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Darbandi A, Elahi Z, Dadgar-Zankbar L, Ghasemi F, Kakavandi N, Jafari S, Darbandi T, Ghanavati R. Application of microbial enzymes in medicine and industry: current status and future perspectives. Future Microbiol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39269849 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2398337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbes are a major source of enzymes due to their ability to be mass-cultivated and genetically modified. Compared with plant and animal enzymes, microbial enzymes are more stable and active. Enzymes are generally classified into six classes based on their reaction, substrate specificity and mechanism of action. In addition to their application in medicine for treating diseases, these compounds are used as anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and digestive agents. However, challenges such as immunogenicity, tissue specificity and short in vivo half-life make clinical trials complex. Enzymes are metabolic catalysts in industry and their production and extraction must be optimized to preserve profitability due to rising demand. The present review highlights the increasing importance of bacterial enzymes in industry and medicine and explores methods for their production, extraction and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Elahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dadgar-Zankbar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Kakavandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Jafari
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Talieh Darbandi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- School of Medicine, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
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2
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Kashima T, Akama M, Wakinaka T, Arakawa T, Ashida H, Fushinobu S. Crystal Structure of Bifidobacterium bifidum Glycoside Hydrolase Family 110 α-Galactosidase Specific for Blood Group B Antigen. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2024; 71:81-90. [PMID: 39234034 PMCID: PMC11368712 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2024_0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To overcome incompatibility issues and increase the possibility of blood transfusion, technologies that enable efficient conversion of A- and B-type red blood cells to the universal donor O-type is desirable. Although several blood type-converting enzymes have been identified, detailed understanding about their molecular functions is limited. α-Galactosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 1254 (AgaBb), belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) 110 subfamily A, specifically acts on blood group B antigen. Here we present the crystal structure of AgaBb, including the catalytic GH110 domain and part of the C-terminal uncharacterized regions. Based on this structure, we deduced a possible binding mechanism of blood group B antigen to the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that R270 and E380 recognize the fucose moiety in the B antigen. Thermal shift assay revealed that the C-terminal uncharacterized region significantly contributes to protein stability. This region is shared only among GH110 enzymes from B. bifidum and some Ruminococcus species. The elucidation of the molecular basis for the specific recognition of blood group B antigen is expected to lead to the practical application of blood group conversion enzymes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Kashima
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Megumi Akama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo
| | | | | | - Hisashi Ashida
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
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3
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Hermes J, Carloto MS, Leal A, Martinello F. Stability of immunohaematological reagents used for blood typing of recipients in the tube technique. Transfus Med 2024. [PMID: 39119700 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The storage temperature of immunohaematological reagents generally ranges from 2 to 8°C, and they should be utilised at room temperature. This study aimed to analyse the stability of immunohaematological reagents used in ABO and RhD typing. METHODS The evaluation encompassed the potency, specificity, and integrity of anti-A, anti-B, anti-D, RhD control sera, and A1 and B red blood cells (RBC) reagents after long (8 h) and short (4 h) daily periods of exposure to room temperature (20-24°C), 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Additionally, the A1 and B RBC reagents were exposed daily for 11 h and 30 min at room temperature, including 30 more minutes at room temperature with simultaneous homogenisation through equipment. For the control, an aliquot of each reagent was constantly stored at refrigeration temperature, while another was exposed to room temperature for 12 h daily. Tests conducted included reaction intensity, titration, and avidity for antisera, reaction intensity, free haemoglobin determination, and electrical conductivity for the RBC reagents. RESULTS The antisera maintained the reaction intensity. The titre and avidity of the antisera satisfied the minimum Brazilian requirements after different exposure periods. A higher free haemoglobin concentration was noted in the RBC reagents subjected to room temperature and simultaneous homogenisation, although this did not affect the potency and specificity. The electrical conductivity average of the RBC reagent remained consistent. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the immunohaematological reagents from a specific manufacturer are stable under the tested temperature, ensuring the quality of the results under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hermes
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Santa Catarina Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Leal
- Santa Catarina Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Flávia Martinello
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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4
