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Beyze A, Larroque C, Le Quintrec M. The role of antibody glycosylation in autoimmune and alloimmune kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00850-0. [PMID: 38961307 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin glycosylation is a pivotal mechanism that drives the diversification of antibody functions. The composition of the IgG glycome is influenced by environmental factors, genetic traits and inflammatory contexts. Differential IgG glycosylation has been shown to intricately modulate IgG effector functions and has a role in the initiation and progression of various diseases. Analysis of IgG glycosylation is therefore a promising tool for predicting disease severity. Several autoimmune and alloimmune disorders, including critical and potentially life-threatening conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and antibody-mediated kidney graft rejection, are driven by immunoglobulin. In certain IgG-driven kidney diseases, including primary membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis, particular glycome characteristics can enhance in situ complement activation and the recruitment of innate immune cells, resulting in more severe kidney damage. Hypofucosylation, hypogalactosylation and hyposialylation are the most common IgG glycosylation traits identified in these diseases. Modulating IgG glycosylation could therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy for regulating the immune mechanisms that underlie IgG-driven kidney diseases and potentially reduce the burden of immunosuppressive drugs in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Beyze
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Christian Larroque
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Moglie Le Quintrec
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Deng G, Chen X, Shao L, Wu Q, Wang S. Glycosylation in autoimmune diseases: A bibliometric and visualization study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30026. [PMID: 38707406 PMCID: PMC11066412 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of research has shown that glycosylation plays a crucial role in autoimmune diseases (ADs), prompting our interest in conducting research on the knowledge framework and hot topics in this field based on bibliometric analysis. Studies on glycosylation in the field of ADs from 2003 to 2023 were collected by searching the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix software. This study included a total of 530 studies. According to the H, G, and M indices, the United States has made the most contributions worldwide, with China making significant contributions in recent years. Leiden University from the Netherlands ranks among the top institutions in terms of publication and citation rankings, with the institution's author Manfred Wuhrer contributing the most to this field. Frontiers in Immunology is the journal with the highest H-index. Research in this field has focused on antibody glycosylation, particularly the specific glycosylation of IgG and IgA, and its role in various ADs. The application of glycoengineering glycosylated proteins in the synthesis of targeted monoclonal antibodies, drug delivery, and regenerative medical materials may be a new trend in the treatment of ADs. Artificial intelligence is an emerging tool in glycobiology. This study summarizes the objective data on glycosylation in the field of AD publications in recent years, providing a reference for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqian Deng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Shao
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
- Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenzhi Wang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Yang J, Ostafe R, Bruening ML. In-Membrane Enrichment and Peptic Digestion to Facilitate Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Glycosylation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6347-6355. [PMID: 38607313 PMCID: PMC11283323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The number of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is growing rapidly due to their widespread use for treating various diseases and health conditions. Assessing the glycosylation profile of mAbs during production is essential to ensuring their safety and efficacy. This research aims to rapidly isolate and digest mAbs for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identification of glycans and monitoring of glycosylation patterns, potentially during manufacturing. Immobilization of an Fc region-specific ligand, oFc20, in a porous membrane enables the enrichment of mAbs from cell culture supernatant and efficient elution with an acidic solution. Subsequent digestion of the mAb eluate occurred in a pepsin-modified membrane within 5 min. The procedure does not require alkylation and desalting, greatly shortening the sample preparation time. Subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis identified 11 major mAb N-glycan proteoforms and assessed the relative peak areas of the glycosylated peptides. This approach is suitable for the glycosylation profiling of various human IgG mAbs, including biosimilars and different IgG subclasses. The total time required for this workflow is less than 2 h, whereas the conventional enzymatic release and labeling of glycans can take much longer. Thus, the integrated membranes are suitable for facilitating the analysis of mAb glycosylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Molecular Evolution, Protein Engineering and Production Facility; Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infection Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Merlin L. Bruening
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
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Sołkiewicz K, Kokot I, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Dorf J, Kratz EM. Are Changes in Serum IgG Glycosylation Related to the Severe Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Recovery Process? In Search of New Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1413-1427. [PMID: 38450051 PMCID: PMC10916521 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s439005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation affects its effector functions and is essential in many steps of the inflammatory cascade. Therefore, it may be an important parameter for assessing the body's immune response during the course of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019). Methods The N- and O-glycosylation of serum IgG in severe COVID-19 patients (n=87), convalescents (n=50), and healthy subjects (n=65) were examined using a modified lectin-ELISA method with specific biotinylated lectins. The obtained data were analyzed using STATISTICA 13.3PL software. Results We showed significantly higher expression of Lewisx oligosaccharide structures in severe COVID-19 patients than in the other two groups. Moreover, significantly lower expression of Lewisy sugar structures in IgG glycans was observed in the convalescents when compared with COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects. The lowest expression of highly branched N-glycans in cases of severe COVID-19 indicates that the development of the disease is associated with the presence of typical IgG biantennary N-glycans. The lack of significant differences in the expression of Tn antigen in IgG between studied groups and the significantly lower expression of T antigen in convalescents compared to the patients with severe COVID-19 and healthy subjects indicates a decrease in the content of the T antigen in IgG O-glycans in subjects recovered from COVID-19. Substantially higher reactivities of IgG O-glycans with Jacalin observed in COVID-19 patients and convalescents in comparison to the control group were most probably caused by increased expression of core 3 O-glycans in IgG. Conclusion Severe COVID-19 is accompanied by the expression in serum IgG of sialylated biantennary and highly branched N-glycans, decorated by fucose of Lewisx and Lewisy structures. The higher reactivity of IgG O-glycans with Jacalin in severe COVID-19 patients and convalescents indicates that the disease development and the recovery process are most probably accompanied by increased expression of the core 3 O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Kokot
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhao Y, Raidas S, Mao Y, Li N. High-Throughput Glycan Profiling of Human Serum IgG Subclasses Using Parallel Reaction Monitoring Peptide Bond Fragmentation of Glycopeptides and Microflow LC-MS. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:585-595. [PMID: 38231888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
LC-MS-based N-glycosylation profiling in four human serum IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) often requires additional affinity-based enrichment of specific IgG subclasses, owing to the high amino acid sequence similarity of Fc glycopeptides among subclasses. Notably, for IgG4 and the major allotype of IgG3, the glycopeptide precursors share identical retention time and mass and therefore cannot be distinguished based on precursor or glycan fragmentation. Here, we developed a parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based method for quantifying Fc glycopeptides through combined transitions generated from both glycosidic and peptide bond fragmentation. The latter enables the subpopulation of IgG3 and IgG4 to be directly distinguished according to mass differences without requiring further enrichment of specific IgG subclasses. In addition, a multinozzle electrospray emitter coupled to a capillary flow liquid chromatograph was used to increase the robustness and detection sensitivity of the method for low-yield peptide backbone fragment ions. The gradient was optimized to decrease the overall run time and make the method compatible with high-throughput analysis. We demonstrated that this method can be used to effectively monitor the relative levels of 13 representative glycoforms, with a good limit of detection for individual IgG subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Shivkumar Raidas
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Yuan Mao
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
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Cheng YH, Lee CH, Wang SY, Chou CY, Yang YJ, Kao CC, Wu HY, Dong Y, Hung WY, Su CY, Tseng ST, Tsai IL. Multiplexed Antibody Glycosylation Profiling Using Dual Enzyme Digestion and Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry Method. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100710. [PMID: 38154690 PMCID: PMC10844133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody glycosylation plays a crucial role in the humoral immune response by regulating effector functions and influencing the binding affinity to immune cell receptors. Previous studies have focused mainly on the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype owing to the analytical challenges associated with other isotypes. Thus, the development of a sensitive and accurate analytical platform is necessary to characterize antibody glycosylation across multiple isotypes. In this study, we have developed an analytical workflow using antibody-light-chain affinity beads to purify IgG, IgA, and IgM from 16 μL of human plasma. Dual enzymes, trypsin and Glu-C, were used during on-bead digestion to obtain enzymatic glycopeptides and protein-specific surrogate peptides. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was used in order to determine the sensitivity and specificity. Our platform targets 95 glycopeptides across the IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes, as well as eight surrogate peptides representing total IgG, four IgG classes, two IgA classes, and IgM. Four stable isotope-labeled internal standards were added after antibody purification to calibrate the preparation and instrumental bias during analysis. Calibration curves constructed using serially diluted plasma samples showed good curve fitting (R2 > 0.959). The intrabatch and interbatch precision for all the targets had relative standard deviation of less than 29.6%. This method was applied to 19 human plasma samples, and the glycosylation percentages were calculated, which were comparable to those reported in the literature. The developed method is sensitive and accurate for Ig glycosylation profiling. It can be used in clinical investigations, particularly for detailed humoral immune profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lee
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Wang
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yushi Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Demicheva E, Dordiuk V, Polanco Espino F, Ushenin K, Aboushanab S, Shevyrin V, Buhler A, Mukhlynina E, Solovyova O, Danilova I, Kovaleva E. Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Based Blood Metabolomics Profiling for Non-Cancer Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:54. [PMID: 38248857 PMCID: PMC10820779 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood metabolomics profiling using mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful approach for investigating non-cancer diseases and understanding their underlying metabolic alterations. Blood, as a readily accessible physiological fluid, contains a diverse repertoire of metabolites derived from various physiological systems. Mass spectrometry offers a universal and precise analytical platform for the comprehensive analysis of blood metabolites, encompassing proteins, lipids, peptides, glycans, and immunoglobulins. In this comprehensive review, we present an overview of the research landscape in mass spectrometry-based blood metabolomics profiling. While the field of metabolomics research is primarily focused on cancer, this review specifically highlights studies related to non-cancer diseases, aiming to bring attention to valuable research that often remains overshadowed. Employing natural language processing methods, we processed 507 articles to provide insights into the application of metabolomic studies for specific diseases and physiological systems. The review encompasses a wide range of non-cancer diseases, with emphasis on cardiovascular disease, reproductive disease, diabetes, inflammation, and immunodeficiency states. By analyzing blood samples, researchers gain valuable insights into the metabolic perturbations associated with these diseases, potentially leading to the identification of novel biomarkers and the development of personalized therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of various mass spectrometry approaches utilized in blood metabolomics research, including GC-MS, LC-MS, and others discussing their advantages and limitations. To enhance the scope, we propose including recent review articles supporting the applicability of GC×GC-MS for metabolomics-based studies. This addition will contribute to a more exhaustive understanding of the available analytical techniques. The Integration of mass spectrometry-based blood profiling into clinical practice holds promise for improving disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and patient outcomes. By unraveling the complex metabolic alterations associated with non-cancer diseases, researchers and healthcare professionals can pave the way for precision medicine and personalized therapeutic interventions. Continuous advancements in mass spectrometry technology and data analysis methods will further enhance the potential of blood metabolomics profiling in non-cancer diseases, facilitating its translation from the laboratory to routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Demicheva
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Vladislav Dordiuk
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Fernando Polanco Espino
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Konstantin Ushenin
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (AIRI), Moscow 105064, Russia
| | - Saied Aboushanab
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.A.); (V.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Vadim Shevyrin
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.A.); (V.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Aleksey Buhler
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Elena Mukhlynina
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Olga Solovyova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Irina Danilova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia; (V.D.); (F.P.E.); (K.U.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (O.S.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Elena Kovaleva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.A.); (V.S.); (E.K.)
