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Hsieh AR, Luo YL, Bao BY, Chou TC. Comparative analysis of genetic risk scores for predicting biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy. BMC Urol 2024; 24:136. [PMID: 38956663 PMCID: PMC11218119 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) has identified risk variants related to complex diseases, but most genetic variants have less impact on phenotypes. To solve the above problems, methods that can use variants with low genetic effects, such as genetic risk score (GRS), have been developed to predict disease risk. METHODS As the GRS model with the most incredible prediction power for complex diseases has not been determined, our study used simulation data and prostate cancer data to explore the disease prediction power of three GRS models, including the simple count genetic risk score (SC-GRS), the direct logistic regression genetic risk score (DL-GRS), and the explained variance weighted GRS based on directed logistic regression (EVDL-GRS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We used 26 SNPs to establish GRS models to predict the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy. Combining clinical variables such as age at diagnosis, body mass index, prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, pathologic T stage, and surgical margin and GRS models has better predictive power for BCR. The results of simulation data (statistical power = 0.707) and prostate cancer data (area under curve = 0.8462) show that DL-GRS has the best prediction performance. The rs455192 was the most relevant locus for BCR (p = 2.496 × 10-6) in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ru Hsieh
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Luo
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ying Bao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Chou
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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2
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Dong Y, Chen Y, Ma G, Cao H. The role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in bone homeostasis and related diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3963-3987. [PMID: 37799379 PMCID: PMC10547920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dedicates to degrade intracellular proteins to modulate demic homeostasis and functions of organisms. These enzymatic cascades mark and modifies target proteins diversly through covalently binding ubiquitin molecules. In the UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases are the crucial constituents by the advantage of recognizing and presenting proteins to proteasomes for proteolysis. As the major regulators of protein homeostasis, E3 ligases are indispensable to proper cell manners in diverse systems, and they are well described in physiological bone growth and bone metabolism. Pathologically, classic bone-related diseases such as metabolic bone diseases, arthritis, bone neoplasms and bone metastasis of the tumor, etc., were also depicted in a UPS-dependent manner. Therefore, skeletal system is versatilely regulated by UPS and it is worthy to summarize the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, based on the current status of treatment, normal or pathological osteogenesis and tumorigenesis elaborated in this review highlight the clinical significance of UPS research. As a strategy possibly remedies the limitations of UPS treatment, emerging PROTAC was described comprehensively to illustrate its potential in clinical application. Altogether, the purpose of this review aims to provide more evidence for exploiting novel therapeutic strategies based on UPS for bone associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Silvestri R, Nicolì V, Gangadharannambiar P, Crea F, Bootman MD. Calcium signalling pathways in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:524-543. [PMID: 36964408 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells proliferate, differentiate and migrate by repurposing physiological signalling mechanisms. In particular, altered calcium signalling is emerging as one of the most widespread adaptations in cancer cells. Remodelling of calcium signalling promotes the development of several malignancies, including prostate cancer. Gene expression data from in vitro, in vivo and bioinformatics studies using patient samples and xenografts have shown considerable changes in the expression of various components of the calcium signalling toolkit during the development of prostate cancer. Moreover, preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that altered calcium signalling is a crucial component of the molecular re-programming that drives prostate cancer progression. Evidence points to calcium signalling re-modelling, commonly involving crosstalk between calcium and other cellular signalling pathways, underpinning the onset and temporal progression of this disease. Discrete alterations in calcium signalling have been implicated in hormone-sensitive, castration-resistant and aggressive variant forms of prostate cancer. Hence, modulation of calcium signals and downstream effector molecules is a plausible therapeutic strategy for both early and late stages of prostate cancer. Based on this premise, clinical trials have been undertaken to establish the feasibility of targeting calcium signalling specifically for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Martin D Bootman
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Barczak K, Łagocka R, Brodowska A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Involvement in Tumorigenesis and Clinical Significance of CXCL1 in Reproductive Cancers: Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Ovarian Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087262. [PMID: 37108425 PMCID: PMC10139049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a member of the CXC chemokine subfamily and a ligand for CXCR2. Its main function in the immune system is the chemoattraction of neutrophils. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing the significance of CXCL1 in cancer processes. To fill this gap, this work describes the clinical significance and participation of CXCL1 in cancer processes in the most important reproductive cancers: breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. The focus is on both clinical aspects and the significance of CXCL1 in molecular cancer processes. We describe the association of CXCL1 with clinical features of tumors, including prognosis, ER, PR and HER2 status, and TNM stage. We present the molecular contribution of CXCL1 to chemoresistance and radioresistance in selected tumors and its influence on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Additionally, we present the impact of CXCL1 on the microenvironment of reproductive cancers, including its effect on angiogenesis, recruitment, and function of cancer-associated cells (macrophages, neutrophils, MDSC, and Treg). The article concludes by summarizing the significance of introducing drugs targeting CXCL1. This paper also discusses the significance of ACKR1/DARC in reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 Str., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ryta Łagocka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brodowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Procoxacin bidirectionally inhibits osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity in bone and suppresses bone metastasis of prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2023; 42:45. [PMID: 36759880 PMCID: PMC9909988 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is the most common site of metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa). PCa invasion leads to a disruption of osteogenic-osteolytic balance and causes abnormal bone formation. The interaction between PCa and bone stromal cells, especially osteoblasts (OB), is considered essential for the disease progression. However, drugs that effectively block the cancer-bone interaction and regulate the osteogenic-osteolytic balance remain undiscovered. METHODS A reporter gene system was constructed to screen compounds that could inhibit PCa-induced OB activation from 631 compounds. Then, the pharmacological effects of a candidate drug, Procoxacin (Pro), on OBs, osteoclasts (OCs) and cancer-bone interaction were studied in cellular models. Intratibial inoculation, micro-CT and histological analysis were used to explore the effect of Pro on osteogenic and osteolytic metastatic lesions. Bioinformatic analysis and experiments including qPCR, western blotting and ELISA assay were used to identify the effector molecules of Pro in the cancer-bone microenvironment. Virtual screening, molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance assay and RNA knockdown were utilized to identify the drug target of Pro. Experiments including co-IP, western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to reveal the role of Pro binding to its target. Intracardiac inoculation metastasis model and survival analysis were used to investigate the therapeutic effect of Pro on metastatic cancer. RESULTS Luciferase reporter gene consisted of Runx2 binding sequence, OSE2, and Alp promotor could sensitively reflect the intensity of PCa-OB interaction. Pro best matched the screening criteria among 631 compounds in drug screening. Further study demonstrated that Pro effectively inhibited the PCa-induced osteoblastic changes without killing OBs or PCa cells and directly killed OCs or suppressed osteoclastic functions at very low concentrations. Mechanism study revealed that Pro broke the feedback loop of TGF-β/C-Raf/MAPK pathway by sandwiching into 14-3-3ζ/C-Raf complex and prevented its disassociation. Pro treatment alleviated both osteogenic and osteolytic lesions in PCa-involved bones and reduced the number of metastases of PCa in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study provides a drug screening strategy based on the cancer-host microenvironment and demonstrates that Pro effectively inhibits both osteoblastic and osteoclastic lesions in PCa-involved bones, which makes it a promising therapeutic agent for PCa bone metastasis.