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Hafeez S, Zaidi NUSS. Prevention of Blood Incompatibility Related Hemagglutination: Blocking of Antigen A on Red Blood Cells Using In Silico Designed Recombinant Anti-A scFv. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:64. [PMID: 39189235 PMCID: PMC11348219 DOI: 10.3390/antib13030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Critical blood shortages plague healthcare systems, particularly in lower-income and middle-income countries. This affects patients requiring regular transfusions and creates challenges during emergencies where universal blood is vital. To address these shortages and support blood banks during emergencies, this study reports a method for increasing the compatibility of blood group A red blood cells (RBCs) by blocking surface antigen-A using anti-A single chain fragment variable (scFv). To enhance stability, the scFv was first modified with the addition of interdomain disulfide bonds. The most effective location for this modification was found to be H44-L232 of mutant-1a scFv. ScFv was then produced from E.coli BL21(DE3) and purified using a three-step process. Purified scFvs were then used to block maximum number of antigens-A on RBCs, and it was found that only monomers were functional, while dimers formed through incorrect domain-swapping were non-functional. These antigen-blocked RBCs displayed no clumping in hemagglutination testing with incompatible blood plasma. The dissociation constant KD was found to be 0.724 μM. Antigen-blocked RBCs have the potential to be given to other blood groups during emergencies. This innovative approach could significantly increase the pool of usable blood, potentially saving countless lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Hafeez
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Sector, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Najam Us Sahar Sadaf Zaidi
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Sector, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur 22600, Pakistan
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5
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Yang X, Chen M, Weng C, Zhuge D, Jin F, Xiao Y, Tian D, Yin Q, Li L, Zhang X, Shi G, Lu X, Yan L, Wang L, Wen B, Zhao Y, Lin J, Wang F, Zhang W, Chen Y. Red Blood Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles Enable Incompatible Blood Transfusions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310230. [PMID: 38837643 PMCID: PMC11304279 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Blood transfusions save lives and improve health every day. Despite the matching of blood types being stricter than it ever has been, emergency transfusions among incompatible blood types are still inevitable in the clinic when there is a lack of acceptable blood types for recipients. Here to overcome this, a counter measure nanoplatform consisting of a polymeric core coated by a red blood cell (RBC) membrane is developed. With A-type or B-type RBC membrane camouflaging, the nanoplatform is capable of specifically capturing anti-A or anti-B IgM antibodies within B-type or A-type whole blood, thereby decreasing the corresponding IgM antibody levels and then allowing the incompatible blood transfusions. In addition to IgM, the anti-RBC IgG antibody in a passive immunization murine model can likewise be neutralized by this nanoplatform, leading to prolonged circulation time of incompatible donor RBCs. Noteworthily, nanoplatform made by expired RBCs (>42 days stored hypothermically) and then subjected to lyophilization does not impair their effect on antibody neutralization. Most importantly, antibody-captured RBC-NP do not exacerbate the risk of inflammation, complement activation, and coagulopathy in an acute hemorrhagic shock murine model. Overall, this biomimetic nanoplatform can safely neutralize the antibody to enable incompatible blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Mengchun Chen
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Cuiye Weng
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Deli Zhuge
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Fangsi Jin
- Department of Blood TransfusionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Yingnan Xiao
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Dongyan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xufei Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Genghe Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xiaosheng Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Linzhi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Ledan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Bin Wen
- Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Jiajin Lin
- Department of Blood TransfusionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Yijie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
- Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Cixi Biomedical Research InstituteWenzhou Medical UniversityNingbo315302China
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6
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Sanji AS, J M, Gurav MJ, Batra SK, Chachadi VB. Cancer snap-shots: Biochemistry and glycopathology of O-glycans: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129318. [PMID: 38232866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer pathogenesis is strongly linked to the qualitative and quantitative alteration of the cell surface glycans, that are glycosidically linked to proteins and lipids. Glycans that are covalently linked to the polypeptide backbone of a protein through nitrogen or oxygen, are known as N-glycans or O-glycans, respectively. Although the role of glycans in the expression, physiology, and communication of cells is well documented, the function of these glycans in tumor biology is not fully elucidated. In this context, current review summarizes biosynthesis, modifications and pathological implications of O-glycans The review also highlights illustrative examples of cancer types modulated by aberrant O-glycosylation. Related O-glycans like Thomsen-nouveau (Tn), Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF), Lewisa/x, Lewisb/y, sialyl Lewisa/x and some other O-glycans are discussed in detail. Since, the overexpression of O-glycans are attributed to the aggressiveness and metastatic behavior of cancer cells, the current review attempts to understand the relation between metastasis and O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini S Sanji
- P. G. Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka 580 003, India
| | - Manasa J
- P. G. Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka 580 003, India
| | - Maruti J Gurav
- P. G. Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka 580 003, India
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vishwanath B Chachadi
- P. G. Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka 580 003, India.