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Gulyak EL, Alferova VA, Korshun VA, Sapozhnikova KA. Introduction of Carbonyl Groups into Antibodies. Molecules 2023; 28:7890. [PMID: 38067618 PMCID: PMC10707781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and their derivatives (scFv, Fabs, etc.) represent a unique class of biomolecules that combine selectivity with the ability to target drug delivery. Currently, one of the most promising endeavors in this field is the development of molecular diagnostic tools and antibody-based therapeutic agents, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). To meet this challenge, it is imperative to advance methods for modifying antibodies. A particularly promising strategy involves the introduction of carbonyl groups into the antibody that are amenable to further modification by biorthogonal reactions, namely aliphatic, aromatic, and α-oxo aldehydes, as well as aliphatic and aryl-alkyl ketones. In this review, we summarize the preparation methods and applications of site-specific antibody conjugates that are synthesized using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ksenia A. Sapozhnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.L.G.); (V.A.A.); (V.A.K.)
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9
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Blöchl C, Gstöttner C, Sénard T, Stork EM, Scherer HU, Toes REM, Wuhrer M, Domínguez-Vega E. A robust nanoscale RP HPLC-MS approach for sensitive Fc proteoform profiling of IgG allotypes. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341795. [PMID: 37827688 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The conserved region (Fc) of IgG antibodies dictates the interactions with designated receptors thus defining the immunological effector functions of IgG. Amino acid sequence variations in the Fc, recognized as subclasses and allotypes, as well as post-translational modifications (PTMs) modulate these interactions. Yet, the high similarity of Fc sequences hinders allotype-specific PTM analysis by state-of-the-art bottom-up methods and current subunit approaches lack sensitivity and face co-elution of near-isobaric allotypes. To circumvent these shortcomings, we present a nanoscale reversed-phase (RP) HPLC-MS workflow of intact Fc subunits for comprehensive characterization of Fc proteoforms in an allotype- and subclass-specific manner. Polyclonal IgGs were purified from individuals followed by enzymatic digestion releasing single chain Fc subunits (Fc/2) that were directly subjected to analysis. Chromatographic conditions were optimized to separate Fc/2 subunits of near-isobaric allotypes and subclasses allowing allotype and proteoform identification and quantification across all four IgG subclasses. The workflow was complemented by a semi-automated data analysis pipeline based on the open-source software Skyline followed by post-processing in R. The approach revealed pronounced differences in Fc glycosylation between donors, besides inter-subclass and inter-allotype variability within donors. Notably, partial occupancy of the N-glycosylation site in the CH3 domain of IgG3 was observed that is generally neglected by established approaches. The described method was benchmarked across several hundred runs and showed good precision and robustness. This methodology represents a first mature Fc subunit profiling approach allowing truly subclass- and allotype-specific Fc proteoform characterization beyond established approaches. The comprehensive information obtained paired with the high sensitivity provided by the miniaturization of the approach guarantees applicability to a broad range of research questions including clinically relevant (auto)antibody characterization or pharmacokinetics assessment of therapeutic IgGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Blöchl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Gstöttner
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Sénard
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Maria Stork
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Ulrich Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rene E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Multienzyme deep learning models improve peptide de novo sequencing by mass spectrometry proteomics. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010457. [PMID: 36668672 PMCID: PMC9891523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating and analyzing overlapping peptides through multienzymatic digestion is an efficient procedure for de novo protein using from bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS). Despite improved instrumentation and software, de novo MS data analysis remains challenging. In recent years, deep learning models have represented a performance breakthrough. Incorporating that technology into de novo protein sequencing workflows require machine-learning models capable of handling highly diverse MS data. In this study, we analyzed the requirements for assembling such generalizable deep learning models by systemcally varying the composition and size of the training set. We assessed the generated models' performances using two test sets composed of peptides originating from the multienzyme digestion of samples from various species. The peptide recall values on the test sets showed that the deep learning models generated from a collection of highly N- and C-termini diverse peptides generalized 76% more over the termini-restricted ones. Moreover, expanding the training set's size by adding peptides from the multienzymatic digestion with five proteases of several species samples led to a 2-3 fold generalizability gain. Furthermore, we tested the applicability of these multienzyme deep learning (MEM) models by fully de novo sequencing the heavy and light monomeric chains of five commercial antibodies (mAbs). MEMs extracted over 10000 matching and overlapped peptides across six different proteases mAb samples, achieving a 100% sequence coverage for 8 of the ten polypeptide chains. We foretell that the MEMs' proven improvements to de novo analysis will positively impact several applications, such as analyzing samples of high complexity, unknown nature, or the peptidomics field.
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11
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Yang N, Maskey AR, Srivastava K, Kim M, Wang Z, Musa I, Shi Y, Gong Y, Fidan O, Wang J, Dunkin D, Chung D, Zhan J, Miao M, Sampson HA, Li XM. Inhibition of pathologic immunoglobulin E in food allergy by EBF-2 and active compound berberine associated with immunometabolism regulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1081121. [PMID: 36825019 PMCID: PMC9941740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Food allergy is a significant public health problem with limited treatment options. As Food Allergy Herbal Formula 2 (FAHF-2) showed potential as a food allergy treatment, we further developed a purified version named EBF-2 and identified active compounds. We investigated the mechanisms of EBF-2 on IgE-mediated peanut (PN) allergy and its active compound, berberine, on IgE production. Methods IgE plasma cell line U266 cells were cultured with EBF-2 and FAHF-2, and their effects on IgE production were compared. EBF-2 was evaluated in a murine PN allergy model for its effect on PN-specific IgE production, number of IgE+ plasma cells, and PN anaphylaxis. Effects of berberine on IgE production, the expression of transcription factors, and mitochondrial glucose metabolism in U266 cells were evaluated. Results EBF-2 dose-dependently suppressed IgE production and was over 16 times more potent than FAHF-2 in IgE suppression in U266 cells. EBF-2 significantly suppressed PN-specific IgE production (70%, p<0.001) and the number of IgE-producing plasma cells in PN allergic mice, accompanied by 100% inhibition of PN-induced anaphylaxis and plasma histamine release (p<0.001) without affecting IgG1 or IgG2a production. Berberine markedly suppressed IgE production, which was associated with suppression of XBP1, BLIMP1, and STAT6 transcription factors and a reduced rate of mitochondrial oxidation in an IgE-producing plasma cell line. Conclusions EBF-2 and its active compound berberine are potent IgE suppressors, associated with cellular regulation of immunometabolism on IgE plasma cells, and may be a potential therapy for IgE-mediated food allergy and other allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- General Nutraceutical Technology, Elmsford, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Anish R Maskey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Kamal Srivastava
- General Nutraceutical Technology, Elmsford, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Monica Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zixi Wang
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ibrahim Musa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yixuan Gong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ozkan Fidan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Julie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Dunkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Danna Chung
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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12
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Dan W, Li C, Li J, Li P, Xin M, Chen Z, Dang L, Yu Z, Li J, Shen J, Hu L, Sun S. Glycoproteomic analysis reveals the effects of bisecting GlcNAc in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:737-745. [PMID: 36322335 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second major subtype of primary liver cancer and has caused more and more attention with increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. Our previous study found that bisecting N-glycans are commonly increased in ICC, while the effects and potential functions of bisecting GlcNAc in ICC are still largely unclear. In this study, we further confirmed that the structures of bisecting GlcNAc were significantly up-regulated in ICC compared with paracancer tissues by glycoproteomic data and lectin histochemistry. The expression of its glycosyltransferase MGAT3 was also up-regulated in ICC tissues at both mRNA and protein levels, and expression of MGAT3 is negatively correlated with overall survival explored by bioinformatic analyses and published datasets from 255 patients. Next, the silencing of MGAT3 could inhibit the growth and invasion of ICC cells, and overexpressing of MGAT3 only promoted ICC cell invasion. Further glycoproteomic analysis showed that the commonly glycoproteins modified by bisecting GlcNAc after MGAT3-overexpression in two ICC cell lines were mainly involved in cell movement-related biological processes, such as cell adhesion, integrin-related and ECM-receptor interaction. This study sheds light on the potential effects of bisecting GlcNAc in ICC cells and suggests that MGAT3 might be used as a potential target in the therapy of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Zexuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Liuyi Dang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiechen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Liangshuo Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.