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Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of a Probiotics and Natural Extract-Based Formulation in Bacterial-Induced Prostatitis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020389. [PMID: 36836748 PMCID: PMC9965078 DOI: 10.3390/life13020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the many factors inducing prostate inflammation, bacterial contribution is potentially underrated according to the scientific community. Bacterial prostatitis is characterized by modifications of the prostatic microenvironment, mainly driven by the immune system. Macrophages play a major role in bacterial prostatitis, secreting a plethora of proinflammatory and chemoattractive cytokines and proteolytic enzymes able to degrade the ECM, so facilitating the invasion of other immune cells. Consequently, macrophages represent a link between bacterial infection and prostate inflammation, as well as being the main target of prostate anti-inflammatory drugs and dietary supplements. This study aims to investigate the effect of a formulation composed of active principles and a probiotic strain with a particular focus on the anti-inflammatory effect in an in vitro bacterial prostatitis model. The results obtained showed that the formulation reduces the inflammatory response of prostatic epithelium induced by bacterial infection. This effect is mediated by the modulation of activated macrophages. Analysis of the cytokines released highlights that the tested formulation is able to reduce the expression of key proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of prostate diseases, in particular prostate cancer, and represents a valuable tool to prevent bacterial prostatitis and ensure favorable prostate health.
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7
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Korbecki J, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Wójcik J, Szatkowska I, Barczak K, Chlubek M, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Importance of CXCL1 in Physiology and Noncancerous Diseases of Bone, Bone Marrow, Muscle and the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084205. [PMID: 35457023 PMCID: PMC9024980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the role of CXCL1, a chemokine crucial in inflammation as a chemoattractant for neutrophils, in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases. Due to the vast amount of available information, we focus on the role CXCL1 plays in the physiology of bones, bone marrow, muscle and the nervous system. For this reason, we describe its effects on hematopoietic stem cells, myoblasts, oligodendrocyte progenitors and osteoclast precursors. We also present the involvement of CXCL1 in diseases of selected tissues and organs including Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis, ischemic stroke, major depression, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, prion diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), traumatic spinal cord injury and West Nile fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Wójcik
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Iwona Szatkowska
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mikołaj Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-515
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8
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Sethakorn N, Heninger E, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Ding AB, Yada RC, Kerr SC, Kosoff D, Beebe DJ, Lang JM. Advancing Treatment of Bone Metastases through Novel Translational Approaches Targeting the Bone Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:757. [PMID: 35159026 PMCID: PMC8833657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases represent a lethal condition that frequently occurs in solid tumors such as prostate, breast, lung, and renal cell carcinomas, and increase the risk of skeletal-related events (SREs) including pain, pathologic fractures, and spinal cord compression. This unique metastatic niche consists of a multicellular complex that cancer cells co-opt to engender bone remodeling, immune suppression, and stromal-mediated therapeutic resistance. This review comprehensively discusses clinical challenges of bone metastases, novel preclinical models of the bone and bone marrow microenviroment, and crucial signaling pathways active in bone homeostasis and metastatic niche. These studies establish the context to summarize the current state of investigational agents targeting BM, and approaches to improve BM-targeting therapies. Finally, we discuss opportunities to advance research in bone and bone marrow microenvironments by increasing complexity of humanized preclinical models and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to translational research in this challenging metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sethakorn
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Adeline B. Ding
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Ravi Chandra Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Sheena C. Kerr
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - David Kosoff
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Satcher RL, Zhang XHF. Evolving cancer-niche interactions and therapeutic targets during bone metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:85-101. [PMID: 34611349 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer types metastasize to bone. This propensity may be a product of genetic traits of the primary tumour in some cancers. Upon arrival, cancer cells establish interactions with various bone-resident cells during the process of colonization. These interactions, to a large degree, dictate cancer cell fates at multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, from single cells to overt metastases. The bone microenvironment may even influence cancer cells to subsequently spread to multiple other organs. Therefore, it is imperative to spatiotemporally delineate the evolving cancer-bone crosstalk during bone colonization. In this Review, we provide a summary of the bone microenvironment and its impact on bone metastasis. On the basis of the microscopic anatomy, we tentatively define a roadmap of the journey of cancer cells through bone relative to various microenvironment components, including the potential of bone to function as a launch pad for secondary metastasis. Finally, we examine common and distinct features of bone metastasis from various cancer types. Our goal is to stimulate future studies leading to the development of a broader scope of potent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Satcher
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Jin Y, Jung SN, Lim MA, Oh C, Piao Y, Kim HJ, Liu L, Kang YE, Chang JW, Won HR, Song K, Koo BS. Transcriptional Regulation of GDF15 by EGR1 Promotes Head and Neck Cancer Progression through a Positive Feedback Loop. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011151. [PMID: 34681812 PMCID: PMC8538541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, has been reported to be overexpressed in different kinds of cancer types. However, the function and mechanism of GDF15 in head and neck cancer (HNC) remains unclear. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data show that the expression of GDF15 is significantly associated with tumor AJCC stage, lymph vascular invasion and tumor grade in HNC. In this study, we confirmed that knockdown of GDF15 attenuated: cell proliferation, migration and invasion via regulation of EMT through a canonical pathway; SMAD2/3 and noncanonical pathways; PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK in HNC cell lines. Furthermore, we found that early growth response 1 (EGR1) was a transcription factor of GDF15. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that GDF15 could regulate the expression of EGR1, which meant a positive feedback loop occurred between these two factors. Moreover, combined inhibition of both GDF15 and EGR1 in a HNC mouse xenograft model showed significantly decreased tumor volume compared to inhibition of EGR1 or GDF15 alone. Our study showed that the GDF15–EGR1 signaling axis may be a good target in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Jin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.J.); (C.O.); (Y.P.); (H.J.K.); (L.L.); (J.W.C.); (H.-R.W.)
| | - Seung-Nam Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Mi Ae Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Chan Oh
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.J.); (C.O.); (Y.P.); (H.J.K.); (L.L.); (J.W.C.); (H.-R.W.)
| | - Yudan Piao
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.J.); (C.O.); (Y.P.); (H.J.K.); (L.L.); (J.W.C.); (H.-R.W.)
| | - Hae Jong Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.J.); (C.O.); (Y.P.); (H.J.K.); (L.L.); (J.W.C.); (H.-R.W.)
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.J.); (C.O.); (Y.P.); (H.J.K.); (L.L.); (J.W.C.); (H.-R.W.)