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7
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Zhernakova DV, Wang D, Liu L, Andreu-Sánchez S, Zhang Y, Ruiz-Moreno AJ, Peng H, Plomp N, Del Castillo-Izquierdo Á, Gacesa R, Lopera-Maya EA, Temba GS, Kullaya VI, van Leeuwen SS, Xavier RJ, de Mast Q, Joosten LAB, Riksen NP, Rutten JHW, Netea MG, Sanna S, Wijmenga C, Weersma RK, Zhernakova A, Harmsen HJM, Fu J. Host genetic regulation of human gut microbial structural variation. Nature 2024; 625:813-821. [PMID: 38172637 PMCID: PMC10808065 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Although the impact of host genetics on gut microbial diversity and the abundance of specific taxa is well established1-6, little is known about how host genetics regulates the genetic diversity of gut microorganisms. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of associations between human genetic variation and gut microbial structural variation in 9,015 individuals from four Dutch cohorts. Strikingly, the presence rate of a structural variation segment in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii that harbours an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) utilization gene cluster is higher in individuals who secrete the type A oligosaccharide antigen terminating in GalNAc, a feature that is jointly determined by human ABO and FUT2 genotypes, and we could replicate this association in a Tanzanian cohort. In vitro experiments demonstrated that GalNAc can be used as the sole carbohydrate source for F. prausnitzii strains that carry the GalNAc-metabolizing pathway. Further in silico and in vitro studies demonstrated that other ABO-associated species can also utilize GalNAc, particularly Collinsella aerofaciens. The GalNAc utilization genes are also associated with the host's cardiometabolic health, particularly in individuals with mucosal A-antigen. Together, the findings of our study demonstrate that genetic associations across the human genome and bacterial metagenome can provide functional insights into the reciprocal host-microbiome relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Zhernakova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daoming Wang
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Liu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angel J Ruiz-Moreno
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Haoran Peng
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Plomp
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ángela Del Castillo-Izquierdo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esteban A Lopera-Maya
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Godfrey S Temba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vesla I Kullaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Serena Sanna
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Zhang X, Lin Y, Xin J, Zhang Y, Yang K, Luo Y, Wang B. Red blood cells in biology and translational medicine: natural vehicle inspires new biomedical applications. Theranostics 2024; 14:220-248. [PMID: 38164142 PMCID: PMC10750198 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cell type in the blood, and play a critical role in oxygen transport. With the development of nanobiotechnology and synthetic biology, scientists have found multiple ways to take advantage of the characteristics of RBCs, such as their long circulation time, to construct universal RBCs, develop drug delivery systems, and transform cell therapies for cancer and other diseases. This article reviews the component and aging mystery of RBCs, the methods for the applied universal RBCs, and the application prospects of RBCs, such as the engineering modification of RBCs used in cytopharmaceuticals for drug delivery and immunotherapy. Finally, we summarize some perspectives on the biological features of RBCs and provide further insights into translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, 310009
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, 310058
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yindan Lin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, 310009
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinxia Xin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, 310009
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310029
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, 310009
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310029
| | | | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, 310058
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, 310009
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310029
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310029
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9
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Curci N, Iacono R, Segura DR, Cillo M, Cobucci-Ponzano B, Strazzulli A, Leonardi A, Giger L, Moracci M. Novel GH109 enzymes for bioconversion of group A red blood cells to the universal donor group O. N Biotechnol 2023; 77:130-138. [PMID: 37643666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) have been employed for industrial and biotechnological purposes and often play an important role in new applications. The red blood cell (RBC) antigen system depends on the composition of oligosaccharides on the surface of erythrocytes, thus defining the ABO blood type classification. Incorrect blood transfusions may lead to fatal consequences, making the availability of the correct blood group critical. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that some GHs may be helpful in the conversion of groups A and B blood types to produce group O universal donor blood. GHs belonging to the GH109 family are of particular interest for this application due to their ability to convert blood from group A to group O. This work describes the biochemical characterisation of three novel GH109 enzymes (NAg68, NAg69 and NAg71) and the exploration of their ability to produce enzymatically converted RBCs (ECO-RBC). The three enzymes showed superior specificity on pNP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine compared to previously reported GH109 enzymes. These novel enzymes were able to act on purified antigen-A trisaccharides and produce ECO-RBC from human donor blood. NAg71 converted type A RBC to group O with increased efficiency in the presence of dextran compared to a commercially available GH109, previously used for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Curci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, Naples 80126, Italy; Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacono
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, Naples 80126, Italy
| | | | - Michele Cillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cobucci-Ponzano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Strazzulli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, Naples 80126, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lars Giger
- Novozymes A/S, Biologiens vej 2, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marco Moracci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, Naples 80126, Italy; Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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10
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Rapoport EM, Ryzhov IM, Slivka EV, Korchagina EY, Popova IS, Khaidukov SV, André S, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ, Henry S, Bovin NV. Galectin-9 as a Potential Modulator of Lymphocyte Adhesion to Endothelium via Binding to Blood Group H Glycan. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1166. [PMID: 37627231 PMCID: PMC10452646 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of leukocytes from blood is one of the most important cellular processes in response to tissue damage and inflammation. This multi-step process includes rolling leukocytes and their adhesion to endothelial cells (EC), culminating in crossing the EC barrier to reach the inflamed tissue. Galectin-8 and galectin-9 expressed on the immune system cells are part of this process and can induce cell adhesion via binding to oligolactosamine glycans. Similarly, these galectins have an order of magnitude higher affinity towards glycans of the ABH blood group system, widely represented on ECs. However, the roles of gal-8 and gal-9 as mediators of adhesion to endothelial ABH antigens are practically unknown. In this work, we investigated whether H antigen-gal-9-mediated adhesion occurred between Jurkat cells (of lymphocytic origin and known to have gal-9) and EA.hy 926 cells (immortalized endothelial cells and known to have blood group H antigen). Baseline experiments showed that Jurkat cells adhered to EA.hy 926 cells; however when these EA.hy 926 cells were defucosylated (despite the unmasking of lactosamine chains), adherence was abolished. Restoration of fucosylation by insertion of synthetic glycolipids in the form of H (type 2) trisaccharide Fucα1-2Galβ1-4GlcNAc restored adhesion. The degree of lymphocyte adhesion to native and the "H-restored" (glycolipid-loaded) EA.hy 926 cells was comparable. If this gal-9/H (type 2) interaction is similar to processes that occur in vivo, this suggests that only the short (trisaccharide) H glycan on ECs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia M. Rapoport
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Ivan M. Ryzhov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Slivka
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Elena Yu. Korchagina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Inna S. Popova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Khaidukov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Sabine André
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinär Str. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinär Str. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Hans-J. Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinär Str. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Stephen Henry
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nicolai V. Bovin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (E.M.R.); (I.S.P.); (S.V.K.)