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13
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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14
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Argentova V, Aliev T, Dolgikh D, Pakanová Z, Katrlík J, Kirpichnikov M. Features, modulation and analysis of glycosylation patterns of therapeutic recombinant immunoglobulin A. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:247-269. [PMID: 35377278 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2060594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the production of recombinant antibodies while ensuring high and stable protein quality remains a challenge in mammalian cell culture. This review is devoted to advances in the field of obtaining stable and optimal glycosylation of therapeutic antibodies based on IgA, as well as the subsequent issues of glycosylation control of glycoproteins during their production. Current studies also demonstrate a general need for a more fundamental understanding of the use of CHO cell-based producer cell lines, through which the glycoprofile of therapeutic IgA antibodies is produced and the dependence of glycosylation on culture conditions could be controlled. Optimization of glycosylation improves the therapeutic efficacy and can expand the possibilities for the creation of highly effective glycoprotein therapeutic drugs. Current status and trends in glycan analysis of therapeutic IgA, dominantly based on mass spectrometry and lectin microarrays are herein summarised as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Argentova
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Teimur Aliev
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dolgikh
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesShemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zuzana Pakanová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mikhail Kirpichnikov
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesShemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Remoroza CA, Burke MC, Yang X, Sheetlin S, Mirokhin Y, Markey SP, Tchekhovskoi DV, Stein SE. Mass Spectral Library Methods for Analysis of Site-Specific N-Glycosylation: Application to Human Milk Proteins. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2421-2434. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Concepcion A. Remoroza
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Meghan C. Burke
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sergey Sheetlin
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yuri Mirokhin
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sanford P. Markey
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Dmitrii V. Tchekhovskoi
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen E. Stein
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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16
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N-Glycosylation of monoclonal antibody therapeutics: A comprehensive review on significance and characterization. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Pernin V, Bec N, Beyze A, Bourgeois A, Szwarc I, Champion C, Chauvin A, Rene C, Mourad G, Merville P, Visentin J, Perrochia H, Couzi L, Larroque C, Le Quintrec M. IgG3 donor-specific antibodies with a proinflammatory glycosylation profile may be associated with the risk of antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:865-875. [PMID: 34863025 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) varies according to their characteristics. While their MFI, complement-fixing ability, and IgG3 subclass are associated with ABMR occurrence and graft loss, they are not fully predictive of outcomes. We investigated the role of the Fc glycosylation of IgG3 dnDSA in ABMR occurrence using mass spectrometry after isolation by single HLA antigen beads. Between 2014 and 2018, we enrolled 54 patients who developed dnDSA (ABMR- n = 24; ABMR+ n = 30) in two French transplant centers. Fucosylation, galactosylation, GlcNAc bisection, and sialylation of IgG3 dnDSA were compared between ABMR+ and ABMR- patients. IgG3 dnDSA from ABMR+ patients exhibited significantly lower sialylation (7.5% vs. 10.5%, p < .001) and higher GlcNAc bisection (20.6% vs. 17.4%, p = .008). Fucosylation and galactosylation were similar in both groups. DSA glycosylation was not correlated with DSA MFI. In a multivariate analysis, low IgG3 sialylation, high IgG3%, time from transplantation to kidney biopsy, and tacrolimus-free regimen were independent predictive factors of ABMR. We conclude that a proinflammatory glycosylation profile of IgG3 dnDSA is associated with a risk of ABMR occurrence. Further studies are needed to confirm the clinical interest of DSA glycosylation and to clarify its role in determining the risk of ABMR and graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pernin
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France.,IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Bec
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anaïs Beyze
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France.,IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexis Bourgeois
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilan Szwarc
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Coralie Champion
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Chauvin
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Rene
- Department of immunology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Georges Mourad
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France.,IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Merville
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.,ImmunoConcEpT, UMR CNRS 5164, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jonathan Visentin
- ImmunoConcEpT, UMR CNRS 5164, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Helene Perrochia
- Department of Pathology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.,ImmunoConcEpT, UMR CNRS 5164, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Moglie Le Quintrec
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France.,IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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18
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Sołkiewicz K, Krotkiewski H, Jędryka M, Czekański A, Kratz EM. The Alterations of Serum IgG Fucosylation as a Potential Additional New Diagnostic Marker in Advanced Endometriosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:251-266. [PMID: 35058701 PMCID: PMC8764169 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s341906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease leading to the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus, which affects approximately 10% of young women of reproductive potential. The diagnosis of this disease is difficult, often invasive and time-consuming, therefore non-invasive diagnostic methods are strongly desirable in endometriosis detection. The aim of our project was to investigate whether any associations exist between the expression of serum IgG fucosylation and advanced stages of endometriosis. We were also interested in whether native serum IgG (s-IgG) fucosylation analysis, without prior IgG isolation, could provide a panel of parameters helpful in non-invasive diagnostics of advanced endometriosis. METHODS IgG fucosylation was examined using a lectin-ELISA test with fucose-specific lectins: AAL and LCA, specific for core fucose α1,6-linked, as well as LTA and UEA which recognize α1,3- and α1,2-linked fucose, respectively. RESULTS ROC curve and cluster analysis showed s-IgG reactivities with the panel of fucose-specific lectins AAL, LCA and LTA. CONCLUSION s-IgG reactivity with the panel of fucose-specific lectins AAL, LCA and LTA can be taken into account as a useful diagnostic and clinical tool to differentiate women with advanced endometriosis. Moreover, it has been shown that the analysis of native IgG fucosylation directly in serum, without prior time-consuming, expensive IgG isolation, is sufficient to distinguish advanced stages of endometriosis from a control group of healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Hubert Krotkiewski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
| | - Marcin Jędryka
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
| | - Andrzej Czekański
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
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19
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Wojcik I, Schmidt DE, de Neef LA, Rab MAE, Meek B, de Weerdt O, Wuhrer M, van der Schoot CE, Zwaginga JJ, de Haas M, Falck D, Vidarsson G. A functional spleen contributes to afucosylated IgG in humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24045. [PMID: 34911982 PMCID: PMC8674363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a lymphoid organ, the spleen hosts a wide range of immune cell populations, which not only remove blood-borne antigens, but also generate and regulate antigen-specific immune responses. In particular, the splenic microenvironment has been demonstrated to play a prominent role in adaptive immune responses to enveloped viral infections and alloantigens. During both types of immunizations, antigen-specific immunoglobulins G (IgGs) have been characterized by the reduced amount of fucose present on N-linked glycans of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. These glycans are essential for mediating the induction of immune effector functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that a spleen may modulate humoral responses and serve as a preferential site for afucosylated IgG responses, which potentially play a role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) pathogenesis. To determine the role of the spleen in IgG-Fc glycosylation, we performed IgG subclass-specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of Fc glycosylation in a large cohort of individuals splenectomized due to trauma, due to ITP, or spherocytosis. IgG-Fc fucosylation was consistently increased after splenectomy, while no effects for IgG-Fc galactosylation and sialylation were observed. An increase in IgG1- and IgG2/3-Fc fucosylation level upon splenectomy has been reported here for the first time, suggesting that immune responses occurring in the spleen may be particularly prone to generate afucosylated IgG responses. Surprisingly, the level of total IgG-Fc fucosylation was decreased in ITP patients compared to healthy controls. Overall, our results suggest a yet unrecognized role of the spleen in either the induction or maintenance of afucosylated IgG responses by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wojcik
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - David E Schmidt
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa A de Neef
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minke A E Rab
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory-Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Meek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Okke de Weerdt
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Zwaginga
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Mueller AL, Payandeh Z, Mohammadkhani N, Mubarak SMH, Zakeri A, Alagheband Bahrami A, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M. Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113017. [PMID: 34831240 PMCID: PMC8616543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory, and progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show very individual courses of disease, with RA focusing on the musculoskeletal system, joints are often severely affected, leading to local inflammation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. To prevent joint damage and physical disability as one of many symptoms of RA, early diagnosis is critical. Auto-antibodies play a pivotal clinical role in patients with systemic RA. As biomarkers, they could help to make a more efficient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision. Besides auto-antibodies, several other factors are involved in the progression of RA, such as epigenetic alterations, post-translational modifications, glycosylation, autophagy, and T-cells. Understanding the interplay between these factors would contribute to a deeper insight into the causes, mechanisms, progression, and treatment of the disease. In this review, the latest RA research findings are discussed to better understand the pathogenesis, and finally, treatment strategies for RA therapy are presented, including both conventional approaches and new methods that have been developed in recent years or are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran;