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.J.); (C.O.); (Y.P.); (H.J.K.); (L.L.); (J.W.C.); (H.-R.W.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Ho-Ryun Won
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.J.); (C.O.); (Y.P.); (H.J.K.); (L.L.); (J.W.C.); (H.-R.W.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kunho Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.J.); (C.O.); (Y.P.); (H.J.K.); (L.L.); (J.W.C.); (H.-R.W.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-280-7690
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11
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Yang Z, Liu D, Guan R, Li X, Wang Y, Sheng B. Potential genes and pathways associated with heterotopic ossification derived from analyses of gene expression profiles. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:499. [PMID: 34389038 PMCID: PMC8364104 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) represents pathological lesions that refer to the development of heterotopic bone in extraskeletal tissues around joints. This study investigates the genetic characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from HO tissues and explores the potential pathways involved in this ailment. Methods Gene expression profiles (GSE94683) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), including 9 normal specimens and 7 HO specimens, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Then, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed for further analysis. Results In total, 275 DEGs were differentially expressed, of which 153 were upregulated and 122 were downregulated. In the biological process (BP) category, the majority of DEGs, including EFNB3, UNC5C, TMEFF2, PTH2, KIT, FGF13, and WISP3, were intensively enriched in aspects of cell signal transmission, including axon guidance, negative regulation of cell migration, peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation, and cell-cell signaling. Moreover, KEGG analysis indicated that the majority of DEGs, including EFNB3, UNC5C, FGF13, MAPK10, DDIT3, KIT, COL4A4, and DKK2, were primarily involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. Ten hub genes were identified, including CX3CL1, CXCL1, ADAMTS3, ADAMTS16, ADAMTSL2, ADAMTSL3, ADAMTSL5, PENK, GPR18, and CALB2. Conclusions This study presented novel insight into the pathogenesis of HO. Ten hub genes and most of the DEGs intensively involved in enrichment analyses may be new candidate targets for the prevention and treatment of HO in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Emergency Center, No. 90 Pingchuan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Emergency Center, No. 90 Pingchuan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Emergency Center, No. 90 Pingchuan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Giardullo L, Altomare A, Rotondo C, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. Osteoblast Dysfunction in Non-Hereditary Sclerosing Bone Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157980. [PMID: 34360745 PMCID: PMC8348499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of the available literature was performed in order to summarize the existing evidence between osteoblast dysfunction and clinical features in non-hereditary sclerosing bone diseases. It has been known that proliferation and migration of osteoblasts are concerted by soluble factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) but also by signal transduction cascades such as Wnt signaling pathway. Protein kinases play also a leading role in triggering the activation of osteoblasts in this group of diseases. Post-zygotic changes in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) have been shown to be associated with sporadic cases of Melorheostosis. Serum levels of FGF and PDGF have been shown to be increased in myelofibrosis, although studies focusing on Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor was shown to be strongly expressed in Paget disease of the bone, which may partially explain the osteoblastic hyperactivity during this condition. Pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoblasts in osteoblastic metastases have been studied much more thoroughly than in rare sclerosing syndromes: striking cellular mechanisms such as osteomimicry or complex intercellular signaling alterations have been described. Further research is needed to describe pathological mechanisms by which rare sclerosing non hereditary diseases lead to osteoblast dysfunction.
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13
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Kovač Peić A, Šrajer Gajdošik M, Brilliant K, Callanan H, Hixson DC, Begić M, Josić D. Changes in the proteome of extracellular vesicles shed by rat liver after subtoxic exposure to acetaminophen. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1388-1398. [PMID: 33837589 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To identify changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the liver following drug-induced liver injury (DILI), rats were treated with a subtoxic dose (500 mg/kg) of the analgesic drug, acetaminophen (APAP). EVs were collected by liver perfusion of sham and APAP-treated rats. Changes in EVs morphology were examined by transmission electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained vesicles. Results from morphometric analysis of EVs revealed striking differences in their size and distribution. Proteome composition of EVs collected by liver perfusion was determined by mass spectrometry using methods of sample preparation that enabled better detection of both highly hydrophobic proteins and proteins with complex post-translational modifications. The collection of EVs after liver perfusion is an approach that enables the isolation of EVs shed not only by isolated hepatocytes, but also by the entire complement of hepatic cells. EVs derived after DILI had a lower content of alpha-1-macroglobulin, ferritin, and members of cytochrome 450 family. Fibronectin, aminopeptidase N, metalloreductase STEAP4, integrin beta, and members of the annexin family were detected only in APAP-treated samples of EVs. These results show that the present approach can provide valuable insights into the response of the liver following drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kate Brilliant
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Helen Callanan
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Douglas C Hixson
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marija Begić
- Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Djuro Josić
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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14
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Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 and Total Bile Acid Concentrations Are Potential Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1751989. [PMID: 32104677 PMCID: PMC7036095 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1751989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) carries a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and bile acid concentrations are associated with T2DM and HCC. We aimed at evaluating the relationships between FGF19 and bile acid concentrations and HCC in patients with T2DM. Methods Twenty-seven healthy volunteers (control group), 27 patients with T2DM (T2DM group), 16 patients with newly diagnosed HCC (HCC group), and 10 T2DM patients with newly diagnosed HCC (T2DM-HCC group) were studied at the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between June 2016 and June 2017. The serum concentrations of serum FGF19 and total bile acids (TBA) were measured in all the participants. Correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis of the FGF19 and TBA concentrations were performed in all the participants and in the four groups. Results The concentrations of FGF19 were 220.5 pg/ml, 185.1 pg/ml, 115.8 pg/ml, and 70.4 pg/ml in the HCC, T2DM-HCC, control, and T2DM groups, respectively (p < 0.001), and the TBA concentrations were 21.75 μmol/l, 14.25 μmol/l, 14.25 μmol/l, 14.25 μmol/l, 14.25 p < 0.001), and the TBA concentrations were 21.75 r = 0.777; p < 0.001), and the TBA concentrations were 21.75 r = 0.777; p < 0.001), and the TBA concentrations were 21.75 r = 0.777; p < 0.001), and the TBA concentrations were 21.75 r = 0.777; p < 0.001), and the TBA concentrations were 21.75 r = 0.777; p < 0.001), and the TBA concentrations were 21.75 Conclusions Simultaneous increase of serum FGF19 and TBA levels may be used as indicators of HCC screening at early stage in patients with T2DM.
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15
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Galectins in prostate and bladder cancer: tumorigenic roles and clinical opportunities. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:433-445. [PMID: 31015643 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced prostate and bladder cancer are two outstanding unmet medical needs for urological oncologists. The high prevalence of these tumours, lack of effective biomarkers and limited effective treatment options highlight the importance of basic research in these diseases. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins that are frequently altered (upregulated or downregulated) in a wide range of tumours and have roles in different stages of tumour development and progression, including immune evasion. In particular, altered expression levels of different members of the galectin family have been reported in prostate and bladder cancers, which, together with the aberrant glycosylation patterns found in tumour cells and the constituent cell types of the tumour microenvironment, can result in malignant transformation and tumour progression. Understanding the roles of galectin family proteins in the development and progression of prostate and bladder cancer could yield key insights to inform the clinical management of these diseases.