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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11
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Noda K, Furukawa M, Chan EG, Sanchez PG. Expanding Donor Options for Lung Transplant: Extended Criteria, Donation After Circulatory Death, ABO Incompatibility, and Evolution of Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion. Transplantation 2023; 107:1440-1451. [PMID: 36584375 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Only using brain-dead donors with standard criteria, the existing donor shortage has never improved in lung transplantation. Currently, clinical efforts have sought the means to use cohorts of untapped donors, such as extended criteria donors, donation after circulatory death, and donors that are ABO blood group incompatible, and establish the evidence for their potential contribution to the lung transplant needs. Also, technical maturation for using those lungs may eliminate immediate concerns about the early posttransplant course, such as primary graft dysfunction or hyperacute rejection. In addition, recent clinical and preclinical advances in ex vivo lung perfusion techniques have allowed the safer use of lungs from high-risk donors and graft modification to match grafts to recipients and may improve posttransplant outcomes. This review summarizes recent trends and accomplishments and future applications for expanding the donor pool in lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Noda
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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12
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Anso I, Naegeli A, Cifuente JO, Orrantia A, Andersson E, Zenarruzabeitia O, Moraleda-Montoya A, García-Alija M, Corzana F, Del Orbe RA, Borrego F, Trastoy B, Sjögren J, Guerin ME. Turning universal O into rare Bombay type blood. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1765. [PMID: 36997505 PMCID: PMC10063614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractRed blood cell antigens play critical roles in blood transfusion since donor incompatibilities can be lethal. Recipients with the rare total deficiency in H antigen, the Oh Bombay phenotype, can only be transfused with group Oh blood to avoid serious transfusion reactions. We discover FucOB from the mucin-degrading bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila as an α-1,2-fucosidase able to hydrolyze Type I, Type II, Type III and Type V H antigens to obtain the afucosylated Bombay phenotype in vitro. X-ray crystal structures of FucOB show a three-domain architecture, including a GH95 glycoside hydrolase. The structural data together with site-directed mutagenesis, enzymatic activity and computational methods provide molecular insights into substrate specificity and catalysis. Furthermore, using agglutination tests and flow cytometry-based techniques, we demonstrate the ability of FucOB to convert universal O type into rare Bombay type blood, providing exciting possibilities to facilitate transfusion in recipients/patients with Bombay phenotype.
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13
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Li Y, Wang M, Hong S. Live-Cell Glycocalyx Engineering. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200707. [PMID: 36642971 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A heavy layer of glycans forms a brush matrix bound to the outside of all the cells in our bodies; it is referred to as the "sugar forest" or glycocalyx. Beyond the increased appreciation of the glycocalyx over the past two decades, recent advances in engineering the glycocalyx on live cells have spurred the creation of cellular drugs and novel medical treatments. The development of new tools and techniques has empowered scientists to manipulate the structures and functions of cell-surface glycans on target cells and endow target cells with desired properties. Herein, we provide an overview of live-cell glycocalyx engineering strategies for controlling the cell-surface molecular repertory to suit therapeutic applications, even though the realm of this field remains young and largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mingzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Senlian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
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14
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Anisha GS. Biopharmaceutical applications of α-galactosidases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:257-267. [PMID: 35436353 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases are exoglycosidases that are active on galactose-containing side chains in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. α-Galactosidases are gaining increased interest in human medicine, especially in the enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry's disease. α-Galactosidases with regioselectivity toward α-1,3-linked galactose find application in xenotransplantation and blood group transformation. The use of α-galactosidases as a therapeutic agent in alleviating the postprandial symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is much acclaimed. The excellent therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases have led to an upwelling of worldwide research interventions to identify novel α-galactosidases with improved catalytic efficiency. In addition to these therapeutic applications, α-galactosidases also have interesting applications in the industrial sectors like food, feed, probiotics, sugar, and paper pulp. The current review focuses on the diverse therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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15
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Mucin utilization by gut microbiota: recent advances on characterization of key enzymes. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:345-353. [PMID: 36695502 PMCID: PMC10154618 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota interacts with the host through the mucus that covers and protects the gastrointestinal epithelium. The main component of the mucus are mucins, glycoproteins decorated with hundreds of different O-glycans. Some microbiota members can utilize mucin O-glycans as carbons source. To degrade these host glycans the bacteria express multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) such as glycoside hydrolases, sulfatases and esterases which are active on specific linkages. The studies of these enzymes in an in vivo context have started to reveal their importance in mucin utilization and gut colonization. It is now clear that bacteria evolved multiple specific CAZymes to overcome the diversity of linkages found in O-glycans. Additionally, changes in mucin degradation by gut microbiota have been associated with diseases like obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Thereby understanding how CAZymes from different bacteria work to degrade mucins is of critical importance to develop new treatments and diagnostics for these increasingly prevalent health problems. This mini-review covers the recent advances in biochemical characterization of mucin O-glycan-degrading CAZymes and how they are connected to human health.