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
- Children’s Medical Center, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Shaden M. H. Mubarak
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf 1967365271, Iraq;
| | - Alireza Zakeri
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran;
| | - Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-72624
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21
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Chen MX, Su HH, Shiao CY, Chang YT, Chang MC, Kao CC, Wang SY, Shih HC, Tsai IL. Affinity Purification Coupled to Stable Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS Analysis to Discover IgG4 Glycosylation Profiles for Autoimmune Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111527. [PMID: 34768956 PMCID: PMC8584136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is categorized as an IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), where a high concentration of plasma IgG4 is one of the common biomarkers among patients. IgG Fc-glycosylation has been reported to be potential biosignatures for diseases. However, human IgG3 and IgG4 Fc-glycopeptides from populations in Asia were found to be isobaric ions when using LC-MS/MS as an analytical tool. In this study, an analytical workflow that coupled affinity purification and stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS was developed to dissect IgG4 glycosylation profiles for autoimmune pancreatitis. Comparing the IgG4 and glycosylation profiles among healthy controls, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and AIP, the IgG4 glycosylations from the AIP group were found to have more digalactosylation (compared to PDAC) and less monogalactosylation (compared to HC). In addition, higher fucosylation and sialylation profiles were also discovered for the AIP group. The workflow is efficient and selective for IgG4 glycopeptides, and can be used for clinical biosignature discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael X. Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8Z6R5, Canada;
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W2Y2, Canada
| | - Ho-Hsuan Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
| | - Ching-Ya Shiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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22
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He F, Zhang T, Xue K, Fang Z, Jiang G, Huang S, Li K, Gu Z, Shi H, Zhang Z, Zhu H, Lin L, Li J, Xiao F, Shan H, Yan R, Li X, Yan Z. Fecal multi-omics analysis reveals diverse molecular alterations of gut ecosystem in COVID-19 patients. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338881. [PMID: 34538334 PMCID: PMC8310733 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gut ecosystem has profound effects on host physiology and health. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were frequently observed in patients with COVID-19. Compared with other organs, gut antiviral response can result in more complicated immune responses because of the interactions between the gut microbiota and host immunity. However, there are still large knowledge gaps in the impact of COVID-19 on gut molecular profiles and commensal microbiome, hindering our comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of COVID-19. We performed longitudinal stool multi-omics profiling to systemically investigate the molecular phenomics alterations of gut ecosystem in COVID-19. Gut proteomes of COVID-19 were characterized by disturbed immune, proteolysis and redox homeostasis. The expression and glycosylation of proteins involved in neutrophil degranulation and migration were suppressed, while those of proteases were upregulated. The variable domains of Ig heavy chains were downregulated and the overall glycosylation of IgA heavy chain constant regions, IgGFc-binding protein, and J chain were suppressed with glycan-specific variations. There was a reduction of beneficial gut bacteria and an enrichment of bacteria derived deleterious metabolites potentially associated with multiple types of diseases (such as ethyl glucuronide). The reduction of Ig heave chain variable domains may contribute to the increase of some Bacteroidetes species. Many bacteria ceramide lipids with a C17-sphingoid based were downregulated in COVID-19. In many cases, the gut phenome did not restore two months after symptom onset. Our study indicates widely disturbed gut molecular profiles which may play a role in the development of symptoms in COVID-19. Our findings also emphasis the need for ongoing investigation of the long-term gut molecular and microbial alterations during COVID-19 recovery process. Considering the gut ecosystem as a potential target could offer a valuable approach in managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang He
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Kewen Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Siwen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Kexue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Honggang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Huijin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao,Corresponding author
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China,Corresponding author
| | - Zhixiang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China,Corresponding author
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23
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Oliveira T, Thaysen-Andersen M, Packer NH, Kolarich D. The Hitchhiker's guide to glycoproteomics. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1643-1662. [PMID: 34282822 PMCID: PMC8421054 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications that are essential for cell function across all domains of life. Changes in glycosylation are considered a hallmark of many diseases, thus making glycoproteins important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets. Glycoproteomics, the study of glycans and their carrier proteins in a system-wide context, is becoming a powerful tool in glycobiology that enables the functional analysis of protein glycosylation. This 'Hitchhiker's guide to glycoproteomics' is intended as a starting point for anyone who wants to explore the emerging world of glycoproteomics. The review moves from the techniques that have been developed for the characterisation of single glycoproteins to technologies that may be used for a successful complex glycoproteome characterisation. Examples of the variety of approaches, methodologies, and technologies currently used in the field are given. This review introduces the common strategies to capture glycoprotein-specific and system-wide glycoproteome data from tissues, body fluids, or cells, and a perspective on how integration into a multi-omics workflow enables a deep identification and characterisation of glycoproteins - a class of biomolecules essential in regulating cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Oliveira
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Griffith University, QLD and Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Griffith University, QLD and Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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24
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Zeng X, Li S, Tang S, Li X, Zhang G, Li M, Zeng X, Hu C. Changes of Serum IgG Glycosylation Patterns in Primary Biliary Cholangitis Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669137. [PMID: 34248947 PMCID: PMC8267527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease whose diagnosis is based significantly on autoantibody detection. This study aims to investigate the glycosylation profile of serum IgG in PBC patients using high-throughput lectin microarrays technology. Method Lectin microarray containing 56 lectins was used to detect and analyze the expression of serum IgG glycosylation in 99 PBC patients, 70 disease controls (DCs), and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Significant differences in PBC from control groups as well as across PBC subgroups positive for various autoantibodies were explored and verified by lectin blot technique. Results Lectin microarray detection revealed that compared to DC and HC groups, the specific glycan level of serum IgG sialic acid in PBC patients was increased. For each PBC subgroup, glycan levels of IgG mannose and galactose were decreased in AMA-M2 positive PBC patients compared to the AMA-M2 negative group. IgG N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and fucose were decreased in anti-sp100 positive patients. IgG galactose was increased in anti-gp210 positive patients. IgG mannose was decreased in ACA-positive patients. Although the difference in overall sialic acid level was not observed using lectin blot, all results among the above PBC subgroups were consistent with the results of the technique. Conclusion Lectin microarray is an effective and reliable technique for analyzing glycan structure. PBC patients positive for different autoantibody exhibits distinct glycan profile. Altered levels of glycosylation may be related to the occurrence and development of the disease, which could provide a direction for new biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID) Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID) Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID) Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID) Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID) Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID) Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID) Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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25
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Optimization of a human milk-directed quantitative sIgA ELISA method substantiated by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5037-5049. [PMID: 34169348 PMCID: PMC8405464 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are the primary protective products in human milk and are responsible for transferring maternal pathogen memory to the infant, providing protection by binding to recognized pathogens and inhibiting virulence. To better understand potentially protective/anti-infective compounds in human milk, the establishment of human milk–tailored analytical approaches is crucial, as most contemporary analytical methods have been optimized for plasma or serum. One of the most prominent immunoglobulins in human milk is secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which may be relevant for the protection of breastfed infants from harmful pathogens. Advanced sIgA detection methods can help monitor the immune status and development of the mother-infant dyad. We therefore developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sIgA method for the quantitative analysis of IgA plus secretory component (SC), validated with sIgA standards and substantiated by mass spectrometry (MS)–based proteomics. A very strong correlation was observed between the MS-detected IgA1 and the human milk–specific sIgA ELISA (r = 0.82). Overall, the MS data indicate that the developed human milk sIgA ELISA does not differentiate between sIgA1 and sIgA2 and is, therefore, a reflection of total sIgA. Furthermore, our MS data and the human milk–derived sIgA ELISA data are better correlated than data derived from a standard serum IgA ELISA kit (relative to MS IgA1 r = 0.82 and r = 0.42, respectively). We therefore propose our human milk–specific sIgA ELISA as an ideal quantitative indicator of total sIgA with advantages over current serum IgA ELISA kits.
