infected mosquito cells, suggesting a conserved role for Loqs in flavivirus-infected mosquito cells. There is a wealth of information that dictates virus-host interactions in flavivirus-infected mammalian cells, yet there is only sparse information on the mechanisms that modulate viral gene expression in the mosquito host. Using a novel RNA-protein detection assay, the interactions of Sec61A1 and Loqs with the dengue viral genome were found to have pro-viral functions in infected mosquito cells. In particular, Loqs forms complexes with the positive-strand of the viral RNA and the very 3’ end of the negative-strand viral RNA. Further analyses showed that Loqs modulates viral RNA replication of dengue virus and gene amplification of several other flaviviral genomes. These findings argue that Loqs is an essential pro-viral host factor in mosquitos.
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Bhuinya A, Dass D, Banerjee A, Mukherjee A. A Tale of Antiviral Counterattacks in Rotavirus Infection. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dong Z, Yang X, Qiu T, an Y, Zhang G, Li Q, Jiang L, Yang G, Cao J, Sun X, Liu X, Liu D, Yao X. Exosomal miR-181a-2-3p derived from citreoviridin-treated hepatocytes activates hepatic stellate cells trough inducing mitochondrial calcium overload. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Caddy S, Papa G, Borodavka A, Desselberger U. Rotavirus research: 2014-2020. Virus Res 2021; 304:198499. [PMID: 34224769 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses are major causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide and also cause disease in the young of many other mammalian and of avian species. During the recent 5-6 years rotavirus research has benefitted in a major way from the establishment of plasmid only-based reverse genetics systems, the creation of human and other mammalian intestinal enteroids, and from the wide application of structural biology (cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-EM tomography) and complementary biophysical approaches. All of these have permitted to gain new insights into structure-function relationships of rotaviruses and their interactions with the host. This review follows different stages of the viral replication cycle and summarizes highlights of structure-function studies of rotavirus-encoded proteins (both structural and non-structural), molecular mechanisms of viral replication including involvement of cellular proteins and lipids, the spectrum of viral genomic and antigenic diversity, progress in understanding of innate and acquired immune responses, and further developments of prevention of rotavirus-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Caddy
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease Jeffery Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Guido Papa
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Alexander Borodavka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
| | - Ulrich Desselberger
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Adachi K, Tomono T, Okada H, Shiozawa Y, Yamamoto M, Miyagawa Y, Okada T. A PCR-amplified transgene fragment flanked by a single copy of a truncated inverted terminal repeat for recombinant adeno-associated virus production prevents unnecessary plasmid DNA packaging. Gene Ther 2021; 29:449-457. [PMID: 34629464 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The application of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) for gene therapy faces certain challenges, including genome packaging of non-vector sequences. Inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) flanking the rAAV genome, comprising three inverted repeat regions (A, B, and C) and a non-inverted repeat region (D), contribute to non-vector genome packaging. We aimed to circumvent this issue by comparing the properties of rAAV containing DNA plasmids and PCR-amplified transgenes, including a single copy of the AD sequence (rAAV-pAD/L-AD, respectively), which is a truncated form of ITR, with those of wild-type ITR genome (single-stranded and self-complementary AAV; ssAAV and scAAV). The packaging efficiency of rAAV-pAD/L-AD was found to be comparable to that of scAAV, whereas the transduction efficiency of rAAV-pAD/L-AD was lower than that of ss/scAAV. Remarkably, rAAV-L-AD reduced the plasmid backbone packaging contamination compared to ss/scAAV. Furthermore, to confirm the functionality of this system, we generated a rAAV-L-AD harboring a short hairpin RNA targeting ATP5B (rAAV-L-AD-shATP5B) and found that it caused a significant decrease in ATP5B mRNA levels when transduced into HEK293EB cells, suggesting that it was functional. Thus, our system successfully packaged L-AD into capsids with minimal contamination of plasmid DNA, offering a novel functional packaging platform without causing plasmid backbone encapsidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Tomono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hironori Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Recent advances in rotavirus reverse genetics and its utilization in basic research and vaccine development. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2369-2386. [PMID: 34216267 PMCID: PMC8254061 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviruses are segmented double-stranded RNA viruses with a high frequency of gene reassortment, and they are a leading cause of global diarrheal deaths in children less than 5 years old. Two-thirds of rotavirus-associated deaths occur in low-income countries. Currently, the available vaccines in developing countries have lower efficacy in children than those in developed countries. Due to added safety concerns and the high cost of current vaccines, there is a need to develop cost-effective next-generation vaccines with improved safety and efficacy. The reverse genetics system (RGS) is a powerful tool for investigating viral protein functions and developing novel vaccines. Recently, an entirely plasmid-based RGS has been developed for several rotaviruses, and this technological advancement has significantly facilitated novel rotavirus research. Here, we review the recently developed RGS platform and discuss its application in studying infection biology, gene reassortment, and development of vaccines against rotavirus disease.