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16
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Ouadhi S, López DMV, Mohideen FI, Kwan DH. Engineering the enzyme toolbox to tailor glycosylation in small molecule natural products and protein biologics. Protein Eng Des Sel 2023; 36:gzac010. [PMID: 36444941 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many glycosylated small molecule natural products and glycoprotein biologics are important in a broad range of therapeutic and industrial applications. The sugar moieties that decorate these compounds often show a profound impact on their biological functions, thus biocatalytic methods for controlling their glycosylation are valuable. Enzymes from nature are useful tools to tailor bioproduct glycosylation but these sometimes have limitations in their catalytic efficiency, substrate specificity, regiospecificity, stereospecificity, or stability. Enzyme engineering strategies such as directed evolution or semi-rational and rational design have addressed some of the challenges presented by these limitations. In this review, we highlight some of the recent research on engineering enzymes to tailor the glycosylation of small molecule natural products (including alkaloids, terpenoids, polyketides, and peptides), as well as the glycosylation of protein biologics (including hormones, enzyme-replacement therapies, enzyme inhibitors, vaccines, and antibodies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ouadhi
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 2A6, Canada
- PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dulce María Valdez López
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 2A6, Canada
- PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - F Ifthiha Mohideen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - David H Kwan
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 2A6, Canada
- PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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17
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Jajosky RP, Wu SC, Zheng L, Jajosky AN, Jajosky PG, Josephson CD, Hollenhorst MA, Sackstein R, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. ABO blood group antigens and differential glycan expression: Perspective on the evolution of common human enzyme deficiencies. iScience 2023; 26:105798. [PMID: 36691627 PMCID: PMC9860303 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions and play critical roles in human health and disease. Enzyme variants and deficiencies can lead to variable expression of glycans, which can affect physiology, influence predilection for disease, and/or directly contribute to disease pathogenesis. Although certain well-characterized enzyme deficiencies result in overt disease, some of the most common enzyme deficiencies in humans form the basis of blood groups. These carbohydrate blood groups impact fundamental areas of clinical medicine, including the risk of infection and severity of infectious disease, bleeding risk, transfusion medicine, and tissue/organ transplantation. In this review, we examine the enzymes responsible for carbohydrate-based blood group antigen biosynthesis and their expression within the human population. We also consider the evolutionary selective pressures, e.g. malaria, that may account for the variation in carbohydrate structures and the implications of this biology for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Philip Jajosky
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Biconcavity Inc, Lilburn, GA, USA
| | - Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leon Zheng
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Audrey N. Jajosky
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, West Henrietta, NY, USA
| | | | - Cassandra D. Josephson
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Blood Bank/Transfusion Medicine Division, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie A. Hollenhorst
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Connie M. Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 630E New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Petazzi P, Miquel‐Serra L, Huertas S, González C, Boto N, Muñiz‐Diaz E, Menéndez P, Sevilla A, Nogués N. ABO gene editing for the conversion of blood type A to universal type O in Rh null donor-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1063. [PMID: 36281739 PMCID: PMC9593258 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited availability of red cells with extremely rare blood group phenotypes is one of the global challenges in transfusion medicine that has prompted the search for alternative self-renewable pluripotent cell sources for the in vitro generation of red cells with rare blood group types. One such phenotype is the Rhnull , which lacks all the Rh antigens on the red cell membrane and represents one of the rarest blood types in the world with only a few active blood donors available worldwide. Rhnull red cells are critical for the transfusion of immunized patients carrying the same phenotype, besides its utility in the diagnosis of Rh alloimmunization when a high-prevalence Rh specificity is suspected in a patient or a pregnant woman. In both scenarios, the potential use of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived Rhnull red cells is also dependent on ABO compatibility. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ABO gene edition strategy for the conversion of blood type A to universal type O, which we have applied to an Rhnull donor-derived hiPSC line, originally carrying blood group A. This work provides a paradigmatic example of an approach potentially applicable to other hiPSC lines derived from rare blood donors not carrying blood type O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Petazzi
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laia Miquel‐Serra
- Immunohematology LaboratoryBarcelonaSpain
- Transfusional medicine. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Sergio Huertas
- Immunohematology LaboratoryBarcelonaSpain
- Transfusional medicine. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Cecilia González
- Immunohematology LaboratoryBarcelonaSpain
- Transfusional medicine. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Neus Boto
- Immunohematology LaboratoryBarcelonaSpain
| | - Eduardo Muñiz‐Diaz
- Immunohematology LaboratoryBarcelonaSpain
- Transfusional medicine. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer‐CIBER‐ONCInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ana Sevilla
- Department of Cell BiologyPhysiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Núria Nogués
- Immunohematology LaboratoryBarcelonaSpain
- Transfusional medicine. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