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16
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Zubair H, Patel GK, Khan MA, Azim S, Zubair A, Singh S, Srivastava SK, Singh AP. Proteomic Analysis of MYB-Regulated Secretome Identifies Functional Pathways and Biomarkers: Potential Pathobiological and Clinical Implications. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:794-804. [PMID: 31928012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Earlier we have shown important roles of MYB in pancreatic tumor pathobiology. To better understand the role of MYB in the tumor microenvironment and identify MYB-associated secreted biomarker proteins, we conducted mass spectrometry analysis of the secretome from MYB-modulated and control pancreatic cancer cell lines. We also performed in silico analyses to determine MYB-associated biofunctions, gene networks, and altered biological pathways. Our data demonstrated significant modulation (p < 0.05) of 337 secreted proteins in MYB-silenced MiaPaCa cells, whereas 282 proteins were differentially present in MYB-overexpressing BxPC3 cells, compared to their respective control cells. Alteration of several phenotypes such as cellular movement, cell death and survival, inflammatory response, protein synthesis, etc. was associated with MYB-induced differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in secretomes. DEPs from MYB-silenced MiaPaCa PC cells were suggestive of the downregulation of genes primarily associated with glucose metabolism, PI3K/AKT signaling, and oxidative stress response, among others. DEPs from MYB-overexpressing BxPC3 cells suggested the enhanced release of proteins associated with glucose metabolism and cellular motility. We also observed that MYB positively regulated the expression of four proteins with potential biomarker properties, i.e., FLNB, ENO1, ITGB1, and INHBA. Mining of publicly available databases using Oncomine and UALCAN demonstrated that these genes are overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and associated with reduced patient survival. Altogether, these data provide novel avenues for future investigations on diverse biological functions of MYB, specifically in the tumor microenvironment, and could also be exploited for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama 36617 , United States.,Mitchell Cancer Institute , University of South Alabama , 1660 Springhill Avenue , Mobile , Alabama 36604 , United States
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Mitchell Cancer Institute , University of South Alabama , 1660 Springhill Avenue , Mobile , Alabama 36604 , United States
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama 36617 , United States.,Mitchell Cancer Institute , University of South Alabama , 1660 Springhill Avenue , Mobile , Alabama 36604 , United States
| | - Shafquat Azim
- Mitchell Cancer Institute , University of South Alabama , 1660 Springhill Avenue , Mobile , Alabama 36604 , United States
| | - Asif Zubair
- Molecular and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama 36617 , United States.,Mitchell Cancer Institute , University of South Alabama , 1660 Springhill Avenue , Mobile , Alabama 36604 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama 36688 , United States
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama 36617 , United States.,Mitchell Cancer Institute , University of South Alabama , 1660 Springhill Avenue , Mobile , Alabama 36604 , United States
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama 36617 , United States.,Mitchell Cancer Institute , University of South Alabama , 1660 Springhill Avenue , Mobile , Alabama 36604 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama 36688 , United States
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17
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Nguyen M, De Ninno A, Mencattini A, Mermet-Meillon F, Fornabaio G, Evans SS, Cossutta M, Khira Y, Han W, Sirven P, Pelon F, Di Giuseppe D, Bertani FR, Gerardino A, Yamada A, Descroix S, Soumelis V, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Zalcman G, Camonis J, Martinelli E, Businaro L, Parrini MC. Dissecting Effects of Anti-cancer Drugs and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts by On-Chip Reconstitution of Immunocompetent Tumor Microenvironments. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3884-3893.e3. [PMID: 30590056 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in cancer research is the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, which includes the host immunological setting. Inspired by the emerging technology of organ-on-chip, we achieved 3D co-cultures in microfluidic devices (integrating four cell populations: cancer, immune, endothelial, and fibroblasts) to reconstitute ex vivo a human tumor ecosystem (HER2+ breast cancer). We visualized and quantified the complex dynamics of this tumor-on-chip, in the absence or in the presence of the drug trastuzumab (Herceptin), a targeted antibody therapy directed against the HER2 receptor. We uncovered the capacity of the drug trastuzumab to specifically promote long cancer-immune interactions (>50 min), recapitulating an anti-tumoral ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) immune response. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) antagonized the effects of trastuzumab. These observations constitute a proof of concept that tumors-on-chip are powerful platforms to study ex vivo immunocompetent tumor microenvironments, to characterize ecosystem-level drug responses, and to dissect the roles of stromal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Nguyen
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adele De Ninno
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, Italian National Research Council, 00156 Rome, Italy; Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mencattini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Mermet-Meillon
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giulia Fornabaio
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophia S Evans
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mélissande Cossutta
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Khira
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Weijing Han
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philémon Sirven
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Immunity and Cancer, INSERM U932, INSERM Center of Clinical Investigations, CIC IGR Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Pelon
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Stress and Cancer Team, labelized by Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Davide Di Giuseppe
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Bertani
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, Italian National Research Council, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Gerardino
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, Italian National Research Council, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Ayako Yamada
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vassili Soumelis
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Immunity and Cancer, INSERM U932, INSERM Center of Clinical Investigations, CIC IGR Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Stress and Cancer Team, labelized by Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1425, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Camonis
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Businaro
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, Italian National Research Council, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Parrini
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France; ART Group, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France.
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Liu P, Kong L, Jin H, Wu Y, Tan X, Song B. Differential secretome of pancreatic cancer cells in serum-containing conditioned medium reveals CCT8 as a new biomarker of pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:262. [PMID: 31632196 PMCID: PMC6788113 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The emergence of liquid biopsy is expected to achieve accurate early diagnosis through detection of tumor-derived secreted proteins in the blood. Early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer could help to improve prognosis. Methods The pretreatment approach of samples can have a major effect on downstream analysis. In this study, we used a pair of homologous pancreatic cancer cell supernatants with different capacities for invasion and metastasis to examine secreted proteins in the conditioned media without the removal of fetal bovine serum, namely through size exclusion chromatography combined with high-abundance protein affinity chromatography to enrich low-concentration protein, followed by mass spectrometry using triple dimethyl labeling. Identification of proteins was performed using an online public database and western blot. Results Mass spectrometry data revealed 77 proteins with quantitative properties, of which 12 proteins had over a 1.5-fold difference (in the supernatant of the highly invasive pancreatic cancer cell line PC-1.0, the expression of 8 proteins were increased and the expression of 4 proteins were decreased). Bioinformatics analysis results showed that CCT8, CTSL, SAA1, IGF2 are secreted via the exosome pathway. According to the literature, with the exception of CCT8, the other three proteins can be detected in blood samples of pancreatic cancer patients, and they can be used as prognostic markers. Western blot results were used to validate consistency with MS results. Conclusion This study found that CCT8 can be used as a liquid biopsy marker to assess the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Lingming Kong
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Haoyi Jin
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Bing Song
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China.,2Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
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19
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Lu Y, Dong B, Xu F, Xu Y, Pan J, Song J, Zhang J, Huang Y, Xue W. CXCL1-LCN2 paracrine axis promotes progression of prostate cancer via the Src activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:118. [PMID: 31500632 PMCID: PMC6734451 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms driving the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer are believed to relate substantially to the tumor microenvironment. However, the cross-talks between tumor epithelial cell, stromal cells, and immune cells are yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aims to determine the role of chemokine and neutrophil derived cytokine paracrine axis in mediating the interaction between tumor cells, stromal myofibroblasts, and neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer. METHODS To identify myofibroblasts and neutrophil derived specific proteins affecting progression of prostate cancer, bioinformatics analyses were firstly performed in independent human prostate cancer gene expression data sets from the GEO data bank. Expression of stromal myofibroblasts secretory chemokine CXCL1 and neutrophil derived cytokine LCN2 was evaluated in prostate tissues via immunohistochemistry assay. We further investigated the effect of CXCL1 and LCN2 on prostate cancer using in vivo and in vitro models, and explored the underlying signal transduction pathways. RESULTS A CXCL1-LCN2 paracrine network was confirmed in prostate cancer tissue samples, which was correlated with the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Of note, CXCL1-LCN2 axis activates Src signaling, triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), consequently promotes the migration of prostate cancer cells, leading to enhanced tumor metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may provide enhanced insight into the interactions of carcinoma-stromal cells and immune cells linked to prostate cancer progression, wherein CXCL1-LCN2 axis is a key contributor to prostate cancer cells migration. These data indicate tumor microenvironment and Src signaling pathway may be potential therapeutic targets of prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Lu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Yunze Xu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Jiahua Pan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