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26
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Glycomic-Based Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer: Advances and Challenges. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040643. [PMID: 33916250 PMCID: PMC8065431 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains one of the most common causes of death among gynecological malignancies afflicting women worldwide. Among the gynecological cancers, cervical and endometrial cancers confer the greatest burden to the developing and the developed world, respectively; however, the overall survival rates for patients with ovarian cancer are worse than the two aforementioned. The majority of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage when cancer has metastasized to different body sites and the cure rates, including the five-year survival, are significantly diminished. The delay in diagnosis is due to the absence of or unspecific symptoms at the initial stages of cancer as well as a lack of effective screening and diagnostic biomarkers that can detect cancer at the early stages. This, therefore, provides an imperative to prospect for new biomarkers that will provide early diagnostic strategies allowing timely mitigative interventions. Glycosylation is a protein post-translational modification that is modified in cancer patients. In the current review, we document the state-of-the-art of blood-based glycomic biomarkers for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and the technologies currently used in this endeavor.
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27
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Wang S, Liu D, Qu J, Zhu H, Chen C, Gibbons C, Greenway H, Wang P, Bollag RJ, Liu K, Li L. Streamlined Subclass-Specific Absolute Quantification of Serum IgG Glycopeptides Using Synthetic Isotope-Labeled Standards. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4449-4455. [PMID: 33630567 PMCID: PMC8715724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Absolute glycoproteomics quantification has drawn tremendous attention owing to its prospects in biomarker discovery and clinical implementation but is impeded by a general lack of suitable heavy isotope-labeled glycopeptide standards. In this study, we devised a facile chemoenzymatic strategy to synthesize a total of 36 human IgG glycopeptides attached with well-defined glycoforms, including 15 isotope-labeled ones with a mass increment of 6 Da to their native counterparts. Spiking of these standards into human sera enabled simplified, robust, and precise absolute quantification of IgG glycopeptides in a subclass-specific fashion. Additionally, the implementation of the absolute quantification approach revealed subclass-dependent alteration of serum IgG galactosylation and sialylation in colon cancer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jingyao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Congcong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Harmon Greenway
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Roni J Bollag
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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28
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Sołkiewicz K, Krotkiewski H, Jędryka M, Kratz EM. Variability of serum IgG sialylation and galactosylation degree in women with advanced endometriosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5586. [PMID: 33692455 PMCID: PMC7970930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease which diagnostics is difficult and often invasive, therefore non-invasive diagnostics methods and parameters are needed for endometriosis detection. The aim of our study was to analyse the glycosylation of native serum IgG and IgG isolated from sera of women classified as: with endometriosis, without endometriosis but with some benign ginecological disease, and control group of healthy women, in context of its utility for differentiation of advanced endometriosis from the group of healthy women. IgG sialylation and galactosylation/agalactosylation degree was determined using specific lectins: MAA and SNA detecting sialic acid α2,3- and α2,6-linked, respectively, RCA-I and GSL-II specific to terminal Gal and terminal GlcNAc, respectively. The results of ROC and cluster analysis showed that the serum IgG MAA-reactivity, sialylation and agalactosylation factor may be used as supplementary parameters for endometriosis diagnostics and could be taken into account as a useful clinical tool to elucidate women with high risk of endometriosis development. Additionally, we have shown that the analysis of native serum IgG glycosylation, without the prior time-consuming and expensive isolation of the protein, is sufficient to differentiation endometriosis from a group of healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hubert Krotkiewski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla Street 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Jędryka
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Hirszfeld Square 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hirszfeld Square 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa M Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
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29
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Hirschberg D, Ekman B, Wahlberg J, Landberg E. Altered immunoglobulin G glycosylation in patients with isolated hyperprolactinaemia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247805. [PMID: 33635916 PMCID: PMC7909626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced in the anterior pituitary, which increase in several physiological and pathological situations. It is unclear if hyperprolactinaemia may affect glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Twenty-five patients with hyperprolactinemia and 22 healthy control subjects were included in the study. The groups had similar age and gender distribution. A panel of hormonal and haematological analyses, creatinine, glucose, liver enzymes and immunoglobulins were measured by routine clinical methods. IgG was purified from serum by Protein G Sepharose. Sialic acid was released from IgG by use of neuraminidase followed by quantification on high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Tryptic glycopeptides of IgG was analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Hormone and immunoglobulin levels were similar in the two groups, except for IgA and prolactin. Significantly higher IgG1 and IgG2/3 galactosylation was found in the patient group with hyperprolactinaemia compared to controls. (A significant correlation between prolactin and IgG2/3 galactosylation (Rs 0.61, p<0.001) was found for samples with prolactin values below 2000 mIU/L. The relative amount of sialylated and bisecting glycans on IgG did not differ between patients and controls. The four macroprolactinaemic patients showed decreased relative amount of bisecting IgG2/3 glycans. Hyperprolactinaemia was found to be associated with increased galactosylation of IgG1and IgG2/3. This may have impact on IgG interactions with Fc-receptors, complement and lectins, and consequently lead to an altered immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertil Ekman
- Department of Endocrinology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Wahlberg
- Department of Endocrinology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Landberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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30
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Verathamjamras C, Sriwitool TE, Netsirisawan P, Chaiyawat P, Chokchaichamnankit D, Prasongsook N, Srisomsap C, Svasti J, Champattanachai V. Aberrant RL2 O-GlcNAc antibody reactivity against serum-IgA1 of patients with colorectal cancer. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:55-65. [PMID: 33608772 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, a single attachment of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on serine and threonine residues, plays important roles in normal and pathobiological states of many diseases. Aberrant expression of O-GlcNAc modification was found in many types of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). This modification mainly occurs in nuclear-cytoplasmic proteins; however, it can exist in some extracellular and secretory proteins. In this study, we investigated whether O-GlcNAc-modified proteins are present in serum of patients with CRC. Serum glycoproteins of CRC patients and healthy controls were enriched by wheat germ agglutinin, a glycan binding protein specifically binds to terminal GlcNAc and sialic acid. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, RL2 O-GlcNAc immunoblotting, affinity purification, and mass spectrometry were performed. The results showed that RL2 O-GlcNAc antibody predominantly reacted against serum immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1). The levels of RL2-reacted IgA were significantly increased while total IgA were not different in patients with CRC compared to those of healthy controls. Analyses by ion trap mass spectrometry using collision-induced dissociation and electron-transfer dissociation modes revealed one O-linked N-acetylhexosamine modification site at Ser268 located in the heavy constant region of IgA1; unfortunately, it cannot be discriminated whether it was N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine because of their identical molecular mass. Although failed to demonstrate unequivocally it was O-GlcNAc, these data indicated that serum-IgA had an aberrantly increased reactivity against RL2 O-GlcNAc antibody in CRC patients. This specific glycosylated form of serum-IgA1 will expand the spectrum of aberrant glycosylation which provides valuable information to cancer glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Verathamjamras
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tanin-Ek Sriwitool
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.,Muscoloskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Naiyarat Prasongsook
- Divison of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chantragan Srisomsap
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Voraratt Champattanachai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand. .,Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
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31
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Juskewitch JE, Murray JD, Norgan AP, Moldenhauer SK, Tauscher CD, Jacob EK, Murray DL. In from the cold: M-protein light chain glycosylation is positively associated with cold agglutinin titer levels. Transfusion 2021; 61:1302-1311. [PMID: 33502021 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a monoclonal antibody (M-protein) and complement-mediated chronic hemolytic disease process. Antibody glycosylation can play a role in both antibody half-life and complement fixation. Recently, M-protein light chain (LC) glycosylation has been shown to be associated with AL amyloidosis. We hypothesized that M-protein LC glycosylation is also associated with cold agglutinin (CA) titers and CA-mediated hemolysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of patients undergoing CA titer evaluation underwent mass spectrometric analysis for M-proteins and M-protein LC glycosylation. A subset of serum samples also underwent evaluation for the ability to trigger cold hemolysis in vitro. M-protein and M-protein LC glycosylation rates were compared across CA titer groups, clinical diagnosis, direct antiglobulin testing (DAT) results, and cold in vitro hemolysis rates. RESULTS Both M-protein and M-protein LC glycosylation rates significantly differed across CA titer groups with the highest rates in those with elevated CA titers. M-protein LC glycosylation occurred almost exclusively on IgM kappa M-proteins and was significantly associated with positive DAT results and a clinical diagnosis of CAD. Cold in vitro hemolysis was demonstrated in two patients who both had a CA titer of more than 512 but there was no significant association with CA titer group or M-protein LC glycosylation status. CONCLUSION M-protein LC glycosylation is significantly associated with higher CA titer levels. Given the role that antibody glycosylation can play in antibody half-life and complement fixation, further studies are needed to clarify the effects of LC glycosylation within the context of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Juskewitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Josiah D Murray
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew P Norgan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sheila K Moldenhauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Craig D Tauscher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eapen K Jacob
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David L Murray
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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32