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Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the major cause of severe acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children under 5 years of age, annually resulting in nearly 130,000 deaths worldwide. Social conditions in developing countries that contribute to decreased oral rehydration and vaccine efficacy and the lack of approved antiviral drugs position RVA as a global health concern. In this minireview, we present an update in the field of antiviral compounds, mainly in relation to the latest findings in RVA virion structure and the viral replication cycle. In turn, we attempt to provide a perspective on the possible treatments for RVA-associated AGE, with special focus on novel approaches, such as those representing broad-spectrum therapeutic options. In this context, the modulation of host factors, lipid droplets, and the viral polymerase, which is highly conserved among AGE-causing viruses, are analyzed as possible drug targets.
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Patra U, Mukhopadhyay U, Mukherjee A, Dutta S, Chawla-Sarkar M. Treading a HOSTile path: Mapping the dynamic landscape of host cell-rotavirus interactions to explore novel host-directed curative dimensions. Virulence 2021; 12:1022-1062. [PMID: 33818275 PMCID: PMC8023246 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1903198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are intracellular pathogens and are dependent on host cellular resources to carry out their cycles of perpetuation. Obtaining an integrative view of host-virus interaction is of utmost importance to understand the complex and dynamic interplay between viral components and host machineries. Besides its obvious scholarly significance, a comprehensive host-virus interaction profile also provides a platform where from host determinants of pro-viral and antiviral importance can be identified and further be subjected to therapeutic intervention. Therefore, adjunct to conventional methods of prophylactic vaccination and virus-directed antivirals, this host-targeted antiviral approach holds promising therapeutic potential. In this review, we present a comprehensive landscape of host cellular reprogramming in response to infection with rotavirus (RV) which causes profuse watery diarrhea in neonates and infants. In addition, an emphasis is given on how host determinants are either usurped or subverted by RV in course of infection and how therapeutic manipulation of specific host factors can effectively modulate the RV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upayan Patra
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Urbi Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Arpita Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
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Kanai Y, Kobayashi T. Rotavirus reverse genetics systems: Development and application. Virus Res 2021; 295:198296. [PMID: 33440223 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) cause acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Since 2006, live-attenuated vaccines have reduced the number of RV-associated deaths; however, RV is still responsible for an estimated 228,047 annual deaths worldwide. RV, a member of the family Reoviridae, has an 11-segmented double-stranded RNA genome contained within a non-enveloped, triple layered virus particle. In 2017, a long-awaited helper virus-free reverse genetics system for RV was established. Since then, numerous studies have reported the generation of recombinant RVs; these studies verify the robustness of reverse genetics systems. This review provides technical insight into current reverse genetics systems for RVs, as well as discussing basic and applied studies that have used these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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16
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Koriem KMM. Lipidome is lipids regulator in gastrointestinal tract and it is a life collar in COVID-19: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:37-54. [PMID: 33505149 PMCID: PMC7789067 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term lipidome is mentioned to the total amount of the lipids inside the biological cells. The lipid enters the human gastrointestinal tract through external source and internal source. The absorption pathway of lipids in the gastrointestinal tract has many ways; the 1st way, the lipid molecules are digested in the lumen before go through the enterocytes, digested products are re-esterified into complex lipid molecules. The 2nd way, the intracellular lipids are accumulated into lipoproteins (chylomicrons) which transport lipids throughout the whole body. The lipids are re-synthesis again inside the human body where the gastrointestinal lipids are: (1) Transferred into the endoplasmic reticulum; (2) Collected as lipoproteins such as chylomicrons; or (3) Stored as lipid droplets in the cytosol. The lipids play an important role in many stages of the viral replication cycle. The specific lipid change occurs during viral infection in advanced viral replication cycle. There are 47 lipids within 11 lipid classes were significantly disturbed after viral infection. The virus connects with blood-borne lipoproteins and apolipoprotein E to change viral infectivity. The viral interest is cholesterol- and lipid raft-dependent molecules. In conclusion, lipidome is important in gastrointestinal fat absorption and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection so lipidome is basic in gut metabolism and in COVID-19 infection success.