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20
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Jeon JM, Kwon OK, Na AY, Sung EJ, Cho IJ, Kim M, Yea SS, Chun SY, Lee JH, Ha YS, Kwon TG, Lee S. Secretome profiling of PC3/nKR cells, a novel highly migrating prostate cancer subline derived from PC3 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220807. [PMID: 31404090 PMCID: PMC6690527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men worldwide. Most PCa cases are not fatal; however, the outlook is poor when PCa spreads to another organ. Bone is the target organ in about 80% of patients who experience metastasis from a primary PCa tumor. In the present study, we characterized the secretome of PC3/nKR cells, which are a new subline of PC3 cells that were originally isolated from nude mice that were implanted with PC3 cells without anti-natural killer (NK) cell treatment. Wound healing and Transwell assays revealed that PC3/nKR cells had increased migratory and invasive activities in addition to a higher resistance to NK cells-induced cytotoxicity as compared to PC3 cells. We quantitatively profiled the secreted proteins of PC3/nKR and PC3 cells by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis coupled with 2-plex tandem mass tag labeling. In total, 598 secretory proteins were identified, and 561 proteins were quantified, among which 45 proteins were secreted more and 40 proteins were secreted less by PC3/nKR cells than by PC3 cells. For validation, the adapter molecule crk, serpin B3, and cystatin-M were analyzed by western blotting. PC3/nKR cells showed the selective secretion of NKG2D ligand 2, HLA-A, and IL-6, which may contribute to their NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity resistance, and had a high secretion of crk protein, which may contribute to their high migration and invasion properties. Based on our secretome analysis, we propose that PC3/nKR cells represent a new cell system for studying the metastasis and progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Mi Jeon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Kwang Kwon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ann-Yae Na
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Sung
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Su Yea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: ;
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Modi A, Dwivedi S, Roy D, Khokhar M, Purohit P, Vishnoi J, Pareek P, Sharma S, Sharma P, Misra S. Growth differentiation factor 15 and its role in carcinogenesis: an update. Growth Factors 2019; 37:190-207. [PMID: 31693861 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2019.1685988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a novel cytokine secreted by a variety of cells like macrophages, adipocytes, normally expressed in high amounts by placenta. It is also highly expressed in multiple carcinomas like Colon, Breast, Pancreas, Liver, and Ovarian. Several reports on serum GDF-15 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer are hampered by the lack of robust data, with large sample size and critical patient recruitment. However, experimental accounts on cancer tumors, cell lines, and animal models suggest GDF-15's role in cancer progression via endothelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and even stemness of various cancers. GDF-15 could be the point of amalgamation for the various hallmarks of cancer and can prove a useful therapeutic target in cancer. The current review was conceptualized with a thought of critically appraising the existing information of GDF-15 in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Modi
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Dipayan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Puneet Pareek
- Department of Radiotherapy, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Oncosurgery, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Wong SK, Mohamad NV, Giaze TR, Chin KY, Mohamed N, Ima-Nirwana S. Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases: The Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2587. [PMID: 31137764 PMCID: PMC6567184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer often develop bone metastases, leading to bone pain, skeletal fracture, and increased mortality. Bone provides a hospitable microenvironment to tumor cells. The disease manifestation is driven by the interaction between invading tumor cells, bone-forming osteoblasts, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. The increased level of osteoclast-activating factor (parathyroid hormone-related peptide, PTHrP) is believed to induce bone resorption by upregulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and the release of various growth factors into the bone microenvironment to enhance cancer cell growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This review outlines the possible molecular mechanisms involved in governing bone metastases driven by prostate cancer, which further provide the basis in searching for new molecular targets for the development of potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Nur-Vaizura Mohamad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Tijjani Rabiu Giaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
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Namekawa T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S. Application of Prostate Cancer Models for Preclinical Study: Advantages and Limitations of Cell Lines, Patient-Derived Xenografts, and Three-Dimensional Culture of Patient-Derived Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010074. [PMID: 30669516 PMCID: PMC6357050 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various preclinical models have been developed to clarify the pathophysiology of prostate cancer (PCa). Traditional PCa cell lines from clinical metastatic lesions, as exemplified by DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells, are useful tools to define mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Cell line-based experiments, however, have limitations for preclinical studies because those cells are basically adapted to 2-dimensional monolayer culture conditions, in which the majority of primary PCa cells cannot survive. Recent tissue engineering enables generation of PCa patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from both primary and metastatic lesions. Compared with fresh PCa tissue transplantation in athymic mice, co-injection of PCa tissues with extracellular matrix in highly immunodeficient mice has remarkably improved the success rate of PDX generation. PDX models have advantages to appropriately recapitulate the molecular diversity, cellular heterogeneity, and histology of original patient tumors. In contrast to PDX models, patient-derived organoid and spheroid PCa models in 3-dimensional culture are more feasible tools for in vitro studies for retaining the characteristics of patient tumors. In this article, we review PCa preclinical model cell lines and their sublines, PDXs, and patient-derived organoid and spheroid models. These PCa models will be applied to the development of new strategies for cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Namekawa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Prostate cancer bone metastasis is the lethal progression of the disease. The disease frequently presents with osteoblastic lesions in bone. The tumor-induced bone can cause complications that significantly hamper the quality of life of patients. A better understanding of how prostate cancer induces aberrant bone formation and how the aberrant bone affects the progression and treatment of the disease may improve the therapies for this disease. RECENT FINDINGS Prostate cancer-induced bone was shown to enhance tumor growth and confer therapeutic resistance in bone metastasis. Clinically, Radium-223, an alpha emitter that selectively targets bone, was shown to improve overall survival in patients, supporting a role of tumor-induced bone in prostate cancer progression in bone. Recently, it was discovered that PCa-induced aberrant bone formation is due, in part, from tumor-associated endothelial cells that were converted into osteoblasts through endothelial-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) conversion by tumor-secreted BMP4. The unique bone-forming phenotype of prostate cancer bone metastasis plays a role in prostate cancer progression in bone and therapy resistance. Therapies that incorporate targeting the tumor-induced osteoblasts or EC-to-OSB conversion mechanism may reduce tumor-induced bone formation and improve therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Chang Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Sec23a mediates miR-200c augmented oligometastatic to polymetastatic progression. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:47-55. [PMID: 30301603 PMCID: PMC6284370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer treatment is based on tumor staging. Curative intent is only applied to localized tumors. Recent studies show that oligometastatic patients who have limited number of metastases may benefit from metastasis-directed local treatments to achieve long-term survival. However, mechanisms underlying oligometastatic to polymetastatic progression remains elusive. Methods The effects of miR-200c and Sec23a on tumor metastasis were verified both in vitro and in vivo. The secretome changes were detected by mass spectrometry. Findings We established a pair of homologous lung-metastasis derived oligometastatic and polymetastatic cell lines from human melanoma cancer cell line M14. Using the two cell lines, we have identified Sec23a, a gene target of miR-200c, suppresses miR-200c augmented oligometastatic to polymetastatic progression via its secretome. Firstly, miR-200c over-expression and Sec23a interference accelerated oligometastatic to polymetatic progression. Secondly, Sec23a functions downstream of miR-200c. Thirdly, mass spectrometric analysis of the secretory protein profile suggests that Sec23a-dependent secretome may impact metastatic colonization by modifying tumor microenvironment. Fourthly, the survival analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas database shows Sec23a as a favorable prognostic marker for skin cutaneous melanoma, supporting the clinical relevance of our findings. Interpretation The finding that Sec23a is a suppressor of oligometastatic to polymetastatic progression has clinical implications. First, it provides a new theoretical framework for the development of treatments that prevent oligometastasis to polymetastasis. Second, Sec23a may be used as a favorable prognostic marker for the selection of patients with stable oligometastatic disease for oligometastasis-based local therapies of curative intent. Fund National Natural Science Foundations of China.