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Habazin S, Štambuk J, Šimunović J, Keser T, Razdorov G, Novokmet M. Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:73-135. [PMID: 34687008 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry and its hyphenated techniques enabled by the improvements in liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, novel ionization, and fragmentation modes are truly a cornerstone of robust and reliable protein glycosylation analysis. Boost in immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycan and glycopeptide profiling demands for both applied biomedical and research applications has brought many new advances in the field in terms of technical innovations, sample preparation, improved throughput, and confidence in glycan structural characterization. This chapter summarizes mass spectrometry basics, focusing on IgG and monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation analysis on several complexity levels. Different approaches, including antibody enrichment, glycan release, labeling, and glycopeptide preparation and purification, are covered and illustrated with recent breakthroughs and examples from the literature omitting excessive theoretical frameworks. Finally, selected highly popular methodologies in IgG glycoanalytics such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization are discussed more thoroughly yet in simple terms making this text a practical starting point either for the beginner in the field or an experienced clinician trying to make sense out of the IgG glycomic or glycoproteomic dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siniša Habazin
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mislav Novokmet
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
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Petrović T, Lauc G, Trbojević-Akmačić I. The Importance of Glycosylation in COVID-19 Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:239-264. [PMID: 34495539 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently one of the major health problems worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 survival and virulence are shown to be impacted by glycans, covalently attached to proteins in a process of glycosylation, making glycans an area of interest in SARS-CoV-2 biology and COVID-19 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 uses its highly glycosylated spike (S) glycoproteins to bind to the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) glycoprotein and facilitate host cell entry. Viral glycosylation has wide-ranging roles in viral pathobiology, including mediating protein folding and stability, immune evasion, host receptor attachment, and cell entry. Modification of SARS-CoV-2 envelope membrane with glycans is important in host immune recognition and interaction between S and ACE2 glycoproteins. On the other hand, immunoglobulin G, a key molecule in immune response, shows a distinct glycosylation profile in COVID-19 infection and with increased disease severity. Hence, further studies on the role of glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 infection are needed for its successful prevention and treatment. This chapter focuses on recent findings on the importance of glycosylation in COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Petrović
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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The CH1α domain of mucosal gp41 IgA contributes to antibody specificity and antiviral functions in HIV-1 highly exposed Sero-Negative individuals. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009103. [PMID: 33315937 PMCID: PMC7802955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody molecule comprises a variable domain conferring antigen specificity and affinity distinct from the heavy chain constant (CH) domains dictating effector functions. We here interrogate this paradigm by evaluating the unique influence of the CH1α domain on epitope specificity and functions using two mucosal gp41-specific Fab-IgAs (FabA) derived from HIV-1 highly-exposed but persistently seronegative individuals (HESN). These HESN develop selectively affinity-matured HIV-1-specific mucosal IgA that target the gp41 viral envelope and might provide protection although by unclear mechanisms. Isotype-switching FabAs into Fab-IgGs (FabGs) results in a >10-fold loss in affinity for HIV-1 clade A, B, and C gp41, together with reduced neutralization of HIV-1 cross-clade. The FabA conformational epitopes map selectively on gp41 in 6-Helix bundle and pre-fusion conformations cross-clade, unlike FabGs. Finally, we designed in silico, a 12 amino-acid peptide recapitulating one FabA conformational epitope that inhibits the FabA binding to gp41 cross-clade and its neutralizing activity. Altogether, our results reveal that the CH1α domain shapes the antibody paratope through an allosteric effect, thereby strengthening the antibody specificity and functional activities. Further, they clarify the mechanisms by which these HESN IgAs might confer protection against HIV-1-sexual acquisition. The IgA-specific epitope we characterized by reverse vaccinology could help designing a mucosal HIV-1 vaccine.
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35
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de Haan N, Falck D, Wuhrer M. Monitoring of immunoglobulin N- and O-glycosylation in health and disease. Glycobiology 2020; 30:226-240. [PMID: 31281930 PMCID: PMC7225405 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein N- and O-glycosylation are well known co- and post-translational modifications of immunoglobulins. Antibody glycosylation on the Fab and Fc portion is known to influence antigen binding and effector functions, respectively. To study associations between antibody glycosylation profiles and (patho) physiological states as well as antibody functionality, advanced technologies and methods are required. In-depth structural characterization of antibody glycosylation usually relies on the separation and tandem mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of released glycans. Protein- and site-specific information, on the other hand, may be obtained by the MS analysis of glycopeptides. With the development of high-resolution mass spectrometers, antibody glycosylation analysis at the intact or middle-up level has gained more interest, providing an integrated view of different post-translational modifications (including glycosylation). Alongside the in-depth methods, there is also great interest in robust, high-throughput techniques for routine glycosylation profiling in biopharma and clinical laboratories. With an emphasis on IgG Fc glycosylation, several highly robust separation-based techniques are employed for this purpose. In this review, we describe recent advances in MS methods, separation techniques and orthogonal approaches for the characterization of immunoglobulin glycosylation in different settings. We put emphasis on the current status and expected developments of antibody glycosylation analysis in biomedical, biopharmaceutical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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36
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Voruganti S, Xu J, Li X, Balakrishnan G, Singh SM, Kar SR, Das TK. A Detailed Protocol for Generation of Therapeutic Antibodies with Galactosylated Glycovariants at Laboratory Scale Using In-Vitro Glycoengineering Technology. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:935-945. [PMID: 33039440 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is an important post translational modification that occurs on Asparagine 297 residue or a homologous position on the Fc portion of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAb Fc glycans play important roles in antibody structure, stability, and function including effector function and pharmacokinetics. The Fc glycans are made up of a wide variety of sugars including galactose, mannose, and sialic acid. The role of galactose in mediating antibody effector functions is not well understood. Hence, there is widespread interest in the antibody research community to understand the role of galactose in antibody effector functions as galactose is a major constituent of antibody glycans. This requires generation of highly enriched galactosylated variants that has been very challenging via cell culture process. To tackle this challenge, we developed a laboratory scale biochemical process to produce highly enriched galactosylated variants. In this article, we report optimized lab-scale workflows and detailed protocols for generation of deglycosylated, hypo-galactosylated and hyper-galactosylated variants of IgG therapeutic antibodies using the in-vitro glycoengineering technology. The optimized workflows offer short turnaround time and produce highly enriched deglycosylated/hypo-galactosylated/hyper-galactosylated IgG glycovariants, with high purity & molecular integrity as demonstrated by data from an example IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Voruganti
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gurusamy Balakrishnan
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Surinder M Singh
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sambit R Kar
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tapan K Das
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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37
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Srzentić K, Fornelli L, Tsybin YO, Loo JA, Seckler H, Agar JN, Anderson LC, Bai DL, Beck A, Brodbelt JS, van der Burgt YEM, Chamot-Rooke J, Chatterjee S, Chen Y, Clarke DJ, Danis PO, Diedrich JK, D'Ippolito RA, Dupré M, Gasilova N, Ge Y, Goo YA, Goodlett DR, Greer S, Haselmann KF, He L, Hendrickson CL, Hinkle JD, Holt MV, Hughes S, Hunt DF, Kelleher NL, Kozhinov AN, Lin Z, Malosse C, Marshall AG, Menin L, Millikin RJ, Nagornov KO, Nicolardi S, Paša-Tolić L, Pengelley S, Quebbemann NR, Resemann A, Sandoval W, Sarin R, Schmitt ND, Shabanowitz J, Shaw JB, Shortreed MR, Smith LM, Sobott F, Suckau D, Toby T, Weisbrod CR, Wildburger NC, Yates JR, Yoon SH, Young NL, Zhou M. Interlaboratory Study for Characterizing Monoclonal Antibodies by Top-Down and Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1783-1802. [PMID: 32812765 PMCID: PMC7539639 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics (www.topdownproteomics.org) launched the present study to assess the current state of top-down mass spectrometry (TD MS) and middle-down mass spectrometry (MD MS) for characterizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) primary structures, including their modifications. To meet the needs of the rapidly growing therapeutic antibody market, it is important to develop analytical strategies to characterize the heterogeneity of a therapeutic product's primary structure accurately and reproducibly. The major objective of the present study is to determine whether current TD/MD MS technologies and protocols can add value to the more commonly employed bottom-up (BU) approaches with regard to confirming protein integrity, sequencing variable domains, avoiding artifacts, and revealing modifications and their locations. We also aim to gather information on the common TD/MD MS methods and practices in the field. A panel of three mAbs was selected and centrally provided to 20 laboratories worldwide for the analysis: Sigma mAb standard (SiLuLite), NIST mAb standard, and the therapeutic mAb Herceptin (trastuzumab). Various MS instrument platforms and ion dissociation techniques were employed. The present study confirms that TD/MD MS tools are available in laboratories worldwide and provide complementary information to the BU approach that can be crucial for comprehensive mAb characterization. The current limitations, as well as possible solutions to overcome them, are also outlined. A primary limitation revealed by the results of the present study is that the expert knowledge in both experiment and data analysis is indispensable to practice TD/MD MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Srzentić
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-0001, United States
| | - Luca Fornelli
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-0001, United States
| | - Yury O Tsybin
- Spectroswiss, EPFL Innovation Park, Building I, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph A Loo
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Henrique Seckler
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-0001, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lissa C Anderson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Dina L Bai
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Yunqiu Chen
- Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1031, United States
| | - David J Clarke
- The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul O Danis
- Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | | | - Natalia Gasilova
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ying Ge
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Young Ah Goo
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - David R Goodlett
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Sylvester Greer
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | | | - Lidong He
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | | | - Joshua D Hinkle
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Matthew V Holt
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, United States
| | - Sam Hughes
- The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donald F Hunt
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-0001, United States
| | - Anton N Kozhinov
- Spectroswiss, EPFL Innovation Park, Building I, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ziqing Lin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Alan G Marshall
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Laure Menin
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Millikin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Simone Nicolardi
- Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Neil R Quebbemann
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Wendy Sandoval