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17
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Zhang SZ, Zhu LB, Yu D, You LL, Wang J, Cao HH, Liu YX, Wang YL, Kong X, Toufeeq S, Xu JP. Identification and Functional Analysis of BmNPV-Interacting Proteins From Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera) Larval Midgut Based on Subcellular Protein Levels. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1481. [PMID: 32695093 PMCID: PMC7338592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a major pathogen causing severe economic loss. However, the molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV and the interactions of this virus with the host during infection remain largely unclear. To explore the virus-binding proteins of silkworms, the midgut subcellular component proteins that may interact with BmNPV were analyzed in vitro based on one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis and far-western blotting combined with mass spectrometry (MS). A total of 24 proteins were determined to be specifically bound to budded viruses (BVs) in two subcellular fractions (mitochondria and microsomes). These proteins were involved in viral transportation, energy metabolism, apoptosis and viral propagation, and they responded to BmNPV infection with different expression profiles in different resistant strains. In particular, almost all the identified proteins were downregulated in the A35 strain following BmNPV infection. Interestingly, there were no virus-binding proteins identified in the cytosolic fraction of the silkworm midgut. Two candidate proteins, RACK1 and VDAC2, interacted with BVs, as determined with far-western blotting and reverse far-western blotting. We speculated that the proteins interacting with the virus could either enhance or inhibit the infection of the virus. The data provide comprehensive useful information for further research on the interaction of the host with BmNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ling-Ling You
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Hua Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ying-Xue Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Shahzad Toufeeq
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
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18
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Song Y, Feng N, Sanchez-Tacuba L, Yasukawa LL, Ren L, Silverman RH, Ding S, Greenberg HB. Reverse Genetics Reveals a Role of Rotavirus VP3 Phosphodiesterase Activity in Inhibiting RNase L Signaling and Contributing to Intestinal Viral Replication In Vivo. J Virol 2020; 94:e01952-19. [PMID: 32051268 PMCID: PMC7163120 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01952-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how rotavirus (RV) subverts host innate immune signaling has greatly increased over the past decade. However, the relative contribution of each virus-encoded innate immune antagonist has not been fully studied in the context of RV infection in vivo Here, we present both in vitro and in vivo evidence that the host interferon (IFN)-inducible 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) and RNase L pathway effectively suppresses the replication of heterologous RV strains. VP3 from homologous RVs relies on its 2'-5'-phosphodiesterase (PDE) domain to counteract RNase L-mediated antiviral signaling. Using an RV reverse-genetics system, we show that compared to the parental strain, VP3 PDE mutant RVs replicated at low levels in the small intestine and were shed less in the feces of wild-type mice, and such defects were rescued in Rnasel-/- suckling mice. Collectively, these findings highlight an important role of VP3 in promoting viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo in addition to its well-characterized function as the viral RNA-capping enzyme.IMPORTANCE Rotaviruses are significant human pathogens that result in diarrhea, dehydration, and deaths in many children around the world. Rotavirus vaccines have suboptimal efficacy in low- to middle-income countries, where the burden of the diseases is the most severe. With the ultimate goal of improving current vaccines, we aim to better understand how rotavirus interacts with the host innate immune system in the small intestine. Here, we demonstrate that interferon-activated RNase L signaling blocks rotavirus replication in a strain-specific manner. In addition, virus-encoded VP3 antagonizes RNase L activity both in vitro and in vivo These studies highlight an ever-evolving arms race between antiviral factors and viral pathogens and provide a new means of targeted attenuation for next-generation rotavirus vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute of Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningguo Feng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute of Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Liliana Sanchez-Tacuba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute of Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Linda L Yasukawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute of Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Lili Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert H Silverman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Harry B Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute of Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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