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19
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Anisha GS. Molecular advances in microbial α-galactosidases: challenges and prospects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:148. [PMID: 35773364 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase (α-D-galactosidase galactohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.22), is an industrially important enzyme that hydrolyzes the galactose residues in galactooligosaccharides and polysaccharides. The industrial production of α-galactosidase is currently insufficient owing to the high production cost, low production efficiency and low enzyme activity. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the worldwide research on molecular techniques to improve the production efficiency of microbial α-galactosidases. Cloning and overexpression of the gene sequences coding for α-galactosidases can not only increase the enzyme yield but can confer industrially beneficial characteristics to the enzyme protein. This review focuses on the molecular advances in the overexpression of α-galactosidases in bacterial and yeast/fungal expression systems. Recombinant α-galactosidases have improved biochemical and hydrolytic properties compared to their native counterparts. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms to produce high yields of α-galactosidase can also assist in the production of value-added products. Developing new variants of α-galactosidases through directed evolution can yield enzymes with increased catalytic activity and altered regioselectivity. The bottlenecks in the recombinant production of α-galactosidases are also discussed. The knowledge about the hurdles in the overexpression of recombinant proteins illuminates the emerging possibilities of developing a successful microbial cell factory and widens the opportunities for the production of industrially beneficial α-galactosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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20
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Chemo-Enzymatic Production of 4-Nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside Using Immobilized β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Nitrophenyl derivatives of glycosides are convenient substrates used to detect and characterize α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. A new procedure combining chemical and biocatalytic steps was developed to prepare 4-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (4NP-α-GalNAc). The α-anomer was prepared through chemical synthesis of an anomeric mixture followed by selective removal of the β-anomer using specific enzymatic hydrolysis. Fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex) from Penicillium oxalicum CCF 1959 served this purpose owing to its high chemo-and regioselectivity towards the β-anomeric N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) derivative. The kinetic measurements of the hydrolytic reaction showed that the enzyme was not inhibited by the substrate or reaction products. The immobilization of Hex in lens-shaped polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel capsules provided a biocatalyst with very good storage and operational stability. The immobilized Hex retained 97% of the initial activity after ten repeated uses and 90% of the initial activity after 18 months of storage at 4 °C. Immobilization inactivated 65% of the enzyme activity. However, the effectiveness factor and kinetic and mass transfer phenomena approached unity indicating negligible mass transfer limitations.
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21
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Qin Y, Havulinna AS, Liu Y, Jousilahti P, Ritchie SC, Tokolyi A, Sanders JG, Valsta L, Brożyńska M, Zhu Q, Tripathi A, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Loomba R, Cheng S, Jain M, Niiranen T, Lahti L, Knight R, Salomaa V, Inouye M, Méric G. Combined effects of host genetics and diet on human gut microbiota and incident disease in a single population cohort. Nat Genet 2022; 54:134-142. [PMID: 35115689 PMCID: PMC9883041 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic variation affects the gut microbiota through a complex combination of environmental and host factors. Here we characterize genetic variations associated with microbial abundances in a single large-scale population-based cohort of 5,959 genotyped individuals with matched gut microbial metagenomes, and dietary and health records (prevalent and follow-up). We identified 567 independent SNP-taxon associations. Variants at the LCT locus associated with Bifidobacterium and other taxa, but they differed according to dairy intake. Furthermore, levels of Faecalicatena lactaris associated with ABO, and suggested preferential utilization of secreted blood antigens as energy source in the gut. Enterococcus faecalis levels associated with variants in the MED13L locus, which has been linked to colorectal cancer. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a potential causal effect of Morganella on major depressive disorder, consistent with observational incident disease analysis. Overall, we identify and characterize the intricate nature of host-microbiota interactions and their association with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Qin
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM-HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yang Liu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Scott C Ritchie
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Tokolyi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jon G Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Institute for Host-Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Liisa Valsta
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marta Brożyńska
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anupriya Tripathi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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22