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Richa Sarin
- Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1031, United States
| | | | | | - Jared B Shaw
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Lloyd M Smith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Frank Sobott
- University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy Toby
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-0001, United States
| | - Chad R Weisbrod
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Norelle C Wildburger
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John R Yates
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sung Hwan Yoon
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Nicolas L Young
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, United States
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Abramson HN. B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) as a Target for New Drug Development in Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5192. [PMID: 32707894 PMCID: PMC7432930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades there has been a major shift in the choice of agents to treat multiple myeloma, whether newly diagnosed or in the relapsed/refractory stage. The introduction of new drug classes, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and anti-CD38 and anti-SLAMF7 monoclonal antibodies, coupled with autologous stem cell transplantation, has approximately doubled the disease's five-year survival rate. However, this positive news is tempered by the realization that these measures are not curative and patients eventually relapse and/or become resistant to the drug's effects. Thus, there is a need to discover newer myeloma-driving molecular markers and develop innovative drugs designed to precisely regulate the actions of such putative targets. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), which is found almost exclusively on the surfaces of malignant plasma cells to the exclusion of other cell types, including their normal counterparts, has emerged as a specific target of interest in this regard. Immunotherapeutic agents have been at the forefront of research designed to block BCMA activity. These agents encompass monoclonal antibodies, such as the drug conjugate belantamab mafodotin; bispecific T-cell engager strategies exemplified by AMG 420; and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapeutics that include idecabtagene vicleucel (bb2121) and JNJ-68284528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Kightlinger W, Warfel KF, DeLisa MP, Jewett MC. Synthetic Glycobiology: Parts, Systems, and Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1534-1562. [PMID: 32526139 PMCID: PMC7372563 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, the attachment of sugars to amino acid side chains, can endow proteins with a wide variety of properties of great interest to the engineering biology community. However, natural glycosylation systems are limited in the diversity of glycoproteins they can synthesize, the scale at which they can be harnessed for biotechnology, and the homogeneity of glycoprotein structures they can produce. Here we provide an overview of the emerging field of synthetic glycobiology, the application of synthetic biology tools and design principles to better understand and engineer glycosylation. Specifically, we focus on how the biosynthetic and analytical tools of synthetic biology have been used to redesign glycosylation systems to obtain defined glycosylation structures on proteins for diverse applications in medicine, materials, and diagnostics. We review the key biological parts available to synthetic biologists interested in engineering glycoproteins to solve compelling problems in glycoscience, describe recent efforts to construct synthetic glycoprotein synthesis systems, and outline exemplary applications as well as new opportunities in this emerging space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Kightlinger
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Katherine F. Warfel
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Department
of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert
Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Nancy
E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Gnanesh Kumar B, Rawal A. Sequence characterization and N-glycoproteomics of secretory immunoglobulin A from donkey milk. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:605-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang Y, Lin T, Zhao Y, Mao Y, Tao Y, Huang Y, Wang S, Hu L, Cheng J, Yang H. Characterization of N-linked intact glycopeptide signatures of plasma IgGs from patients with prostate carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia for diagnosis pre-stratification. Analyst 2020; 145:5353-5362. [PMID: 32568312 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel non-invasive biomarkers for discriminating between prostate carcinoma (PCa) patients and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients is necessary to reduce the burden of biopsies, avoid overdiagnosis and improve quality of life. Previous studies suggest that abnormal glycosylation of immunoglobulin gamma molecules (IgGs) is strongly associated with immunological diseases and prostate diseases. Hence, characterizing N-linked intact glycopeptides of IgGs that correspond to the N-glycan structure with specific site information might enable a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and discovery of novel signatures in preoperative discrimination of BPH from PCa. In this study, we profiled N-linked intact glycopeptides of purified IgGs from 51 PCa patients and 45 BPH patients by our developed N-glycoproteomic method using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography enrichment coupled with high resolution LC-MS/MS. The quantitative analysis of the N-linked intact glycopeptides using pGlyco 2.0 and MaxQuant software provided quantitative information on plasma IgG subclass-specific and site-specific N-glycosylation. As a result, we found four aberrantly expressed N-linked intact glycopeptides across different IgG subclasses. In particular, the N-glycopeptide IgG2-GP09 (EEQFNSTFR (H5N5S1)) was dramatically elevated in plasma from PCa patients, compared with that in BPH patients (PCa/BPH ratio = 5.74, p = 0.001). Additionally, the variations in these N-linked intact glycopeptide abundances were not caused by the changes in the IgG concentrations. Furthermore, IgG2-GP09 displayed a more powerful prediction capability (auROC = 0.702) for distinguishing PCa from BPH than the clinical index t-PSA (auROC = 0.681) when used alone or in combination with other indicators (auROC = 0.853). In conclusion, these abnormally expressed N-linked intact glycopeptides have potential for non-invasive monitoring and pre-stratification of prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH; West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center; Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Huynh HH, Morita N, Sakamoto T, Katayama T, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M, Chiba Y, Shinkura R, Maruyama JI. Functional production of human antibody by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2020; 7:7. [PMID: 32514366 PMCID: PMC7257131 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-020-00098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as biopharmaceuticals take a pivotal role in the current therapeutic applications. Generally mammalian cell lines, such as those derived from Chinese hamster ovaries (CHO), are used to produce the recombinant antibody. However, there are still concerns about the high cost and the risk of pathogenic contamination when using mammalian cells. Aspergillus oryzae, a filamentous fungus recognized as a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) organism, has an ability to secrete a large amount of proteins into the culture supernatant, and thus the fungus has been used as one of the cost-effective microbial hosts for heterologous protein production. Pursuing this strategy the human anti-TNFα antibody adalimumab, one of the world's best-selling antibodies for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, was chosen to produce the full length of mAbs by A. oryzae. Generally, N-glycosylation of the antibody affects immune effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) via binding to the Fc receptor (FcγR) on immune cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to first delete the Aooch1 gene encoding a key enzyme for the hyper-mannosylation process in fungi to investigate the binding ability of antibody with FcγRIIIa. RESULTS Adalimumab was expressed in A. oryzae by the fusion protein system with α-amylase AmyB. The full-length adalimumab consisting of two heavy and two light chains was successfully produced in the culture supernatants. Among the producing strains, the highest amount of antibody was obtained from the ten-protease deletion strain (39.7 mg/L). Two-step purifications by Protein A and size-exclusion chromatography were applied to obtain the high purity sample for further analysis. The antigen-binding and TNFα neutralizing activities of the adalimumab produced by A. oryzae were comparable with those of a commercial product Humira®. No apparent binding with the FcγRIIIa was detected with the recombinant adalimumab even by altering the N-glycan structure using the Aooch1 deletion strain, which suggests only a little additional activity of immune effector functions. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated an alternative low-cost platform for human antibody production by using A. oryzae, possibly offering a reasonable expenditure for patient's welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Hiep Huynh
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Katayama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Maruyama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Komaromy A, Reider B, Jarvas G, Guttman A. Glycoprotein biomarkers and analysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer with special focus on serum immunoglobulin G. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:204-213. [PMID: 32243984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are two major diseases of the lung with high rate of mortality, mostly among tobacco smokers. The glycosylation patterns of various plasma proteins show significant changes in COPD and subsequent hypoxia, inflammation and lung cancer, providing promising opportunities for screening aberrant glycan structures contribute to early detection of both diseases. Glycoproteins associated with COPD and lung cancer consist of highly sialylated N-glycans, which play an important role in inflammation whereby hypoxia leads to accumulation of sialyl Lewis A and X glycans. Although COPD is an inflammatory disease, it is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Marked decrease in galactosylation of plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) together with increased presence of sialic acids and more complex highly branched N-glycan structures are characteristic for COPD and lung cancer. Numerous glycan biomarkers have been discovered, and analysis of glycovariants associated with COPD and lung cancer has been carried out. In this paper we review fundamental glycosylation changes in COPD and lung cancer glycoproteins, focusing on IgG to provide an opportunity to distinguish between the two diseases at the glycoprotein level with diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Komaromy
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
| | - Balazs Reider
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jarvas
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Andras Guttman
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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Development of efficient on-bead protein elution process coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine immunoglobulin G subclass and glycosylation for discovery of bio-signatures in pancreatic disease. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461039. [PMID: 32295703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a kind of IgG4-related disease in which higher IgG4 and total IgG levels have been found in patient serum. Due to the similar imaging features and laboratory parameters between AIP and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a differential diagnosis is still challenging. Since IgG profiles can be potential bio-signatures for disease, we developed and validated a method which coupled on-bead enzymatic protein elution process to an efficient UHPLC-MS/MS method to determine IgG subclass and glycosylation. A stable-isotope labeled IgG was incorporated as internal standard to achieve accurate quantification. For calibration curves, the correlation coefficients for total IgG and the four IgG subclasses were higher than 0.995. Intraday (n = 5) and interday (n = 3) precisions of the peak area ratios of LLOQ, low, medium, and high QC samples were all less than 6.6% relative standard deviation (% RSD), and the accuracies were between 93.5 and 114.9%. Calibration curves, precision, and accuracy were also evaluated for 26 IgG glycopeptides. The method was applied to samples from healthy controls and patients with AIP and PDAC. Distinct IgG patterns were discovered among the groups, and 7 glycopeptides showed high potential in differentiating AIP and PDAC. The results demonstrated that the developed method is suitable for multi-feature analysis of human IgG, and the discovered IgG profiles can be used as bio-signatures for AIP and PDAC.