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27
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Martinović T, Šrajer Gajdošik M, Josić D. Sample preparation in foodomic analyses. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1527-1542. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Djuro Josić
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
- Department of Medicine; Brown Medical School; Brown University; Providence RI USA
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28
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Evaluation of Optimized Tube-Gel Methods of Sample Preparation for Large-Scale Plant Proteomics. Proteomes 2018; 6:proteomes6010006. [PMID: 29385730 PMCID: PMC5874765 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The so-called tube-gel method is a sample preparation protocol allowing for management of SDS for protein solubilization through in-gel protein trapping. Because of its simplicity, we assumed that once miniaturized, this method could become a standard for large scale experiments. We evaluated the performances of two variants of the miniaturized version of the tube-gel method based on different solubilization buffers (Tris-SDS or urea-SDS). To this end, we compared them to two other digestion methods: (i) liquid digestion after protein solubilization in the absence of SDS (liquid method) and (ii) filter-aided sample preparation (FASP). As large-scale experiments may require long term gel storage, we also examined to which extent gel aging affected the results of the proteomics analysis. We showed that both tube-gel and FASP methods extracted membrane proteins better than the liquid method, while the latter allowed the identification and quantification of a greater number of proteins. All methods were equivalent regarding quantitative stability. However, important differences were observed regarding post-translational modifications. In particular, methionine oxidation was higher with the tube-gel method than with the other methods. Based on these results, and considering time, simplicity, and cost aspects, we conclude that the miniaturized tube-gel method is suitable for sample preparation in the context of large-scale experiments.
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Coniglio SJ. Role of Tumor-Derived Chemokines in Osteolytic Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:313. [PMID: 29930538 PMCID: PMC5999726 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. The bone marrow is a common destination for many malignant cancers, including breast carcinoma (BC), prostate carcinoma, multiple myeloma, lung carcinoma, uterine cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, and neuroblastoma. The molecular mechanism by which metastatic cancer are able to recognize, infiltrate, and colonize bone are still unclear. Chemokines are small soluble proteins which under normal physiological conditions mediate chemotactic trafficking of leukocytes to specific tissues in the body. In the context of metastasis, the best characterized role for the chemokine system is in the regulation of primary tumor growth, survival, invasion, and homing to specific secondary sites. However, there is ample evidence that metastatic tumors exploit chemokines to modulate the metastatic niche within bone which ultimately results in osteolytic bone disease. In this review, we examine the role of chemokines in metastatic tumor growth within bone. In particular, the chemokines CCL2, CCL3, IL-8/CXCL8, and CXCL12 are consistently involved in promoting osteoclastogenesis and tumor growth. We will also evaluate the suitability of chemokines as targets for chemotherapy with the use of neutralizing antibodies and chemokine receptor-specific antagonists.
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Windrichova J, Kucera R, Fuchsova R, Topolcan O, Fiala O, Svobodova J, Finek J, Slipkova D. An Assessment of Novel Biomarkers in Bone Metastatic Disease Using Multiplex Measurement and Multivariate Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818807466. [PMID: 30343636 PMCID: PMC6198393 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818807466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Current diagnostics of bone metastatic disease is not satisfactory for early detection or regular process monitoring. The combination of biomarkers and the multiparametric approach was described as effective in other oncology diagnoses. The aim of the study was to improve the difference diagnostics between bone-metastatic disease and solid tumors using mutivariate logistic regression model. Methods: We assessed the group of 131 patients with the following diagnoses: prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. According to the results of scintigraphy, the cohort was divided into 2 groups based on the occurrence of bone metastases. Group 0 was a control group of 75 patients with no signs of bone metastases and group 1 included 56 patients with bone metastases. Results: We used stepwise selection multivariate logistic regression for choosing the multimarker formula for calculation of risk score for bone metastases diagnostics. For detection of bone metastasis, it was shown to be most effective measurement of 3 biomarkers: procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, growth differentiation factor-15, and osteonectin and combining with calculation of risk score by designating measured concentrations in mathematical formula: bone risk score = procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide × 0.0500 + growth differentiation factor-15 × 1.4179 + osteonectin × 0.00555. Conclusion: We identified growth differentiation factor-15 as the best individual marker for bone metastasis diagnostics. The best formula for risk score includes levels of 3 biomarkers—procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, growth differentiation factor-15, and osteonectin. The new score has better performance described by higher area under the curve than individual biomarkers. A further study is necessary to confirm these findings incorporating a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindra Windrichova
- 1 Department of Immunochemistry, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kucera
- 1 Department of Immunochemistry, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Fuchsova
- 1 Department of Immunochemistry, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Topolcan
- 1 Department of Immunochemistry, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Fiala
- 2 Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic.,3 Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodova
- 4 Osteocenter, Second Internal Clinic, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Finek
- 2 Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Slipkova
- 1 Department of Immunochemistry, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
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Zhao H, Lv F, Liang G, Huang X, Wu G, Zhang W, Yu L, Shi L, Teng Y. FGF19 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by modulating the GSK3β/β- catenin signaling cascade via FGFR4 activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13575-86. [PMID: 26498355 PMCID: PMC4924662 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) correlates with aggressiveness of tumors and poor survival. FGF19 has been shown to be involved in EMT in cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer, however, molecular mechanisms underlying FGF19-induced EMT process in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. Here, we show the expression of FGF19 is significantly elevated and negatively associated with the expression of E-cadherin in HCC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic FGF19 expression promotes EMT and invasion in epithelial-like HCC cells through repression of E-cadherin expression, whereas FGF19 knockdown enhances E-cadherin expression and hence diminishes EMT traits in mesenchymal-like HCC cells, suggesting FGF19 exerts its tumor progressing functions as an EMT inducer. Interestingly, depletion of FGF19 cannot abrogate EMT traits in the presence of GSK3β inhibitors. Furthermore, FGF19-induced EMT can be markedly attenuated when FGFR4 is knocked out. These observations clearly indicate that FGFR4/GSK3β/β-catenin axis may play a pivotal role in FGF19-induced EMT in HCC cells. As FGF19 and its specific receptor FGFR4 are frequently amplified in HCC cells, selective targeting this signaling node may lend insights into a potential effective therapeutic approach for blocking metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fenglin Lv
- School of Life Sciences and School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guizhao Liang
- School of Life Sciences and School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- School of Life Sciences and School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wenfa Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Le Yu