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Wu H, Crost EH, Owen CD, van Bakel W, Martínez Gascueña A, Latousakis D, Hicks T, Walpole S, Urbanowicz PA, Ndeh D, Monaco S, Sánchez Salom L, Griffiths R, Reynolds RS, Colvile A, Spencer DIR, Walsh M, Angulo J, Juge N. The human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus shows specificity to blood group A antigen during mucin glycan foraging: Implication for niche colonisation in the gastrointestinal tract. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001498. [PMID: 34936658 PMCID: PMC8730463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus displays strain-specific repertoires of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) contributing to its spatial location in the gut. Sequence similarity network analysis identified strain-specific differences in blood-group endo-β-1,4-galactosidase belonging to the GH98 family. We determined the substrate and linkage specificities of GH98 from R. gnavus ATCC 29149, RgGH98, against a range of defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates including mucin. We showed by HPAEC-PAD and LC-FD-MS/MS that RgGH98 is specific for blood group A tetrasaccharide type II (BgA II). Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR confirmed RgGH98 affinity for blood group A over blood group B and H antigens. The molecular basis of RgGH98 strict specificity was further investigated using a combination of glycan microarrays, site-directed mutagenesis, and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures of RgGH98 in complex with BgA trisaccharide (BgAtri) and of RgGH98 E411A with BgA II revealed a dedicated hydrogen network of residues, which were shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be critical to the recognition of the BgA epitope. We demonstrated experimentally that RgGH98 is part of an operon of 10 genes that is overexpresssed in vitro when R. gnavus ATCC 29149 is grown on mucin as sole carbon source as shown by RNAseq analysis and RT-qPCR confirmed RgGH98 expression on BgA II growth. Using MALDI-ToF MS, we showed that RgGH98 releases BgAtri from mucin and that pretreatment of mucin with RgGH98 confered R. gnavus E1 the ability to grow, by enabling the E1 strain to metabolise BgAtri and access the underlying mucin glycan chain. These data further support that the GH repertoire of R. gnavus strains enable them to colonise different nutritional niches in the human gut and has potential applications in diagnostic and therapeutics against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - C David Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Hicks
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Didier Ndeh
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Colvile
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Walsh
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Angulo
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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23
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Different-ligand and different-metal xylaratogermanates as effectors of Penicillium restrictum IMV F-100139 α-L-rhamnosidase and α-galactosidase. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Pandey P, Zhang N, Curtis BR, Newman PJ, Denomme GA. Generation of 'designer erythroblasts' lacking one or more blood group systems from CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited human-induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9340-9349. [PMID: 34547166 PMCID: PMC8500969 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advancements in transfusion medicine, red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization remains a challenge for multiparous women and chronically transfused patients. At times, diagnostic laboratories depend on difficult-to-procure rare reagent RBCs for the identification of different alloantibodies in such subjects. We have addressed this issue by developing erythroblasts with custom phenotypes (Rh null, GPB null and Kx null/Kell low) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) parent line (OT1-1) for the blood group system genes: RHAG, GYPB and XK. Guide RNAs were cloned into Cas9-puromycin expression vector and transfected into OT1-1. Genotyping was performed to select puromycin-resistant hiPSC KOs. CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing resulted in the successful generation of three KO lines, RHAG KO, GYPB KO and XK KO. The OT1-1 cell line, as well as the three KO hiPSC lines, were differentiated into CD34+ CD41+ CD235ab+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and subsequently to erythroblasts. Native OT1-1 erythroblasts were positive for the expression of Rh, MNS, Kell and H blood group systems. Differentiation of RHAG KO, GYPB KO and XK KO resulted in the formation of Rh null, GPB null and Kx null/Kell low erythroblasts, respectively. OT1-1 as well as the three KO erythroblasts remained positive for RBC markers-CD71 and BAND3. Erythroblasts were mostly at the polychromatic/ orthochromatic stage of differentiation. Up to ~400-fold increase in erythroblasts derived from HPCs was observed. The availability of custom erythroblasts generated from CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited hiPSC should be a useful addition to the tools currently used for the detection of clinically important red cell alloantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian R. Curtis
- Versiti Blood Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Diagnostic LaboratoriesVersiti Blood Center of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Peter J. Newman
- Versiti Blood Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cellular BiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Gregory A. Denomme
- Versiti Blood Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Diagnostic LaboratoriesVersiti Blood Center of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
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25
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Abstract
The surfaces of all living organisms and most secreted proteins share a common feature: They are glycosylated. As the outermost-facing molecules, glycans participate in nearly all immunological processes, including driving host-pathogen interactions, immunological recognition and activation, and differentiation between self and nonself through a complex array of pathways and mechanisms. These fundamental immunologic roles are further cast into sharp relief in inflammatory, autoimmune, and cancer disease states in which immune regulation goes awry. Here, we review the broad impact of glycans on the immune system and discuss the changes and clinical opportunities associated with the onset of immunologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7288, USA;
| | - Brian A Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7288, USA;
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26