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Chi B, Veyssier C, Kasali T, Uddin F, Sellick CA. At-line high throughput site-specific glycan profiling using targeted mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:e00424. [PMID: 32071892 PMCID: PMC7016254 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High throughput, site-specific glycan profiling using targeted mass spectrometry. Rapid analysis of glycan profiles directly from culture media. Methodology is fully compatible with automation. Methodology can be integrated into cell line selection and process development. Strategy can be used for multi-attribute product quality screening/monitoring.
Protein post-translational modification (PTM) plays an important role in many biological processes; of which glycosylation is arguably one of the most complex and diverse modifications and is crucial for the safety and efficacy of biotherapeutic proteins. Mass spectrometric characterization of protein glycosylation is well established with clear advantages and disadvantages; on one hand it is precise and information-rich, as well as being relative inexpensive in terms of the reagents and consumables despite the instrumentation cost and, depending on the method, can give site specific information; on the other hand it generally suffers from low throughput, restriction to largely purified samples and is less quantitative, especially for sialylated glycan species. Here, we describe a high throughput, site-specific, targeted mass spectrometric peptide mapping approach to quickly screen/rank candidate production cell lines and culture conditions that give favourable glycosylation profiles directly from conditioned culture media for an Fc-fusion protein. The methodology is fully compatible with automation and combines the speed of ‘top-down’ mass spectrometry with the site-specific information of ‘bottom-up’ mass spectrometry. In addition, this strategy can be used for multi-attribute product quality screening/monitoring as an integral part of cell line selection and process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertie Chi
- MedImmune, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Toyin Kasali
- MedImmune, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Faisal Uddin
- MedImmune, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
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46
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IgA subclasses have different effector functions associated with distinct glycosylation profiles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:120. [PMID: 31913287 PMCID: PMC6949214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monomeric serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) can contribute to the development of various autoimmune diseases, but the regulation of serum IgA effector functions is not well defined. Here, we show that the two IgA subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2) differ in their effect on immune cells due to distinct binding and signaling properties. Whereas IgA2 acts pro-inflammatory on neutrophils and macrophages, IgA1 does not have pronounced effects. Moreover, IgA1 and IgA2 have different glycosylation profiles, with IgA1 possessing more sialic acid than IgA2. Removal of sialic acid increases the pro-inflammatory capacity of IgA1, making it comparable to IgA2. Of note, disease-specific autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis display a shift toward the pro-inflammatory IgA2 subclass, which is associated with higher disease activity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IgA effector functions depend on subclass and glycosylation, and that disturbances in subclass balance are associated with autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) has two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2, but differential effects on inflammation are unclear. Here the authors show that IgA2, when compared with IgA1, has stronger pro-inflammatory functions associated with changed glycosylation and higher disease scores in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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47
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Goulet DR, Atkins WM. Considerations for the Design of Antibody-Based Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:74-103. [PMID: 31173761 PMCID: PMC6891151 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based proteins have become an important class of biologic therapeutics, due in large part to the stability, specificity, and adaptability of the antibody framework. Indeed, antibodies not only have the inherent ability to bind both antigens and endogenous immune receptors but also have proven extremely amenable to protein engineering. Thus, several derivatives of the monoclonal antibody format, including bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and antibody fragments, have demonstrated efficacy for treating human disease, particularly in the fields of immunology and oncology. Reviewed here are considerations for the design of antibody-based therapeutics, including immunological context, therapeutic mechanisms, and engineering strategies. First, characteristics of antibodies are introduced, with emphasis on structural domains, functionally important receptors, isotypic and allotypic differences, and modifications such as glycosylation. Then, aspects of therapeutic antibody design are discussed, including identification of antigen-specific variable regions, choice of expression system, use of multispecific formats, and design of antibody derivatives based on fragmentation, oligomerization, or conjugation to other functional moieties. Finally, strategies to enhance antibody function through protein engineering are reviewed while highlighting the impact of fundamental biophysical properties on protein developability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
| | - William M Atkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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48
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Zhang S, Cao X, Liu C, Li W, Zeng W, Li B, Chi H, Liu M, Qin X, Tang L, Yan G, Ge Z, Liu Y, Gao Q, Lu H. N-glycopeptide Signatures of IgA 2 in Serum from Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-related Liver Diseases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2262-2272. [PMID: 31501225 PMCID: PMC6823847 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation alteration has been reported in liver diseases. Characterizing N-glycopeptides that correspond to N-glycan structure with specific site information enables better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of liver damage and cancer. Here, unbiased quantification of N-glycopeptides of a cluster of serum glycoproteins with 40-55 kDa molecular weight (40-kDa band) was investigated in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases. We used an N-glycopeptide method based on 18O/16O C-terminal labeling to obtain 82 comparisons of serum from patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis (LC). Then, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was performed to quantify N-glycopeptide relative to the protein content, especially in the healthy donor-HBV-LC-HCC cascade. TPLTAN205ITK (H5N5S1F1) and (H5N4S2F1) corresponding to the glycopeptides of IgA2 were significantly elevated in serum from patients with HBV infection and even higher in HBV-related LC patients, as compared with healthy donor. In contrast, the two glycopeptides of IgA2 fell back down in HBV-related HCC patients. In addition, the variation in the abundance of two glycopeptides was not caused by its protein concentration. The altered N-glycopeptides might be part of a unique glycan signature indicating an IgA-mediated mechanism and providing potential diagnostic clues in HBV-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Baiwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingyi Tang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zefan Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Haojie Lu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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49
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Hahm YH, Lee JY, Ahn YH. Investigation of Site-Specific Differences in Glycan Microheterogeneity by N-Glycopeptide Mapping of VEGFR-IgG Fusion Protein. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213924. [PMID: 31671706 PMCID: PMC6864772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A biosimilar fusion protein VEGFR-IgG consisting of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2) and the Fc portion of human IgG1 was prepared for this study. The prepared fusion protein was expected to possess a total of five N-linked glycosylation sites: two sites in the VEGFR-1 region, two sites in the VEGFR-2 region, and one site in the human IgG Fc region. For site-specific glycan analysis, the fusion protein was hydrolyzed with trypsin, and the resulting tryptic digests were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS). The expected N-linked glycosylation sites were successfully identified and site-specific glycopeptide mapping was completed by Integrated GlycoProteome Analyzer (I-GPA) for the resulting raw tandem mass data. Finally, it was clearly confirmed that N-linked glycans for each glycosylation site showed significantly different patterns in microheterogeneity, which may indicate certain functions for each glycosylation site in the protein. Based on the mapping results, the unique features in glycan microheterogeneity for the five glycosylation sites of VEGFR-IgG fusion protein were compared site-specifically and further discussed to understand the functional meaning of each glycosylation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Biomedical Omics Research Group, Cheongju 28119, Korea.
| | - Yeong Hee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
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50
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Lopez E, Scott NE, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Low pH Exposure During Immunoglobulin G Purification Methods Results in Aggregates That Avidly Bind Fcγ Receptors: Implications for Measuring Fc Dependent Antibody Functions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2415. [PMID: 31681303 PMCID: PMC6797627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the biophysical and functional nature of IgG is key to defining correlates of protection in infectious disease, and autoimmunity research cohorts, as well as vaccine efficacy trials. These studies often require small quantities of IgG to be purified from plasma for downstream analysis with high throughput immunoaffinity formats which elute IgG at low-pH, such as Protein G and Protein A. Herein we sought to compare Protein G purification of IgG with an immunoaffinity method which elutes at physiological pH (Melon Gel). Critical factors impacting Fc functionality with the potential to significantly influence FcγR binding, such as IgG subclass distribution, N-glycosylation, aggregation, and IgG conformational changes were investigated and compared. We observed that transient exposure of IgG to the low-pH elution buffer, used during the Protein G purification process, artificially enhanced recognition of Fcγ Receptors (FcγRs) as demonstrated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), FcγR dimer ELISA, and a functional cell-based assay. Furthermore, low-pH exposed IgG caused conformational changes resulting in increased aggregation and hydrophobicity; factors likely to contribute to the observed enhanced interaction with FcγRs. These results highlight that methods employed to purify IgG can significantly alter FcγR-binding behavior and biological activity and suggest that the IgG purification approach selected may be a previously overlooked factor contributing to the poor reproducibility across current assays employed to evaluate Fc-mediated antibody effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Department, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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