- School of Life Sciences and School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Life Sciences and School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yong Teng
- School of Life Sciences and School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
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Abstract
Prostate cancer bone metastases are primarily osteoblastic, but the source of bone-forming cells in these lesions remains poorly defined. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Lin et al. (2017) demonstrate that tumor-associated endothelial cells can give rise to osteoblasts in prostate cancer through endothelial-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Peng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Lin SC, Lee YC, Yu G, Cheng CJ, Zhou X, Chu K, Murshed M, Le NT, Baseler L, Abe JI, Fujiwara K, deCrombrugghe B, Logothetis CJ, Gallick GE, Yu-Lee LY, Maity SN, Lin SH. Endothelial-to-Osteoblast Conversion Generates Osteoblastic Metastasis of Prostate Cancer. Dev Cell 2017; 41:467-480.e3. [PMID: 28586644 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis is frequently associated with bone-forming lesions, but the source of the osteoblastic lesions remains unclear. We show that the tumor-induced bone derives partly from tumor-associated endothelial cells that have undergone endothelial-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) conversion. The tumor-associated osteoblasts in PCa bone metastasis specimens and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were found to co-express endothelial marker Tie-2. BMP4, identified in PDX-conditioned medium, promoted EC-to-OSB conversion of 2H11 endothelial cells. BMP4 overexpression in non-osteogenic C4-2b PCa cells led to ectopic bone formation under subcutaneous implantation. Tumor-induced bone was reduced in trigenic mice (Tie2cre/Osxf/f/SCID) with endothelial-specific deletion of osteoblast cell-fate determinant OSX compared with bigenic mice (Osxf/f/SCID). Thus, tumor-induced EC-to-OSB conversion is one mechanism that leads to osteoblastic bone metastasis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Chang Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guoyu Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chien-Jui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Khoi Chu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura Baseler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benoit deCrombrugghe
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Liu Z, Qi L, Li Y, Zhao X, Sun B. VEGFR2 regulates endothelial differentiation of colon cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:593. [PMID: 28854900 PMCID: PMC5577671 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggested that cancer stem-like cells contribute to tumor vasculogenesis by differentiating into endothelial cells. However, such process is governed by still undefined mechanism. Methods At varying differentiation levels, three representative colon cancer cells were cultured in endothelial-inducing conditioned medium: human colon cancer cells HCT116 (HCT116) (poorly differentiated), SW480 (moderately differentiated), and HT29 (well differentiated). We tested for expression of endothelial markers (cluster of differentiation (CD) 31, CD34, and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and their ability to form tube-like structures in 3D culture. We also observed VEGF secretion and expressions of endothelial markers and VEGFRs in HCT116 cells under hypoxia to simulate physiological conditions. In in vitro and in xenotransplantation experiments, VE growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) antagonist SKLB1002 was used to test effect of VEGFR2 in endothelial differentiation of HCT116 cells. Expression levels of VEGFR2 and VE-cadherin were assessed by immunohistochemistry of human colon cancer tissues to evaluate clinicopathological significance of VEGFR2. Results After culturing in endothelial-inducing conditioned medium, poorly differentiated HCT116 cells expressed endothelial markers and formed tube-like structure in vitro. HCT116 cells secreted more endogenous VEGF and expressed higher VEGFR2 under hypoxia. SKLB1002 impaired endothelial differentiation in vitro and xenotransplantation experiments, suggesting a VEGFR2-dependent mechanism. Increased expression of VEGFR2 correlated with differentiation, metastasis/recurrence, and poor prognosis in 203 human colon cancer samples. Positive correlation was observed between VEGFR2 and VE-cadherin expression. Conclusions VEGFR2 regulates endothelial differentiation of colon cancer cell and may be potential platform for anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300060, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300060, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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35
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Inoue T, Terada N, Kobayashi T, Ogawa O. Patient-derived xenografts as in vivo models for research in urological malignancies. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14:267-283. [PMID: 28248952 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lack of appropriate models that recapitulate the complexity and heterogeneity of urological tumours precludes most of the preclinical reagents that target urological tumours from receiving regulatory approval. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are characterized by direct engraftment of patient-derived tumour fragments into immunocompromised mice. PDXs can maintain the original histology, as well as the molecular and genetic characteristics of the source tumour. Thus, PDX models have various advantages over conventional cell-line-derived xenograft (CDX) and other models, which has resulted in an increase in the use of urological tumour PDXs in the analysis of tumour biology and, importantly, for drug development and treatment decisions in personalized medicine. PDX models of urological malignancies have great potential to be used for both basic and clinical research, but limitations exist and need to be overcome. In particular, several agents targeting the immune system have shown promising results in kidney and bladder cancer; however, establishing PDX models in mice with an intact immune system so that an immune response against the tumour is triggered is important to investigate these new therapeutics. Moreover, international collaboration to share PDX models is essential for research concerning fatal urological tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
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36
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Navone NM, Labanca E. Modeling Cancer Metastasis. PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODELS OF HUMAN CANCER 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55825-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Quantitative secretomic analysis of pancreatic cancer cells in serum-containing conditioned medium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37606. [PMID: 27869176 PMCID: PMC5116583 DOI: 10.1038/srep37606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly metastatic and chemo-resistant disease. Secreted proteins involved in cell-cell interactions play an important role in changing the tumor microenvironment. Previous studies generally focus on the secretome of cancer cell line from serum-free media, due to the serious interference of fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, serum-starvation may alter expression patterns of secreted proteins. Hence, efforts to decrease the interference of serum in proteomic analysis of serum-containing media have been hampered to quantitatively measure the tumor secretion levels. Recently, the metabolic labeling, protein equalization, protein fractionation and filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) strategy (MLEFF) has been successfully used to avoid the disturbance of serum on secretome analysis. Here, this efficient method was applied for comparative secretome analysis of two hamster pancreatic cancer cells with differentially metastatic potentials, enabling the observation of 161 differentially expressed proteins, including 106 proteins that had been previously reported and detected in plasma. By integrated analysis of our data and publicly available bioinformatics resources, we found that a combination panel consisting of CDH3, PLAU, and LFNG might improve the prognosis of overall pancreatic cancer survival. These secreted proteins may serve as a potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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38