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Zhang ZP, Liu YC, Dai HB, Miao MM. Characteristics and expression patterns of six α-galactosidases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244714. [PMID: 33434225 PMCID: PMC7802950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six putative α-galactosidase genes (α-Gals), three acid forms (CsGAL1, CsGAL2, CsGAL3) and three alkaline forms (CsAGA1, CsAGA2, CsAGAL3), were found in the cucumber genome. It is interesting to know the expression pattern and possible function of these α-Gals in the cucumber plant since it is a stachyose-translocating species. In this study, full-length cDNAs of six α-Gals were cloned and heterologously expressed. The result showed that all recombinant proteins revealed acid or alkaline α-Gal activities with different substrate specificities and pH or temperature responding curves, indicating their distinct roles in cucumber plants. Phylogenetic analysis of collected α-Gal amino acid sequences from different plants indicated that the ancestor of both acid and alkaline α-Gals existed before monocots and dicots separated. Generally, six α-Gal genes are universally expressed in different cucumber organs. CsGAL2 highly expressed in fasting-growing leaves, fruits and germinating seeds; CsGAL3 mainly distributes in vacuoles and significantly expressed in cucumber fruits, senescent leaves and seeds during late stage germination; The expression of CsAGA1 increased from leaf 1 to leaf 3 (sink leaves) and then declined from leaf 4 to leaf 7 (source leaves), and this isoform also highly expressed in male flowers and germinating seeds at early stage; CsAGA2 significantly expressed in cucumber leaves and female flowers; CsAGA3 is localized in plastids and also actively expressed in senescent leaves and germinating seeds; The role of CsGAL1 in cucumber plants is now unclear since its expression was relatively low in all organs. According to their expression patterns, subcellular localizations and previously reported functions of these isoforms in other plants, combining the data of soluble sugars contents in different tissues, the possible functions of these α-Gals were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-ping Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-cheng Liu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-bo Dai
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-min Miao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Weber P, Fischer R, Nasseri SA, Stütz AE, Thonhofer M, Withers SG, Wolfsgruber A, Wrodnigg TM. New α-galactosidase-inhibiting aminohydroxycyclopentanes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15943-15951. [PMID: 35481199 PMCID: PMC9029992 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of cyclopentanoid α-galactosidase ligands was prepared from a partially protected ω-eno-aldose via a reliable (2 + 3)-cycloaddition protocol with slightly modified conditions. The obtained N-benzylisoxazolidine ring was selectively opened and the configuration of the hydroxymethylgroup was inverted. Consecutive deprotection provided an aminocyclopentane, which was N-alkylated to furnish a set of potential α-galactosidase inhibitors. Their glycosidase inhibitory activities were screened with a panel of standard glycosidases of biological significance. A concise and robust synthesis of new cyclopentanoid competitive inhibitors of α-galactosidases related to Fabry's disease and other α-galactosidase related disorders.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weber
- Glycogroup
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems
- Graz University of Technology
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Seyed A. Nasseri
- Chemistry Department
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Arnold E. Stütz
- Glycogroup
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems
- Graz University of Technology
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Martin Thonhofer
- Glycogroup
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems
- Graz University of Technology
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Chemistry Department
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Andreas Wolfsgruber
- Glycogroup
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems
- Graz University of Technology
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Tanja M. Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems
- Graz University of Technology
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
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28
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Arnolds KL, Martin CG, Lozupone CA. Blood type and the microbiome- untangling a complex relationship with lessons from pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 56:59-66. [PMID: 32663769 PMCID: PMC10104170 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complex communities of microbes that constitute the human microbiome are influenced by host and environmental factors. Here, we address how a fundamental aspect of human biology, blood type, contributes to shaping this microscopic ecosystem. Although this question remains largely unexplored, we glean insights from decades of work describing relationships between pathogens and blood type. The bacterial strategies, molecular mechanisms, and host responses that shaped those relationships may parallel those that characterize how blood type and commensals interact. Understanding these nuanced interactions will expand our capacity to analyze and manipulate the human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Arnolds
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Casey G Martin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Catherine A Lozupone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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29
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Ma B, Guan X, Li Y, Shang S, Li J, Tan Z. Protein Glycoengineering: An Approach for Improving Protein Properties. Front Chem 2020; 8:622. [PMID: 32793559 PMCID: PMC7390894 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural proteins are an important source of therapeutic agents and industrial enzymes. While many of them have the potential to be used as highly effective medical treatments for a wide range of diseases or as catalysts for conversion of a range of molecules into important product types required by modern society, problems associated with poor biophysical and biological properties have limited their applications. Engineering proteins with reduced side-effects and/or improved biophysical and biological properties is therefore of great importance. As a common protein modification, glycosylation has the capacity to greatly influence these properties. Over the past three decades, research from many disciplines has established the importance of glycoengineering in overcoming the limitations of proteins. In this review, we will summarize the methods that have been used to glycoengineer proteins and briefly discuss some representative examples of these methods, with the goal of providing a general overview of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Yaohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Shiying Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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