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Li C, Wang J, Kong J, Tang J, Wu Y, Xu E, Zhang H, Lai M. GDF15 promotes EMT and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:860-72. [PMID: 26497212 PMCID: PMC4808038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer deaths, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been considered to be a fundamental event in cancer metastasis. However, the role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis and EMT remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that GDF15 promoted CRC cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the EMT process was enhanced by GDF15 through binding to TGF-β receptor to activate Smad2 and Smad3 pathways. Clinical data showed GDF15 level in tumor tissues, and the serum was significantly increased, in which high GDF15 level correlated with a reduced overall survival in CRC. Thus, GDF15 may promote colorectal cancer metastasis through activating EMT. Promisingly, GDF15 could be considered as a novel prognostic marker for CRC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Constructing Discipline by Zhejiang Province and Jiaxing City, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianlu Kong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jinlong Tang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Enping Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
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Yoshikawa T, Kobori G, Goto T, Akamatsu S, Terada N, Kobayashi T, Tanaka Y, Jung G, Kamba T, Ogawa O, Inoue T. An original patient-derived xenograft of prostate cancer with cyst formation. Prostate 2016; 76:994-1003. [PMID: 27098584 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high rate of failure of new agents in oncology clinical trials indicates a weak understanding of the complexity of human cancer. Recent understanding of the mechanisms underlying castration resistance in prostate cancer led to the development of new agents targeting the androgen receptor pathway; however, their effectiveness is limited. Hence, there is a need for experimental systems that are able to better reproduce the biological diversity of prostate cancer in preclinical settings. In this study, we established a unique patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model to identify biomarkers for treatment efficacy and resistance and better understand prostate cancer biology. METHODS A prostate cancer tissue sample from a Japanese patient was transplanted subcutaneously into male, severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice and this PDX mouse model was named KUCaP3. Sequential tumor volume changes were observed before and after castration. Androgen receptor (AR), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and other molecular markers were examined immunohistochemically. Sequence analysis of AR was also performed to detect mutations. Proteomic analysis of cyst fluid and sera samples of KUCaP3 mice were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS KUCaP3 cell line, derived from human tissue, was successfully and serially passaged in vivo with approximately 60% take rate. KUCaP3 exhibited cyst formation, showed androgen-dependent growth initially, and developed castration-resistant growth several months after castration of the mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that KUCaP3 was positive for AR, PSA, CK18, and α-methyl acyl-coenzyme A racemase, but negative for CK5/6 and ERG. The AR gene in KUCaP3 cells contained a substitution from CAT (histidine) to TAT (tyrosine) at the nucleotide positions corresponding to codon 875 (H875Y) in the ligand-binding domain. Chemiluminescent immunoassay revealed higher levels of PSA in cystic fluid and the serum of KUCaP3-bearing mice. MS analysis detected 23 proteins of human origin in cystic fluids of KUCaP3. CONCLUSIONS We developed KUCaP3, an androgen-dependent PDX model with cyst formation. Several proteins including PSA were detected in the cystic fluid and sera of tumor-bearing mice. This original PDX model has the potential to be used as a clinically relevant model to evaluate molecular markers for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. Prostate 76:994-1003, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Go Kobori
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanaka
- Toray Industries, Inc., New Frontiers Research Laboratories, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Giman Jung
- Toray Industries, Inc., New Frontiers Research Laboratories, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Lee YC, Lin SC, Yu G, Cheng CJ, Liu B, Liu HC, Hawke DH, Parikh NU, Varkaris A, Corn P, Logothetis C, Satcher RL, Yu-Lee LY, Gallick GE, Lin SH. Identification of Bone-Derived Factors Conferring De Novo Therapeutic Resistance in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4949-59. [PMID: 26530902 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to currently available targeted therapies significantly hampers the survival of patients with prostate cancer with bone metastasis. Here we demonstrate an important resistance mechanism initiated from tumor-induced bone. Studies using an osteogenic patient-derived xenograft, MDA-PCa-118b, revealed that tumor cells resistant to cabozantinib, a Met and VEGFR-2 inhibitor, reside in a "resistance niche" adjacent to prostate cancer-induced bone. We performed secretome analysis of the conditioned medium from tumor-induced bone to identify proteins (termed "osteocrines") found within this resistance niche. In accordance with previous reports demonstrating that activation of integrin signaling pathways confers therapeutic resistance, 27 of the 90 osteocrines identified were integrin ligands. We found that following cabozantinib treatment, only tumor cells positioned adjacent to the newly formed woven bone remained viable and expressed high levels of pFAK-Y397 and pTalin-S425, mediators of integrin signaling. Accordingly, treatment of C4-2B4 cells with integrin ligands resulted in increased pFAK-Y397 expression and cell survival, whereas targeting integrins with FAK inhibitors PF-562271 or defactinib inhibited FAK phosphorylation and reduced the survival of PC3-mm2 cells. Moreover, treatment of MDA-PCa-118b tumors with PF-562271 led to decreased tumor growth, irrespective of initial tumor size. Finally, we show that upon treatment cessation, the combination of PF-562271 and cabozantinib delayed tumor recurrence in contrast to cabozantinib treatment alone. Our studies suggest that identifying paracrine de novo resistance mechanisms may significantly contribute to the generation of a broader set of potent therapeutic tools that act combinatorially to inhibit metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Song-Chang Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guoyu Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chien-Jui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Genetics, Center for Cancer Genetics and Genomics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nila U Parikh
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andreas Varkaris
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert L Satcher
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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41
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New therapeutic targets for cancer bone metastasis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:360-73. [PMID: 25962679 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases are dejected consequences of many types of tumors including breast, prostate, lung, kidney, and thyroid cancers. This complicated process begins with the successful tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, escape from the original site, and penetration into the circulation. The homing of tumor cells to the bone depends on both tumor-intrinsic traits and various molecules supplied by the bone metastatic niche. The colonization and growth of cancer cells in the osseous environment, which awaken their dormancy to form micro- and macro-metastasis, involve an intricate interaction between the circulating tumor cells and local bone cells including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages. We discuss the most recent advances in the identification of new molecules and novel mechanisms during each step of bone metastasis that may serve as promising therapeutic targets.
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42
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Li H, Wang Y, Zhang L, Lu H, Zhou Z, Wei L, Yang P. Facile synthesis of novel magnetic silica nanoparticles functionalized with layer-by-layer detonation nanodiamonds for secretome study. Analyst 2015; 140:7886-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01432h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for fast and efficient specific enrichment of low abundance peptides and proteins in secretome analysis was developed by using novel magnetic silica nanoparticles functionalized with layer-by-layer detonation nanodiamonds (dNDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Liming Wei
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
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